Parents' perception of allergic or food-intolerant children in relation to disease
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Introduction: Cow' milk protein allergy (CMPA) and lactose intolerance (LI) negatively affect the quality of life of patients and their families. Objective: To analyse the perception parents of children with CMPA or LI regarding aspects of health, emphasizing their oral health and the factors involved in the treatment of allergy/food intolerance. Methods: Qualitative research employing focus groups, with a sample of 12 parents of children with CMPA or LI (two groups), including the participation of a researcher/moderator, an observer, and six participants in each group and a plan with guiding questions. Discourses were recorded and transcribed, and textual contents were processed in software IRAMUTEQ and analysed by the descendant hierarchical classification (DHC) technique, content analysis, and word cloud. Results: Six categories were derived from DHC-multivariate analysis: (1) children formula, (2) oral health, (3) nutritional aspects, (4) treatment, (5) disease' stigma, and (6) health services. The thematic axes were derived from nutritional, assistance, and care categories. Reports of different oral diseases were given by parents regarding food allergy or intolerance in their children, such as frequent caries, teeth spots, pain, and sensitive teeth. Conclusion: Parents' perception of CMPA/LI in their children is affected by nutritional factors and the stigma caused by the disease, with special reference to the importance given to children' oral health and reports about difficulties in the access to health services with multi-professional teams.


About the course
What is the distributive property of multiplication? How do you use the distributive property?
This course will start from the basics and show you the idea behind the distributive property. This course will also cover the distributive property formula. Through a simple example, you will fully understand why the distributive property works! We will also look at useful applications for using the distributive property in multiplication and in algebra.
Hello! My name is Yan Li and I am a teacher. I have taught as a student teacher in Boston for 4 years and I tutor in China over the summers. I am from Guangzhou, China and New York City. I am currently in my last year of studying elementary education at Boston College Lynch School of Education and Human Development. I am also enrolled in the Master's program for Curriculum and Instruction at Boston College, which I will complete in the upcoming year. My favorite part of teaching is getting to know students and creating course materials that engage students to make learning fun and accessible. I believe that each student is fully capable of understanding material. It just depends on how the material is presented to them. My goal is to meet each student where they are at and support them.
Great News! Yan wants to help you unlock your potential.
Virtual tutoring is available now within a few clicks.


Accessible Equipment in Miami-Dade County Parks
Eliminating barriers and promoting inclusion at Miami-Dade County Parks
By: Rachel Goldstein
As a fellow for the University of Miami Mailman Center for Child Development’s 2013-2014 Emerging Transformational Leadership Program (“ETLP”), I am working with other professionals in the Disability Rights Community to transform systems of care for individuals with disabilities. Our goal this year is to promote the integration and inclusion of persons with disabilities in Miami-Dade County parks by ensuring the parks, playgrounds, and recreational programs and services offered are accessible and inclusive.
Adults with disabilities often do not have access to health promotion services and physical fitness activities due to lack of access to fitness facilities, inaccessible exercise equipment, and lack of adapted sports programs. Furthermore, children with disabilities are often excluded from playing at playgrounds due to inaccessible paths and play equipment. While we already know that getting outdoors makes people healthier and happier, we want to ensure that individuals with disabilities have access to the same opportunities and are able to participate in leisure and recreational activities at Miami-Dade County Parks.
Many of the parks in Miami-Dade County do not have accessible pathways for individuals with mobility disabilities to travel through the parks. Furthermore, almost all of the parks do not have accessible physical fitness or playground equipment. Playgrounds that are accessible for children with and without disabilities should be implemented in our local parks. Also, accessible exercise equipment should be available at our parks, such as equipment that would allow wheelchair users to remain seated in during their workouts. By ensuring that there are accessible paths throughout our parks, accessible exercise equipment, accessible playgrounds, and inclusive programs and services, Miami-Dade County can promote the health, wellness, and integration of people with disabilities. I am eager to help develop and implement this project so that can be replicated in parks throughout South Florida.


12,000 Year Old Human Footprints Discovered in Utah Desert
In upcoming research, Cornell researcher Thomas Urban has found human footprints on the salt flats of the Air Force's Utah Testing and Training Range (UTTR) that are thought to have been there since the end of the last ice age.
While traveling to an ancient hearth site at UTTR with Daron Duke of the Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Urban noticed what looked to be "ghost tracks"—tracks that appear abruptly for a little period of time when moisture conditions are ideal, and then vanish once more.
Unshod human footprints, like those he had previously examined at White Sands National Park, including the earliest known human footprints in the Americas, were visible when Urban stopped to take a look. The following day, the team went back to the area to start recording the prints, and Urban used ground-penetrating radar to study one of the two clearly apparent trackways.
Urban was able to find the secret quickly because he had previously improved the use of geophysical techniques, such as radar, for imaging footprints at White Sands. Duke examined a portion of the prints, establishing both their barefoot status and the existence of undiscovered prints. A total of 88 footprints, including those of adults and children, were found, providing information about family life throughout the Pleistocene.
The footprints are most certainly older than 12,000 years, according to Duke, because there haven't been wetland conditions in this isolated region of the Great Salt Lake desert for at least 10,000 years that could have created such footprint tracks.


A vivid chapter in the saga of the California water wars, The River Stops Here documents state and federal plans to flood the largest, most fertile valley in Mendocino County to send water south to Los Angeles. The eventual success of Richard Wilson, a rancher in Round Valley, to stop the project is the heart of this compelling story.
The River Stops Here Saving Round Valley, A Pivotal Chapter in California’s Water Wars
About the Book
Table of Contents
Map: Corps of Engineers' Plan for Round Valley
Map: Water Systems in California
1. In the Wake of the Flood
2. "We Like to Leave a Clean Floor."
3. "Oh Shame, Shame! Where Is Thy Blush ... ?"
4. "As Far as I'm Concerned, They Can Have It."
5. "Go for the Best Deal You Can Get."
6. Timber, Gold, and the Railroad
7. "They Have Stolen the Unearned Increment."
8. Strange Fruit
9. Another Country
10. "Well, I'm Braggin' a Bit Here ... "
11. A Rancher in a Stained Hat
12. An Invitation to Battle
13. Curt Lights Up
14. How the Corps Lost Its Innocence
15. A Flood of Praise and Ridicule
16. Wish-wash at the Courthouse and Hogwash at the Fair
17. Dr. Brown Flies the Eel
18. What Is Wilderness Worth?
19. The Steelhead Jumps and Gardner Delivers
20. Leading Ike to the Water
21. Spring in Round Valley
22. Scuttling Belotti
23. The Brody Bunch
24. And the Maps Came Tumbling Down
25. "Let Me Tell You About Those Fish Guys."
26. Famous Amos and the Doody Report
27. Ike Hits the Roof
28. Ike and Gianelli Fight It Out
29. Reagan Decides ... or Does He?
30. The Aftermath
Does the Water Story Ever End? An Afterword


Origins • Traditions • Food • Decoration • 15+ Days
Eve | First Day | Second Day | Third Day | Fourth Day | Fifth Day | Sixth Day | Seventh Day | Eight Day | Ninth Day | Tenth Day | Eleventh Day | Twelfth Day | Thirteenth Day | Fourteenth Day | Fifteenth Day
Origins of Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year (CNY) or Spring Festival, 春節 chun jie, is a huge celebration, and one that is the most important of Chinese holidays, for more than a billion Chinese people around the world. The origin of this celebration is by itself centuries old and has gained significance through myths, superstitions and traditions.
My father once told us that CNY began with the fight of men against a beast. Every year, on the first day of New Year, a mythical beast called Nian 年 would attack livestock, crops, villagers and even children. To protect themselves, the villagers would offer food to placate the beast. After much trial and errors, it seemed that Nian was also afraid of the color red and loud, explosive noise from firecrackers. So from then on, overcoming Nian became 過年 Guo Nian and the tradition of preparing food, wearing red and playing with firecrackers carried on.


The first step is to understand the nature of addiction. Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder that affects the brain's reward system. It is characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. People with addiction often have difficulty controlling their drug use and may continue to use drugs even when it causes harm to themselves or others.
It is important to remember that addiction is a medical condition and not a moral failing. People with addiction need understanding and support, not judgment or criticism.
The next step is to talk to the person about their addiction. This can be difficult, but it is important to be honest and open about your concerns. Let them know that you are there for them and that you want to help them get better.
It is also important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of addiction. These can include changes in behavior, such as increased secrecy or lying; changes in mood, such as irritability or depression; changes in physical appearance, such as weight loss or poor hygiene; and changes in relationships, such as withdrawing from family and friends.
Once you have identified the signs and symptoms of addiction, it is important to seek professional help. Addiction treatment typically involves a combination of medication, counseling, and support groups. Treatment should be tailored to the individual's needs and should address any underlying mental health issues that may be contributing to the addiction.
In addition to professional treatment, there are other ways you can help someone with an addiction. You can provide emotional support by listening without judgment and offering encouragement. You can also provide practical support by helping them find resources such as treatment centers or support groups. Finally, you can help them stay on track by providing accountability and reminding them of their goals.
Helping someone with an addiction can be difficult, but it is possible. With understanding, patience, and support, you can help someone on their journey towards recovery.


