Decisions to hospitalize and operate: a socioeconomic perspective in an urban state. Rates of hospital discharges for selected surgical procedures and some medical conditions were compared by socioeconomic status (SES) of patients for all 1972 hospital discharges from the 13 voluntary general hospitals located in Rhode Island. Socioeconomic status was determined by scoring the census tract of patient residence with such variables as median family income, housing status, etc. Many frequently performed surgical procedures had similar rates for the high, middle, low, and poverty socioeconomic groups. Procedures performed more frequently on the poverty than on the high SES group were tonsillectomy and upper gastrointestinal, heart, hemorrhoid, and cataract procedures. Dental procedures were performed more frequently on the high SES group. The over-all rate of hospital admissions showed a steady decline from the rate of 156 per 1,000 for the poverty census tracts to 104 for the high SES census tracts. This trend was reflected in the admission rates for several conditions requiring primary medical management, such as infections, diabetes, and skin problems. The population-based frame of reference used in this study can be a useful tool for raising pertinent questions for both professional standards review organizations and health planning groups.


Inadvertent femoral artery "stripping": surgical management. Following "vein stripping" for varicosities, two patients were referred to our service for evaluation of arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities. Both patients had had surgical interruption of the femoral arterial system which required reconstruction. This paper emphasizes the importance of understanding surgical anatomy and presents the techniques of successful surgical management of both cases.


Eosinophilic infiltration of duodenum and pancreatic head: report of a case studied arteriographically. A case of tumorlike eosinophilic infiltration of the duodenum and pancreas is reported. Arteriography and hypotonic duodenography indicated a large lesion involving both the pancreatic head and the second portion of the duodenum without encasement or obstruction of the intrinsic vasculature. This is the first reported use of angiography in this condition. The combination of findings described should suggest a benign infiltrative process.


Substernal goiter with superior vena caval obstruction. Substernal goiter with vena caval obstruction remains an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Since 85 to 90 percent of superior vena caval obstructions are due to a malignant disease, an intrathoracic goiter represents one of the benign, curable causes of this syndrome. This report describes the clinical course of a 44-year-old woman who presented with this entity and was successfully corrected by surgical intervention. A discussion of diagnostic, operative, and prognostic considerations is presented.


[The dynamics of thyrotoxic heart development in experimental thyrotoxicosis]. Thyreoidin intoxication was modelled in 12 rabbits, 39 rabbits served as controls. ON THE 3RD, 7TH AND 14TH DAY OF THE EXPERIMENT PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS WERE CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART AND CONTENTS OF ADRENALIN AND NORADRENALIN IN THE MYOCARDIUM. At the same periods an electron microscopy investigation of the contractile myocardium of the left ventricle of the heart with subsequent quanitative analysis of electronograms were carried out. It was shown that clear-cut changes in the ultrastructure of the contractile myocardium and in the heart function, accompanied with accumulation of sympathetic amines in the cardiac muscle, take place already at the early periods of the experiment. The changes in the muscle cell ultrastructure were caused by a hyperfunction of the retained organells, mitochondria in particular, due to the weakening of conjugated respiration and phosphorilation processes, as well as to the exclusion from functioning of a part of mitochondria and to an increase in the loading on the myocardium. As a result, energy deficit of the cardiac muscle originated and continued to increase. Because of inclusion of the compensatory-adaptative mechanisms, which reached their maximum by the 14th day of the experiment, the processes of plastics and energy formation at the expense of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mitochondria, were drastically intensified, which allowed the heart to function under conditions of the increasing thyreoidin intoxication.


[The influence of the rhythm of the damaging agent on the character of hepatic reparative regeneration]. The effect of frequency of administration of tetrachloride of carbon (CCl4) on synthesis of DNA by hepacytes and cells of the stroma, as well as on composition and magnitude of infiltrates in the liver of mice was studied. For this purpose autoradiographic and histological studies of the liver tissue in animals injected with poison once a week, twice a week and every day were carried out dayly. Periodic increases in number of hepacytes tagged with thymidin-H3 and an increase in the number of cells in infiltrates were observed. The rhythm of these changes corresponded to the frequency of administration of CCl4. With the rise in the frequency of injections of the poison the rate of increase in number of cells in infiltrates rose and synthesis of DNA in hepacytes became more intensive. The time interval, however, between the injection of the toxin and the rise of DNA synthesis in hepacytes remained constant irrespective of the frequency of exposure to the damaging factor.


Human lymphocyte antigen, HL-A27, in Japanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. A high association of HL-A27 specificity with ankylosing spondylitis was found in Japanese patients in spite of a very low frequency of this specificity in a normal Japanese population. These findings coincide well with those in Caucasian patients, and indicate the strong relationship between the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis and HL-A27 specificity beyond racial differences. No particular HL-A patterns were noted in patients with the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical vertebrae. This observation provides an evidence that this disease is etiologically different from ankylosing spondylitis.


HL-A phenotyping in an Indonesian population. The frequencies of 30 HL-A antigens were studied in an Indonesian population of 95 individuals from the city of Jakarta. The antigens HL-A9, or more precisely W24, and HL-A11 (first series) and W15 (second series) occurred with high frequencies, whereas HL-A8, W14 and W22 were completely absent. These results are consistent with previous reports of HL-A typing in South East Asian populations.


Histocompatibility antigens (HL-A) in leprosy. HL-A antigens of 70 leprosy patients and 40 normal healthy individuals were determined by the standard microlymphocytotoxicity test. Both lepromatous and non-lepromatous leprosy patients were tested for the presence of 11 HL-A antigens, and the frequency of each specificity was compared with that in a normal population of the same ethnic group. Although the statistical significance of HL-A8 specificity was found to be marginal in lepromatous leprosy patients, when using ordinary 2 times 2 statistics, there did seem to be a decreased frequency of HL-A9 among the non-lepromatous type. Other antigens tested did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups of subjects.


On the heterogeneity of linkage estimations between LA and four loci of the HL-A system,. Three cases of crossing over between the LA and FOUR loci of HL-A system are presented in this note. Recombination fractions between those two loci are also calculated from familial data kindly provided by other European laboratories. It is suggested that differences found in maternal and paternal recombination frequency are due to the heterogeneity of estimates of each laboratory.


Generalized paroxysmal discharges induced by visual stimuli and eye movements. The generalized paroxysmal discharges (GPDs) induced by the visuo-sensory and oculomotor activations in a total of 30 patients were investigated. The patients consisted of 27 epileptics and 3 with sequelae of head trauma; all of them showed photoconvulsive response. The visuo-sensory activation with red-flicker of 15 cycles/sec or with visual stimuli containing patterns, "pattern," was carried out under the constant condition of 20 cd/m-2. In 22 cases (73%), G-type (simultaneous occurrence of GPD over all the areas) was induced by red-flicker, while in 28 cases (93%) P-type (GPD was preceded by posterior spikes) was induced by "pattern." With the oculomotor activation, paroxysmal discharges were induced in 11 cases of photogenic epilepsy; 10 cases (91%) were of A-type (GPD was preceded by anterior spikes), and one case (9%) showed focal spikes over the right frontal area. In 21 cases (70%), the type of GPD changed from G-type to P-type as the red-flicker activation was replaced by the "pattern" activation. Further, in seven (33%) out of the 21 cases it changed from P-type to A-type as the activation with "pattern" was replaced by the oculomotor activation. It was suggested that the non-specific thalamo-cortical system, the visual cortex, and the frontal eye field are chiefly concerned with the occurrences of G-type, P-type, and A-type, respectively, when such stimuli as described above are given independently.


Red cell count in hereditary spherocytosis with nephrotic hypercholesterolemia. Positive correlation between red blood cell count and serum cholesterol level was found in a case of hereditary spherocytosis associated with nephrotic syndrome. Red blood cell cholesterol content varied with serum cholesterol level.


High epinephrine content in the adrenal tumors from Sipple's syndrome. Percent of epinephrine content to total catecholamine is low in pheochromocytomas irrespective of unilateral or bilateral adrenal origin when they have no medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. However, epinephrine content higher than norepinephrine has been noted in the adrenal tumors from the patients with Sipple's syndrome. Although an exact reason for this remained unknown, our data could suggest that the adrenal tumors in Sipple's syndrome are primarily different from other types of pheochromocytoma, and thorough examinations for detecting the thyroid carcinoma should be necessary when the adrenal tumor is rich in epinephrine.


A further study on fast and slow principal cells of rat lateral geniculate body: an analysis of flash-evoked responses. In the lateral geniculate body (LGB) of urethane-anesthetized and Flaxedil-immobilized rats, unit responses of principal cells (P-cells) were recorded by using flash stimulation of the eyes. By measuring response latencies to electrical stimulation of the optic tract, all P-cells were classified into the fastor slow group according to the criterion established by Fukuda. Flash-evoked unit responses consisted of the two kinds of discharges, i.e. the early discharge (ED) with latencies less than 100 msec and the late discharges of spike burst (LDs) often recurring twice or more (LD1, LD2 and so on). Cells' firings were suppressed during the interval between ED and LD1 and those between successive LDs. The ED- and LD1-latencies, measured in dark with strong flashes, were shorter in the fast cells than in the slow one. The interval between ED and LD1 was shorter in the fast cells than in the slow ones. It was common to the both types of P-cells that as flash intensity was reduced, the ED-latency increased and the LD1-latency decreased. However, the ED-LD1 interval remained shorter in the fast cells than in the slow ones. Upon shifting from dark to light, the LD1-latency markedly increased or decreased in the slow cells, whereas such was not seen in the fast cells. These findings seem to provide a further support for the classification of P-cells into the fast and slow types.


Globoid cell leukodystrophy: the first case with antemortem diagnosis in Japan. A Japanese boy was diagnosed as globoid cell leukodystrophy on the basis of a marked decrease in the galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase activity in the leukocytes and the serum when one year and two months old. At autopsy when 1 year and 10 months, microscopic findings were characteristic for those of globoid cell leukodystrophy. Galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase activities of leukocytes and sera of his father and mother were found to be half those of control subjects, thus it suggested the parents being heterozygotes of the disease.


