[Encephalopathy due to organomercuric compounds]. A 27 year old agricultural worker presented about one month after treating cereal seeds with an alcoxyalkyl mercurial derivative, an encephalopathy with a confusional state, a cerebellar stato-kinetic syndrome, an intention tremor and grand mal epileptic fits. Treatment with dimercaprol produced a clinical improvement on the fourth day with a fall in blood mercury from 3.5 mug to 2.2 mug whilst urinary excretion of mercury remained low. A fortnight later the patient was completely cured. Although less common than collective poisoning by ingestion, organo-mercurial encephalopathies due to occupational exposure are a real danger although it is not known whether the relative rareness of published cases is due only to lack of observance of security rules or to individual sensitivity which might be due to increased absorption of mercury through the lungs or skin. This case shows that although alkyl mercurial derivatives are reputed to be the most dangerous, alcoxyalkyl derivatives may also cause encephalopathies. Also, as long as non-toxic substances remain unavailable for use in agriculture, one should emphasise the necessity of careful observance of the security rules during manipulation of these products.


[Intestinal lymphatic ligation and arteriosclerosis. M Servelle's operation]. The authors report good results obtained by ligature of the intestinal lymphatics (Servelle's operation) performed in 15 patients with arteriosclerosis and followed up 1,2 and 3 years after the operation. The indications for the operation in the surgical treatment of arteriosclerosis are discussed.


[Pathogenic considerations in an association of systemic sclerodermia, Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome and active chronic hepatitis]. The authors, report a case of scleroderma associated with Sjogren's syndrome and chronic active hepatitis, and propose a series of theories on the relationship between these 3 conditions. Each is successively considered as the cause of the two others through a cellular immune deficiency although the possibility of a chance association cannot be excluded.


[Current place of the Pneumococcus in infectious pathology]. This work regroups an important number of acute pneumococcal infections with septicemia, which recalls that these infections are of current importance, owing to their frequency and poor prognosis. Present diagnositc, clinical, radiological and bacteriological methods are discussed and criticised. An important, but not exclusive place, is reserved for routine blood culture. Finally, the authors discuss future prospects of acute pneumococcal infections, mainly diagnostic and prophylactic.


[Hodgkin's disease: study of delayed hypersensitivity of 64 non treated patients. Value of epicutaneous test using croton oil]. Cellular immunity in 64 patients with Hodgkin's disease was studied during diagnosis before any treatment. The functional deficiency of the thymodependent lymphocyte was demonstrated in vivo by skin tests and, in vitro, by the test of inhibition of leucocyte migration to phytohemagglutininin and spontaneous rosette formation, to sheep red cells. This deficiency correlates with the clinical spread and the histological severity. The relationship between skin anergy and biological tests was found. The epicutaneous test using croton oil possesses non-specific inflammatory activity. It is negative this test is negative, skin reactivity to specific antigens is reduced. The croton tests help interpretation of skin responses to specific antigens and thus assessment of the immune state.


[Endocrine aspects of Steinert's disease]. The authors report a case of Steinert's disease in a woman and discuss the endocrine profile of this disease after giving an account of the criteria of diagnosis. Disorders of gonad function are mild in women, primary testicular atrophy is very frequent in man with reduction in 17-ketosteroids and testosterone. Thyroid function was normal but, in a few cases, a low fixation curve was found (our case) corrected by TSH stimulation. The frequency of cataract emphasizes the interest of this sign for detection. Diabetes, associated with hyperinsulinism, seemed more frequent than in a population without Steinert's disease. The pathogenesis of these endocrine disorders appears secondary and is ill explained if one considers it as a single disease. Better knowledge, no doubt linked to progress in biochemistry of normal and myopathic muscle, will help to explain the pathogenesis.


Myocardial infarct imaging with technetium-99m phosphates. Technetium-99m-phosphate imaging is particularly valuable in detecting (1) small transmural infarcts (3 g and larger in size); (2) new acute transmural infarcts in or near regions of old infarction; (3) acute subendocardial infarcts (larger than 3 g in size); (4) acute infarction in patients with left bundle branch block; and (5) perioperative myocardial infarction. Localization of inferior and posterior myocardial infarction is improved with imaging. Sizing of acute anterior and lateral infarcts has been accurately done in dogs and should prove helpful in patients. Extensive evaluation in both experimental animals and in patients has shown 99mTc-phosphate myocardial imaging to be a useful clinical tool, and it may be one of the most sensitive noninvasive ways presently available to identify acute myocardial necrosis. It is important to understand that 99mTc-phosphate imaging has a different pathophysiology basis from EKG's or serum enzymes. These tests do not compete but instead should complement one another.


Myocardial infarct imaging with technetium-labeled complexes. Detection of acute myocardial infarction as an area of increased activity has intrigued investigators for some time. Initial attempts with 203Hg-chlormerodrin and 203Hg-fluorescein analogues were successful in man. More recently, however, successful imaging of the acute myocardial infarct has been achieved with several 99mTc complexes. A large group of radiotracers localize in acutely damaged tissue in various models of experimental infarction. From these data, a number of specific structural properties associated with infarct avidity have been identified; these include the presence of mercury and the structural configuration of the organic carrier.


Rationale and radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial imaging. Static radionuclide imaging procedures are now available for evaluating regional myocardial perfusion and for detecting acute myocardial infarction. Thallium-201, a radiopharmaceutical that possesses many of the characteristics of potassium analogues, at present is receiving the greatest attention as a regional blood flow indicator. Ischemic lesions appear as areas of decreased tracer uptake. Unfortunately, this agent is expensive, is in limited supply, and has a photopeak that is low for optimum imaging. Positive infarct images can be obtained with various Technetium-99m chelates. Pyrophosphate appears to be the best of the technetium compounds studied to date, although the mechanism of uptake of the chelates has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, quantitative measurements of infract size are not justified. As perfusion imaging and infarct imaging provide useful, complementary data, a dual tracer approach to evaluating patients with suspected coronary artery disease and/or myocardial infarction, is probably justifiable.


The effects of carbohydrate, fat and total energy adjustment of Fredrickson's type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia. Fifteen patients with Fredrickson's type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia were subjected to a 10-week dietary study during which time qualitative and quantitative alterations were carried out on the fat, carbohydrate and energy content of the diet. Significant reduction was observed in fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels on substitution of polyunsaturated for saturated fat, and on total fat restriction. No changes in cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed when dietary sucrose was replaced with complex carbohydrate, or when there was total carbohydrate restriction. The possible practical applications of these observations are discussed.


Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Histochemical distinction between urachal and metastatic carcinomas. The mucopolysaccharide production of urachal and metastatic adenocarcinomas in the urinary bladder has been investigated. It is shown that urachal carcinomas do not produce sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides, whereas the metastases from the large bowel do. Since colonic carcinomas constitute the metastatic adenocarcinomas most common to the bladder, this histochemical difference is regarded as a useful distinguishing feature.


Cytomegalovirus-induced haemolytic anaemia after cardiac surgery. A patient, who underwent aortic valve replacement, developed a transient, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in association with a significant rise in titre of antibodies against cytomegalovirus. A serological survey of blood donors indicated that the source of infection was fresh blood transfused during and shortly after surgery. A number of cases of short-lived haemolytic anaemia after large volume blood transfusion with cardiac surgery may be explained by this mechanism. It may be preferable  to use only blood that has been screened for evidence of recent cytomegalovirus infection if post-perfusion complications of this disease are to be avoided.


A comparative study of the neutralisation test and the indirect fluorescent antibody technique for the detection of antibodies to the virus of Aujeszky in pig sera. A microneutralisation test and an indirect fluorescent antibody technique for the detection of antibodies to Aujeszky-virus in pig sera are described. All the sera were tested with both techniques and the results were compared. Serum dilutions of less than 1:32 which produced a positive reaction in the indirect FAT were considered nonspecific. Bij contrast, all neutralising antibody titers of less than 1:8 gave nonspecific reactions in the indirect FAT.


[The presence of antibodies to IBR/IPV virus in cattle in the environs of Leyden (author's transl)]. The appearance of IBR among cattle in the environs of Leyden is reported. Possible explanations of local differences in the incidence of IBR and possible effects on IBR immunisation of cattle in these areas are referred to in the discussion.


[Methods for the control of avian tumour virus diseases (author's transl)]. Methods developed in the Netherlands for the control of avian tumour virus diseases, Marek's disease and lymphoid leukosis, are discussed. Marek's disease is successfully kept under control by vaccination of all day-old chickens raised for egg production. Broilers are not vaccinated. During 1975 over 23 million chicks were vaccinated with cell-associated Marek's disease virus CVI 988 vaccines and about 3 million doses of HVT vaccine were administered, mostly in lyophilised form. The mechanism of the immunity conferred by the MD vaccines is discussed. Lymphoid leukosis was successfully controlled in three inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens and in a commercial grand parent flock of White Plymouth Rocks. The control method that can be applied to flocks in the field is based on three elements: From an infected flock hens are selected in whose eggs no lymphoid leukosis viruses can be detected in pooled extracts of groups of embryos. Only eggs from hens that demonstrably do not shed virus congenitally to their embryos are used for the production of progeny. The offspring are reared in isolation until two months of age at which time the age related resistance against tumour formation appears to be sufficiently developed. The chickens are subsequently inoculated intramuscularly with lymphoid leukosis viruses of subgroups A and B and transferred to a conventional chicken house. The inoculated birds become persistently viremic, resist intramuscular challenge infections or exposure by contact, but produce virus-negative eggs during the laying period. For lymphoid leukosis, congenital infection is considered the usual mode of virus transmission. Horizontal virus transmission becomes important when virus-free chickens, reared in isolation for two months, are exposed in field conditions without previous "vaccination". During the egg-laying period of these flocks, virus shedding was observed in a similar percentage as in flocks with congenitally infected birds.


An epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Sendai area, 1973-1974. In 1973 and 1974, an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) with a tendency of less frequent conjunctival hemorrhage occurred among the staff of the National Railways and their family in Sendai area. Four strains of AHC virus and 4 strains, 1 of type 7 and 3 of type 8, of adenoviruses were isolated from 22 conjunctival swabs of the patients. Thirty-six (66%) out of 55 cases examined were proved serologically to be of AHC virus infection, and 7 cases (13%) were of adenovirus infection. Clinically, infrequent association of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was most remarkable. Only 10 cases (28%) had detectable signs of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. There were no substantial changes in antigenicity and optimum temperature for virus multiplication between prototype and isolated strains. The isolated strains, however, seemed to be less neutralizable and less producible at 29 degrees C than prototype strain.