The term “retouching” first became popular in the 1920s, when a number of photographers began using retouching techniques as a way to manipulate or enhance their photographs. Since then, the photo industry has changed dramatically, but the basic principles have remained intact. As Photoshop has become widely used by digital artists, retouching has been adopted by many new art forms and mediums, including painting, sculpture, animation, video, illustration, comics, typography, and web design.
Retouching photos for portraits
The retoucher is not responsible for repairing the damage caused by the photographer during photographing. It can also reduce the noise and apply some effects to the picture. It depends on the needs of the person who ordered the photo, whether it will be necessary to change his appearance, add accessories to it, etc. As a rule, the retoucher creates a new image from the old one. Each change is carefully calculated so that the result does not feel artificial. As a rule, the retoucher uses the following tools:
Corrections – reducing contrast, brightness, exposure, sharpness, removing red eyes, correcting camera system artifacts, blurring, adding vignettes, applying special effects, removing dust and dirt from the print.
Adjustments – saturation increase, tone curves, levels, white balance, curves, hue/saturation, lighting, shadows, sharp edges, background defocusing, black point correction, noise.
Effects – Using filters such as gradient maps, embossing, spot healing, Gaussian blur, soft focus, vignette.
Other tools are cropping, resizing, and leveling parts.
Professional retouching of images is our business.
Are you interested in our works? You can see more in the portfolio.
We are open and ready to cooperate.
If you have any questions, we will answer them.
Please leave your comment.
Have a good time!


A forester’s duty is to develop and maintain new forest areas. This includes even the most basic steps involved in foresting a new area, such as calculating the required space and marking it appropriately, as well as the actual planting of the new trees and charting the future paths and routes through the forest’s lands. Foresters may work for the government where they plant permanent forests, or for logging companies, which involves planting forests for the sole purpose of farming them for their wood.
Even though the job of a forester may sound simple and without any strict requirements, most companies actually require a Bachelor’s degree in forestry from candidates for the position. There are various skills and bits of information that are vital to the success of a forester, such as knowledge of how different types of trees interact with each other and the environment, how to create a suitable environment for the breeding of different types of animals, etc. Usually, foresters with long years of experience are highly valued and sought after.
Foresters tend to be paid rather highly with regards to their responsibilities and workload, and the job pays noticeably higher than that of a forest worker – the average annual salary is between $50,000 – $73,000, and most foresters report very high rates of job satisfaction, as well as good opportunities for advancing their careers and attaining even better pay rates. The job can be very flexible in most of its aspects, too, further making it an attractive choice.


Whether you have heard about Jordan’s Day or its ecclesiastical name Epiphan, it means one and the same day and holiday. There is evidence proving that the holiday was celebrated even as early as the 2nd century AD. Actually, until the 4th century AD Jordan’s Day coincided with Christmas so Epiphany appeared to be the collective name of the two feasts.
According to the Orthodox calendar, Jordan’s Day commemorates the baptism of Jesus Christ performed by St. John the Baptist. Later, the Church decided to separate the holidays and since then the 25th of December is known as Christmas and Epiphany is celebrated on the 6th of January.
In Bulgaria, there is a long-lived tradition related to the date of the 6th of January. Usually, on Jordan’s Day, a ceremonial throw of a cross from the local church takes place. The ritual is put into practice wherever a water basin is available.
Once the cross is thrown, men jump into the water and everyone tries to be the first to find it.
After the finding of the sacred object, a mass is served and everyone takes a quantity from the holy water in order to bring it back home as this water is believed to preserve people’s health.
Another memorable rite also takes place on the 6th of January in the water basin after the finding of the holy cross.
All men gather together and form a traditional Bulgarian horo. This custom dates back to old times when men used to build a dam and they were the only ones who took part in the festive horo. What is more, this dance is intended for health, the fertility of the land and good luck for the new year.
Kalofer is the Bulgarian city that is famous for the greatest performances of the ritual dance and therefore attracts hundreds of people from all around the country.
On Jordan’s Day, by tradition three loaves of bread are prepared. One of them is for the home, the second – for the guests, and the last is placed near the door of the house for the passers-by.


The official language of Nicaragua is Spanish; however, according to the Nicaraguan Population Census from 2007, Nicaraguans on the Caribbean coast speak both Indigenous languages and English. Some of the most common Indigenous languages include Miskito, Sumo, and Rama.
The Nicaraguan Census survey accounted for all people who spoke an Indigenous language, making no difference between first, second or third language speakers. The total number of speakers represented here does not account for the actual number of primary or exclusive speakers of Indigenous languages. The wording of questions asked in the census makes it impossible to verify whether any sections of the population are monolingual in languages other than Spanish.
Language data allows humanitarian organizations to better understand the languages people speak and understand, leading to better programming and accountability. These datasets and maps were primarily supported by the H2H Fund, a funding mechanism for H2H Network members. The fund is a rapid funding vehicle for network members responding to humanitarian crises.
Learn more about the project on our blog.
For more information, please contact [email protected]
Maps and resources:
Nicaragua Indigenous Languages Map: Static (EN)
Static map highlighting the most common indigenous languages spoken in Nicaragua. Data is from the 2007 census.
Indigenous Languages of Nicaragua: Interactive (EN)
Interactive map showing the number of speakers and geographic spread of different indigenous languages in Nicaragua. Data is from the 2007 census.


Best Practices for Teaching Writing
What Award-Winning Classroom Teachers Do
- Randi Stone - Educational Consultant, Keene, NH
Literacy, K-12 | Teaching Methods & Learning Styles
Add these innovative and proven strategies to your instructional toolbox!
Join Randi Stone as she visits the classrooms of award-winning teachers to observe their tried-and-tested best practices for teaching writing to diverse elementary, middle, and high school learners.
Linked to companion volumes for teaching mathematics and science, and presenting insightful methods for building student comprehension and confidence, this book:
- Models techniques for improving achievement in literacy, vocabulary, student writing, and language arts
- Demonstrates turning a classroom into a reading and writing oasis, teaching students to blend descriptive and narrative writing, and helping learners create persuasive cover letters
- Illustrates techniques that utilize annotated bibliographies, "Punny Valentines," "Five Circles/Five Paragraphs," and much more
Packed with creative ideas and lessons that produce results, this resource will be used again and again by new and veteran teachers to expand their instructional repertoires and enrich students' writing experiences.
"Ideas and lesson plans that produce clear results make for an excellent teachers' handbook and education library reference."
Accurate and research-based information on educational best practices. It provides real-life scenarios in which these practices must be implemented. Great resource!


Food for thought!
When it comes to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, one question that comes to mind is whether machines are going to replace humans. A common understanding is that when machine intelligence ends, human creativity begins. Usually, creativity is one of those places that people normally consider as the human territory. However, this assumption is hard to accept without a careful analysis of creativity, human way of creative work, brain processes, and even current machine capabilities.
We know that there are already machines which can compose poems. Similar capabilities would be found in other areas of creativity such as painting and so on. One main discussion in the world of AI about creativity comes from the concept of perception. Blaise Aguera, principal scientist at Google discusses that:
Perception is the process by which things out there in the world [like] sounds and images, can turn into concepts in the mind. The flip side of perception is creativity [which is] turning a concept into something out there into the world. We create by perceiving, and that perception itself is an act of imagination and is the stuff of creativity.”
However, there is an even more aspects for human creativity. One important aspect is consciousness. We explore the state-of-the-art works in the field of AI and creativity. We discuss about the current theories behind building the creative machines.
We ask: Are the current creative machines conscious of their creative work? Can a machine ever associate a meaning to an art-work? Is it possible to have creativity with merely perception? Is it possible ever to have conscious machines? etc.


WikiEd Resource Development/needs of the people who will learn
Gathering information about the people who will use resources and the context in which they will be used is seems so simple and logical. But, it is actually the part of design that is frequently neglected or entirely missed out. Without really finding out about learners, materials can be totally irrelevant or ineffective. There are many, factors to consider about learners and contexts. Ultimately you will have to decide how and what is going to be most relevant to your own design and how detailed you need to get.
You can collect information by:
- Talking to and observing people/learners
- Carrying out focus groups
- Reading relevant information
- Using questionnaires
- Conducting pre-design workshops
- Reviewing evaluations of similar materials
- Talking to other associated people who could have useful input
Information you might want to consider about the learners:
- Reasons for wanting to use the materials
- Support needs
- Level of prior education or knowledge in the area
- Learning styles
- Skill levels
- Computer literacy
- Cultural backgrounds - language, traditions, sensitivities
- Work histories
- Literacy and numeracy needs
Information you may need to know about the context in which they will learn:
- Where are the materials going to be used?
- How are learners going to get materials - eg do they need to be designed for print?
- What access to supporting resources will there be?
- What access to computers?
- What roles are learners going to take as they use the materials?
- What roles are teachers going to take?
- What barriers or constraints exist that might need to be overcome in order to use the materials?
- Do your intentions or goals need to change as a result of what you find out?
Finding out this sort of information does not have to done in a formal manner, nor does it need to take a long time. But it is required if you want to design and develop materials that are genuinely needed by learners, that suit them in terms of pace and voice, and that use enjoyable, effective teaching strategies.


