The brake fluid analogy
So here's a thought. In my last post I talked about the new research which had proven once and for all that the pop (cavitation) you sometimes hear when a joint is manipulated is carbon dioxide suspended in the synovial fluid (the joint lubricating fluid) forming a bubble which explodes under the negative pressure caused by pulling the joint surfaces apart quickly. They also noticed what they thought may be water rushing into the joint after the event. So lets assume that the cavitation has enough force to drive the carbon dioxide through the capsule round the joint, which creates a pressure gradient whereby water is attracted in to equalise the pressure, so effectively carbon dioxide has been replaced with water. One of the effects will be on the compressability of the the synovial fluid, gases are compressible and liquids aren't. That is why a car with old brake fluid will have a spongy feel to the brake pedal, as much of the force applied is absorbed by the gas compressing. Maybe, just maybe, this is one of the ways that manipulations help joints to function better, by effectively changing the brake fluid, so that joints are less compressed.
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Damian is the principal osteopath at Vauxhall Village Osteopathy and Oval Osteopathy


Nahuatl drama, one of the most surprising results of the Catholic presence in colonial Mexico, merges medieval European religious theater with the language and performance traditions of the Aztec (Nahua) people of central Mexico. Franciscan missionaries, seeking effective tools for evangelization, fostered this new form of theater after observing the Nahuas’ enthusiasm for elaborate performances. The plays became a controversial component of native Christianity, allowing Nahua performers to present Christian discourse in ways that sometimes effected subtle changes in meaning. The Indians’ enthusiastic embrace of alphabetic writing enabled the use of scripts, but the genre was so unorthodox that Spanish censors prevented the plays’ publication. As a result, colonial Nahuatl drama survives only in scattered manuscripts, most of them anonymous, some of them passed down and recopied over generations.
Aztecs on Stage presents accessible English translations of six of these seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Nahuatl plays. All are based on European dramatic traditions, such as the morality and passion plays; indigenous actors played the roles of saints, angels, devils—and even the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ. Louise M. Burkhart’s engaging introduction places the plays in historical context, while stage directions and annotations in the works provide insight into the Nahuas’ production practices, which often incorporated elaborate sets, props, and special effects including fireworks and music. The translations facilitate classroom readings and performances while retaining significant artistic features of the Nahuatl originals.
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press


Fusion 360 Circuit Design and PCB Manufacturing Free Download
Learn how to create circuit design and preparing a PCB for manufacturing plus getting a 3D view of your circuit.
What you’ll learn
- Follow the trend in circuit design and PCB manufacturing business
- Create PCB For free
- Integrate circuit design 3-D modeling and simulation
- A Computer or Laptop with an Active internet connection
In this course, you will learn how to create circuit schematics in no time using a library that has tons of electronic elements available free for you to use in the fusion 360 software.
Welcome to this course.
This course will take you from zero experience in Circuit design and simulation and PCB fabrication to a professional who can build Professional Circuits, and turn them into production-ready products.
This is a state of the art software that provide you with a complete experience to draw your schematic and control every single detail on each electronic part, it allows you to check your schematic for design errors before moving forward to the PCB manufacturing. Plus autoroute your PCB into multiplayer mode.
You’ll also get a 3D visualization of your circuit that you can easily use in creating a 3D case for your PC by using the very same software which is fusion 360.
Who this course is for:
- Anyone who is looking to follow the trend in circuit design and PCB manufacturing business


The “Forest Garden Approach” applied by Trees for the Future, is an agroforestry method that is scalable, restores degraded land and provides nutritional and financial safety.
Trees for the Future chooses to work with farmers who have their own land and trains them, who are trained with their Forest Garden Program, explained below, over a four year period. This approach sustainably revitalizes the land of the farmers, while Trees for the Future provides them with training, seeds, tools, and the required materials. Thousands of trees are planted in the Forest Garden Program in order to protect the soil and bring the nutrients, moisture, and fertility back to it. As a result of the Program, the trees increase the long-term value of the land by converting desert-like landscapes into moist and fertile land. This enables the farmers to grow an increased variety of fruits and vegetables, in turn increasing their income up to 400% while creating food security.
The Forest Garden Program consists of four steps:
- Protection: this step is taught in the first two years, where farmers learn how to protect, stabilize and segment their field by growing about 2.500 fast-growing “fertilizer” trees and bushes that function as a protective barrier. This “Living Fence” (pictured above) keeps livestock and other pests out, protects the field from weather extremes and generates additional products that people can use or sell. The Living Fence enables Forest Garden farmers to increase their income and food security during the first year of implementation. This method protects a variety of crops like eggplant, tomato, pepper, maize, mint and more.
- Diversification: this step is taught from the second to third year. At this point the farmers learn to cultivate vegetable and fruit tree portfolios that meet the family’s priority nutritional needs and market opportunities over the year.
- Optimization: this step is taught in the final year. During year four the farmers are trained towards efficiently spacing trees and plants. As a result, they learn about advanced Forest Garden management and conservation techniques that optimize not only the productivity but also the long-term health of the land.
- Graduation: this is the last step of the program in which the farmers develop a sustainable strategy to stay self-sufficient.


Standard energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) using detector areas of 30 mm2 on standard scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) can deliver element mappings with nm resolution within a few minutes. The condition is, that the detector head is small enough (in slim-line design) to get as close to the specimen for (high solid angle) and as high above the specimen (for high take-off angle) as possible. The latter helps to avoid shadowing and absorption effects.
Standard STEM retrofitted with smaller 30 mm2 active area EDS with light element window, achieving 0.09 sr collection angle at 22° take-off angle, was used to analyze semiconductor interconnects (Fig. 1). The element distribution was mapped. The EDS data were processed quantitatively using the Cliff-Lorimer method. The calculation of theoretical Cliff-Lorimer factors in the ESPRIT software is based on the following information:
Within one series of specimens investigated under the same conditions, the Cliff-Lorimer method, using theoretically calculated factors, can be accurate within a few atomic percent relative to a chosen reference sample out of the specimen series. EDS data clearly reveal the tantalum and titanium of the Ta and TiN interconnect lining, as well as the copper and tungsten filling (Fig. 2). The titanium signal can be separated from the nitrogen signal. Si, Ta and W can be deconvolved and correctly assigned (Fig. 3).


