Definition: In this task, you are given a multiple-choice question about healthcare. Answer the question based on your information and classify your answers into '1', '2', '3', and '4'.
Input: Question: What is the procedure called instrumental conditioning in which the instrumental response eliminates or prevents the occurrence of an aversive stimulus ?: 
 Options:  <1> Positive reinforcement. <2> Punishment. <3> Negative reinforcement. <4> Omission. <5> Extinction.
