[Two pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in birds]. Dillerent chicken tissues are shown to display a clearly pronounced specificity relative to [2-14C] orotic acid and [5-3H]uridine as precursors of synthesis of the pool and RNA pyrimidine nucleotides. The fraction of pyrimidine nucleotides synthetized relative to the reserve pathway (uridine utilization) decreases in the series: kidneys greater than duodenum mucosa greater than lungs greater than liver greater than pancreas greater than bone marrow greater than brain greater than spleen. The results of [2-14C]orotic acid and [53H]uridine incorporation into UMP and CMP of the liver and spleen tissues RNA are interpreted in terms of the concept on existence of separate pools of pyrimidine phosphates--RNA precursors.


[Comparison of acceptor activity of rabbit liver tRNA in ontogenesis]. The rabbit liver tRNA was studied in such functional states when there occurred essential qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein synthesis. On the basis of the maximum level of aminoacylation it is established that the contents of corresponding biologically active individual tRNA in the total preparation for adult animals is 1.5-3 times as high as that for 3-5 day rabbits. Exception is alanine tRNA whose number decreases sharply in the total preparation of the liver tRNA of one- and two-year animals. No correlation was found for any age group between the quantitative ratio of active individual tRNA and the amino acid composition of albumins whose synthesis in the liver is intensive. Thus, the synthesis and, respectively, the content of certain types of tRNA in the liver characterized by a wide spectrum of proteins with different functions are governed by other regularities, whose search is one of the most difficult and at the same time high-promising problems.


[Effect of cytosol on RNA-synthesizing ability of isolated nuclei of rat hepatocytes]. The addition of cytozol to isolated nuclei of the liver is accompanied by a rise in the amount of a new synthetizing RNA and changes in its nucleotide composition. An increase in the intensity of [3H] ATP incorporation at the end of incubation evidences for polyadenylation of the reaction product. Under the effect of cytozol 30-32% of RNA synthetized de novo is released. Heating of cytozol (50 degrees C, 15 min) leads to a loss of its ability to activate RNA synthesis by isolated nuclei.


[Direct phenol-hypochlorite method for determining glutaminase activity]. A simple and sensitive method is developed to determine the glutaminase activity. Conditions are selected for detecting enzymatically formed ammonia in the presence of such a high-labile substrate as glutamine. The method is simple in performance, readily reproducible and high-sensitive.


Radiation therapy as definitive treatment for localized carcinoma of prostate. A progress report on the treatment of 116 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by external irradiation is presented. Fifteen, 60, and 41 patients presented initially with Stages A, B, and C, respectively. The majority of the patients received 7,000-7,500 rads during a period of seven to eight weeks, locally to the prostate gland. The five-year actuarial survival were 90, 70, and 40 per cent for Stages A, B, and C, respectively. The five-year survival rates for patients with well and moderately differentiated tumors were significantly better (45 per cent) than for those with poorly differentiated tumors (24 per cent). The five-year survival rate in the patients who received prior or concomitant hormone manipulation was lower (33 per cent) as compared with those receiving radiation therapy alone (43 per cent). All of the above differences were statistically significant (0.01 level). Of the patients failing, distant metastases have developed in 88 per cent suggesting that subclinical distant metastases might have been present prior to initiation of radiotherapy. The local control rate was 82 per cent. The morbidity of this mode of therapy was found to be acceptable. Radical radiation therapy is an effective method for control of carcinoma of the prostate and is potentially curative.


Aortorenal reimplantation in treatment of renovascular hypertension. From 1964 to 1977, 33 patients underwent aortorenal reimplantation as surgical treatment for renovascular hypertension. Over-all results were 13 patients cured (39 per cent), 15 patients improved (46 per cent), and there were 5 failures (15 per cent). The results were equally satisfactory in patients with atherosclerotic or fibrous renal artery disease. Postoperative arterial stenosis or occlusion occurred in 5 patients (15 per cent). Aortorenal reimplantation is an effective method of renal revascularization in properly selected patients, and long-term results are comparable with those of aortorenal bypass.


Nonoperative management of renal artery embolus. Two cases of renal artery emboli were treated nonsurgically with intravenous heparin. Both patients experienced prompt and total relief of the apparent embolization.


Late hemorrhagic cystitis following low-dose cyclophosphamide therapy. Hemorrhagic cystitis is a recognized acute complication of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) therapy in the treatment of malignant disease. More recently, lower dose, long-term cyclophosphamide therapy has been used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. In 3 patients hemorrhagic cystitis developed after long-term cyclophosphamide therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Even in low dosage, this drug may cause hemorrhagic cystitis.


Acute urinary retention in young homosexuals. Acute urinary retention secondary to and intercourse was found in 4 homosexuals. All four were treated initially with an indwelling Foley catheter and then with bethanechol and phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline). Normal micturition was restored in all 4 patients. Anal dilatation can produce reflex bladder inhibition resulting in acute retention.


Inflatable penile prosthesis: follow-up study of patient-partner satisfaction. The surgical success rates using implantable penile prostheses are well documented, although follow-up on their functional success is required. In this study of 175 patients with an inflatable penile prosthesis, patients and their partners were evaluated as to patient-partner satisfaction, levels of satisfaction, causes of dissatisfaction, frequency of intercouse, and over-all acceptance of the device by patient and partner. The initial satisfaction rates of 79 per cent were significantly improved to 89 per cent after management of specific unrecognized complications. The high levels of satisfaction found in this study continue to support our guidelines for device selection and implantation.


Balanitis xerotica obliterans involving anterior urethra. Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is known to affect the urethral meatus, glans, and prepuce. We describe a case of biopsy-proved BXO that involves not only the usual areas but the anterior urethra as well. Of added interest is the subsequent development of squamous cell carcinoma in the fossa navicularis. The literature is reviewed.


Carcinoma of gallbladder simulating metastatic prostatic cancer. This is a case of carcinoma of the gallbladder, which clinically, chemically, and radiographically simulated metastatic prostate cancer. Other causes of elevated serum and bone marrow acid phosphatase and axial skeletal osteoblastic metastases are reviewed.


Intrauterine testicular torsion: not an emergency. A case of intrauterine testicular torison and infarction is described. Urgent exploration of the testis has been advocated in the management of this condition. However, the risks of early anesthesia in the immediate postdelivery period must be weighed against the chances of a successful outcome of the operation in preserving testicular function. Since this salvage rate is poor, we suggest surgical exploration at a time when the infant's condition is stable, unless there are indications that the event is very recent.


Carcinoid tumor of kidney.

Carcinoid tumor of kidney. A case of carcinoid tumor of the kidney is reported. Pathologic findings of the tumor, clinical manifestation, and treatment are discussed.


Primary localized amyloidosis of male urethra (amyloidoma). Amyloidosis of the urethra is extremely rare. The first reported case of amyloidosis of the fossa navicularis is presented.


Inaccuracies in angiographic staging of renal cell carcinoma. In 54 patients with renal cell carcinoma, the angiographic T category of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) clasification correlated with the histopathologic (P) staging in only 44.4 per cent. Staging of the primary lesion in renal cell carcinoma must be based on the P category and not the angiographic appearances.


Computed tomography and ultrasound in diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis. Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound are emerging as useful diagnostic adjuvants in the confirmation of pelvic lipomatosis. A case of pelvic lipomatosis studied by CT and sonography is presented. These two techniques offer greater precision in the demonstration of fatty tissue density within the true pelvis. The findings appear characteristic and unique. CT and ultrasound confirmation of pelvic lipomatosis provide added confidence in an accurate clinical diagnosis and may obviate the need for diagnostic surgical exploration.


Effects of prostaglandin E1 on isolated dog renal artery. Actions of prostaglandin (PG) E1 were investigated using isolated dog renal arterial strips. Norepinephrine increased the tension of the renal arterial strips contracted with potassium, and this response was depressed by phentolamine. Isoproterenol produced relaxant effects on these arteries, and this response was converted to contractile one by propranolol. Diltiazem dose dependently relaxed the potassium-contracted strips. PGE1 (10(-9)-3 X 10(-8) Gm./ml.) constricted the renal arterial strips, while in higher concentrations (10(-7)-3 x 10(-7) Gm./ml.) it caused relaxations of them. Contractile responses by PGE1 were not affected by phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine, but were suppressed by diltiazem. On the other hand, relaxant effects of PGE1 were not changed by propranolol. Papaverine or theophylline significantly inhibited the contractions induced by PGE1. From these results it is suggested that (1) in the dog renal artery adrenergic alpha-receptors must be more dominant than beta-receptors; (2) PGE1 will produce a depolarization of renal arterial smooth muscle and/or increase an active transport of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells; and (3) the relaxant responses by PGE1 may be related to an increase in cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) contents.


The use of clinical information systems to control cost as well as to improve care. Clinical resources represent the major items of expense in hospital care. These resources are under the primary control of physicians. For a number of reasons it is difficult to manage these resources in the sense of ensuring their prudent use under all circumstances. Relevant clinical information brought to bear at the time and place of the decisions which allocate these resources can encourage prudent use directly (through reduction in waste) and indirectly (through improving the quality of care).


Why more women than men have cholesterol gallstones: studies of biliary lipids in pregnancy. More women than men have cholesterol gallstones. This probably to a large extent owing to ovarian hormones. Our preliminary studies suggest that the biliary lipid composition and gallbladder function may be abnormal in pregnancy. Studies are in progress to clarify these suggestive changes. We hope that the studies will allow us to determine the relevance of pregnancy to the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones.


[Fiber bronchoscopy with artificial pulmonary ventilation by an injection method in ambulatory practice]. The experience of 800 bronchoscopies with the help of fibrobronchoscopes under anesthesia in the outpatient clinic is generalized. An original method of the artificial ventilation of the lungs with the aid of a specially elaborated by the authors attachment-injector to an ordinary endotracheal tube is described. According to the authors' data, fibrobronchoscopy under anesthesia with the injectional artificial ventilation of the lungs is a little-traumatic measure which permits obtaining a complete information on the character of changes in the tracheobroncheal tree of the patients.


