[Work capacity of women after treatment for breast cancer]. Under consideration are the results of the analysis of 209 questionnaires from females, subjected to surgical and radiotherapy for cancer of the mammary gland. Among 134 patients with group 2 invalidism 100 patients resumed their former activities. During first two years following the treatment 28 of them had to change their occupation. Sixty three females did not work at all after the treatment. The main causes leading to partial or complete loss of the efficiency were complications of radical mastectomy for cancer such as: pain, edema of the upper extremity at the site of the operation and its limited motion in the shoulder joint.


Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the treatment of obesity: a critical assessment of the Simeons method. Injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) have been claimed to aid in weight reduction by reducing hunger, and affecting mood as well as aiding in localized (spot) reduction. We have tested these claims in a double-blind randomized trial using injections of HCG or placebo. Weight loss was identical between the two groups, and there was no evidence for differential effects on hunger, mood or localized body measurements. Placebo injections, therefore, appear to be as effective as HCG in the treatment of obesity.


[Mechanocardiographic diagnosis of impaired cardiac function (author's transl)]. The value and limitations of phonocardiography, systolic time intervals, apex cardiography and kinetocardiography in the diagnosis of impaired cardiac function during rest and haemodynamic stress were critically reviewed on the basis of studies carried out in our laboratory, as well as reports in the literature. When compared with invasively-obtained measurements, none of the above-mentioned techniques allows the prediction of heart function quantitatively in a single given patient. However, when one considers the broad overlap of mechanocardiographic measurements in normal subjects and patients with heart disease and defines an abnormal mechanocardiogram accordingly, these methods may be used to diagnose abnormal cardiac function with adequate specificity though low sensitivity.


[The influence of mexiletin on ventricular arrhythmias during ergometric exercise (author's transl)]. Wireless telemetric ECG observations and suitably-graded ergometric loads to reach an age-dependent maximum heart rate of about 130/min. are suited for the critical examination of released ventricular arrhythmias requiring therapeutic aid. In the recovery period after ergometric exercise the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is twice as great as at rest or during normal physical activity. Even in the recovery period distinct ST depressions were observed. The hypothesis that myocardial ischaemia predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias as a result of electrophysiological instability is apparently supported by these findings. Mexitil--a potent class I antiarrhythmic drug--significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias at rest, normal physical activity and after ergometric loading during initial intravenous therapy followed by continuous oral administration over a three-week period at a daily dosage of 600 to 800 mg. No significant haemodynamic effects were observed, especially with respect to the pump function of the heart during oral or intravenous therapeutic administration.


[Arrhythmias during catheterization of patients with acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. Arrhythmias in forty consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction during ventricle passage of floating catheters were compared with those in forty patients with chronic heart disease. Lidocaine (1 mg/kg body weight i. v.) as a bolus proved to be effective in reducing the incidence of these arrhythmias, because the number of single ventricular premature beats (VPBs), and the number of VPBs in salves was significantly reduced. Haemodynamic changes due to this bolus are small and short-lasting, so that they are acceptable, especially when continuous monitoring of the patients is attempted. Furthermore dangerous arrhythmias are reported in 1600 cases treated with floating catheters.


[Emergency treatment with a temporary balloon-floated pacemaker electrode (author's transl)]. The "blind" insertion of a balloon-tipped pacemaker electrode is a suitable method when emergency pacing at the bedside is needed. The disadvantage of placement of the electrode without fluoroscopic control is counter-balanced by the saving of time and the lesser stress and risk involved for the patient, who is not required to be moved to a fluoroscopic room.


[Low molecule and middle molecule metabolites with haemodynamic activity in the ultrafiltrate from uraemic patients (author's transl)]. Substances causing blood pressure changes and myocardial damage in rats were first detected in the ultrafiltrate obtained from patients on long-term haemodialysis by means of size separation, high-voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. Of the 100 to 140 fractions produced by Sephadex G 15 chromatography at least 3 raised the blood pressure when administered in doses of 2 to 10 mg/0.1 to 0.2 ml 0.9% NaCl, that is the high molecular fraction 18 to 23 and the low molecular fractions 71 to 72 and 73 to 74. The fractions 96 to 98 and 97 to 106 showed high toxicity. Less than 1 mg/0.1 to 0.2 ccm 0.9% NaCl produced cardiac arrest. The fractions 35 to 55, which originate from the middle molecules and are retained in regularly uraemia, contain substances which caused a reduction in blood pressure at low dosage and cardiotoxic effects at a dosage of more than 10 mg. Thin-layer chromatography indicates that the substances most probably consist of peptides whose structure contains the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and cystine.


[Interference of reticulocyte metabolism with enzyme activity analyses in haemolytic anaemias (author's transl)]. This paper outlines the procedure for the preparation of leucocyte-free reticulocytes and normocytes and details the activities of the key enzymes in reticulocytes, normocytes and leucocytes. An assesment of the error in normocyte enzyme analyses due to contamination with reticulocytes and leucocytes is enabled by these means.


[Physical performance in patients with focal infection ergospirometric stress-testing before and after tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. The diagnosis of a focal infection in 13 patients (6 men and 7 women, aged 18 to 36) was based on the findings of chronic tonsillitis and general complaints interpreted as focal symptoms. The patients underwent symptom-limited maximal stress-testing before and after tonsillectomy to rule out any impairment of physical performance on the basis of computer-assisted processing of ergospirometric data. It can be concluded that the actual data of maximal oxygen uptake (aerobic power), the phenomenon of adaptation to increasing work loads (derived from rating of the increase in oxygen uptake during rectangular-triangular bicycle ergometry), the on-line processed index of anaerobic power and the anaerobic threshold, as well as heart rate and arterial blood pressure regulation did not differ in these patients from findings in healthy subjects. Nor were these parameters altered by tonsillectomy. Tonsillar focal infection is unlikely to cause any impairment of physical performance with respect to parameters of cardio-respiratory and metabolic function.


[Complete occlusion of the aortic arch in an adult (author's transl)]. This paper reports the case of a 55-year-old patient with complete obstruction of the aorta between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. The arterial blood supply to the lower half of the body is provided by extensive collateral networks in the region of the right hemithorax, the neck and the base of the brain. Only 10 similar cases appear to have been described in the literature; our patient seems to be the oldest so far.


Levels, trends, differentials and causes of child mortality-a survey. This paper attempts to give an overview of current levels of child mortality prevailing in the world. It also examines trends and socioeconomic differentials in child mortality for selected countries and regions of the world. Lastly it reviews data on causes of child death and related environmental factors. The paper concludes that despite the fact that child deaths are frequently avoidable, mortality differentials between the developed and developing regions of the world are more pronounced in childhood (ages one to under five years) than at any other time of life. While some developing countries have substantially reduced the level of mortality in childhood, in others it remains very high. In contrast, in most developed countries child death rates are now so low, that they no longer serve as useful measures of public health.


[Investigations on the extension of smoking among the working youth of the German Democratic Republic and on the smoking habits of Leipzig Youth]. In an extensive study performed in 1975 the extent of smoking among 4000 working adolescents of GDR was analysed. The results are approximately representative for the whole working youth of GDR in the age period of 17 to 25 years. The portion of smokers is represented approximately in dependence on socio-demographic factors and on social positions. The main results are as follows. 45%  of the working youth in GDR are smokers; 55% being among male adolescents and 36% among female ones. The increasing extension of smoking habits must be first of all attributed to the growing proportion of female smokers. From all seizable influencing factors the levels of education and qualification have the most significant effect to the proportion of smokers to nonsmokers, the percentage of smokers significantly decreasing with increasing level of education and qualification. More detailed data on the smoking habits of adolescents are based on a longitudinal study of the Zentralinstitut für Jugendforschung begun in 1968 and continued every year in the same population investigating the development of the personality of adolescents and its determination in 600 Leipzig pupils of the 6th form. Onset of smoking, occasional and habitual smoking, average cigarette consumption per day and motivation for nonsmoking are analysed. Conclusions are drawn from these investigations for the prevention of smoking.


[Number of smokers in students (results of a panel-study)]. 65% of female and 45% of male enrolers score as non-smokers. This number does not change much in time of study. After studentship this number does not increase also, but the number of cigarettes smoked by the smokers is increasing. As the results of the panel-study (2000 students) show are the habits of smoking/non-smoking very stable. Smokers and non-smokers differ in various traits of personality.


[Epidemiology of chronic non-specific pulmonary diseases in Yugoslavia (author's transl)]. In Yugoslavia the diseases of the respiratory system (without tuberculosis) ranges with 23% in front of all other organ-localised diseases. 53--95% of all chronic non-specific lung diseases are registrated in the chest clinics of the different republics. 67% of all lung diseases registrated belong to the obstructive syndrom, 6% are bronchial carcinomas and 27% represent the group of other chronic pulmonary diseases. 31,5%  of all patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis are younger than 50 years old, 34,7% are in the age-group between 50-65 years. Assuming the best registered incidence and prevalence rates of bronchial carcinoma, chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema in Slowenia as a basis, the expected morbidity of these diseases in each autonomic republic are compared.


[Are repeated controls of the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) necessary in examinations of bronchial reactivity? (author's transl)]. In 432 patients examinations of bronchial reactivity with the acetylcholin test (3 min. inhalation of a 0.1% acetylcholine solution) were carried out with testing FEV1 immediately, 5 min. and 10 min. after stopping inhalation. It could be shown that the extent of bronchial hyperreactivity can be found by a single determination after acetylcholine provocation. It is proposed to use this one-step method for routine examinations and to measure FEV1 five min. after stopping inhalation. For clinical evaluation the intensity of bronchial reaction has also to be considered and estimated.


[Complications in bilateral large lung cysts (author's transl)]. Complications in bilateral, congenital or acquired large cystic lesions in the lungs are a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized. When surgical treatment is necessary, decisions about the surgical procedures should be made knowing the in situ condition. Cooperation in decision making between bronchologist and thoracic surgeon is required.