Sequence of heme decomposition by the coupled oxidation of myoglobin with ascorbic acid. Occurrence of a biliverdin-iron complex or verdoheme as the final oxidation product of heme moiety in the coupled oxidation of myoglobin and ascorbic acid in air was evidenced and the sequence of heme decomposition in this reaction system was concluded to proceed in the order of protoheme, hydroxyheme and biliverdin-iron complex or verdoheme. The final oxidation product usually remains attaached to globin and appears to give a diffuse absorption possibly with a peak at 760 nm at neutral pH. In alkaline solution the compound exhibits an absorption peak at 840 nm, and when reduced with Na(2)S(2)O(4), it is readily converted to biliverdin which exhibits a large absorption with a peak originally at 800 nm, being followed by a gradual shift to 760 nm.


Electroencephalographic findings in a case of globoid cell leukodystrophy. An increased slow wave pattern of the EEG basic waves without epileptogenic discharges was observed in an early stage of a case of Krabbe's disease. In the later stage of the illness, spikes and sharp waves were mixed with. The peculiar runs of fast activity which were described by Kliemann et al. (1969) were not observed during the course of our patient.


Impetus to transferring non-motile sperm in the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis. Effect of intratesticular pressure was examined on non-motile sperms in the testis whether they move toward the epididymis when it is raised. The head portion of the epididymis of the dog was cut apart at the proximal portion to the testis fully exposing the lumen of the epididymis. The electric stimulation of perivascular nerves of the spermatic cord caused spermatozoa to flow out onto the incision site at 5 min. The number of them increased progressively, almost innumerable at 15 min. These results support the view that the elevated intratesticular pressure by electric stimulation surely works to transfer non-motile sperm in the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis.


An unexpected incidence of convulsive attack in male mice after long-term isolated condition. Unexpected convulsive attacks were observed in male dd-D mice which were reared for a long-term experiment. After three months from the onset of rearing, some of mice showed convulsive attacks when they were handled in such routine laboratory procedures as weighing, clearing of cage and feeding. The convulsive attack was observed only among the mice being reared individually in each of sections of cage and did not occur in the mice which had been reared as a colony. The incidence rate of convulsive attack increased as the rearing period was prolonged. Our finding was similar to King and coworkers' report (1955) in which convulsions were observed in the singly housed C3H mice. The one thing particular in our observation was the difference of incidence rate according to the extent of isolation, i.e., the higher rate was observed on the condition of mice without other mice in the neighbouring sections than those with neighbouring mate. The neighbouring mate acted some roles to change susceptibility to convulsive attack, even though separated by a sheet of wire-netting.


Histochemical and electron microscopic studies of the human cutaneous lymphatic capillary. The light microscopic characteristics of the normal cutaneous lymphatic capillary of man are the presence of elastic fibers around the vessel and a sudden change in contour of the lumen as observed on serial sections. Both are useful characteristics for differentiating the lymphatic from the blood capillary. Electron microscopic investigation is necessary to identify definitely vessels as lymphatic capillaries by demonstrating the absent or scanty basal lamina of the endothelial cell.


Effect of unilateral lesion of amygdala on unmanifested response to Matatabi (Actinidia polygama) in cats. The experiment was designed to elucidate the question whether the unilateral ablation of the amygdala significantly affects sexual behavior or not. For this purpose, the effect of the unilateral amygdalectomy upon Matatabi-response was investigated in the cat (R-cat), particularly in cats which showed unmanifested Matatabi-response in the innate status (NR-cat). Following the unilateral damage to the amygdala, NR-cats showed a significant manifestation in their Matatabi-response behavior, while R-cats indicated no change in it, their performance level being the same as preoperatively. It is concluded from the present results that even the unilateral ablation of the amygdala affects sexual behavior significantly, this being in contrast to many previous reprots. The present finding implies that individual differences in sexual behavior appear to depend on the neural basis of the amygdala, supporting an assumption that the amygdala is a controlling center of sexual and emotional behaviors.


Statistical analysis on toxicity of a nitrofuran derivative, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide. A food additive, furylfuramide or AF-2, which had been used in Japan since 1965 and structurally is composed of 5-nitro-2-furyl radical and acrylamide, was re-examined mainly on chronic toxicity by statistically reviewing published data. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The maximum safety dosage which shows no demonstrable change in rats must be corrected at least to 1/170 of the value which has been accepted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan (MHW). 2) The minimum effective dose to bacterial growth in food can not be lowered below the standard usage level with MHW determined, because the inactivation factor in food, decreasing effectivity to 1/20, must be taken into consideration. 3) In view of these two facts, AF-2 is found to be unacceptable as a food additive. 4) Great importance must also be attached to the possibility of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of AF-2, pointed out recently. Both neurotoxicity and dermatitis observed in tofu (soybean curd) makers are also memtioned.


Role of adenosine or AMP as a probable mediator of blood flow regulation in canine hindlimb muscles. Canine hindlimb muscles were perfused with arterial blood from a donor at a constant pressure or at a constant flow rate. Blood samples were analyzed for adenosine, oxygen and potassium during load-free twitch contractions (2 cps) and/or after 3-min ischemia. (1) During exercise hyperemia A-V oxygen (p smaller than 0.001) and V-A potassium (p smaller than 0.001) differences increased in both perfusion systems. Under the constant pressure total amount of adenosine and/or AMP released (TAAR) remained constant at 34.4 plus or minus 7.8 (mean plus or minus S.D.) nmoles/ml of blood compared with 31.0 plus or minus 5.6 at rest, whereas under the constant flow rate the value increased from 32.8 plus or minus 9.4 to 74.6 plus or minus 15.7 (p smaller than 0.001). (2) In reactive hyperemia A-V difference of oxygen increased (p smaller than 0.001) and TAAR remained at 33.0 plus or minus 8.3 under the constant pressure. Under the constant flow rate TAAR increased from 32.8 plus or minus 9.4 to 48.1 plus or minus 12.6 (p smaller than 0.001). (3) After ischemic contractions TAAR remained constant under the constant pressure perfusion. Under the constant flow rate, however, TAAR showed definite decrease compared with that during exercise hyperemia with intact flow (p smaller than 0.001). (4) The authors think that adenosine and/or AMP is the mediator of exercise hyperemia, supported by potassium ions and local hypoxia. Adenosine and/or AMP, and local hypoxia are responsible for reactive hyperemia. In ischemic contractions, no special circulatory mediator was found.


Surveillance system of chromosome abnormalities in early embryonic stage of induced abortions. Chromosome analysis was made in induced abortions within 12 gestational weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period. There were 22 cases (7.3%) of gross chromosome anomalies in 300 materials. About a half of aberrant embryos were born to mothers who had positive histories of drug treatments or X-irradiation for various reasons.


Reovirus-like particles in jejunal mucosa of a Japanese infant with acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis. In a two-month old Japanese boy with acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis, reovirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells and cells which infiltrated in the lamina propria of the upper jejunum which had been taken by peroral biopsy 90 hr after the onset of the illness.


Sex-difference in the response to different kinds of dietary carbohydrates in rats. Each twenty male and female young rats (Donryu) were divided into five groups. Four groups of each sex were fed fat-free diet with different carbohydrates; cornstarch, glucose, sucrose, or fructose. The remaining one group of each sex was fed a commercial diet. After rearing for one month, hemoglobin content, level of blood sugar, weight of organs, and content and composition of lipids in serum and liver were measured. (1) Among the female carbohydrate-groups, the variation in the weight of organs was significantly large only in carcass and adrenals. Contents of hepatic lipids were similar among the carbohydrate-groups. The lowest content of serum lipids was found in the glucose group. (2) In the male, significant variations were found in the weights of carcass, spleen and kidneys. The highest content of hepatic lipids was in the starch group, but the highest content of serum lipids was in the fructose group. (3) The present experimental conditions were particular in that fat and fatty acids were excluded from diet in comparison with similar experiments reported, and the sex-difference in the response of rats to different kinds of carbohydrates found in the present study was similar to that being already noted.


Change of pyrophosphatase activity in the chicken serum during the course of development. The change of pyrophosphatase activity in the chicken serum was studied during the course of development. The enzyme activity was higher at the age of rapid growth than at the age of maturation. This finding suggests the participation of pyrophosphatase and pyrophosphate in controlling the calcification process.


Lactate formation by the avian lung tissue. The activities of formation of lactate and pyruvate were studied along with the development of chickens, Gallus domestica. In the lung the activity of lactate formation was highest in the embryo at 13th to 16th days of incubation, then the activity decreased as the development went on and continued to decrease even after the hatching. The change of the activity of pyruvate formation was almost parallel with that of lactate formation. On the other hand, in the liver the activities of formation of lactate and pyruvate remained constant and did not show such changes as observed for the lung.


RNA content in the heart muscle cells following adrenalectomy and additional overload in the rat. RNA content in the heart muscle cells of the adrenalectomized rats and those with aortic constriction was measured by microspectrophotometry. In the adrenalectomized rats, the RNA content decreased about 32% below that of the intact control rats by 7 days after operation. On the other hand, it decreased more abruptly in the adrenalectomized rats with aortic constriction. These results suggested that in the adrenalectomized rats, hypoplasia of the heart was caused by reduction of RNA content and myocardial compensatory hypertrophy was never induced even by overloading to the heart. The fact that the reduction of RNA content preceded the decrease of the heart weight per 100 g body weight suggests that in the cases of sudden unexpected death by unknown cause, the measurement of RNA content of heart muscle cells may be a clue to judge whether the cause of death is concerned with the heart or not.


