Demographics of the Gambia
# Demographics of the Gambia

The demographic characteristics of the population of The Gambia are known through national censuses, conducted in ten-year intervals and analyzed by The Gambian Bureau of Statistics (GBOS) since 1963. The latest census was conducted in 2013. The population of The Gambia at the 2013 census was 1.8 million. The population density is 176.1 per square kilometer, and the overall life expectancy in The Gambia is 64.1 years. Since the first census of 1963, the population of The Gambia has increased every ten years by an average of 43.2 percent. Since 1950s, the birth rate has constantly exceeded the death rate; the natural growth rate is positive. The Gambia is in the second stage of demographic transition. In terms of age structure, The Gambia is dominated by 15- to 24-year-old segment (57.6%). The median age of the population is 19.9 years, and the gender ratio of the total population is 0.98 males per female.

## Population

With a population of 1.88 million in 2013, The Gambia ranks 149th in the world by population. Its population density is 176.1 inhabitants per square kilometer (456 inhabitants per square mile). The overall life expectancy in The Gambia is 64.1 years. The total fertility rate of 3.98 is one of the highest in the world. Since 1950, the United Nations (UN) estimated the birth rate exceeds the death rate. The Gambia Bureau of Statistics (GBOS) estimates the population of The Gambia is expected to reach 3.6 million in 20 years. The population of The Gambia has increased each census, starting with 315 thousand in 1963 to 1.8 million in 2013. The GBOS predicted the reason for the increase from 2003 to 2013 was more coverage in the latter census compared to the former's.

## Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Gambia is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

