### Instruction:

Extract the cause and effect entities from the following sentence:
Prior to the start of production welding, each welder and welding operator shall be qualified

### Assistant:

NEGATION: Prior to
CAUSE_1: the start of production welding
VARIABLE: welding operator
CONDITION: shall be qualified
AND: and
EFFECT_1: each welder
EFFECT_2: welding operator shall be qualified

