List of birds of Everglades National Park
# List of birds of Everglades National Park

This is a comprehensive listing of the bird species recorded in Everglades National Park, which is in the U.S. state of Florida. This list is based on one published by the National Park Service (NPS) dated June 21, 2022.

Of the 375 species included here, 13 have been introduced to North America, three have been extirpated, and one is extinct. Unless otherwise noted, introduced species which do not have established populations in Florida are not included.

This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.

The following tags have been used to annotate some species:

* (I) Introduced - a species that has been introduced to North America by the actions of humans, either directly or indirectly
* (e) Extirpated - a species that is no longer in Florida, but exists elsewhere
* (E) Extinct - a recent species that no longer exists

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

* Black-bellied whistling-duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis
* Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor
* Snow goose, Anser caerulescens
* Brant, Branta bernicla
* Canada goose, Branta canadensis
* Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiaca (I)
* Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata (I)
* Wood duck, Aix sponsa
* Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors
* Cinnamon teal, Spatula cyanoptera
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
* Gadwall, Mareca strepera
* Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
* American wigeon, Mareca americana
* Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
* American black duck, Anas rubripes
* Mottled duck, Anas fulvigula
* White-cheeked pintail, Anas bahamensis
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal, Anas crecca carolinensis
* Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
* Redhead, Aythya americana
* Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris
* Greater scaup, Aythya marila
* Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis
* Common eider, Somateria mollissima
* Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata
* White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi
* Black scoter, Melanitta americana
* Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
* Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
* Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
* Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus
* Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
* Masked duck, Nomonyx dominicus
* Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis

## New World quail

Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

* Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae is the family containing the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial birds, variable in size but generally plump, with broad, relatively short wings. Many are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

* Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo
* Common peafowl, Pavo cristatus (I)

## Flamingoes

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingoes are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

* American flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

* Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
* Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
* Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
* Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

* Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
* White-crowned pigeon, Patagioenas leucocephala
* Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto (I)
* Common ground dove, Columbina passerina
* Key West quail-dove, Geotrygon chrysia
* White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica
* Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita
* Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

* Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani
* Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris
* Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
* Mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor
* Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves.

* Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis
* Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
* Antillean nighthawk, Chordeiles gundlachii
* Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis
* Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus

## Swifts

Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds, spending most of their lives flying. They have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have very long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

* Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica

## Hummingbirds

Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

* Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris
* Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae

The Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive, making them difficult to observe. Most have strong legs with long toes, short rounded wings, and are weak fliers.

* Clapper rail, Rallus crepitans
* King rail, Rallus elegans
* Virginia rail, Rallus limicola
* Sora, Porzana carolina
* Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
* American coot, Fulica americana
* Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus
* Gray-headed swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio (I)
* Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis
* Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis

## Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes Family: Aramidae

The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail, but is skeletally closer to the cranes. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean, South America, and southern Florida.

* Limpkin, Aramus guarauna

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, tall birds with long legs and long necks. Unlike the similar-looking but un-related herons, cranes fly with necks extended. Most have elaborate and noisy courtship displays or "dances". When in a group, they may also "dance" for no particular reason, jumping up and down in an elegant manner, seemingly just for pleasure or to attract a mate.

* Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

* Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
* American avocet, Recurvirostra americana

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, conspicuous and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

* American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are generally found in open country, mostly in habitats near water.

* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* American golden-plover, Pluviali dominicas
* Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
* Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
* Piping plover, Charadrius melodus
* Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia
* Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds which includes the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. Most eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or sand. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

* Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
* Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica
* Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Red knot, Calidris canutus
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (A)
* Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Dunlin, Calidris alpina
* Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
* Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
* White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
* Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla
* Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri
* Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus
* Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
* Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata
* American woodcock, Scolopax minor
* Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius
* Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
* Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
* Willet, Tringa semipalmata
* Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
* Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae

Skuas and jaegers are medium to large seabirds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae

The Laridae are a family of medium to large seabirds and containing the gulls, terns, kittiwakes, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.

* Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia
* Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan
* Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis
* Herring gull, Larus argentatus
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus
* Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscata
* Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
* Least tern, Sternula antillarum
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
* Black tern, Chlidonias niger
* Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo
* Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri
* Royal tern, Thalasseus maxima
* Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
* Black skimmer, Rynchops niger

## Loons

Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are clumsy on land.

* Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
* Common loon, Gavia immer

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

* Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

* Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united tubular nostrils with a median septum.

* Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis
* Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus
* Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.

* Wood stork, Mycteria americana

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

* Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
* Northern gannet, Morus bassanus

## Anhingas

Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas, also known as darters or snakebirds, are cormorant-like water birds with long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters, diving for long periods, and often swim with only their neck above the water, looking rather like a water snake.

* Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.

* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
* Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum
* Neotropic cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

* American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
* Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are wading birds with long necks and legs. Herons are large and egrets are smaller. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive. Unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills, members of the Ardeidae fly with their necks pulled back into a curve.

* American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
* Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis
* Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Snowy egret, Egretta thula
* Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea
* Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor
* Reddish egret, Egretta rufescens
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Green heron, Butorides virescens
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
* Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae

The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies are elongated, the neck more so, with long legs. The bill is also long, curved downward in the ibises, straight and markedly flattened in the spoonbills.

