For the Union

rHE QUALIFIED vETo.-NO. ..
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THR QUALIFIED vETo.--NO. O.


lns lssmss letter, have stated the provision OF
A. o5nsutauon u the United States, giving 10 the
Ps..tsas . participation IN the legislation Of the
c1srsss ~ Fsqaifins his approval OF in cases OF
= Isappsosal' psqairiag rseonslderation and the
sss.rs 81 otil ~ concurrence Of two-thirds OF
= ss,..ts snd House of Representative.
shag saaeator " rssts distinctly the considers
aos y ssPpou q that psovi.lon In the eonstitu-


S.ass.l sos.s'y saa politieal government are dis
- fhs iosmsf psoeseds from the yirIuous feel
a. u uaakind rAe latter y a consequence Of the
sstetus-s q msa. soeisty 10 positive blessing.


uiis1ai gssesa@sat IN lta best fom, is an evil;
80 usess-ary ssa. rendered Indispensable to re-


r.n ths baa psssiota " protect the weak from tho
sasg. ,hs assk snd srsless from the wrongs and
gpf,a.srns q M eaanins and violent II men
ss,s - 'aeonspt e. sns.is. political government
80 hoH Ne rams ~ ne bowers Of PARADISE
Ahhoarh as es.ars u me people Ia sabmitting
tsassisss - Pelatica government has been 10 se-
80 thsmssitss .aGeinsi ~roaKs aud OppFessions
~ - nsiiSs stef agresd yslaatafily 10 submit
go hsss ssd lsboss % oapriooua despotic viii }
~ histefy sarhes tbai enormous wrongs and op-
fsss.sas hass essa pfasassd by governments on
80 ssu sstjsess, uul.l tAsy have been brought TO
t1sa se.kae@s, mssry, and bassne-s, AZ 10 have
usatsT sfsagth ses courage 10 oonlsad for any
anf aad nsihing IN ~orlk defending.


wsss '.agh' ~ history and szPcrisnes these
Ts.sdns


Thai su,sfaasus spparsIdy ~sli-eonslraelsd, in
lsf bsTianiag, &c ssesnag be, lbsFSy, and prop
~, ka1, n thsir pfugtes., aocamuiated power and
5fns, shhsl ths sa5stanos Of freedom was destoy-
ma De legislative po~sf N every government is
hs most sHtsnsIvs, the nsost dlficut 10 eircum-
frfbs, 10 EeTy hsisrs arbitfafy IA a great de-
srcs, whieh may b used Coz good os Be abused for
syl. and ths souFos from which the creates, mis-
shisis " ne ps0Pis usaaily aoSi


Thai ths ifalliy u human nature is such, that a
rtnsra prsssmPtOn TIA, sgisiaiors Nil enact none
W. ~tss sna Sholesome lass eOndaeing 70 the gea-
sn welfare, . not 10 h. relssd on as a safeienl So
caniy 10 shs people,


T6at Eos.rniasn, of unlimited powers, without
alga ,aeraa," obgaiofy uPon the rulers As ssli a.
ths people, without a magma chaTta, ~tth0at con-
,iilgton 10 set limits % The government, without
excepting eer,ain powers out Of the general power
Of sgsston, withou, declaring osrtAln great Prin-
. dples and reservations not 10 be violated, and 10
xhleh The people may appeal Zoe protection n their
r1lsfs uansgress s no, 70 be trusted 10 any set Of
msn,


That the legislative department is prone 10 intruds
upon and absorb the powers Of the other depart
msns of the government, as also % assume powers
rot delegated 10 any department, nor TO the govern.
msni but excepted and reserved


That the possession Of thOse powers, necessarily
hs eOnhded 10 the legislative department, heges,
men exercising those powers, an avaree for other
powers not conhded.


That legislative bodies are liable TO fictitious ma
ontes, uaIed by selfish considerations, concerted
+ BY partial and local interests, influenced by the
spirit Of the corps, d,rccted by the personal ambi
lion Of bold leader, who, under such influences
and dIctauon, legslaie In utter disregard Of the
rights Of the majority, practising upon the maxim
"numsls dsttndii;n


That the legislative power, although IN It's natur,
arbitrary power subject TO be exercised accord
ing TO the judgments Of men, who by nature fral
must Of necessity be lodged somewhere in all gov
tnments.


The difference, therefore, between good and bad
| forms OF government consists in this; that those
which are well constituted place the legislative pow
sr Il may be exercised benehcally TO the Peo-
pie, and set such rules upon il hardly to be
uansgressed; whilst those which are ll-eonsiituted
are defective IN one or both Of those precautions.


But multiplied examples have given a solemn
warning that mere dellneatlons upon parchments Of
the boundaries between the powers ntrusted TO the
government and those powers not delegated, but re-
served or excepted, and between those distributed
among the several departments, 10 be exercised by
each respectively, not OF themselves sufficient TO
restrain the Legislative department within the pre-
seribed limits.


In the Judiciary departments Of government few
men are employed; very few Offices or pl,ces o;
honor or profit are within their gift, and those
Immediately connected with the administration OF
justice. The Judiciary may be said to act only by q
moral power. The people have no cause to be
Jealous Of this department, but great cause TO look
TO it with reverence as among the most effieien'
means of eonhning the other two departments with
their proper limits and of redressing wrongs and
| grievances.


Where the chief executive magistracy is carefully


limited in the duration of Office, and in the extent o


its powers, the other departments may be relied on,
lin the ordinary action of the government,) as sufh
cient checks against dangerous assumptions ol
power by the executive department.


But in representative republic, where the egis
atve power is exercised by an assembly sufficient
ly numerous to feel the passions which influence
/ multitude, which is inspired by confidence in III
own numbers and influence over the people, ye
not numerous to be incapable Of pursuing the
| objects Of heated majority Of its own body
VT is against the enterprsing ambition OF this de-
partment that the people ought to indulge all thei
jealousy, and exhaust all their precautions"
The great desire in constructing government II
10 order its powers as to give II sufficient strength
to accomplish the beneficial purposes of government
and TO order its component parts as to oblge the
government to observe proper self-conrol.
To define and limit the powers delegated; tc
make tne line uIsufct DetWeen inc powers cohHutt
and those excepted and reserved to provide barrier
against the intrusons Of of the departments upor
the powers assigned to the others, and against h
combined action of the whole to overreach AM
efface the boundaries, are problems which hav
engaged the attention of patriots deeply read II
+ history and the science of government. They wer
subjects about which the convention who framed tn
federal constitution were solictous, and anxiousl,
delberaed. The occasion was momentous; ih'
scene attracted the attention Of Christendom; tn
experiment was Of exceeding great consequence.
measured by space, it reached Immediately through
out the United States and their territories, and
medatey, throughout the habtable globe lfmeas
ured by time, il extended not only to that thel
present, but to future generations, set mali natorum
It qui nascsnir ab ills" The fairest hopes o
human happiness hung on the success Of the ex
pertinent. Tyrants feared that happy success
would totter their thrones and wrest their sceptre
from their hands; whilst those who longed 70
liberty and happiness anxiously gazed for an ex
ample worthy of their imitation. The time wa
suspicious. The famous and successful resistance
of John Hampden to the usage Of levying ship
money by an assumed arbitrary power; the treats
Of Algernon Sydney on government; the writings o
"A r.. a IL. A.