2005 Liberian general election
# 2005 Liberian general election

General elections were held in Liberia on 11 October 2005, with a runoff election for the presidency held on 8 November. The presidency and all seats in the House of Representatives and Senate were up for election. The elections were the first held since 1997 and marked the end of the political transition following the second civil war, having been stipulated in the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2004. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former World Bank employee and Liberian finance minister, won the presidential contest and became the first democratically elected female African head of state in January 2006.

## Background

Frances Johnson-Morris, the chairwoman of the National Elections Commission (NEC), announced the October 11 date on February 7, 2005.

Elections were scheduled for all 64 seats in the House of Representatives, with each of Liberia's 15 counties having at least two seats and the remaining seats allotted proportionally based on voter registration. The Senate had 30 seats up for elections, with two from each county.

## Presidential candidates

Prior to the election, former football star George Weah was considered by many to be the favorite, due at least partially to widespread dissatisfaction with Liberia's politicians. Weah, who had been the subject of a petition published in September 2004 urging him to run, announced his candidacy in mid-November 2004 and received a hero's welcome when he arrived in Monrovia later in the month. Weah won the first round of voting but lost in the November 8, 2005 run-off. He initially filed formal fraud charges, but subsequently dropped his allegations, citing the interests of peace.

* Nathaniel Barnes — Liberia Destiny Party (LDP)
* Charles Brumskine — Liberty Party (LP)
* Sekou Conneh — Progressive Democratic Party (PRODEM)
* Samuel Raymond Divine — Independent
* David Farhat — Free Democratic Party (FDP)
* Armah Jallah — National Party of Liberia (NPL)
* Ellen Johnson Sirleaf — Unity Party (UP)
* George Kiadii — National Vision Party of Liberia (NATVIPOL)
* George Klay Kieh — New Deal Movement (NDM)
* Joseph Korto — Liberia Equal Rights Party (LERP)
* Robert Kpoto — Union of Liberian Democrats (ULD)
* Alhaji G.V. Kromah — All Liberia Coalition Party (ALCOP)
* Roland Massaquoi — National Patriotic Party (NPP)
* John Morlu — United Democratic Alliance (UDA)
* Alfred Reeves — National Reformation Party (NRP)
* Varney Sherman — Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL)
* Togba-Nah Tipoteh — Alliance for Peace and Democracy (APD)
* Margaret Tor-Thompson — Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL)
* Winston Tubman — National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL)
* William V.S. Tubman, Jr. — Reformed United Liberia Party (RULP)
* George Weah — Congress for Democratic Change (CDC)
* Joseph Woah-Tee — Labor Party of Liberia (LPL)

### Excluded candidates

The chairman of the transitional government, Gyude Bryant, and other members of the transitional government did not run, according to the terms of the peace deal.

On August 13, the election commission published a list of 22 presidential candidates who were cleared to run; six candidates were rejected, but Weah was cleared to stand despite complaints that he had adopted French citizenship. The Senate seats were contested by 206 candidates and the seats in the lower house were contested by 503 candidates. Campaigning for the elections began on August 15.

In late September, the Supreme Court ruled that two excluded presidential candidates, Marcus Jones and Cornelius Hunter, and an excluded legislative candidate could register to run; this ruling created the possibility that the elections would have to be postponed in order to reprint ballot papers. However, these candidates later withdrew their bids, so the elections went ahead on schedule on October 11.

## Results

### President

Voting took place in two rounds 11 October and 8 November. Twenty-two people contested the presidential race in the first round. George Weah, former soccer star and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former World Bank employee and finance minister finished first and second, respectively and advanced to the second round run-off, which Johnson-Sirleaf won 59%-41%, according to the National Electoral Commission.

Weah claimed election fraud, stating elections officials were stuffing ballot boxes in Johnson-Sirleaf's favor. Most elections observers, including those from the United Nations, the European Union and the Economic Community of West African States, say that the election was clean and transparent. The Carter Center observed "minor irregularities" but no major problems. Johnson-Sirleaf reminded the press that Weah has 72 hours to bring evidence of wrongdoing to her campaign according to Liberian law, calling the accusations "lies" and stating that Weah's supporters "just don't want a woman to be President in Africa."

On December 22, 2005, Weah withdrew his protests, and in January, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became the first democratically elected female Head of State in the history of the African Continent, and the first native female African head of state since Empress Zauditu, who ruled Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930.