Due to the rapid evolution of viruses, including influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), researchers are struggling to match pace in developing antivirals and vaccines as well as in identifying which drugs can be repurposed for new uses. Furthermore, many of the models used to explore virus evolution, vaccine development, and alternative use cases for approved therapeutics involve animals or studies in culture dishes, making it difficult to faithfully model influenza infection and test whether existing drug candidates block infection from respiratory pathogens like SARS-CoV-2. Since these preclinical drug testing models are not based in human biology, the results they produce often fail to accurately depict what the human responses to a disease or therapeutic will be.
Here, we present how a human Airway Lung-Chip can be used to recapitulate influenza virus infection and evolution in vitro as well as to examine existing candidate therapeutics for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Studies show that the Lung-Chip can accurately recapitulate influenza viral evolution that occurs through mutation or gene reassortment. These features of the Airway Lung-Chip make it easier for researchers to keep up with continuously changing viral strains, repurpose existing drugs to fight novel diseases, and discover new therapeutics.


Many people are unaware that some of the foods that we eat on regular basis can be deadly to your dog.
A piece of chocolate can cause seizures, coma and death. Even a small piece of chocolate is dangerous. Anything containing caffeine can have a similar effect and be as dangerous as chocolate, and that includes coffee grounds, tea, and tea bags.
Grapes and raisins can cause kidney failure and even a single serving of raisins can kill your dog. Excessive salt intake can also cause kidney problems. Onions can cause anemia by destroying red blood cells while tomatoes can cause tremors and heart arrhythmias. Tomato plants are particularly toxic to dogs. Avocados are also highly toxic and can cause breathing difficulty and fluid accumulation around the abdomen chest and heart.
When giving your dog bones ensure that they are raw as cooked bones can splinter and damage their internal organs. Excessive fat can cause pancreatitis, so it is not wise to feed your dog a diet of fatty foods. Fried foods also fall into this category and are not good to retain maximum health in your dog.
Certain nuts, such as Macadamia nuts and walnuts can cause weakness and muscle tremors. Peanut butter however is generally okay provided you use the salt and sugar free peanut butter as sugar can encourage cancer growth. The core and pits of fruits such as Apple’s cherries and peaches contain cyanide, which is poisonous to dogs and can kill them within 24-hours without warning.
If in doubt, always refrain from feeding your dog foods that we are eating assuming that they will be okay. What is safe for humans can kill your dog within hours.
Please note: This article is from a contributor. Opinions expressed may or may not agree with those of Master Dog Trainer Adam G. Katz. When in doubt, please refer to the advice given in Adam’s dog training book. This article is provided for your enjoyment, only.


The Church of Ireland is part of the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church, worshipping the one true God – Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. It professes the faith uniquely revealed in the Holy Scriptures and set forth in the catholic creeds: which faith the Church is called upon to proclaim afresh in each generation. Led by the Holy Spirit, it has borne witness to Christian truth in its historic formularies – the Thirty–nine Articles of Religion, the Book of Common Prayer, the Ordering of Bishops, Priests and Deacons and the Declaration prefixed to the Statutes of theChurch of Ireland (1870).
These historic formularies are a definition of the faith as proclaimed by the Church of Ireland,and thus form an important part of the inheritance through which this Church has been formed in its faith and witness to this day. The formularies that have been passed on are part of a living tradition that today must face new challenges and grasp fresh opportunities.
Historic documents often stem from periods of deep separation between Christian Churches.Whilst, in spite of a real degree of convergence, distinct differences remain, the tone and tenor of the language of the negative statements towards other Christians should not be seen as representing the spirit of this Church today.
The Church of Ireland affirms all in its tradition that witnesses to the truth of the Gospel. It regrets that words written in another age and in a different context should be used in a manner hurtful to or antagonistic towards other Christians.
The Church of Ireland seeks the visible unity of the Church. In working towards that goal this Church is committed to reaching out towards other Churches in a spirit of humility and love, that together all Christians may grow towards unity in life and mission to the glory of God.
Enacted by the Archbishops and Bishops and the Clergy and Laity of the Church of Ireland in General Synod assembled in Armagh in the year 2009, and by the authority of the same.


Research FocusThe residential designs of many cities in the world are perceived to be one of the many factors that influence the variance of fear of crime (Agody, 2010).
The perception is squarely dependent on the attitude and reactions towards the environmental designs. In the article “The Relationship between Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and Fear of Crime” by Sakip, Johari, and Salleh, draws one’s attention to how built environment affects crime. The primary focus of the article is to determine the relationship of crime prevented through environmental design practices and crime prevented through environmental design perception in two distinct types of residence (Agody, 2010). These residential areas include the gated and the non-gated ones. The study was carried out in Putrajaya and Bandar Baru Bangi households in Malaysia (Agody, 2010), with the help of structured questionnaires and interviews, which were administered on a face-to-face basis. The study targeted the head of households to respond to the study questions.
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FindingsIn the spirit of this study, it was deduced that there was a distinct relationship between the crime prevented through environmental design practices and crime prevented through environmental design perception (Agody, 2010). Also, the research proved that the fear of crime was reduced by high crime prevention through environmental design practices. Further research is also encouraged in this area to give detailed approaches to addressing crime in both residential settings.ApplicationAccording to Cozen et al., (2001) many studies have proven that the design of residential areas significantly impacts on criminal behavior.
Most of these areas that are non-gated and never patrolled are more likely to become targets for criminals when compared to the gated ones. When forming a better control, urban authorities should enact strict measures in ensuring residential areas are gated to reduce the likelihood of crime occurring and also influence criminals perception.