[Morphological study of the liver and lungs in closed injury]. In a closed trauma of the liver there occurs the disappearance of glycogen from hepatocytes in the circumference of the ruptures and from the foci of necrosis. In addition, within the first two hours after trauma considerable amounts of fine granular masses of glycogen in the rupture cavities, in hepatic vessels and in the pulmonary artery system. In later terms no free glycogen masses were found in the hepatic and pulmonary vessels.


[Experience with the surgical correction of the breasts using elastic silicon implants]. The paper describes the experience of prosthetics of the mammary glands with "Dow Corning" silicon implants. Operations performed on 26 patients with congenital defects of the mammary gland, postlactational involution and also in order to make the plasty of a defect after subcutaneous mastectomies and extended sectorial resection, have shown that silicon endoprostheses can be successfully employed in such cases. The procedures not only corrected the patient's figure but also contributed to the social and psychic rehabilitation of the patients.


[Place of bronchography in the study and evaluation of the late results of the treatment of the pulmonary and pleural complications of acute pneumonia in children]. Late bronchography was performed in 93 patients, in 46 patients it was made immediately after cupping the critical period of inflammation. The changes found were dependent on the character and size of the process. It has been established that in non-operated children contrasting the bronchi is indicated in late terms of chronic pneumonia in order to specify the residual changes and to choose further treatment.


[Therapeutic procedure in severe craniocerebral trauma combined with skeletal injuries in children]. The article is devoted to a complex and scantily explored problem of treatment of patients with a severe cranio-cerebral injury in the acute period. The analysis of a considerable material (129 cases) showed the early and valuable treatment of fractures of skeletal bones to have favourable effect upon the course of the traumatic disease of the brain and to diminish lethality and invalidism.


[Use of hyperbaric oxygenation and dimexide (DMSO) in the overall treatment of chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. It has been shown that the use of hyperbaric oxigenation and dimexide for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in 43 children had positive therapeutic effect in all the patients. The general state of the patient improved, both general and biochemical properties became normal sooner. Radiological data have shown the reparative processes in the bone tissue to become more rapid.


[Surgical treatment of children with developmental anomalies of the tibia]. The paper describes surgical treatment of 22 children with the abnormal development of the tibia. The character and steps of the surgery are dependent on anatomomorphological alterations of the extremity. The deformity and dislocations of feet in 16 children were corrected by stretching of the crus muscles and dissection of soft tissue obstacles. The follow-up observation of the operated patients continued from 6 months till 4 years. The results of the surgery in 20 patients were estimated as satisfactory, 2 children had recurrent deformity of the feet.


[State of the upper part of the digestive tract in patients with proctologic diseases]. An analysis of the results of esophagogastroduodenostomy carried out upon 874 cases suffering from cancer of the rectum and colon, polyps and diffuse polyposis of the colon is set forth. The obtained data are correlated with changes in the stomach mucous membrane occuring therewith.


[Problems in treating duodenal ulcer by selective proximal vagotomy]. The gastric secretion after different types of vagotomy was studied in experiments on dogs and in clinic. The ordinary selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) and the truncal vagotomy were successively performed in one and the same animal and the secretion of the Pavlov and Heidenhein stomachs was investigated. The cerebral phase of secretion proved to be inhibited similarly after all the types of vagotomy. As to the ventricular phase, it was most of all decreased following SPV without a draining operation. The clinical part of the work covers 148 patients with duodenal ulcers subjected to SPV without a draining operation (51 patients) and in combination with pyloroplasty (97 patients). The investigation of gastric secretion in these patients has shown the greatest decrease of it to occur after SPV without a draining operation. The same findings show that after SPV without a draining operation the damping syndrome and diarrhea are observed rarer than after all types of vagotomy combined with pyloroplasty.


[Characteristics of a Billroth I gastric resection for peptic ulcer with opisthorchiasis]. An analysis of the results of the stomach resections with direct gastroduodenal anastomosis, carried out upon 67 cases with opisthorchiasis, for gastric and duodenal ulcer is presented. The author has described the peculiarities of the surgical treatment and management of such cases in early postoperative period with regard to the concomitant parasitic disease.


[Postoperative complications in the surgical treatment of lung cancer]. The paper describes the experience of 700 operations for pulmonary cancer. Under detailed analysis were 293 cases for the recent 7 years. Among them there were 55 patients with postoperative complications. Bronchial fistulas and pleura empyemas were found in 31 patients, cardio-respiratory insufficiency--in 10, pneumonia--in 6, postoperative hemorrhage--in 5, thromboembolism--in 3 patients. The methods of prophylaxis and treatment of such complications are proposed.


[Surgical diseases of the small intestine]. The author analyzes 55 cases of different injuries of the small intestine (malignant and benign tumors, ulcers, Crohn's disease, infiltrate, congenital anomaly). The author believes that both tumors and inflammatory processes are usually of small size, which together with anatomo-topographic features of the small intestine, make the cases highly operable. However, an advanced state of the main process and its complications are responsible for high lethality. At the same time, the knowledge of the clinical picture of the disease and purposeful investigation of the small intestine by rentgenological and endoscopic methods will ensure earlier diagnosis of the disease.


[Adhesive processes in large and huge postoperative ventral hernias]. High incidence, severity and wide distribution of adhesive processes affecting the abdominal organs and the content of the hernial sacs in 250 patients with big and great postoperative ventral hernias were closely associated with the features, clinical manifestations of the disease and character of treatment. The author's experience shows that prolonged postoperative purgation, maximum possible disjoining of adhesions, early activization of the patients and of the evacuo-motor function of the gastrointestinal tract in the early postoperative period are necessary components of the complex surgical treatment of patients with such pathology.


[Late results of operations for megadolichosigmoid in the "cold" period of the disease]. During the last 30 years the author has been performing comprehensive clinical observations of numerous patients with megadolichosigmoids. Among them 180 patients were operated for extreme pathological forms of megadolichosigmoids without a single lethal outcome. The analysis of remote results of the treatment of 173 patients is presented. The period of observation was from 3 to 25 years. The author believes that the operative method of choice in megadolichosigmoids is a one-step subtotal mesosigmoresection. It saves the patients from chronic ileus and is a reliable prophylaxis of acute volvulus of the sigmoid.


[Diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis]. In the period from 1963 til 1978 the authors observed 1084 patients with cholecystitis. Operations were performed on 336 patients. Acute cholecystitis was diagnosed in 190 patients, chronic calculous cholecystitis--in 128 patients, chronic acalculous cholecystitis--in 18 cases. In acute cholecystitis the active-temporizing tactics was used. Urgent operations were performed on patients with peritonitis. In other variants the conservative treatment was prescribed. When the patient's condition was stated to improve, the surgical treatment was performed if indicated. Patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis were operated on diagnosing. Chronic acalculous cholecystitis was an indication for surgery in cases of frequent attacks of hepatic colic and inefficiency of the conservative therapy.


[Differential diagnostic difficulties in large ovarian cysts]. The authors describe 18 patients with gygantic ovarian cysts. The duration of the disease was at an average 2 years. In the majority of the cases (17 patients) the correct and timely diagnosis became possible only after additional examinations: contrast X-ray analysis of the stomach, intestine, urinary system, mesenteriography. Fifteen patients were subjected to surgery, 6 of them were operated urgently. The volume of the surgery was dependent on the changes in the internal organs and consisted in a simple or extended (including the uterine appendages and uterus) ovarectomy.


[Nonstandard vascular anastomoses in the surgery of portal hypertension]. The non-standard porto-caval vascular anastomoses were performed in 32 patients in a series of 167 patients operated for portal hypertension. Some special features of certain variants of non-standard shunt operations, their near and late results are described. It was shown that the use of non-standard porto-caval vascular anastomoses under unfavourable topographo-anatomical conditions extends the possibilities of decompression of the portal system in patients with syndrome of portal hypertension.


[Fixation of a pathologically mobile kidney using a fascial pocket reinforced with a strip of heterogenous peritoneum]. The method of fixation of a pathologically movable kidney with a graft from the retrorenal fascia, modelled as a poach and strengthened with a heterogenic abdominal stripe, is described. The operation was carried out upon 76 patients. There were no complications. 63 patients were followed up for 6 month to 2.5 years. There were no cases of the recurrence of nephroptosis. The results of the operation are considered as favourable ones.


[Surgical treatment method for nephroptosis]. A new method of nephropexy with an autograft by the upper pole to the diaphragm from intercostal lumbotomy is described. The method induces little injury, is technically simple and can be employed in those patients who do not need a revision or surgery on the renal pelvis, ureter or vascular pedicle. The method was used in operations on 45 patients. Good immediate and remote results were obtained.


[Results of helium-neon laser radiation action on the hematopoietic system experimentally and in the laser therapy of surgical diseases]. The investigation of effects of the red light of the helium-neon laser on hemopoiesis of experimental animals has provided data on the activation of erythropoiesis and the presence of the leucocyte redistribution reaction in the peripheral blood. No pathological changes in the morphological composition of the peripheral blood were detected in patients with a deforming arthrosis and patients with gastric ulcer in the process of laser therapy. Favourable changes were noted.


[Circulating system for performing immersion topical hypothermia of the myocardium]. A special circulating installation for topical hypothermia of the myocardium is proposed. An advantage of the installation is the possibility of the permanent controlled irrigation of the whole surface of the heart, especially of the posterior surface represented mainly by the left ventricle mass with the ice-cold solution.


[Correction of the lymph outflow using a lymphovenous anastomosis]. The authors report that the operation of end-to-side lympho-venous anastomosis was developed in experiment by submersion. In clinical conditions the operation was performed on 22 patients with chronic postthrombic venous insufficiency of lower extremities. The best results were obtained in patients with secondary lymphostasis and in edematic form of postthrombic venous insufficiency. In diseases of the veins operations were performed as a preliminary step of the surgical correction of the venous outflow. Remote results were observed during one year.