Thyroid uptake or radiophosphorus as influenced by thiourea parathormone, and ACTH in Heteropneustes fossilis. The Indian catfish, Heteropneusted fossilis, was chemically thyroidectomized with thiourea. The uptake of radioactive phosphorus by the thyroid of these thyroidectomized fished was then studied. The effect of mammalian ACTH and parathormone on the thyroid uptake of P-32 by the treated fish was also studied. It was found that thiourea reduces the P-32 uptake considerably, whereas both the hormones, separately, elevate the P-32 levels in the thyroid to near control values.


Splanchnic and intestinal uptake and formation of estriol and estriol conjugates in the dog in vivo. A loading dose of 3H-estriol was given to male dogs followed by a constant infusion. The concentrations of total radioactivity, conjugated estriol metabolites, estriol, estriol-o-glucosiduronate, estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate, estriol-3-sulfate and estriol-3-sulfate, 16alpha-glucosiduronate were determined in plasma from the femoral artery(A), hepatic vein(HV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). From these values the splanchnic (100[1-HV/A]) and intestinal (100[1-SMV/A]) extractions were calculated. The mean splanchnic extraction of total radioactivity was positive (23, SE 3, P less than .01), indicating net uptake by the splanchnic area, possibly due to biliary excretion. The mean splanchnic extraction of estriol was 77, SE 1, P less than .01, also indicating net uptake. The splachnic extractions of estriol-3-glucosiduronate, estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate and estriol-3-sulfate were negative (-15, SE 3, P less than .01; -23, SE 6, P less than .01; -31, SE 8, P less than .01 respectively) indicating net formation of these conjugates for release into the systemic circulation. The mean intestinal extraction of estriol was 12, SE 4, P less than .01, indicating net uptake by the intestine. This net uptake was associated with mean negative intestinal extractions of estriol-3-glucosiduronate (-15, SE 7, P approximately .05), estriol-3-sulfate (-33, SE 10, P less than .01) and estriol-3-sulfate, 16alpha-glucosiduronate (-53, SE 13, P less than .01), indicating net formation of these conjugates by the intestine.


Cholecalciferol metabolites binding in porcine parathyroid glands. We studied the cytoplasmic and nuclear binding of 25-hydroxychole-calciferol and 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol inside porcine parathyroid glands. Both sterols bind to cytoplasmic components, but a specific nuclear uptake was demonstrated only for 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. These findings support the hypothesis that mammalian parathyroid glands are a target organ for some cholecalciferol metabolites.


A radioimmunoassay for corticosterone and its application to the measurement of stress in poultry. A radioimmunoassay for corticosterone was developed using an antibody to corticosterone-21-hemisuccinate:bovine serum albumin. The assay possessed good specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility and required minimal sample preparation. Tests of adrenal function showed that stimulation of the adrenal with exogenous ACTH and with dexamethasone caused an increase and decrease, respectively, in plasma concentrations of corticosterone. Exposure to cold environmental temperatures caused an increase in plasma corticosterone. Handling and the removal of blood samples by venepuncture had no effect upon the concentration of corticosterone. It was concluded that this assay would accurately measure the response to stresses which affect the pituitary-adrenal axis.


Effect of hypophysectomy on estrogen conjugation and on plasma and tissue concentrations of tritium after administration of 3H-estradiol-17beta. Estradiol-17beta-6,7-3H was injected into ovariectomized (control) and ovariectomized, hypophysectomized (hypox) rats in order to study the binding of estradiol in the brain. Hypophysectomy resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of tritium in the hypothalamus, and preoptic area, as well as cortex, muscle, plasma and liver. However, since the liver was lighter in hypox rats, the total tritium content in the liver was unchanged from controls. Part of the weight reduction in the liver was due to a loss of stainable glycogen, which took place within 24 hours of hypox. The increase in circulating tritiated estradiol after hypox led us to investigate hepatic metabolism of estradiol. In vitro studies on liver slices from control and hypox rats demonstrated a significant reduction in the formation of conjugates of estrogen. Specifically, estradiol glucuronide and estrone sulfate formation were reduced in hypox rats and conversely the unmetabolized estradiol concentration was higher. Hypophysectomy for 24 hours results in a significant decrease in hepatic metabolism of estradiol-17beta.


Excretion of non-conjugated androstenedione and testosterone in human urine. A method for the measurement of unconjugated testosterone and androstenedione in human urine is described. The method uses chromatographic separation followed by radioimmunoassay and has been examined for reliability. The mean 24-hour excretion of androstenedione by adult male subjects was 2.5 mug and of testosterone was 0.8 mug. For women, the mean excretion was 2.9 mug of androstenedione and 0.25 mug of testosterone. In pregnancy, androstenedione excretion was occasionally elevated above the normal range, but testosterone excretion was quite commonly increased. Some hirsute subjects exhibited an increase in androstenedione excretion, which was decreased by administration of dexamethasone. The results suggest that the amount of unconjugated testosterone in urine is not a direct reflection of the plasma free testosterone, but urinary androstenedione may be a useful reflection of plasma androstenedione levels.


[Hyperplastic foci in chemical carcinogenesis]. Morphological, histochemical and biochemical perculiarities of liver hyperplastic nodules induced by different chemical carcinogens are regarded. The presence of basophylic atypical cells in the hyperplastic nodules, the possibility of transplantation of some nodules, the irreversibility of some morphological and biochemical lesions in these allows to designate hyperplastic nodules as a neoplasm. Enzyme and isozyme patterns in hyperplastic vesicles, the appearance of alpha-fetoprotein in these, and some other metabolic findings suggest biochemical disdifferentiation occurring in the vesicles. These findings suggest that cells of hyperplastic nodules are intermediate between normal and malignant cells in the course of neoplastic transformation.


[Mechanism of biogenic monoamine stimulation of the enzymatic reduction of disulfides]. A possibility is shown to study the catecholamine (CA) action mechanism on the simple and available object, the liver supernatant fraction. Under these conditions the physiological concentrations of CA increase the disulphide reductase (DSR) activity. The effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isadrine (isopropylnoradrenaline) is realized through beta-receptors, the mesaton (phenylephrine) effect is realized through receptors differing from the classic ones. Serotonin stimulates DSR too but in an order higher concentration; this effect is blocked by beta-adrenolytic. For CA action the membrane factor is necessary, as the effect takes place only at protracted homogenization or preliminary solubilization by detergents. The additional data are obtained in favour of the hypothesis on the DSR activation through the chain: adenylate cyclase-3',5'-AMP-protein kinase.


[Activity of NAD metabolism enzymes and DNA concentration in the liver during chicken ontogenesis]. A reverse interrelation is established between the content of NAD and DNA in the chickens liver at different stages of ontogenetic development, especially pronounced at the stages of embryogenesis. The content of NAD which is the least in the liver of the 8-day embryos increases with development of chickens and reaches the maximum level by the 6-month age. The content of DNA is maximum in the embryonal period. The activity of NAD-pyrophosphorylase in the liver nuclei has the low value at early periods of the embryonal life and rises with development of organism, reaching the constant values in one-, two- and 6-month chickens. Judging by the curve of the NAD-glycohydrolase activity in the liver nuclei, the hydrolase breakdown of NAD occurs only after chickens hatching.


[Iso-octane soluble complex of cytochrome c with bovine brain phospholipids]. The conditions are determined for formation of the isooctane-soluble complex of cytochrome c with bull brain phospholipids. Molecular ratio protein/lipid in lipocytochrome c is 1 : 20 divided by 30. Ferri- and ferroforms of protein have different affinity to phospholipids. The ferrocytochrome c in the complex is subjected to self-oxidation in the absence of redox agents. Interaction of protein with phospholipids in water phase is shown to be of electrostatic nature. The cytochrome c conformation in water solution and in the complex does not differ significantly. But the mode of packing of lipid and protein molecules in the isooctane-soluble complex depends upon the degree of oxidation as has been shown by sedimentation methods. Cytochrome c maintains his conformation in a complex with phospholipids and retains the ability to redox reactions.


Phosphorylation of endogenous membrane proteins by endogenous protein kinase at the outer surface of Ehrlich cells. An endogenous protein kinase at the surface of Ehrlich cells has been studied. Using exogenous (gamma32P)ATP as a phosphoryl group donator, a transfer was demonstrated into endogenous acceptor protein(s) as well as to exogenous phosvitin. Seryl- and threonyl-residues isolated from the endogenous and exogenous acceptor protein were found to be labeled. The ratio between the labeled phosphorylserine and phosphorylthreonine was about 3.5:1 for both the endogenous acceptor of the intact cells and the exogenous acceptor. In similar experiments with a membrane preparation from Ehrlich cells, this ratio increased to about 7:1 provided the exogenous acceptor protein was absent. The results were independent of whether 1 X 10(-5) M dibutyryl cyclic AMP was used or not with intact cells and a membrane fraction mainly consisting of vesicles. Whether the regulatory subunit of the membrane-associated protein kinase was in cis- or trans-disposition to the catalytic subunit no binding and dependence of the cyclic nucleotide was observed. Since the purified membrane fraction was considered free from endogenous cyclic AMP, it was concluded that the membrane-associated protein kinase of Ehrlich cells is not dependent on cyclic AMP. The critical role of arginine for the cyclic AMP dependence of the serine-containing residue in the catalytic subunit is discussed.


Serum adenylate kinase activity in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. Elevated adenylate kinase activities in serum and urine have been studied among patients suffering from myocardial infarction. 71% of the patients had clearly increased activities in serum already on admission to the hospital, i.e. about 12 hours after onset of symptoms and patients was 45%. A maximum peak value of the activity in serum was seen at 6 hours after admission to the hospital, i.e. about 12 hrs after onset of symptoms and the elevated enzyme activity value persisted for at least 12 hours after admission. The patients with the elevated adenylate kinase activity in serum were arbitrarily divided into three groups as regards activity. It was shown that the difference in activity of ASAT as well as LD of the high and low activity group was significant (p less than 0.01). No such difference was established between these groups for ALAT, usually not being considered as a reliable test enzyme for myocardial infarction.