According to a report by the European Court of Auditors, EU rules are leading to a further increase in the proportion of more environmentally harmful freight transport on the road. This is around 77 percent compared to other transport options such as trains - and the Court of Auditors announced on Monday that the trend is rising. There are currently not the same competitive conditions for trains and inland waterways. Railway or port authorities would have to continue to use paper documents to be stamped because the workflow had not yet been digitized.
The auditors also noted that the EU does not have a specific strategy for intermodal freight transport. This means transport using two different modes of transport, for example a combination of train and truck.
There are also problems with the infrastructure, for example the EU freight transport network in its current form is not yet suitable for intermodal transport. The use of 740 meter long trains - the maximum length permitted under EU law - is one of the best measures to make rail more attractive than road. However, trains of this length could theoretically only be used on half of the most important long-distance connections.
EU targets such as doubling rail traffic and increasing the use of waterways by 50 percent are "simply unrealistic". However, according to the auditors, it is not possible to assess whether the combined national efforts are sufficient to meet the EU's overall modal shift targets.


Rembrandt 1659, beret and up-turned collar. Rembrandt's use of negative space helps to draw attention to his self-portrait. However, they take away from the clothing that Rembrandt is wearing.
Because of works like these, Rembrandt was considered one of the greatest print makers and painters in European history. Rembrandt's self portraits are highly noted for their ability to portray him as a man without arrogance while simultaneously exhibiting an unwavering sense of calmness.
and specific biblical text that remain evident in his works.
Rembrandt's Belshazzar's Feast. Rembrandt uses the light at the top right corner of the painting to draw the attention of the viewer to the man standing. In both paintings, I notice that Rembrandt focuses primarily on faces and pushes the values of the clothing to match the background.
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Gender and Sexuality
SUPPORTING A CHILD WITH GENDER OR SEXUALITY QUESTIONS
Your sexuality is the way you describe sexual, emotional and physical feelings or attractions you have towards another person. You may be attracted to people of the same gender, or a different gender, or you might not experience sexual attraction at all. These are all things which make up your sexuality - it is about more than just who you have sex with.
It is important to remember that there is no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ sexuality; it is simply about how you personally identify and experience attraction.
Your first place to start should be about knowing the terminology surrounding gender and sexuality see below for a quick glossary of some of the most common terms (not all of them though) taken from Stonewall.
If you're worried about a child who's LGBTQ+
Not all children and young people feel comfortable talking to their parents or carers about their sexuality, or their family may be unsupportive when they do. Children may also be experiencing abuse or neglect at home, and not feel safe to come out.
Adults outside the child's family, such as teachers, sports coaches or extended family can provide valuable support. Being able to talk to a safe adult who'll listen non-judgementally can really help a young person to feel accepted and less alone.
Support for young people from Childline.
- Sexuality - different types of sexuality, questioning your sexuality and relationships.
- Coming out - advice to support young people with coming out.
- Homophobic and transphobic bullying - what do if you're being bullied.
- Message boards: Sexuality - support from other young people with similar experiences.
WHO SHOULD YOU TURN TO FOR MORE HELP?
- Stonewall has a fantastic website full of advice and information to read through
- The Proud Trust is also a great site full of useful links and information for you on how to support your child
- Family Lives have some great pages on a range of issues but do cover this topic specifically


When you think about February, you may think: Valentine’s Day, chocolate, love, or maybe anything that’s anti those things. But, one thing to remember this month is our HEARTS.
February is American Heart Month. While your heart works 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, how often do you think about it? And how often do you take action to protect the health of your heart? Now’s the time to really start thinking about how you can take better care of yourself.
Heart disease and other cardiovascular issues are on the rise. Many factors can contribute to health issues, but you also have ways you can be proactive about your health. You may think it won’t happen to you, but you never know.
Being informed is important. Learn warning signs and symptoms of heart-related issues. Talk to your doctor, especially if heart disease runs in your family. Start with small daily actions to help reduce or prevent your risk of developing heart problems.
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major issue among Americans. According to the CDC, high blood pressure affects nearly half of the adult population in the U.S. Some people are affected and don’t even know.
Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to heart disease and stroke. These two things are a leading cause of death in the United States. The good news is, it is treatable and preventable. Start with getting your blood pressure checked regularly.
High blood pressure can develop overtime, some as a result of unhealthy lifestyle choices. Having diabetes or being overweight can increase your risks as well. Women who are pregnant can also be at risk.


Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas
Fish Assemblage Structure in Relation to Multiple Stressors along the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada
R. Allen Curry and Kelly R. Munkittrick
Abstract.—The Saint John River is located on the mainland of eastern North America, forming in northern Maine–southeastern Quebec, and flows east and south through New Brunswick. Fish collections were conducted at sites located from 135 to 625 km above the mouth in 2000 and 2001. Methods development trials demonstrated that the highest success was achieved with a standardized netting protocol consisting of a combination of dusk seining, nighttime electrofishing, and short-term gill net sets. A total of 36 species of fish were collected, with the greatest diversity occurring at the farthest downstream site. Upstream migration of anadromous species is restricted by the absence or poor performance of fish passage facilities at the five hydroelectric dams along the river system. The downstream migration of introduced muskellunge Esox masquinongy and upstream range expansions of introduced smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were observed. Fish species and abundances varied along the river, but the cumulative effects of human activities were not easily identified within the fish assemblage. There may have been a critical threshold within the fish assemblage defined by an accumulation of 20 anthropogenic developments. Cyprinid species declined in abundance and yellow perch Perca flavescens and brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus increased in abundance downstream of this apparent threshold.