| Candidate | Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Candidate | Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | Joseph Boakai | Unity Party | 192,326 | 19.75 | 478,526 | 59.40 |
| | George Weah | J. Rudolph Johnson | Congress for Democratic Change | 275,265 | 28.27 | 327,046 | 40.60 |
| | Charles Brumskine | Amelia Angeline Ward | Liberty Party | 135,093 | 13.87 | | |
| | Winston Tubman | Jeremiah Sulunteh | National Democratic Party of Liberia | 89,623 | 9.20 | | |
| | Varney Sherman | John Kollehlon Fania | Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia | 76,403 | 7.85 | | |
| | Roland Massaquoi | Q. Somah Paygai Sr. | National Patriotic Party | 40,361 | 4.14 | | |
| | Joseph Korto | James Kollie Barclay Jr. | Liberia Equal Rights Party | 31,814 | 3.27 | | |
| | Alhaji G.V. Kromah | Emmanuel Mac Russell Sr. | All Liberia Coalition Party | 27,141 | 2.79 | | |
| | Togba-Nah Tipoteh | Marcus S. G. Dahn | Alliance for Peace and Democracy | 22,766 | 2.34 | | |
| | William V.S. Tubman Jr. | Garlo Isaac Williams | Reformed United Liberia Party | 15,115 | 1.55 | | |
| | John Morlu | Joseph Omaxline Demen | United Democratic Alliance | 12,068 | 1.24 | | |
| | Nathaniel Barnes | Parleh Dargbeh Harris | Liberian Destiny Party | 9,325 | 0.96 | | |
| | Margaret Tor-Thompson | J. Rudolph Marsh Sr. | Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia | 8,418 | 0.86 | | |
| | Joseph Woah-Tee | Samuel Washington Broh I. | Labor Party of Liberia | 5,948 | 0.61 | | |
| | Sekou Conneh | Edward Yarkpawolo Sali | Progressive Democratic Party | 5,499 | 0.56 | | |
| | David Farhat | Saah Ciapha Gbollie | Free Democratic Party | 4,497 | 0.46 | | |
| | George Klay Kieh | Alaric Tokpa | New Deal Movement | 4,476 | 0.46 | | |
| | Armah Jallah | Isaac G. Sammy Sr. | National Party of Liberia | 3,837 | 0.39 | | |
| | Robert Kpoto | Sylvester Bondo Singbe | Union of Liberian Democrats | 3,825 | 0.39 | | |
| | George Kiadii | Washington Shadrack McGill | National Vision Party of Liberia | 3,646 | 0.37 | | |
| | Samuel Raymond Divine | Jacob Gbanalagaye Mamu Sr. | Independent | 3,188 | 0.33 | | |
| | Alfred Reeves | Martin Mohammed Njavola Sherif | National Reformation Party | 3,156 | 0.32 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 973,790 | 100.00 | 805,572 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 973,790 | 96.16 | 805,572 | 97.56 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 38,883 | 3.84 | 20,144 | 2.44 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,012,673 | 100.00 | 825,716 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,352,730 | 74.86 | 1,352,730 | 61.04 |
| Source: National Elections Commission ||||||||

### House of Representatives

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| | Congress for Democratic Change | 157,753 | 16.87 | 15 |
| | Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia | 137,897 | 14.74 | 8 |
| | Liberty Party | 125,496 | 13.42 | 9 |
| | Unity Party | 123,373 | 13.19 | 8 |
| | National Patriotic Party | 78,751 | 8.42 | 4 |
| | Alliance for Peace and Democracy | 38,285 | 4.09 | 5 |
| | New Deal Movement | 35,721 | 3.82 | 3 |
| | National Democratic Party | 29,402 | 3.14 | 1 |
| | National Reformation Party | 22,542 | 2.41 | 1 |
| | All Liberia Coalition Party | 19,471 | 2.08 | 2 |
| | Free Democratic Party | 19,326 | 2.07 | 0 |
| | United Democratic Alliance | 13,958 | 1.49 | 1 |
| | Progressive Democratic Party | 11,997 | 1.28 | 0 |
| | Freedom Alliance Party | 11,126 | 1.19 | 0 |
| | Union of Liberian Democrats | 10,089 | 1.08 | 0 |
| | Labor Party of | 7,811 | 0.84 | 0 |
| | Liberia Equal Rights Party | 7,256 | 0.78 | 0 |
| | Reformed United Liberia Party | 6,252 | 0.67 | 0 |
| | Liberia Destiny Party | 5,493 | 0.59 | 0 |
| | National Vision Party of Liberia | 3,443 | 0.37 | 0 |
| | National Party of Liberia | 1,532 | 0.16 | 0 |
| | Independents | 68,387 | 7.31 | 7 |
| Total | Total | 935,361 | 100.00 | 64 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 935,361 | 94.68 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 52,550 | 5.32 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 987,911 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,291,541 | 76.49 | |
| Source: African Elections Database |||||

### Senate

As no Senate existed prior to the elections, each voter was eligible to cast two ballots for different candidates. The two candidates with the highest number of votes in each county were elected. The candidate with the highest share of votes became the senior senator for the county, elected to a nine-year term. The candidate with the second-highest share became the junior senator, elected to a six-year term. This method was chosen in order to reintroduce a staggered electoral system.

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| | Congress for Democratic Change | 252,677 | 14.94 | 3 |
| | Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia | 232,636 | 13.76 | 7 |
| | Unity Party | 222,705 | 13.17 | 4 |
| | Liberty Party | 213,002 | 12.60 | 3 |
| | National Patriotic Party | 178,259 | 10.54 | 3 |
| | Alliance for Peace and Democracy | 119,091 | 7.04 | 3 |
| | National Democratic Party | 60,668 | 3.59 | 2 |
| | All Liberia Coalition Party | 28,385 | 1.68 | 1 |
| | Progressive Democratic Party | 17,262 | 1.02 | 0 |
| | Reformed United Liberia Party | 13,293 | 0.79 | 0 |
| | Freedom Alliance Party | 13,050 | 0.77 | 0 |
| | National Reformation Party | 12,037 | 0.71 | 1 |
| | United Democratic Alliance | 11,265 | 0.67 | 0 |
| | Union of Liberian Democrats | 5,503 | 0.33 | 0 |
| | New Deal Movement | 4,264 | 0.25 | 0 |
| | Liberia Destiny Party | 3,431 | 0.20 | 0 |
| | Labor Party | 1,645 | 0.10 | 0 |
| | Independents | 301,729 | 17.84 | 3 |
| Total | Total | 1,690,902 | 100.00 | 30 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,291,541 | – | |
| Source: NEC |||||
