Despite all the pain, economic activity under National remains lower than the levels that were expected had Labour's policies been continued. In September 1990, the Institute of Economic Research forecast the level of economic activity to grow by 4,79 per cent by 1993 under Labour's policies. The combined effects of the Richardson recession resulted in a 'growth' rate of minus 2.1 per cent in National's first year in office.
in favour of efficiency in government/administration, for example by restructuring civil service or improving bureaucracy