[Treatment of the postthrombophlebitic syndrome]. Under observation were 113 patients with the postthrombophlebitic syndrome. Fifty three patients were treated conservatively and 60 were operated upon. The tactics and remote results of the treatment are described. Conservative therapy in most cases fails to give satisfactory results. Surgery including operations on the ligation of communicating veins, dissection of superficial veins and plication of the deep fascia of the leg give stable and satisfactory results.


[Dependence of the effectiveness of massive blood transfusions on the state of cellular and humoral immunity in severe mechanical injury]. The observation of 97 patients with severe mechanical traumas has shown massive hemotransfusions performed within the first two days subsequent to trauma against the background of maximum reduced cell immunity to be much more efficient than the massive hemotransfusion performed within the 3d--7th days after trauma (against the background of repairing cell immunity).


[Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract burns]. The work gives an analysis of clinical signs in 111 patients with burns of the respiratory tract. Two complexes of curative measures are proposed according to anatomical changes found in fibrobronchoscopy. The fibrobronchoscopies are of special importance in the treatment of burns of the tracheobronchial tree.


Surgical repair of femoral neck fractures in two dogs and a calf. The surgical techniques employed in the repair of femoral neck fractures in two dogs and a Charolais calf are described. All the fractures were extracapsular; one of the dogs also had a fractured femoral diaphysis. For both dogs, exposure of the femoral neck was made from a dorsal approach after removal of the greater trochanter, while for the calf, a gluteal transection technique was used. All the fractures were successfully fixed using cortical screws, and in the case of the femoral diaphysis, a vitallium plate was used. All the animals were walking with minimal lameness eight weeks after surgery.


A probable congenital diaphragmatic defect in an adult pony. The presenting signs exhibited by a pony with a large diaphragmatic defect of probable developmental origin are described. The results of clinical examination, laparotomy and post mortem examination are presented.


The failure of trichothecene mycotoxins and whole cultures of Fusarium tricinctum to cause experimental haemorrhagic syndromes in calves and pigs. Piglets and calves were dosed orally with pure diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin, crude extracts of Fusarium tricinctum containing T-2 toxin, and whole cultures of F tricinctum containing T-2 toxin at a constant daily rate of 0.1 mg toxin per kg body-weight (piglets) or 0.2 mg toxin per kg body-weight (calves). The treatment continued for periods of seven to 78 days but it failed to induce clinical haemorrhagic syndromes. Increasing the dose of F tricinctum culture five-fold for eight days following 78 days at the lower dose was equally ineffective. The lack of an effect by daily intakes of toxin that could have been ingested with naturally contaminated feedstuffs suggests that DAS, T-2 toxin and other metabolites of F tricinctum probably have little or no part to play in the aetiology of feed associated haemorrhagic disease.


Respiratory and cardiac arrest under general anaesthesia: treatment by acupuncture of the nasal philtrum. The philtrum point VG 26 (Jen Chung) was needled in 69 cases of respiratory depression or apnoea in dogs and cats during induction or maintenance of general anaesthesia. Respiration was restored to normal or near normal rates within 10 to 30 seconds of insertion of the needle in all the cases. In seven cases of anaesthetic apnoea with concurrent cardiac arrest and absence of vital signs, the revival rate was 43 per cent. Those which recovered required four to 10 minutes of acupuncture stimulation. In eight cases of collapse due to other causes, the revival rate was 25 per cent. The cases included five sheep in shock following liver biopsy, two cases of haemorrhagic shock (dog, cat) and one terminal collapse in chronic congestive heart failure (dog).


Suspected acute myopathy of pigs.

Suspected acute myopathy of pigs. Following sudden exposure to extreme cold, a group of 15-week-old pigs exhibited strange nervous signs which included arching the back, a high stepping gait, violent tremors of the whole body and screaming. The animals lowered themselves and once sitting, the tremors and screaming stopped. But if forced to rise, these signs recurred. When the pigs returned to a warmer environment, they rapidly recovered. An acute clinical myopathy caused by a marginal vitamin E deficiency was suspected. Other stress-induced factors, such as circulatory collapse caused by movement from a warm to a cold environment, were also thought to have contributed towards the myopathy.


Spinal analgesia and sedation of goats with lignocaine and xylazine. Spinal anaesthesia of 20 does undergoing laparotomies was accomplished with epidural injections of 2 per cent lignocaine at a dosage of 1 ml per 4.55 kg in 16 goats. Epidural injection resulted in paralysis lasting 198.5 minutes +/- 36.6 minutes. Subarachnlid injection resulted in paralysis lasting 180.8 minutes +/- 44.9 minutes. Xylazine was given intramuscularly at the dosage of 0.11 mg per kg after posterior paralysis was complete. These treatments resulted in effective analgesia for surgical intervention. Recovery was complete and uneventful in all goats. An additional 26 operations were performed using this treatment and results were equally satisfactory.


Demographic studies on final year veterinary students of nine European schools. In 1975 a survey of some aspects of veterinary student selection, background and education as well as intended employment after qualification was conducted in the veterinary schools at Bristol, Glasgow, Liverpool, Helsinki, Stockholm, Hannover, Ghent, Toulouse and Vienna. In all schools student selection was primarily based on academic ability. A numerus clausus existed in six of the nine schools. No sex discrimination in student selection was practised in seven of the nine schools. The proportion of male students in the final year of 1975 ranged from 57 per cent in Glasgow to 97 per cent in Ghent. The parents of the students were predominantly of socioeconomic classes 1 (28 per cent), 2 (38 per cent) or 3 non manual (20 per cent), and no significant differences were found between the UK and the continental schools. Six per cent of the parents were veterinarians while 15 per cent were farmers. The financing by students of their veterinary studies varied markedly between schools. Over 80 per cent of the students wished to go first into general practice, with little tendency, except among UK students, to go into employment abroad first.


Effect of hexoestrol on the response of finishing steers to treatment with trenbolone acetate. The relative effectiveness of implanting 300 mg trenbolone acetate alone or in combination with either 15, 30 or 45 mg hexoestrol was studied in three 90-day experiments using 64 Friesian steers. In experiment 1 hexoestrol was shown to improve live-weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion in steers implanted with trenbolone acetate. In experiments 2 and 3 trenbolone acetate in combination with 30 mg hexoestrol gave a better growth response than when combined with either 15 or 45 mg. However, in experiment 3 trenbolone acetate plus 15 mg hexoestrol was shown to improve live-weight gain by about 36 per cent compared with untreated controls. In experiment 2 small differences between treated groups in mean values for plasma urea, serum albumin, plasma glucose and free fatty acids were recorded.


Idiopathic facial paralysis in the dog.

Idiopathic facial paralysis in the dog. Facial nerve paralysis of acute onset is reported in seven mature dogs, five of which were cocker spaniels. The clinical signs were characterised by ear drooping, lip commissural paralysis, sialosis, and collection of food on the paralysed side of the mouth. All dogs showed absent menace responses and trigeminofacial/acousticofacial reflexes. Horner's syndrome was not present in any dog. In four dogs, bilateral facial paralysis developed. The facial paralysis was unrelated to otitis media. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed denervation potentials and absent evoked muscle potentials. Facial nerve biopsies from two cases showed nerve fibre degeneration and apparent loss of larger diameter myelinated fibres. The condition has been termed idiopathic facial paralysis since the aetiopathogenesis is presently unknown.


Comparison of selective culture and serologic agglutination of Treponema hyodysenteriae for diagnosis of swine dysentery. Samples of faeces and of serum were collected from pigs of various ages on 21 farms. Faecal samples were cultured on trypticase soy agar containing 5 per cent citrated bovine blood and 400 micrograms per ml spectinomycin, incubated at 42 degrees C in Gaspak jars under an atmosphere of 80 per cent hydrogen: 20 per cent carbon dioxide. Antibody titres to Treponema hyodysenteriae were determined by a microtitration agglutination method using merthiolate-inactivated whole cell antigen prepared from a beta-haemolytic isolate. Results indicated that mean titres in pigs from which beta-haemolytic T hyodysenteriae was isolated were significantly higher than in pigs which yielded isolates of weak beta-haemolytic T innocens or in culturally negative pigs (P less than 0.0225). Mean titres of herds where beta-haemolytic T hyodysenteriae was isolated were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than the mean titres of either of the other two groups. However, mean titres of herds where no isolates were obtained were not significantly different from mean titres of herds where weak beta-haemolytic T innocens was isolated.


Immobilisation of free-ranging Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus californianus wollebaeki). Nine free-ranging Galápagos sea lions were immobilised for marking, using a combination of ketamine (3 to 5 mg per kg) and xylazine (0.5 to 1.0 mg per kg). The degree of effect depended largely on the animals' behavioural and physiological state before immobilisation (after parturition, high arousal, subject to aggression, etc.) All nine animals survived. Overheating in the immobilised state may quickly result in heart and circulatory failures.


Isolation and immunisation studies of a canine parco-like virus from dogs with haemorrhagic enteritis. A newly recognised canine parvo like virus was isolated from faeces of dogs with haemorrhagic enteritis. Cell cultures from several species were susceptible to it. Virus infected cells could be demonstrated by staining with fluorescent antibody reagents (prepared against canine virus or feline panleucopenia virus) or by haemagglutination with pig or rhesus monkey red blood cells. Inhibition of haemagglutination by specific antiserum prepared in specific-pathogen-free beagles provided a convenient method for viral identification. Experimental inoculation of specific-pathogen-free beagles resulted in elevated body temperatures and caused lymphopenia lasting one to three days. Feline panleucopenia virus vaccines protected dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvo-like virus.


