### Instruction:

Extract the cause and effect entities from the following sentence:
Prior to the start of any production welding, all WPSs and procedure qualification records (PQRs) shall be approved by an M&P engineer authorized by NASA

### Assistant:

NEGATION: Prior to
CAUSE_1: the start of any production welding
VARIABLE: procedure qualification records (PQRs)
CONDITION: shall be approved by an M&P engineer authorized by NASA
AND: and
EFFECT_1: all WPSs
EFFECT_2: procedure qualification records (PQRs) shall be approved by an M&P engineer authorized by NASA