[Practical and theoretical aspects of genetic family counselling in mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. It is now obvious that mucoviscidosis possesses an autosomatic recessive heredity. It is not yet clear whether the cause will be found in only one or in several mutant genes. A definite assertion on the genetics of mucoviscidosis can not be done until a practicable test for heterozygotes is available allowing representative investigations. As long as this is not so a repeat risk of at least 25% should be taken as a basis for adequately counselling parents of patients with mucoviscidosis.


[Influence of rhodanid applied during phase of immunisation on the development of experimental bronchial asthma in guinea pig (author's transl)]. A state similar to bronchial asthma  was provoced in guinea pigs by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin followed by inhalation of ovalbumin-aerosol. Pulmonary impedance, the ratio of maximal esophagus pressure and tidal volume, was decreased significantly by treatment of rhodanid.


[Functional morphology of the pleura (author's transl)]. Peculiarities of topography, structure and injuries are responsible for the pathomorphological behaviour of the pleura. Its characteristical macro- and microscopic alterations are correlated with the typical cytological findings of effusions. Additionally to the pleural reactions in acute inflammation, the postpleuritic functional disturbances of pleura and lung are reported.


[Clinical experience with Sulprim].

[Clinical experience with Sulprim]. Sulprim is composed of trimethoprim and sulphametoxazol. By potentiation of a bactericidal effect develops with a very broad antibacterial spectre. The Polish experiences in the therapy of infections of the urinary tracts, infections of the respiratory tract, gonorrhoea, bacterial skin diseases, combustions and paediatric infections confirm the equivalence with foreign preparations of the same composition. All side effects were reversible.


[Studies of human serum and lung-tissue oxacillin levels]. After the intramuscular administration of 500 mg oxacillin (oxacillin-chinoin) the serum level and the level of the pulmonary tissue of 15 patients operated on account of different diseases of the respiratory tract were determined by means of the agar diffusion method. In the first hour the serum level showed the average value of 11.8 mcg/ml, the level of the pulmonary tissue was 2.4 mcg/g. 60-120 minutes after the administration the serum level rapidly diminished, the decrease of the level of the pulmonary tissue was smaller, i.e. oxacillin was more rapidly excreted from the serum than from the pulmonary tissue. Taking into consideration the minimum inhibition concentration of oxacillin on the basis of our results we are of the opinion that oxacillin is suitable for the treatment of gram-positive oxacillin-sensitive infections of the lungs.


[Allergic side-effects of antimicrobial chemotherapy and possibilities in their diagnosis]. In antimicrobial chemotherapy the allergic reactions are in the first place of the side-effects appearing. The most frequent cause of the iatrogenic contact eczema antimycotics and chloramphenicol are to be taken into consideration. Penicillin and its derivations and chloramphenicol form the main proportion of the allergic in systematic administration. The serologico-nephelometric two-step-method and the lymphocyte transformation test are useful methods for the diagnostics of drug allergies. In a use adequate to indication they are valuable adjuvants in the hand of the clinician.


Therapeutic possibilities in mucosal and organ mycoses. From the practical experience and from own results of examinations in the therapy of mycoses of mucous membrane and organ resulted the following problems: It is necessary a sufficient concentration of the antimycotic remedy in the place of the growth of the fungus on and in the tissues. It depends on the kind of application, absorptive capacity and compatibility. When pre-disposing factors are present the gastrointestinal tract should be cleaned up as the most important reservoir. Repeated determinations of the causative organisms and tests of the resistance are necessary for therapy.


[Resistance problems in mucosal and organ mycoses]. When there is a suspicion of the presence of a mycosis an exact diagnosis is necessary. Apart from the qualitative and quantitative culture to this also belongs an analysis of mycological kinds and a testing of the resistance against antimycotic drugs. The culture of primarily resistant yeast strains and the observation of a change of the mycological causative organisms render this demand urgent.


[Incidence and therapy of fungal infections of the efferent urinary pathways]. Manifest infections with fungi of the urinary tract are rare in comparison with bacterial diseases and therefore they are often overseen. When this is concerned a funguria must always be clarified in chronic pyelonephritis. In patients with manifest infections with fungi without pronounced renal insufficiency 5-fluorocytosin is therapeutically very well suited on account of the renal elimination.


[The antistreptolysin reaction with and without dextran sulfate addition in various diseases]. It is reported on the results of determinations of the antistreptolysin titre in patients with infectious hepatitis, renal and essential hypertension, mitral stenosis, acute tonsillitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever as well as rheumatoid arthritis according to the usual and the dextran sulphate absorption method in altogether 739 patients. Here as in a former publication in 1,700 normal persons partly considerable significant differences between the antistreptolysin titre with and without dextran sulphate were found. The two techniques are discussed, also the influence of the beta-lipoproteins with their proportion of phosphatide on the result of the antistreptolysin titre. It is possible to absorb beta-lipoproteins and perhaps also phosphatides with the help of the addition of dextran sulphate. The present investigations show unequivocally that the absorption the dextran sulphate is a necessary demand which saves the clinician from diagnostic and therapeutic errors. The antistreptolysin reaction is to be regarded only as one constituent for the clinical diagnosis and must not be overvalued in its importance.


[Mycobacterial infections in internal medicine patients]. It is reported on four own observations of atypical mycobacteriosis, which had been evident within the clinical examinations of a larger mixed number of patients with internal diseases. In three patients pathogenic significance must be ascribed to the proved atypical mycobacteria. All the three had other basic diseases. Only in one patient it appeared as a purely pulmonary form of manifestation. On the basis of a further observation is shown that a single proof of atypical mycobacteria may be regarded only as accidental findings. The clinical symptomatology of this group of diseases is multiform. The differential-diagnostic considerations are usually determined by the basic disease. As apart from this the proof of atypical mycobacteria is difficult, infections with these microorganisms might at present not infrequently remain infrequently. The observation of a disease by mycobacterium xenopi emphasizes that also in this microorganism good chances of success may be given by medicamentous antituberculotic therapy.


[Late sequelae of rib fractures].

[Late sequelae of rib fractures]. For an assessment of the late lesions after rib fractures 108 patients having had an accident between 1968 and 1973 were followed up. As to the individual signs observed, the patients were very heterogeneous. Radiodiagnostic, spirometric and scintigraphic data were compiled in order to characterize the late morphologic and functional lesions. By means of correlation and discrimination analyses as well as tests of significance we found that the extension of the late lesions depends either on the age of the patient nor on the number of fractured ribs but, instead, on concomitant intrathoracic lesions. The late morphologic lesions such as deformedly healed rib fractures and pleural thickening were the substrate for the ventilative and circulatory disturbances of the lung.


[Toxic hepatoses due to Gravistat].

[Toxic hepatoses due to Gravistat]. With the help of 5 cases with toxic hepatosis by administration of Gravistat the problems concerning ovulation inhibitor and toxic hepatosis were explained. The clinical, paraclinical and histological findings may be pronounced differently. Anamnestically in prescribing ovulation inhibitors particularly a jaundice during pregnancy or a pronounced pruritus in the 3rd trimester of the pregnancy must be taken into consideration. Toxic liver damage may appear not only when the ovulation inhibitor is given the first time, but also after changing it. For this reasons idiopathic jaundice during pregnancy and condition after toxic hepatosis by ovulation inhibitor in every case must be regarded as contraindications for the application of oral contraceptives. In order to establish subclinical courses a control of transaminases in the first three cycles of using the remedies is to be demanded.


[Recurrent metabolic alkalosis due to pyloric stenosis]. After an inability to work lasting 15 months with 9 treatments in an inpatient department in several institutions in a 33-year-old patient the relapsing metabolic alkalosis in hypopotassiaemia and relapsing increase of the creatinine level could causally be clarified by establishment of a pylorus stenosis in chronic duodenal ulcer. Due to the Billroth II operation a complete clinical and objective improvement developed. In this case the transient retention of substances normally contained in the urine was conditioned by a hypokalaemic nephropathy. The cause of the hypokalaemia was the vomiting by pylorus stenosis. The histologically ascertained glomerulonephritis had no causal significance for the pathological process.


[Clinical results in the management of mycoses using 5-fluorocytosine]. Among the approved antimycotic remedies for the general treatment nystatin and amphotericin B of the group of polyenes, griseofulvin (benzofuran), 5-fluorocytosine (antimetabolite) as well as clotrimazol and micomazol (imidazol derivatives) may be mentioned. The preparation 5-fluorocytosine (ancotil) is a valuable enlargement of the hitherto used sortiment of antimycotics. It does not only supersede the hitherto approved orally effective, not absorbed preparations nystatin and clotrimazol as well as the resorbable griseofulvin and also not the intravenously applicable amphotericin B. In many cases it can substitute the more effective amphotericin B and has the essential advantage of the lacking or more insignificant side effects, respectively, compared with the loaded in this respect amphotericin B. On account of the danger of the development of resistance 5-fluorocytosine is to be avoided for local treatment.


[Results of cellular immune reaction assessment under 5-fluorocytosine therapy]. In the judgment of cellular immune reactions with the help of LTT, taking into consideration age-specific variations in generalised mycoses negative and decreased results, respectively, are found after testing with PHA, PPD, in the mixed culture and with candidine. After overcoming of the generalisation of fungi the finding normalised. While using metabolites in other clinical pictures always a decrease of the cellular immune reaction is found, under treatment with 5-fluorocytosin in generalised mycoses no decrease of the transformation of lymphocytes is to be observed. Here after successful therapy even an adequate increase is shown. The examinations confirm the opinion that 5-fluorocytosin does not condition an influence on the function of the T-lymphocytes.


