《東吳哲學學報》第三十期 (8, 2014), 35-53 © 東吳大學 What is Said by Metaphor* Hsiu-Lin Ku** Abstract 'What is said' by an utterance, from a traditional truth-conditional view of language, is the uttered sentence's conventionally encoded semantic meaning, and is distinguished from 'what is implicated', such as metaphor, which is understood as a type of speech in which a speaker says one thing but means another. Contextualists challenge this view of metaphor by offering three reasons to maintain that metaphor is classified within 'what is said': first, metaphor involves loose use; second, metaphor is assertoric; and, third, metaphor is at the level of the primary interpretation rather than the secondary one. However, Elizabeth Camp argues against these reasons. The aim of this paper is to examine her arguments and show that they are unsuccessful. Keywords: what is said, metaphor, contextualism, Elizabeth Camp, loose use  Received October 14, 2013; accepted July 4, 2014 Proofreaders: Yi-Chung Chen, Ya-Ting Yang Acknowledgements: An earlier version of this article was read at the Annual Conference of Taiwan Philosophical Association 2011. I would like to thank the commentator, Doctor Linton Wang, for his comment. Special thanks must go to two anonymous referees for Soochow Journal of Philosophical Studies for their constructive comments.  Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Chinese Culture University What is Said by Metaphor 53 隱喻所言* 古 秀 鈴** 摘 要 長久以來語言哲學家或語言學家咸認為隱喻是語用學的範疇,而非語意 學的範疇,隱喻所言頂多是說話者所意圖的內容,像是言外之意,但絕不會 是隱喻語句要表達的內容。而脈絡主義則提出三個理由說明隱喻內容可為語 句要表達的內容:隱喻是種寬鬆的語言使用、隱喻有宣稱性、隱喻是第一層 權勢主要的理解內容。坎普 (2006, 2008) 對此三個理由提出反駁,本文主要 工作即在論證其反駁是不成功的。 關鍵詞:所言、隱喻、脈絡主義、坎普、寬鬆使用  投稿日期:102 年 10 月 14 日。接受刊登日期:103 年 7 月 4 日。責任校對:陳怡仲、 楊雅婷。  中國文化大學哲學系助理教授