List of fortifications in Malta
# List of fortifications in Malta

This is a list of fortifications of Malta.

## Prehistoric fortifications

| Name | Location | Built | Status |
| - | - | - | - |
| Baħrija | Rabat | Bronze Age | Scant remains |
| Borġ in-Nadur | Birżebbuġa | c.1450 BC | One bastion intact |
| Nuffara | Xagħra | Bronze Age | Scant remains |
| Qortin | St. Paul's Bay | Bronze Age | Scant remains |
| Ras il-Ġebel | Mġarr | Bronze Age | Scant remains |
| Wardija ta' San Ġorġ | Siġġiewi | Bronze Age | Scant remains |

## Walled cities

| Name | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Birgu | Birgu | c.13th–18th centuries | Order of Saint John | Mostly intact, undergoing restoration |
| Cittadella | Victoria | Antiquity–1622 | Crown of Aragon Order of Saint John | Intact. According to Ramon Muntaner (1283) a prominent Aragonite tower existed on the site in the whereabouts of the arch/remains of a Siculo-Norman style villa. A number of outer towers were places outside the Citadel. |
| Cottonera Lines | Cospicua Birgu | 1670–18th century | Order of Saint John | Mostly intact |
| Floriana Lines | Floriana | 1635–18th century | Order of Saint John | Mostly intact |
| Mdina | Mdina | Antiquity–1746 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Santa Margherita Lines | Cospicua | 1638–1736 | Order of Saint John | Partially intact |
| Senglea | Senglea | 1552–18th century | Order of Saint John | Partially intact |
| Valletta | Valletta | 1566–1570s | Order of Saint John | Mostly intact, partially restored |

## Forts

| Name | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Fort Benghisa | Birżebbuġa | 1910–1912 | United Kingdom | Intact, neglected |
| Fort Binġemma | Rabat | 1875–1878 | United Kingdom | Intact, illegally occupied |
| Fort Campbell | Mellieħa | 1937–1938 | United Kingdom | Ruins |
| Fort Chambray | Għajnsielem | 1749–1760s | Order of Saint John | Intact, redeveloped |
| Fort Delimara | Marsaxlokk | 1876–1888 | United Kingdom | Intact, restoration proposed |
| Fort Leonardo | Żabbar | 1872–1878 | United Kingdom | Intact, restoration proposed |
| Fort Madalena | Swieqi | 1878–1880 | United Kingdom | Intact, used as a rescue corps headquarters and training school |
| Fort Manoel | Gżira | 1723–1733 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Fort Mellieħa | Mellieħa | 1940s | United Kingdom | Intact, restored |
| Fort Mosta | Mosta | 1878–1880s | United Kingdom | Intact, used as an ammunition depot |
| Fort Pembroke | Pembroke | 1875–1878 | United Kingdom | Intact, used as a school |
| Fort Ricasoli | Kalkara | 1670–1693 | Order of Saint John | Intact, neglected |
| Fort Saint Angelo | Birgu | 13th century–1690s | Order of Saint John | Intact, undergoing restoration |
| Fort Saint Elmo | Valletta | 1552–1570s | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Fort San Lucian | Marsaxlokk | 1872–1878 | United Kingdom | Intact, used as an aquaculture research centre |
| Fort Saint Michael | Senglea | 1552–1581 | Order of Saint John | Demolished, part of the base survives |
| Fort Saint Rocco | Kalkara | 1872–1900 | United Kingdom | Intact |
| Fort San Salvatore | Birgu | 1724 | Order of Saint John | Intact, neglected |
| Fort Tas-Silġ | Marsaxlokk | 1879–1883 | United Kingdom | Intact, used as an animal sanctuary |
| Fort Tigné | Sliema | 1793–1795 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Fort Verdala | Cospicua | 1852–1856 | United Kingdom | Intact, used as housing estates and a school |