[EDP (electronic data processing) and medicine]. The paper deals with the description of the regions of the use of automatized processing of medical informations; i.e. the basic processes of the information processing referred to patients in the hospital, the information and documentation referred to patients, the information relations between the place demading efficiencies and bringing efficiencies in the medical institution including systems organized in the territory as well as the finding of decisions in medicine. With the description of the individual regions of use are connected considerations of the utility, issuing from the project of the electronic data processing realised at the Medical Academy Dresden. The regions of application described make clear that the tasks of the automatized processing of medical informations extend to the following: Taking over of functions of the description of information and the storage of information, taking over of functions of the comparison of informations and the control of information, taking over of functions of the organisational preparation and the planning of diagnostic and therapeutic courses as well as the taking over of functions of the information integration. It is clearly to be established that the electronic data processing shall not restrict the turning of the physician to the patient, but shall improve and enlarge it. The electronic data processing is a modern means of work which with progressing scientific and technical development medicine needs just as much as other technical procedures and methods.


[Basic principles of anemia diagnosis].

[Basic principles of anemia diagnosis]. Anaemias are diseases, which are characterized by a decreased concentration of haemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood. They can be classified on the basis of etiopathogenetic and laboratory-diagnostic principles. From this results a differentialdiagnostic model of thinking, which may relieve the differential diagnosis on the basis of anamnesis and careful clinical examination and with aimed use of laboratory primary and additional examinations. It is particularly to be taken into consideration that anaemias very often may be complication or symptom of most various basic diseases. To combat an anaemia "differential-diagnostically" ex juvantibus by means of iron and/or vitamin B12, must be generally refused.


[Iron-deficiency syndrome].

[Iron-deficiency syndrome]. A short survey is given on iron deficiency, its pathophysiology, the causes, the clinical symptomatology and the therapeutic possibilities. On account of the abundance of the material only the most important facts could be treated. Hereby the clinical practice was particularly taken into consideration. Essential theoretical questions have been outlined only in short.


[Diagnosis and therapy of megaloblastic anemias]. In most cases megaloblastic anaemias are the sequel of a deficiency of vitamin B12, more infrequently of a deficiency of folic acid of different etiology. Oriented to frequency and anamnesis the diagnostics follows the leading symptoms of pernicious anaemia (straw colour, glossitis, achlorhydria) and on the basis of special findings in the peripheral blood (hyperchromacia, megalocytosis, much decreased number of reticulocytes, increased iron and bilirubin level) it leads to the proved suspicion of a megaloblastic anaemia. This suspicion is ascertained by the investigation of the bone-marrow, with the help of aimed investigations the anaemia is further clarified differential-diagnostically. An unclear anaemia should not be treated ex juvantibus with vitamin B12 and/or folic acid. The therapy, always taking into consideration a possible basic disease, is carried out by parenteral application of vitamin B12, possibly in form of hydroxocobalamine or by folic acid. In persisting disturbance of the resorption of vitamin B12 on account of the threatening complication of a funicular spinal disease the long-term therapy must never be interrupted, unless in normal haematological findings.


[Bone-marrow insufficiency].

[Bone-marrow insufficiency]. In a survey the definition of the notions insufficiency of the bone marrow, panmyelopathy, panmyelophthisis and aplastic anaemia, the subdivision into congenital and acquired forms as well as to the clinical course, the epidemiologic situation as well as the distribution according to age and sex are described. More in detail the author enters the etiological factors, in which cases the etiological classification of the individual case may be connected with considerable difficulties. Exogenic noxae are subdivided into factors dependent on dose and independent on dose as pathogenetic principles. In this connection professional noxious substances as well as unwished side-effects of medicaments are discussed more in detail. Despite all variety the possibilities of therapy are limited.


[Problems in the differential diagnosis and therapy of tumorous and infectious anemias]. Despite the complexity of etiological factors and pathogenetic processes was tried to demarcate differential-diagnostically the different forms of tumour anaemias (haemorrhagic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, megaloblastic and haemolytic anaemia as well as tumour anaemia in closer sense) and the infection anaemia with the aim to make possible a differentiated practical therapy.


[Automated microbiological information system]. The microbiological information system ISM gives the possibility to collect data of patients and findings on punch strips, to transmit the findings to the senders and to store and evaluate the data according to medical points of view and for the purpose of performance statistics. The essential elements of the system are demonstrated and the basic principles of the data processing apparatus type R300 are described. Here the author particularly enters the calculator-internal testing processes for elimination of codation and punching errors. Finally the further development of the information system provided is briefly sketched. The advantages of the use of electronic data processing result from 1. the simplificstion and unification of the information relations, 2. the reduction of writing work, 3. the centralised transmission of findings, 4. the increased security of data and 5. the possibility of mathematico-statistical evaluations of the stored data material. According to its basic conception the information system ISM may be used universally and it is possible to enlarge it.


[Use of the EDP (electronic data processing) technic in the control of digitalis-glycoside therapy]. A computer programme for the digitalis therapy developed by us was tested in 282 patients with heart insufficiency. It helps to control the course of the therapy, to establish the optimum fully effective dose of the individually determined glycoside sensitivity and to decrease significantly the danger of an overdosage.


[Relationships between the value of combined PAH-inulin clearance, the kidney-cortex index as well as between additional radiographic findings in chronic pyelonephritis]. In 85 patients with ascertained chronic pyelonephritis the relations between the measured values of the combined PAH-inulin-clearance, the index of the adrenal cortex and other radiological findings were investigated. Here the determination of the cortex of the adrenal cortex resulted in a better correlation with the sizes clarification values than the calculation of the size of the kidney. By variance analysis (F-test) significant differences between the individual function groups became clear.


[Temperature behavior of infusion solutions]. Since rheological qualities (density, viscosity) of solutions depend upon temperature and consecutively influence the conditions of current, i. e. among others the dropping speed of the solutions to be infused, the behaviour of the temperature of the solutions glucose 50, 200, alvesin "new", fructose 400, intralipid 10%, sorbitoli 100, electrolytic infusion 153 DAB 7 and as comparative fluid distilled water was investigated. All solutions showed qualitatively the same behaviour. In an infusion not running after 3 till 4 hours at all levels of the infusion bottle an assimilation of the temperature of refrigerator to room temperature is to be expected. In running infusion after about one hour the infusion solution in the canule reaches room temperature, whereas the temperature of the solution in the infusion bottle is about 10 degrees C lower. With increasing speed of infusion this difference in temperature decreases. A constancy of the rheological qualities of an infusion solution is, therefore, in non-running infusion to be reached after about three hours, in running infusion after about one hour, in case that before the solution had the temperature of the refrigerator (4 degrees C till 10 degrees C). The dropping speed is influenced in such a case only by the changing of the hydrostatic pressure.


[Socio-biorhythm of heart-infarct mortality--the subcycle of weekdays]. Examinations of all persons who suddenly on the way died of myocardial infarction who were 70 years old and younger (so-called U-cases) in the GDR from 1970 to 1974 on the basis of certificates of death resulted in a statistically significant different distribution of persons who died on the way to the physician or in the waiting-room (so-called cases U3) compared with persons who suddenly died during transport (so-called cases U4) in 6 town-counties. From the results regional-specific causes of organizational kind in the outpatient public health and at the level of population could be derived as well as conclusions could be made for the secondary prevention by decrease of the socially determined subcycles.


[Demonstration of ECG-triggered, two-dimensional ultrasonic cross-sectional pictures of the heart]. It is reported on experiences with the demonstration of twodimensial cut pictures of the heart by means of the ultrasound device "Vidoson". To receive temporarily exactly defined picture, a trigger mechanism for releasing the camera dependent on the R-lead of the ECG is described as supplementation for the device. The advantages and possibilities of such defined cut pictures of the heart are shown.


[Participation of gonads in chronic poisonings with heavy metals]. On the basis of clinical examinations in 23 of 37 patients with chronic heavy metal intoxications hypofunctions of the gonads were proved in the sense of a deficitary spermatogenesis. By application of gonadotropic hormones the spermatogenesis could be stimulated, so that a deficient excretion of hormones in toxic lesion of the hypothalamo-hypophysary structures of the patients is to be taken into consideration.


[Matched-pair analysis--technic and results demonstrated on the example of breast cancer]. The matched pair analysis is a well-known, but rarely used method. This method is recommended for the following problems: preparation of a controlled clinical experiment based upon the results of a retrospective analysis of results of therapy; analysis of results from a controlled clinical experiment in sub-groups; influence of non-therapeutic factors on the prognosis; epidemiological problems and study of the course of diseases. A matched pair analysis of about 300 female patients with breast carcinoma failed to show significant differences between (a) radical mastectomy alone, (b) radical mastectomy followed by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, and (c) preoperative irradiation followed by radical mastectomy.


[1st experience on the use of an automatic ECG analysis in a large industrial plant in Erfurt]. By means of a device system consisting of constituents of the SW-production and own developmental works in the factory Kombinat VEB Umformtechnik (combinate nationally owned enterprise transformation technology) for the first time ECG serial examinations were performed with the help of the mechanical ECG-analysis. The corrected orthogonal system of Frank with 3 leads served as deviation system. The ECG-registration was independently performed by function nurses. 1,720 male and female workers of this factory at the age of 21 to 59 years served as test persons. The ECG-registration lasted 20 sec., the whole time of examination including the changing of clothes and the way from the working place to the examination room did not last more than 4 to 8 min. As diagnosis programme served that one developed by Pipberger. The mechanical analysis resulted in 74.4% in a normal course of the electrocardiographic current curve. Among the pathological or abnormal ECGs (25.6%) prevailed the vegetative-functional heart diseases with 92%. Then followed the chronic ischaemic heart diseases with 7.9% and the hypertension with 5.1%. Diseases of the heart and the blood circulation established for the first time referred to 8.9%. Of them 5% needed control and 3.9% needed therapy.