Naturally-occurring neonatal canine herpesvirus infection. The detailed clinical and epidemiological history and the pathology of neonatal canine herpesvirus (CHV) disease in a naturally infected litter of pups is reported. Herpesvirus was isolated from the brain, lung, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine of one of the affected litter which died on day 10 after whelping. The isolation of virus correlated with the distinctive gross and histological changes in these organs. Herpesvirus was isolated also from the anterior vagina of the bitch 18 days after whelping --a finding which may be of significance in the epidemiology of the natural disease.


[Testing the preventive properties of polyvalent inactivated vaccine (IBR, PI-3, Adenovirus 1,3) at a cattle-breeding farm]. Tested was an inactivated polyvalent vaccine. It was shown to produce virus-neutralizing antibodies against the respiratory viruses in high titers. The vaccine proved highly immunogenic, reactogenic, and harmless in doses of 2,3,5,7, and 10 cm3 for 30-45-day-old calves and pregnant cows in their 7th or 8th month of pregnancy. The morbidity rate among the unvaccinated calves ranged from 51 to 66 per cent, and among the vaccinated ones it was from 0 to 5 per cent on the four farms studied. The abortions caused by the IBR vicontrol was cows about 17 per cent, and with the vaccinated ones it was 1.14 per cent. Calves born by untreated control cows contracted respiratory virus infections (76 per cent), while calves from vaccinated cows did not. When there was an acute virus respiratory disease on the farms all calves were treated with a hyper-immune serum against respiratory viruses, and after recovery of the herd vaccinations and revaccinations of all calves were carried out. Discussed is the problem of the protection  properties of the vaccine in the case of pregnant cows and its advantages as compared with the live vaccines in order to discontinue the transmission of live viruses onto the industrial cattle-breeding farms.


[Use of indirect complement fixation test for studying foot and mouth disease virus]. The indirect complement-fixation test was used in experiments for the subtype differentiation, and with the agar gel diffusion and the serum neutralization test was studied the immunity in cattle that had already recovered from foot-and-mouth disease or were immunized against the disease. It was found that the indirect complement-fixation test is instrumental in the demonstration of the antigenic differences between the foot-and-mouth viruses. Comparative experiments have shown that the indirect test in this case is more expedient and of higher economic value than the direct CF reactions after Traub and Möhlmann and after Marucci. The assessment of the results of comparative investigations of sera carried out by the indirect complement-fixation test, the agar gel diffusion test, and the serum neutralization reaction revealed that the indirect reaction is a convenient, quick, and prompt method of work. Discussed is the sensitivity of the reaction and its advantages and its advantages in studies on a large scale on the immune status of animals immunized against F.M.D. or animals that have recovered from the disease.


[Effect of iosan and bradofen on the viruses of Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis and fowl pox]. Tested was the effect of the iodoform preparation iosan and the quaternary ammonium preparation bradofen against the viruses of the Newcastle disease (strain La Sota), laryngotracheitis (strain TsNIIP) and fowl pox (strain FK) in birds. The following results were obtained: 1. To a concentration of 3% (262 ppm of active iodine) and exposure of 45 min. to iosan the virus of laryngotracheitis was sensitive; that of Newcastle disease perished at a conc. of 5% (525 ppm of active iodine for 15 min); and that of fowl pox was not inactivated at a 30 min. exposure to a conc. of 7% (875 ppm of active iodine.) 2. Bradofen inactivated the Newcastle disease virus in a conc. of 0.5 per cent for 30 min., while the pox virus withstood a conc. of 1.5% up to the 30 th min. The virus of laryngotracheitis was inactivated by a conc. of 2 per cent for 45 min. The disinfection effect of the tested preparations was assessed as satisfactory.


[Several features of Aujeszky disease virus]. Clinical, virological, and morphological investigations were carried out on a total of 36 rabbits experimentally infected with five strains of the Aujeszky's disease virus. Those of the test animals that were infected with strain K did not die or died showing no clinical manifestations; those infected with strains K1. B, and TB showed nervous disturbances and died strongly scratching the site of injection. The animals infected with strain KB exhibited respiratory disturbances showing no death cases. Histopathologically, nonpurulent meningoencephalitis of the central nervous system was established in all animals. The rabbits infected with strain K (resistant to trypsin and temperature changes) and those infected with strain KB these lesions were more slightly expressed. The lungs of the affected animals showed interstitial intralobular phenomonia of a lympho-histiocytic type as a reactive necroses in the liver and spleen. In the case of K1, B, and TB infections no changes in the lungs and spleen were noticed, however, the liver was analogously affected. Results showed that those of those of the strains that were with lower virulence did not cause the clinical picture of scratching; such strains proved neurotropic and even strongly pheumotropic. It is concluded that the clinical and morphologic aspects observed in experimentally infected rabbits can be referred to in diagnosing the causative agent, differentiating strains that are slightly pathogenic from strains that are pathogenic.


[Attempts to adapt BNK cells to cultivation in suspension and study of the antigenic properties of foot-and-mouth diseases viruses obtained from them]. Experiments were carried out to cultivate the foot-and-mouth disease virus under laboratory conditions in a suspension of the BHK-21 cell line. Results showed that the number of cells cultivated in a susfor 48 to 72 hours of incubation reaches up to 2.2 X 10(6). It was also found that certain conditions should be observed for the successful cultivation of the cells in suspension, such as aeration, pH, and respective temperature. It was demonstrated that foot-and-mouth diseases viruses obtained from BHK cells propagating in suspension possess good antigenic and immunogenic properties.


Ultrastructure of the neuroglial fatty metamorphosis (Virchow) in the perinatal period. The ultrastructure of neuroglial fatty metamorphosis (GFM) has been investigated in the telencephalic white matter of 12 premature and mature infants (gestational age 22-40 weeks; survival 0-96 days). GFM was found in all cases apart from a 22-week-old fetus, and involves predominantly astrocytic cells (68.8%), then glioblasts (43.5%), but only 7.4% of oligodendrocytes. GFM, therefore, seems to be independent of the myelination process and indicates the vulnerability of the immature neuroglial population in the metabolic and circulatory disorders of the perinatal period. Since GFM is found in almost all children dying within the early postnatal period, this subtle alteration reflects a special form of minimal brain damage. The relationship between GFM, astrocytic hypertrophy and periventricular leucomalacia and their role in the telencephalic leucoencephalopathy are discussed.


Hemangiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver following vinyl chloride exposure. A report of two cases. A report is given of the clinical and autopsy findings of two men who died from malignant liver neoplasm following occupational exposure to vinyl chloride. The first patient was a 44-year-old man with an hemangiosarcoma of the liver, the second patient a 67-year-old man with an hepatocellular carcinoma. So far an hepatocellular carcinoma due to vinyl chloride has not yet been observed in man. Its occurrence, however, has been suggested from the results of animal experiments. The connection of hepatocellular carcinoma with exposure to vinyl chloride is discussed.


[Physico-chemical and immunological parameters of C-type oncornavirus produced by transplantable Syrian hamster cell line]. The results of investigations of oncornavirus produced by the continuous Syrian hamster cell line (cell culture 100) are presented. The virus isolated is a hamster C-type oncornavirus according to its physico-chemical and immunological properties.


[Study of gallium-67 citrate distribution in rat tumors]. In rats with transplantable tumors of different histological structure the authors have studied the dynamics of gallium-67 citrate distribution in tumors, adjacent tissues and blood. It has been found that gallium-67 is able to be accumulated in increased amounts in all tumors irrespective of their histological type. Tumor image in scannograms was mostly distinct on the 2--3d day after injection of gallium-67 citrate, when there was the greatest difference in accumulation of the isotope in the tumor and surrounding "intact" tissues.


[Autoradiographic study of the gastric mucosa in cancer]. A summary of main successes in the field of diagnosis and therapy of lymphogranulomatosis is given. The most informative methods of diagnosis that need further development are estimated. Therapeutic schemes that are to be further pinpointed (radiation, pharmacological and combined) as well as possible prospective trends in studying the pathogenesis (the technic of cultivation, an estimate of the immunological status) are being formulated, due to that the therapeutic policy might be substantially modified.


[Effect of cyclic-3',5'-AMP on rat liver polynucleotide phosphorylase activity]. Effect of cAMP on the activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) was studied in polyribosome fraction of rat liver tissue. Intraperitonel administration of cAMP or of theophilline into rats distinctly decreased the PNPase activity in the polyribosome fraction. The cAMP (1-10(-4) M) inhibited the enzymatic activity only by 8% in polyribosome fraction in vitro, as it was estimated by the reaction of phosphorolysis of endogenous RNA and polyA added. Any attempts were proved to be uncucessful to reveal cAMP, ATP-dependent proteinkinase in rat liver, responsible for the decrease in the PNPase activity in the polyribosome fraction. The cAMP inhibited the increase in the PNPase activity, coupled with protein biosynthesis in polyribosomes. Moreover, cAMP caused a decrease in the PNPase activity in reaction of polyA phosphorolysis and did not affect the rate of endogenous RNA phosphorolysis in polyribosome fraction, isolated from postmitochondrial fraction after incubation for 15 min at 30 degrees. The 3',5'-cyclo AMP (2-10(-6)-2-10(-4) M) stimulated incorporation of 14C-leucine into acid-insoluble material, when postmitochondrial fraction was incubated under the same conditions. The data obtained suggest that cAMP either inhibits specifically the PNPase synthesis or represses the coupled with protein biosynthesis formation of active "heavy" type of PNPase from less active "light" type.


[Sequence of conversion of pregnenolone into androgens in virilizing adrenal glands in man]. Trace amounts of labelled pregnenolone were added to the slices of veriliscent tumor from human adrenal gland in order to study the stepwise conversion of the steroid into androstenedione, 11betaOH-androstenedione and their intermediats--17-alpha-OH pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, and 17-alpha-OH-progesterone. The definite sequence was observed in the maximal incorporation of pregnenolone label into 17-alpha-OH-pregnenolone (2-5 min of incubation) leads to dehydroepiandrosterone (5-15 min) leads to androstenedione (10-20 min). Incorporation of the pregnenolone label into 17-alpha-OH-pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone was distinctly higher than into progesterone and 17-alpha-OH-progesterone in all the experiments within all the studied periods of incubation. The data obtained suggest that in viriliscent tumors of adrenal gland conversion of pregnenolone into androgens proceeded as follows: pregnenolone leads to 17-alpha-OH-pregnenolone leads to dehydroepiandrosterone leads to androstenedione. When formation of androstenedione and 11beta-OH-androstenedione from pregnenolone and progesterone was analyzed during the experiment it was shown that 11-beta-OH-androstenedione was mainly formed via androstenedione and the hormone was the end product of the androgen synthesis.