A comparison of free amino acid components in the human adenoid and palatine tonsil. Free amino acids in the tissue of the palatine tonsil and the adenoid were analyzed using a JEOL 6-AS Type Auto-Analyzer, and comparative examination was made on 26 kinds of amino acids discovered. Of these, 23 amino acids showed significantly high values in the palatine tonsil, but hydroxyproline and tryptophan showed somewhat higher values in the adenoid. These results suggest that the metabolism in the palatine tonsil is more active than in the adenoid.


Pheochromocytomas occurring in 3 members in a family. Three members of a kindred exhibiting bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas are presented together with previously reported 15 familial cases in Japan. The rate of tumor growth, the stage of asymptomatic or chemical pheochromocytoma and the importance of urinary catecholamine assay for detection and diagnosis in this type of tumor are particularly emphasized.


Statistical analysis of diverticulosis of the colon. Forty-four cases of diverticulosis of the colon were detected among 2,662 cases examined by barium enema in Tohoku University. This corresponds to 1.7% in frequency. On the other hand, 21 cases were found among 1,511 cases examined in Hirosaki University, giving 1.4% in frequency. It was more frequent in the male. The frequency, as calculated on the basis of the numbers of cases examined by barium enema in separate age groups, showed the gradual increase with age except for above the eighth decade. The location where the diverticulum was most frequently seen was the right colon; namely, cases in which the diverticulum occurred from the cecum to the ascending colon and those in which it was found only in the ascending colon occupied 61.4 and 71.4% of the total cases, respectively. Diverticulitis as a complication was rare, while coincidence of polyp or carcinoma was sometimes observed. Furthermore, the value of fiberscopy for the diagnosis of diverticulosis of the colon was discussed, and its usefulness for the detection of complication was emphasized.


Light-induced permanent changes in electric resistance and standing potential observed in neonatal chick eyes. A group of neonatal chicks (subject) was kept in complete darkness before and after hatching, whereas another group (control) was raised under normal light conditions. The electric resistance and standing potential across the eyeball were measured between the cornea and occipital area on the 3-5 day after hatching. Under dark adaptation, the resistance of the subject group was much higher than that of the control. The standing potential of the subject group showed a large negativity of 4-15 mV on the cornea side, whereas that of the control group showed a slight positivity of 0.1-1.5 mV. The resistance and standing potential of the control eyeballs showed only a slight change during the light adaptation, whereas those of the subject group markedly decreased during the initial light adaptation. Ultimately, they became the same as the control group. These observed changes were irreversible, suggesting a certain structural change in the retina produced by the initial exposure to light. The results were discussed in relation to the morphological changes in photoreceptors observed after the initial exposure to light.


Fibercolonoscopy for the diagnosis of granulomatous colitis. In order to clarify the significance of fibercolonoscopy in diagnosis of granulomatous colitis, the pathological, radiological, endoscopic and clinical differences between granulomatous colitis and ulcerative colitis were investigated on 12 cases of granulomatous colitis and 23 cases of ulcerative colitis, which underwent colonic resections between 1954 and 1973. The comparative studies have revealed considerable differences in their characteristic features besides the overlapping spectrum. As a consequence of assessments made of the various diagnostic techniques as to usefulness in differential diagnosis between the two colitis conditions, it was noted that fibercolonoscopy and biopsy under direct vision, when applied in conjunction with the conventional procedures, readily facilitate the differential diagnosis without any surgical intervention in all aspects, excepting the depth of inflammatory involvement and the presence of lymphangiectasia. However, the depth of the inflammed lesion as well as lymphangiectasia can also be estimated indirectly. Therefore, it seems that it is possible to make the differential diagnosis between the two colitis conditions even prior to colectomy, with the exception of atypical forms which represent overlapping findings.


The effect of visual sexual stimulation on urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in impotent patients. In 15 impotent patients, the effect of visual sexual stimulation was evaluated by measuring their urinary levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline, before and after stimulation. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline increased in the urine over the base levels in response to the visual sexual stimulation. The average increases were 1.5 times for adrenaline, and 1.4 times for noradrenaline. There was an evident correlation between the degree of sexual excitation and the excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline into urine.


Methacholine: a 7-day inhalation toxicity study with primates. The acute and sub-acute inhalation toxicity of methacholine to cynomolgus monkeys was assessed by exposure of animals to an aerosol of a 2% solution of the material in sterile saline. The acute response was characterized by a decrease in tidal volume, increase in respiratory rate, a fall in dynamic compliance and an increased pulmonary resistance. Onset of the acute response was rapid, reached a peak after 2-3 min of exposure and recovery appeared to be complete after 30 min following termination of an exposure. The sub-acute inhalation toxicity of methacholine was assessed by single daily aerosol exposure of primates to graded doses of the compound for 7 days. Pre- and post-exposure measurements of haematology and blood biochemistry, urinalysis, blood gas analysis and ECG showed no changes which could be attributed to exposure to methacholine. Nor were treatment-related histopathological changes observed in exposed animals. Distinct changes were seen in the mechanical characteristics of the lungs of exposed animals. Pulmonary resistances, measured on the day following final exposure, were increased in all animals exposed to the methacholine aerosol. During 9 weeks following the last of the daily exposures, increased pulmonary resistance values persisted in the animals retained for this period, although there was some indication of a gradual return to pre-exposure resistance values.


Absorption, metabolism and excretion by goldfish of the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate. The route of absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism route of excretion, and excretion rate of the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in goldfish was investigated using [35-S] or [1-14-C] SLS. It has been shown that goldfish absorb SLS from solution principally through the gills, and that SLS is rapidly distributed throughout the body tissues, the highest concentration being found in the gall bladder. SLS was metabolised by the fish to butyric acid-4-sulphate, and was excreted by the kidney. Over a 24-h period 68% and 38% of a prescribed dose was excreted from freely fed and unfed fish, respectively.


The role of the World Health Organization in pesticide research. For many years the World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, has been involved in activities related to pesticide chemicals such as toxicological evaluation of pesticides used in agriculture, recommendation of limits for pesticide residues in foods, application of pesticides used in public health (including recommending methods and specifications for equipment) and detection of resistance to pesticides. The use of substances toxic to man and to a variety of forms of life comprises an overall health problem, and the participation of WHO at the international level in this area should be regarded as part of its responsibility for promoting the health of all people. During the course of its engagement in these activities the Organization played, and plays, an important role, either by directly sponsoring research projects according to its limited budgetary capabilities or, and mostly, by assisting in the promotion, guidance and coordination of research programmes on a world-wide basis. This paper provides a brief description of the most important activities of WHO and outlines the Organization's involvement in stimulating research in the field of pesticide chemicals. References are made to the "modus operandi" of Expert Committees.


Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administered subcutaneously to rabbits for 28 days. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) to rabbits produced dose-related cumulative toxicity. Five groups of three New Zealand albino rabbits each received 28 daily treatments with isotonic saline, sesame oil of 15.9, 45.0 or 153.4 mg/kg/day of delta-9-THC dissolved in sesame oil. Dose-related dermal responses included erythema, edema, ulceration and nodule formation. Some of the granulomatous nodules contained an oily substance and exhibited liquefactive necrosis. The severities of erythema and ulceration were generally maximal during the first week of treatment, but edema and nodule formation were most severe after days 12 and 14, respectively. All rabbits survived treatment, but body weights, liver weights and liver glycogen levels were decreased in a dose-related manner. Maximal body weight effects occurred after day 19. Hemochemical changes occurred only in rabbits treated with 153.4 mg/kg/day and included decreased blood sugar and alkaline phosphatase, and increased serum potassium. Hematology parameters were normal throughout the treatment period. No drug-related pathological lesions occurred in internal organs. The cumulative body weight changes, significantly decreased hepatic glycogen levels and reduced blood sugar and alkaline phosphatase values may have indicated drug-induced metabolic changes.


The joint toxic action of perchloroethylene with benzene or toluene in rats. The joint toxic action of mixtures of perchloroethylene with benzene or toluene was tested at five dose levels for each of six binary combinations with 20 rats per dose. LD50 data with 95% fiducial limits are reported for each mixture and tests for additive joint toxicity were made. The results indicate that the mixtures of perchloroethylene and benzene gave values for the LD50 which were slightly less than additive while perchloroethylene and toluene mixtures had LD50 values which could not be predicted by an additive model.


A teratologic study with the dyes amaranth and Ponceau 4R in mice. A teratology study on amaranth and Ponceau 4R was carried out in NMRI mice. The substances were given by gavage either from day 0 through day 7 or from day 6 through day 18 in doses of 7.5, 30 or 100 mg/kg. Distilled water was given by gavage to the control dams from day 0 through day 18. The foetuses were removed on day 18 for detailed examinations. No effect of treatment with the dyes could be observed with regard to number of implantations, frequency of foetal death and resorptions, gross malformations, skeletal or internal malformations or retarded growth as judged by foetal weight. The results are discussed with particular reference to the evaluation of teratologic studies on food colouring in general and the various regulation proposals from the National Food Administration.


Protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity by pretreatment with methylmercury hydroxide. Pretreatment of rats with methylmercury hydroxide (MMH) (15 mg/kg s.c. for 2 days) protected against hepatotoxicity due to the inhalation of CCl4 vapor (4800-6100 ppm for 2 h). This was evidenced by lessening of the changes due to CCl4 in liver glucose-6-phosphatase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum isocitrate dehydrogenase and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase. Decreases in p-nitroanisole demethylation and cytochrome P-450 were also altered. Lipid peroxidation due to CCl4 was decreased by MMH. These biochemical indices of protection were supported by histopathological observations. These results lend further support to the concept that metabolism of CCl4 is necessary for its hepatoxicity.


