FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

[FrOm our regular correspondent
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dressing you, and yet l cannot suffer the Great
| Western 10 sail from Liverpool without ehronlcling
a few events, and discussing few rumors. The
most important event, as observed IN my last, is
the late Polish revolution IN its immediate conse-
quences on the governments of Russia, Prussia,
| and Austria, and more remotely ON France and
England, perhaps ourselves.


II il well known that at the Congress of Vienna
the question was seriously debated what course the
allied powers were 10 pursue in regard TO the United
States The disposition TO tread out every spark
of liberty, wherever found, existed strongly IN the
hearts and minds Of that memorable assembly; but
England was exhausted by her many sacrifices, and
disposed for peace. But this did not prevent the
allied powers from taking a strong interest IN the
affairs Of the New World, and the question OF
armed interference with Mexico and the South
American republics, came again before the Con-
gress Of Verona. England seeded from that Con-
gress and recognised the independence OF the States
which had just rendered themselves independent
of Spain. From that period the three northern
powers-Russia, Prussia, and Austria-pursued
a separate policy, II not opposed, at least not par
alel to that of England; while France, under the
elder branch Of the Bourbons, vsiby graytated to-
wards Austria. The armed interference OF 1924
in Spain the crowning work OF the Aus
trian-F rench alliance. England was comparatively
isolated. The revolution Of July, $780, changed
again the relations Of Europe. France received a
liberal impetus which was shared by all western
Europe; the reform bill was carried in England
Spain and Portugal partially reyolutionzed and the
quadruple alliance concluded between the four pow
ers Of Great Britain, Francs, Spain and Portugal,
as sort Of offensive and defensive arrangement
against the possible hostle position Of "the holy al


lance" between Russia Austria, and Prussia. IL Is
| believed by many, though not by your humble cor
| respondent that IL was the revolution Of Poland
which, towards the end Of 1880 and during the year
1881, saved France from an invasion OF the northern
| L =. q. 49, al
eession Of Louis Philippe, again separated from,
and thrown into a hostile attitude regards her
continental nelghbors In spite Of the great wisdom
Of the new French monarch, he was looked upon ss
the representative Of the revolution IN spite Of his
sincere desire to preserve peace, he was, by the IN


ernal policy Of the nation, forced into warke meas
ures The safety Of France seemed at that moment
either TO depend on general European war, or an
alliance with Great Britain, which would stop the
supplies and render such war impossible. The
able French monarch chose the latter the cheaper
and least dangerous Of the two and success thus far
has crowned his endeayors.


The alliance between France and England, the
eondo sine qua Of the status quo in Europe nat
urally weakened the ties which existed between our
political godfather and ourselves; but the real inter-
ests which France has IN the continued friendship
with the United States have not been changed, and
the affections Of the French people for ourselves
and our cause are as strong ever. The French
English alliance mas no historical anu no
historical feature. Ii Is the creature OF clrcum-
stances, and will last only as long as the causes
which brought II into existence continue Any
event. therefore, which renders II less necessary to
the safety Of the Orleans dynasty-that is, any event
which secures the continuance Of that dynasty with
out the cooperation of England-must have the ef
feet Of weakening it, and this, am about to show,
applies TO the changes which the last Polish revou-
ton is most likely to introduce IN the system Of Eu
ropean cabinets.


For the last ten or fifteen years Russia has vis-
bly Withdrawn from the communion Of Austria and
Prussia, and pursued her own policy in the East,
and in regard TO her industry and commerce. She
surrounded herself with line Of custom-bouses,
and completely put stop to the Prussisn trade in
the Baltic, which constituted the wealth OF the east


ern provinces Of the kingdom. In regard to Tur-
key, Greece, and the principalities on the Danube
her policy was Russian, and nothing else; and the
standard Of Sclavonian nationality and the Greek
church raised without reference TO the courts Of
Vienna or Berlin. IL was Russia, properly speak
ing which first separated from the holy alliance
the Russian empire being sufficiently large to be
guided by its own interests, and sufficiently power
ful to maintain them. Thus Russif. though one Of
the powers represented at the London Conferences
and at the same time sgner Of the protocol which
decided the fate Of Belgium, never accredited min
lster to that power and confined herself regards
the new dynasty OF France, to the indispensa-
BILE requisites Of the barest diplomatic civiities.


The friendship between Austria and Russia cooled
off at the same rapid rate; Austria being every day
made to feel the preponderance Of Russia, and hav


ing nothing but passive resistance to oppose to the
active encroachments Of the Russian panslavism


Austria though an empire of forty-eight millions of
inhabitants, is, from her peculiar position and com.
position, the weakest of the five great powers of
Europe, and not nearly as strong Prussia with


her fifteen millions, backed by the intelligence,
and assisted in Of need, by twenty mil
L r II
| the aspirations Of Germany for an independent ma
tonal existence futile if Prussia does not take


the lead in public affairs, alone sufices to lend to


the fate Of Prussia interest which the mere dy-
nasty Of Austria is incapable of inspiring Austria
has lost her momentum; while England, Russia,
| France, and Prussia are in state of continued


progress less mighty than own, but still sufi-


Gent to distinctly mark historical epochs. Austria
| resembles old man, who may still live many


years. provided he will avoid excesses lead a sober
/ life, be abstemious in his Diet retire early to bed


and keep his temper unrufled. Some old men there


are who cannot afford to change their habits of life


even for the BETTER lest the change might affect their


already worn constitution, and produce crisis
| fatal TO their existence. Such is the condition


of Austria and for this the steady progress
of Europe inspired her with suspicion and fear.
| Austria was scarcely able to master the different
| nationates Of her own Provinces much less could
| she hope to cope with Russia. She therefore lat
| terly auempleu 10 TeFiVc OF tne Cer-


mans for their ancient house Of emperors, availing


herself skilfully of every mistake of Prussia, her
| German rival and deriving the greatest advantage


from the religious feuds in which the king of Prus-


sia suffered himself to be entanged Austria had no


positive policy to pursue, and was determined, there


FORE make the most Of the faults of her secret or


open adversaries. Thus it was particularly in Gal


icia that she opposed the Russian influence and per-


mitted Catholic propaganda to counerac the in
| 1uence of the Greek church. This shrewd and


only policy of Austria has now received its death


blow by the events at Cracovia and Tarnow. The
old man has been forced into eYcesses which wear
upon his constitution, and what is worse, he is


forced to change his regime. .7ustria has armed The


peasants against the nobility, and thereby thrown
down the glove not only to her own mobiles, but to


the whole party in Europe which has thus far sup


ported her. Having made this first step, she is


obliged to follow it up by the emanep patton Of the


peasants throughout her dominions-a step which


will bring her into the line Of civilization Of western


Europe and separate her again from Russia. Al


ready the best relations exist between the courts of
Vienna and the Tuileres, while the German press


seems to have received fresh impulse from some
| unknown hand in favor of union and nationality.