[Morphology and classification of secondary tumors of the ovaries]. Based on histomorphological study of over 200 observations, the author suggests the morphological characteristics of basic varieties of secondary ovarian tumors. Some aspects of the nomenclature are discussed, and the classification of neoplasms under consideration is presented. Among epithelial secondary tumors of the ovaries special attention is given to Krukenberg tumor and metastases of cancer with "functioning stroma". The classification also takes into account mesenchymal, neurogenic, hemopoietic and other tumors.


[IgM diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections by means of the immunofluorescent method]. Sera were investigated of patients possibly suffering from an EBV infection, without showing clinical features characteristic of infectious mononucleosis. The method of investigation was the detection of antibodies of the IgM-type by means of the immunofluorescent method using a three-layer technique. Diagnosis of EBV infection was established in 10 out of 90 patients with facial palsy, one with myelitis, one with sudden deafness and one with polyneuritis. In addition, 4 out of 19 cases of hepatitis (Hbs-negative) proved to be due to infection with EBV. The specific IgM test proved to be superior to the heterophil agglutination test.


[The action of silymarin on Galactosamine-induced hepatitis in the rat (author's transl)]. The hepatoprotective action of Silymarin was studied in 65 male Wistar rats, prior to and following D-galactosamine intoxication. There was a marked reduction in the histological and ultrastructural changes in the nucleolus, nuclear membrane, mitochondria, granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes of the liver cell and also in the Kupffer stellate cells. The reduction in glycogen and RNA loss was determined biochemically. The activities of many enzymes were kept constant (oxidoreductases, NADH2 diaphorase, G-6-phosphatase, Mg++ and K+/Na+-dependent ATPases, acid phosphatases).


[Age dependence of adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP generation in aortas and femoral arteries of rats (author's transl)]. It is well-known that the cAMP-adenylate cyclase system is important in mediating the effects of numerous hormones. We investigated the age-dependent behaviour of this system in aortas and femoral arteries of male Wistar rats (at the age of 10 days, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 22 months). 1. The basic adenylate cyclase activity had considerably been decreased beyond the first month of life, thereafter it was almost constant. 2. The response of adenylate cyclase to guanylyl-imidodiphosphate and NaF had essentially been elevated since the 4th month of age. 3. The possibility of stimulating the cAMP generation due to epinephrine and histamine had substantially been increased since the 12th month of age.


Polychlorinated biphenyl(s) as a promotor in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on hepatocarcinogenesis in female rats of Donryu strain receiving 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) were investigated. Oral administration of PCBs after administration of 3'-Me-DAB resulted in a high incidence (64%) of hepatocarcinoma. In contrast, administration of a similar amount of PCBs before, or together with 3'-Me-DAB did not induce hepatic tumors. Administration of a slightly larger amount of PCBs alone did not induce liver tumors, while administration of a slightly larger amount of 3'-Me-DAB alone caused only a low incidence (13%) of hepatocarcinoma. These results strongly suggest that PCBs exert a potent promoting action in experimental azo dye hepatocarcinogenesis.


[On the enzymatic breakdown of tripolyphosphate and diphosphate in minced meat I. the determination of the triphosphatase and diphosphatase activities in tissue (author's transl)]. The determination of the tripolyphosphatase and diphosphatase activities in minced muscular tissue is described. This determination bases on the rate of breakdown of added tripolyphosphate and diphosphate respectively. The kinetic of the polyphosphatase effect with regard to the evaluation of the data is discussed whereby a mathematical description of the substrate activated breakdown of disphosphate by means of the polynomic regression is included.


Expression of virus specific morphological cell transformation induced in enucleated cells. Chick embryo fibroblasts infected by a temperature sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus were enucleated with Cytochalasin B. The cytoplasts were still able to transform morphologically when shifted from nonpermissive to permissive temperature, and to revert ot normal morphology when shifted from permissive to nonpermissive temperature. This indicates that the viral gene product responsible for transformation acts primarily on cytoplasmic or membrane components and not on the nucleus.


[On the enzymatic breakdown of tripolyphosphate and diphosphate in minced meat II. occurence of tripolyphosphatase in muscular tissue (author's transl)]. After a review on the present knowledge of the occurence of tripolyphosphatase in muscular tissue own data of the tripolyphosphatase activity in the bovine longissimus muscle of seven animals are reported. Remarkable differences between animals were observed which seem to depend on the pH of tissue.


[A so-called adamantinoma of the right femur (author's transl)]. Report on a so-called adamantinoma of a right femur (fourth case from available publications) with remarks on the histogenesis of these tumors, which show correlating properties with malignant synovialomas. In other words, the so-called adamantinoma of long bones represents the osseous form of a malignant synovialoma, whereby an intraosseous ganglion has to be considered as a histogenetic criterion (matrix).


[Effect of etimizol on super-slow electrical oscillations and the concentration of noradrenaline in nuclei of the rabbit hypothalamus]. Following intramuscular administration of a 2.5 mg/kg dose of ethymisol to curarized rabbits with implanted gold electrodes in the anterior group of hypothalamic nuclei, a correlation was revelaed between the amplitude of superslow electrical oscillations of 0 to 1 c/s and the noradrenaline content in the brain tissue. After ethymisol administration, the positive wave of the slow oscillation disappeared, while the adrenaline content in the hypothalamic area decreased from 0.93 mkg/g to 0.16 mkg/g of the tissue. By means of phentolamine and propranolol adrenoblockators the participation of alpha-and beta-receptors of the hypothalamus in the ethymisol effect has been proved.


[Metastasizing islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas in a 10-year-old girl (author's transl)]. A medullary islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas with liver and peritoneal metastases was found at autopsy of a 10-year-old girl. Ultrastructurally, the carcinoma cells showed typical secretion granules resembling prevailingly A1 (D) cell granules in pancreatic islets. Silver impregnation according to Hellerström and Hellman (1960) for demonstration of A1 islet cells was moderately positive in the tumor cells. Therefore, it is suggested that the presented metastasizing islet cell carcinoma may have derived from A1 islet cells.


Studies on the phyllosphere microflora of tapioca (Manihot utilissima Pohl). Studies on the phyllosphere microflora of tapioca (Manihot utilissima Pohl.) revealed that incidence of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes is indipendent of the variety, but dependent on the age. The bacteria and fungi increased with increasing age of the leaf and were more on mature leaves, whereas no such difference was noticed in the occurrence of actinomycetes. The large majority of the isolates, that were Gram-negative bacteria, was also amino acid-requiring. The chromogenic types occurred in greater abundance. The phyllosphere mycoflora consisted mainly of species of Asperigullus, Penicillium, Mucor, Curvularia, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Fusarium, Hormicium, and Pullularia, at first three being predominant. There was no correlation between HCN content of leaves and microorganisms in the phyllosphere, Regarding the interrelationship between different groups of microorganisms in the phyllosphere, a positive correlation between fungi and actinomycetes and bacteria and actinomycetes in two (M. 4 and H. 105/44) varieties and a negative correlation for fungi and actinomycetes in one (H. 12/49) were obtained. The effect of leaf exudate and leaf, root, and tuber extracts on the germination of the conidia of three saprobic fungi, viz., Curvalaria sp., Alternaria sp., and Helminthosporium sp. was tested. While the leaf exudate and tuber extracts slightly stimulated the germination of the conidia of the fungi, the leaf extract exerted a selective inhibitory effect on the germination of the conidia of Curvalaria sp., but not on the conidia of Helminthosporium sp. and Alternaria sp.


[Two malignant uterine tumors of embryonic tissue residues. (Carcinoma of Gartner's ducts, Mullerian mixed tumor)]. Report about a Gartnergang-carcinoma of the cervix uteri of a 24 years old woman. The cytological findings as well as the typical histological characteristics are represented. Persisting particles of the Gartnergang have been proved at the right lateral wall of the cervix uteri and in the lower parts of the corpus uteri. Report about a woman of 62 years. A Mullerian mixed tumour of the corpus uteri with myxoedematous parts has been diagnosed. It must be pointed out, that previous radiotherapy of the true pelvis may possible incluence the development of a Mullerian mixed tumour.


[Polyneuropathy in uremic patients in chronic hemodialysis (clinico-morphologic findings]. Among 50 patients who suffered from chronic renal insufficiency and who were on a chronic hemodialysis, 25 demonstrated uremic polyneuropathy with a different degree of expressiveness which depended upon the duration azotemia. A histological study of 13 postmortem cases detected a microfocal demyelinization in the peripheral nerves, and in cases of expressed pathology there were changes in the axon cast of the peripheral nerves and neurogenic muscular atrophy. There were no direct correlations between the development of polyneuropathy and the amount of hemodialysis sessions.


Studies on histones and nuclear phosphoproteins of rat liver and Morris hepatoma. 1. The chemical composition of chromatins obtained from Buffalo rat liver and Morris hepatoma strain 5123 was investigated. 2. The presence of an additional subfraction within the very lysine-rich histone (fl) was states in both kinds of tissues. It amounted to about 8% and 5% of fl in rat liver and Morris hepatoma, respectively. 3. Nuclear phosphoproteins (phenol-soluble) from normal and tumour tissues in polyacrylamide gel in SDS showed some qualitative differences in the range of molecular weights of about 40 000 - 70 000 and over 100 000 daltons.


[Inhibition of the respiratory chain by the alkaloids berberine sulfate, alpinigenine, and tetrahydropalmatine]. The three alcaloids inhibited the NADH oxidase system of electron transfer particles from beef heart up to 90--100 percent. The concentrations of half-inhibition amounted to 50 muM for berberine sulphate and tetrahydropalmatine and 0.55 mM for alpinigenine. All three compounds showed comparable inhibitions on the succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase system only at concentrations 20--25 times as high. The site of action may be the iron sulphur region of the complex I of the electron transfer system. The biological importance of this respiratory inhibitions should be taken into account.