Greater consideration of energy storage technologies, including investment, is necessary for the UK to have the best chance of meeting its targets for renewable energy generation and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, according to a report published today by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE).
The report, Energy Storage: The missing link in the UK’s energy commitments, is an assessment of the available energy storage technologies and how each could impact on the UK's ability to add renewable energy capacity.
The Institution argues that not only could energy storage ease the addition of intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar, effectively deployed storage could also limit the need for constraint payments to be made to wind farm and solar power plant operators for 'wrong time' generation in markets such as the UK where such payments exist.
The report assesses the various energy storage technologies and their appropriateness to the UK sector. It covers technologies including compressed air energy storage (CAES), pumped storage hydroelectric (PSHE), cryogenic energy storage (CES), hydrogen storage and flywheels as well as various electrical battery types. These include flow batteries for longer term applications, lithium-based, nickel-based and several other types.
In addition to advocating for the formulation of a roadmap for storage technology development, which IMechE argues should be done by the UK government in cooperation with the energy industry, the report highlights three key findings.
- At pre-launch events for the report, as well as in the report itself, the Institution's head of energy and environment, Dr Tim Fox stressed the importance of looking at energy storage not only in electricity, but also for transport and heat. According to the Institution, electricity only makes up around 26% of UK energy demand.
- Secondly, IMechE argues that “government must recognise that energy storage cannot be incentivised by conventional market mechanisms” – according to the Institution, long-term environmental and energy security objectives will not be met unless mechanisms to deploy storage are put in place.
- Finally and perhaps the biggest barrier if mainstream press coverage of energy issues in the UK is to be believed, the report argues strongly that while rapidly rising energy costs are a matter of deep concern, the UK “must reject its obsession with 'cheapness' in the sector. The Institution concludes that whatever the outcome and whichever technologies are deployed, energy costs are likely to continue to rise.


Offering child development, early education
and family support
Early Head Start is a free program for expectant mothers and families with infants and toddlers ages birth to 36 months who live in Northumberland County.
The program's philosophy is “the parent is the child’s first and most important teacher.” Parents learn how to provide for their child’s needs and stimulate development. Also, parents help make decisions about the program at monthly Policy Council meetings.
Families learn to access available resources in their communities. Interaction among parents, community and staff is important to ensure the program’s success.
Children with disabilities are welcome and included in all aspects of the program. In collaboration with CSIU Early Intervention and Northumberland County MH/MR, identification and intervention services are available.
Families enrolled in the home-based program participate in weekly home visits where information is provided for educational and developmental growth. To encourage social interaction, families are invited to attend the center twice a month where fun activities and a healthy snack are provided.
Infants and toddlers in the Early Head Start program receive several health screenings within the first 45 days of enrollment, including vision, hearing and developmental screenings. Participants’ medical and dental visits are tracked by a licensed practical nurse (LPN) on staff.
Expectant mothers are visited weekly in the home where lessons are provided on health, nutrition and child development topics. Each trimester during pregnancy, an LPN visits and discusses any concerns the pregnant mother may have. At birth, the baby becomes enrolled in the Early Head Start program.
Centers are located at the Shamokin Annex as well as Grace S. Beck Elementary.
CSIU Aplicación para la pre-escuela
Any person or agency can refer a child who might benefit from this program.


The number of American adults who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) is at an all-time high.
According to the results of a new Gallup poll, 4.5 percent of Americans identify as part of the LGBT community. The organization examined 340,000 people for this survey.
The number of LGBT Americans has been growing for the last six years. The percentage is up from 4.1 percent in 2016 and 3.5 percent in 2012, which was the first year Gallup began polling for this data. From this info, Gallup calculated the number of LGBT American adults to be more than 11-million.
Related | New Study Suggests That Exclusively Straight People Don’t Exist
Millennials (those born between 1980 and 1999) are credited with the rise. In the last two years, the number of millennials who identify as LGBT surged from 7.3 percent to 8.1 percent. This lift is the most significant increase of any generation since the poll began.
Gallup also analyzed the data based on race, gender and income. “The LGBT percentage has risen among all race and ethnic groups since 2012, although not on an equal basis,” they explain.
Related | Study Finds 13 Percent of Gay Men Have Anal Sex Every Day
For gender, more women (5.1 percent) identify as LGBT than men (3.9 percent). And, regarding race, Hispanics and Asians have noticed the most notable increase. In 2012, 4.3 percent of Hispanics identified as LGBT, and by 2017, it expanded to 6.1 percent. For Asians, the rate grew from 3.5 to 4.9 percent.
Concerning income, the report states, “LGBT identification is more common among those with lower incomes, as has been the case consistently since 2012.”


Video 32: Nathaniel Comfort, clip 1
Nathaniel Comfort teaches history of science and medicine at George Washington University. In 2001, he published The Tangled Field, a biographical study of McClintock's life, thought, and impact. In this clip, he talks about McClintock's use of maize as a model organism for plant genetics.
corn genetics, maize as model organism, history of science, barbara mcclintock, nathaniel comfort
- ID: 16679
- Source: DNALC.DNAFTB
- Download: MPEG 4 Video
16680. Video 32: Nathaniel Comfort, clip 2
Comments on McClintock's 1931 paper.
16681. Video 32: Nathaniel Comfort, clip 3
How was McClintock able to do what she did?
16683. Video 32: Nathaniel Comfort, clip 5
What did McClintock think about the dissociator and activator genes?
16684. Video 32: Nathaniel Comfort, clip 6
Why did McClintock stay at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory?
16682. Video 32: Nathaniel Comfort, clip 4
Comments on how McClintock used the breakage fusion bridge cycle to look for new mutations.
16957. 100 Years of Corn Research at CSHL
The Maize Genome Project is the culmination of a century of maize research at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory that began with George Shull and continued with Nobel Laureate Barbara McClintock.
16371. Biography 16: George Wells Beadle (1903-1989)
George Beadle had successful research careers in corn and Drosophila genetics, before starting the field of Neurospora research.
16685. Biography 32: Barbara McClintock (1902 -1992)
Barbara McClintock did pioneer work in plant genetics. She received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983.
16097. Bz Mutants
Wildtype corn, bz-stable, and bz-mutable mutants.
16668. Animation 32: Some DNA can jump.
DNAFTB Gallery 32: Barbara McClintock presents her work with maize.