Chronic phenylmercuric acetate toxicity in a horse. Phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) was administered orally to a horse over a period of 27 weeks (190 days) at a dose rate of 0.4 mg Hg/kg per day. The effects produced were consistent with those of chronic inorganic mercury intoxication. The clinical features included masseter muscle atrophy, difficulty in prehension and mastication, malodorous breath, reduced appetite and weight loss, and reflected significant pathological changes involving the buccal, mandibular and dental tissues. Renal dysfunction was evident terminally and there was degeration and necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelium. Necrotic and mineralized foci were found in facial and masticatory msucles, splenic trabecuale and the myocardium. The central nervous system and the intestinal tract were unaffected. The approximate mean plasma inorganic mercury concentration was 500 ng/ml whereas organic mercury levels in blood were much lower. The renal cortex had the highest inorganic mercury content, three times greater than in the liver and cecum, while organic mercury was highest in those tissues and absent from the kidney. The difference in the effects produced in this horse as compared to those in a horse receiving mercuric chloride at the same mercury dose rate, could be attributed to the more rapid and complete absorption of PMA from the gastrointestinal tract.


Toxicoses related to the petroleum industry. During 1977, 4,976 oil and gas wells were drilled in Oklahoma to an average depth of 4,892 feet. There were 2,253 successful oil wells and 1092 successful gas wells (26). The Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory investigated several cases where livestock in close proximity to drilling sites became ill or die. The case histories emphasize the need for a careful and complete diagnostic work-up. The identification and quantification of petroleum hydrocarbons, toxic chemicals and heavy metals in intestinal contents and tissues are diagnostically significant. The most difficult cases involve chronically ill and poor-doing animals following exposure to oil field wastes. The potential for litigation exists whenever cattle in close proximity to drilling and production sites become ill or die. Many of these cases could be prevented if livestock were prevented access to such sites by fencing or other means. The circumstantial evidence in many cases suggests the need for additional research on the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons, drilling muds and other oil dield  wastes. Improves diagnostic methods should benefit both the livestock and oil industries.


delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as an antiemetic in patients treated with cancerchemotherapy; a double-blind cross-over trial against placebo. A double-blind cross-over trial with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and placebo was employed to test the antiemetic effect on nausea and vomiting after MOPP-therapy. Although THC had remarkable antiemetic effects, the side effects were severe. Most patients preferred the nausea and the vomiting after MOPP-therapy to the use of THC. A relation between the antiemetic action or the side-effects and the blood-level of THC could not be demonstrated.


Salt poisoning: presenting symptom of child abuse. We have described two young children with severe hypernatremia where excess salt administration plus possible water deprivation as a form of child abuse is believed to be etiologic. We urge others to look for comparable cases.


Three cases of Zigadenus (death camus) poisoning. Three cases are reported where 1/2-2 bulbs of Zigadenus were ingested. This resulted in vomiting, cramping and nausea, starting within 1-2 hours and lasting 4-5 hours. Both the heart rate and blood pressure were affected, generally, but not consistently, decreased. Atropine, when used for the cardiovascular effects, increased the heart rate, but had minimal action on the blood pressure. There was little toxic effect on respiration, central nervous system, or temperature. The one case of increased temperature was though to be due to an unrelated illness. Treatment of such cases should include emesis (or lavage, if emesis is contraindicated), activated charcoal, and saline cathartic. Symptomatic cases need an iv and possible administration of atropine, a sympathometic and/or a ganglionic blocking agent. Since there is considerable variation in what symptoms will be seen with the different species of Zigadenus, each case must be treated symptomatically; first with good supportive care, then possibly with administration of the above agents.


Equine leucoencephalomalacia (ELEM): a study of Fusarium moniliforme as an etiologic agent. Signs and lesions characteristic of equine leucoencephalomalacia were produced in one of two donkeys given corn cultured with Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Gross and histopathologic lesions of the cerebrum included an extensive necrotic cavitation within one cerebral hemisphere, disruption and rarefication of the subcortical white matter, prominent perivascular hemorrhage, and some mononuclear cell perivascular cuffing. Another donkey and three rabbits fed the cultured corn did not develop characteristic signs or lesions of the toxicosis. Chick bioassay studies indicated that the cultured corn which produced the disease did not contain a monovalent salt of moniliformin.


Large animal hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic plants. The hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic plants of large domestic animals have been reviewed. The most important ones are those widely distributed as weeds over pastures, negelcted forests and grasslands, those used as ornamentals, the nitrate concentrating forage crops, and the cyanophoric plants. Crotolaria spp, the ragwort (Senecia jacobaea), the lantana spp. and heliotopum are common hepatoxic plants. Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium, Solanum rostratum, and the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) are nephrotoxic plants.


[Effect of single and fractionated gamma irradiation on the growth and development in culture of Tr. Foetus]. Studied was the effect of gamma-treatment on the growth and development of Tr. foetus in cultures. The experiments were carried out with two strains (180 and 2548) supplied from the Academy of Sciences, Tallin, ESSR (USSR). Irradiation was performed by means of increasing rates of gamma treatment (from 1000 to 1500000 rad) applied either once or twice at equal portions and intervals of 1 and 3 or 24 hours. It was found that the higher the intensity of treatment the higher the biologic effect of gamma rays as judged by the inhibition of both the growth and the development of Trichomonas, by the changes in the morphology and physiology of this species, and by the lethal effect. The fractionated treatment at two rates coinciding with one or two consecutive mitotic cycles produced a stronger inhibitory effect than the single treatment at the same rate. In case the two fractions of treatment did not coincide with any of the mitotic cycles of division their effect was similar to that of the single treatment.


[Clinical and experimental studies of chronic Herbazin-50 poisoning in sheep]. Studied were the changes in some clinical and paraclinical indices in sheep treated with the triazine preparation herbazin-50 used at the rate of 1.4 mg per kg of live weight. The effect was also followed up of this dose on the course of pregnancy, the general health status of the newborn lambs, and the deposition of the preparation in the liver and the musculature of the fetus.


[Impact on the state of health of lambs fed large amounts of concentrated fodder]. Experiments were carried out with a total of 18 male lambs at the age of 5 months, included in three groups. The test period lasted 150 days during which the animals of the first group were fed daily 1200-1500 g each of pelleted concentrates, those of the second group--1200, 1300, and 3000 g of wheat straw, and the lambs of the third one--800 and 1050 g of pelleted concentrates as well as 540-720 g of pelleted whole maize plants. It was found that continuous feeding with high amounts of concentrates produced unfavourable effects on the general status of the experimental animals. Hematologically, there was increase in the hemoglobin level, the erythrocyte count, and the leukocyte count. Biochemically, the calcium-and-phosphorus metabolism was disturbed, there was a drop of the Ca level and a rise of the phosphorus level of the blood. Morphologically, dystrophic and necrotic changes were observed in the liver, kidneys, heart, and forestomach. It was concluded that higher amounts of concentrates in the diet may cause a disease status with severe, generalized symptoms due to their defective, unablanced, and physiologically inappropriate feeding.


[Zoohygienic studies on the management of sows in ordinary stalls and in raised stalls]. Comparative zoohygiene studies were carried out on two types of industrial sow-raising technology that made use of common boxes and boxes the floor of which was lifted above the flooring on the premis in the winter season. It was found that raised boxes substantiated more favourable zoohygiene conditions for both sows and newborns. The latter were found to develop better, and the mortality rate was very low. The introduced ventilation system with the two types of technology, however, failed to guarantee the regular air exchange and the removal of injurious gases. Besides, when outside temperatures dropped below zero no optimal microclimate could be maintained within the houses for sows without using additional heating. Thirdly, with regard to their construction raised boxes were considered imperfect and did not meet the ergonomic and technologic requirements.


[Serum enzymatic activity in acute injury to the renal parenchyma]. Studied was the activity of the serum enzymes LAP, CE, APh, SPh, and guanase as well as the isoenzymes of the unspecific esterases and APh in guinea pigs treated with potassium bichromate. Morphologically and histopathologically, an acute injury of the kidney parenchyma was found, being in close correlation with the size of lesions and these enzymes' activity. The activity of APh, SPh, and CE rose, and that of LAP and guanase did not change. These enzymes proved to form an appropriate constallation the changes in which could reflect the functional status of the kidneys and substantiate the differential diagnosis of liver and kidney diseases.


[Bilirubin in the blood serum of clinically healthy cows and those ill with ketosis and hepatopathies]. Studied was the bilirubin equilibrium in 62 normal cows, 52 cows with clinical ketosis, 31 cows with diffuse liver injury, and 14 cows that went off food for five days. A moderate rise of the total bilirubin of mixed type was found in ketosis-affected cows. Statistically significant proved the changes in the free fraction, however, there were no persuasive data that they were due to superproduction of bilirubin. Changes in the total bilirubin similar to those in cows with ketosis were established also in cows subjected to starvation, substantiated by the adequate rise of the free and the bound fraction. The hyperbilirubinemia in cows with diffuse liver injuries was found to be of a mixed type, with a very clear transposition in the bilirubin fractions. The direct: indirect ratio of bilirubin in this case was higher than unit, and the percent participation of the indirect fraction was brought down to 42.5. Apparently, the symptoms of liver affections were beyond the frames of what was found in the cows with ketosis. With the use of tests for the demonstration of urobilin and urobilinogen in the urine no dependable idea could be found of the status of the pigment fraction in the liver of ketosis-affected cows or the fact that this fraction was involved to a considerable extent. Discussed is the possibility of linking the state of hyperbilirubinemia in cows with ketosis with some energy deficiency with regard to the plasma glucosis and the liver glycogen.


[Anaphylactogenic properties of Bulgarian gonadotropic preparations]. Laboratory and clinical studies were carried out to elucidate the anaphylactogenic qualities of the Bulgarian goinadotropic preparations PMS (an untreated and a freeze-dried formula), gravohormone, and luteoziman. Comparatively was assessed the sensitivity of three methods employed in the routine determination of drug anaphylactogenicity. One of them is the author's personal modification of a pharmacopeia method (U. S. P. XVII)--sensibilizing doses were introduced in guinea pigs subcutaneously, once daily, in the course of three days at 3-day intervals. The resolution dose was applied intraperitoneally on the 10th day following the last sensibilizing dose. The manifestation of anaphylaxia were recorded immediately after the introduction of the resolution dose or two hours later (at the very latest). Studies revealed that the preparations tested had no equal anaphylactic properties. In guinea pigs, sheep, and cattle PMS induced allergic reactions in 50 per cent of the examined series. In these animals both gravohormone and luteoziman did not generate such response. Suggested is the use of a U. S. P. XVII modified method (as cited above) to determine the anaphylactogenicity of gonadotropic preparations; it makes it possible to qualify such preparations for a shorter time. The new modification is readily applicable at a production control basis.