[The course of asymptomatic diabetes under varying preventive therapy--concluding report of a 5-year prospective study]. During a prospective study the course of asymptomatic diabetes in different preventive treatment (diet, additionally tolbutamide, carbutamide or buformin) was observed concerning the frequency of manifestation and the behaviour of the oral glucose tolerance. Among the 100 protodiabetics after 5 years 38 clinical manifestations could be established, which finally nearly equally were distributed to all 4 groups of treatment. Only under the influence of buformin an effect preventing manifestation limited to 2 years appeared. Patients with persisting full or partial remissions continuously and more decreased in weight than cases of manifestation. Furthermore, the course was determined by the initially existing degree of hyperglycaemia as well as by the improvement of the glucose tolerance achieved in the first year. On account of the results of the examinations and the existing literature a preventive use of oral antidiabetics cannot be recommended.


[Strategy of antineoplastic chemotherapy]. After introductory remarks on the present state of the antineoplastic chemotherapy the experiences of the Erfurt treatment centre are described. In close cooperation between the haematologico-oncological department of the Medical clinic and the haematologico-oncological special ambulatory of the Medical policlinic of the Medical Academy Erfurt including the general practitioners from 1969 to 1977 altogether 745 patients with tumours, out of them 580 cases with haemoblastoses and malignant systemic diseases, underwent an intensive care. The Erfurt model well proved in practice and is a constructive basis for the further development of a complex strategy of the antineoplastic chemotherapy.


[Cardiovascular preventive medical check-ups in the large industrial plants of Erfurt. 1. Implementation of the screening phase]. During a medical check-up for the recognition and treatment of patients with diseases of heart and circulation or their early stages and of patients with factors of risk in two large factories of Erfurt altogether 6,646 men and women were examined. The screening was carried out in November 1975 and 1976 in immediate nearness of the working place. The times during which could not be worked were thus reduced to a minimum. Some organisational problems and their solutions in the preparation and performance of the screening phase as well as first results are reported on.


[Spectrophotometric demonstration of poison in the routine clinical chemistry laboratory]. After the chloroform extraction of drugs from the serum the extracts are vaporized. The remaining residues are solved with diluted NaOH or HCl and the solutions are measured spectrophotometrically. This approach gives the possibility of a simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results help, to make quickly diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.


[Stem-cell leukoses in the adult age--a clinical study]. The cytochemical differentiation of 86 stem cell leucoses of adults resulted with 74% of the cases in a clear prevalence of PAS-negative forms at this age. PAS-positive leucoses were observed only in 11%. The survival time of the patients revealed a clear dependence of the degree of the remission achieved. Also for the cases of PAS-negative leucoses, which achieved a complete remission, it was not worse than the survival time of acute lymphoplastic leucoses. However, the remission coefficient of the PAS-negative leucoses was essentially below the value of lymphoblastic forms. Multiple cytostatic combinations reached the best remission rates. Above all the combination of ribidomycin, cytosine arabinosid (Alexan), 6-mercaptopurine (Mercaleukin), prednisolone and vincristine (Oncovin), called RAMPO-scheme by the authors, seemed to give much success according to the results of this study. The number of complete and good partial remissions was calculated with 62% for the ViDaP-scheme, with 51% for the COAP-scheme. For all cases of treatment the coefficient of remission was 54%.


[Studies on cell-mediated immunity in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia]. More than 100,000 variables (anamnestic, clinical, serological, radiological and histological individual findings) of 142 patients with rheumatoid arthritis underwent a factor analysis. In the calculatory statistical course by means of information densification we established a few basic variables, called factors. The interpretation of these factors showed apart from logical and pathogenetic connection also relations which gave an impetus for further clinical research.


[Possibility of angiological intensive therapy in arterial occlusive disease]. It is reported on the use of an intraarterial infusion therapy by means of indwelling catheter in arterial obstructive disease. The catheters were shoved forward towards the opposite side in Seldinger's techinque under X-ray control antegrade and retrograde through the bifurcation of the aorta. The infusions were performed during several hours with above all metabolically effective substances in combination with various antibiotics. The simultaneous use of aimed surgical measures is to be aspired too. In 6 out of 8 cases a healing of the necroses could be achieved.


[The Pickwickian syndrome].

[The Pickwickian syndrome]. The Pickwick syndrome as an independent disease is clearly separated from other respiratory disturbances with adiposity. The diagnostic valency of the symptoms in the Pickwick syndrome is explained. A report on a patient with a Pickwick syndrome is given.


[Heart function studies under stress in hypertonic patients with and without ischemic heart disease]. Recently in patients with hypertension in one third of the cases by haemodynamic investigations in rest a latent heart insufficiency could be proved. It was the aim of the at present performed examinations to test, whether or in which degree the proportion of latent heart insufficiency increases in patients with hypertension affected. In 30 patients with essential hypertension a complex haemodynamic examination program consisting of catheterisation of the right heart, radiocardiography and ergometry was carried out. It could be demonstrated that complex examinations of such a kind are possible also under physical stress and may be used in the judgment of the cardiac function in patients with hypertension.


[Pre-, intra- and postoperative behavior of LDH and GOT isoenzymes in the plasma of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. The isoenzymes of LDH (types H and M) and the isoenzymes of GOT (cytoplasma, mitochondria) were examined in 14 male patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease before, during and after operation. The present study compares them with clinical parameters. Considering the combination of the two isoenzyme ratios, it can be generalized that chronic ischaemia of the heart is characterized both by a decrease of the ratio H : M of the LDH and an increase of the ratio M : C of the LDH and an increase of the ratio M : C of the GOT. Confirming the function of the open by-pass by recoronarography, the isoenzyme values are normal both with regard to their ratio and to their absolute values.


[Demonstration of a new analytical grading system for the determination of pheochromocytoma within the scope of hypertension control]. The problems of the phaeochromocytoma are in its rareness, its appearance--every patient with hypertension can be a carrier of a phaeochromocytoma--, its localisation--10% are situated outside the adrenal glands--, its operability with following permanent normalisation of the pressure. As hypertension is very frequent and the diagnostics is very expensive the finding of carriers of phaeochromocytomas is possible only by means of screening methods. Thus cases with an urgent suspicion are found. Such a method is described, the basis of which is a semiquantitative determination of the vanillic amygdalic acid. Instead of the usually used diazocolour-reagent in connection with a non-optimal buffer a complete nitrophenylantiazotate with a buffer of high ionic strength is taken. The pH-value 10 of the urine which is to be demanded for the colour reaction is thus reached in every case. In order to avoid falsely normal results with every urinary test a preparation with added vanillic amygdalic acid is performed and thus the presence of colour inhibitors is recognized. If the result is pathological a quantitative determination is necessary.


[Problems with the abortive Pickwickian syndrome]. In one year among 16 male patients and 24 female patients who were admitted on account of a considerable obesity and the connected with complaints in order to reduce the weight in the hospital, thrice the diagnosis abortive Pickwick-syndrome was made. Apart from the characteristic symptoms of obesity, hypersomnia, periodical breathing in sleep in all three patients smaller anatomical changes in the nasopharyngeal space were found. Secondary cardiopulmonary or cerebral sequels, as they are described in full pictures and late forms of the Pickwick-syndrome, could not be registered. The diagnosis of abortive Pickwick-syndrome, which we made ex juvantibus (reduction of weight), is perhaps more frequent than up to now assumed. Since the pathological disposition for sleep among others is of great importance in the field of transport and occupational medicine and may be prevented only by reduction of weight, which could be confirmed also in our three cases, it is referred to the necessity of an early recognition and treatment.


[Utilization and effectiveness of radiological study methods in the diagnosis of adrenal diseases]. In recent years the construction and increase of sensitiveness of clinical and biochemical test methods resulted in an essential improvement of the functional diagnostics of adrenal diseases. For the objectivation of the findings and for the preoperative localisation radio-morphological, nuclear-medical and sonographic investigation methods are used. The greatest certainty in the diagnostics also of relatively small changes of the adrenal glands is at present achieved by means of the selective, retrograde venography of the adrenal glands in connection with a selective withdrawal of venous blood for the analysis of hormones. The most essential field of indication for this investigation technique are overfunctions of the adrenal cortex as well as hormone-active and hormone-inactive tumorous (benign and malignant) adrenal processes.


[Maximal gastric secretion in hyperglycemia in normal subjects and in diabetics]. The purpose of the investigations was the determination of the maximum gastric secretion during hyperglycaemia in healthy subjects as well as in patients with short-term and long-term diabetes. After the stimulation with pentagastrine, given in the dose of 6 microgram per kg of body weight in 0.9% sodium chloride solution continuous intravenous infusion, there were determined MAO, parietal and nonparietal secretions, the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium, and the total secretin of these electrolytes in gastric juice. In healthy subjects hyperglycaemia was induced by intravenous infusion of 30% glucose solution. Under the influence of hyperglycaemia the decrease of MAO (p less than 0.001) in healthy subjects as well as in diabetics was found. In healthy subjects the decrease of the total potassium, chloride and magnesium secretion in gastric juice (p less than 0.001) was observed. In patients with long-term diabetes the decrease of the secretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and calcium was observed. There were no differences in gastric secretion in both groups of diabetics. The inhibitory effect of hyperglycaemia on the parasympathetic system and the decreased release of endogenous gastrine may be the causes of these changes. Insulin may also inhibit gastric secretion.


[Sarcoma metastases in the lung].

[Sarcoma metastases in the lung]. It is reported on 15 metastases of sarcomas of the lung, of which 7 were treated by operation and 8 were inoperable. The diagnostic and therapeutic parameters of these relatively rare sarcomas are described and discussed in connection with the prognosis. A well-considered active therapy is justified. There were obtained one five-year and one 16-year survival time postoperatively, four out of seven operatively treated cases had a postoperative life longer than two years, whereas all conservatively treated eight cases died within two years. Our results correspond with the actual literature. The influence of prognostically significant parameters is discussed.