## Towers

| Name | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Castro Interiore | Birgu | c. 1274 | Angevins | Modified |
| Birgu Clock Tower | Birgu | Medieval-Order of St John | | Modified to be used as a clock tower and then destroyed in WWII |
| Burmarrad Tower | Burmarrad | 1494 | | Replaced by another tower in 1618 in the close proximity |
| Aħrax Tower | Mellieħa | 1658 | Order of Saint John | Intact, abandoned |
| Bengħisa Tower | Birżebbuġa | 1659 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Birkirkara Tower | Birkirkara | c. 16th century | | Intact |
| Blat Mogħża Tower | Mġarr | c. 1637 | Order of Saint John | Collapsed |
| Captain's Tower | Naxxar | c. 1550s | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Cavalier Tower | Qrendi | Unknown | Unknown | Intact |
| Delimara Tower | Marsaxlokk | 1659 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Dwejra Tower | San Lawrenz | 1652 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Garzes Tower | Għajnsielem | 1605–1607 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Għajn Ħadid Tower | Mellieħa | 1658 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Għajn Tuffieħa Tower | Mġarr | 1637 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Għallis Tower | Naxxar | 1658 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Ħamrija Tower | Qrendi | 1659 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Isopu Tower | Nadur | 1667 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Lippija Tower | Mġarr | 1637 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Madliena Tower | Pembroke | 1658 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Marsalforn Tower | Xagħra | 1614–1616 | Order of Saint John | Collapsed, some ruins remain |
| Mġarr ix-Xini Tower | Għajnsielem | 1661 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Nadur Tower | Rabat | 1637 | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Orsi Tower | Kalkara | 1629 | Order of Saint John | Destroyed |
| Qawra Tower | St. Paul's Bay | 1638 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a restaurant |
| Saint Agatha's Tower | Mellieħa | 1647–1649 | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Saint George's Tower | St. Julian's | 1638 | Order of Saint John | Intact, in the grounds of a hotel |
| Saint Julian's Tower | Sliema | 1658 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a restaurant |
| Saint Lucian Tower | Marsaxlokk | 1610–1611 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as an aquaculture research centre |
| Saint Mark's Tower | Naxxar | 1658 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Saint Mary's Tower | Għajnsielem | 1618 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Santa Maria delle Grazie Tower | Xgħajra | 1620 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Saint Thomas Tower | Marsaskala | 1614 | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Sciuta Tower | Qrendi | 1638 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restoration planned |
| Torre dello Standardo | Mdina | 1725-1726 | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Tal-Għassiewi Tower | Zabbar | | Arab period | Ruins |
| Tal-Wejter Tower | Birkirkara | 17th or 18th century | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Triq il-Wiesgħa Tower | Żabbar | 1659 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Wardija Tower | Żurrieq | 1659 | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Wignacourt Tower | St. Paul's Bay | 1610 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a museum |
| Xlendi Tower | Munxar | 1650 | Order of Saint John | Intact, undergoing restoration |
| Xrobb l-Għaġin Tower | Marsaxlokk | 1659 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Żonqor Tower | Marsaskala | 1659 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Għajn Żnuber Tower | Mellieħa | Unknown | Possible a dejma post in origins; present structure a 19th-century watch tower | Intact, partially restored and partially reconstructed |
| Wied Żnuber Tower | Birżebbuġa | 16th century | Order of Saint John | Unknown (no longer exists) |

Notes:

* For privately built towers, see List of fortifications of Malta#Fortified houses and privately built towers.

