Mangalyaan programme
# Mangalyaan programme

The Mangalyaan programme (Sanskrit: मंगलयान, romanized: Mangalyāna, lit. 'Mars craft'), also known as the Indian Mars Exploration Programme is an ongoing series of outer space missions by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for the exploration of Mars. The programme is currently in the primary phase with Orbiter missions.

There has been a single mission so far that deployed an orbiter around the planet which later lost its contact with the earth in 2022. A second mission planned for 2024 when the launch window opens.

## Programme structure

The Mangalyaan Programme's structure is divided in two phases. The primary phase consists of Mars orbiter missions while the next phase is aimed for soft landing on the Martian surface and deploying a rover for sample study.

### Phase I: Orbiters

Mangalyaan-1

The first mission, which is also known as Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) was launched in 2013 which carried Mangalyaan-1 orbiter. The original mission was expected to operate for 6 months, but it lived well past its expected lifetime and lost its contact with the earth in 2022, lasting for over seven years.

Mangalyaan-2

Mangalyaan-2 is the second Indian orbiter mission to Mars. Unlike the previous orbiter, it will operate in a lower orbit with Periareon and Apoareon altitude closer to the Martian surface. It will also carry greater scientific payload that includes a hyperspectral camera, a very high resolution panchromatic camera and a radar to better understand the early stages of Mars, its early crust, recent basalts, and ongoing activities such as boulder falls. It is set to launch during the 2024 Martian launch window.

### Phase II: Soft landers and rovers

Mangalyaan-3

The third mission is set to be the India's first soft landing of a rover on Mars, possibly at Eridania basin. It is planned to be carried out around the year 2030.

## List of Missions

### Mission

Successful and inactive

 Active

 Unsuccessful

| Mission | Launch Date | Launch Vehicle | Orbital Insertion Date | Landing Date | Return Date | Status | Status | Status | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mission | Launch Date | Launch Vehicle | Orbital Insertion Date | Landing Date | Return Date | Main Mission | Extended Mission | Mission Duration | Notes |
| Phase 1: Orbiters |||||||||||
| Mangalyaan-1 | 5 November 2013 | PSLV-XL | 24 September 2014 | – | – | Success | Success | 7 years, 6 months, 8 days | First Indian Mars mission. |
| Mangalyaan-2 | TBD 2024 | LVM3 | TBD 2025 | – | – | TBD | TBD | 1 year (planned) | Second Indian Mars orbiter mission. |
| Phase 2: Soft landers and rovers |||||||||||
| Mangalyaan-3 | TBD 2030 | TBD | TBD | – | – | TBD | TBD | TBD | First Indian Mars soft landing mission. |

## Gallery

* One of the first images of the surface of Mars taken by the Mangalyaan-1 on September 25, 2014.
* Mars as seen from Mangalyaan-1. Captured on 28 September 2014.
* Thrasis and Valles Marineris as captured by Mangalyaan-1.
* Syrtis Major by Mangalyaan-1.