[Comparative clinical, bacteriological and pathohistological studies of the sex organs of infertile cows]. Investigations were performed with materials from 39 cows divided into two groups: I -- internal sexual organs of 29 cows slaughtered because of infertility; and II -- biopsy material from 10 cows that showed symptomies sterility. The same material was studied microbiologically and histopathologically by routine methods. The material was taken from the cervix, the uterus, and the horns. Bacteriologically, the presence was established of Str. uberis. E. coli, Str. dysgalactiae, Staph. et albus et citreus, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Str. agalactiae, Candida albicans, Clostridium sp., and others. Organisms were also isolated from the genitalia of cows showing no clinical symptoms of endometritis. Histologically, the cervix of the animals in the 1st group presented necrobiosis of the glandular epithelium, and reticulohistiocytic proliferation. Most characteristic were the changes in the uterine corpus where stasis, oedema, low necrobiotic epithelium of the glands, and a surrounding reticulocytic proliferation with the presence of lymphocytes and plasmatic cells were observed. It was found that no direct correlation between the histologic changes, the microbiologic, and the clinic results.


[Encephalomalacia in partridges, quails and pheasants raised in warrens]. With the introduction of industrial methods of breeding game animals, resp., birds in confinement some new diseases have arisen, such as encephalomalacia. Due to its peculiar character this disease was first referred to as B-complex avitaminosis, respective therapeutic measures being taken. Recent studies have ruled out avitaminosis, and the disease is now confirmed as encephalomalacia. In the case of partridges, rock partridges, and pheasants some drop was found of the levels of vitamin E and selenium. Accordingly, vitamtin E and selenium therapy produced a rapid curative effect.


[alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity in rabbit organs and tissues in various endocrine disorders]. Activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDG) from rabbit tissues was distinctly decreased in hypothyroidism and increased in hyperthyroidism. In alloxane diabetes and after administration of high doses of insulin the GPDG activity, and especially the activity of its mitochondrial form, was markedly decreased in kidney and heart tissues; it was unaltered or slightly increased in liver tissue and sceletal muscles, as compared with control. The hormonal regulation of the GPDG activity is a complicated process, in which are involved not only the hormones of thyroid gland but also hormones of other endocrine glands.


[Effect of cooling on liver phospholipids]. Phospholipid composition of rat liver tissue was distinctly altered in cooling. Single-term cooling caused a decrease in content of phosphatidic acids, cardiolipin, phosphatidyl diethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine but it increased the sphingomyelin level. Content of phosphatidyl choline and of lysolecithins was markedly decreased in short-term cooling. Prolonged cooling was accompanied by an increase in content of all the phospholipid fractions except of phosphatidyl choline. Appearance of monophosphoinositide in the phospholipid spectrum under all the conditions studied reflect the response of the organism to a stressing influence of cooling.


[Enzymatic activity in the enterolysed portions of the human gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer and the effect of bile]. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase /LDH/, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase /G6PD/, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase as well as content of lactic acid were studied in enterolysed parts of gastric mucose and in normal mucose. The LDH activity and content of lactic acid were decreased in the enterolysed mucose. As compared with normal mucose the activity of G6PD was increased 3-fold, activities of alkaline phosphatase and of glutamine-alanine transaminases were increased 1.5-2-fold in the mucose regions with metaplasia. In vitro glycocholic acid and products of duodenal secretion inhibited distinctly G6PD and LDH within 10 min of incubation; maximal activity of G6PD was observed within 20 min, after addition of cholic acid the enzyme was completely inactivated within 30 min. Under these conditions the activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased within 10 min and returned up to the initial level within the subsequent periods.


[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase activity in the blood of neurological oncologic patients preoperatively and in the dynamics of the postoperative period]. Brain benign tumors /hypophyseal adenoma, meningeoma/ caused definite effects on the enzymes of pentosephosphate pathway in blood of patients. Distinct decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase /G6PD/ activity was observed in erythrocytes of patients with adenoma of hypophysis as compared with a control group; transketolase /TK/ activity was unaltered. In blood of patients with brain meningeomas the G6PD was activated by 8% and TK - by 36%. Within the first day after resection of the tumors activity of the enzymes was distinctly increased; it remained markedly higher than the enzymatic activity before the operation within all the periods studied /5-7 days and 10-15 days after the operation/.


[Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the enzymatic activity of phospholipid biosynthesis and breakdown in burn injury]. Burns affected the content of L-alpha-glycerophosphate /L-alpha-GP/ in rats; its level was reduced within 15 days after burns. Phasic changes in L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glycerokinase activities in liver and brain tissues and phospholipase A in blood were also observed. Intraperitoneal administration of alpha-tocopheryl acetate into rats subjected to burns abolished the decrease in content of L-alpha-GP although the activity of the drug varied within this 15 day period. In brain the activity of these enzymes was increased 2-3-fold. The data obtained are in good agreement with those published previously and indicating loss of phospholipids in liver and brain tissus following burns.


[Blood serum enzymes in assessing the nature of the liver lesion and the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic actions in acrylonitrile poisoning]. After intraperitoneal administration of acrylonitrile into rats, fructose monophosphate aldolase was found in blood serum, activity of butyryl cholinesterase was inhibited but activity of alkaline phosphatase was unaltered in rat blood serum; these data demonstrate the necro-bystrophic type impairment. Decrease in the hepatotoxic effect of acrylonitrile after preadministration of antioxidants appears to be a result of stimulation of lipid peroxidation, preventing the toxic effect of this industrially important substance.


[Characteristics of the molecular diversities of human and rat aldolase via starch and agar gel electrophoresis]. Content of aldolase isoenzymes was reinvestigated in human and rat tissues by means of agar and starch gel electrophoresis. Heterogeneity of the A type aldolase is established and possible causes of formation of the multiple forms of the enzyme are discussed. The ratio of various fractions of aldolase A was different in erythrocytes of newborn and aldult persons. The patterns of the aldolase isozyme spectra were characterized in blood sera of newborns, in acute hepatitis and myocardial infarction.


[Coordination of the main and reutilization pathways of nucleotide biosynthesis in the lymphocytes in leukemia]. Coordination of these two pathways of nucleotide synthesis in leukocytes under chronic lympholeukosis was studied using incorporation of 14C-orotic acid and 14C-uridine into uridine mono-, di- and triphosphates and also into RNA. Simultaneously, activity of the key enzymes, participating in metabolism of orotic acid and of uridine, was measured: OMP-pyrophosphorylase /EC 2.4.2.10, orotidine-5'-phosphate: purophosphate phosphorybosyl transferase/ and uridine kinase /EC 2.7.1.48, ATP: uridine-5'-phosphotransferase/. The reutilizational pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis was distinctly activated. At the same time there was only a slight increase in the main pathway of their synthesis in lymphocytes in leukemic form of cronic lympholeukosis. Activities of OMP-pyrophosphorylase and uridine kinase were increased by 30%. An impairment in the coordination of the rates of both pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis was related to inhibition of OMP-pyrophosphorylase caused by and increase in uridine nucleotide pool.


[Biogenic amine deamination in experimental tuberculosis]. Stimulation of lipid peroxidation /increase in content of conjugated dienes and of malone dialdehyde/, which was prevented by administration of isoniazid or sodium thiosulphate, was detected in mitochondrial fraction of liver tissue obtained from rats with tuberculosis of lungs. At the same time, in the mitochondrial fraction a significant decrease in tyramine and serotonin deamination rates and an increase in histamine, lysine and putrescine deamination rates were observed. The altered ratio of the deamination rates of the nitrogenous compounds may be prevented by administration of isoniazid and sodium thiosulphate into the animals. A hypothesis is discussed on the possible significance of qualitative alteration /transformation/ in catalytic properties of the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase induced by the stimulation of lipid peroxidation as a cause underlying the reversible impairments in ratios of rates of the nitrogenous compounds deamination in tuberculosis.


[Mechanism of the change in energy and electrolyte metabolism in the respiratory musculature in experimental botulism]. Distinct decrease in concentrations of creatine phosphate and K+ was observed in various respiratory muscles of cat in generalized botulism, accompanied by the syndrom of asphyxia. Content of glycogen and Na+ was unaltered in these cases. In local botulinic paralysis concentrations of creatine phosphate, glycogen and K+ were decreased in the respiratory muscles. Accumulation of Na+ was observed in diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Content of K+ and creatine phosphate was partially restored in respiratory muscles after intraperitoneal administration of guanidine HCl/50 mg/kg of body weight/.


[Content of biological oxidation metabolites in the blood and urine of peptic ulcer patients]. Content of pyruvic, lactic, citric, acetic, oxaloacetic acids in blood as well as excretion of pyruvic acid with urine were studied in patients with ulcer, chronic gastritis, carcinoma of the stomach and in healthy persons. Concentrations of pyruvic and lactic acids in blood as well as excretion of pyruvic acid with urine were increased in the patients during acute periods of ulcerous disease, chronic gastritis and in carcinoma of the stomach. Level of citric acid was decreased in blood in ulcerous disease and increased in chronic gastritis and, especially, in the carcinoma. During acute period of ulcerous disease concentration of acetic acid was decreased in blood. Content of oxaloacetic acid was similar both in healthy persons and in patients with the disease. The data obtained suggest that oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid is inhibited in patients with ulcerous disease.