Long-term toxicity and reproduction studies with metaldehyde in rats. Rats received 0, 200, 1000 and 5000 ppm metaldehyde in the diet for 2 years. Reproduction studies over three generations using the same dietary levels were carried out. In the third litter of each generation attention was paid to possible embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. The parameters studied included growth, food intake, behaviour and survival, haematology, clinical biochemistry, organ weight, histopathology, reproductive performance and teratogenicity. At 5000 ppm the relative liver weight was increased and this was accompanied by an increase in liver microsomal enzyme activity. The most striking observation was a dose-related development of posterior paralysis in females due to a transverse lesion of the spinal cord. The latency period was more than 550 days. Three rats with posterior paralysis showed a transverse lesion of the spinal cord. No significant histological damage to other organs was seen. The tumour incidence was not increased in any of the metaldehyde dosage groups. The reproduction study confirmed the findings of the long-term test. Posterior paralysis appeared in at least 50% of the females on 5000 ppm metaldehyde in all 3 generations. Some were affected at 1000 ppm but none at 200 ppm. Histologically, a fracture or distortion of thoracic vertebrae and subsequent compression of the spinal cord was found. The onset of paralysis was related to the time of delivery. The reproductive performance was susceptibility in this respect to metaldehyde. Apart from one male rat on 200 ppm with clinical posterior paralysis without transverse lesions in the spinal cord, this level was without toxic effects both in the long-term and 3-generation reproduction study.


Conversion of progesterone-1,2-3-H to 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione by brain tissue. The presence of a 5beta-reductase acting to convert progesterone to 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione is described in the soluble 105,000 x g fraction of a preparation of dog cerebral cortex. The function of this enzymatic activity is obscure but may be important in regulation of sensorium. 5beta-pregnane compounds are potent depressors of the central nervous system.


Steroid interference in iron-cholesterol reactions: a comparative study. Interference from various physiological and non-physiological steroids in the spectrophotometric determination of cholesterol by the Zak method (ferric chloride) and the method of Parekh and Jung (ferric acetate) was quantitatively measured. Contribution of the steroids at the specific absorption maxima of the cholesterol assays was determined by employing the steroids (40 mg/dl) alone, or added to a serum pool of known cholesterol content. The results show that the method of Parekh and Jung is less influenced by the presence of steroids than the Zak method. Observations on the structural specificity of the iron-cholesterol reaction are discussed.


Gas chromatography profile of estrogens: application to pregnancy urine. A method for the simultaneous quantitation of 7 estrogens in pregnancy urine is described. It involves enzymatic hydrolysis extraction of free steroids, ion-exchange column chromatography and quantitation of the trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography on OV 1. Data obtained from normal and twin pregnancies and from women with anencephalic fetus or intra uterine fetal death are analysed. The sensibility of the method is about 40 mug of each estrogen by liter of urine.


Simplification of the methods for adding and removing glycerol during freeze-preservation of human red blood cells with the high or low glycerol methods: biochemical modification prior to freezing. Simple methods have been developed for adding and removing glycerol during freeze-preservation with 20 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 150 C, or with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C. A one-step method with a 35 per cent W/V glycerol solution is used to prepare 20 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells, and a two-step method with a 57 per cent W/V glycerol solution is used to prepare 40 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells. The systems for washing glycerolized red blood cells have been simplified. This method consists of dilution of the thawed glycerolized red blood cells prior to recovery, followed by on-line dilution of these red blood cells with wash solutions during continuous flow centrifugation. This can be done in any of three commercially available washing systems, and they all use the same sodium chloride solutions. For the 40 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells, this process takes about 30 minutes and uses 2.2 to 3.2 liters of the sodium chloride solutions, whereas the 20 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells can be processed in about 20 minutes using 1.5 to 2.5 liters. After storage in CPD for three days at 4 C, red blood cells can be freeze-preserved with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C or with 20 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 150 C. When the thawed red blood cells are washed in the Fenwal Elutramatic, the IBM Blood Processor, or the Haemonetics Blood Processor and stored at 4 C in sodium chloride-glucose-phosphate for at least 24 hours before transfusion, they have excellent posttransfusion survival values and normal or slightly decreased oxygen transport function. Alternatively, these red blood cells can be rejuvenated before freeze-preservation so that their 2,3-DPG levels are increased and their affinity for oxygen is reduced. Red blood cells that are stored in CPD at 4 C for as long as 28 days can be rejuvenated with a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine (PIGPA, Solution A) before freeze-preservation with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C. Any one of the above systems can be used to wash these red blood cells and they can be stored at 4 C in a sodium.


Occurrence of granulocyte cytotoxins and agglutinins. Granulocyte cytotoxic activity in sera from over 257 patients was shown to be distinct from HL-A lymphocytoxic activity. Granulocyte cytotoxins occur in approximately 25 per cent of sera from patients having leukemia, 45 per cent with aplastic anemia, 22 per cent with kidney disease on hemodialysis, and 19 per cent of pregnant women. By testing sera on the same panel of cells, the granulocyte cytotoxic activity was shown not to be associated with granulocyte agglutination activity or lymphocytotoxic acitivty. It is likely that granulocyte cytotoxins and granulocyte agglutinins will be useful in transfusion and bone marrow transplantation as a separate tool from the more widely used lymphocyte cytotoxicity reaction.


Some observations on "Bombay" bloods, with comments on evidence for the existence of two different Oh phenotypes. Bloods from three individuals, one each of the phenotypes Oh-A, Oh-B and Oh-O have been studied. The work of Dzierzkowa-Borodej, et al.-10 was confirmed when it was shown that all three samples of Oh red blood cells had increased I antigen strength. The i, Sd-a, Le-a and Le-x antigens were not found to be increased. Attempts were made to adsorb and elute anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B with the Oh red blood cells, using sera that contained high titered anti-I antibodies. This was done in the belief that previously reported positive results in such tests might be due to the high level of I on the Oh red blood cells, anti-I in the sera containing the ABO antibodies, and the Matuhasi-Ogata phenomenon. However, in no instance were we able to adsorb an ABO antibody onto the Oh red blood cells. Contrary to the report of others-10 the titers of anti-A, anti-B and anti-H in the sera of the three Oh individuals studied did not differ significantly. We suggest that the evidence from our findings and the work of others is sufficient to show that at least two forms of the Oh phenotype exist: one representing total suppression of H, A, and B antigens, and the other marked but not total suppression, with partial inhibition of antibody production.


Compatibility of common intravenous solutions with CPD blood. Blood anticoagulated with CPD was mixed with lactated Ringer's solution, 5 per cent aqueous dextrose, 5 per cent dextrose in 0.225 per cent saline, 5 per cent dextrose in 0.9 per cent saline, and 0.9 per cent saline solution in varying concentrations and incubated at room temperature and 37 C. Clots formed in the blood-lactated Ringer's mixture after five minutes at a citrate:calcium molar ratio of 4:1 or lower. Aqueous dextrose-blood mixtures showed immediate clumping with gross hemolysis after 30 minutes incubation. Blood mixed with 5 per cent dextrose and 0.225 per cent saline hemolyzed within ten minutes incubation at 37 C. No hemolysis occurred in blood mixed with 5 per cent dextrose in 0.9 per cent saline or with 0.9 per cent saline. Traces of solutions labeled with Evans blue dye remained in intravenous administration tubing even 30 minutes after a simulated transfusion was begun. Lactated Ringer's solution and 5 per cent dextrose in 0.225 per cent saline should not be administered concurrently with blood. Lactated Ringer's solution may also be harmful when used to start transfusions as it rapidly produces clots when mixed with CPD blood.


Successful transfusion of Chido-positive blood to two patients with anti-Chido. Two cases are described in this report in which patients with anti-Chido in the serum were transfused with Chido-positive blood. Since there was evidence of normal survival of the transfused red blood cells, these findings do not support a suggestion that patients with anti-Chido may require transfusion with Chido-negative blood. In spite of the apparently normal survival of the Chido-positive blood, a previous report in which it was shown that weakly Chido-positive blood can stimulate the production of anti-Chido was confirmed.


Observations on the Gy-a and Hy antigens and the antibodies that define them. Two high frequency antigens, Hy (Holley) and Gy-a (Gregory), show an apparent association. All individuals lacking Gy-a are whites and these individuals are Hy-negative. A second group of Hy-negative individuals are blacks. All of these react weakly with anti-Gy-a. Neither Gy-a nor Hy are well developed on cord cells, although antibodies to both factors have been stimulated by pregnancy. Anti-Gy-a and anti-Hy antibodies react best in the antihuman globulin test. These antibodies have low avidity, high titers, and have been implicated as causing transfusion reactions.


Attitudes underlying reluctance to donate blood. Attitudes underlying reluctance to donate blood were examined in two samples, college and general public, by means of direct and indirect questionnaires. Results were highly consistent across samples and sexes, and indicated that personal and emotional concerns, such as fear of the needle, fear of the sight of blood, fear of dizziness, inconvenience, and possibly ill effects on health, contribute more heavily to reluctance than people can (or will) recognize. Forthright handling of these fears and concerns by blood collection agencies is advocated.


The development of a recruiting-drawing-inventory model for a community blood bank system. A community blood bank system is a multiorganizational program that is designed to supply the blood needs of a community. Participating in such a program are hospitals, a central blood bank, industrial donor groups, the American Red Cross, advisory committees, and the community at large. The underlying determinant of the community's success or failure with its blood program is the degree of cooperation among the various organizations. Intertwined with organizational considerations are the management problems associated with the operation of a responsive and efficient inventory control system. This paper reports on the development of a system for a community blood bank that is in its third year of operation. The system that has been developed can be operated manually by a part-time clerk. Details of the model include an integration of the donor scheduling function and the inventory control function. Simulated testing of the model has been conducted and full-scale implementation is awaiting the expansion of the known donor base.


A computer-based frozen blood inventory and information system. A computer-based, time-sharing data processing system was developed to assist in maintaining information regarding units of red blood cells frozen for eventual transfusion. An automated system has been programmed to compile and retrieve data concerning stored units, prepare shipping documents as required, and maintain transfusion records in a retrievable manner for thawed or shipped units. Requests for frozen red blood cells are processed through this system. Units are selected by the computer to meet requirements specified by the operator of a keyboard terminal. These requirements include method of cryopreservation, specific antigenic characteristics required, and the number of units requested. The computer prints out on the keyboard terminal the units meeting the requirements and the keyboard operator then indicates to the computer the name of the requesting facility, if these units are to be shipped. This input initiates a programmed routine that generates a shipping invoice and a new file for these units in a permanent transfusion record which can by acessed by either donor number or the frozen blood cell code.