* White ibis, Eudocimus albus
* Scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber (Probably (I))
* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
* White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi
* Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja

## New World vultures

Order: Cathartiformes Family: Cathartidae

New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. Unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.

* Black vulture, Coragyps atratus
* Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae

Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.

* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey that includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. They have very large, hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

* White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus
* Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus
* Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
* Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius
* Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
* Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii
* Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
* Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis
* Snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis
* Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus
* Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
* Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus
* Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni
* Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
* Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

* Barn owl, Tyto alba

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

* Eastern screech-owl, Megascops asio
* Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
* Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia
* Barred owl, Strix varia
* Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

* Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

* Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
* Red-bellied woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus
* Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
* Downy woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens
* Red-cockaded woodpecker, Dryobates borealis (e)
* Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus
* Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus
* Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus
* Ivory-billed woodpecker, Campephilus principalis

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae

The Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey containing the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

* Crested caracara, Caracara plancus
* American kestrel, Falco sparverius
* Merlin, Falco columbarius
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

## New World and African parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.

* Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis (E)
* Monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus (I)

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae

Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

* Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus (I) (e) ("Disestablished" per the FOSRC)

## Tyrant flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerines which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

* Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus
* Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus
* La Sagra's flycatcher, Myiarchus sagrae
* Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus
* Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis
* Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus
* Gray kingbird, Tyrannus dominicensis
* Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus
* Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana
* Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens
* Cuban pewee, Contopus caribaeus
* Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris
* Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens
* Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum
* Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii
* Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
* Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe
* Say's phoebe, Sayornis saya
* Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus

## Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerines restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood-warblers apart from their heavier bills.

* White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus
* Thick-billed vireo, Vireo crassirostris
* Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii
* Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons
* Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
* Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus
* Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus
* Black-whiskered vireo, Vireo altiloquus

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerines known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical a bird of prey.

* Loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

* Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata
* American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos
* Fish crow, Corvus ossifragus

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

* Tufted titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

* Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partly joined at the base.

* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
* Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
* Bahama swallow, Tachycineta cyaneovirdis
* Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
* Purple martin, Progne subis
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
* Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva

## Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae

The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.

* Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula

## Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

* Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

## Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike most other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.

* Brown-headed nuthatch, Sitta pusilla

## Gnatcatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae

The family Polioptilidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds containing the gnatcatchers and gnatwrens.

* Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea

## Wrens

Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

* Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus
* House wren, Troglodytes aedon
* Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis
* Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris

## Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. They are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.

* Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis
* Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum
* Bahama mockingbird, Mimus gundlachii
* Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Their plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

* European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)
* Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

* Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
* Mountain bluebird, Sialia currucoides
* Veery, Catharus fuscescens
* Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus
* Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
* Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
* Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina
* American robin, Turdus migratorius

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae

The Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing.

* Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

* American pipit, Anthus rubescens

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerines. They are small to moderately large and have strong, usually conical and sometimes very large, beaks. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. They have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

* House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus
* Pine siskin, Spinus pinus
* American goldfinch, Spinus tristis

## Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that were traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

* Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus

## New World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

* Bachman's sparrow, Peucaea aestivalis
* Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum
* Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus
* Lark bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys
* Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
* Clay-colored sparrow, Spizella pallida
* Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla
* Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
* White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
* White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
* Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus
* LeConte's sparrow, Ammospiza leconteii
* Seaside sparrow, Ammospiza maritima
* Nelson's sparrow, Ammospiza nelsoni
* Saltmarsh sparrow, Ammospiza caudacuta
* Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
* Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia
* Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
* Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana
* Eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus

## Spindalises

Order: Passeriformes Family: Spindalidae

The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. One species occurs fairly frequently in Florida.

* Western spindalis, Spindalis zena

## Yellow-breasted chat

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

* Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens

## Troupials and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerines restricted to the New World, including the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

* Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
* Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
* Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna
* Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius
* Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii
* Spot-breasted oriole, Icterus pectoralis (I)
* Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula
* Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus
* Shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis
* Bronzed cowbird, Molothrus aeneus
* Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater
* Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus
* Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus
* Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula
* Boat-tailed grackle, Quiscalus major

## New World warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerines restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

* Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla
* Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorum
* Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla
* Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
* Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera
* Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera
* Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
* Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea
* Swainson's warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii
* Tennessee warbler, Leiothlypis peregrina
* Orange-crowned warbler, Leiothlypis celata
* Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla
* Connecticut warbler, Oporornis agilis
* Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia
* Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa
* Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas
* Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina
* American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
* Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina
* Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea
* Northern parula, Setophaga americana
* Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia
* Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea
* Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
* Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
* Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
* Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata
* Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens
* Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum
* Pine warbler, Setophaga pinus
* Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
* Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica
* Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor
* Black-throated gray warbler, Setophaga nigrescens
* Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens
* Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis
* Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla

## Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

* Summer tanager, Piranga rubra
* Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea
* Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
* Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis
* Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
* Black-headed grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus
* Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea
* Lazuli bunting, Passerina amoena
* Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
* Painted bunting, Passerina ciris
* Dickcissel, Spiza americana

## Tanagers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.

* Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola
* Yellow-faced grassquit, Tiaris olivaceus
* Black-faced grassquit, Melanospiza bicolor