[Isolation of cathepsin D from the aorta using pepstatin sepharose]. Affinity chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose was used for isolation of cathepsin D from pig aorta. The enzyme was purified 800-fold. The proteolytic activity of cathepsin D was completely inhibited by pepstatin, suggesting that there were no other proteinases in the enzyme preparation obtained.


[mRNA breakdown in tumor cells in vivo under cycloheximide protein synthesis inhibition]. Amoung of prelabelled mRNA was unaltered in Zajhdel ascites hepatoma of rat cells within 3.5-4 hrs under conditions of treatment with actinomycin D. Due to combined effect of actinomycin D and cycloheximide the content of mRNA in the hepatoma cells was rapidly decreased. Degradation of mRNA occurred in membrane-bound polyribosomes, free polyribosomes and in cytoplasmic mRNP-particles /informosomes/ as a result of the effect of cycloheximide. Simultaneously with these phenomena, distinct increase in activity of acid and alkaline RNAases was observed in cytoplasma of the hepatoma cells; activity of endoRNAase from membrane-bound and free polyribosomes of the hepatoma was also markedly increased. Cycloheximide did not affect the activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase in polyribosomes of the hepatoma cells. Labile proteins, responsible for inhibition of RNAses appeart to participate in regulation of mRNA stability in malignant cells.


[Effect of D,L-malic acid dibenzylhydrazide on changes in the antioxidizing activity of lipids and monoamine oxidase activity in mouse organs]. Administration of dibenzylhydracide of D,L-malic acid (inhibitor of monoamine oxidase) into animals caused not only inhibition but also transformation of the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity, which acquired the property to deaminate histamine. Effect of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor on the antioxidative activity of lipids from mouse liver and brain tissues was studied. Effect of the dose administered and of the period of its action after administration were characterized. Influence of the inhibitor on oxidation of methyloleate was also studied in a model system. The data obtained suggest that the transformation-producing effect of the substance was not related to its immudiate action on the enzyme molecule but was apparently due to its influence on the intensity of lipid peroxidation in membranes.


[Modification of a method of determining 15N in biological material]. A method is described for preparation of nitrogen samples and estimation of 15N concentration in free amino acids and urea, isolated from heart muscle, using mass-spectometric analysis. Components of the tissue extracts were separated at the preparative scale; amino acids and urea were desalted by means of ion exchange chromatography. CHN-analyzer was used to measure content of nitrogen in urea and amino acids. The method required about 100 micrograms of nitrogen for the isotope analysis.


[Morphological changes in the human thymus in cancer]. Morphohistochemical and morphometric assays of the thymus from 40 persons, died as a result of cancer of various localizations, demonstrated a reliable diminishing in size of Hassell's corpuscles, the constant presence of blast thymocytes, an increased  content of PAS-positive cells, reticuloepithelial dystrophy. Under lymphogenic metastasization and adrenal metastases the thymus may also increase its bulk. Some alternative changes in the thymus when involved by metastases are described.


[Bone marrow cellular makeup in stomach cancer]. The sternal and spinal bone marrow was studied in 32 patients, died at the age of 50--60 as a result of gastric cancer with different degree of differentiation and metastatic spread. Myelograms showed a reduced percentage of cells of the myeloid and erythroid series. With up to 3-year duration of the disease the amount of plasmocytes and lymphocytes in the bone marrow is regularly increased. With longer duration of the lesion lymphocytes were predominating. Such changes seem to indicate the stress status of the humoral and cell mechanisms of antitumor immunity.


[Cancer of the gallbladder].

[Cancer of the gallbladder]. Clinical observations in 25 patients with cancer of the gallbladder are described. Tumor of this localization, as a rule, is characterized by a latent course with symptoms of cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, manifested by jaundice and signs of neoplasia only ar later stages. Special attention is given to a frequent association of gallbladder cancer with an acute inflammatory process. The prophylaxis against gallbladder cancer is early surgery for cholelithiasis.


[Antigens in the blood serum in pancreatic cancer]. Blood serum from patients with cancer of the pancreas and from human controls was studied for the presence of antigenic components of the pancreas by using rabbit immunosera against the whole extract of the pancreas and its fractions, obtained through Sephadex G-200. By the reaction of precipitation in agar the pancreatic antigen was found in 18 of 21 patients with cancer of the pancreas, and in 7 of 40 patients with malignant tumors of other localizations, especially frequently in cancer of the intestine (in 5 of 15 cases). In aggravated pancreatitic the antigen was revealed in an acute period of the disease in 85% of cases, but it would disappear in blood at the 2--3d week of the lesion. In pancreatic cancer the first anode fractions were most frequently observed, which were seldom revealed in an inflammatory process.


[Quantitative histochemical determination of protein sulfhydryl groups in the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer and cancer]. Cytophotometric quantitative studies were made on the concentration and total amount of protein sylfhydrile groups in the gastric mucosa in different forms of cancer (30) and ulcerous disease (26) on resected stomach specimens. The analysis has demonstrated that the epithelial cells both in the ulcer zone and in cancerous tumor show the increased concentration and total amount of SH-groups. The histograms obtained indicated that in malignant tumor cells there occurs a shift of "the baseline" one class to the right. Changes in the content of SH-groups in the cells is likely to be one of the conditions for metabolic disturbances responsible for alterations in the division of cells and their carcinogenic transformation.


[Mitotic regime and the DNA content in pancreatic anaplastic cancer cells]. The author reports the numerical data of studies on the mitotic regime and the DNA content in cells of different (round cell, spindle cell and polymorphocellular) forms of anaplastic cancer of the pancreas. Each of these forms in shown to be characterized by the definite cytospectrophotometric and mitotic pattern, which together with the process spread taken into account may be used for prognosticating this lesion.


[Morphological characteristics of the intramural neural apparatus of the mesentery in neoplasms of the small and large intestines]. The author has studied the nervous elements of the mesentery in various tumors of the large and small intestine. Different structural alterations were found in all the components of the mesentery intramural nervous apparatus: nervous cells, the intracellular plexus, nervous fibres and receptor-structures in all kinds of neoplasms. Various impregnation technics, the Nissle method and routine coloring technics were employed. The variety in pattern of the revealed morphological alterations of the nervous elements and the rate of their involvement are found to be directly dependent on the tumor stage and form, duration of the lesion and the body responsiveness.


[Allergenic and anaphylactoid properties of carcinostatic compounds of platinum]. Different effects of platinum salts on the organism were studied comparatively. The toxic effect was estimated by LD50; the carcinogenic one--by the action on Ehrlich ascites tumor; the anaphylactoid effect was evaluated by the degree of the arterial pressure fall, the development of bronchospasm and an increased blood histamine level in cats under intravenous injection of platinum salts. The sensitization action of platinum salts was assessed on guinea pigs. All these effects are found to be dependent on the salts chemical composition, and they are manifested in an independent route.


[Results of the combined chemotherapy of stage III and IV lymphogranulomatosis]. The authors present an analysis of the results of polychemotherapy: MOPP, CCNU+NMU schedule in 36 patients with generalized lymphogranulomatosis of stage IIIB and IVA,B. An experience with the associated chemotherapy has evidenced the effectiveness of this kind of treatment and the possibility to gain the complete remission approximately in 80% of patients.


[Chemotherapy of stomach cancer in an oncology office]. Up to date of the total number of gastric cancer patients, who referred to the polyclinic, only 13% were found to be curable, 27%--may be treated without any guarantee of success, while 60% of patients were incurable. Such patients were administered 5-fluorouracil under outpatient conditions. Totally, 38 patients were treated, 13 of them are now alive, 25--died. Our observations indicated that the treatment of patients in an oncological cabinet proves to be quite feasible, and the use of chemotherapy largely improve and prolong the survival of patients with far-advanced cancer.


[Effect of the endolymphatic administration of chemical preparations on the leukocyte motor activity in stomach cancer]. The results are reported on the effect of endolymphatic administration of large doses of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate on the rate of motion and the coefficient of the motion activity of leucocytes in peripheral blood in 20 gastric cancer patients. The functional changes were found to precede quantitative shifts in leucocytes. Two weeks after termination of the chemotherapy the rate of leucocytes motion and CMA restored to the initial values.


[Increase in the sensitivity threshold of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex to the inhibiting action of dexamethasone in the process of aging and in cervical cancer]. The basal level of the androgenic and glucocorticoid hormones excretion and the level of blood glucocorticoids were studied in 237 females (52--control group, 185--cervical cancer patients) depending on the age and the ovarian function state. Also, the threshold of sensitivity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal function complex was estimated by a dexametazone test. Healthy females were shown with progressive ageing to have a relative preponderance of glucocorticoid hormones over androgenous ones, which is also observed in cervical cancer irrespective of age group. With ageing in healthy females the threshold of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex sensitivity is raised, whereas in cervical cancer patients an increased threshold of the sensitivity is observed in younger age groups and is more manifest. The increased threshold of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex sensitivity seems to be one of the mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of such unfavourable hormonal shift (a relative predominance of glucocorticoid hormones over androgenic ones), which in its turn play a significant part in tumors origination and development.


[Hormonal balance in ovarian tumors].

[Hormonal balance in ovarian tumors]. As a result of examining the urine excretion of 17-OCS, 17-KS, estrogens and the concentration of protein bound iodine and butanolextractable iodine in blood of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors, there were found some deviations from the normal hormonal balance in all these patients. These deviations were manifested in a delayed transformation of cortisol to cortisone, in a shifted androgeno-estrogenic balance toward estrogen active fractions, and in the reduced production of thyroid hormones. In ovarian cancer, however, these changes were manifested to a greater extent.


[Functional activity of the hypophyseal-thyroid system in oncological patients]. Studies of the hypophyseal-thyroid system in patients with cancer of the lung, stomach, mammary gland have revealed similar changes, manifested in the increased TTH concentration with simultaneous fall in the T3 and T4 content with the resultant increase of TTH/T3 and TTJ/T4 coefficients. The changes observed are characteristic of oncological patients only and may be used for diagnostic purposes.