External herniae: ventral herniae and summary. 1. In three articles, inguinal, femoral, and ventral herniae have been discussed, one of the aims being to draw the attention of those who are new to surgery in the tropics to some of the things the author thought were peculiar to these herniae. Experiences in the 1,100-bed Korle Bu Hospital, Accra, where a retrospective survey showed that 609 external herniaw were mended in 15 months, formed the basis of the discussions. 2. The applied anatomy of the inguinal canal of adult Ghanaians was described. Three things were pointed out: the infantile type of inguinal hernia was the rule not the exception; the floor and the conjoint tendon were well developed and useful for repair; the pubic branch of the inferior epigastric artery was normal not aberrant. 3. IN Accra inguinal herniae are big and a man's disease. The differential diagnosis of scrotal hernia includes vaginal hydrocele, scrotal elephantiasis, testicular tumours, and tuberculous epididymoorchitis. A case was made in favour of differentiating between direct and indirect inguinal herniae preoperatively. 4. Elective herniorrhaphy was recommended as the treatment of choice and operative techniques were described. The suture material to employ for the Bassini repair must be non-absorbable, e.g. silk or nylon. Whereas herniotomy is adequate in children, in women herniorrhaphy is combined with clearance and obliteration of the inguinal canal. 5. The author did not recommend a truss for an inguinal let alone a femoral hernia. There is suggestive evidence that even in the tropics a man's hernia could be safely repaired on an out-patient basis. 6. Since femoral hernia is rare, it was recommended that in the interest of the patients, skillful surgeons should repair them. 7. The surgical anatomy of the femoral canal, and clinical features of femoral hernia were described. The differential diagnosis included inguinal hernia, abscesses in the groin, hydrocele of the femoral canal, saphena varix, lymphadenopathy, simple tumours and aneurysm of the femoral artery. 8. The treatment of choic is a surgical operation of which three were named and one described ("the low" operation of Lockwood). Recurrence is rare...


Health and society in Amazonian Peru.

Health and society in Amazonian Peru. During his work in a jungle hospital of the Amazonian part of Peru, the author was able to study the health care delivery system in the area. He was impressed by its inadequacy, which seemed to be due less to medical, technological, and manpower deficiencies than to social and economic factors. An attempt is made to identify and classify these constraints. A systems view of the health care insufficiencies is outlined, showing how some barriers prevent the patient from making contact with the health system (input level), how others interfere with its working (processor level), while others limit the efficiency of its actions (output level). Finally, some measures for its improvement are considered.


[Ultrastructural and functional expression of the hepatocyte genome in conditions of prolonged inhibition of protein biosynthesis with cycloheximide. II]. The correlation of changes in sedimentary properties of polysome preparation and ultrastructure of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum in the rat liver cells was found in dynamics of the protein biosynthesis inhibition by cycloheximide (CH1). In particular, 6 hrs after CHI introduction the greatest fragmentation of the reticulum is accompanied by the greatest destruction of polysomes; however at the end of the 24-hour period a tendency is observed to restore the studied components of the protein synthesis system.


Torsion of spermatic cord in neonate.

Torsion of spermatic cord in neonate. Torsion of the spermatic cord in the neonate should no longer be considered a clinical rarity. Effectual diagnosis is totally dependent on prompt detection of an asymptomatic, irreducible scrotal swelling that fails to transilluminate. Immediate surgical exploration is indicated. Detorsion and careful inspection for signs of circulatory return should be undertaken in every case. Frankly necrotic testes should probably be removed, but conservation of testicular tissue is otherwise strongly recommended, even in the borderline cases. After detorsion testis must be firmly fixed in proper position. Prophylactic contralateral orchiopexy appears to be advisable, unless a congenital hydrocele intervenes. Most importantly, to avert the grim prognosis this condition bears, we must continually alert our colleagues responsible for neonatal care to the possibility of torsion of the spermatic cord in the immediate postpartum examination of every newborn male infant.


[Kinetics of protein metabolism in the thoracic duct wall. II]. Endothelial, muscular cells and fibroblasts of the albino rat thoracic duct show a great similarity in localization and functioning intensity of the protein-synthesing apparatus. The main by the mass of production protein syntheses occur in cytoplasm. The nucleus is also of great importance in protein production: a relatively high level of proteinosynthesis is registered radioautographically in it.


[The nervous system and the genetic apparatus of cells]. Electric stimulation of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus results in intensification of RNA synthesis in rat brain. Content of acid proteins and RNA in liver and brain chromatin of geese changes in the period of sexual activity controlled by hypothalamus. With long introduction of hydrocortisone content of non-histone proteins of chromatine and RNA as well as total content of RNA in rat liver cells increases. These and other facts confirm the supposition that the central nervous system has an influence on the function of organs and tissues by means of genetical apparatus of cells.


Extracorporeal renal surgery. Work bench surgery. In cases in which renal repair through conventional in situ surgery is not possible, we have proceeded to remove the organ outside of the human body and placed in on a work bench where exsitu repair is aided by microsurgery, x-ray films, and image amplifiers. In most cases the damaged kidney has recovered its function and a grave problem has been solved. Extracorporeal surgery means a new tactical solution to extreme situations.


Radon in treatment of infiltrating carcinoma of urinary bladder. Shown here are the results from the use of radon in the treatment of 146 patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder. Ninety-four per cent of the tumors had invaded the muscle of the bladder; 54 per cent were Stage B2 or worse. Ninety per cent of the radon implantations were done cystoscopically. Twenty-one per cent of the patients survived five years or longer, free of recurrence. An additional 8 per cent were cured by follow-up treatment of recurrences. Complications and morbidity are minimal. Survival results compare favorably with more dangerous and debilitating methods of treatment.


Priapism in boys. Management with cavernosaphenous shunt. Two children with priapism are presented; one case was secondary to trauma and the other was idiopathic in nature. Both boys were effectively treated by bilateral corporosaphenous shunts. The mechanism of normal erection and the pathophysiology of priapism are discussed.


[Species characteristics of sperm morphology in representatives of the Carnivora order in relation to their hybridization]. Spermium morphology was studied in 7 species of Carnivora representatives. Their clear distinctions reflecting genetic relations between certain species of animals in the zoological series are established. Genetical determination of the spermium morphology is confirmed by the data of the hybridization analysis.


[Stereoscopic study of chromosome arrangement in the cell cycle. II]. The results obtained testify to the dependence of the interpretation of the interphase nucleus structure on the nucleus axis orientation respective to preparation plane. Variations in arrangement of nucleolus and perinucleolar vacuole with respect to the achromatic pole and centromeric ring are demonstrated.


Metastatic carcinoma of penis complicated by hypercalcemia. A fifty-three-year-old man with epidermoid carcinoma of the penis metastatic to the right inguinal lymph nodes and adjacent areas was found to have persistent hypercalcemia. Associated with this biochemical abnormality was an elevated parathormone activity in the absence of any bony metastases. Other than a transient response to furosemide-inducded diuresis he was refractory to treatment with oral inorganic phosphates and mithramycin. Ablation of the primary tumor did not affect his hypercalcemia. However, when therapy using external irradiation and parenteral bleomycin was directed to the metastases, his serum calcium stabilized and became normal and remained so until further progression of his humor. We postulate that the penile cancer metastases were elaborating parathyroid hormone-like substances responsible for the hypercalcemia and suppression of normal parathyroid activity.


[Classification of condensed structures of chromatin in interphase nuclei]. A new classification of condensed structures is suggested based on the analysis of modern data and ideas of the structure and functional transformations of chromosomes in cells of eucaryotes for the cellular cycle under conditions of individual and historical development.


Treatment of retrograde ejaculation with brompheniramine. The retrograde ejaculation experienced by a juvenile diabetic man was successfully treated with brompheniramine, a drug having antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties. A possible mechanism of action is suggested.


Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in patients on hemodialysis. Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage is a rare complication in patients on hemodialysis. Two cases of this condition are described. The diagnosis was confirmed by selective renal arteriogram, and exploration and nephrectomy was the treatment of choice.


Infected hydrocele in neonate.

Infected hydrocele in neonate. A case of infected hydrocele associated with epididymal microabscess in a neonate is presented. Only 1 similar case is described and that was asssociated with a ruptured appendix. Attention is called to the unusual cause in this case, and emphasis is placed on the need for hospitalization and surgical exploration in cases of scrotal pathology in infants.


Adenocarcinoma of kidney implicated by urinary cytologic study. Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in children and adolescents is believed to be a rare disease. Although only 57 cases 1,2 have been described in the world literature, many others, no doubt, have occurred and have not been reported. Herein reported is an unusual case of a very small neoplasm in which urinary cytologic study aided in the diagnosis.


Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome. Urologist's view. Two patients had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with hematuria. Characteristic telangiectasia was demonstrated in the bladder, prostate, and prostatic urethra of 1 patient; the other had a bladder tumor. Pathophysiologic aspects and treatment of the syndrome are discussed. Hematuria in patients with  hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia demands urologic investigation to rule out the common causes of urinary tract bleeding; conversely, this disease should be included among possible diagnoses in patients with hematuria of obscure origin.


Fibroepithelial polyps of ureter. A benign ureteral tumor. The authors believe that it is difficult to differentiate benign from malignant ureteral tumors unless the clinical course or cytologic diagnostics are grossly positive. Therefore, they are of the opinion that unless one's index of suspicion is low, treatment of ureteral tumors should be aggressive unless benignancy is assured. A case in point is reported, and 49 cases of nonepithelial polyps found in the literature are reviewed.


