[operation] examine last element [Ada] Last_Element [Java] peekLast [Perl] $array[-1] [PHP] end [Python] [-1] [Ruby] last [JavaScript] [.length - 1] [C++] 
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p u s h _ b a c k
p u s h _ f r o n t
p o p _ b a c k
p o p _ f r o n t
b a c k
f r o n t