Southeast Papuan languages
# Southeast Papuan languages

The Southeast Papuan or Papuan Peninsula ("Bird's Tail") languages are a group of half a dozen small families of Papuan languages in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea that are part of the Trans–New Guinea (TNG) phylum.

## Languages

The languages are as follows:

* Dagan (Meneao Range)
* Owen Stanley Range
   * Koiarian (Koiari – Managalas Plateau)
   * Kwalean (Humene–Uare)
   * Manubaran (Mount Brown)
   * Mailu–Yareban
      * Yareban (Musa River)
      * Bauwaki
      * Mailuan (Cloudy Bay)

They have in common ya for 'you' (plural) instead of proto-TNG *gi.

## Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:

    Owen StanleyMeneao (Dagan) sgplsgpl 1 *na?*n[e/a]*nu 2 *ga*ja*g[e/a]*j[e/a] 3 *e (?)*ie (?)*me*mV

## Lexical comparison

The lexical data below is from the Trans-New Guinea database and Usher (2020).

Body parts :

| family | language | head | hair | ear | eye | nose | tooth | tongue | leg | blood | bone | skin | breast |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *kobutu; *kV(mb,p)utu; *mUtUna; *mVtVna | *iti; *(nd,s)umu(n,t)[V]; *zumun | *ka(nd,t)(i,e)C; *kat(i,e)C; *tVmV(d) | *g(a,u)mu; *ŋg(a,u)mu; *(ŋg,k)iti [maŋgV]; *nVpV | *mundu; *mutu | *magata; *maŋgat[a]; *titi | *balaŋ; *mbilaŋ; *me(l,n)e; *me(n,l)e | *kani(n); *k(a,o)ond(a,o)C; *kitu | *ke(ñj,s)a; *kesa | *kondaC; *kwata(l,n) | *gatapu; *(ŋg,k)a(nd,t)apu | *amu |
| Goilalan | Fuyug | hul ha; ondobe | are; hul haluma | gadolo | hul li; im | hul hunga; unge | hul usi | hul asese | soga | tana | hude | hul hoda; ode | hul duda |
| Goilalan | Tauade | kɔrɔtɔ | awutu | kepapaí | tavai | ki:tʰ | nɔtɔvai | aivi | lɔ'vai | il'iví | keniví | kɔtipai | data |
| Greater Binanderean | Proto-Binandere | *ciro; *giti | *tu | | *dibe; *diti | | *di | *VwVwV | | *ju; *or{a,o}rә | *bobo; *wetu | *tamә | *ami |
| Koiarian | Proto-Koiarian | | *fómo | | *ni | *uri | | | | *taɣo | | *vata | *amu |
| Kwalean | Proto-Kwalean (Ross) | | *iku(va) | | *(u)bu(i)vi(ma) | *ʒaʒore | *vono(ne); *wano(ne) | | | *ruu | *esi(ne) | *ahiri | *n(a)u(ne) |
| Kwalean | Proto-Humene-Uare (Usher) | | *igu | | *ubuma | *jajɔɾɛ | *ɣɔnɔnɛ | *majanɛ | *ɔda | *ɾɔo̝ | *e̝tinɛ | *ahe̝ɾe̝ | *nuunɛ |
| Manubaran | Proto-Manubaran (Ross) | *ada | *weʔia | *ane-ma | *ne(u) | *uru-ma | *gade | *afie | *[n,y]u-ka | | *nena | *roʔ(o,a) | |
| Manubaran | Proto-Mount Brown (Usher) | *ada | *u[w]e[t/k]a | *anema | *ne | *uɾuma | *gade | *api[j]e | | *daweʔa | *nena | *ɾoʔo | *sisu |
| Yareban | Proto-Musa River | *bo-tai | *idi | *ome | *nai-tai | *iboʔo | *ni[ʔ]o | *meana | *buɾi | *iwa | *tai | *ope | *ama |
| Mailuan | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | ilolo | liʔimu | ʔope | ini | durumu | maʔa | goba | ʔau | lala | kisa | ʔopi | ama |
| Dagan | Daga | iwa | igumewa | darinewa | yamewa | ginewa | nodonewa | mɛriwa | | dɛnip | kaemewa | ɛpiwa | amewa |