Transitional cell papilloma of ureter in young boy. A case of transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is reported in a seven-year-old boy who had a history of severe flank pain and was found to have hydronephrosis of the left kidney. A brief review of the literature has revealed that transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is extremely rare in children.


Adrenal myelolipoma.

Adrenal myelolipoma. A myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is reported. Diagnostic features include (1) hyperlucent mass on intravenous pyelography with renal displacement, (2) an avascular mass on arteriography and venography, (3) solid tissue mass on B-mode ultrasonography, and (4) no clinical or chemical evidence of adrenal hyperfunction.


Infarction of testicle and Schistosoma mansoni. The first case of clinical involvement and infarction of the testes caused the Schistosoma mansoni is reported. Although a rare rhenomenon, one must consider this in the differential diagnosis of testicular disease in patients who have resided in endemic areas of S. mansoni.


Renal pseudotumor. Importance of selective arteriogram. A typical case of hypertrophy of the columns of Bertin is presented, with special consideration given the importance of the selective renal arteriogram which is, in our experience, the only diagnostic procedure of accuracy. With this in mind we have avoided renal exploration. The embryogenic origin of this entity is reviewed.


Cystometry. (2). Central nervous system organization of detrusor reflex. Micturition is a brain stem reflex dependent on the integrity of reticulospinal and sensory pathways in a manner similar to respiration and blood pressure regulation. The detrusor reflex which is evoked by bladder distention and may appear in the normal cystometrogram is a result of the integrity of the circuit. Interruption of the spinal cord pathways of this loop by trauma or by spinal cord tumors results in abolition of detrusor reflex. Partial interruption results in an uninhibited detrusor reflex.


Ureteroileosigmoidostomy.  Long-term results. Ureteroileosigmoidostomy has been performed on 86 patients during the past twenty years, primarily for carcinoma of the bladder. Twenty-seven patients survived longer than five years. Severe complications occurred in 25 cases, and 11 per cent of the series required subsequent surgery. Hydronephrosis developed in 10 per cent. Ureteral reflux could be demonstrated by diatrizoate meglumine (Gastrografin) enema in 6 patients only.


Posterior approach to the kidney.

Posterior approach to the kidney. We describe a posterior approach to surgery involving the renal pelvis or upper ureter which is quicker, more direct, and considerably less mutilating than the standard flank incision.  Our five years' experience with this technique is summarized.


Observations on interstitial cystitis.

Observations on interstitial cystitis. Interstitial cystitis is more common in young women than previously believed.  Findings typical of the disease are a history of diurnal and nocturnal pollakiuria, pelvic discomfort increases with bladder distention, marked bladder tenderness on gentle palpation of the anterior later vaginal fornices, less than normal bladder capacity, and a negative urinalysis except for many epithelial cells.


Ephedrine in treatment of urinary incontinence. Patients with urinary incontinence caused by various urologic disorders were evaluated and treated with oral ephedrine sulfate.  The drug was found to improve continence in those patients with mild degrees of wetting due to urethral dysfunction regardless of cause.  The failures occurred in severely damaged posterior urethras or denervated bladders and urogenital diaphragms.


Ureteroduodenal fistula.

Ureteroduodenal fistula. A patient with pneumaturia was found to have a ureteroduodenal fistula, only the fourth such lesion reported.  However, this patient is unique in that a fistula developed between the stump of a ureter and the duodenum in the absence of a kidney on that side.  This case was namaged with a distal skin ureterostomy, thereby avoiding extremely hazardous surgery in the area of the duodenum.  This successful conservative managemant offers a sharp contrast to the recommended management of reno-alimentary fistulas.  The possible cause in this case based on roentgenographic analysis is discussed.


Emphysema of male genitalia following hemorrhoidectomy. This is a case report of genital emphysema following a hemorrhoidectomy.  The case resolved itself spontaneously without surgery or antibiotics.


Adenocarcinoma of kidney in a child.  Tumor rupture following trauma. A ten-year-old white girl with Stage I clear cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney was seen after local trauma had produced a renal laceration with rupture of the tumor.  She was treated with nephrectomy followed by a second exploration several months later.  No adjunctive therapy was used.


Carcinoma in isolated bladder after ileoconduit diversion. A thirty-six-year-old Caucasian male paraplegic of sixteen years' duration, who was found to have carcinoma of the bladder about twenty-three months after an ileoconduit diversion had been performed for decompensated neurogenic bladder is presented.  Chronic infection and residual urine may irritate or accelerate the process of neoplastic change in transitional epithelium.  Obviously the supravesical diversion of urine in this patient did not avoid the occurrence of cancer.  A plea is made for periodic checks using bladder exfoliative cytology and cystoscopy of the isolated bladder for early detection of vesical neoplasm.


Malignant lymphoma with genitourinary symptoms. Two cases are reported of patients with widespread intra-abdominal malignant lymphoma who althoug they initially presented with urologic complaints had no evidence of direct genitourinary involvement.  Transrectal biopsy established the diagnosis in both cases.  This unusual presentation of lymphoma is discussed together with a review of urologic involvement.  The necessity for accurate diagnosis is stressed since effective treatment with radiation and chemotherapy is available.


Urologic trauma by compressed gas.

Urologic trauma by compressed gas. A case of urologic trauma by compressed gas is reported.  Emergency treatment consisting of surgical exploration of the peritoneum and cystostomy was required.  Subsequently, the stricture which caused the trauma was treated.


Inverted papilloma of bladder.

Inverted papilloma of bladder. The fifth reported case of a rare variant of transitional papillary tumor of the bladder termed inverted papilloma is reported with a brief review of the literature.  This tumor is likely to be confused with invasive malignant papillary carcinoma although it has adistinct histologic pattern, and it is for this reason that attention is drawn to the entity.


Adrenocortical neoplasms.  Prognosis and morphology. The clinical data and morphologic findings in 16 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma were compared with those in 11 cases of surgically removed functional adenomas and 12 cases of nonfunctional adenomas found at autopsy.  Histopathologic changes of architectural disarray, pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity, vascular invasion, hemorrhage, or necrosis were generally reliable criteria for diagnosis of malignancy.  However, weight was the parameter that most consistently correlated with outcome, since all patients with tumors under 50 Gm. survived and all lesions of 95 Gm. or over proved to be malignant.


Intratesticular epidermoid cyst.  A rare benign tumor. Epidermoid cysts rarely arise within the testis.  The incidental discovery of a distinct, intratesticular epidermoid cyst in a nineteen-year-old man is reported.  Management by radical orchiectomy is stressed because grossly the tumor is indistinguishable from a malignant testicular tumor.


Renal ectopia and fusion.  Embryologic Basis. To determine when horseshoe kidneys and crossed fused ectopic kidneys might develop, the authors studied the Carnegie collection of human embryos.  They found that renal fusion must occur before the kidneys ascend between the umbilical arteries.


Uncomplicated hypospadias and anomalies of upper urinary tract.  Need for screening? In a series of 200 patients with uncomplicated hypospadias, 6 (3 per cent) had an anomaly of the upper urinary tract.  However, even this low figure is an overestimate of the usefulness of the intravenous pyelogram as a screening procedure since none of the patients has had related symptoms and none has required treatment for his anomaly.  The implication of this review is that the intravenous urogram is not a necessary part of the evaluation, for management purposes, of the asymptomatic patient with uncomplicated hypospadias.  Occasionally, some interesting information may be obtained.


Spindle-cell sarcoma of the equine para-nasal sinuses and nasal chamber. A case of spindle cell sarcoma of the equine para-nasal sinuses is described and discussd in relation to similar tumours recorded in the literature.


Practitioners'--breeders' approach to canine parturition. Both veterinary surgeon and dog breeder should be involved in assessing the whelping capability of brood bitches as one essential point in the selection of sound stock. Normal parturition is described in a manner that might be used in the instruction of breeders and nursing auxiliaries in midwifery. In its classical three stages, the mechanics and hydraulics are explained in simple terms and the hormonal changes discussed in relation to each stage. The type of co-operation desired between veterinary surgeon and breeder is discussed and the instruction to be given on the recognition of dystocia is outlined. Some commonly met dystocias are described. Simple digitally-assisted delivery by the midwife/breeder is described as are the forceps techniques which may be applied by the veterinary surgeon in the course of diagnosis and delivery.


Accidental hypothermia during anaesthesia in dogs and cats. The rectal temperature of 15 cats and 18 dogs was recoded during anaesthesia and surgery.  There was a mean decrease of 3-4 degrees C in animals weighing less than 10kg and of 1-5 degrees C in animals weighing on average 30-2kg.  In four dogs which were protected from accidental hypothermia by the use of a circulating warm water blanket, the mean decrease in rectal temperature was 0-5 degrees C.


Hemivertebra in the dog: clinical and pathological observations. The clinical and radiographic findings associated with the presence of hemivertebra ("wedge-shaped"vertebra) in small and brachycephalic breeds of dogs are reported together with the results of post mortem examination in the availabel cases.  The condition is characterised clinically by progressive hind-leg weakness, spinal pain, abnormalities of the nervous system and evidence of muscle atrophy or other abnormalities of conformation.  Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is by radiography.  It is suggested that the condition is congenital in origin.  Breed incidences are reported.  The occurrence of the disorder in certain families of dogs suggests also that it may be hereditary.  Other congenital abnormalities are seen in some dogs affected by hemivertebrae.


[Chronic zinc-bacitracin toxicity in chickens]. The administration of zink-bacitracin, mainly bacipharmin, at rates of 300 mg per kg with the feed did not produce toxic effects in birds: there were no changes in the general condition and the blood picture, the activity of SGPT and SGOT, the blood level of sugar, and the microstructure of the viscera over a period of 90 days. However, doses of 1000 mg/kg of the preparation given with the feed to chickens led to sporadic cases of slightly expressed karyopycnosis in the renal tubules. Established was a growth-stimulating effect. By the end of the experimental period the relaive weight of the adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, and heart in the treated birds was lower in most of the cases as compared with the weight of the same organs in the control birds.