[Various cellular immunity indices in patients with esophageal cancer]. It was found that 75.8% of patients with esophageal cancer respond positively to percutaneous injection of the antigen polysaccharid fraction. In patients with esophagitis the positive reaction was noted in 25% of cases. The rosette-forming capacity of lymphocytes is suppressed in 91.2% of patients with esophageal cancer. Chemoradiation treatment results in greater depression of the organism responsiveness than chemotherapy.


[Clinico-radiological features of incipient esophageal cancer]. One hundred and five patients with esophageal cancer were observed. A retrospective analysis has shown that clinico-radiological examination associated with fiberoptic esophagescopy failed to reveal any typical clinical manifestations of early esophageal cancer. The diagnosis at early stages of the disease is possible only with the aid of different method of roentgenological investigation (serial aimed roentgenograms and radiographs with direct enlargement of the image, polygrams and tomograms of the esophagus, parietography). The most typical roentgenologic sings of esophageal cancer are as follows: the filling defect, rigidity of esophageal walls, changes in the mucous membrane relief and the barium "depot". Fiberoptic esophagoscopy indicates the character of growth and histological structure of the tumor.


[Various indices of cellular immunity in cancer and chronic diseases of the stomach]. In gastric cancer there was revealed a suppressed delayed allergy to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and failure of dermal macrophages to render depression in the zone of percutaneous phytohemagglutinin injection. The most unfavourable prognosis was noted in cancer patients non-responsive to DNCB.


[Delayed hypersensitivity reaction in patients with metastatic testicular teratoblastoma]. In 41 patients with testicular teratoblastoma the cell-mediated immunity was studied by delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. Skin tests for DNCB, PPD, polysaccharide fractions of teratoblastoma and normal human embryonal antigens were made. The DNCB response is shown to correlate with the process spread and patients' survival.


[The radiological diagnosis of branched cancer of the lung]. The data on 36 patients with branched cancer of the lung are reported, which made 0.8% of the total number of lung cancer patients. A detailed analysis of radiological manifestations of branched lung cancer, presented in the article, indicated that at early stages of the disease its diagnosis is especially difficult and must be based only on the results of bronchoscopy together with biopsy. Clinical signs, as a rule, are followed by radiological symptoms which make possible to establish a reliable diagnosis of branched lung cancer. Tomograms made in the typical bronchial planes of bronchograms yield the most valuable information.


[Role of hemostasis in metastatic spread]. Blood fibrin being deposited around the circulating tumor cells seems to contribute to metastatic spread, thus enhancing the cell implantation. Whereas the same fibrin hampers cells detachment from a tumor node and their further dissemination in the organism. The anticoagulation blood system interfers with the fibrin formation, whereby inhibiting the cell implantation and metastatic spread, but is may also enhance them, contributing to detachment and dissemination of tumor cells. In this respect, to enhance the antimetastatic resistance of the body there must be a balanced interaction between the coagulation and anticoagulation blood systems with an unremoved tumor and the increased anticoagulation function after the tumor node resection especially in the early postoperative period.


[Kinetics of morphological and histochemical changes in the spleen under conditions of ovarian neoplasms developing in same and of administration of anticollagen serum]. Experimentally, on the Biskind model it was shown that the development of ovarian tumors transplanted into the spleen is proceded by a progressive reduction in the amount of active splenic cell elements, containing serotonin and hydrolytic enzymes, and by the increased changes in the structure and chemical composition of non-cellular elements of its connective tissue framework with catecholamines accumulated in the latter and the remaining cells. The injection of anticollagen serum (ACS) would increase the terms of tumors arising with the resultant predominance of their benign forms.


[Changes in lysozyme activity in the blood and organs of white rats exposed to cyclophosphane]. The lysozyme activity was estimated in the tissue and organs of white non-inbred rats. Cyclophosphane was injected trice intramuscularly in a single dose of 40 mg/kg of weight with a 4-day interval. The lysozyme activity was studied by a diffusion method in agar. The level of the enzyme was found to rise in the lung, blood serum, leucocytes and spleen. The most pronounced changes were noted 24 hours following its administration. Increased lysozyme activity may cause the enhanced digestive function of leucocytes and bactericidal properties of blood serum.


[Combination therapy of patients with cancer of the osphagus and stomach]. The experience with the treatment of 139 patients suffering cancer of the esophagus and stomach indicated that preoperative irradiation (3000-4500 rad) improves considerably late results of the treatment.


[Causes for refusing surgical treatment among gastric cancer patients]. The data on 26 gastric cancer patients who refused to be treated at different Moscow City hospitals are reported. A questionnaire method was employed to study the cause of such refusals. Some practical recommendations are given to reduce the number of the latter.


[Surgical treatment of benign bone neoplasms and its results]. The results of treatment of 404 patient with benign bone tumors are analysed, in 232 of them tumors being of osteogenic origin and in 172--of cartilaginous one. 382 patients were subjected to surgery. Late results of the treatment were studied in 313 (77%) patients. The recovery was noted in 297 (94.9%) patients, the recurrence--in 16 (5.1%). Good results were gained due to the active dispensary control of the patients till their complete cure that prevented late diagnosis of the recurrence.


[Higher risk index in breast neoplasms]. To better reveal early forms of cancer and dyshormonal lesions of the mammary gland, it is suggested to use a special index which may help to ascertain more rapidly "risk groups" and also to conduct prophylactic examinations among females with greater efficacy.


[Assimilation of certain amino acids administered to animals of different ages]. Changes in the content of some amino acids (tryptophane, lysine, histidine and arginine) in blood plasma were studied in young and old rabbits administered lysine, arginine and urea into the stomach. A decrease in utilization rate of the test amino acids in old animals, their interdependence and the effect of urea administration on the lysine level in blood serum at a relatively stable content of tryptophane and histidine were established. A conclusion is drawn about the necessity of taking into consideration the age features of lysine and arginine assimilation in determining their consumption rates in nutrition and in the use as food additives and medicinal preparations.


[Effect of time of administration of food supplement amino acids on protein utilization and the body composition of rats]. The effect of administration of amino acids enriching the diet on protein utilization and rat body composition was investigated. Net protein utilization (NPU) of the diet enriched by tryptophane, lysine or sulphur-containing amino acids comprised 0.408, 0.335 and 0.664. Changes in the time of administering the amino acids allowed NPU to be attained as 0.445, 0.352 and 0.716, respectively. It has been also shown that the time of administering the amino acids produces an effect on the rat body composition. The lowest fat content was recorded in the body with tryptophane given one hour before feeding the main diet, with lysine and sulphur-containing amino acids given one and two hours after feeding the main diet.


[Effect of retinol and alpha-tocopherol on the stability of phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes]. The modifying action of retinol and alpha-tocopherol on the stability of bilayer phosphatidyl choline membranes was studied under control of their oxidation. The membranous stability was determined by the time during which the value of the ionic conduction of the membrane in a stationary condition remained unchanged. It was shown that the stability of the membranes modified by the addition of retinol and alpha-tocopherol was not a monotonous function of the modifier concentration in the membrane (but it was achieved through maximum). The ionic conduction of bilayer membranes modified by vitamines was constant with all the tested concentrations at which the bilayers were formed while high concentrations of cholesterol decreased appreciably the ionic conduction.


[Contrast-unloading week in the complex therapy of patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity and its effect on changes in body weight and lipid metabolism indices]. The influences of the contrast-unloading week (CUW) on the changes in the anthropometric and lipid metabolism parameters was studied in 150 female patients with metabolic alimentary obesity of the II-III stages, aged from 20 to 40. On the basis of the analysis of the changes in lipid metabolism in relation to their initial level and the hyperlipoproteinemia type it is suggested that the developed CUW is mostly indicated in a combined therapy of patients with the IV type of hyperlipoproteinemia. In the II type it is recommended in combination with a dosaged physical loading. CUW can be used in out-patients, which is confirmed by the experience in the prophylactic examination of patients with metabolic alimentary obesity.


[Heterogeneity of the kappa-casein glycomacropeptide and physiological activity of its fractions]. A number of fractions with differing intensity of the inhibitory action on the gastric secretion were obtained by gel filtration in a column with biogels P-30 and P-2 of cappa-casein glycomacropeptide. A low-molecular fraction displays the greatest capacity for inhibiting gastric secretion. Desialism, heating and partial hydrolysis of glycomacropeptide with pepsin, trypsin and chemotrypsin used separately have no effect on its inhibitory activity. The resulting data suggest that the inhibitory action of glycomacropeptide is caused by a certain part rather than by entire molecule.


[Effect of the alimentary factor on certain indices of the functional state of the pancreas in young peptic ulcer patients and atrophic gastritis patients]. The activity of amylase, lipase and trypsin was increased and that of the trypsin inhibitor decreased in the blood serum of young peptic ulcer patients as compared with healthy persons. The antiulcerous dietetics normalized significantly the parameters studied. Similar highly pronounced shifts in the activity of the blood pancreatic enzymes were revealed in atrophic gastritis patients. Hyperamilasuria and clinical symptoms of pancreatitis were not observed both in the peptic patients, and in the atrophic gastritis patients. The shifts in the blood content of pancreatic enzymes and their dynamics correlated mainly with the intensity and dynamics of the disturbances in the locomotive function of the gastroduodenal system.


[Toxicologic-hygienic characteristics of the preparation nerosin, an agent for protecting plants and soils subject to wind erosion]. A year's experiment on albino rats fed with bread prepared from spring wheat "Saratovskaya-29" grown with the utilization of the antideflationary agent nerosin (1.5 t/hectare) showed that this bread did not effect the functional condition of the liver (the antitozic and protein-forming functions), as well as the redox activity of the blood constituents catalase and peroxidase, and the morphological structure of the peripheral blood of the animals. An elevation of glucuronic acid metabolism (33.16 +/- 3.45 microgram in the test group, 16.7 +/- 2.17 microgram in the controls, P less than 0.05) and a significant increase in the level of free and bound sulfates in urine, as well as a change in the sulfate index suggested intensified physiological functional defence reactions in the test animals. The use of nerosin did not affect the organoleptic characteristics of the bread and its baking properties.