Statistics in Psychology
A branch of mathematics devoted to the collection, compilation, display, and interpretation of numerical data.
Psychologists rely heavily on statistics to help assess the meaning of the measurements they make. Sometimes the measurements involve individuals who complete psychological tests; at other times, the measurements involve statistics that describe general properties of groups of people or animals.
In psychological testing, the psychologist may interpret test results in light of norms, or the typical results, provided from previous testing. In research, psychologists use two kinds of statistics, descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics simply give a general picture of the scores in a given group. They include the measures of central tendency and the measures of variability. Central tendency involves different kinds of averages: the mean, median, and mode. Variability involves the standard deviation, which indicates how far scores in a group are likely to be from the average.
Inferential statistics are used to help psychologists draw inferences, or conclusions, from the data obtained from their research. The most common statistical tests include the student's T-test and the Analysis of Variance (or F-test); these statistics help the psychologist assess whether the differences in averages across groups are due to the effects of an independent variable. Another widely used inferential statistic is the correlation coefficient, which describes the strength of the relationship between two variables. For example, there is a positive correlation between a student's score on the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and his/her grades in the first year of college. Correlations involve patterns that exist in groups; individuals within those groups may not perform in the manner the correlation predicts that they will, but if large numbers of students are tested, general trends may be detected.
Anderson, David Ray. Introduction to Statistics: Concepts and Applications. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Co., 1990.
Bluman, Allan G. Elementary Statistics: A Step-by-Step Approach. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1995.
Freund, John E. Statistics: A First Course. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995.


The Lunar New Year is the most important social and economic holiday for billions of people around the world.
The holiday is tied to lunar-solar Chinese calender and was orinally observed as a time to honor household and heavenly dieties and ancestors.
Today, Lunar New Year is a special time to bring firends and family together for feasting and festivities in China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Mongolia and other countries all over the world.
Lunar New Year is a celebration of the arrival of spring and the beginning of a new year on the lunisolar calendar. It is the most important holiday in China, and it is also widely celebrated in South Korea, Vietnam, and countries with a significant overseas Chinese population. While the official dates encompassing the holiday vary by culture, those celebrating consider it the time of the year to reunite with immediate and extended family.
Commonly known as the Spring Festival in China, Lunar New Year is a fifteen-day celebration marked by many traditions. At home, families decorate windows with red paper cuttings and adorn doors with couplets expressing auspicious wishes for the new year. Shopping for holiday sundries in open-air markets and cleaning the house are also beloved traditions. The Lunar New Year’s Eve reunion dinner is the highlight that kicks off the holiday, a feast with a spread of symbolic dishes, such as a whole fish representing abundance, that bring good luck and fortune. The fifteenth and final day of the holiday is the Lantern Festival, during which people have tangyuan, or sweet glutinous rice balls, and children carry lanterns around the neighborhood at night to mark the end of the celebration.
In the Chinese zodiac, 2023 is the year of the rabbit. In the Vietnamese and Gurung (Central Nepal) zodiac, the cat replaces the rabbit. In the Malay zodiac, the mousedeer replaces the rabbit. We also acknowledge that many Asian American and Pacific Islanders do not follow the Chinese/Lunar zodiac.
Sugary foods are especially important because they are believed to sweeten prospects for the coming year.
While the Lunar New Year is a time of traditions and beliefs, the most important aspect of celebrating the holiday is having a great time with friends and family!
Happy Lunar New Year everyone!!
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Copyright Law Day is an annual celebration observed on January 1st of every year. Copyright law is often taken for granted, and many people even pay no attention to it at all. Copyright Law Day is celebrated to encourage people to make their work copyrighted, legal, and licensed property.
Copyright is a form of protection grounded in the U.S. Constitution and granted by law for original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Copyright covers both published and unpublished works.
The origin, history, and the founder of the Copyright Law Day are anonymous. There is no mention of the founder of this Day. The first copyright law ever made was the British Statute of Anne 1710. The concept of copyright initially only applied to books. The law tries to encourage the authors and artists who create art and culture by rewarding a set of exclusive rights. With the rights, the authors have the right to create derivative works, the right to make and sell copies of their works, and the right to perform or display their works to the public. These rights are subject to a time limit and will expire 70 years after the death of the author. The copyright law protects the original works of authorship, fixed in a tangible medium like literary, dramatic,
Copyright, a form of intellectual property law, protects original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, such as poetry, novels, movies, songs, computer software, and architecture. Copyright does not protect facts, ideas, systems, or methods of operation, although it may protect the way these things are expressed.
Celebrating Copyright Law Day is quite simple. Make all your work copyrighted before making it available to the public. You can indulge yourself in buying only the copyrighted work and help the real authors. Do not opt for the pirated version including software, music, videos, CD, and anything and everything. Make your work licensed and copyrighted if you have not made it earlier.
Speaking of copyright, most people assume the “poor man’s copyright”, is a real thing. But turns out it’s only Hollywood fiction. The practice of sending a copy of your own work to yourself is sometimes called a “poor man’s copyright.” There is no provision in the copyright law regarding any such type of protection, and it is not a substitute for registration.


Um el Kanatir also known as Umm al-Qanāṭir, ام القناطر, אם הקשתות, ‘Mother of the Arches’ is an archaeological site on the slopes of Golan Heights dated to the 6th-8th centuries. The site is situated about two kilometers west of Kibbutz Natur. The excavations have revealed a Roman-Jewish city and synagogue. The name of the site comes its proximity to a natural spring 200m away that flows from the cliff into three basins that were once capped by monumental basalt arches only one can be seen today.
The site is thought to have been a Roman pagan town. Jews
began to settle in the area in 23 BCE. The first Jewish settlers of Umm el-Kanatir established a flax industry there, using the water for washing and whitening flax from which they wove fine cloth. The textiles were sold to wealthy residents in the nearby towns of Sussita and Beit Saida. There may have been mixed farming and olives groves but there is no evidence of terracing.
In the sixth century, the Jewish residents built a large synagogue, believed to be on the site of an older simpler synagogue. The dimensions of the synagogue have been calculated to be 18 meters long by 13 meters wide and 12 meters high. This would making it one of the largest of discovered in the region. It was destroyed in the Golan earthquake of 749.
The site was first documented in 1884, by Laurence Oliphant and Gottlieb Schumacher who noted the remains of the synagogue. He writes about the discovery of a stone carving of an eagle, a fragment of a cornice, a large triangular slab that he believed was placed on the lintel of the main entrance and fragments of Corinthian capitals. The eagle is used in ancient Jewish art and is visible on a double column and on the front gable of the synagogue. The synagogue is being reconstruction under the supervision by Yehoshua Dray and Haim Ben-David of Kinneret Academic College and Bar-Ilan University.


There are many confusing and painful divisions in our culture and it seems harder than ever to find ways to communicate across boundaries of race, class and other apparently uncrossable barriers.
Question Bridge is a concept I’ve developed that’s designed to see if there might be creative approaches to addressing these problems.
The idea is that if you feel safe enough to ask a deeply held question you are saying in effect “This is something I do not know about you, please help me understand”. If the question is meaningful you are much more likely to listen respectfully to a sincere attempt to answer. Questions and answers of this kind can become a bridge to transformative social reform.
Every Question Bridge begins with the creation of a “Zone of No Consequences” that makes it possible for those involved to ask difficult questions without fear of reprisal. The nature of each Zone depends on the participant’s concerns.
Below are links to two Question Bridges I set up that use the internet to allow for questions and answers between students from vastly different economic and social backgrounds. First click on the student’s introductions to see how they describe who they are to each other. Then click on the questions to read the strings of answers and responses.
Follow the discussions:
Question Bridge I, May 1997
Question Bridge II, November 1997


“Carbon sink” might sound like a trendy new bathroom or kitchen fixture, but in fact they’re not manmade and aren’t found in the home at all. They’re natural areas that have grown in importance the more we’ve learned about climate change. If you’re curious to know exactly what carbon sinks are, here’s the gist of it:
1. Carbon is all around us.
First, let’s talk about carbon itself. Carbon is a chemical element that you can find on the periodic table. It’s naturally occurring and plays an important role in a lot of Earth’s processes, most notably organic lifeforms. That’s right, when we say “carbon-based” when referencing living things, we’re talking about the element. Carbon has become a dirty word in the realm of climate change, but that’s because we’re putting way too much of it into the atmosphere, far more than is needed to keep us toasty warm and our atmosphere thick enough to protect us.
2. Carbon doesn’t remain in the atmosphere forever.
Carbon is being released into the atmosphere naturally all the time, but humans are also putting a lot up there through the use of fossil fuels. The good news is that carbon doesn’t stay in the atmosphere indefinitely. Earth has what’s known as a carbon cycle, and carbon sinks are an important part of it. Essentially, when carbon isn’t in the atmosphere, it’s stored in “reservoirs”. These reservoirs include plants, oceans, and the Earth’s crust (including surface layer soils). Each of these holds onto the carbon and uses it, then eventually releases it again.
3. Carbon sinks aren’t just naturally occurring.
Plants, oceans, and soils are all natural features that will grab up carbon without our interference, but if we want to tackle even more carbon and get our climate back under control, manmade carbon sinks just might be an important part of the solution. In addition to creating our own carbon sinks, it’s vital that we protect and enhance naturally occurring ones. Cleaning up the oceans, resorting forests, and protecting wetlands are all ways to keep those natural carbon reservoirs working and reduce stress on the planet.