| | Mid-year population (thousands) | Live births (thousands) | Deaths (thousands) | Natural change (thousands) | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) | Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | Life expectancy (in years) |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1950 | 307 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 49.6 | 32.2 | 17.4 | 6.35 | 174.0 | 31.76 |
| 1951 | 315 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 50.1 | 31.8 | 18.4 | 6.35 | 173.1 | 31.87 |
| 1952 | 323 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 50.5 | 31.5 | 19.0 | 6.35 | 171.6 | 32.08 |
| 1953 | 331 | 17 | 10 | 6 | 50.7 | 31.2 | 19.5 | 6.35 | 170.1 | 32.43 |
| 1954 | 340 | 17 | 11 | 7 | 50.9 | 31.1 | 19.8 | 6.34 | 168.8 | 32.67 |
| 1955 | 349 | 18 | 11 | 7 | 51.0 | 30.9 | 20.0 | 6.33 | 167.6 | 32.88 |
| 1956 | 359 | 18 | 11 | 7 | 51.0 | 30.9 | 20.2 | 6.32 | 166.5 | 33.05 |
| 1957 | 368 | 19 | 11 | 8 | 51.0 | 30.4 | 20.6 | 6.30 | 163.8 | 33.53 |
| 1958 | 378 | 19 | 11 | 8 | 51.0 | 29.9 | 21.1 | 6.29 | 161.0 | 34.08 |
| 1959 | 389 | 20 | 11 | 8 | 50.9 | 29.4 | 21.4 | 6.27 | 158.4 | 34.59 |
| 1960 | 400 | 20 | 12 | 9 | 50.7 | 28.9 | 21.8 | 6.25 | 155.8 | 35.10 |
| 1961 | 411 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 50.6 | 28.5 | 22.1 | 6.23 | 153.3 | 35.57 |
| 1962 | 422 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 50.4 | 28.1 | 22.3 | 6.21 | 150.9 | 35.99 |
| 1963 | 434 | 22 | 12 | 10 | 50.1 | 27.6 | 22.5 | 6.20 | 148.6 | 36.50 |
| 1964 | 446 | 22 | 12 | 10 | 49.8 | 27.1 | 22.6 | 6.20 | 146.3 | 36.95 |
| 1965 | 459 | 23 | 12 | 10 | 49.4 | 26.6 | 22.8 | 6.19 | 143.9 | 37.45 |
| 1966 | 472 | 23 | 12 | 11 | 48.9 | 26.1 | 22.8 | 6.18 | 141.6 | 37.90 |
| 1967 | 485 | 24 | 12 | 11 | 48.6 | 25.6 | 23.0 | 6.21 | 139.3 | 38.43 |
| 1968 | 499 | 24 | 13 | 12 | 48.4 | 25.1 | 23.2 | 6.22 | 137.0 | 38.87 |
| 1969 | 514 | 25 | 13 | 12 | 48.2 | 24.7 | 23.5 | 6.25 | 134.7 | 39.35 |
| 1970 | 529 | 25 | 13 | 13 | 47.9 | 24.2 | 23.7 | 6.26 | 132.4 | 39.87 |
| 1971 | 544 | 26 | 13 | 13 | 47.8 | 23.7 | 24.0 | 6.28 | 130.1 | 40.35 |
| 1972 | 561 | 27 | 13 | 14 | 47.8 | 23.2 | 24.6 | 6.32 | 127.7 | 40.92 |
| 1973 | 577 | 28 | 13 | 14 | 47.8 | 22.8 | 24.9 | 6.37 | 125.3 | 41.39 |
| 1974 | 595 | 28 | 13 | 15 | 47.6 | 22.4 | 25.2 | 6.38 | 122.9 | 41.95 |
| 1975 | 613 | 29 | 14 | 15 | 47.4 | 22.1 | 25.3 | 6.41 | 120.4 | 42.44 |
| 1976 | 632 | 30 | 14 | 16 | 47.3 | 21.8 | 25.5 | 6.43 | 117.9 | 43.04 |
| 1977 | 652 | 31 | 14 | 17 | 47.1 | 21.6 | 25.5 | 6.43 | 115.5 | 43.44 |
| 1978 | 673 | 31 | 14 | 17 | 46.9 | 21.5 | 25.4 | 6.42 | 114.0 | 43.58 |
| 1979 | 695 | 32 | 14 | 18 | 46.8 | 20.9 | 25.9 | 6.41 | 110.9 | 44.56 |
| 1980 | 719 | 33 | 15 | 19 | 46.7 | 20.6 | 26.2 | 6.40 | 108.5 | 45.15 |
| 1981 | 743 | 35 | 16 | 19 | 46.7 | 21.0 | 25.8 | 6.40 | 106.1 | 44.48 |
| 1982 | 768 | 36 | 15 | 21 | 46.8 | 19.8 | 26.9 | 6.39 | 103.7 | 46.38 |
