Question: which is better to study first: C language or C++? 

Answer: C++ is the better language for doing programming, it is more functional and easier to use.\n\nC is closer to machine language than C++ and C programs will generally be more efficient than C++ programs which is a nonissue for 99.9% of applications and will more than most likely never effect you.\n\nDepending on why you are learning to program, you may want to focus on C++ and never bother to learn C. Even if you someday have need of C you will find that it is really just a slimmed down version of C++ which gives you a few extra ways to screw up your program.\n\nAfter learning to use C++ I would recommend studying java, it is a very modern language which is designed to be reliable and portable and I expect that it will be popular for a very long time.
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