Tools and technologies for the implementation of Big Data.
|Authors||Self, Richard and Voorhis, Dave|
This chapter uses the five V’s of Big Data (volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and value) to form the basis for consideration of the current status and issues relating to the introduction of Big Data analysis into organizations. The first three are critical to understanding the implications and consequences of available choices for the techniques, tools, and order to provide an understanding of choices that need to be made based on understanding the nature of the data sources and the content. All five V’s are invoked to evaluate some of the most critical issues involved in the choices made during the early stages of implementing a Big Data analytics project. Big Data analytics is a comparatively new field; as such, it is important to recognize that elements are currently well along the Gartner hype cycle into productive use. The concept of the planning fallacy is used with information technology project success reference class data created by the Standish Group to improve the success rates of Big Data projects. International Organization for Standardization 27002 provides a basis considering critical issues raised by data protection regimes in relation to the sources and locations of data and processing of Big Data.
|Keywords||Data protection; Governance; Big Data analytics|
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI)||https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801967-2.00010-0|
|Web address (URL)||http://hdl.handle.net/10545/622362|
File Access Level
|Publication dates||27 Feb 2015|
|Publication process dates|
|Deposited||16 Mar 2018, 13:56|
|Contributors||University of Derby|
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The IMF Special Data Dissemination Standard
In 1996, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) established its Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) for economic and financial statistics. The Central Bank subscribed to the SDDS on 21 June 1996. The standard assumes that specific statistical information is published within a specific period of time from the end of the period covered, in accordance with an advance release calendar. Accordingly, the Central Bank publishes on its website an advance release calendar indicating when specified statistics will be published. The statistics published by the Central Bank and covered by the standard include the following: banking system statistics, Central Bank balance sheet, direct investment, Central Bank external position, Iceland’s international investment position, external liabilities, foreign exchange reserves and related items, balance of payments, interest rates, and share price indices.
Under the IMF Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS), Iceland is obliged to publish certain data on preannounced dates. Among the data are main share indices, which the standard prescribes to be re-disseminated by a public agency. The OMX Iceland 6 PI ISK and OMXIPI indices are published on Iceland Stock Exchange’s website. Here are metadata for share indices.
Furthermore, the Bank complies with the standard by publishing data on foreign exchange reserves in its monthly press release on the Central Bank of Iceland balance sheet. It also publishes currency exchange rates on the home page of its website. In connection with the SDDS, the Central Bank of Iceland, the Ministry of Finance, and Statistics Iceland maintain a joint economic and financial data website to disseminate the data covered by the standard.
In addition to requiring publication of release calendars, the standard requires that statistics be presented in accordance with IMF definitions, to ensure international comparability.
The IMF website gives further details about the Special Data Dissemination Standard. Details of data disseminated by the Central Bank of Iceland and other Icelandic institutions obliged to comply with the standard are published on that page and on a separate page with information about methodology and publication practices among subscribers to the SDDS.


نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
1 استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسه پژوهشی حکمت و فلسفه ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد فلسفه، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
عنوان مقاله [English]
The present article, which deals with Wittgenstein’s conception of truth, attempts to show that, contrary to the prevailing interpretation, the later and the former Wittgenstein’s view of truth was identical. Wittgenstein, as it will be mentioned, regarded truth as a redundant concept throughout his philosophical work, and as a result, he refused to provide a theory about truth. At the end, it is going to clarify that refusal to provide a theoretical formulation about truth does not mean logically being involved in anti-realism, but rather he continued to have a realistic approach.
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Is it possible for your brain to hurt if you think too much?
Curiously, the brain lacks pain receptors and so can’t experience pain itself, which allows neurosurgeons to study brain function using fully conscious patients, using just a local anaesthetic when opening up the skull and tissue around the brain. So while our legs or arms give us a lot of pain after a hard workout, our brains can spend hours pondering the intricacies of the workings of how to assemble that Ikea wardrobe without discomfort. The real source of “brainache” is most likely to be prolonged tension in the neck and scalp muscles caused by spending too long in a tense, hunched position.
Most commonly headaches are due to Overstretching of Dura-Mater
So equally when you get a “headache” what you’ve got is pain in the head or face, and sometimes, this also includes pain in the upper neck. Pain sensitive structures in the head and face include the skin, bone and structures in the eyes, ears, nose and mouth. Also, the large blood vessels of the head are exquisitely sensitive and these are the principal organs causing pain in vascular headaches, such as migraines. The jaw hinge (called the temporomandibular joint) and the teeth can also generate headache. The brain itself is not pain sensitive and is not a source of head pain. The most common type of headache is the tension or muscle contraction type, which is frequently caused by spasms in the neck muscles and the muscles of mastication (chewing). This type of headache is usually treated easily by over-the-counter medications. More intense headaches are caused by unknown mechanisms. Most theories of vascular headache involve the relationship between the nerves and the blood vessels, both of which can be sensitive.
So, to answer the question…
In a Nutshell : NO it’s not possible to cause your brain to ache if you think too much.
If you’re interested in how “How Does Aspirin Find a Headache?” checkout our article entitled “Pontifications – answers to the fluff of everyday life“