[Determination of biologically active protein fractions and their polypeptide chains in pseudoplague virus (NDV)]. The protein fractions of the intact Newcastle disease virus as well as those of a disintegrated NDV (treatment with tween 80, ether and triton times 100) were separated through electrophoresis on polyacrylamid gel. Determined were the biologic activity, molecular weight and number of polypeptid chains of each fraction. It was found that 5 of the fractions obtained are composed of aggregates of 3 polypeptid chains, and 2 of the fractions represent single polypeptide chains. The haemagglutination and neuraminidase activity of the virus were found to be linked with the aggregates having molecular weight within the range of from 144,000 to 180,000 daltons. The complement-fixing activity observed is possessed by the single polypeptid having molecular weight of 62,000 daltons. It was demonstrated that the NDV strain that is not pathogenic for birds possesses a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 70,000 daltons, at is is not involved in the building of the protein aggregates.


[Morphologic characteristics of the udder in healthy cows and in those with subclinical mastitis]. Studied were the values of 26 linear measurements of the udder in 50 normal cows and in 50 cows affected with subclinical mastitis, the animals used being of the Bulgarian Brown breed. A total of 19 indexes were established for each group.


[Epiphysiolysis in cattle].

[Epiphysiolysis in cattle]. Rentgenologically and clinically established cases of epiphysiolysis and apophysiolysis are described. They are observed primarily in cattle aged from 7--8 months to three years. Highest percentage of epiphysiolysis cases has been established with the distal epiphysis of the metatarsal bones (82.6%), and a negligible one has been observed (3 cases) in the distal epiphysis of the metacarpal bones. A single case has been established in the distal part of the tibia. The case of apophysiolysis concern the apophysis of the heel processus, tuber calcanei. Contributing factors are said to be the mechanical and traumatic influences, and predisposing ones are the distrubances in the bone-formation processes.


[Administration of streptomycin to the uterus by electrophoresis]. Comparative experimental studies on female dogs and rabbits revealed the extent to which the penetration and deposition of streptomycin in the tissues of the uterus, oviducts, mesometrium, ovaries, the blood serum and other organs take place. The antibiotic is applied i/m, via the uterus through electrohoresis following a method developed by the authors and through simple introduction into the uterus. Results have shown that the electrophoretic introduction of streptomycin is advantageous in terms of a readily achieved depot in the tissues mentioned above which remains active at values above the therapeutic concentrations 24 to 48 hours following the application of the antibiotic.


[Bacterial contamination of salted ocean mackerel during the production process]. Studied were the more important sources of bacterial contamination. Examined were the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scomburs) -- both its skin surface and the musculature prior to and after thawing, cleaning and washing and salting. Tested were also the cooking salt used, the brine, the conveyer bands, the vats for salting, the hands and clothing of the workers engaged as well as the water in the shop. The microbiologic study concerned the total bacterial count per gram of tissue (1 cu. cm, 1 squ. cm), the counts of coliforms, bacilli, moulds, yeasts, Salmonellae, and pathogenic staphylococci. It was found that during processing the microbial contamination of fish considerably rises. Some more important sources of primary microflora are the raw fish, the salt, brine, conveyers, and the workers' hands and overalls. The vats for salting and the water rank second as bacterial sources. Salmonellae and pathogenic staphylococci were not isolated. A considerable rise in fish microflora was observed during the process of thawing. Some changes are suggested for the technology of thawing as well as some measures to improve the sanitary and hygiene requirements to be observed during the production process.


(Vitamin B-12 in ground meat)

(Vitamin B-12 in ground meat). Studied was the vitamin B12 activity of minced meat obtained under productional conditions from freshly cooled (24 hours after slaughter) veal and pork. It was  found that the vitamin B12 content of the minced meat one hour after it had been obtained varied within the range of 0.0373 to 0.0432 micrograms per 100 g of dry matter. Later in the production process its activity turned out to be closely related to the temperature and period of storage as well as to the microbial content of meat. Cyanocobalamin is said to be the fraction that is most often established in mined meat, and very rarely some other fractions are found, such as Factor I (B12--Factor III).


[A comparative study of the anti-anemic effect of new Bulgarian iron-dextran complexes with miofer-100 and ferroglucin-75 in rats and swine]. It was found that the A-100 preparation (obtained from oxidized dextrane) produces highest antianaemic effects. It is to be used advantageously in cases of pigs born with negligible supplies of irod. Studied were the possibilities of inducing iron deficiency anemia in young rats through feeding with cow milk and macaroni having no eggs. The reticulocyte count rise and the drop in the haemoglobin level in the blood were shown to demonstrate most clearly the iron deficiency anaemia in albino rats. The anemia induced is said to be instrumental in the study of ferrodextrane preparations.


[Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from slaughtered birds]. Studied were some biologic properties of 76 strains of staphylococci isolated from slaughtered chickens. It was established that coagulase-positive staphylococci posses the basic properties of Staphylococcus aureus--they ferment mannite and glucose, can produce phosphatase, desoxyribonuclease, and hemolysines. By some of their properties -- type of hemolysines, coagulation of sheep and bovine plasta, production of fibrolysines, type of colonies as established by means of the crystal-violet test -- staphylococcus cultures isolated from slaughtered poultry differ from isolated from human beings, cattle and sheep. Besides, the studied strains of Staphylococcus aureus are lysed to a very low percent by the phages of the bovine set and the phages for typing the staphylococci, isolated from humans.  It may be assumed that the staphylococci occasionally found in birds can form a special group that require further studies.


[The pathogenesis of swine plague. The hepato-cerebral syndrome]. A total of 106 pigs were artificially infected with a pathogenic virus of swine fever band were later on killed at the time they had developed a characteristic clinical picture of acute fever. The post-mortem examination revealed that in sixteen animals there was equally expressed hemorrhagic diathesis, five of which had clinical icterus, five manifested subclinical icterus, and six showed no icterus. Histophathologic study was performed of the liver, the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. A correlation was found to exist between the extent to which the lesions had spread in the liver and the cerebrum, especially in the cases manifesting icterus (both clinical and subclinical). It gave grounds to assume that in animals affected with swine fever there exists the so-called cerebrum syndrome as described in the case of some other diseases.


[Sheep placenta water-soluble proteins]. Immunoelectrophoretic investigations were carried out with water-sault extractions from the placentae of 100 in-lamb ewes manifesting normal pregnancy, studying 20 animals during each month of pregnancy. The placentae were taken immediately after slaughter. The same investigations were performed also on a total of 40 placentae of ewes that had miscarried. Precipitation was carried out with hyperimmune sera against placental protein of the first and fifth month of pregnancy. Results showed that the placenta can synthetize proteins. In the first two months of pregnancy protein synthesis is at a lower stage, but in the 3rd, 4th and 5th month it becomes more intense. Each month's proteins are characterized by a specific immunoelectrophoretic picture. At the end of the first month as many as four fractions are established electrophoretically in the placental proteins, which, by the end of the pregnancy period rise up to ten. In the course of pregnancy, along with the organospecific proteins stage-specific ones are also synthetized. These can be demonstrated through active anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Abortions in ewes are said to disturb the normal synthesis of proteins. The "immunoelectrophoregrams" of ewes that have miscarried in the 3rd, 4th and 5th month of pregnancy reveal the drop in the intensity of the albumin fraction and the number of arcs (from 10 to 5) in the section of the alpha, beta and gamma globulins.


[The role of x-ray studies in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the axillary space]. Clinico-roentgenological findings in 148 patients with an axillary location of tumor are described. Thirty two of them had benign tumors (lipomas, fibromas, angiomas), 8-malignant (sarcomas), 57-systemic diseases associated with increased lymph nodes (lymphogranulomatosis, leucosis, etc), 18-inflammatory processes (tuberculosis, abscess), 35-accessory lobes of mammary glands. It was found that the method in question permitted, taking into account clinical data, in most cases to establish a differential diagnosis between various tumor processes of this localization.


[The ultrastructure of lymph node cells in lymphogranulomatosis]. An electron-microscopic study of lymph node cells in patients with lymphogranulomatosis has shown that the ultrastructure of these cells undergo some changes consisting in increased variability of the form and size of cellular organoids, and also being manifested in reticular cells to a greater degree than in lymphoid ones. A compparative study of cell ultrastructure at different stages of maturation and the analysis of literature data on ultrastructural changes in the process of differentiation of various cell types enabled to pinpoint further a conception of the morphological basis of differentiation at a subcellular level and to represent it schematically.


[Mass fluorographic studies and their role in detecting breast cancer]. The authors report their experience with the organization of mass fluorographic surveys of breast cancer conducted in the complex with check fluorography of the chest. The results of clinico-roentgenological investigations in 856 females, chosen with a suspicion to focal process in the mammary gland, among 17,000 females subjected to large film fluorgraphy are reported. Per each 1000 investigations there were revealed 22 cases of cancer and 8.1 cases of benign tumors and cysts of the mammary gland. Mass fluorographic survey for breast cancer is an efficient method of recognizing tumors of this localization.


[Pre-albumins of cancerous tissue of the stomach]. Studies of water soluble proteins of mucous and cancer tissue of the stomach were conducted by a method of electrophoresis in a polyacrylamid block. Under study were 18 postresection specimens (12--gastric cancer, 5--gastric ulcer, 1--duodenal ulcer). 5--7 prealbumin fractions were found in normal mucosa and that with histological changes typical for superficial and, sometimes, moderately pronounced atrophic gastritis. Gastric mucous membrane in marked atrophic, gastritis and of cancerous tissue were characterized by disappearance of the first 2,3, 4 prealbumin fractions or reduction of their peaks.


[Pneumomammography in the diagnosis of breast diseases]. An analysis of the efficacy of pneumomammography for diagnosis of different affections of the mammary gland in female and male individuals is presented. The former is based on 488 pneumographies.. A clinical and experimental experience with the use of pneumomammography has supported a high efficacy of pneumocystomammography.