Role of Database Administrator
Database Administration implemented by a person or group of persons under the supervision of a knowledgeable person called the Administrator. This person known as Database Administrator (DBA). Is responsible for supervising the creation, modification, and maintenance of the database. The DBA controls the database structure and sets up the definition for the physical as well as the logical implementation of the database.
Role of DBA:
(i) Schema Definition : The original database schema created by writing a set of definitions. It translated by the DDL compiler to a set of tables that permanently stored in the data dictionary.
(ii) Storage structure and access method definition: Appropriate storage structure and access methods created by writing a set of definitions that translated by the data storage and definition language compiler.
(iii) Schema and physical-organization modification: The DBA carry out changes to the schema and physical organization to reflect the changing needs of the organization. They altered the physical organization to improve performance.
(iv) Granting of authorization for data access: DBA also maintains that the database is not accessible to unauthorized users. The DBA responsible for granting permission to use the database. It also stores the profile of each user of a database. This profile describes the permissible activities of a user on that portion of the database which is authorized to him. The user profile can be used by the DBA to verify a particular user. That user only allowed to perform a given operation on the database within the limited time frame.
(v) Routine maintenance: The DBA responsible for defining procedures to recover data from failures due to human, natural or hardware malfunctioning with minimal loss. This recovery procedure would thus enable an organization to continue working with the available intact portion of the database.
(vi) Maintaining integrity: DBA ensures that appropriate measures taken to maintain the integrity of a database. Integrity constraints kept in a special system structure that consulted by the database manager whenever an update takes place in the system.


Base Bias Circuit With Collector and Emitter Feedback:
In this Base Bias Circuit With Collector and Emitter Feedback circuit, as obvious from its name, both collector and emitter feedbacks are used in an attempt to reduce circuit sensitivity to changes in β. Increase in β causes increase in emitter voltage but decreases collector voltage. As a result voltage across base resistor RB is reduced causing IB to fall thereby partially compensating the increase in β.
In this Base Bias Circuit With Collector and Emitter Feedback circuit a current flows in resistance RC from the supply VCC. At point A this current divides itself in two parts, one flowing in the collector of transistor, lC and the second part flows in the base resistor RB, IB. Thus current flowing in resistor RC will be equal to IB + IC.
No current flows to the output terminals since coupling capacitor CC offers infinite impedance to it (open circuit for dc).
Let the potential of point A be VC.
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law from point A to ground via RB, we have
Neglecting VBE in comparison to collector potential VC which is usually very small.
Now applying Kirchhoff’s second law for circuit starting from VCC through collector to emitter terminal, we have
neglecting IB being too small and IE being almost equal to lC.
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law to the circuit starting from collector point A to E via RB
Comparing Eqs. (12.39) and (12.40) we have
Neglecting VBE, being very small in comparison to supply voltage VCC,
The quiescent point, Q is thus established.
The circuit also stabilizes itself. Let the temperature of transistor junction rise when it is loaded. The increase in temperature causes increase in IC and β. When lC increases voltage drop in collector resistance RC i.e. lC RC increases and potential of collector drops. This causes reduction in value of base current IB which in turn reduces IC being equal to βIB.
Stability factor S:
Applying KVL to the input side, we have
Differentiating above equation w.r.t. lC we have
Substituting this value in general expression for S, we have


The effect of oral contraceptives on the skin is a complex issue that requires careful understanding and careful approach. When you start taking the pills, they suppress ovulation, as a result of which the production of sebum decreases and the condition of acne improves. However, when the pill is stopped, the ovaries begin to produce hormones again, increasing the number of androgen hormones and causing an overproduction of sebum. This can result in the appearance of acne, which is often even more unpleasant than before the use of oral contraceptives.
Although the use of oral contraceptives is associated with several benefits, it also has potential side effects, including the fact that it causes the body to become depleted of key nutrients such as folate, vitamins B12, B6, B2, C and E, as well as the minerals magnesium, selenium and zinc. In order to prevent such nutrient deficiencies in the body, it is important to provide sufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals to function normally.
Thus, the use of oral contraception has a reason other than improving the condition of the skin, and it must be used carefully, evaluating its effects on the body and understanding that it can affect not only the skin, but also general health.
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Latin America prides itself on being a peaceful region -- and with good reason. There has not been a military conflict between states for many years, and peace talks between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Colombian government may finally end the hemisphere’s only ongoing internal armed conflict. No other area of the developing world can boast such a record.
It is surprising, then, that border disputes continually bedevil the region. Many of these tensions remain unresolved, and when they surface, as in the example of the Nov. 19 ruling by the International Court of Justice on the case between Colombia and Nicaragua, there can be huge, often unexpected, ramifications. In this case, originally presented by Nicaragua in 2001, the court decided that the contested Caribbean islands making up the San Andrés archipelago belong to Colombia. But the court went on to greatly expand Nicaragua’s maritime rights around the islands.
The ruling was bemoaned in Bogota and celebrated in Managua. Having never before exercised control over the territory in question, the Nicaraguans had nothing to lose and rallied behind their usually divisive Sandinista president, Daniel Ortega, after the decision. Colombians also reacted strongly with accusations that The Hague’s judges were too political, while at the same time pointing fingers at Colombian politicians. The government’s perceived failure to prevent a humiliating blow to national pride has united Colombians of all stripes in collective disappointment and anger.


George Stephenson's Locomotive The Rocket: The Modern American Compound Locomotive
Two scenes depicted on tile. Bottom is a side view of a modern locomotive text describes the weight, feet in length and H.P. speed. At the top is George Stepehnson's "The Rocket" text describes weight, length, horse power and speed, built in 1829. Hole bored at top for handing on wall. Back printed calendar for 1905 listing months Jan. to Dec., days and dates of week. Merchant address given at bottom.
*Printed front top black ink: "GEORGE STEPHENSON'S LOCOMOTIVE THE ROCKET / 1829 ABOUT 8 TONS. ABOUT 18 FEET LONG / SIX HORSE POWER, SPEED 24 MILES.
*Printed front bottom black ink: "THE MODERN AMERICAN COMP9UND LOCOMOTIVE / 97 TONS 70 FEET LONG 1500 H.P.SPEED 70 MILES.
*Printed back top cursive, black ink: "Calendare"
*Printed back black ink: "1905 / days of week, months of year"
*Printed bottom cursive, black ink: "Jones, McDuffee & Stratton, Co. / Pottery Merchants, Boston, U.S.A"


The biotech industry is usually an innovative version for science-based businesses. It can benefit transform drug R&D and get over the most tough diseases whilst creating enormous economic wealth. But to certainly be a successful organization, it must serve both business and scientific discipline demands. This is certainly a challenge that may be best tackled https://biotechworldwide.net/generated-post-2 using a distinct body structure.
Biotech jobs require a strong knowledge of biology and the hottest advances in research. These careers likewise require a person to acquire relevant very soft skills to thrive inside the highly competitive professional world. A few biotechnology jobs require a Ph. D. or possibly a master’s level. Find a college or university with a biotech program in your area, or explore the offered courses upon ExploreBiotech.
In the early days, biotech companies concentrated on proteins found in the body. They were led by firms like Amgen, Biogen Idec, Cetus, Chiron, Genentech, and Genzyme. The business model dedicated to the concept that biotech items would have more affordable failure costs than normal chemical medicines. They argued that this could lead to smaller organization and technological risks for him or her. The success of these types of drugs in the beginning bolstered this view.
Biotech companies are also interested in advancing the human immune system, which is vital to prevent the spread of lethal diseases. A failure to cope with this issue can result in epidemics and devastating outcomes. An increasing number of analysts are looking at the function of immune skin cells, which can help decide which procedures will be successful against bacteria and viruses.


The fastest land mammal on earth, the cheetah is able to sprint at speeds of up to 120 kph (75 mph) over short distances when pursuing prey.ANIMAL FACTS
The cheetah has specialized muscles that provide amazing acceleration. It can go from a standing start to a speed of 64 kph (40 mph) in just three strides. Its respiratory rate increases from about 60 breaths per minute up to 150, and its large heart pumps the oxygenated blood around the body. But if it has not overtaken its quarry in just 550 m (600 yd), the cheetah will have to slow down again.VITAL STATISTICS
Distribution: Now mainly found in southern and eastern Africa, especially in Namibia, Botswana, Kenya and Tanzania. Rare in northern Africa. Survives in Asia, in northern Iran.
Weight: 40 – 65 kg (88 – 143 lb).
Length : 199 – 219 cm (78 – 86 in); about 90cm (35 in) tall.
Maturity: Females 1 – 2 years; males about 1 year.
Gestation Period: 90 – 98 days.
Breeding: Averages 3 – 5, but can be up to 9; weaning occurs at around 90 days.
Food: Carnivorous, often preying on gazelles; may take other herbivores occasionally.
Lifespan: 1 – 12 years in the wild; up to 20 in captivity.
The large eyes point forwards and determine the position of prey with great accuracy.
No two cheetahs have identical patterning. The spots can be up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter.
The spots on the tail are fused to create rings.
Colour can vary from tan to buff. The underside of the body is white.
The cheetah’s vertebral column is exceedingly flexible, giving these cats a stride length of 700 – 800 cm (20 – 25 ft).