Cataracts are among the worst things that you can bear with as you get older. Your lens will no longer be fully clear as clouding sensations will start to develop all around that part of the eye. This will certainly keep your eye from having the proper sight that you need.
Cataracts will be very harmful unless you consider the proper nutrients and antioxidants that will help you get the most out of your eyesight. You may be surprised at what can work.
Many nutrients can help you to stop the development of cataracts:
- Lutein is a carotenoid that is found in the eye. This helps restore blood flow into the eyes, thus controlling the development of cataracts.
- Zeaxanthin absorbs dangerous UV rays that your eyes may be exposed to, thus reducing the risk of developing cataracts or making existing ones worse.
- Beta carotene comes from vitamin A and assists in controlling inflammation around many parts of the eyes. This allows blood to properly flow around all parts of the eyes.
- Omega-3 fatty acids help with improving blood flow by restricting the production of LDL cholesterol while improving how HDL cholesterol is formed. These may also be converted into EPA or eicosapentaenoic acid. The controls the development of inflammation in the eyes.
How Can Antioxidants Help?
Various antioxidants can also help you get the most out of your eyesight:
- Vitamin C removes free radicals from the eyes and other parts of your body.
- Also, Vitamin E encourages the production of healthy cells around the eyes.
- Vitamin B6 also helps you with improving how red blood cells are formed around the eyes. As this works, the eyes will receive the oxygen and blood support they need.
You will be impressed at how well antioxidants and nutrients can work for your eyes. Make sure you take a closer look at them if you need to improve your eyesight after bearing with cataracts or when aiming to keep them from being a threat.
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By July 1846, the naturalist, slavery abolitionist, and writer Henry David Thoreau had been resisting the payment of poll taxes that helped fund the Mexican-American War for six years. He was arrested for refusing to pay and spent a night in jail. Though someone, likely his aunt, paid his back taxes and got him out the next day, his brief time in jail had a profound influence on him. A few years later Thoreau published the essay Civil Disobedience, containing his famous line, “If a thousand men were not to pay their tax-bills this year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure, as it would be to pay them, and enable the State to commit violence and shed innocent blood.”
Also in that essay, he wrote, “Practically speaking, the opponents to a reform in Massachusetts [to abolish slavery] are not a hundred thousand politicians at the South, but a hundred thousand merchants and farmers here, who are more interested in commerce and agriculture than they are in humanity, and are not prepared to do justice to the slave and to Mexico, cost what it may. I quarrel not with far-off foes, but with those who, near at home, co-operate with, and do the bidding of those far away, and without whom the latter would be harmless.” As war tax resisters, we refuse to “do the bidding of those far away” who want to spend our taxes on endless war. Despite our distance from the conflicts the US government funds, we still recognize how taxation compels our participation in war, and how refusing to pay brings attention to this reality.
Throughout the month of July, the National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee is celebrating the contributions of Thoreau to our modern movement. Join us by:
- Reading Civil Disobedience
- Reading/purchasing NWTRCC’s Thoreau and His Heirs educational materials
- Contributing to our Causevox fundraising campaign
- Starting your own Causevox peer-to-peer fundraising page in support of NWTRCC (click “Create a fundraising page” at the top, or the red “Fundraise for NWTRCC” button)
- Sharing this blog post with your friends using the share buttons below


The Quantification of Law: Counting, Predicting, and Valuating
Legal reasoning is increasingly quantified. Developers in the market and public institutions in the legal system are making use of massive databases of court opinions and other legal communications to craft algorithms to assess the effectiveness of legal arguments or predict court judgments; tasks that were once seen as the exclusive province of seasoned lawyers’ obscure knowledge. New legal technologies promise to search heaps of documents for useful evidence, and to analyze dozens of factors to quantify a lawsuit’s odds of success. Legal quantification initiatives depend on the availability of reliable data about the past behavior of courts that institutional actors have attempted to control. The development of initiatives in legal quantification is visible as public bodies craft their own tools for internal use and access by the public, and private companies create new ways to valorize the “raw data” provided by courts and lawyers by generating information useful to the strategies of legal professionals, as well as to the investors that re-valorize legal activity by securitizing legal risk through litigation funding.
The article The Quantification of Law: Counting, Predicting, and Valuating by Rafael Viana Ribeiro (Law, Technology and Humans, 3, no 1 (2021): 51-67. https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1603) was originally published on March 2, 2021. The author name has been changed at the request of the author. The correction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1965


Simple english c01/periodic table
Periodic table[modifier | modifier le wikicode]
The periodic table of the chemical elements is a list of known atoms. In the table the elements are placed in the order of their atomic numbers starting with the lowest number. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of electrons or protons in that particular atom.
In the periodic table the elements are arranged into periods and groups.
A row of elements across the table is called a period. Each period has a number: from 1 to 7. Period 1 has only 2 elements in it: hydrogen and helium. Period 2 and Period 3 both have 8 elements. Other periods are longer.
A column of elements down the table is called a group. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table. Each group has a number: from 1 to 18. Elements in a group have electrons arranged in similar ways, which gives them similar chemical properties (they behave in similar ways). For example, group 18 is known as the noble gas les because they are all gases and they do not combine with other atoms.
The periodic table can be used by chemists to observe patterns, and relationships between the elements. For example, elements to the bottom and far left of the table are the most metallic, and elements on the top right are the least metallic. (e.g. cesium is much more metallic than helium). There are also many other patterns and relationships.
There are three systems of group numbers; one using Arabic numerals (1,2,3) and the other two using Roman numerals (I, II, III). The Roman numeral names were used at first and are the traditional names; the Arabic numeral names are newer names that the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) decided to use as well. The IUPAC names were meant to replace the older Roman numeral systems as they used the same names to mean different things, which was confusing.
The Periodic Table was invented and arranged by the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907).


In the previous activity of the “saving & spending” section we talked about how important it is to recognize your expenses so that you can control where and how much money you spend each week or month. Now, we will get to know other good practices, which by adopting them, will help you better manage your expenses, thus improving your financial well-being.
A first good practice for successfully managing your expenses is to plan early on how much money to spend every week or month. This habit will help you be in control of your money and not spend more than you have calculated.
Also, a very useful practice for better managing your expenses is to make creative lists. By making well-thought-out lists of what you need to buy every time before you go shopping, you save yourself from getting carried away and spending much more money than you intended. Surely, you remember many moments when you got carried away and bought many more things than you originally intended to get.
Another beneficial habit is, either in your online or in-person purchases, to make a price comparison. This way you can identify the most advantageous prices and spend less money on your purchases.
Finally, a good practice related to the proper management of your expenses is the state of rest! When you are at rest and not in anxiety or emotional tension, then you make better choices about where you spend your money.
Start making the above practices and habits your own and very quickly you will see a positive change in how you manage your personal expenses!