[Hydroxycorticosteroids and the binding capacity of transcrotin in sarcoma 45]. In sarcoma 45 growth the concentration of all fractions of 11-oxycorticosteroids (11--OCS) was found to be increased. Maximum increase in concentration of total and bound 11--OCS was noted on the 7th and 10th day after transplantation. The content of total and bound  11 -- OCS on the 15th and 20th day of tumor growth was close to control values, however, the concentration of free 11 -- OCS exceeded the control level. At the 30th day of the experiment the values of total and bound 11 -- OCS were reliably decreased. While the free hormone content was within control limits. In a progressing malignant growth the binding capacity of transcortin is reduced up to 18.5% (the 30th day of the experiment) that makes 25% of the control value. The content of bound exogenic corticosterone in vitro ranged from 7.7 to 45.2 Mg% in the process of sarcorna 45 growth.


[Conservative treatment of lung cancer]. 393 inoperable patients with lung cancer of stage III and IV were given two or three chemical substances according to the schemes applied or one of cytostatics with telegamma therapy. Control patients were administered only cyclophosphan or subjected to telegamma therapy. The best immediate and late results were noted in objects receiving either three substances or gamma-radiation with antimetabolites, 5-fluoruracil in particular, An efficacy of the treatment was estimated depending on the morphological structure of a tumor. A toxic effect of the therapy employed on the gastrointestinal tract, hemopoiesis was studied.


[Cancer from the remnants of the thyrolingual duct]. Brief literature data on the incidence and difficulties of diagnosis of cancer arising in remnants of the thyroglossal duct are reported. Three personal authors' observations are described. The correct diagnosis was not established prior to surgery. Tumor removal with resection of the sublingual bone is recommended as the most rational method of treatment.


[Color scanning in the topical and differential diagnosis of kidney tumors]. Tre results of careful investigation in 36 patients with tumors of the renal parenchyma, operated upon during the period since 1969 to 1972, are described, Extirpation of the kidney was performed in 34 patients, tentative lumbotomy and biopsy--in 2. In all patients along with the use of roentgenological, laboratory and cytologic methods of investigation also radioisotope renography and color scanning have been accomplished.


[Development of cancer of the corpus uteri against a background of adenomatosis]. An attempt was made to differentiate various types of development of corpus uteri adenomatosis in the clinico-morphological aspect. Three forms of adenomatosis were differentiated: focal, diffuse and malignant adenomatosis. Studies of curetting specimens from the uterine body revealed adenomatosis in 3.4% of cases. Malignant adenoma of the corpus uteri was defined by the author as a malignantly transformed adenomatosis. Mos frequently adenomatosis developed at the age of 35-55 years, its transition to "adenomatous cancer" was noted in 30-40% of cases and more often in females aged 55-77 years.


[Exploratory thoracotomies in lung cancer]. The causes of tentative thoractomies were analyzed in 56 patients with pulmonary cancer. Retrospectively, operative findings were compared with the results of clinicoroentgenological, bronchological studies and mediastinoscopy, The most frequent causes of uneffective interventions were as follows: massive metastatic involvement of lymph nodes of the lung hilus and mediastinum (in 26 patients) and perivasal tumor dissemination (in 18 patients).


[Blast transformation of the peripheral lymphocytes in cervical cancer during the radiotherapy process]. The reaction of blast-transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in 60 patients with cervical cancer depending on a stage and radiotherapy applied. A progression of the tumor process reduces the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes for blasttransformation in the FHA stimulated culture. The conducted radiotherapy would enhance a suppression of functional properties of T-lymphocytes. The use of the blasttransformation reaction seems to be possible for estimation of changes in the cellular immunity in oncological patients during radiotherapy.


Copper and iron content and the ceruloplasmin activity in the leukocytes, erythrocytes and blood serum in uterin fibromyoam before after surgery. Fourty two patients with uterine fibromyoma aged from 21 to 68 years have been investigated prior to surgery and after it. The iron content and ceruloplasmin activity in blood serum are considerably higher than normal before the operation and markedly decreased after it. The iron content in blood serum and leucocytes pre- and postoperatively is lower while in erythrocytes higher than normal. There is some parellelism in redistribution of iron between serum and the formed elements of blood in the postoperative period.


[Transformational activity of the oncornaviruses isolated from RH and Hep-2 cell lines]. Oncornaviruses isolated from transplantable cell cultures Hep-2 and RH were used for inoculating primary tripsinized cell cultures of human foetal kidney (HFK) and human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF). In all 15 cases no transformation of HEF cells was noted. In inoculation of HFK with oncornaviruses isolated from RH cell culture in 2 of 16 cases there were obtained transformed cell cultures: HFK+VRH and HFK+VRH Mc) occurred twice as fast. The transformed cell cultures have gone through 15-23 passages and were characterized by a high mitotic activity, production of oncornaviruses, type A and B, and absence of contact inhibition, a capacity for multistratum three-dimensional growth, the modal number of chromosomes 64 and a mixed type AB of electrophoretic mobility of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.


[Effect of the degree of hypothermia on the intensity of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in a tumor and in normal tissue]. In rats were Heren carcinoma at the initial stage of hypothermia (30-31 degrees C) in hepatic tissues there was observed at a greater intensity of protein and nucleic acids synthesis contrary to its marked reduction in tumor tissues. In tumor tissues a cessation of protein synthesis was observed at 20-21 degrees C. while that of nucleic acids at 14-15 degrees C. Under these regimens of hypothermia no complete cessation of protein and nucleic acids synthesis in hepatic tissue occurred. However, their synthesis was markedly suppressed.


[Carcinogenic activity of a 4,4-diaminobiphenyl ester]. 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (dadpe) was injected subcutaneously (once a week) or given per orally (1-5 times a week) in rats in a dose of 25 mg/per rat and in mice of line CC57W in a dose of 5 mg/per mouse. Administration of the substance produced in mice and rats under study renal lesions of the nephrosis type with a nephritic component. In later stages of the experiment some rats showed adenomatous regeneration and formation of renal cysts, in one rat hypernephroid cancer of the kidney was observed. Tumors of different localizations were found in 44% of rats (in 7 of 16 animals), and in 57% of mice (in 8 of 14 animals) in experiments with peroral administration of the substance; in 18% of rats (in 7 of 39 animals) and in 33% of mice (in 3 of 9 animals) in experiments with subcutaneous injection of the substance. The results of the experiments have evidenced an insignificant blastomogenic action of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.


[Adrenal cortical function in the combined treatment of lung cancer]. Ninety five patients with pulmonary cancer were investigated. It was found that in lung cancer a correlation of total 17-ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids is changed on account of decreased androgenic hormones and increased glucocorticoid hormones. A response to the operative trauma is not the same in different objects. Following radiotherapy in most patients a reliable inhibition of the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex was observed.


Isoniazid-associated hepatitis--serum enzyme determinations and histologic features. A prospective study of 208 patients treated for up to 12 months with isoniazid (INH((R))) for tuberculosis prophylaxis was made. Levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase (SGOT) became elevated in 20 percent of the adults followed and in 30 percent predominantly nonspecific symptoms developed, in 11 percent simultaneously with SGOT elevation; SGOT levels became elevated in two of 33 children and 1 was symptomatic. Mild SGOT elevations in asymptomatic adults were self-limited; however, a small percentage of symptomatic adults showed prolonged SGOT elevation for months after INH was completed. Results of liver biopsy studies in the early stages of SGOT elevation generally showed portal and periportal lymphocytic infiltrations with lesser numbers of plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils.


The consequences of habitual knuckle cracking. Habitual knuckle cracking in children has been considered a cause of arthritis. A survey of a geriatric patient population with a history of knuckle cracking failed to show a correlation between knuckle cracking and degenerative changes of the metacarpal phalangeal joints.


Optimal fluoridation--The concept and its application to municipal water fluoridation. Optimal fluoridation has been defined as that fluoride exposure which confers maximal cariostasis with minimal toxicity and its values have been previously determined to be 0.5 to 1 mg per day for infants and 1 to 1.5 mg per day for an average child. Total fluoride ingestion and urine excretion were studied in Marin County, California, children in 1973 before municipal water fluoridation. Results showed fluoride exposure to be higher than anticipated and fulfilled previously accepted criteria for optimal fluoridation. Present and future water fluoridation plans need to be reevaluated in light of total environmental fluoride exposure.


Inhalation therapy--A joint accord on the role of respiratory (inhalation) therapy personnel in airway management and endotracheal intubation. Joint Accord on the Role of Respiratory (Inhalation) Therapy Personnel in Airway Management and Endotracheal Intubation endorsed by the California Medical Association, the California Hospital Association, the California Society for Respiratory Therapy, the California Society of Anesthesiologists and the California Thoracic Society.


[Biosynthesis of collagen and mode of action of D-penicillamine (author's transl)]. The biosynthesis and metabolism of collagen are complex processes and are regulated by different enzyme systems. In theory these processes can be influenced at a number of different stages. The therapeutic prevention of excessive collagen and fibril synthesis is a desirable aim, although there is a lack of substances suitable for this purpose. One substance employed is D-penicillamine (D-PA), which blocks aldehyde condensation, inhibits the cross-linking of the peptide chains and the formation of collagen fibrils. Other characteristics of D-PA which are of therapeutic interest are chelate formation with heavy metals and the depolymerizing action on macroglobulins. D-PA may possibly by of some value in the chemotherapy of certain tumours and for sensitizing tumour cells to irradiation. It remains to be investigated whether D-PA or similar substances could be of therapeutic value in arteriosclerosis, in which an increased deposition of collagen in the basal membranes is the fundamental process. The successful therapeutic use of D-PA in rheumatoid arthritis and chronic active cirrhoses of the liver justifies the hope that this substance may favourably influence disorders of collagen metabolism.