[The effect of high dosage vitamin C treatment on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetics using insulin]. In 19 insulin-dependent diabetics under compensated metabolic conditions the influence of a highly-dosed short-term vitamin C-treatment with 2,000 mg of ascorbic acid on the carbohydrate and fat metabolism was examined during a stay in hospital. Under the treatment with vitamin C low concentrations of blood glucose in the daily profile are observed, in which case this effect of ascorbic acid on the carbohydrate metabolism cannot be statistically ascertained. Triglyceride, cholesterol, FFA-concentrations and glycerol concentrations are not influenced.


[Structural viscosity of the blood].

[Structural viscosity of the blood]. In 34 healthy normal persons (19 females, 15 males) measurings of the blood viscosity in 7 shearing degrees between 218.7 and 1,312 sec-1 with the rotation viscosimeter Rheotest 2 were carried out. In the medium shearing degrees a large degrease of viscosity with increasing shearing degree was to be established, which corresponds to the structural-viscous behaviour of the blood. In high shearing degrees this decrease of viscosity was only slightly to be proved. As explanation for this we increasingly regard Newton's flowing qualities of the blood in high flowing speed. Statistically ascertained correlations between the height of viscosity and the haematocrit value, the number of erythrocytes and the level of plasma fibrinogen within the normal groups could be performed.


[The degree of contamination with HBs-antigen (Australia antigen) in insulin using diabetics]. In 105 patients injecting themselves insulin of the diabetes department of the municipal hospital Dresden-Neustadt with an average age of 63.3 years the HBs-antigen was determined for the purpose of testing the degree of contamination. Hereby in no patient positive accidental findings were established. Two patients, in whom the HBs-antigen could be proved, revealed an acute symptomatology on the side of the liver disease at the time of the confirmation of the findings.


[The effect of carbenoxolone on stress ulcers in rats]. By an immobilisation with a 72 hour's interruption of intake of fluid and nutrition stress ulcers were produced in the stomach of Wistar rats. Through a sound 34 animals received daily 25 mg/kg/body weight carbenoxolon. In them ulcers were found in nearly the same number as in the 30 controls. A conspicuous accumulation of ulcers in the pre-stomach or glandular stomach was not observed. A protective effect of the carbenoxolon could not be proved.


[Relationship between anti-G-streptococcal titers and the haptoglobin type in human serum--aspects of the observed correlations]. In systematic investigations we found a relationship between the haptoglobin types of human sera and the agglutinability of some group-G streptococcal strains. Sera with the haptoglobin type Hp 1-1 do not agglutinate these strains (or with low titres up to 1:16 only). On the other hand sera with the haptoglobin types Hp 2-1 or Hp 2-2 agglutinate the streptococci with titres from 1:200 to 1:3,200 (or more). The aspects resulting from these findings were discussed in detail. They may have among others practical consequences for the forensic medicine and the role of the haptoglobins must be thought over again.


[Familial IgM deficiency and type II hyperlipoproteinemia]. It is reported on the common appearance of a hyperlipoproteinaemia type II after Fredrickson and of a selective insufficiency of IgM in a family. The two generations of a family which have been observed since three years show these disturbances in a 42-year-old patient and all his four children. The diminution and the lack of a stimulation of B-cells under antihuman-IgM in the transformation test of lymphocytes refer to an isolated disturbance of the IgM-synthesis. Cellular immune reactions and haematologically cytological findings were normal. A connection between the lack of IgM and hypercholesterolaemia is not excluded, since experimental investigations of Alderson and Green show an influence of cholesterol on the function of the lymphocyte membrane. The necessity of systematic investigations on patients with immune defects and hyperlipoproteinaemias is emphasized for the exclusion of an accidental coincidence.


[Endobronchial lipoma].

[Endobronchial lipoma]. It is reported on a rare endobronchial lipoma, which was falsely interpreted and the radiological course of which was more than 15 years. It is referred to the discrepancy between morphological benignity of the lipoma and the dangerous changes of the lungs when the disease is delayed.


[Treatment of a Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attack in hyperthyroidism by means of temporary electrostimulation]. The authors report on a 74-year-old female patient who revealed Adams-Stokes attacks and was supplied by an R-wave triggered external pacemaker. The patient showed intermittent total AV-block. A frequency of 26 beats was observed. Hypothyroidism was recognized as the cause of this disturbance of cardiac rhythm. After treatment with triiodothyronine the bradycardia disappeared and the external pacemaker could be removed. This case is reported for demonstrating a disturbance of the rhythm caused by hypothyroidism and which is successfully treated by temporary pacemaker and specific drug therapy.


[Investigations on the correlation between gastritis and gastric ulcer (author's transl)]. From 200 gastric ulcer-patients and 200 controls stepwise mucosa-biopsies were taken. Grade and expansion of gastritis were determined and correlated with the location of gastric ulcer and gastritis-grade at the margin of ulcer. Intensity and expansion of gastritis vary with the location of ulcer. Gastritis far from ulcer is equally or even more intense as at the margin of ulcer. There is no evidence for the conclusion, that an ulcer develops at the site of the more pronounced gastritis. There is also no evidence to assume, that gastritis forms the base for development of gastric ulcer.


[Eosinophilic granuloma of the ascending colon (author's transl)]. An unusual case of a tumorlike eosinophilic granuloma of the ascending colon is presented. In physical examination, radiographic picture and at operation this tumor appeared suspicious of a malignant obstructive neoplasm, thus leading to the resection of the right colon and to ileocolic anastomosis. Correct diagnosis can be established only by histology.


[Effects of porto-caval end-to-side-anastomosis on the liver of rats (author's transl)]. In young rats (n = 117), with a liver weight of 9.9 +/- 1.6 g ("small livers"), the decrease of total liver blood flow was followed by necrosis of liver parenchymal cells in the first two postoperative weeks. These alterations induced by haemodynamic disorders occured since the hepatic artery-although dilated to its maximum--was insufficient to compensate completely for the decrease of the portal hepatic blood flow. In old rats (n = 33) with a liver weight of nearly the double (19.5 +/- 1.9 g; "big livers") the extrem haemodynamic situation after PCA with a more less sufficient arterial hepatic blood supply was followed by complete liver necrosis including necrosis of the v. Kupffer cells. Rats having survived the PCA-operation showed liver cell necrosis in a more less degree as opposed to the early changes. These changes were not thought to be due to persisting haemodynamic disorders but due to endotoxaemia as found in 85% of the animals by means of the Limulus Gelation Test.


[Clinical and experimental studies on the efficiency of nifedipine on smooth muscle strips of the esophagus (author's transl)]. Based on in vivo studies on isolated muscle strips of the LES and on manometric in vivo studies on 8 mongrel dogs, 6 healthy volunteers, 6 patients with achalasia and 3 subjects with diffuse esophageal spasm we could demonstrate that nifedipine causes a long-lasting relaxation of smooth muscle, the esophagus and LES. In 8 dogs resting pressure at the LES was decreased by 20 mg nifedipine from 18.5 +/- 1.8 mm Hg to 8.2 +/- 0.9 mm Hg. This pressure decrease could not be reversed by pentagastrin stimulation (3.0 microgram/kg KG PG). The resting pressure in LES was decreased from 26.8 +/- 3.8 mm Hg to 16.4 +/- 2.1 mm Hg in healthy volunteers and from 45.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg to 14.5 +/- 0.4 mm Hg in patients with achalasia. In 3 patients with diffuse esophageal spasm nifedipine (20 mg) caused a mean decrease of 38% of the contraction amplitude. Further clinical studies have to be done to clarify if the spasmolysis by nifedipine may be important in the treatment of spastic or hypertonic motility disorders of the LES and the esophagus.


[Alopecia areata: successful half-side treatment with DNCB]. In 46 patients with alopecia areata, one side of the head was treated with weekly applications of DNCB, dissolved in acetone. The therapeutic aim was mild contact dermatitis. The other side of the head served as control region. A therapeutic effect was noted in 36 patients: 22 patients showed regrowth of hair exclusively on the treated side, and in 14 patients regrowth of hair was considerably faster and more dense on the treated side. In 8 patients no regrowth was observed, and in 2 patients regrowth occurred on both sides without any difference of intensity. The difference between both sides with regard to hair growth was seen in all of the 7 patients with moderate involvement and in 12 out of 13 patients with extensive involvement; but also in 17 out of 26 patients with alopecia areata totalis or fere totalis. The difference was noted, in the majority of cases, within 3 months. These results prove the efficacy of DNCB treatment of alopecia areata.


[Diagnostic value of RAST-classes in various allergens]. Specific IgE-fractions can be determined in the blood serum by Radio-Allergo-Sorbent-Test (RAST). The positive tests are arranged into four groups, the so called RAST-classes, of which class 1 represents the lowest, class 4 the highest content of specific IgE. The diagnostical value of equal RAST-classes among the groups of allergens is different. We examined 13 600 allergens in 700 patients by RAST and found 2441 positive reactions. It turned out that especially in weeds, house dust and mould allergy, the lower RAST-classes are predominant with more than 90 per cent. In grass pollen allergy, a comparable percentage of positive tests accumulates in the range of RAST-class 3. From this distribution of positive tests we concluded, that in house dust, mould and weeds pollen allergy RAST-class 1 has a real diagnostical value and can be the basis of therapeutical consequences. In patients with lower RAST-classes in mould, house dust and weed pollen allergy, in our experience, the average total IgE is already in a pathological range; in patients with grass pollen allergy total IgE is increased pathologically almost until RAST-class 4.


[HL-A-B 27 in Reiter's disease with special reference to oligosymptomatic course forms]. In 21 patients with the clinical suspicion of oligosymptomatic R.S.), 21 patients with the clinical suspicion of oligosymptomatic R.S. and 16 patients with recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis 23 HLA-antigens were assessed using a lymphocyte toxicity test. 413 blood donors served as a controll group. 85,7% of the patients with R.S. had phenotyp HLA-B 27 compared with 7,4% of the controll persons. The group with the suspicion of R.S. exhibited with 57,1% a marked increased incidense of HLA-B 27 as well. Compared to this, the HLA-B 27 frequency in the patients with recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis was with 6,3% in especially of its oligosymptomatic courses. Because of the close association between HLA-B 27 and R.S. determination of histocompatibility antigens proved to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of Reiter's disease, especially of its oligosymptomatic courses.