Nature :

| family | language | louse | dog | pig | bird | egg | tree | sun | moon | water | fire | stone | path |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *niman | | | *n(e,i); *n(e)i; *n[e]i; *yak; *yaka[i]; *yanem | *maŋgV; *munaka; *mun(a,u)ka | *ida; *inda ~ *iñja | *kamali; *kamuli; *ketana | *kal(a,i)m; *kamali; *takVn; *takVn[V] | *nok; *(n)ok; *ok(u); *ok[V] | *inda; *k(a,e)dap; *k(a,e)(n,d)ap; *kambu; *k(a,o)nd(a,u)p | *kamb(a,u)na; *(na)muna; *[na]muna | |
| Goilalan | Fuyug | hi | ho; oi | ovo | Nemba; nembe | hulombo | i'i | evuli | hama | ʒu | oki | zo | enamba; inambe |
| Goilalan | Tauade | dautʰ | kɔveřa | pɔřu | kide | mutuwu | eata | vatava | ɔne | ipi | e'na·m | evi'ti | bɔřiƀařa |
| Greater Binanderean | Proto-Binandere | | *sinә | *pu | | *munju | *i | *iji; *waeko | *inua | | *awo | *g{o,e}mb{a,i}(ro) | *begata; *esa; *ndai |
| Koiarian | Proto-Koiarian | *ʔumu | | | *ugu[fa] | *uni | *idí | | | | *vené | *muni | |
| Kwalean | Proto-Kwalean (Ross) | *(n)omo(ne) | *ɣuni | *aba | *teboare | *ma(va) | | *mada | *bato | *vou; *wara | *ire | *hadi | |
| Kwalean | Proto-Humene-Uare (Usher) | *nɔmɔnɛ | *ɣo̝ni | *aba | *ne̝ni; *t[e̝]b[o̝]ɾ[e̝] | *maɣa | | *maˈda | *batɔ | *wɔu | *iɾɛ | *hadi | *e̝bi |
| Manubaran | Proto-Manubaran (Ross) | *gue | *auna | *Dona | *erena | *une-ma | *yabo | *maida(ka) | *e(y)oʔa; *mohe- (?) | *koru | *ita | | |
| Manubaran | Proto-Mount Brown (Usher) | *gu[w]e | *auna | *dona | *eɾena | *unema | *jabo | *me[i]daʔa | *ejoʔa | *koɾu | *ita | *waʔiga | *ida |
| Yareban | Proto-Musa River | *uʔa | *kua | *boɾo | *gasiɾa; *ada | *baka; *uɾimi | *ana | *eweaka | *maɾabe; *sakaɾa | *adua | *inaʔa | *oma; *gebiɾo | *daʔaba |
| Mailuan | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | tuma | dari | talae | manu | muruʔu | ana | nina | dovele | ʔaʔama | eu | gomana | laea |
| Dagan | Daga | kuisin | eao | tuan | nɛnip | bagua | oma | oam | siragam | kaum | om |

Miscellaneous :

| family | language | man | woman | name | eat | one | two |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Trans-New Guinea | Proto-Trans-New Guinea | *abV; *ambi | *panV; *pan(V) | *ibi; *imbi; *wani | *na; *na- | | *ta(l,t)(a,e) |
| Goilalan | Fuyug | A'a; an | Amu; amuri | ifa | huni nene | fida | ʒuvalo |
| Goilalan | Tauade | baře | iva | ape'te | ɔmei nai | kɔne | kupal'iai |
| Greater Binanderean | Proto-Binandere | *embә | *bam{u,o}nә | *jajo; *jawә | *ind-; *mind- | *daba | |
| Koiarian | Proto-Koiarian | | *maɣina | *ifí | *i- | *(i,o)gau | |
| Kwalean | Proto-Kwalean (Ross) | *vaʒe | *no'ɣone | *ni | *anE- | *teba | *aheu |
| Kwalean | Proto-Humene-Uare (Usher) | *wajɛ | *nɔgɔnɛ | *ni | *an- | *te̝bɔ | *ahɛu |
| Manubaran | Proto-Manubaran (Ross) | *amie | | *roka | *iri- | *yokohi | *(ye)(ka)ma[nu] |
| Manubaran | Proto-Mount Brown (Usher) | *ami[j]e | *ɾema | *ɾoka | *iɾi- | *jokohi | *[ɾ/j]ema |
| Yareban | Proto-Musa River | *e[ʔe]me | *aweta | *ibi | *it- | *demu | |
| Mailuan | Mailu (Ilai dialect) | egi | avesa | omu | isiisi | ʔomu | ʔava |
| Dagan | Daga | apan | oaen | yaoa | naiwan | daiton | dɛrɛ |