A baby elephant spotted in the wild without a trunk
A baby elephant has been spotted wandering around the plains of South Africa with a missing trunk.
Fears for the calf’s safety have grown after footage showed the baby animal walking among a herd of elephants in Kruger National Park without its critical body part.
Safari workers said they didn’t know exactly how it had lost its iconic appendage, but a predator likely ripped it off.
They said several crocodile cases grabbed baby elephants by their trunks as they sipped water from lakes.
Lions are also known to cling to the trunk when they attack large animals.
Another explanation was that it could’ve been caught in a snare.
The body part is a fusion of an elephant’s upper lip and nose. Filled with more than 100,000 muscles, this enormous appendage is both powerful and nimble.
The animals use their trunks to pick plants and fruit from trees and eat grass from the ground.
They use the trunk to suck up as much as two gallons of water at a time for either drinking or cleaning itself.
Elephants also use their trunks to defend themselves against predators. Losing it is one of the most potentially life-threatening things that can happen to the animal.
The chances of an adult elephant surviving in the wild without its trunk are slim.
An adult needs to eat between 200-600 pounds of food a day and drink up to 50 gallons of water a day.
Without a trunk, it would be near-impossible for the animal to consume that much food or water.
The trunk is also essential for social interactions. Elephants use their trunks to hug, caress and comfort other elephants.
Without the tools to form bonds with fellow elephants, it may be ousted from its herd and vulnerable to predators.


[ des pleynz ]
/ dɛs ˈpleɪnz /
Save This Word!
a city in NE Illinois, near Chicago.
a river in SE Wisconsin and NE Illinois, flowing S to join the Kankakee River in forming the Illinois River; part of the Illinois Waterway. 110 miles (177 km) long.
CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES?
There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates?
Question 1 of 7
Which sentence is correct?
Words nearby Des Plaines
despicable, despise, despite, despiteful, despiteous, Des Plaines, despoil, despoliation, despond, despondency, despondent
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
How to use Des Plaines in a sentence
She disputed suggestions that Resendiz-Flores lived with the couple, insisting she lived at her family home in Des Plaines.Illinois Mom Accused of Shooting Dead Man Who Refused to Kiss Her|Kana Ruhalter|October 17, 2021|The Daily Beast
It is in a picturesque farming country, and there are good limestone quarries in the valley of the Des Plaines river.
At the point where the deep cut reaches the Des Plaines, it is ten feet lower than the bottom of the river.The Falls of Niagara and Other Famous Cataracts|George W. Holley
I searched for, and found, the fossil tree, reported to lie in the rocks in the bed of the river Des Plaines.


The chocolate we eat comes from the roasted seeds of the Cacao tree – Theobroma Cacao. The seeds contain theobromine and caffeine which belong to a group of drugs known as methylxanines.
Just as we humans do, dogs like sweets too. Although chocolate can be beneficial for us, it is toxic to dogs as well as cats and other animals. Cats however don’t have the taste for sweets that dogs do.
Theobromine is the culprit in chocolate along with smaller amounts of caffeine. Theobromine is not toxic to humans as we are able to break it down and excrete more easily than dogs. Unsweetened Baker’s chocolate is most toxic while white chocolate contains insignificant amounts of theobromine. But don’t feed your dog white chocolate as sugar is bad for your dog as well.
The Merck Veterinary lists the following approximate amounts of theobromine in some chocolates:
- Dry Cocoa Powder – 800 mg. per oz.
- Unsweetened Baker’s chocolate – 450 mg. per oz.
- Cocoa Bean mulch – 255 mg. per oz.
- Semisweet chocolate and sweet dark chocolate – 150-160 mg. per oz.
- Milk chocolate – 44-64 mg. per oz.
- And additionally, Semisweet chocolate chips – 30 chips-250 mg. and Instant cocoa powder – 150 mg. per oz.
According to Dr. Andrew Jones, online veterinarian, a fatal dose of chocolate for a 10 lb. dog is 300 mg. Consuming 100 mg. of chocolate can cause problems. Consuming 200 mg. and the symptoms are severe.
Symptoms of chocolate poisoning usually occurring 6-12 hours after ingestion can be restlessness, increased water consumption and urination, heart arrythmia (elevated heart rate), elevated blood pressure, seizures, muscle spasms, vomiting, diarrhea. It’s a good idea to keep 3% hydrogen peroxide and charcoal capsules in your pet’s first aid kit for these emergencies. Check with your vet for dosage. But it’s best to get your dog to the vet or emergency services quickly.


Case Problem 3 – Forecasting Food and Beverage Sales
The vintage restaurant, on Captiva Island near Fort Myers, Florida, is owned and
operated by Karen Payne. The restaurant just completed its third year of operation.
During that time, Karen sought to establish a reputation for the restaurant as a highquality dining establishment that specializes in fresh seafood. Through the efforts of
Karen and her staff, her restaurant has become one of the best and fastest-growing
restaurants on the island.
To better plan for future growth of the restaurant, Karen needs to develop a
system that will enable her to forecast food and beverage sales by month for up to one
year in advance. Table 6.17 shows the value of food and beverage sales ($1000s) for the
first three years of operation.
Perform an analysis of the sales data for the vintage restaurant. Prepare a report for
Karen that summarizes your findings, forecasts, and recommendations. Include the
• A time series plot. Comment on the underlying pattern in the time series.
• Using the dummy variable approach, forecast sales for January through December
of the fourth year.
Assume that January sales for the fourth year turn out to be $295,000. What was your
forecast error? If this error is large, Karen may be puzzled about the difference between
your forecast and the actual sales value. What can you do to resolve her uncertainty in the
Answer: Forecasting is important for a business as it help in analyzing the risks…….


Pakistan studies, is a subject of studying about Pakistan’s history, geography, demographics, politics and culture. Pak studies, is a main subject being taught in all Pakistani schools and colleges.
10th class, SSC part 2 Pakistan studies papers consists of 20% of objective and multiple choice questions. Students of 10th class can prepare their Pakistan studies subject on ilmkidunya. Ilmkidunya is giving a unique opportunity for the student of 10th class to practice their Pakistan studies paper online. On this MCQ online test page, 10th class students can evaluate their self for passing examination in excellent marks.
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Bionics – a word formed from biology and electronics – has become a quickly expanding research field, exploring ways and materials to bridge the interface between electronics and biology
Basically, there are three levels of biocommunications where electronics and biology could interface: molecular, cellular and skeletal. For any implanted bionic material it is the initial interactions at the biomolecular level that will determine longer term performance. While bionics is often associated with skeletal level enhancements, electronic communication with living cells is of interest with a view to improving the results of tissue engineering or the performance of implants such as bionic ears or eyes.
Researchers have been trying for more than 20 years to interface neurons and silicon devices. They are experimenting with individual neurons from different parts of the brain by cultivating them and trying to establish ex vivo neural networks. The goal is to stimulate neurons with electric signals and observe how the live network reacts and modifies itself. These studies could result in valuable findings that improve our understanding of how a neural network modifies its structure during the learning phase and the rules that govern the way synapses and neurites grow. Analysis of the electro-physiological activity of neurons could one day enable scientists to develop artificial prostheses for bypassing injured zones and restore brain functionality, or to realize neuro-diagnostic tools for monitoring the reaction of biological neurons to selected chemical species or newly developed drugs.


Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools. Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
There have been several discussions ongoing about educating boys and girls in a separate school, also known as a [email protected] school, while others believe that boys and girls benefit more when they attend the same school called mixed schools. This essay will examine valid arguments from both sides.
To begin, on the one hand, mixed school enhances the interpersonal relationship between both genders and this is simply running from having assemblies down to receiving lectures in the classrooms, they sit together, play together and learn together, this enhances a smooth relationship between both genders. For instance, in a home in Nigeria, the parents taught their girl kids that if they moved close or touched a boy, they would become pregnant. Still, in a situation whereby the children attend mixed schools, they will be enlightened and understand they won’t become pregnant by just sitting or touching boys, thereby eradicating false teachings.
However, on the other hand, there’s no gender discrimination in singles [email protected] schools, unlike mixed schools, all school work will be done by them. For instance, some works have been noted to be for some particular genders, such as sweeping for the female gender while cutting is for the male gender. This won’t be the case in a single [email protected] school because all work will be done by them irrespective of their gender. In addition, there would be freedom of teaching. For instance, teaching some particular topics, such as the reproductive system and puberty stage, will be taught freely without distractions or funny sneers from the other gender. Finally, the learning environment would have fewer distractions from the opposite [email protected]. For instance, teaching might be going on in class while two opposite gender might be passing love letters and signals around. Such would not be the case in a single school.
In conclusion, boys and girls benefit more from attending the same [email protected] school rather than being mixed up in a school.
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New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. This country is the most isolated country in the world in geographical terms. It consists of two large islands, North Island and South Island and around 600 smaller islands. The capital city of New Zealand is Wellington while the largest city is Auckland.
New Zealand’s official languages are English, Maori and New Zealand’s sign language.
Because of its isolation, New Zealand was one of the last territories where humans settled. It is assumed that the first settlers were Polynesians in 13th century and they developed their own culture known as Maori.
The first European who visited New Zealand was Dutchman Abel Tasman in 17th century, but because of its hostile indigenous people, after more than hundred years British explorer James Cook was the first to sail and map entire coast. In 1840, after so-called Musket Wars, British government declared sovereignty over New Zealand’s territory; finally they won their full independence in 1931. The independence of the country was officially accepted in 1947.
New Zealand has population of almost 5 millions. New Zealand is mostly urban country 73% of its population live in one out of 17 urban areas and 55% of population live in four largest cities – Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Hamilton. New Zealand’s cities are ranked highly for their quality of life. Auckland is the third city in the world in terms of the living standard.
New Zealand is one of the countries with a high percentage of immigration. The country receives close to 50,000 permanent residents per year.