## Batteries

| Name | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Aħrax Tower & Battery | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, abandoned |
| Arrias Battery | St. Paul's Bay | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a restaurant |
| Balbani Battery | Birżebbuġa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Buġibba Battery | St. Paul's Bay | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished, ditch survives |
| Cambridge Battery | Sliema | 1878–1886 | United Kingdom | Intact, restoration planned |
| Capuchin Convent Battery | Kalkara | 1799 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Corradino Batteries | Paola | 1798–1799 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Delimara Tower & Battery | Marsaxlokk | 1793 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Della Grazie Battery | Xgħajra | 1888–1893 | United Kingdom | Intact, restoration planned |
| Dellia Battery | St. Paul's Bay | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Elminiech Battery | Birżebbuġa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Fedeau Battery | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Ferretti Battery | Birżebbuġa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a restaurant |
| Garden Battery | Sliema | 1889–1894 | United Kingdom | Intact, restoration planned |
| Għallis Battery | Naxxar | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Għargħar Battery | San Ġwann | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Jesuit Hill Battery | Marsa | 1799 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Lascaris Battery | Valletta | 1854–1856 | United Kingdom | Intact |
| Lembi Battery | Sliema | 1757 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Maħsel Battery | Marsaskala | 1714 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Marsa Battery | Marsa | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Mistra Battery | Mellieħa | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Pembroke Battery | Pembroke | 1897–1899 | United Kingdom | Partially demolished, one gun emplacement survives. |
| Pinto Battery | Birżebbuġa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Heavily altered |
| Qalet Marku Battery | Naxxar | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Qawra Tower & Battery | St. Paul's Bay | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a restaurant and swimming pool |
| Qolla l-Bajda Battery | Żebbuġ, Gozo | 1716 | Order of Saint John | Intact, abandoned |
| Ramla Left Battery | Xagħra | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Ramla Right Battery | Nadur | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Riħama Battery | Marsaskala | 1714 | Order of Saint John | Mostly intact, restoration planned |
| Rinella Battery | Kalkara | 1878–1886 | United Kingdom | Intact, restored |
| Saint Anthony's Battery | Qala | 1731–1732 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Saint Julian's Tower & Battery | Sliema | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Battery partially intact, tower intact |
| Saint Lucian Tower & Battery | Marsaxlokk | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Battery demolished, tower intact |
| Saint Mary's Battery | Għajnsielem | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Saint Mary's Battery | Żebbuġ, Gozo | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Saint Paul's Battery | Marsaxlokk | 1881–1886 | United Kingdom | Intact, abandoned |
| Saint Peter's Battery | Kalkara | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| San Petronio Battery | Kalkara | 1602 | Order of Saint John | Destroyed, ditch survives |
| San Rocco Battery | Kalkara | 1798–1799 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Saint Thomas Tower & Battery | Marsaskala | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Tower intact, battery rebuilt on modern interpretative lines. |
| Saluting Battery | Valletta | 1560s | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Sliema Batteries | Sliema | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Sliema Point Battery | Sliema | 1872–1876 | United Kingdom | Intact, used as a restaurant |
| Spinola Battery | St. Julian's | 1889–1894 | United Kingdom | Demolished |
| Ta' Għemmuna Battery | St. Julian's | 1799 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Tal-Borg Battery | Tarxien | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Tarġa Battery | Mosta St. Paul's Bay | 1887–1890s | United Kingdom | Intact, restoration planned |
| Tas-Samra Battery | Ħamrun | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished. The church around which the battery was built still exists. |
| Tombrell Battery | Marsaxlokk | 1722 | Order of Saint John | Demolished, ditch survives |
| Vendôme Battery | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, dilapidated |
| Westreme Battery | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Blockhouse intact, gun platform destroyed |
| Wied Musa Battery | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Gun platform intact, blockhouse heavily altered |
| Wignacourt Tower & Battery | St. Paul's Bay | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Battery mostly intact, tower intact |
| Wilġa Battery | Marsaxlokk | 1714 | Order of Saint John | Blockhouse intact, gun platform destroyed |
| Wolseley Battery | Marsaxlokk | 1897–1899 | United Kingdom | Intact |
| Żabbar Batteries | Żabbar | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |
| Żejtun Batteries | Żejtun | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished (one cannon remains) |
| Żonqor Battery | Marsaskala | 1882–1886 | United Kingdom | Intact, used as a farm |

Notes:

* Batteries located within larger fortifications are not included in the above list unless they are notable in their own right. Such batteries include:
   * De Guiral Battery in Fort Saint Angelo
   * Grunenburgh's Batteries in Fort Saint Angelo, Valletta and Senglea
   * Low Battery in the Cittadella
   * Several other batteries within the fortifications of Birgu
* Anti-aircraft batteries built in World War II are also not included.

## Redoubts

| Name | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq Redoubt | Naxxar | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a bar |
| Briconet Redoubt | Marsaskala | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a police station |
| Crivelli Redoubt | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Del Fango Redoubt | Marsaxlokk | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Fresnoy Redoubt | Birżebbuġa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Marsalforn Tower | Xagħra | 1720 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Mellieħa Redoubt | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Perellos Redoubt | St. Paul's Bay | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Qalet Marku Redoubt | Naxxar | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Qortin Redoubt | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Partially intact |
| Ramla Redoubt | Xagħra | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Saint George Redoubt | Birżebbuġa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact |
| Saint Lucian Redoubt | Marsaxlokk | 1799 | Kingdom of Great Britain | Demolished |
| Saint Mary's Redoubt | Għajnsielem | 1716 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| San Rocco Redoubt | Kalkara | 1799 | Kingdom of Great Britain | Demolished |
| Spinola Redoubt | Birżebbuġa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Tal-Bir Redoubt | Mellieħa | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Vendôme Tower | Marsaxlokk | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, used as a football club headquarters |
| Windmill Redoubt | Żabbar | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished. The windmill around which the redoubt was built still exists. |
| Ximenes Redoubt | Naxxar | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Intact, restored |
| Xwejni Redoubt | Żebbuġ, Gozo | 1715 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Żabbar Redoubt | Żabbar | 1798 | Maltese insurgents | Demolished |