Every definable idea is susceptible of a two-fold definition. One is the simple or concrete definition the other is the general or abstract one The simple or concrete definition of Zionism, such as is given every day, is, that it represents the endeavor to secure Palestine by purchase as a legally assured home for our persecuted and oppressed brethren who are panting and pining away in Russia, Roumania, and other such despotic lands. Zionism is, thus, the off spring oi Jewish misery and Jewish persecution, the outcome of Anti semitism. According to this defini tion, it follows logically, that if the bright rays of liberty and justice of such humane countries as Eng land, the United States, and our beloved Canada, suddenly penetrated into those benighted lands and dispelled the darkness and gloom that hover over them, there would be no occasion for Zionism any more than there is need of a lamp in broad day-light. This charitable definition of Zionism is intended to reach the comprehension of the smaller children of Israel.t.
|Categoria||Língua Estrangeira - Inglês|


In this video, we’ll be carrying out quite possibly the scariest part of the entire project, separating the lid. This stage requires a lot of prep and is also a great time to focus on sanding and filling gaps around the box. Good luck!
This 15 part series will teach you the processes involved in making a beautiful toolbox; because it’s about time we made something for ourselves for once!
This course builds on the basic skills learnt in the Dovetail Box Series and the Cabinet Series by introducing more intermediate skills into the equation such as mitred dovetails, tongue and groove joints, and separating a lid after glue-up. You’ll also begin learning how to use routers and router tables in a safe and effective manner.
What’s more, this design is incredibly easy to adapt to different scales to suit different applications.
Get the FREE Plans for the Toolbox here: https://mattestlea.com/product/toolbox-plans/
Clamping Blocks and Assembly
Installing the Hinges
Have you got the plans yet?
The Student Series
Want to see another beginner make this project before you? It’s a great way to scope out any mistakes before you make one yourself!
*To be filmed


These media include compressed air (Mair 1979, Calvello & Taylor 2000) and chemical solids such as Styrofoam (Sharma et al. 2001). In the last case, the removal is effected by chemical solvents.
In this study, the medium used is heavy zinc chloride solution. Zinc chloride solution has been used in experiments related to other phenomena (Lade et al. 1981, Mair et al. 1984, Bolton & Powrie 1987). The other two options, involving compressed air and Styrofoam, were also considered but were not selected owing to the difficulties discussed below. In the case of compressed air, the pressure of the compressed air is uniform throughout the tunnel. Thus, if the air pressure is selected to equilibrate the specific level within the tunnel, then there will be some over-pressure at the shallower regions of the tunnel and under-pressure at the deeper regions. For instance, if the compressed air pressure is selected to equilibrate the overburden pressure at the spring line of the tunnel, then there will be over-pressure at the crown and under-pressure at the invert. Thus, compressed air pressure cannot completely equilibrate geostatic overburden pressure at all points at the same time.


Mr. Bokat-Lindell is a staff editor.
This article is part of the Debatable newsletter. You can sign up here to receive it on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
“If there is a dominant paradigm for how politicians and economists today think about solving climate change, it is called green growth. According to green growth orthodoxy — whose adherents populate European governments, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Bank and the White House — the global economy can both continue growing and defuse the threat of a warming planet through rapid, market-led environmental action and technological innovation.
But in recent years, a rival paradigm has been gaining ground: degrowth. In the view of degrowthers, humanity simply does not have the capacity to phase out fossil fuels and meet the ever-growing demand of rich economies. At this late hour, consumption itself has to be curtailed.
Degrowth is still a relatively marginal tendency in climate politics, but it’s been attracting converts. In 2019, more than 11,000 scientists signed an open letter calling for a “shift from G.D.P. growth” toward “sustaining ecosystems and improving human well-being.” And in May, a paper published in the journal Nature argued that degrowth “should be as widely and thoroughly considered and debated as are comparably risky technology-driven pathways.” “


Description: GRAS- The Thyme plant is an evergreen perennial shrub that grows up to 45 cm (18 inches) in height. It has a woody root system, a multi-branched stem, small elliptical greenish gray aromatic leaves and pale purple or white flowers. Thyme is derived from the Greek word ‘thymos’ that means ‘perfume’.
Common Uses: Thyme has been used effectively as a anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antiseptic, anti-viral. May work as a neurotonic and cardiotonic. Builds the immune system (stimulating white blood cells into action), assists in overcoming emotional fatigue and physical weakness especially after illness. Very strengthening to nerves, aids memory, congestion, low spirits, colitis, sinusitis, dyspepsia, general tonic for stomach, infectious colitis, bronchitis, asthma, tonsillitis, whooping cough, tuberculosis, cystitis, urinary, anthrax, warts, abscess, sciatica, lumbago, bruises, burns, insect bites, lice, sprains, poor circulation, raises low blood pressure, sporting injuries, diarrhea, chills, headache, insomnia, nerves.
Blends well with: Bergamot, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lavender, Rosemary and Pine.
Aromatic Scent: Thyme has a fresh, herbaceous, medicinal scent. It has often been described as sharp and warming.
History: Thyme was used in ancient herbal medicine Greeks, Egyptians and the Romans. It was used as incense in Greek temples and the Egyptians used it in embalming. During the Middle Ages it was given to jousting Knights for courage, and a sprig of thyme was carried into courtrooms to ward off diseases.
Cautions: Thyme Essential Oil should be avoided during pregnancy, or if a history of high blood pressure exists. Thyme contains a high amount of toxic phenols (carvacrol and thymol) that can irritate mucus membranes, cause skin irritation and skin sensitization.


Kristni-lögOld Norse Dictionary - kristni-lög
Meaning of Old Norse word "kristni-lög" (or kristni-lǫg) in English.
As defined by the Cleasby & Vigfusson Old Norse to English dictionary:
- kristni-lög (kristni-lǫg)
- n. pl. = kristinlög, Fb. ii. 54.
Orthography: The Cleasby & Vigfusson book used letter ö to represent the original Old Norse vowel ǫ. Therefore, kristni-lög may be more accurately written as kristni-lǫg.
Possible runic inscription in Younger Futhark:ᚴᚱᛁᛋᛏᚾᛁ-ᛚᚢᚴ
Younger Futhark runes were used from 8th to 12th centuries in Scandinavia and their overseas settlements
➞ See all works cited in the dictionary
Works & Authors cited:
- Flateyjar-bók (E. I.)