[Development and diagnosis of precancerous conditions]. The Evolution and substantial diagnostic criteria of solar and radiogenic keratoses, tar- and oil keratoses, praecancerous lesions induced by arsenic, Bowen's dermatosis, as well as their leucoplacic counterparts in oral and genital mucosa and melanotic praeblastomatous lesions are described, aiming at early diagnosis and consequent early therapy.


[Therapy, therapist and client tested with the Latin square design]. A Latin square design is suggested for testing, 1) whether a specific therapy is effective, 2) whether the therapists involved differ in being successful and 3) whether selected clients react differentially (more or less) on that therapy. To avoid parametric implications, a modified Friedman-test is proposed for evaluating the suggested design nonparametrically.


[Determination of affective changes in the course of psychotherapy using the Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis]. This study is an attempt to measure the hostile and anxious affects of a patient through the Gottschalk-Gleser-content-analysis and to measure the changements of affects during a psychotherapy of 19 sessions. It could be shown in this one case-study, that there are as well changements in one session as changements in the whole therapy, and that there are connections to clinical events. A second accent of this study is to find a way to reduce the measurement of the affectivity on parts of a therapeutic session, which are representative to the whole session.


[Identification and identity formation in individual psychotherapy in schizophrenia]. Transference as well as counter transference is necessary within the therapy of neuroses; but with the relation between doctor and patient in psyotherapy certain components form processes of identification and counter identification between those two partners of the therapeutic event. Way, meaning and form of these processes leading to a new creation of identity in the patient are discussed in the following study. The nature of psychotherapy of schizophrenia as well as some theoretical aspects are lightened.


[Theory formation on the dyadic psychotherapeutic relationship]. In the literature of research in psychotherapy there are more and more hints for a theoretical integration of different therapeutic methods. Five theses are offered to demonstrate the necessity of these efforts and why it is nearly impossible to solve the problem of integration today. Success seems to be depending on changes in the way of thinking about psychotherapy and about research methodology. These theses are focused on micro-analysis of therapeutic processes. They are thought to give new stimulation for psychotherapy and research.


[Social situation, orientation and personality aspects of juveniles without homes]. A group of homeless juveniles (N = 50) was compared to a group of rockers (N = 46) and a further group of "normal" non-rockers (N = 132) as regards social background, attitudes to others, intelligence, performance motivation and further personality variables such as aggression, extraversion, neuroticism and rigidity. Whereas no significant differences were found in respect of personality variables and attitudes, the homeless juveniles were in a far worse position than the rockers as regards social background: extremely low income, large families, overcrowded accomodation, high rate of alcoholism, delinquency and broken homes. They were less successful in school although they compared favourably with the other groups in those areas of intelligence covered by tests.


[Configurations of attitudes, experiences and expectations of social welfare recipients]. A taxonomy of welfare work clients, based upon their attitudes, experiences, and demands with respect to welfare work, was established by using cluster analysis and, subsequently, discriminant analysis. In a second step, typologically relevant variables and hypotheses were statistically tested by a configuration-frequency-analysis on the basis of a sample of another 885 clients. 7 configurations of variable scores reached significance, thus confirming the hypothesis predominantly. Furthermore, these results are important for planning strategies of welfare work.


[Experimental examination on the development of altered states of consciousness by autogenic training in comparison to sensory deprivation]. In a sample of 32 trainees of autogenic training the alterations of the state of consciousness during the exercises were recorded by means of a questionnaire (APZ). To check the influence of acoustic stimulation the subjects were exposed to various sounds by headphone. The data were compared with the results of an experiment with sensory deprivation. A significant correspondence was found between the altered states of consciousness through sensory deprivation and autogenic training under usual low stimulus condition. According to these results autogenic training can be understood as a technique of self-induced sensory deprivation.


[Cardiac output determination by respiratory gas exchange measurement during submaximal exercise (author's transl)]. Under linearly increasing work load the point of rise of the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEO = V(E)/V(O2) depends upon the degree of cardiac output increment. The latter being low, the slope of the minute ventilation (V(E) curve is correspondingly steep and that of the oxygen consumption (V(O2) curve flat. Consequently, the upslope of VEO (after an initial downslope) begins earlier in case of a poor cardiac exercise performance, and vice versa. By means of continuous measurement of respiratory data with a pneumotachygraphic system and on the basis of the values of V(O2), O2-pulse and Relative Ventilatory Equivalent (= VEO/V(O2) determined at the point of rise of VEO it was possible to divide 126 patients (mostly with coronary heart disease) into 4 groups of different cardiocirculatory capacity. These differed significantly with respect to the values measured at the point of rise of VEO as well as with respect to those related to work load. There ist good reproducibility of the values determined at the point of rise of VEO. The described method represents a rapid non-invasive means of determining different stages of impairment of cardiac pump function.


[Non-invasive determination of cardiac pump function by respiratory gas exchange measurement during submaximal exercise -- comparison with hemodynamic (heart catheterisation) data (author's transl)]. The continuous measurement of respiratory gas exchange under linearly increasing work load allows a relatively exact and reproducible localization of the point of rise of the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (ASV). On the basis of the values of oxygen consumption (V(O2)(ASV)), oxygen pulse (O2-pulse(asv)) and relative ventilatory equivalent (Vetn. Equivalent(asv)/V(O2(ASV)), measured at the point ASV, it is possible to divide patients with different severity of heart disease into 4 groups of cardiac response to exercise: group I = normal, group II = diminished, group III = definitely limited and group IV = severely limited cardiocirculatory capacity. Simultaneous cardiac output measurements (thermodilution method) as well as the comparison with hemodynamic and angiographic data acquired during separate heart catheterization reveal good correlations between V(O2(ASV) and O2-pulse(asv) on the one hand and exercise values of cardiac output and stroke volume on the other (r = 0.82). Consequently, definite relations exist between the absolute ASV values as well as the group classification (I--IV) based on these and further heart catheterization data such as left bentricular (LV) enddiastolic pressure, LV ejection fraction, contraction pattern of the left ventricle and coronary angiogram respectively. The described method of measuring respiratory gas exchange under submaximal unsteady state bicycle exercise represents a reliable and rapid non-invasive stress test of cardiac pump function without putting too much strain on the heart patient as is frequently the case with the more familiar steady state (maximal) tests.


[Right and left ventricular volume parameters in cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. In 41 patients with different types of cardiomyopathy (19 congestive = COCM, 6 hypertrophic obstructive = HOCM, and 16 hypertrophic non-obstructive = HCM) ventricular enddiastolic volume (EDV), endsystolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were determined angiographically and values of both ventricles were compared. In the mean, volume parameters increased significantly and EF of both ventricles decreased as compared to control values of patients with coronary heart disease without myocardial infarction. In COCM volume parameters reached pathologic values as in the total patient group whereas in HOCM and in HCM values did not differ significantly from control. Left ventricular function was reduced more often and, in the mean, more severely than right ventricular function. This became evident e.g. from the incidence of enddiastolic volume increase and the course of the regression line. A similar finding can be derived from the reversal of the normal relation of volume parameters of both ventricles. Only in rare cases right ventricular function was more severely impaired than left ventricular function. These findings indicate a simultaneous impairment of both ventricles in cardiomyopathy. The more pronounced left ventricular function disturbance may be attributed to the higher left ventricular work load. Thus, left ventricular biopsies might be of greater diagnostic significance than right ventricular biopsies.


[Local ventricular wall motion, local myocardial flow, and blood flow distribution in a poststenotic myocardial region in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. In 10 patients with coronary heart disease, local ventricular wall motion, local poststenotic flow, and distribution of myocardial perfusion were determined in the underperfused myocardium before and after 8 mg of Oxyfedrin intravenously. In 8 of the 10 patients there was a uniform reaction consisting of an improvement of wall motion, increase in flow, and homogeneity of flow distribution. These parallel changes of local wall movement and local blood flow in a poststenotic underperfused part of the myocardium can most probably be explained by the positively inotropic action of Oxyfedrin with a consecutive increase in blood flow. The results show that a therapeutic affect in patients with a coronary stenosis less than 60% in the left descending artery can be obtained with a positively inotropic substance.


[Treatment of the experimental chronic digitalisintoxication by hemoperfusion (author's transl)]. In 5 adult dogs experimental chronic digitalis intoxication was produced by oral administration of different digitalis-types (digoxin, beta-methyl-, beta-acetyl-digoxin, digitoxin). 18 to 24 hours after the last application of digitalis, charcoal hemoperfusion was performed in Dipidolor-N2O-anesthesia and serum digitalis-concentrations in the arterial and venous lines of the hemoperfusion system were determined by RIA J125. The Ecg was registered continuously as a simple clinical parameter of cardiac digitalis intoxication. Initial multiple cardiac arrhythmias (AVII degree, SAII degree, tachycardia of the atrium) subsided in the dogs with digoxin, beta-methyl- and beta-acetyl-digoxin during hemocolperfusion within 130 to 160 min. The disturbances of rhythm persisted up to 200 min after onset of hemoperfusion in the dog intoxicated by digitoxin. The clearances of digoxin and derivatives (35.8--43.1 ml/min) are higher than the digitoxin clearance (17--23.2 ml/min) which is supposed to be the reason for cardiac detoxication in the digoxin-intoxicated dogs. Hemoperfusion using polymer coated charcoal appears to be effective for the elimination of digoxin leading to a marked improvement of cardiac arrhythmias. By contrast digitoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias are not influenced during hemoperfusion.