[Hormonal stimulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate formation in cell-free particles and intact cells of smooth muscle in the aorta and femoral artery of rats during immubilization stress]. The ability of adrenaline and histamine to stimulate the formation of cyclic AMP was investigated in broken cell preparation and intact cells of smooth muscle of the aorta and femoral artery of rats which had been subjected to daily intermittent immobilization for 1, 3, and 17 weeks. It was found that this type of stress led to an instability of the blood pressure which was associated with an increase in the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase in the broken cell preparations from the arteries to adrenaline and histamine and with a heightened cyclic AMP response to the two hormones in the intact arterial smooth muscle cells. The sensitivity of cardiac adenylate cyclase for adrenaline remained unchanged.


Antagonism by guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate derivatives against the action of adrenaline on the automaticity of isolated rat heart muscle cells in culture. Spontaneously and rhythmically beating single cells from the ventricles of new-born rats were cultured on coverslips for 3 to 4 days and transferred to a small perfusion chamber for photoelectric recording of their contractions. The cells responded to 3 - 10(-7) M adrenaline with a pronounced increase and to 1.7 - 10(-5) M carbamylcholine with a mode-rate decrease in the rate of beat. Carbamylcholine nearly abolished the beat-accelerating effect of adrenaline. 8-Bromo cyclic GMP and N2-2'-O-'DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC GMP, in concentrations of 4.2 to 8.4 - 10(-4) M, exerted only very slight depressant effects on the basal rate of beat, but strongly antagonized, and in the majority of experiments with 8-bromo cyclic GMP completely suppressed, the positive chronotropic action of adrenaline. Cyclic GMP, 5'-GMP, and 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate were without effect. 8-Bromo cyclic AMP caused a marked acceleration of beating. In view of the mediator roles that cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP have been assigned in the cardiac actions of beta-adrenergic and of cholinergic agents, respectively, the present results may be interpreted as being indicative of an adrenergic-cholinergic antagonism at the level of these two cyclic nucleotides.


[Mediastinal chemodectoma (author's transl)]. In 1958 a mediastinal tumor was discovered in an asymptomatic patient. She had previously complained of vomiting and an oesophageal abnormality had been discovered though not treated. The mediastinal tumor was resected and diagnosed as a non chromaffine chemodectoma. In the follow-up the mediastinal image never appeared normal and the heart shadow was enlarged. In 1974 an infiltrate appeared in the left lung. In 1975 the patient was operated : a pulmonary osteochondroma, a pericarditis and an intrapericardial aortopulmonary chemodectoma were discovered. The mediastinal chemodectoma is a rare tumor and its frequency, location and signs are discussed. The importance of angiography for diagnosis is stressed. The authors consider malignant degenerescence to be rare, and the treatment is surgical as the tumor is radioresistant. In the present case there was either a malignant recurrence or multiple focuses with a possible oesophageal location.


Adenovirus infection of the cervix.

Adenovirus infection of the cervix. A case is recorded in which intranuclear inclusions suggesting adenovirus infection were recognized in a routine Papanicolaou smear. The patient was recalled for virologic studies and adenovirus type 19 was cultured from the cervix. The patient had a recent history of systemic illness with conjunctivitis, and a friend had conjunctivitis at the same time which was also proven to be due to adenovirus of the same serotype. This is the first reported instance in which adenovirus infection of the cervix suspected on cytologic findings has been confirmed by virus culture.


A behavior of Y chromatin in cancer cells of males. Y-chromatin or Y-body which is present in interphase nuclei in over 78 per cent of somatic male cells varied in frequency and multiplication in malignant tumors. The variation is characteristic of each tumor and kept fairly constant in cultured cell lines unless modulation occurs during continuous subcultures. The variation was due to chromosomal abnormality, aneuploidization or polyploidization, but in part appears to be related to abnormality of intercalary quinacrine binding to chromosomes.


Action of cyclic nucleotides on protein and RNA synthesis in the thyroid. Thyrotrophin (TSH) regulates the biosynthesis of thyroid protein and RNA. This action is mediated by adenylate cyclase and cycl AMP. In the present study the action of cyclic GMP and cyclic CMP was investigated in beef slices. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP significantly increased the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA. These effects were blocked by actinomycin D, suggesting that their action is located at a preor at a transcriptional step. The PCA soluble fraction radioactivity followed in parallel with tha variations observed in the RNA fraction, supporting the view that cyclic nucleotides may regulate RNA by modulating the nucleotide precursors pool. Cyclic CMP in concentrations between 0.35 to 1.5 mM progressively decreased the RNA labelling, and the values of the PCA soluble radioactivity again followed  those of RNA. Furthermore, cyclic CMP also blocked the in vitro stimulatory action of cyclic AMP on the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein, and of [3H]uridine into RNA. The present results provide the first information on the action of cyclic AMP on RNA synthesis and suggest that negative signals may also play a part in the regulation of thyroid function.


Use of the cytocentrifuge for the detection of cytomegalovirus inclusions in the urine of renal allograft patients. A case roport. The cytodiagnosis of virus infected cells in the urine of immunosuppressed patients is a new and important aspect of exfoliative cytology. A case report is presented which demonstrates the detection of diagnostic viral inclusions in a renal allograft recipient with CID. Diagnostic cells with good cytologic detail are observed using a Cytocentrifuge technique.


The effect of pituitary-adrenal manipulations upon urinary cyclic AMP excretion in man. The present studies demonstrate that the administration of pharmacologic amounts of ACTH is associated with small but significant increases in urinary cyclic AMP excretion and in urinary cyclic AMP/creatinine ratios which are most likely related to a release of cyclic AMP from adrenocortical tissue. Acute suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis with dexamethasone and stimulation with metyrapone, however, is not associated with changes in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. These results suggest that physiological levels of ACTH and cortisol contribute little, if any, to the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP in man.


Cortisol and corticosterone productions of isolated adrenal cells in neonatal rabbits. Isolated adrenal cells of rabbits aged from 0 h to day 40 after birth were incubated for 2 h in the presence of ACTH. Thin-layer chromatography and the fluorimetric method were used to evaluate the products of these adrenal cells separately for cortisol and corticosterone. Cortisol production by adrenal cells in response to ACTH (0.1 mU) was found to be highest between 0 and 8 h after birth (0.522 +/- 0.049 mug/105 cells; mean +/- SEM). A decrease was observed at 9-20 h and this was further followed by a steady decrease up to day 35-40. Corticosterone production was 0.206 +/- 0.042 mug/105 cells between 0 and 8 h after birth. Subsequently, this level was evenly maintained up to 12-14, but it tended to increase on day 35-40. The level of cortisol production was significantly higher than that of corticosterone production at 0-20 h after birth, while the former was significantly lower than the latter from day 12-14 onwards. The ratio of corticosterone to total corticosteroids (cortisol +  corticosterone) was very low (0.28 +/- 0.04) at 0-8 h after birth, but showed a progressive rise up to day 35-40, when it was 0.95 +/- 0.01. The results of the present study show that cortisol is the pre-dominant product of the adrenal cells in rabbits during early post-natal life.


Virus infections of the respiratory tract cytopathologic and clinical analysis. Thirty-three cases of respiratory tract virus infections diagnosed cytologically are reviewed. The clinical and demographic data are presented and correlated with an analysis of the cytologic findings. Herpes virus was the most common infection. It occurred in patients with other severe medical problems and had little apparent effect on the clinical outcome of any particular case. Quantitative and qualitative cytologic findings did not correlate with the severity of the herpetic infection. The virus was isolated in culture in only one of 21 cases of Herpes virus infection. Cases in the later part of the study indicate an increasing incidence or recognition of the infection in the respiratory tract. In this series there was a clustering of Herpes virus cases in relation to date of admission and hospitalization in respiratory intensive care. Cytomegalovirus infection was recognized in four cases. This infection occurs in the immune suppressed patient and can be made reliably from cytologic findings. Smears must be screened thoroughly and carefully as the characteristic inclusion is seen in only a rare cell. Bronchial brushing specimens are the most useful. The disease should not be fatal if the level of immune suppression can be manipulated and the patients basic medical problem is not too severe. Cytologic findings contribute little information to tjor medical problems and the adenovirus infection was incidental. Thy cytologic findings in some cases may be non-specific since antibody studies and culteral confirmation are lacking in these cases.


FSH: II. Evidence for its mediating role on testosterone secretion in hypopituitarism. Testicular responses to administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in 23 hypopituitary patients were compared to responses obtained in adequate control groups and correlated to basal plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Sixteen nonpubertal patients demonstrated a significantly diminished testosterone response (250 +/- 64 ng/100 ml, mean +/- SEM) along with low basal plasma FSH values (1.4 +/- 0.2 mU/ml) when compared to normal response (607 +/- 97 ng/100 ml) and normal FSH level (2.3 +/- 0.2 mU/ml), but with normal LH values. In 7 pubertal patients decreased testosterone responses to HCG (815 +/- 147 ng/100 ml) were observed with normal plasma FSH and LH values. Correlation between testosterone responses and FSH levels (r - 0.718, P less than 0.002) in the pre-pubertal hypopituitary patients was highly significant. No such correlation was observed between testosterone response and LH. The represent findings may a) give one explanation for the absence of response to HCG observed in some cases of hypopituitarism, b) give support to the hypothesis that FSH has a mediating role on LH-induced secretion of testosterone by the testis in human subjects.


Localization of prolactin binding in prostate and testis: The role of serum prolactin concentration on the testicular LH receptor. Specific binding sites for prolactin (PRL) and gonadotrophins on ventral and dorsolateral prostate as well as on Leydig cells and tubules of testes of rats at different ages were examined. The binding sites for PRL were found in greatest number in ventral prostate and in Leydig cells. LH binding sites were also more numerous than FSH binding sites in the latter. FSH sites were greater than LH sites in tubular preparations obtained from the testis. Specific binding (SB) of PRL in the Leydig cells reached a maximum at 45 days (4%) and in the case of LH a maximum of 12% was obtained at 70 days. In both preparations SB of FSH exhibited a plateau between 20 and 40 days (11%) followed by a gradual decline to 6% at 100 days. Following 20 dyas of treatment with Bromocriptin beginning at 20 days serum PRL was suppressed and SB of LH to the Leydig cells was significantly decreased, whereas SB of PRL and FSH was unaffected. These studies suggest that despite decreases in serum PRL, the number of PRL and FSH receptors remain unaltered. On the contrary, LH receptors in the rat testis are modulated by changes in serum PRL.