## Entrenchments

| Name | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Bengħisa Entrenchment | Birżebbuġa | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Demolished |
| Birżebbuġa Entrenchment | Birżebbuġa | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Partially intact |
| Falca Lines | Mġarr St. Paul's Bay | 1723–1732 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Għajn Tuffieħa Entrenchment | Mġarr | | Order of Saint John | Partially intact |
| Louvier Entrenchment | Mellieħa | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Never completed Largely intact |
| Madliena Entrenchment | Naxxar | | Order of Saint John | Short stretch intact |
| Naxxar Entrenchment | Naxxar | 1722 | Order of Saint John | Partially intact |
| Qawra Point Entrenchment | St. Paul's Bay | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Short stretch survives in ruins |
| Qbajjar Entrenchment | Żebbuġ, Gozo | | Order of Saint John | Few remains survive |
| Ramla Entrenchment | Xagħra | 1720 | Order of Saint John | Few remains survive |
| Saint Julian's Entrenchment | St. Julian's | | Order of Saint John | Short stretch intact |
| Saint Lucian Entrenchment | Marsaxlokk | 1799 | Kingdom of Great Britain | Demolished |
| Spinola Entrenchment | St. Julian's | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Partially intact |
| Ta' Kassisu Entrenchment | Mellieħa | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Never completed Largely intact |
| Xgħajra Entrenchment | Żabbar | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Short stretches intact |
| Xrobb l-Għaġin Entrenchment | Marsaxlokk | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |
| Żewwieqa Entrenchment | Għajnsielem | 1761 | Order of Saint John | Ruins |

Notes:

* Entrenchments were originally planned to be built around the entire coastline of the Maltese Islands. The ones listed here are those of which some remains survive, or which are definitely known to have existed.

## Lines of fortification

| Name | Image | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Corradino Lines | | Paola | 1871–1880 | United Kingdom | Mostly intact |
| Victoria Lines | | Rabat Mġarr Mosta Naxxar Għargħur | 1875–1899 | United Kingdom | Partially intact |

Notes:

* The Floriana Lines, Santa Margherita Lines and the Cottonera Lines are also lines of fortification, but they are listed with the walled cities since they are close to settlements.

## Stop walls

* The 'stop wall' that plugged a fortification gap in Wied Żnuber

## Fortified houses and privately built towers

* Ta' Cirpisin Tower
* Castellan Country House

| Name | Location | Built | Builder | Status |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Sant'Angelo Tower | Birżebbuġa | 1702 or 1775 | Viani | Destroyed during WWII |
| Armoury | Siġġiewi | | | Intact |
| Bubaqra Tower | Żurrieq | c. 1579 | Don Matteolo Pisani | Intact |
| Cardona Tower | Għarb | | Cardona family | Intact. Built before 1649. Also known as tas-Sarretta Tower. Intact but machicolations removed. They appear to were still partially intact on 21 August 1933. |
| Castello Lanzun | San Ġwann | 15th century–1713 | Wenzu Lanzun | Intact |
| Gauci Tower | Naxxar | 16th century | Francesco Gauci | Intact |
| Gourgion Tower | Xewkija | 1690 | Giovanni Gourgion | Demolished, some stonework survives |
| Ingraw Tower | Żejtun | 1603 | Clemente Tabone | Dismantled; stonework used to build farmhouses |
| Mamo Tower | Marsaskala | 1657 | Gregorio and Giorgio Mamo | Intact, restored |
| Mari ta’ Qerqni Tower | Birżebbuġa | Unclear | | Intact, converted into a farmhouse |
| Sant'Antnin Tower | Żejtun | | | Destroyed during WWII |
| Santa Cecilia Tower | Għajnsielem | 1613 | Fra Bernardo Macedonia | Intact |
| Ta' Bettina Tower | Marsaxlokk | c. 1740 | D'Aurel Family | Intact |
| Tal-Buttar Tower | Marsaskala | | | Intact and used as a rural building with a close by watermill. |
| Tal-Gardiel Tower | Marsaskala | | | Intact |
| Tal-Mozz Tower | Żejtun | 1628 | | Intact. Also known as Tal-Kwies Tower. |
| Wied il-Qoton Tower | Birżebbuġa | 18th century | | Unprofessionally modified in 1758 |
| Verdala Palace | Siġġiewi | 1586 | Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle | Intact |
