Arthur Schopenhauer died in the 1800's.
Arthur Schopenhauer ( [ ˈaɐ̯tʊɐ̯ ˈʃoːpm̩ˌhaʊ̯ɐ ] ; 22 February 1788 -- 21 September 1860 ) was a German philosopher . He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation ( expanded in 1844 ) , wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will . His writing on aesthetics , morality , and psychology would exert important influence on thinkers and artists throughout the 19th and 20th centuries .