[Coronarangiographic study on the trifurcation branch of the left coronary artery postmortem (author's transl)]. In 141 human hearts by means of coronary angiography post mortem 72 (51.1%) were found with bifurcation and 63 (44.7%) with trifurcation of the left coronary artery. In 6 hearts there was a fourfold division of the left main coronary artery. The supplying areas of the trifurcation branch was located in the left anterior or lateral ventricular wall. Its size varied in a wide range. Partly it belonged to the supplying areas of the anterior descending, partly to the left circumflex branch.


[Comparative measurements of PWC170 with work steps of different load increase and duration (author's transl)]. The "Physical Working Capacity" (PWC170) which has been shown to be an ergometric method for determination of the physical performance is due to measurement of heart rate during physical work under steady-state conditions. However the practical application of those methods of multiple work steps of six minutes is limited due to the time-consuming procedure. Therefore, we measured in 30 test-persons PWX170 with work-steps of 50 Watt/6 min. in comparison with 25 Watt/2 min. The difference between these two test-series of 3.7% was not significant. For daily determination of PWC170 the more time-saving procedure with work steps of 25 Watt/2 min. is suggested.


Skin penetration of infective hookworm larvae. I. The path of migration of infective larvae of Ancylostoma braziliense in canine skin. Migratory behaviour of Ancylostoma braziliense was studied in relation to the structure of the skin in dogs after primary infections. Data were obtained studying serial sections of lateral skin areas 6 mm in diameter, which had been exposed to larvae. The sections were stained either with Harris' haematoxylin and eosin or with P.A.S. or as outlined by Crossmon. Most of the larvae managed to penetrate the skin within 1/2 hr after the application. Hairs did not seem to constitute sites of entry. The larvae moved into the horny layer where edges of keratinized cells provide uneven spots. They migrated approximately parallel to the surface from the horny layer into the living epidermis and continued into an external root sheath of a hair follicle. They could only leave this site via sebaceous glands for the dermis or via apocrine sweat glands for the hypodermis. Tunnels from the epidermis into the dermis, however, suggested that a direct trans-epidermal migration had occurred. The vessels invaded by larvae were hypodermal lymphatic vessels. The first ones were found in these structures 1/2 h after the onset of the exposure.


Skin penetration of infective hookworm larvae. II. The path of migration of infective larvae of Ancylostoma braziliense in the metacarpal foot pads of dogs. The hairless metacarpal foot pads of six hookworm-free puppies were exposed to infective larvae of Ancylostoma braziliense. Serial sections of the biopts stained with Harris' haematoxylin and eosin showed that the infective larvae are able to penetrate the toughest region of canine skin. Pores of eccrine sweat glands did not seem to constitute sites of entry and no larvae were detected in these glands. Larvae were only observed in the epidermis. The histopathology of the infected skin of the foot pads of the puppies was similar to that in human skin with "creeping eruption" as described by Fülleborn (1927). The biopts appeared to consist of hairy skin as well. In the unexposed adjacent hairy skin of the foot pads, larvae were also observed. They were found in the epidermis, hair follicle systems and dermis, suggesting that the migration from the epidermis into deeper tissue depends on the presence of the hair follicle systems.


Histoenzymological compartmentation of butyryl cholinesterase in the Glossimetra orientalis Mehra 1937. Butyryl cholinesterase activity in Glossimetra orientalis was studied histochemically with Gomori's method using butyrylthiocholine as substrate. Eserine sulphate (10(-5) M) was used as inhibitor for AChE. The study reveals that the enzyme is present mainly in the musculature of the reproductive system, excretory canal, nerve cells and fibers, tegument and subtegumentary cells and suckers. The testes, ovary and parenchyma are completely negative. The functional significance of the enzyme in the various locations have been discussed.


[Helminth fauna of Syrian lambs].

[Helminth fauna of Syrian lambs]. A study of the helminth fauna of lambs in Syria was made on 40 gastrointestinal tubes and 500 lungs from animals slaughtered in the abattoir of Hama. The parasites isolated were 21 nematode species, 4 cestode species and 2 bladderworm species (Cysticercus tenuicollis and Echinococcus species). Nematodirus oiratianus, Moniezia benedeni and Neostrongylus linearis were found for the first time in lambs in Syria. A detailed description is given of morphologic characteristics of Nematodirus oiratianus.


On a new trematode, Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. (Trematoda: Cyathocotylidae) from the Egyptian slit-faced bat. Prohemistomum azimi n. sp. is described from one out of four Egyptian slit-faced bats, Nycteris thebaica Geffroy, 1910 captured from Giza, Egypt. The new species is compared with other related species of the genus and its specific diagnosis is outlined. The new species is the first record of the genus Prohemistomum Odhner, 1913 from Chiroptera.


[Microcalorimetric investigations of the host-parasite relationship between Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni (author's transl)]. 1. The ratio of dry weight to wet weight of infected snails (5.5 +/- 2.2%) is significantly smaller than that of uninfected animals (8.3 +/- 1.0%). 2. The specific values of oxygen consumption and heat-production per dry weight are significantly higher for infected snails (2.41 +/- 0.44 microliter O2/h/mg; 12.63 +/- 1.24 muW/mg) than for uninfected ones (1.88 +/- 0.24 microliter O2/h/mg, 8.94 +/- 0.91 muW/mg). 3. The rate of oxygen consumption always suffices to explain the measured heat flows for aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates or fats and proteins, respectively. Neither for infected nor for uninfected snails is it necessary to assume an anaerobic energy metabolism. 4. Structures in the calorimetrically obtained heat production curves are discussed.


[Spatial-temporal synchronization of cerebral biopotentials and the problem of the brain's activity as a whole]. The author compares the results of his own investigations into the influence of instantaneous and multiple reversible (cold) inactivation of the neocortex on the manifestation and elaboration of conditioned reflexes in cats with dynamic characteristics of spatial-temporal synchronization of biopotentials in the cortex and subcortical formations at different stages of formation and manifestation of the conditioned reflex in animals, and in different functional states (emotions and mental stress) in humans, as presented in the studies by M.N. Livanov and coworkers. It has been stressed that different experimental approaches reveal the one principle of brain functioning, its integral involvement in any purposeful activity.


[Structure of the field of cerebral biopotentials and the latent period of the human motor response]. An investigation was made into the statistical interconnection between the latency of human conditioned motor reaction to a flash and the spatial distribution of EEG correlation coefficients of eight cerebral areas in 10-second epoch preceding the stimuli. The greatest similarity of latency variations was observed with changes in the correlation relationships between EEG of the occipital, frontal and central areas of the hemisphere, contralateral to the reacting hand. Analysis of the structure of the brain biopotential field has shown that the probability of a more rapid reaction is greater if in the pre-stimulatory period there is a spatially coherent alpha-rhythm with nearly contraphasic correlations of oscillations in the frontal and occipital brain areas.


[Formation and functional significance of the dark receptive fields of the cat visual cortex]. Receptive fields (RFs) of single units in the 17th field of the visual cortex of immobilized cat were investigated under dark adaptation. The mean RF size was equal to 67 degrees and varied from 3 degrees up to 120 degrees. The RFs with centres located near gaze were from 3 degrees up to 120 degrees in dia, but with growth of excentricity the number of small RFs decreased, and in the region of 70 to 100 degrees from gaze only RFs with diameters equal to 100 degrees were found. The shape of "dark" RFs was either ellipsoidal (in most cases) or round. Detector properties (orientational, directional, size and velocity selectivity) of the "dark" RFs were significantly less manifest or absent. Under photopic light adaptation the same units reorganized their RFs to well known sizes and configuration. The hypothesis is discussed of the formation of local detector RF in the visual cortex in light adaptation by selective cortical inhibition which is activated in darkness only slightly. This view is an alternative to the commonly-accepted scheme of local cortical RF formation by the hierarchical and selective excitatory convergence.


[Electrophysiologic correlates of habituation and conditioned reflex elaboration]. The average correlation coefficient between the EEG of different parts of the cortex gradually decreases as the rabbit is habituated to the experimental surroundings. Elaboration of an electo-defensive conditioned reflex leads to its enhancement which is replaced by a phase of temporary decrease, to be followed again by an enhancement of EEG correlation. The pronouncedness of theta-frequencies in the spectral and coherent functions behaves in a similar way. Successive changes of delta-activity level reveal no regularity.


[Spatial synchronization of potentials in the frontal zones of the brain during performance of nominative speech in children]. Characteristics of spatial-temporal relations of the frontal zones potentials with those of other brain centres were studied in five- to six-year old children during naming of visually presented objects. EEG cross correlation analysis has shown that during visual perception of familiar objects the correlations of frontal areas with the interior pariental area of the left hemisphere are enhanced; the rhythms of the inferior parietal and occipital zones in the left hemisphere precede the potentials in the frontal area, while in the right hemispere synphasic relations are set up between the frontal and occipital zones. Naming the objects by the appropriate word as compared with rest and showing of the object, leads to enhancement of both intra- and interhemispheric correlations between potentials in the frontal zone and the inferior parietal and temporal zones. The frontal lobe rhythms begin to precede the inferior parietal and occipital potentials and form synphasic relations with the temporal and motor zone potentials in the left hemisphere.


[Theta-bursts of hippocampal and septal neurons]. Investigation of neuronal activity on non-anaesthetized rabbits in non-stress chronic conditions revealed in the hippocampus a small proportion of neurones (10-12 percent) with a weak rhythmic (theta) modulation of their activity. In the medial and lateral septal nuclei this activity was more organized and was present in about one third of neuronal population. Disruption of septo-hippocampal connections completely abolished theta-rhythm in EEG and in neuronal activity of the hippocampus. Transection of the perforant path was followed by appearance of pronounced theta-bursts in a large group of neurones (38 percent in CA1 and 43 percent in CA3). Electrical stimulation of the hippocampus suppressed theta-bursts and decreased their frequency in the lateral spetal nucleus. Disruption of hippocampo-septal connections was followed by an increase of the population of septal neurones with theta-bursts (48 percent), which became more prounced. Some theoretical implications from these data concerning the nature of hippocampal theta-activity are discussed.