[Comparative biological value of new canned child and dietary foods with supplements of fat-free curds and sodium caseinate (experimental study on weanling rats)]. The effect of introduction of milk proteins in a novel homogenized canned meat of the "Kroshka" type for child and dietetic nutrition was studied. It was shown in animal experiments that introduction of sodium caseinate and fat-free curds in a 5% amount into canned meat raises the biological value of canned food and exerts a favourable effect on some metabolic parameters of the growing organism.


[Activity of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat testicular tissues after exposure to certain pesticides]. In experiments on male Wistar rats the action of organophosphorus pesticides (chlorophos and methylnitrophos) and cineb, belonging to compounds of the carbamine series, on the LDH and H-6-PDH of the testes tissues and their isoenzymatic spectra, was studied. The results of investigations demonstrated substantial changes in the activity of the LDH and H-6-PDH isoenzymes occurring with a long-term priming for 9 months of chlorophos in a dose of 1 mg/kg of the mass. On the other hand, with introduction of methylnitrophos (in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg mass) and cineb (in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg) no statistically significant changes in the activity of the LDH and H-6-PDH were in evidence. Introduction in the same doses of chlorophos, methylnitrophos and cineb for 3 months did not have any essential influence on the activity of the LDH and H-6-PDH isoenzyme fractions, nor on their isoenzymatic profile by comparison with controls.


[Biological value of Mironovskaya-808 winter wheat grown using the herbicide simazine]. The biological value of spring wheat Mironovskaya-808 grown with the use of simazine which was introduced into soil prior to appearance of shoots at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha has been studied. The organoleptic parameters evaluated by the method of closed testing and physicochemical parameters characterizing the corn quality (protein fat, gluten and ash content, moisture, acidity) of experimental samples did not differ from those of the reference sample. Relative biological value of wheat grown with the use of simazine at a dose of 1.0 kg/ha evaluated by the test-object Tetrahymena pyriformis was slightly higher as compared to the control. The effect of test wheat samples on some parameters of protein metabolism was also studied in male rats (the content of protein and its fractions in blood serum, liver and brain as well as activity of enzymes participating in protein metabolism regulation: aminotransferases of blood serum and liver, catepsins, histidase and tryptophan oxygenase of the liver). According to the data obtained no adverse effect of spring wheat Mironovskaya-808 grown with the use of simazine on the above parameters of protein metabolism was recorded in test animals.


[Rationalization of school nutrition].

[Rationalization of school nutrition]. The paper briefs age-specific features of schoolchildren, and nature of the present-day education with emphasis on the necessity of providing the children with rational diet to ensure harmonious development of the personality, health strengthening and improving school results. A list is presented of foods and culinary articles of high biological value developed by the Institute of Nutrition in cooperation with enterprises of food, meat and milk, and fishing industry and some other institutes of the country. A number of organizational measures required for providing schools with foods enumerated are offered and the necessity of developing differentiated diets for schoolchildren of varying age is stressed.


[State of the market for specialized child nutrition products and its prospects]. The relatioship has been analyzed for the first time between research into the development of new specialized foods for infants, its manufacture and trade and demand for it. Moreover, ways of improving specialized nutrition for infant population at the present time and in future (as per prognosis up to 1990) have been outlined.


[Effect of different types of feeding on the fatty acid makeup of the blood serum in premature infants]. The composition of fatty acids and the content of total serum lipids were studied in 65 virtually healthy premature infants on varying types of feeding, natural and mixed ones (supplemented with kefir and a mixture of the "Similak" type). It was established that the composition of blood serum fatty acids in premature infants on natural feeding is marked by age-specific features. The differences in the content of blood serum fatty acids among children on natural feeding and those whose food was supplemented by kefir and a mixture of the "Similak" type were consequent on the specificity of lipid fatty acids from the food given. Good tolerance, adequate weight gain and a high content of indispensable fatty acids in blood serum were attained as a result of the research described. Therefore it is recommended that whole kefir and the mixture of the "Similak" type may be used for feeding premature infants.


[Dynamics of the humoral immunity indices in children with phenylketonuria against a background of diet therapy and after its discontinuance]. The paper concerns variations in some parameters of humoral immunity in children with phenylketonuria examined at varying time (in the presence of specific dietetics and after its discontinuation). It is concluded that in children over 5 years of age, the hyperphenylalaninemia newly occurring after discontinuation of dietetics does not exert any material effect on the function of the mature enough immune system.


[Food and biological value of the adapted acidophilous mixtures, Maliutka and Malysh]. The new acidophilus liquid mixtures "Malyutka" and "Malysh" manufactured under industrial conditions were subjected to comprehensive physicochemical, microbiological and biological studies. Amino acids and fatty acids contained by the mixtures as well as their biological value were also examined.


[Dry adapting additive and its use in dairy products for approximating the composition of human milk]. The paper concerns a procedure for a new product, dry adapting additive (DAA), designed for manufacture of liquid substitutes of breast milk under industrial conditions. The chemical composition of adapted milk mixtures is compared to that of breast milk. Procedures for adapted mixtures to be manufactured at city milk kitchens, food concentrate factories and under domestic conditions have been developed, with the mixtures being widely tried on clinical basis.


[Effect of different types of feeding on the lipid metabolism of infants in the 1st months of life with acute digestive disorders]. A total of 147 sick children from 2 weeks to 6 months of age and 40 healthy children were examined. The children suffering from acute digestive disorders showed, in the presence of formula feeding, deep changes on the lipidogram at the height of the disease. The lipidogram does not return to normal even by the time of clinical recovery. With natural and mixed feeding the metabolic changes are less pronounced, all test parameters reaching normal by the time of convalescence. Intensive therapy does not exert any material effect on the body weight recovery in children with a low lipid level in the blood serum. Parenteral and enteral applications of fat emulsions favoured rapid recovery of these children.


[Treatment of peptic ulcer with Biogastrone (carbenoxolone)]. The results are reported from the treatment of 30 patients with gastric and 13 with diodenal ulcers with biogastrone in the course of 20 days (300 mg were given the first week, where on -- 150 mg daily). A more favourable effect upon the clinical symptoms and ulcer were observed in the patients with gastric ulcer (the symptoms disappeared in 87 per cent whereas the ulcer -- in 32 per cent) as compared with the duodenal ulcer (the symptoms disappeared in 46 per cent, whereas -- the ulcer in none). Biogastrone treatment influences the pain in a higher per cent as compared with Caved-S and oxyferroscorbon (p greater then 0.05), whereas regards the rest of the clinical symptoms -- no statistically significant difference was established. As compared with the treatment with oxyferroscorbon, Caved-A and cimetidin, biogastrone has a slower effect on the subjective complaints and the ulcer niche. After biogastrone treatment, the indices of gastric secretion and acidity decrease and the sialic acid in gastric juice is increased only in the gastric ulcer, but does not change considerably in the duodenal ulcer. The rest of the laboratory indices do not change with biogastrone treatment. In two of the patients, in the course of biogastrone treatment, light edema appeared on the face and the arterial blood pressure was elevated in other two, disappearing after the treatment without any additional treatment. Biogastrone treatment is indicated mainly in cases with gastric ulcer, with decreased sialic acid in gastric juice.


[Our experience in the treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine]. The authors have treated 23 patients with duodenal ulcer under clinical and partially under out-patient department conditions with cimetidin 0.8 g daily in the course of 25 days. The results obtained are as follows: in 100 per cent -- abating of all clinical symptoms, in 56.25 per cent -- elimination of niche at X-ray examination and in 18.75 per cent -- diminution of ulcer size. The authors lay stress upon the good tolerance of the drug and absence of side effects.


[HL-A and ankylosing spondylarthritis].

[HL-A and ankylosing spondylarthritis]. With the investigation of HL A phenotypes of 133 patients with an akylozing spondylarthritis, 110 males and 23 females, confirmed incidence of antigen B 27 was established in 87.96 per cent versus 10.78 per cent of 1085 control healthy subjects. The families of 24 patients were also examined with a total of 27 subjects HLA-B27 positive relations, among them 11 cases of SA with a latent course so far. The results from those exminations reveal that HLA-B27 antigen investigations could aid making the diagnosis in cases, suspected of SA, together with the other diagnostic methods.


[Basal prolactin secretion in diabetes mellitus]. Consideration given to the literature data about the diabetogenic effect of prolactin, the basal prolactin secretion was investigated in 98 patients with diabetes mellitus. A significantly increased basal prolactin level was established. The influence of age, sex, disease duration, type of diabetes, blood sugar level, mode of treatment and vascular complications upon prolactinemia was studied. Significantly higher prolactinemia was found in insulin treated patients and insignificantly -- in diabetics with retinopathy. The correlation of prolactinemia with glycemia, insulinemia and lipacidemia is low. That provides gounds to admit that hyperprolactinemia plays no essential role as an additional diabetogenic factor in the patients with diabetes mellitus. The causal relationship between hyperprolactinemia and diabetes still remains not well elucidated.


[Changes in the serum level of prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor activity in ischemic heart disease]. The authors studied the changes in four indices of kalikrein-kinine system. For that purpose 80 patients were examined, subdivided into the following groups; 1) hypertonic disease -- I -- II and II stage -- 20 patients; 2) myocardiosclerosis -- 20 patients; 3) unstable stenocardia -- 20 patients; 4) myocardial infarction -- 20 patients. The results obtained are compared with the results of the control group of 20 healthy subjects. The method of Colman and collaborators, modified by Veremeenko and collaborators was used for the quantitative determination of prekalikrein and kalikrein inhibitors. The data obtained suggest an enhanced kalikrein activity, very likely kinine as well, i.e. -- stimulation of kalikrein kinine system in IHD patients, determined by the increased formation and decreased inactivation of the enzyme (kalikrein).