&lt;div class=&quot;report-text-surround&quot;&gt;
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		 &lt;td width=&quot;90&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;DOSE:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		 &lt;td width=&quot;90&quot; class=&quot;dosechart-amount&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;25 ug&lt;/td&gt;
		 &lt;td class=&quot;dosechart-method&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;oral&lt;/td&gt;
		 &lt;td class=&quot;dosechart-substance&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/chemicals/lsd/&quot;&gt;LSD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		 
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	&lt;table border=&quot;2&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; bordercolor=&quot;#444455&quot; class=&quot;bodyweight&quot;&gt;
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           &lt;td width=&quot;110&quot; class=&quot;bodyweight-title&quot;&gt;BODY WEIGHT:&lt;/td&gt;
	   &lt;td width=&quot;80&quot; class=&quot;bodyweight-amount&quot;&gt;175 lb&lt;/td&gt;
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Rare LSD Effects
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&lt;!--It was in the ‘70s when many had access to high quality street hallucinogens that could be sampled with more safety from ruination in today’s overstuffed prisons.  --&gt;As always, my LSD sojourns into visionary experiences receiving so much praise by others evaded me.  In the past, absurdity itself dogged my mind/body interpretation of all sorts of experiments that gave others what was expected, from Budweiser to Slivovitz, from Leper Weed to Ecstasy.  Even so,  I was surprised by the unexpected skull crushing sensations on my first LSD trial and the writhing during later trials into floor positions with muscles graced with astonishing energy.   Soon, I learned from Dr. Grof himself, that the alarming skull pressures ascending from the roof of my mouth, moving into the maxilla, climbing across my nasal bone and shearing my forehead in opposite directions was a birth memory of one born by “Twilight Sleep”, an obstetric procedure abandoned thirty years after I was born.  My initial resistance to this interpretation finally gave way to the unmistakable correlation between the LSD memory and what the fetus would feel as the doctor’s first two fingers drag the baby out of the birth canal by the roof of its mouth, producing obvious distortions of the skull in the expected sequence.  This was a real memory, it was resurrected by a very small dose (25ug) of LSD and it happened only once, disappearing totally after several days of exact encores in the form of “flashbacks”.    
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Later trials with higher doses (100-250ug) of the same street lot of LSD produced effects of an entirely different kind, in which a two-minute spike of heart rate, blood pressure and oral temperature was followed by several cycles of twisting into fetal positions with intense flexing of all skeletal muscles.  
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A glorious change came over me in the following two or three days, in which I was highly aware of my surroundings, as if they were new.  This was accompanied by a new state of relaxed movement without any sign of fatigue, reminiscent of the ease in which a lion or leopard walks, confident in ability.   More LSD trials produced the same stages of LSD effect and I reached unaccustomed levels of ability in sports activities.  This blissful state would not occur unless I fully participated in the muscular work during each session. &lt;div class=&quot;pullquote-right1&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pullquote-text&quot;&gt;This blissful state would not occur unless I fully participated in the muscular work during each session.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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What does one make of this?  To a biochemist, the idea that a tiny amount of drug just sufficient to cover the head of a straight pin would elicit an unforgettable nine-hour trip was, to say the least, impressive.  The temptation to account for the birth memory and for the struggles in later trials was irresistible.  A hallucinogen started a process to open a memory site for release of its contents into conscious awareness after &amp;gt;four decades of hiding.   &lt;!--How this could happen is described below with citations for well-documented interactions between the raphe nuclei and their reticular nuclei within the brainstem.   Measurements and observations of the second series of trials conform to observations made routinely in obstetric practice today and represent the first reporting of LSD as a conventional pharmaceutical in an adult.  These neural controls by LSD are equated to those by our natural hallucinogens as factors in human birth, in understanding trauma and in the putative healing role of REM sleep.   As a large body of scientific literature was reviewed, a story began to unfold from the appearance of clues as in a mystery, which are consistent with the hypotheses formed from data on just one individual.  Full documentation of the arguments can be accessed in www.biosublime.com.   Although what follows is in scientific jargon, the “Afterword” page in this website contains the suggestion that all of us use hallucinogens each night in effortless spiritual practice as we sleep.   Here, only a summary of the larger dissertation is presented.
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LSD, Birth, Trauma and REM Sleep:  The Biological Roles of Hallucinogens. 
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 By Bruce McConnell, PhD 
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Abstract and Detailed Summary 
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The Holy Inquisition was correct in disallowing Galileo’s Copernican Heliocentric theory, as it was not a proof, but only an interpretation based on planetary position.
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A tentative model of interactions between specific nuclei within the brainstem is suggested to account for newly perceived biological roles of endogenous hallucinogens in human parturition, in the control of trauma and in REM sleep.    The model and the roles for natural hallucinogens are hypotheses derived from two relatively rare LSD effects that exhibited completely different modalities on the same individual.  As discussed in Part 1 (see www.biosublime.com), the first modality was a conscious re-living of physical sensations unique to a long-abandoned obstetric procedure, called “Twilight Sleep”, in which scopolamine and morphine were employed to induce amnesia and semi-conscious anesthesia for the laboring mother.  This LSD birth memory recall was followed spontaneously by a series of exact encores or “flashbacks” that diminished with time until further recall was not forthcoming.  The properties of these flashbacks suggest a naturally scheduled process of removing noxious memories during REM sleep.
