List of Betula species
# List of Betula species

Subgenera of genus Betula (birch), are;

## Subgenus Betulenta - Wintergreen oil birches

Bark on twigs rich in methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Female catkins erect.

* Diploid (2n = 28).
   * Betula lenta - Sweet birch or cherry birch
      * Betula lenta subsp. uber - Cherry Creek birch
* Hexaploid (6n = 84).
   * Betula allegheniensis - Yellow birch (B. lutea)
* Decaploid (10n = 140).
   * Betula austrosinensis - South China birch
   * Betula globispica -
   * Betula insignis -
   * Betula medwediewii - Caucasian birch
* Duodecaploid (12n = 168).
   * Betula megrelica -
* chromosome number not reported
   * Betula corylifolia - Hazel-leaf birch
   * Betula grossa - Japanese cherry birch
   * Betula insignis -

## Subgenus Betulaster - Large-leaf birches

Bark on twigs contains some methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.

* Betula alnoides - Alder-leaf birch
   * Betula alnoides subsp. luminifera -
* Betula maximowicziana - Monarch birch

## Subgenus Neurobetula - Costate birches

Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins erect.

* Diploid (2n = 28).
   * Betula calcicola -
   * Betula chichibuensis -
   * Betula costata - Korean birch
   * Betula nigra - River birch or black birch
   * Betula potaninii - Potanin's birch
* Tetraploid (4n = 56).
   * Betula albosinensis - Chinese red birch
      * Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis - North Chinese red birch
   * Betula ermanii - Erman's birch
   * Betula jacquemontii (B. utilis subsp. jacquemontii) - White-barked Himalayan birch
   * Betula utilis - Himalayan birch
* Hexaploid (6n = 84).
   * Betula dahurica - Dahurian birch
   * Betula delavayi - Delavay's birch
   * Betula raddeana - Radde's birch
* Octoploid (8n = 112).
   * Betula chinensis - Chinese birch
* chromosome number not reported
   * Betula fargesii - Farges's birch
   * Betula schmidtii - Schmidt's birch
* chromosome number unknown
   * Betula leopoldae

## Subgenus Betula - Typical birches

Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.

* Diploid (2n = 28).
   * Betula cordifolia - Heart-leaf birch or mountain paper birch
   * Betula pendula - Silver birch
   * Betula mandschurica - Manchurian birch
      * Betula mandschurica var. japonica - Japanese birch
   * Betula neoalaskana - Alaska birch or Yukon birch
   * Betula occidentalis - Water birch or red birch (B. fontinalis)
   * Betula platyphylla (Betula pendula var. platyphylla) - Siberian silver birch
   * Betula populifolia - Gray birch
   * Betula szechuanica (Betula pendula var. szechuanica) - Sichuan birch
* Tetraploid (4n = 56).
   * Betula celtiberica - Iberian white birch
   * Betula pubescens - White birch, European white birch or downy birch
      * Betula pubescens subsp. tortuosa - Arctic white birch
* Pentaploid (5n = 70).
   * Betula kenaica - Kenai birch
* Hexaploid (6n = 84).
   * Betula papyrifera - Paper birch, canoe birch or American white birch (sometimes tetraploid or pentaploid)

## Subgenus Chamaebetula - Dwarf birches

Small shrubs with small rounded leaves. Female catkins pendulous.

* Diploid (2n = 28).
   * Betula glandulosa (B. nana subsp. glandulosa) - American dwarf birch
   * Betula nana - Dwarf birch
* Tetraploid (4n = 56).
   * Betula minor - Quebec dwarf birch
   * Betula pumila - Swamp birch
* chromosome number not reported
   * Betula fruticosa -
   * Betula gmelinii -
   * Betula hallii - Cascades dwarf birch
   * Betula humilis - Arctic dwarf birch
   * Betula michauxii - Newfoundland dwarf birch
   * Betula microphylla -
   * Betula middendorffii -