Scanning electron microscopy in the study of lung cancer. New technique of comparative studies on the same lung cancer cells by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A new technique for observing the same lung cancer cells by light microscope and SEM was developed. By this technique it was clarified that the surface ultrastructures of epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and oat-cell carcinoma cells are different from each other. Those of adenocarcinoma and mesothelial cells were quite different. This technique might be of use, adding new information into the ordinary cytologic diagnosis of cancer cells.


Prostaglandin mediated natriuresis during glucagon infusion in dogs. Ten mug/min glucagon infused intravenously for 30 min in conscious dogs (weight 15-25 kg) is shown to increase renal prostaglandin activity and to produce a natriuretic effect, which is impaired by indomethacin pretreatment. Cardiac output, heart rate, renal blood flow and urine cAMP excretion are similarly increases in non-pre-treated and indomethacin pre-treated dogs. Glucagon infusion does not consistently change plasma renin activity in non-pre-treated dogs, while the renin secretion is almost totally blocked when glucagon is administered to dogs that are pre-treated with indomethacin. The results are consistent with the view that the natriuretic response to glucagon is largley dependent upon increased renal blood flow. An addition tubular prostaglandin mediated and possible anti-aldosterone effect is, however, also involved.


Binding of cholecalciferol metabolites to rat duodenal mucosa cytosol. In vitro binding of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D3) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) was studied in the duodenal mucosa cytosol of rachitic rats: both 25-(OH)D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 bind to a macromolecule (sedimentation coefficient 5.5 to 6 S in low or high ionic strength) with a high affinity (KD at 4 degrees C = 1.2 X 10-9M and 2 x 10-9M, respectively). In addition, it is concluded from competition and chase experiments that 25-(OH)D3 binding sites differ from that for 1,25-(OH)2D3.


Distribution of glucose-6-phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase in the digestive system of two teleost fishes. The distribution and histochemical localization of G6Pase and 5-nucleotidase in the different parts of the alimentary canal of two teleost fishes, Heteropneustes fossilis and Barbus sophore have been studied. The major sites of activity of the two enzymes are intestinal mucosa and liver. G6Pase is localized in the cytoplasm of the absorptive cells of the intestinal mucosa while 5-nucleotidase is present in the cytoplasm as well as nucleus and cell membrane. In the intestine, the anterior portion shows more stronger activity than in the middle and posterior portions. Mild activity is also noticed in the mucosa and gastric glands of the stomach. G6Pase activity is stronger than 5-nucleotidase activity in all the portions. Weak 5-nucleotidase activity is found in the submucosal connective tissue and the nuclei of the intestine. The goblet cells, muscularis abd serosa are negative in all the portions. G6Pase activity is stronger in the herbivorous fish Barbus sophore than in the omnivorous form Heteropneustes fossilis. In the liver, stronger activity of two enzymes is localized in the hepatocytes surrounding the sinusoids. Connective tissue and endothelial lining are negative.


[Enzyme histochemistry of the sand rat pancreas (Psammomys obesus) after different caloric food]. In a complex investigation were evidenced 12 selected enzymes (oxidoreductases and hydrolases) in the pancreas of normoglycemic sand rats (Psammomys obesus). The sand rat developed a spontaneous diabetic metabolism by holding in the vivarium. The material based of animal groups that were fooded ad libitum or after defined dietetic regimes. The topochemical pattern of enzymes in the Langerhans' islets and exocrine acini can be compared between the sand rat groups and with the good investigated model of the Wistar rat. Because enzymhistochemical investigations of the sand rat pancreas absented, were the results compared with the rare specific observations of other animals and the man and the changed metabolic level were discussed under the especially food situation and in diabetes mellitus.


"PKU bodies": characteristic inclusions in the brain in phenylketonuria. The ultrastructure of various inclusions within oligodendroglial cells in the brains from two phenylketonuric patients was studied. Characteristic lamellar, oval, slightly irregular inclusions measured between 0.5 and 2 micra in diameter and were bounded by a single membrane. The longitudinal and transverse lamellae of these inclusions had a distinct pattern. In analogy to lamellated but different inclusions of other diseases, these structures were termed "PKU bodies". Various possibilities that would explain the morphogenesis of the PKU bodies and other inclusions in the oligodendroglial cells, and the significance of these findings, are discussed.


Lymphocyte inclusions in the juvenile type of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis. An electron microscopic study. Peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibiting cytoplasmic vacuoles from eight patients with the juvenile type of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis were investigated by electron microscopy. Osmiophilic inclusions could be demonstrated in the vacuoles and occasionally in the cytoplasm proper, revealing a fingerprint-like ultrastructural pattern or a less defined dense granular material, sometimes with an osmiophobic component adjoined. The inclusions are compared with those demonstrated in seven of the cases by earlier investigations of rectal biopsies in a variety of cell types, mainly in nerve cells. Discrimination is attempted between the lymphocyte inclusions and "parallel tubular arrays" regarded as representing a regular lymphocyte constituent.


The protracted form of juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Clinical and ultrastructural findings consisting of curvilinear and fingerprint residual bodies, in a protracted juvenile form of NCL are reported from a woman who died at the age of 35 years. Homochrony and homotypy of her brother's illness emphasize intrafamilial similarities within subgroups of lysosomal disorders.


Atlanto-axial fusion in rheumatoid arthritis. A new method of fixation with wire and bone cement. Twenty-eight occipito-cervical fusions performed over the past 4 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are discussed. All of the patients with one exception had signs of neurological involvement preoperatively due to pressure on occipital nerve roots, spinal cord and/or vertebral arteries. A surgical technique using wire, pin and bone cement and permitting early mobilization without external fixation was used and is described in detail. The clinical results were excellent in 21 cases with an additional five patients showing improvement. One patient did not benefit from surgery and one had no symptoms preoperatively. The results are encouraging and the possibility of early mobilization (the day after surgery) is of the utmost importance for this group of patients.


A study on Mallory bodies. Isolation, ultrastructure and preliminary biochemical characterization of Mallory bodies from livers of alcoholic cirrhosis and malignant hepatoma. Mallory bodies (MBs) were isolated from the livers of 8 alcoholic patients and a malignant hepatoma occurring in a non-alcoholic patient. MBs were isolated in large quantity and high purity. The isolates were devoid of liver cell organelles except in the case of malignant hepatoma where dense and membranous material resembling nuclear substances and endoplasmic reticulum were found. The "nuclear" material had continuity with MBs. Electron microscopic examination suggested the presence of a dense body and very fine filaments within in situ and isolated MBs in addition to the tubular structure of so-called MB fibers. Amino acid analysis indicated that the major component of MBs is a protein which does not contain unusual amino acids or any particular amino acid in a large quantity to characterize this protein. The isolated fractions were solubilized in 6 M guaindine hydrochloride by sonication or in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with 2 mercaptoethanol and 8 M urea. The solubilized MB protein produced 3 peaks by Sephadex G 100 chromatography and at least five intense protein bands by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Serum sample and the fractions from control livers contained several protein bands which were similar to the major components of isolated MB protein. These morphological and biochemical findings suggest that MBs are not homogeneous protein, but they are probably complexes of various proteins and that some components of MBs are present in normal hepatocytes.


Pancreatic carcinoma in infancy. An electron microscopic study. A case of a malignant epithelial tumor of tail of the pancreas in a 3-year-old Japanese girl is presented. This is the fourth case reported with ultrastructural study. This type of pancreatic carcinoma of the infant has no endocrine granules or endocrine function. The ultrastructural study suggests that the tumor is derived from a primitive epithelial cell with differentiation toward acinar cell.


Methyldopa binding to cells in culture.

Methyldopa binding to cells in culture. Cells from a rat hepatoma grown in culture were found to activate methyldopa to intermediates which are bound irreversibly to cellular proteins. The binding reaction was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or allopurinol, but was strongly inhibited by ascorbic acid and glutathione. Methyldopa, paracetamol and furosemide were not mutagenic in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test.


Hydrosmotic effect of angiotensin II in the toad skin: role of cyclic AMP. The mechanism of action of the hydrosmotic response of the isolated skin of the toad Bufo arenarum Hensel to angiotensin II was studied by means of an indirect pharmacological approach. Angiotensin II (2.10(-10) M), vasopressin (2.10(-13) M) and theophylline (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) in subliminal doses produced a significant increase on water permeability when added in different paired combinations. Angiotensin II (2.10(-7) M) and vasopressin (2.10(-8) M) in doses producing significant effects on water permeability increased the response to submaximal doses of epinephrine (10(-6) M) but not to higher doses (10(-5) M). Acid pH (6.4) and prostaglandin E1 (2.10(-7) M) reduced significantly the hydrosmotic response to angiotensin II, but in contrast with the toad bladder, the effect was not completely abolished. Present results support the view that the hydrosmotic effect of angiotensin II in toad skin is mediated by the adenylate cyclase - cyclic AMP system.


Comparative biosynthesis of polyethylenic fatty acids in Acanthamoeba castellanii and Ochromonas danica. Acanthamoeba castellanii were incubated in vivo with 1(-14)C linoleic and 1(-14)C-alpha-linolenic acids. The incorporation of the acids into lipid fractions was studied. Labeling was found mainly in triglycerides and phospholipids. Homogenized cells and subcellular fractions separated by centrifugation were incubated with 1-14C-linoleic. 1-14C -alpha-linoleic and 1-14C eicosa-8,11-dienoic acids in the presence of NADH, ATP, and CoA. Different metabolic routes were demonstrated. omega3 and omega6 desaturases of the vegetal type, as well as a delta6 desaturation of alpha-linolenic acid of the animal type were present. The supernatant of 100000 x g contained both types of desaturating enzymes, whereas the corresponding particulated fraction was inactive. The ultrastructure of Acanthamoeba showed the endoplasmic reticulum with a poorly developed membrane component. The metabolic pathways found with Acanthamoeba were compared to Ochromonas danica incubated with linoleic acid in the light and in darkness. Desaturases typical of "vegetal" and "animal" pathways were found in both organisms. In both of them, alpha-linolenic and arachidonic acids could be synthetized. However, alpha-linolenic acid, typical of vegetal synthesis, was only stored in Ochromonas due to the presence of a photosynthetic machinery.


