Portuguese verb conjugation
# Portuguese verb conjugation

Portuguese verbs display a high degree of inflection. A typical regular verb has over fifty different forms, expressing up to six different grammatical tenses and three moods. Two forms are peculiar to Portuguese within the Romance languages:

* The personal infinitive, a non-finite form which does not show tense, but is inflected for person and number.
* The future subjunctive, is sometimes archaic in some dialects (including peninsular) of related languages such as Spanish, but still active in Portuguese.

It has also several verbal periphrases.

## Overview

Portuguese verbs have the following properties.

* Two numbers—singular, plural
* Three persons—first, second, third
* Three aspects—perfective, imperfective, progressive*
* Two voices—active, passive*
* Six morphological forms for tenses, aspects, and/or moods—present, preterite, imperfect, pluperfect, future, and conditional.
* Three (or four) moods—indicative, subjunctive, imperative (and conditional, according to some authors)

Classes with an asterisk are entirely periphrastic. The passive voice can be constructed in two different ways. The pluperfect and the future of the indicative mood, as well as the conditional form, are often replaced with other verbal constructions or verbal periphrases in the spoken language.

## Basic tenses and moods

Conjugation is demonstrated here with the important irregular verb fazer, "to do":

| number | person | Indicative mood | Indicative mood | Indicative mood | Indicative mood | Indicative mood | Conditional |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| number | person | Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future | Conditional |
| singular | 1st | faço | fiz | fazia | fizera | farei | faria |
| singular | 2nd | fazes | fizeste | fazias | fizeras | farás | farias |
| singular | 3rd | faz | fez | fazia | fizera | fará | faria |
| plural | 1st | fazemos | fizemos | fazíamos | fizéramos | faremos | faríamos |
| plural | 2nd | fazeis | fizestes | fazíeis | fizéreis | fareis | faríeis |
| plural | 3rd | fazem | fizeram | faziam | fizeram | farão | fariam |
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | Subjunctive mood | Subjunctive mood | Subjunctive mood | Subjunctive mood | Personal infinitive |
| number | person | Present | Preterite | Imperfect | Pluperfect | Future | Personal infinitive |
| singular | 1st | faça | tenha feito | fizesse | tivesse feito | fizer | fazer |
| singular | 2nd | faças | tenhas feito | fizesses | tivesses feito | fizeres | fazeres |
| singular | 3rd | faça | tenha feito | fizesse | tivesse feito | fizer | fazer |
| plural | 1st | façamos | tenhamos feito | fizéssemos | tivéssemos feito | fizermos | fazermos |
| plural | 2nd | façais | tenhais feito | fizésseis | tivésseis feito | fizerdes | fazerdes |
| plural | 3rd | façam | tenham feito | fizessem | tivessem feito | fizerem | fazerem |
| number | person | Imperative mood | Imperative mood | Infinitive | Infinitive | fazer | fazer |
| number | person | Affirmative imperative | Negative imperative | Infinitive | Infinitive | fazer | fazer |
| singular | 1nd | N/A | N/A | Past participle | Past participle | feito | feito |
| singular | 2nd | faz/faze | faças | Past participle | Past participle | feito | feito |
| singular | 3rd | faça | faça | Present participle | Present participle | faciente | faciente |
| plural | 1st | façamos | façamos | Present participle | Present participle | faciente | faciente |
| plural | 2nd | fazei | façais | Gerund | Gerund | fazendo | fazendo |
| plural | 3rd | façam | façam | Gerund | Gerund | fazendo | fazendo |

Periphrastic forms are as follows:

| Tense | Basic | Progressive | Progressive | Perfect | Perfect progressive | Perfect progressive |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Tense | Basic | Portugal | Brazil | Perfect | Portugal | Brazil |
| Present | faço | estou a fazer | estou fazendo | tenho feito | tenho estado a fazer | tenho estado fazendo |
| Past | fiz | estava a fazer | estava fazendo | tinha feito | tinha estado a fazer | tinha estado fazendo |
| Future | farei | estarei a fazer | estarei fazendo | terei feito | terei estado a fazer | terei estado fazendo |