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The second modality of LSD effect, occurring repeatedly in subsequent LSD trials, is presented in Part 2 of www.biosublime.com.  These took the form of effects in three phases during each entire session: 1) A short-lived “spike” of autonomic activation, measured as large simultaneous ßincreases in heart rate, blood pressure and oral temperature, followed by,  2) Pleasurable urges to undertake repeating cycles of prodigiously strong and energetic movements into various body positions the fetus might take during the mother’s labor contractions and 3) a one to three day “recovery” period, remarkable a drastic existential departure from the subject’s normal chronic, anhedonic depression.  This aftereffect appeared as wholesome mental and physical integration with confident and pleasurable relaxation, increased awareness and much higher levels of athletic prowess.  As these three phases were reliably reproduced in many subsequent LSD sessions, it is concluded that LSD acted as a conventional pharmaceutical, in contrast to its present reputation as an unpredictable drug.   The suggestion follows that a pharmacological target was activated by LSD, acting as a surrogate to fetal endogenous hallucinogen(s) during normal birth for activating the secretion of supportive hormones and consolidating fetal memory.  For the subject, it is proposed that the full function of this pharmacological target had been interrupted and remained incomplete as a developmental deficit.  
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These two distinct modalities of LSD effect, i.e., memory recall and fetal activation, are accounted for by the effects of scopolamine at birth and used as prima facie evidence for re-stating these hypotheses in detail as amenable to testing in the laboratory and clinic.  They are as follows:
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Hypothesis1, the Model.   A neuro-molecular model of specific functions within the brainstem accounts for the first result of LSD release of hidden memory and its flashbacks.  According to this model, binding of LSD to the brainstem 5-HT1a receptor inhibits the firing of serotonin neurons to suppress normal activity of raphe (Ra) nuclei.  This process removes normal inhibition of a proximal reticular nucleus (RN) to liberate impulse flow from cerebellar storage into the cerebral cortices that interpret these as re-lived pain.  Called the RaRN model, it is bi-directional:  RN activation opens a memory substrate that can both release or consolidate memory.
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	Evidence: Intense skull sensations, free of psychological components and released from long-term memory by LSD, conformed in precise order to the pain and pressure a fetus would experience from the obstetrician’s efforts made according to the protocol of Twilight sleep.  The pristine physicality of these events suggests subcortical storage.
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     Cited Evidence:  1) The well documented inverse relationship between the activities of raphe nuclei and the reticular formation, 2) The preference of indole hallucinogens for serotonin receptor subtypes, 3) Recent success in PTSD treatment with the use of MDMA, acting (hypothetically) as a 5-HT1a agonist and 4) the relative success of serotonin congeners as re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .
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      Argument: The RaRN model provides a biological definition of “trauma” in the requirement of raphe 5-HT neuron suppression for opening substrates that receive or liberate noxious memory.  Thus, the model clarifies many possible misconceptions in PTSD and hallucinogen therapy pertaining to the persistence of flashbacks, thus far considered to be negative symptoms of “injury”.  Here it is proposed that flashbacks are signs of the organism’s stepwise attempts to resolve or eliminate noxious memory (trauma).
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Hypothesis 2, the Basic Idea.  It is proposed that adult re-living of a birth memory and consolidation of this memory at birth occur from the same RaRN brainstem condition, the former initiated by LSD and the latter involving fetal and/or maternal endogenous hallucinogens (EH).   Both the mother and the fetus are under the influence of the endogenous hallucinogen, identified as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and/or its congeners (DMT+).
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     Evidence:  It was an indole hallucinogen, LSD, that triggered a process of re-living a kind of memory that remained hidden for 45 years.  The proposed similarity of adult and fetal brainstem conditions and the inclusion of DMT+ are based on the continued spontaneous appearance of flashbacks as exact encores of the first recall.
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     Cited evidence:   LSD and endogenous DMT+ are N,N-substituted indole amines that bind strongly as agonists to the inhibitory 5-HT1a and excitatory 5-HT2a (serotonin) receptors; the 2a receptor mediates the powerful hallucinogenic effects in the prefrontal cortex.
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Hypothesis 3, the Pharmacological Target.   During normal parturition a pharmacological process is activated by DMT+ to: 1) stimulate fetal (and maternal) skeletal muscle in support of the mother’s contractions, 2) activate the hypothalamus for secretion of hormones stimulating the fetus, supporting newborn development and supporting the mother.  For the adult subject, LSD acted as a true pharmacological agent, producing these effects as a surrogate to fetal DMT+.
