Duna–Pogaya languages
# Duna–Pogaya languages

The Duna–Pogaya (Duna–Bogaia) languages are a proposed small family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Voorhoeve (1975), Ross (2005) and Usher (2018), consisting of two languages, Duna and Bogaya, which in turn form a branch of the larger Trans–New Guinea family. Glottolog, which is based largely on Usher, however finds the connections between the two languages to be tenuous, and the connection to TNG unconvincing.

## Language contact

Duna has had significant influence on Bogaya due to the socioeconomic dominance of Duna speakers over the less populous, less influential Bogaya speakers. Duna also has much more influence from Huli (a widely spoken Trans-New Guinea language) at 27–32 percent lexical similarity with Huli, while Duna has only 5-10 percent.

## Pronouns

Pronouns are:

    sgdupl 1 *nó*ge-na*i-nu 2 *gó 3 *kó*ki-nu

## Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), Shaw (1973), and Shaw (1986), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:

    glossBogayaDuna head yeľʌ; yelakuni hair heepi; yeľʌ eľikahini ear hona; hɔnʌnkɔhane; konane eye kina; kiːnʌnle nose kuuma; pfouľukuma tooth yagai; yʌkʌine; nee tongue iki; ɩkinogone; ɔgɔne leg yehei; yehʌitia louse fando; fiľʌtete dog ɔv̧ɔpi; yauyawi pig ʌpʌnisa bird aka; pitʌkʌheka egg oondi; pitʌkʌ ɔ̃udihapa blood sokoya; yesʌkuyila bone hakale; hʌv̧ʌľekuni skin hugwa; hukuʌnpulu breast alu; ʌľuabu; adu; amu tree dowa; tɔuʌlowa; lɔwa man ami; ʌmĩanoa; anɔa woman ĩmiʌ; imyaima sun owa; ɔwahewa moon kaiyuu; kʌiueke water paiyuku; pʌiukuyu fire dowada; tɔunlɔwa kiliana; lowa puru stone haana; hʌnʌkana; kuna name ʌmĩn; yagayaka eat nã; nosiinai-; neyana one mɔsʌ kɔmʌ; mosodu two efʌn; yeefayapa

## Evolution

Duna reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:

* amu ‘breast’ < *amu
* konane ‘ear’ < *kand(e,i)k(V]
* kuni ‘bone’ < *kondaC