| 1983 | 796 | 37 | 15 | 22 | 46.6 | 19.5 | 27.1 | 6.38 | 101.2 | 46.92 |
| 1984 | 825 | 38 | 16 | 22 | 46.5 | 19.1 | 27.4 | 6.37 | 98.7 | 47.49 |
| 1985 | 856 | 40 | 16 | 24 | 46.4 | 18.6 | 27.8 | 6.34 | 96.1 | 48.19 |
| 1986 | 889 | 41 | 16 | 25 | 46.4 | 18.1 | 28.3 | 6.33 | 93.6 | 48.71 |
| 1987 | 924 | 42 | 16 | 26 | 46.2 | 17.6 | 28.7 | 6.29 | 91.1 | 49.41 |
| 1988 | 961 | 44 | 16 | 28 | 46.1 | 17.1 | 29.0 | 6.26 | 88.7 | 50.05 |
| 1989 | 1 000 | 46 | 17 | 29 | 45.8 | 16.6 | 29.2 | 6.24 | 86.3 | 50.64 |
| 1990 | 1 041 | 47 | 17 | 31 | 45.7 | 16.1 | 29.6 | 6.22 | 84.0 | 51.32 |
| 1991 | 1 084 | 49 | 17 | 32 | 45.6 | 15.5 | 30.1 | 6.17 | 81.8 | 52.13 |
| 1992 | 1 127 | 51 | 17 | 34 | 45.4 | 15.0 | 30.4 | 6.11 | 79.5 | 52.94 |
| 1993 | 1 168 | 53 | 17 | 36 | 45.1 | 14.4 | 30.7 | 6.04 | 77.3 | 53.75 |
| 1994 | 1 206 | 54 | 17 | 38 | 45.0 | 13.7 | 31.3 | 6.04 | 75.0 | 54.72 |
| 1995 | 1 242 | 56 | 16 | 39 | 44.7 | 13.2 | 31.5 | 6.01 | 72.8 | 55.46 |
| 1996 | 1 279 | 57 | 16 | 40 | 44.3 | 12.8 | 31.5 | 5.96 | 70.6 | 56.01 |
| 1997 | 1 317 | 58 | 17 | 42 | 44.1 | 12.6 | 31.5 | 5.92 | 68.7 | 56.06 |
| 1998 | 1 356 | 60 | 17 | 43 | 44.1 | 12.3 | 31.8 | 5.93 | 66.3 | 56.55 |
| 1999 | 1 396 | 61 | 17 | 44 | 43.6 | 12.0 | 31.6 | 5.87 | 64.5 | 56.82 |
| 2000 | 1 438 | 62 | 17 | 45 | 43.1 | 11.8 | 31.3 | 5.80 | 62.1 | 56.94 |
| 2001 | 1 479 | 64 | 17 | 46 | 42.9 | 11.7 | 31.2 | 5.75 | 60.1 | 57.04 |
| 2002 | 1 522 | 65 | 18 | 47 | 42.5 | 11.6 | 30.9 | 5.73 | 58.1 | 57.08 |
| 2003 | 1 566 | 66 | 18 | 49 | 42.3 | 11.2 | 31.0 | 5.70 | 56.1 | 57.59 |
| 2004 | 1 612 | 68 | 18 | 51 | 42.2 | 10.8 | 31.4 | 5.71 | 54.2 | 58.09 |
| 2005 | 1 660 | 70 | 18 | 53 | 42.1 | 10.6 | 31.6 | 5.72 | 52.4 | 58.39 |
| 2006 | 1 711 | 73 | 17 | 55 | 42.4 | 10.1 | 32.2 | 5.76 | 50.5 | 59.06 |
| 2007 | 1 765 | 74 | 17 | 57 | 42.1 | 9.9 | 32.2 | 5.73 | 48.7 | 59.39 |
| 2008 | 1 821 | 76 | 17 | 59 | 41.8 | 9.4 | 32.3 | 5.71 | 47.0 | 60.08 |
| 2009 | 1 878 | 78 | 17 | 61 | 41.5 | 9.2 | 32.3 | 5.69 | 45.4 | 60.43 |
| 2010 | 1 937 | 80 | 17 | 62 | 41.1 | 8.9 | 32.1 | 5.67 | 43.9 | 60.72 |
| 2011 | 1 998 | 81 | 17 | 64 | 40.7 | 8.5 | 32.2 | 5.64 | 42.3 | 61.53 |
| 2012 | 2 061 | 83 | 17 | 66 | 40.1 | 8.2 | 32.0 | 5.59 | 40.9 | 62.10 |
| 2013 | 2 125 | 84 | 17 | 67 | 39.4 | 8.1 | 31.3 | 5.51 | 39.5 | 62.11 |
| 2014 | 2 189 | 84 | 17 | 67 | 38.5 | 7.9 | 30.6 | 5.42 | 38.2 | 62.27 |
| 2015 | 2 253 | 85 | 17 | 67 | 37.6 | 7.7 | 29.8 | 5.31 | 36.9 | 62.49 |
| 2016 | 2 317 | 85 | 17 | 68 | 36.6 | 7.5 | 29.1 | 5.20 | 35.7 | 63.01 |
| 2017 | 2 381 | 85 | 18 | 68 | 35.7 | 7.4 | 28.3 | 5.09 | 34.5 | 63.00 |
| 2018 | 2 445 | 85 | 18 | 68 | 34.9 | 7.3 | 27.6 | 4.97 | 33.4 | 63.04 |
| 2019 | 2 509 | 86 | 18 | 69 | 34.3 | 7.0 | 27.3 | 4.87 | 32.4 | 63.76 |
| 2020 | 2 574 | 87 | 19 | 68 | 33.7 | 7.4 | 26.3 | 4.78 | 31.4 | 62.61 |
| 2021 | 2 640 | 88 | 20 | 68 | 33.3 | 7.5 | 25.7 | 4.68 | 30.5 | 62.08 |

### Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys)

Sources:

Fertility Rate TFR (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):

| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2013 | 40.5 | 5.6 (4.7) | 37.7 | 4.7 (4.1) | 43.4 | 6.8 (5.6) |
| 2019-20 | 34.4 | 4.4 (4.0) | 32.5 | 3.9 (3.6) | 38.9 | 5.9 (5.3) |

Structure of the population (DHS 2013) (males 23,904, females 25,649, total 49,553) :

| Age Group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
| - | - | - | - |
| 0–4 | 18.5 | 16.4 | 17.4 |
| 5–9 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 15.9 |
| 10–14 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 12.6 |
| 15–19 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.3 |
| 20–24 | 8.5 | 9.1 | 8.8 |
| 25–29 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 7.4 |
| 30–34 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 |
| 35–39 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.6 |
| 40–44 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
| 45–49 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.6 |
| 50–54 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 3.1 |
| 55–59 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.7 |
| 60–64 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 |
| 65–69 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 70–74 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| 75–79 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| 80+ | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
| Age group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
| 0–14 | 47.9 | 44.2 | 45.9 |
| 15–64 | 48.1 | 52.2 | 50.3 |
| 65+ | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.8 |

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (30.XII.2015) (Source: Integrated Household Survey (IHS) 2015/2016.):

| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 915 357 | 1 007 593 | 1 922 950 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 155 654 | 155 502 | 311 156 | 16.18 |
| 5–9 | 150 122 | 147 966 | 298 089 | 15.50 |
| 10–14 | 115 261 | 113 727 | 228 988 | 11.91 |
| 15–19 | 87 274 | 111 093 | 198 367 | 10.32 |
| 20–24 | 76 050 | 104 429 | 180 479 | 9.39 |
| 25–29 | 62 431 | 89 237 | 151 669 | 7.89 |
| 30–34 | 57 532 | 70 222 | 127 754 | 6.64 |
| 35–39 | 49 913 | 59 248 | 109 161 | 5.68 |
| 40–44 | 39 032 | 42 666 | 81 698 | 4.25 |
| 45–49 | 32 235 | 29 522 | 61 757 | 3.21 |
| 50–54 | 27 286 | 25 441 | 52 727 | 2.74 |
| 55–59 | 18 075 | 17 685 | 35 759 | 1.86 |
| 60–64 | 16 034 | 14 121 | 30 155 | 1.57 |
| 65+ | 28 457 | 26 734 | 55 191 | 2.87 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 421 037 | 417 195 | 838 232 | 43.59 |
| 15–64 | 465 863 | 563 664 | 1 029 527 | 53.54 |
| 65+ | 28 457 | 26 734 | 55 191 | 2.87 |

Fertility data as of 2019-20 (DHS Program):

| Local Government Area | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49 |
| - | - | - | - |
| Banjul | 3.1 | 5.3 | 4.2 |
| Kanifing | 3.3 | 5.7 | 4.5 |
| Brikama | 4.1 | 6.9 | 5.7 |
| Mansakonko | 5.4 | 9.7 | 7.1 |
| Kerewan | 5.4 | 8.2 | 6.9 |
| Kuntaur | 6.4 | 11.9 | 7.2 |
| Janjanbureh | 5.7 | 8.7 | 7.0 |
| Basse | 5.7 | 9.6 | 6.5 |