1-2-3 Come Do Some Dental Hygiene Activities With Me
With so many things to celebrate in February, I save Dental Hygiene for the end of the month. Today I'm featuring 3 of my students' favorite tooth-themed activities, plus our featured FREEBIE of course.
First up is the cute, quick, easy & fun "Snip & Flip" writing prompt craft.
Students think of 6 ways that they take care of their teeth and write one on each of the "bristles".
The top portion flips up to reveal their answers underneath.
I've also included a traceable, completed "bristle box" for PK kiddos to trim and glue to their toothbrushes.
Besides being an interesting way for students to review their dental hygiene knowledge, this craftivity provides great, fine motor-cutting skill practice too.
Simply run the toothbrush "handle" portion off on a variety of colors. Children choose one, then write their name in the blank, complete their "bristle box" prompt and glue it to the end.
Completed projects make a sweet February bulletin board.
Next up, is a "Timothy Tooth" emergent reader and math center game, perfect for February's Dental Hygiene Month.
Students read, trace and write the numbers and number words, and then draw that many teeth inside Timothy's mouth.
There's a full page, as well as a smaller, two-on-a-page option for the booklets.
I've also included a math center activity where students practice addition and subtraction.
Younger kiddos can simply fill the mouth with "tooth tiles". There's a large and small version for these patterns as well.
The featured FREEBIE today also has to do with teeth.
It's a set of Dental Hygiene Alphabet Cards, and includes a 3-page tip list of things you can do with them, including the "Kaboom!" game.
Well that's it for today. I'm running out of days in February to get everything in that I want to!
However, the sun is shining, the snow has melted and it's time for a walk. Wishing you a stress-free afternoon.
"Life is short, so smile while you still have teeth!" -Unknown


Vibrations can be annoying for us human beings. Powerful vibrations can even be harmful for our health. They can also cause damage to buildings and installations and they can disturb sensitive equipment. Vibrations can be transmitted as sound through buildings and constructions and they can be unpleasantly audible at a considerable distance from the source.
Vibrations in the ground/soil, in buildings, ships, offshore installations, machines, in short anywhere, can be measured. Using measurements and dynamic models, we can assess problems and make forecasts for alternative situations.
Adequate vibration reducing measures and provisions can be used to prevent damage to buildings and machines.
Examples of these are improving the dynamic strength of constructions, adapting the foundations of the machines and using vibration dampers to render the machines vibrationless. Also, monitoring the vibrations of valuable machines and sensitive equipment (such as computers, fine-tuned scales, microscopes, laser equipment) can be extremely important.
The condition of some machines can be measured by their vibration emission. In those cases, the machines can be maintained by monitoring the vibration emission ("engine condition monitoring").
For all these facets, Peutz has specialists who have a thorough command of the field of vibration technology.
We can give an in-depth advice for all kinds of vibration problems, using measurements on a multitude of possible sources, with our expertise regarding transfer through architectural and mechanical constructions and through the soil (with variable properties and compounds).
Peutz uses state-of-the-art measuring and computational equipment, together with dynamic modelling with a finite element method.
The activities can vary from a simple calculation of and advice for a vibrationless setting of a compressor to complex calculations of and advice for the fundaments of big machines and from predicting the fatigue fracture in a bolt to predicting the damage of buildings.


Nukes and Climate Change
The nuclear power industry and its governmental allies are spending tens of millions of dollars annually to promote atomic power as an “emissions-free” energy source. Their goal is to encourage the construction of new nuclear reactors in the U.S. and worldwide and prevent the shutdown of dangerous old reactors that cannot compete economically with clean energy sources like wind and solar power..
Yet nuclear power is not only ineffective at addressing climate change, when the entire fuel chain is examined, nuclear power is a net producer of greenhouse gases. Adding enough nuclear power to make a meaningful reduction in greenhouse gas emissions would cost trillions of dollars, create tens of thousands of tons of lethal high-level radioactive waste, contribute to further proliferation of nuclear weapons materials, result in a Chernobyl or Fukushima-scale accident once every decade or so, and, perhaps most significantly, squander the resources necessary to implement meaningful climate change policies.
Here is where to go for up-to-date information on nuclear power and climate.
In November 2000 the world recognized nuclear power as a dirty, dangerous and unnecessary technology by refusing to give it greenhouse gas credits during the UN Climate Change talks in the Hague. The world dealt nuclear power a further blow when a UN Sustainable Development Conference refused to label nuclear a sustainable technology in April 2001.
This section includes documents from the COP 6 meeting of the Kyoto Protocol held in the Hague and other materials. This issue is a high priority for the international NIRS/WISE network.


The subject of teachers ' meetings is determined by the scheduled beginning of the school year schedule. Leads such meetings personally by the Director, organizes and prepares the Deputy Director for academic or methodical work. Before describing the process of pedagogical meeting, please fill out the "hat" of the Protocol. To do this, specify the following items: the serial number of the Protocol as "Protocol No. 1" on the center line; the number of present and absent members of the meeting, the reasons for absenteeism are not recorded). If the pedagogical Council met the unplanned, on a specific topic, specify the number of the Protocol, the subject of the meeting.
Then with a red line down the agenda, where the precise topics of all matters, arranging them in paragraphs. You can also write the names of the persons preparing the main report on the issues.
The next step is the main narrative - the largest by volume. It reflects the immediate content of the meeting, so briefly scan every performance (in chronological order according to the agenda, indicating the positions and names of speakers, as well as Express remarks and comments that reflect the essence of the question. Recording the main part of the Protocol, select only the most meaningful comments, not to stretch to infinity, the volume of the document.
The last stage of the complete signatures of the persons certifying the correctness of the Protocol of the pedagogical Council. Protocols signed by the Director, as he is the Chairman of the meeting (or his Deputy, in the absence of the first), and a Secretary selected at the beginning of the school year.
Minutes of teachers ' meetings are conducted carefully, without errors and corrections, in order. Journal of teachers ' meetings be kept 75 years, as it contains important historical archival information school.


Camp pockets are a type of pocket commonly found on outdoor clothing and gear. They are designed to be large and durable, with plenty of space for carrying essentials such as maps, compasses, and water bottles.
Camp pockets are typically made from a heavy-duty material such as canvas or nylon, which is resistant to tearing and abrasion. They are often lined with a water-resistant material such as vinyl or rubber to protect the contents from moisture and damage.
The shape of a camp pocket can vary, but they are typically designed to be rectangular or square, with a flap or zipper closure. Some camp pockets are designed to be detachable, so they can be easily removed and carried separately if needed.
Camp pockets are a common feature on outdoor clothing such as hiking pants and jackets, as well as on camping gear such as backpacks and tents. They are also commonly used on military uniforms and gear.
The large size of camp pockets makes them ideal for carrying bulky items such as maps and compasses. They are also useful for carrying water bottles, snacks, and other small essentials that are needed on long hikes or camping trips.
Camp pockets are designed to be rugged and durable, able to withstand the wear and tear of outdoor activities. They are often reinforced with double stitching or additional layers of fabric to increase their strength and durability.
While camp pockets are primarily used for outdoor activities, they can also be useful in other situations where a large, durable pocket is needed. For example, they can be used on work clothing for carrying tools and equipment, or on travel clothing for carrying travel documents and other essentials.
In conclusion, camp pockets are a type of pocket commonly found on outdoor clothing and gear. They are designed to be large and durable, with plenty of space for carrying essentials such as maps, compasses, and water bottles. Camp pockets are typically made from heavy-duty materials, and are often lined with water-resistant materials to protect their contents. They are a useful feature for anyone who enjoys outdoor activities, and can also be used in other situations where a large, durable pocket is needed.
Pockets that are sewn to the outside of the garment, usually squared off and characterized by seaming.


The NHBW literacy initiative is a grassroots movement established to help raise reading levels for students across the country. The goal is to attack the systemic reading epidemic. The plan is to not only be a resource for grade school students but for children in daycares/nursery schools as well.
Our mission is to provide the tools and resources to combat this epidemic at the ground level. WE plan to put a book in every home and support parents as the child’s first and most important teacher. We plan to increase literacy and promote a child’s successful transition into the educational school system through outreach and awareness to parents about the importance of reading readiness for children birth through 5 years of age.
The goal is to increase the percentage of students reading by the time they enter kindergarten and establish a literacy based resource center for both daycares/nurseries and grade schools. Educational support systems are the key to keeping children in school, in the work force, off welfare, and away from criminal activities. This goal will be reached by the following:
Creating partnerships with targeted daycare centers and targeted grade schools to bridge the education gap and help children reach their full potential
Providing workshops for program participants to pursue academic excellence.
Hosting workshops for parents and early childhood instructors to reinforce the importance of early (birth to 5) instruction in reading.
Distributing reading materials and resources for youth and parents.
Develop a support and resource system for use by parents, educators, and caregivers.


black-gum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Cornaceae, the dogwood family
How to recognize black-gum. The leaves are alternate in arrangement, simple in complexity, with entire margins. The shape is obovate (the ob part of the word references the wider portion being near the tip).
The leaves have a vaguely dogwood-like look, but they arrangement is alternate.
Bark. It’s deeply checkered, with an alligator pattern.
In the winter. Nyssa twigs have a true terminal bud. The leaf scars are roughly triangular, with 3 very prominent bundle scars.
A longitudinal section of the twigs show a striking feature: diaphragmed pith!
Where to find black-gum. E. Lucy Braun, in The Woody Plants of Ohio (1961, 1989; The Ohio State University Press) tells us that black-gum is a “Tree of various habitats, dry or moist, most frequent in non-calcareous soils.”
Scanned Image from an Old Book
(Flora of West Virginia, by P.D. Strausbaugh and Earl L. Core)
Ooh ooh, I have a question.
Can you translate and explain the scientific name please?
The genus name, Nyssa, refers to a Greek water nymph; the specific epithet sylvatica refers to its woodland habitat.


Influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on Bigeye and Yellowfin Tuna Longline Catch per Unit Effort in the Equatorial Pacific
In this study, we investigate the statistical relationships between past ENSO conditions and equatorial fisheries using the Multivariate ENSO Index, sea surface temperature (SST), and catch and effort records from the longline fisheries in the region.
Bigeye tuna (BET) and yellowfin tuna (YFT) are economically important target species of pelagic fisheries worldwide, especially for tropical Pacific nations whose economies and food sources are heavily affected by commercial and sustenance tuna fishing. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a strong effect on the oceanographic conditions in the Pacific, including BET and YFT habitat and fishing grounds around the equator.
For optimal fisheries management, the effects of environmental variability such as ENSO on the stocks and on the performance of fisheries must be known and predictable. However, besides some model predictions, the effects of ENSO on these two tuna species are not well understood. In this study, I investigate the statistical relationships between past ENSO conditions and equatorial fisheries using the Multivariate ENSO Index, sea surface temperature (SST), and catch and effort records from the longline fisheries in the region.
Results of this study indicate that El Niño events have both delayed and concurrent positive effects on BET and YFT catch per unit effort (CPUE). The delayed positive ENSO effect on CPUE is hypothesized to be the result of enhanced recruitment acting via different mechanisms in the west than in the east. The concurrent positive effects on CPUE could be due to catchability, abundance, and/or vertical distribution of BET and YFT relative to fishing gear and require further investigation. Further exploration of the mechanisms that may underlie the results presented here could lead to predictability of CPUE of these two tuna species.
Domokos. 2023. Influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation on bigeye and yellowfin tuna longline catch per unit effort in the equatorial Pacific. Fisheries Oceanography, 1?14. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.1264414DOMOKOS.


Stack of index cards, or small pieces of paper
Pen or pencil
This is a great twist on the games Telephone and Pictionary!
Start out with a group of five or more (the more, the merrier!), and give everyone a stack of index cards equaling the amount of people playing, as well as a pen or pencil. For example, in a group of five, each person would receive five index cards.
In the first round everyone should write a sentence on their top card. Try to make it something fun and descriptive. Everyone then passes their entire stack of index cards clockwise to the next person in the circle, keeping their sentence on top.
That person would now read the sentence you just gave them, put that card at the very bottom of the stack, and draw a picture depicting the sentence they just read on the top card.
Then everyone passes their entire stacks of cards again, keeping the picture on top. When people see the drawings, they would put that card at the bottom of the stack, and write a sentence describing what they see on the top card.
The pattern continues until you receive YOUR stack of cards that you started!
Once everyone receives their own stacks, you begin with your first sentence, and read and show it aloud like a picture story. The story usually becomes pretty convoluted, which makes for a hilarious time. This is a really fun game that will have everyone cracking up!


Increasing urbanization worldwide calls for more sustainable urban development. Simultaneously, the global biodiversity crisis accentuates the need of fostering biodiversity within cities. Policies supporting urban nature conservation need to understand people’s acceptance of biodiversity-friendly greenspace management. We surveyed more than 2,000 people in 19 European cities about their attitudes toward near-natural urban grassland management in public greenspaces, and related their responses to nine sociocultural parameters. Results reveal that people across Europe can support urban biodiversity, yet within the frames of a generally tidy appearance of public greenery. Younger people and those using greenspaces for a greater variety of activities were more likely to favor biodiversity-friendly greenspace management. Additionally, people who were aware of the meaning of biodiversity and those stating responsibility for biodiversity conservation particularly supported biodiversity-friendly greenspace management. Our results point at explicit measures like environmental education to increase public acceptance of policies that facilitate nature conservation within cities.
ETS Ingenierías Agrarias Universidad de Valladolid - Avd. Madrid s/n
34004 - PALENCIA - Localización
INIA-CIFOR - Ctra. A Coruña km 7,5
28040 - MADRID - Localización
Si deseas estar informado, apúntate a nuestro boletín electrónico.


During times of conflict, women are disproportionately affected, and often the victims of gender-based violence, lacking basic access to justice. Yet at the same time, women are often at the forefront of human rights movements, demanding change.
When women are given a voice and influence, all of society benefits—not just women. Women’s role in conflict resolution and peacebuilding during the transitional justice process is no exception.
When women are meaningfully included in the transitional justice process, evidence shows that the root causes of violence and discrimination and possible solutions, including broader social and economic rights, can be more comprehensively identified. The transitional responses to specific contexts will be more inclusive and more effective overall.
In Ethiopia, thanks to the work and support of USAID’s Feteh Activity, women at all levels of society are playing an increasingly important role in the peacebuilding process. Under Feteh’s grantee, the Ethiopian Mediation and Arbitration Center (EMAC), 112 female judges have received family mediation trainings. These trainings have equipped them with skills to approach female litigants, often victims of conflict-related abuse, in simpler and less stressful ways—enabling them to mediate smoothly and to ensure a fair outcome to disputes.
Women in the village of Awra Amba, near Bahir Dar, actively lead conflict resolution and peacebuilding. In this community, it is the women who help resolve family conflicts, upholding the rule of law and peace in their community.
These stories and others are presented in Feteh’s regular radio programs, produced with broadcaster Solomon Advert, and explore the powerful role that women can have in conflict resolution and peacebuilding and in the new work of transitional justice.
Empowering women to be the agents of change rather than its objects requires creating a safe and enabling environment for all women to exert their power to shape peace and justice in their communities and on the national stage.
To learn more about Feteh’s work, go here.


December 30, 2014
As teachers and educators, we are constantly required to review, evaluate and renew our teaching strategies to align them with the cultural, technological and pedagogical ethos of the era we are living in. In today’s era, the digital component is at the foreground which obviously calls for a new mindset, a novel conceptual framework that views technology not as an end itself but solely a mean to an educational end. It is a truism that digitality has opened a new horizon of unprecedented learning opportunities and experiences but we can only tap into its full educational potential when we equip ourselves with the proper mindset: a growth and open mindset that as much as it adapts it also disrupts the century-old orthodoxies underlying teaching and learning practice. Teaching is a dynamic concept which is constantly evolving and expanding and that is why teachers and educators are forever learners.
Engaging in such a life-long learning journey entails that teachers develop a set of robust thinking habits that allow them to fit in the rapidly evolving educational landscape.These habits are, according to Reid Wilson, what make the profile of a modern educator. Below is an awesome visual created by Wilson featuring some of the characteristics of a modern teacher which I want to bring to your attention. Have a look and share with us what you think of it. Enjoy


Nearly 20 percent of children and adolescents and 14 percent of toddlers in the United States are obese. One contributing factor, among many possibilities, may be what a baby eats during their critical first six months of life and how it affects their continued growth. Ideally, breast milk is their only food during this critical stage.
Given the importance of breast milk, School of Public Health Professor Ellen Demerath has been conducting the MILk study, which analyzes breast milk’s complex composition and tracks the ways it relates to growth and weight gain.
New findings from the ongoing study, which measured the levels of appetite-regulating hormones in the milk of women who had varying weight status before, during and after pregnancy, were recently published in the journal Obesity. Demerath looked at appetite-regulating hormones in breast milk because previous research suggests that high levels of some types of hormones may interfere with the growth rate of children during their early months.
To measure the relationship between weight and hormone levels, the study team collected health record weight data and milk samples from 135 exclusively breastfeeding women participating in the long-term study.
The researchers measured three particular hormones in the milk:
- leptin, an appetite suppressant;
- insulin, which suppresses eating as well as controls sugars entering body tissues;
- adiponectin, a hormone that has a role in appetite regulation and limits inflammation in the body.
The study found:
- obese mothers had elevated levels of leptin and insulin and lower amounts of adiponectin in their milk;
- leptin milk levels were higher for women with greater weight gain during pregnancy and decreased for mothers who lost weight postpartum.
“Breast milk is complicated, and through this new research, we found its composition really does differ and it depends to some extent on the mom’s weight status,” says Demerath.
According to Demerath, it’s much too early to speculate what the hormone levels mean for babies and their risk for becoming obese.
“We’re very early in the understanding of how breast milk works and differs among people,” says Demerath. “It could be that the hormone levels we found in obese mothers are beneficial to the baby. Also, the main risk may have nothing to do with the mom’s weight status and could be driven by other factors, such as the mother’s diet quality.”
Source: Read Full Article


Data reliability is a significant component of any business’s details infrastructure, particularly as companies expand and grow globally. It is also a top main concern for corporate compliance. Without a sound data protection plan, a company can easily lose buyers and clientele and have problems with fines and penalties.
Data is everywhere—in data centers, network-attached storage, desktops and mobile devices, cloud servers and applications. It’s up to data secureness teams for and sort all of it in in an attempt to protect this from exterior threats.
Many strategies help make data more secure, just like authentication and data erasure. Authentication ensures that just employees with permission to get into specific info are allowed to do so, while chafing is used to delete the info once it can no longer needed.
Tokenization and encryption are other methods to encrypt info. These algorithms replace legitimate values with dummy types until an authorized user may access the data.
Backups will be another important part of data protection. They generate a backup duplicate of the data in a distinct location, and this can be restored should the original end up being lost or perhaps destroyed.
A definite governance policy should be in place for the entire team to adhere to, defining every person’s roles and responsibilities with respect to data secureness. This will ensure that they do accidentally break antiviruscompany.net/avast-anti-track-premium-license-key-activation-process/ the principles and jeopardize the reliability of the company sensitive data.
Aside from the evident risk of losing data, a breach can easily have an impact relating to the company’s status. In addition , it could possibly lead to work losses.