[Dynamics of changes in the orienting response of rabbits to visual stimuli of growing intensity]. The process of formation and the structure of orienting reaction (OR) to rhythmic photic stimuli of growing intensity (beginning with brightnesses near the visibility threshold) was studied in alert non-immobilized rabbits. Motor (movements of the fore and hind paws and the ears) and the vegetative (respiratory) OR components were recorded. No dependence of the emergence of different type reactions on the intensity of the stimulus was disclosed. All the studied kinds of the animal's behavioral responses begin to appear for the first time in a very narrow range of brightness. OR to presented stimuli is not completely extinguished. The process of OR extinction is of a wave-like nature. It is assumed that the structure of the rabbit OR to photic stimuli of low intensities and short durations is determined not so much by physical parameters of the stimulus, as by the animal's condition.


[EEG and success in learning the job of autotransport driver in persons with different typologic characteristics of the nervous system]. The properties of nervous processes: mobility and strength (capacity for work), were determined by the Khilchenko method in healthy subjects learning the trade of an automobile driver. People with different individual typological characteristics of higher nervous activity displayed significant differences in EEG energo-frequency parameters of different brain areas. It has been shown that EEG of practically healthy people at rest, in conjunction with other informative psycho-physiological data, offers promise for appraising the individual typological characteristics of a person in predicting the professional suitability for driving automobiles.


[Organization of neuronal responses in the sensomotor cortex during simultaneous stimulation of brain structures]. It has been found on alert non-immobilized rabbits that paired stimulations of the medical lemniscus, the midbrain reticular formation and the pyramidal tract in different succession cause in the sensorimotor cortex the formation of a temporary connection by the parameters of single unit activity and evoked potentials. The temporary connection is manifested in dynamics of evoked responses and in the change of electrical activity at the moment of usual presentation of the second stimulus, if it is omitted. The inflow of impulse activity by different paths adds some peculiarities to the organization of the temporary connection. The leading role in the given model situation may belong to the non-specific system.


[Role of licking and concomitant changes in the excitability of nerve centers in the elaboration of gustatory information in rats]. The mechanism of nervous control of licking was studied in the frame work of the electrophysiological analysis of conditioned taste aversion. The licking rhythm is so stable that the rats are unable to slow it down by 20 percent. If the solution which was previously used for establishing the conditioned taste aversion, appears in the drinking spout, the rat stops drinking after one or two licks. Analysis of temporal relationships between afferent and efferent impulse activity of licking shows that the comparison of gustatory signals with memory traces and the corresponding decision occurs within 80 to 120 ms after lick onset. Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic centres through implanted electrodes has shown that the amplitude of evoked responses and the impairment of licking increases, in proportion to the delay between lick onset and stimulus application. Isolated discharges of epileptic foci in the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus cause an omission of one or several licks, without interfering with the activity of the licking generator.


[Neuronal mechanisms of sensory integration in the visual analyzer system]. It has been established in experiments on immobilized cats that somatic and interoceptive signals produce complex reorganizations of the spontaneous and evoked activity of visual cortex units. Either long diffuse changes of spike frequency or phasic reactions have been observed. The dynamics of sensory integration in the visual cortex is determined by unconditioned and conditioned mechanisms both of an intra- and interanalyser nature. Functioning of the microsystem of learning elements in the visual cortex is based on units capable of fixing the elaborated changes of evoked activity and constituting 18.6 percent of the total number of cellular elements in the visual projection cortex, responding to direct cortical stimulation. Microinophoresis of synaptically active agents has shown that complexely organized choline- and serotoninergic structures involved in the processes of unconditioned and conditioned interaction of heteromodal excitations are located in the visual cortex.


[Amplitude-temporal characteristics of evoked responses of the visual analyzer to stimuli of growing intensity]. A study was made on cats of the dependence of latency, peak latency, amplitudes and slopes of I and II phases of primary evoked potentials in the chiasm, the colliculi, the lateral geniculate body and visual cortex on the intensity of the photic stimulus in the range of intensities of II orders above the threshold. Practically in the whole examined range, the logarithmic connection is retained, testifying to the extremely wide possibility of the visual system to discriminate a signal in securing a reflex act.


[Evoked potentials to joint presentation of photic and acoustic stimuli in the human EEG]. The results are outlined of a comparative estimation of averaged EP recorded in response to simultaneous and separate presentation of photic and acoustic stimuli on EEG of fifteen healthy subjects and twelve patients with focal lesions of the diencephalic structures. Investigation of the EP components and integral-temporal parameters has revealed that in healthy subjects EP to a combined heteromodal stimulation considerably exceeded by amplitude the one recorded in response to a separate presentation of stimuli. In case of lesion of the diencephalic formations, the converging effect of polysensory stimulation for the main waves of the response was less pronounced than in healthy subjects. At the same time, in pathological cases the summation effect of the afteraction potential (recorded after the main EP components as a slow negative oscillation) was manifested most distinctly, especially in the central zone of the cortex.


[Effect of precursors and cofactors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on the response of cortical neurons induced by polarization]. Injection of K-orotate and folic acid in different proportions and of vitamine B12 produces changes in the S35-methionine inclusion in the proteins of the sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia, hypothalamus and hippocampus depending on the proportions of the injected agents. In animals with activation of the synthesis in the brain, surface anode polarization increased the mean frequency of spike activity of the neurones in the sensorimotor cortex and reduced the relative number of units, which responded to polarization by inhibition, as compared with the control animals and those in which no activation of protein synthesis was observed. The characteristics of cortical unit responses to surface anode polarization in experimental rats are apparently due to changes in the chemoreactive properties of their membranes, which set in under the influence of changes in the nucleic acid and protein synthesis in these neurones.


[Investigation about the taste of di, tri- and tetrahydroxy fatty acid]. Two diastereomeric 9, 10-dihydroxystearic acids, four diasteromeric 9,10,12-trishydroxystearic acids, a mixture of diastereomeric 9,10,12,13-tetrahydroxystearic acids, a mixture of 9.12,13,-trihydroxy-10 trans- and 9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-trans-octadecenoic acids (tri-OH-mixture from lipoxygenase catalysis) and the hydrogenated tri-OH mixture were tested for bitter taste. Only the tri - and tetrahydroxy acids are bitter. The taste thresholds of the saturated tri- and tetrahydroxy acids are in the range from 1.0--4.3 micron ol/ml. There are no significant differences in the taste thresholds between the four diastereomeric 9,- 10,12-trihydroxy acids. The double bond in the trihydroxy acids from the lipoxygenase catalysis enhances the bitter taste 3-fold.


[Influence of raw material on storage behaviour of potato chips (author's transl)]. The influence of storage duration on the lipid and fatty acid content of potato tubers and on the concentration of volatile aroma substances in potato chips were studied. An increase in the unsaturated fatty acids of potato tubers was found during the first months of storage. The higher lipid content of early maturing varieties as compared with late maturing ones may be explained by decreased physiological maturity of these potatoes. Among the aroma substances the constituents hexanal, pentanal, and pentane are possible important indicators for the rancidity of potato chips. Relationships between differing storage conditions of chips and their reeping quality were indicated by volatile aroma substances, especially hexanal.


[Functional and morphologic characteristics of limbic cortex maturation during early ontogenesis]. Development of the limbic cortical area in postnatal ontogenesis of the rabbit comprises three periods judging by the parameters of impulse activity of neurones and cytoarchitectonic differentiation. The period of stratification and beginning of cellular differentiation functionally corresponds to the manifestation of simple forms of spike activity (single, group) with long inactivation periods (the first week of life). The period of intensive cytoarchitectonic differentiation with separation of the agranular type of the anterior limbic area structure correlates with a more complex neuronal impulse activity (burst discharges), augmenting spectrum of dominating spike frequencies, predominance of phasic activation and specific responses together with a high total neuronal responsiveness to sensory (acoustic) stimuli (the second to third week of life). The period of complete cytoarchitectonic maturation corresponds to the stabilization of functional properties of neurones (the fourth to sixth week of life). The revealed ontogenetic dynamics of morpho-functional reorganizations in the limbic cortex point to its involvement at an early stage of postnatal life in the mechanisms of sensory analysis and of the formation of adequate adaptive reactions.


[The proteins of honey. III. Separation of honey amylase by hydrophobic partition chromatography (author's transl)]. Previous experiments to separate the amylase and "invertase" of honey by chromatography on sephadex-gels were unsuccesful. It was shown that honey-amylase, -like amylases form other sources -- has hydrophobic properties. Therefore it was possible to separate amylase-activity from other activities by means of hydrophobic affinity chromatography on phenyl-butylamine-Sepharose 4B.


Neonatal surgical problems in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Analysis of admission to the Neonatal Unit of Muhimbili Hospital, Dar es Salaam, during the year October 1974 to September 1975, shows that about 3 per cent of the cases were Surgical of which nearly two-thirds had congenital malformations in the Head and Neck, Extremities and Spine. Among the major common anomalies were SPINA BIFIDA, POLY-DACTYLY, and other Musculo-Skeletal malformations. Comparison of the incidence of some of the major congenital anomalies between Dar es Salaam and LIVERPOOL, and the World incidence, shows an apparently lower incidence of most of the malformations in Dar es Salaam than elsewhere in the World. A study is currently under way to determine the incidence and pattern of congenital malformations throughout Tanzania.


[Review on nonessential constituents of vegetables. I. Cumcumbers, melons, squashes and pumpkins, bell peppers, eggplants, peas, beans, and broad beans (author's transl)]. In this paper the known constituents of the vegetables mentioned in the title are reviewed, except for proteins, carbohydrates, triglyceride-fatty acids, and vitamins, with particular emphasis on volatiles, organic acids, phenolics, crotenoids, sterols, bitter principles, nonprotein-N-compounds.