On the mechanism of the depressor reaction upon afferent vagal stimulation in cats. II. Role of the beta-adrenergic structures for the development of the depressor reaction. Electrical stimulation of the central section of the cervical vagus in cats with bilateral vagotomy results in lowering of the arterial blood pressure. A study is made of the effect of some beta-adrenotropic drugs on the depressor reaction. Propranolol (3 mg/kg i.v.) causes considerable blocking of the depressor reaction in all experiments. On the other hand, Isoprenaline ( a. 10 mug/kh/min) results in a considerable increase of this reaction. The administration of Propranolol (3 mg/kg) and Phentolamine (2 mg/kg) causes almost complete blocking of the reaction. A conclusion is made on the basis of these data that both alpha- and beta-adrenergic structures take part in the realization and development of the depressor reaction upon afferent vagal stimulation.


Structural model of vestibular effects on the blood pressure. The model described in the present work is a structural presentation of certain aspcets of the vesibular effects on the blood pressure. The model comprises the joint action of the otolith system and the semicircular canals, gangl. Scarpe, the vestibular nuclei, the vasomotor centre and the nuclei of n. vagus. The direct transfer of information both from gangl. Scarpe to the vasoregulating centre and from nucl. Schwalbe to the vagal nuclei, as well as its polysynaptic transmission, are considered. The model examines a case when only two factors, namely decrease in the heart rate controlled by n. vagus and decrease in the heart tone controlled by the vasoregulating centre, determine the effect of blood pressure drop after vestibular stimulation. The structure of the model is flexible and permits its elaboration by including additional factors for the blood pressure drop.


EEG-studies on the phases of sleep and wakefulness after bilateral labyrinth destruction. The dynamics of the state of wakefulness, slow and paradoxical sleep after labyrinth destruction was studied in chronic cats. The states were assessed according to the behaviour, EEG, myogram and eye movements. The labyrinth destruction was combined (chemical and mechanical). Bilateral labyrinth deafferentation results in a decrease in the duration of wakefulness from 30 to 17 per cent, p less than 0.001. At the same time paradoxical sleep increased from 4 to 8 per cent, p less than 0.001. This increase is due to both the greater average number of paradoxical sleep episodes and a higher average duration of the individual episode. The latency of the first appearance of a paradoxical sleep episode is considerably shortened after labyrinth destruction.


On certain relationships between gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and adrenergic mechanisms in convulsive-seizure reaction. In experiments on male albino mice it has been established that upon intracerebroventricular administration in doses of 50, 100 and 300 mug per mouse GABA markedly inhibits the convulsive-seizure reactions in pentylenetetrazol and electroconvulsions and has no substantial effect on strychnine convulsions (the dose of 300 mug is toxic). Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in a dose of 400 mg/kg, introduced i.p. 3 hours in advance, increases the convulsive reactivity in pentylenetetrazol and electroconvulsions. On the background of DDC the inhibitory effect of GABA is expressed only in antagonizing of the DDC effect increasing the convulsive reactivity. Alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (a-MT) in a dose of 250 mg/kg, introduced i.p. 4 hours in advance, has no substantial effect on the convulsive reactivity. On the background of alpha-MT the inhibitory effect of GABA in electroconvulsions does not change essentially, however, in pentylenetetrazol convulsions the GABA effect is practically not manifested. The results obtained show that the changes in the correlations between the catecholamines and GABA in the central nervous system result in substantial changes in the convulsive-seizure reactivity. The lower catecholamines level does not permit the marked manifestation of the GABA inhibitory effect. However, GABA counteracts to a certain extent the rise in the convulsive reactivity as a result of the drop in the brain level of the catecholamines.


Treatment of malignant metastatic pancreatic insulinoma with streptozotocin. Review of 21 cases described in detail in the literature and report of complete remission of a new case. The possibilities of treating different types of pancreatic islet cell cancer with the active drug streptozotocin have been studied in reports of 21 patients published during the last 8 years. The unusual features of the symptomatology, dosage and injection methods, side-effects after different infusion schedules and complications of streptozotocin therapy, are compared. A new case with pancreatic carcinoma and liver metastases was treated with a total dose of 14 g streptozotocin, divided into 7 injections with an increasing interval between them. This patient underwent a marked amelioration of the disease, without serious side-effects of the streptozotocin treatment. She has been apparently well for the 22 months which have now elapsed since the beginning of treatment. This seems to be one of the longest remission periods yet published in the insulinoma literature.


Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in chronic uremia. The concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol have been determined in total serum and in the three major serum lipoprotein classes--very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins-after an overnight fast in 39 patients with chronic uremia of more than 2 years' duration and with serum creatinine above 350 mumol/l. The values were compared with data from healthy male and female controls. The findings were similar for male and female uremics. Hypertriglyceridemia was common while serum cholesterol tended to be normal or subnormal. With the conventional typing system for hyperlipidemia, types II A, III and IV were present in 6,9 and 30%,respectively. The tryglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in VLDL were increased, while their normal relation for this lipoprotein class was maintained. In LDL the concentration of tryglycerides was increased, while that of cholesterol was low. The LDL composition, therefore, was changed to be more triglyceride-rich than normal. The changes in concentration and composition of LDL indicated that the levels of LDL 1 were raised and of LDL 2 decreased in chronic uremia. Increased levels of LDL tryglycerides occurred more frequently (40%) than increased levels of VLDL triglycerides (33%). The most striking and consistent lipoprotein abnormality was a low HDL cholesterol, which was not related to high VLDL levels. The HDL tryglycerides, on the other hand, tended to be somewhat high. The importance of the raised levels of the triglyceride-rich VLDL and LDL 1 and the decreased levels of HLD cholesterol for the rapid development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases which occur in chronic uremia is discussed. It is of interest in this context that both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were low. The possible mechanisms underlying the lipoprotein abnormalities in chronic uremia are discussed and it is suggested that they are complex.


Aldosterone response to ACTH stimulation in anephric and non-nephrectomized patients on regular hemodialysis. The effect of ACTH on plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) has been investigated in 5 anephric and 6 non-nephrectomized patients on regular homodialysis. Basal PAC was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the anephric (mean 37.6 pg/ml) than in the nonnephrectomized group (mean 117.5 pg/ml), whereas basal PCC (18.6 and 16.5 mug/100 ml, respectively) did not differ significantly (p less than 0.05). Following administration of synthetic beta1-24 ACTH, the maximal percentage increase in PAC was significantly lower ( less than 0.001) in the anephric (105%) than in the nonnephrectomized group (286%). The rise in PCC, 118%, in both groups showed no significant difference (p less than 0.05). The higher basal level of PAC and the more pronounced response to ACTH in nonnephrectomized patients correlated with higher basal levels of plasma renin activity compared with the anephric group. An influence of the remaining renin-angiotensin system on the ability to react to an ACTH stimulation is therefore suggested.


Simultaneous occurrence of right supratentorial meningioma and glioblastoma multiforme. Case report. We report the case of a 63 years old male with two intracranial tumours, a meningioma and a glioblastoma multiforme. We have reviewed the relevant literature, and have speculated on the causes of this phenomenon.


Electrochemical neuron model.

Electrochemical neuron model. 1) A mathematical model for the behavior of passive iron in nitric acid, based on the electrochemical mechanisms, has been proposed. The model is capable of explaining several phenomena including threshold for activation, monostable property, periodic activation, propagation of activation, and threshold for propagation. Furthermore, the mathematical model predicts that the electrochemical active line has a specific propagated waveform and velocity of propagation. 2) By using iron-silver junctions in nitric acid, we could form a McCulloch-Pitts type neuron model. Also we could show the occurrence of reverberation on a net of iron wires in nitric acid.


Prolactin influences upon androgen action in male accessory sex organs. The hormones of the pituitary gland are capable of directly influencing the function of male accessory sex organs. Among these hormones, prolactin in particular has been observed to enhance consistently the effects of androgens in the prostate gland and/or the seminal vesicles of rats, mice, and guinea pigs as well as in the accessory sex organs of other species. Prolactin-mediated augmentation of testosterone's effects upon these tissues is related primarily to the growth-promoting influences of this steroid. However, under certain experimental conditions, the androgen-dependent production of secretions by these organs has also been enhanced by prolactin treatment. Studies in the mouse have indicated that prolactin primarily enhances the proliferative phase of androgen action in male accessory sex tissues. Testosterone stimulation of RNA synthesis was unaffected by simultaneous administration of prolactin. The mechanism by which prolactin causes enhanced androgen responses in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles is not well understood. It would appear, however, that prolactin neither stimulates increased accumulation of androgen into the accessory sex organs, nor does it enhance the conversion of testosterone to the more "active" androgen, dihydrotestosterone. The effects of prolactin on these tissues are, however, dependent upon the presence of dihydrotestosterone. Uncertain, at present, are the possible effects of prolactin on the binding or retention of androgens (dihydrotestosterone?) in the prostate gland or in the seminal vesicles. There is evidence that hypophysectomy reduces the nuclear binding of dihydrotestosterone in the cells of the prostate gland. Perhaps prolactin is a pituitary factor(s) which is important in regulating nuclear binding of dihydrotestosterone in male accessory sex organs. The direct influences of prolactin upon androgen action in the cells of the accessory sex organs may involve several sites of action (Figure 2). For example, it is currently understood that when testosterone enters the cell cytoplasm it is subsequently converted to the more "active" androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), by reduction at the 5alpha position. Dihydrotestosterone is then either bound to a cytoplasmic "receptor" protein (Rc) or is further metabolized to either 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol or 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (DIOL). The binding of DHT to its cytoplasmic receptor protein results in translocation of the steroid-receptor complex into the nucleus where presumably the complex dissociates and DHT exerts its androgenic effects. The transport of DHT to the nucleus can also result from the conversion of testosterone to DHT by nuclear membrane-bound 5alpha-reductase. Prolactin augmentation of DHT effects is envisioned as resulting from interaction of prolactin with its receptor, which due to the large size of the prolactin molecule is probably located in or on the plasma membrane...