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     Evidence: Subsequent trials with larger doses of LSD began quickly with the onset of autonomic activation, measured as short-lived simultaneous “spikes” in blood pressure, body temperature and heart rate.  After these measurements returned to normal, repeating sequences of (fetal)  body positions began, culminating with prodigious force and energy to dominate the rest of the session.  At the end of each session the “recovery” period was notable for the remarkable and wholesome physical and mental integration in the next two or three days.  Attempts to ignore the energetic urges in the muscular phase led to a &#x27;hangover&#x27; of mental and physical irritability with lowered stamina. 
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     Cited Evidence: 1)Early spikes of the same duration in fetal heart rate are used in contemporary obstetric practice as markers of fetal readiness.  2) Some of these effects mirror similar hormonal and physiological measurements of volunteers injected with DMT (Strassman and Qualis, 1994).  3) These effects, in addition to hallucinations, appear sporadically in cases of serotonin toxicity produced by large amounts of serotonin in the blood.
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Hypothesis 4, Scopolamine.   Used in the subject’s birth, scopolamine accounts for the pristine physicality of memory re-living in the first trial, the repeated fetal activations in the second series and the freedom from PTSD in the decades following birth.  It is proposed that the adult subject as a fetus was seriously hindered in sensing or responding to critical developmental sensory information during his mother’s labor
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     Evidence:  Early LSD effects in of the first trial included the “stoned” feelings of anesthesia and catalepsy.  The pharmacological effect in the second series of trials was notable for the continued repetition of fetal responses in each new LSD session, i.e., the lack of &#x27;resolution&#x27; of LSD-induced fetal activation.
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     Cited Evidence:  1) Scopolamine is a powerful M3 anticholinergic agent that prevents consolidation of new information into memory by the hippocampus.  2) As an anticholinergic it interferes with relay function in the hypothalamus.  3) Scopolamine potentiates catalepsy induced by morphine and hallucinogens as well as morphine anesthesia. 
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Hypothesis 5, Fetal development.  At some critical time during the mother’s contractions, the fetus must receive and store the wholesome sensory feedback associated with its strong muscular efforts.  Born with a scopolamine protocol, the fetus is unable to provide this effort and lacks this supportive memory.  As a newborn, the subject was in some distress, having missed the “recovery” period following the expulsion phase.
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     Evidence:  The “recovery “ period of each LSD session in the second trial series introduced the adult subject to a drastic existential departure from his ordinary life of chronic depression and anhedonic symptoms.  The new experience of relaxed self-confidence, increased overall pleasurable awareness and elevated athletic ability for the following two or three days was totally dependent upon participating fully in the intense muscular work during the entire session.  
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Hypothesis 6, REM Sleep. REM sleep is a nightly process of healing noxious memory by opening memory substrates according to the same RaRN mechanism that operates to produce spontaneous flashbacks.   DMT+ secretion accompanies REM sleep.
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     Evidence:  1) The appearance of flashbacks in the first trial during the time after awakening from a nights (REM) sleep and later at some specific times during the afternoon. 2)Their reflection of memory erasure as a natural spontaneous process.	
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     Cited Evidence: 1) REM sleep exhibits certain key physiological characteristics that are earmarks of hallucinogen inebriation.  2) REM sleep deprivation results in decreases in cognitive ability, irritated behavior and sleep disturbances, which are reversed only by REM sleep &#x27;catch-up&#x27;.  
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    Supporting claims:  1) Resolution of the controversy over the role and origin of REM dreaming by introducing the special character of RaRN-controlled memory.  2) The Crick-Mitchison theory (1983) postulating the same healing role for REM sleep for removing memory traces, in agreement with the previous work of  Gaarder K. (1966) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 14, 253 and Newman EA and Evans CR. (1965) Nature 206, 534.  3) The progression of dream issues reported in the work of Carl Jung and 4) The success of Francine Shapiro’s EMDR therapy.
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Hypothesis 6a, REM depression. Some types of chronic depression are a form of PTSD. 
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    Argument:  Noxious memories remaining unresolved during REM sleep qualify as trauma according to the RaRN definition.
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The full documentation for anatomical and molecular-biological development for these hypotheses has been published in www.biosublime.com. 
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U.S. Copyright application has been made (Registration No. 1-205590251)
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--&gt;&lt;!-- End Body --&gt;
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&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;footdata&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;700&quot;&gt;Exp Year: 1975&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;90&quot;&gt;ExpID: 79486&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Gender: Male&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Age at time of experience: Not Given&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Published: Apr 19, 2018&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Views: 950&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[ &lt;a href=&quot;exp.php?ID=79486&amp;amp;format=pdf&quot; type=&quot;text/pdf&quot;&gt;View as PDF (for printing)&lt;/a&gt; ] [ &lt;a href=&quot;exp_pdf.php?ID=79486&amp;amp;format=latex&quot;&gt;View as LaTeX (for geeks)&lt;/a&gt; ]
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&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;LSD (2) : Unknown Context (20), General (1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;!--  &lt;img src=&quot;/images/new.gif&quot; alt=&quot;May&quot;&gt; --&gt;
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