TARGET: Nighttime Storm Triggers
Once the sun goes down, the Earth and its lower atmosphere usually loses heat and becomes more stable; an environment not so favorable for supporting thunderstorms. In the Great Plains, however, many summer storms form AFTER sunset and sometimes without an obvious trigger. Predicting the formation and behavior of nighttime thunderstorms remains difficult, but researchers believe targeted observations will build our understanding and ultimately improve forecasts.
TARGET: Atmospheric Ripples
Disturbances in the atmosphere can make waves similar to throwing a stone in a pond. Scientists will test their hypotheses about how deep waves form and ripple across the plains, causing new storms to form after sunset. One type of atmospheric ripple is called a “bore.” Thunderstorms can create bores, but bores can also cause a thunderstorm to suddenly intensify. PECAN is the first modern campaign to study the role of bores and how they trigger and support large complexes of thunderstorms, called Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs), when there is a stable layer of air at low levels of the atmosphere.
TARGET: Nighttime Monsters
Isolated thunderstorms can sometimes organize into a large MCS that grows overnight. MCSs can last for hours and often produce severe and hazardous weather. Scientists want to study vertical profiles of stability, moisture, and winds above the stable layer that control the intensity and severity of nighttime MCSs. PECAN will investigate how a low-level river of air causes thunderstorm triggers and supports storm evolution, what causes storms to grow into MCSs, and how MCSs respond to the surrounding environment. Scientists also want to study vertical profiles of stability, moisture, and winds above the stable layer that control the intensity and severity of MCSs.
TARGET: Nighttime Storm Forecasts
Warm-season forecasts of precipitation amounts are a poor performance area of prediction systems worldwide, due in part to low predictability of nighttime thunderstorms. Scientists want to figure out what combinations of observations and advancements in weather computer models and weather modeling systems are required to capture both nighttime thunderstorms and evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) to improve the prediction of heavy rainfall.


Imagine our beaches and oceans without dolphins, turtles, fish, and even birds? This could happen if we don’t stop polluting our seas. Researchers have discovered that about 100,000 marine animals die each year from eating or getting caught in plastic. This problem doesn’t just affect our sea creatures, but it also harms our beaches.
Created by kids, SOL’s mission is to prevent pollution on our beaches through organized beach clean-ups and by spreading awareness throughout our community. SOL plans events four times a year and all the events are open to the public. Often times an educational component is included in the event. Students have learned about sea turtles, sharks and Florida’s coral reefs. SOL has hosted a turtle release and a shark tagging excursion. By educating our youth SOL hopes to decrease the amount of trash on our beaches in the future.
SOL is the proud recipient of the Klean It Up Grant and the Guy Harvey Foundation Grant through the Youth Ocean Conservation Team. The Youth Ocean Conservation Team is a global network of youth and adults dedicated to protecting our planet’s marine ecosystems.
SOL, Saving Ocean Life, was founded in 2014 by Joey Goldstein who lives in Ft. Lauderdale, FL. While attending fourth grade Joey learned about the problems facing our oceans and coastlines. She told her parents she needed to do something to help the marine life and to find a way to stop pollution from getting to our beaches. Joey was determined to spread awareness to her community so she organized her first beach clean-up. Now, SOL hosts educational events and beach clean-ups. Hundreds of families have attended these events throughout South Florida over the years. Joey’s hope is that children will learn about the environmental issues and will continue to be conscientious citizens for the rest of their lives.
In 2018, Joey received the Seaworld & Busch Gardens Youth Ocean Environmental Excellence Award. Joey is currently a Senior Water Challenge Ambassador for EarthEcho International, and she is an inspirational speaker who loves to share her knowledge about ocean pollution. When Joey is not cleaning the beach she is riding the waves on her surfboard or practicing with her crew team. She also loves school, skiing, rock climbing, and playing the drums.


This English medieval surname, recorded in the spellings of Langdon, Landon, and Laundon, originates from the various places in England called Langdon. These include the Langdons in Devon, Dorset, Essex, Warwickshire, Kent, and other places. The placename derives from the Olde English pre 7th Century "lang" meaning "long", and "dun", a hill. With the change from Olde English to Anglo-Saxon in the 10th century, some places were recorded in the "new" spelling. These include Longdon, a place name found in the counties of Shropshire, Staffordshire and Worcestershire, the latter being recorded as Langadune in the year 1002, at the very begining of surviving records.Early examples of the name recording include Reginald de Langedon, who appears in the 1221 Assize Court Rolls of Shropshire and Staffordshire, and Geoffrey de Langedon of Somerset in 1273. Later recordings of the surname include that of Anne Landon, who married William Wrayford on May 20 1697 at Lincolns Inn, London, and James Laundon, who married annis Spares, at the church of St Katherines by the Tower (of London), on January 22nd 1687. The first recorded spelling of the family name is believed to be that of Aelfward aet Langadune, which was dated 1050, in the Olde English Name Roll for the county of Worcestershire. This was during the reign of King Edward, known as "The Confessor", 1042 - 1066.
© Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2022
Enjoy this name printed onto our colourful scroll, printed in Olde English script. An ideal gift.


The Speaking module takes between 11 and 14 minutes. It consists of an oral interview between the candidate and an examiner.
There are three main parts:
The candidate and the examiner introduce themselves and then the candidate answers general questions about themselves, their home/family, their job/studies, their interests and a wide range of similar familiar topic areas. This part lasts between four and five minutes.
The candidate is given a task card with prompts and is asked to talk on a particular topic. The candidate has one minute to prepare and they can make some notes if they wish, before speaking for between one and two minutes. The examiner then asks one or two rounding-off questions.
Check those page:
IELTS Speaking Part 2 Topics January to April 2020
IELTS Speaking Part 2 Topics September to December 2019
All Cue Card List
The examiner and the candidate engage in a discussion of more abstract issues and concepts, which are thematically linked to the topic prompt in Part 2. The discussion lasts between four and five minutes.
The Speaking module assesses whether candidates can communicate effectively in English. The assessment takes into account Fluency and Coherence, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy, and Pronunciation.


Parenting and Parent Child Relationship
The parent-child relationship consists of a combination of behaviours, feelings and expectations that are unique to a parent and his or her child. This relationship varies from child to child. Close relationships with parents have also been associated with positive outcomes for teenagers such as better progress in school and less likelihood of behavior problems.
Several factors shape the relationship between the parent and child including
Characteristics of the parent
- Characteristics of the child
- Birth Order
Parents generally use 4 styles of parenting:
- Authoritarian – aka strict. This type of parent is demanding and has high expectations but does not explain the reasoning for their rules or boundaries.
- Authoritative –This type of parent is balanced. These parents hold high expectations but they often help their children find solutions so that their high expectations can be met. Authoritative parents set limits but they will explain the reasoning behind their demands.
- Indulgent – aka permissive. These parents are lenient. They are responsive to their children’s needs but are not demanding of any appropriate behaviours in return.
- Neglectful –aka uninvolved. These parents are low in warmth and control and are generally not involved in their child’s life. They set no boundaries for their children and dismiss their children’s opinions.
Good communication is an important part of cultivating a healthy parent-child relationship. Parents who discuss matters that are important to their children provide them with information to help them make better decisions and lead constructive and healthy lives. Communication is a two way process so it is important for children to talk to their parents about what is important to them and it is also important for children to listen to their parents’ advice and instructions.
Parents’ involvement in their children’s social lives is also an important factor in the parent-child relationship. When parents know their children’s friends, children are less likely to want to keep negative company as friends and take part in harmful social activities. Introducing your friends to your parents helps them to understand your world and your personality and this in turn can have the effect of strengthening the parent-child bond.


François Boucher (Paris 1703–1770 Paris)
A Reclining Shepherdess (La Bergère au coeur), 1753
Chalk, pastel, and watercolor wash, and possibly traces of graphite on laid paper
15 1/2 × 18 7/8 in. (393.7 × 479.4 mm)
Promised Gift from the Collection of Elizabeth and Jean-Marie Eveillard
Photo Joseph Coscia Jr.
One of the most prominent and prolific painters in France during the reign of Louis XV, Boucher worked across many media and genres, playing a significant role in developing the painted pastoral as a genre in French art. Parisian patrons collected Boucher’s drawings during his life, and he may have made sheets like this as works of art in their own right. The figure relates to a number of the artist’s pastoral paintings, including La Musette (Musée du Louvre), in which the woman is joined by a shepherd and the drawing’s motif of the pierced heart is replaced with a small bagpipe held in the shepherd’s hand—also an amorous symbol. Boucher collaborated with printmakers to disseminate his compositions to a wider clientele, and this composition was translated into a print using the innovative technique of red chalk engraving. To the Goncourt brothers— famed art critics and collectors of the nineteenth century—this was one of the most beautiful studies made by Boucher.