Neonatal hypoglycemia resulting from islet cell adenomatosis. Successful treatment with total pancreatectomy. A female infant developed apneic spells due to hypoglycemia at 73 hours of life. It was impossible to maintain the blood glucose level despite continuous intravenously given dextrose, cortisone, diazoxide, and a low-leucine diet. A subtotal pancreatectomy was performed but there was no evidence of islet cell adenoma. On second laparotomy, the head of the pancreas was removed, and on microscopic examination, islet cell adenomatosis was found. A good clinical recovery followed. Follow-up at age 3 years and 4 months shows apparently normal mental and physical development.


Histamine, cyclic AMP, and gastric secretion in the dog. Canine gastric mucosal cyclic AMP content was determined at 1, 5, 30, 60, and 120 min after commencing a 2-hr continuous intravenous infusion of histamine of sufficient dose to elicit a brisk acid secretory response from the dog stomach. The increase in acid output was significant at 30 min and stabilized at the stimulated level for the duration of histamine infusion. By contrast, there was no significant increase in mucosal cyclic AMP content at any time of measurement. Our findings indicate that the acid secretory response of the canine stomach to histamine does not require prior accumulation of cyclic AMP in the mucosal tissue.


Simultaneous infection with type A and B hepatitis viruses. The occurrence of a common source hepatitis A epidemic among the residents of a New England state mental institution where hepatitis B is hyperendemic provided an opportunity to observe concurrent infections with both agents. Nine HBsAg-positive individuals developed hepatitis A infections documented by hepatitis A antibody seroconversion in eight. The incidence of hepatitis A infections in susceptible HBsAg-positive persons (67%) did not differ from that in HBsAg-negative individuals (63%). The icteric to anicteric infection ratio in the HBsAG-positives (1:1.7) was similar to that in the negatives (1:2.1), and the clinical course in the antigen positives did not differ significantly from that of the antigen negatives. In addition to confirming previous reports that the viruses of hepatitis A and B are immunologically distinct, these results document that infection with either is independent of the other, and that the morbidity from simultaneous infection is no greater than that caused by either alone.


Hepatitis Ain Greenland: importance of specific antibody testing in epidemiologic surveillance. An epidemic of viral hepatitis type A in an arctic area is described. From 1970-1974, 4961 clinical cases of hepatitis were reported in Greenland, corresponding to 11 per cent of the total population. Epidemiologic surveillance indicated person-to-person transmission of the disease, apparently by the oralfecal route. The course of the disease was mild, and complications were rare with a case fatality rate of 0.3%. Ninety-three per cent of the cases occurred in individuals 1-25 years of age, suggesting widespread immunity in the adult population presumably due to infection with hepatitis A during a similar epidemic in 1947-1948. The occurrence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA) in healthy Greenlanders, as detected by radioimmunoassay, closely paralleled this observation. Anti-HA was present in 38 (93%) of 41 individuals born before 1948 and in one (3%) of 29 younger persons. Anti-HA also was detected during the epidemic in the sera of 25 randomly selected hepatitis cases. Immunoglobin analysis in three acute-phase sera showed anti-HA reactivity predominantly in the IgM fraction. The epidemic showed no relation to the hepatitis episodes occurring annually in the area, and seroepidemiologic data indicated that the endemic hepatitis may be caused by hepatitis B virus only.


An outbreak of type A viral hepatitis at the Naval Training Center, San Diego: epidemiologic evaluation. In October 1974, a large foodborne outbreak of hepatitis occurred among naval personnel undergoing basic training at the Naval Training Center, San Diego, California. Of the 2781 recruits eating at the implicated dining hall on the day disease transmission occurred, 133 developed clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatitis for an attack rate of 47.8/1000. The epidemiologic investigation suggested that hepatitis A virus was the etiologic agent, and this was subsequently confirmed by laboratory examination. The index and source case was a recuit food-handler who experienced prodromal symptoms of hepatitis while preparing salads and fresh fruit 32 days prior to the outbreak. A food preference questionnaire implicated tossed salad and fresh grapefruit as the specific vehicles of transmission.


Herpes zoster and impaired cell-associated immunity to the varicella-zoster virus in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Thirty-two patients with Hodgkin's disease and 12 normal donors were studied for their in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to a membrane-associated varicella-zoster (VZ) antigen. When compared to the normal donors, patients with Hodgkin's disease in whom radiotherapy was recently completed and those with active, recurrent disease had markedly impaired cell-associated immunity to VZ antigen. In addition, there was a suggestion that patients in long-term remission who had received primary combined modality therapy (radiotherapy plus chemotherapy) had an impaired response when compared to normal persons or to patients who had received single modality therapy. Newly diagnosed, untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease did not differ significantly from normal persons as a group but two of six were unresponsive to the VZ antigen whereas all normal subjects were responsive. Most patients in remission for at least one year following therapy had normal in vitro responsiveness. In two patients herpes zoster developed after the demonstration of absent in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to the VZ antigen.


Ectopic production of antidiuretic hormone (adh), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) by an oat cell carcinoma of the lung. A 61 year old woman presented with profound hyponatremia and markedly low serum osmolality. Urine osmolality was greater than the serum osmolality, an abnormality that was corrected by water restriction, suggesting inappropriate ADH secretion. Although there were no physical signs of Cushing's syndrome, her serum potassium level was low and markedly elevated levels of plasma and urine corticosteroids were not altered by the administration of large amounts of dexamethasone, suggesting the ectopic ACTH-MSH syndrome. Plasma levels of immunoreactive ACTH and beta-MSH were elevated. At autopsy, a metastastic oat cell carcinoma of the lung, not detected antemortem by chest roentgenograms and bronchoscopy, was found. Immunoreactive ADH, ACTH and beta-MSH were detected in the primary tumor and in metastases to the liver. beta-MSH was also detected in the spleen, in which metastases were observed. This is the first documented case of the simultaneous production of ADH, ACTH and beta-MSH by neoplastic tissue associated with clinical manifestations of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion and the ectopic ACTH-MSH syndrome.


Ovarian extraembryonal teratoma. II. Endodermal sinus tumor mixed with other germ cell tumors. From the files of the Emil Novak Ovarian Tumor Registry, 18 cases of mixed ovarian germ-cell neoplasms containing endodermal sinus tumor as one element have been reviewed. The data regarding the patient age, presenting symptoms, gross appearance of the tumors, and response to therapy are similar to those reported in a previous series of pure endodermal sinus tumors. Response to all modes of therapy is disappointing but there is growing evidence that combination chemotherapy should be added to surgical excision as a routine part of therapy in such patients. The rarity of this lesion is such that meaningful data are likely to be available only if individual and institutional experiences are combined in central tumor registries.


Peripheral neuropathy caused by methaqualone. Three patients are described who each received methaqualone and developed signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. The subsequent improvement after cessation of methaqualone was highly suggestive or a direct toxic action of the drug or one of its metabolites. In one patient methaqualone was recommended with reappearance of signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Again cessation of the drug caused disappearance of these signs. There was no evidence whatsoever of any electrolyte or metabolic disturbance or any other pathology which might have given rise to this symptom complex. In addition, no other drugs were prescribed besides methaqualone.


Circulatory response to systemic infusion of norepinephrine in the pregnant ewe. Seven pregnant ewes from 100 to 137 days of gestation were infused with systemic doses of norepinephrine and uterine arterial flow dose-response curves were determined. A constant infusion of norepinephrine at a mean rate of 0.24 mug per minute per kilogram led to a 39.3 per cent decrease in total uterine arterial blood flow as measured with isotope-labeled microspheres while systemic pressure was unaltered. At this dose the reduction in endometrial blood flow (--64 per cent) was significantly greater than that in either the myometrium (--45 per cent) or placental cotyledons (--31 per cent) (p less than 0.005). Significant decreases in blood flow to small bowel, skeletal muscle, vagina, cervix. Fallopian tubes, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and mammary gland were documented. There were no significant increases in blood flow. This study demonstrates that during the period or pregnancy studied, the overwhelming response to norepinephrine is vasoconstriction and that the vascular beds of all the tissues of pregnant uterus are sensitive to the alpha-adrenergic effects of norepinephrine.


Role of endogenous prostaglandins in regulation of uterine blood flow and adrenergic neurotransmission. Earlier studies from these laboratories have demonstrated that prostaglandins (PG's) of the A and E series are potent uterine vasodilators whereas PGF's do not significantly alter uterine vascular resistance. In addition, PGE's and PGF's are also able to modify adrenergic vasoconstrictor responses in the canine uterus. In the present study the role of endogenous prostaglandins in regulating uterine vascular resistance and adrenergic neurotransmission was evaluated. Intra-arterial infusion of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor meclofenamate resulted in a significant reduction in PGE levels in uterine venous plasma and increased vascular resistance. Uterine vasoconstrictor responses produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation and norepinephrine were enhanced when endogenous PG synthesis was inhibited. During sympathetic nerve stimulation, uterine venous plasma levels of radioimmunoassayable prostaglandins of the E of F series did not change, suggesting that the adrenergic activation of PG synthesis is not detectable in uterine venous efferent. These data suggest that endogenous prostaglandins of the E series appear to play an important role in regulating uterine blood flow (I) by relaxing uterine vascular smooth muscle and (2) by depressing adrenergic vasoconstrictor responses.


An evaluation of silicophosphate as an orthodontic cement. In a laboratory and clinical evluation, when used for the cementation of orthodontic bands, a zinc silicophosphate cement has proved to be comparable to zinc phosphate cement in its bond strength to enamel. This was demonstrated in laboratory tests by higher values being required to break the mechanical bond and in the clinical study by the slightly smaller percentage of bands which became loose during orthodontic treatment. In both the laboratory and clinical studies it was found that silicophosphate remained attached to the enamel in higher percentages after a band had become loose. It also was found that the remaining cement was often quite difficult to remove from the enamel. Probably the greatest advantage of using silicophosphate is that no decalcification of enamel was found under bands which had become loose during orthodontic treatment. This may be attributable to the higher bond strength and/or the presence of fluoride in the cement. Further clinical studies of this nature appear warranted.