### Life expectancy

| Period | Life expectancy in Years |
| - | - |
| 1950–1955 | 30.24 |
| 1955–1960 | 31.52 |
| 1960–1965 | 32.79 |
| 1965–1970 | 35.78 |
| 1970–1975 | 40.04 |
| 1975–1980 | 44.21 |
| 1980–1985 | 48.20 |
| 1985–1990 | 51.33 |
| 1990–1995 | 52.85 |
| 1995–2000 | 54.91 |
| 2000–2005 | 56.92 |
| 2005–2010 | 58.83 |
| 2010–2015 | 60.31 |

## Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.

* One birth every 6 minutes
* One death every 29 minutes
* One net migrant every 180 minutes
* Net gain of one person every 7 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.

### Population

    2,413,403 (2022 est.)
    2,092,731 (July 2018 est.)

### Religions

    Muslim 96.4%, Christian 3.5%, other or none 0.1% (2019-20 est.)

### Age structure

    0-14 years: 35.15% (male 391,993/female 388,816)
    15-24 years: 20.12% (male 221,519/female 225,414)
    25-54 years: 36.39% (male 396,261/female 412,122)
    55-64 years: 4.53% (male 48,032/female 52,538)
    65 years and over: 3.81% (male 38,805/female 45,801) (2021 est.)
    0-14 years: 36.97% (male 388,615 /female 385,172)
    15-24 years: 20.31% (male 210,217 /female 214,807)
    25-54 years: 34.9% (male 357,934 /female 372,428)
    55-64 years: 4.26% (male 42,655 /female 46,591)
    65 years and over: 3.55% (male 34,328 /female 39,984) (2018 est.)
    Elderly Gambian woman, January 2008, The Gambia.

### Birth rate

    28.78 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 32nd
    28.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 43rd

### Death rate

    5.81 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 167th
    6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 132nd

### Total fertility rate

    3.79 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 32nd
    3.42 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 44th

### Median age

    total: 21.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 182nd
    male: 21.5 years
    female: 22.2 years (2020 est.)
    total: 21.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 184th
    male: 20.9 years
    female: 21.6 years (2018 est.)

### Population growth rate

    2.29% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 33rd
    1.99% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 48th

### Mother's mean age at first birth

    20.7 years (2019/20 est.)
    note: median age at first birth among women 25-49
    20.9 years (2013 est.)
    note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

### Contraceptive prevalence rate

    16.8% (2018)
    note: percent of women aged 15-49
    9% (2013)

### Net migration rate

    -0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 99th
    -1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 158th

### Dependency ratios

    total dependency ratio: 92.3 (2015 est.)
    youth dependency ratio: 87.8 (2015 est.)
    elderly dependency ratio: 4.5 (2015 est.)
    potential support ratio: 22.3 (2015 est.)

### Urbanization

    urban population: 63.9% of total population (2022)
    rate of urbanization: 3.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
    urban population: 61.3% of total population (2018)
    rate of urbanization: 4.07% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

### Life expectancy at birth

    total population: 67.6 years. Country comparison to the world: 188th
    male: 65.83 years
    female: 69.41 years (2022 est.)
    total population: 65.4 years (2018 est.)
    male: 63 years (2018 est.)
    female: 67.8 years (2018 est.)

### Education expenditures

    2.9% of GDP (2019) Country comparison to the world: 154th

### Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

    total population: 50.8%
    male: 61.8%
    female: 41.6% (2015)

### School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

    total: 9 years (2010)
    male: 9 years (2010)
    female: 9 years (2010)

### Major infectious diseases

    degree of risk: very high (2020)
    food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
    vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
    water contact diseases: schistosomiasis
    animal contact diseases: rabies
    respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; The Gambia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

### Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

    total: 25.8%
    male: 21%
    female: 32.3% (2018 est.)
