1821 in Germany
# 1821 in Germany

Events from the year 1821 in Germany

## Incumbents

### Kingdoms

* Kingdom of Prussia
   * Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)
* Kingdom of Bavaria
   * Maximilian I (1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825)
* Kingdom of Saxony
   * Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
* Kingdom of Hanover
   * George IV (29 January 1820 – 26 June 1830)
* Kingdom of Württemberg
   * William (30 October 1816 – 25 June 1864)

### Grand Duchies

* Grand Duke of Baden
   * Louis I (8 December 1818 – 30 March 1830)
* Grand Duke of Hesse
   * Louis I (14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830)
* Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
   * Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)
* Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
   * George (6 November 1816 – 6 September 1860)
* Grand Duke of Oldenburg
   * Wilhelm (6 July 1785 –2 July 1823 ) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.
   * Peter I (2 July 1823 - 21 May 1829)
* Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
   * Charles Frederick (14 June 1828 - 8 July 1853)

### Principalities

* Schaumburg-Lippe
   * George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
* Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
   * Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)
* Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
   * Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
* Principality of Lippe
   * Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)
* Principality of Reuss-Greiz
   * Heinrich XIX (29 January 1817 - 31 October 1836)
* Waldeck and Pyrmont
   * George II (9 September 1813 - 15 May 1845)

### Duchies

* Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
   * Leopold IV (9 August 1817 - 22 May 1871)
* Duke of Brunswick
   * Charles II (16 June 1815 – 9 September 1830)
* Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
   * Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
* Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
   * Ernest I (9 December 1806 – 12 November 1826)
* Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
   * Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)
* Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
   * Frederick William (25 March 1816 – 6 July 1825)

## Events

* Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria, wishing to build a monument to German unity and heroism (and the defeat of Napoleon), commissions Leo von Klenze to build a replica of the Parthenon on a bluff overlooking the Danube River near Regensburg, the Walhalla memorial.
* Ludwig van Beethoven – Piano Sonata No. 31
* Franz Schubert
   * "Gesang der Geister über den Wassern", D.714; part song for male voices and low strings; Op.posth. 167 (1858)
   * Symphony No. 7 in E major, D 729
* Carl Maria von Weber – Konzertstück in F minor, for piano and orchestra, Op. 79

## Births

* 27 January – August Becker, German landscape painter (died 1887)
* 19 February August Schleicher, German linguist (d. 1868)
* 1 March – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Old Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
* 17 May – Sebastian Kneipp, German naturopath (d. 1897)
* 18 May – Eduard von Pestel, Prussian military officer and German general (d. 1908)
* 17 July – Friedrich Engelhorn, German industrialist and founder of BASF (d. 1902)
* 31 August – Hermann von Helmholtz, German physician and physicist (d. 1894)
* 13 October – Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)

## Deaths

* 20 April– Franz Karl Achard, German chemist, physicist and biologist (b. 1753)
* 22 May – Johann Georg Heinrich Feder, German philosopher (born 1740)
* 10 September – Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, German painter, art historian (b. 1748)
* 14 September – Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist, zoologist (b. 1797)
* 21 October – Dorothea Ackermann, German actress (b. 1752)