The descriptive text, below the map, is from the Cornish Red Data Book (2009). The map on this web page depicts the organisms distribution and shows the records made pre-2000 and those made since.
Range & Status
A Mediterranean species which extends along the Atlantic coasts into south-western England. Local, although colonies may be relatively frequent along the south coast.
One old record from Tregantle until re-discovered in Cornwall in 1989 to the north of Poldhu Cove and on Treluggan Cliff (Alexander & Grove, 1991), and now known to be more widespread, with records from the coasts of the Lizard and along the south coast generally.
Habitat & Ecology
Chiefly associated with Fabaceae in coastal grasslands, including Common Vetch Vicia sativa , Common Bird' s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus , Clover Trifolium spp., Black Medick Medicago lupulina and Meadow Vetchling Lathyrus pratensis . It occurs in open sunny situations, but the vegetation can vary from quite sparse clumps of plants in bare ground to moderately tall vegetation. South-facing and sheltered situations are preferred.
Coastal developments; heavy public pressure leading to erosion of vegetation; changing grazing levels.
Manage to retain as wide a range of vegetation structure as possible, including both low and tall vegetation. The two recent localities both lie on National Trust land, and many are within SSSI.
I.J. Bennallick, S. Board, C.N. French, P.A. Gainey, C. Neil, R. Parslow, A. Spalding and P.E. Tompsett. eds. 2009. Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. 2nd Edition.Croceago Press.
The Cornish Red Data Book Project was led by the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Federation for Biological Recorders (CISFBR). The full text and species accounts (minus the maps) are available on the CISFBR website.


What Are They and Why Are They Dangerous?
An aflatoxin is a type of mold that grows in the bedding that most crickets (and sometimes mealworms) are kept in when they are raised. The bedding is usually corn-based and can grow a mold that the insects ingest and walk through. Once the insect has ingested the mold, it retains its toxicity to gliders and so when the glider eats the insect, it can become seriously ill from the mold. Sadly, gliders who suffer from aflatoxin poisoning usually do not survive because the liver is badly compromised by the aflatoxins.
Because the aflatoxin mold develops in corn, your glider can also be exposed to aflatoxins if you feed them corn. If you do so, you need to make sure the corn is very fresh before it is processed - the best way to do this is to feed frozen corn. There is no way to completely ensure that aflatoxins are not present in corn, however, which is why I, personally, choose not to feed corn to my gliders at all.
I order insects from Grub Co. because they do not use corn bedding for their crickets nor for their mealworms, so the risk of aflatoxin poisoning is greatly reduced. However, there is still a minor risk there, so some people choose not to feed crickets to their gliders at all. Whether or not to feed crickets and/or mealworms is a decision that individual glider owners have to make on their own. However, aflatoxins are a very real and very dangerous risk to the well-being of your glider, so keep that in mind when you are making your decision.


The world’s largest zero-emission haul truck made its debut, powered by engineering firm First Mode’s clean energy innovation. The ultra-class haul truck once burned thousands of gallons of diesel fuel per year, but now it’s powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and lithium-ion battery powerplant designed and built by First Mode engineers in Seattle.
As tall as a three-story building and weighing 200 tons empty, this truck can carry up to 290 tons of ore. Deploying Anglo American and First Mode’s zero-emission power source keeps 700 cars’ worth of carbon dioxide emissions out of the atmosphere. Large trucks currently account for 70-80% of diesel fuel consumption at Anglo American’s mine sites.
The mining industry accounts for approximately 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions, with diesel haul trucks representing as much as 50% of total energy use at mine sites. According to the World Economic Forum, the transition to clean energy needed to avoid the worst effects of climate change could require as much as 3 billion tons of metals, for batteries, solar panels, wind turbines, and other devices.
First Mode continues to hire worldwide, targeting rapid growth at its headquarters and hardware development centers in Seattle, and its new 50,000-square-foot manufacturing facility in Perth, Australia.


Now that nearly universal quarantine has been introduced because of the coronavirus, dog owners are in a better position to officially go out for a short while. But that’s not all that’s good for dogs. Scientists from the Italian city of Catanzaro have found that those with a quadruple-legged pet COVID-19 are easier to carry. A similar effect was observed in those in contact with cattle.
To find an explanation for this phenomenon, the researchers compared viruses. The disease of bulls, cows and other cattle turned out to be 38.4% similar to the Chinese coronavirus and 36.9% similar to the dog virus. That means the owners already have some kind of immunity on SARS-Cov-2.
The same was reported by Sabina Olex-Condor, a Polish doctor who works in one of the clinics in Madrid. The doctor believes that owners of cats and dogs, as a rule, carry coronavirus lighter or completely asymptomatic.
“This is an issue that needs further study, but it is suggested that here we can deal with higher immunity due to contact with pet specific coronaviruses and a more efficient immune system,” says Olex-Condor.
This may be due to the fact that cross-reactions produce antibodies to the virus and the owners (most often) of cats are more protected against COVID19. Olex-Condor built its conclusions by analyzing the observations of 100 patients with coronavirus.
“Cats are known to have a form of cat coronavirus that does not affect humans. So it is possible that people who have close daily contact with a carrier cat may have antibodies to the cat virus. And these antibodies can also destroy the human virus. It’s called a cross-reaction and it exists in nature. Of course, to confirm my assumptions will require in-depth research and statistics,” says the doctor.
The immunity of pet owners may already be “hardened” in the fight against micro-organisms in animals’ saliva and coats, so the disease is easier to tolerate.


Malaysia struggled to save the Sumatran rhino species, after the country’s last male rhino passed away, dashing the efforts to save the so endangered species.
The 30-year-old rhino, called Tam lived at a wildlife reserve in Sabah state on Borneo island since his capture in 2008, Christina Liew, state minister for tourism, culture and environment, said in a statement.
The Sumatran rhino is known as the smallest species of rhinoceros. And it was officially declared extinct in Malaysia’s wildness in 2015. Now, a female called Ima is the only surviving member of the species left in Malaysia.
According to wildlife experts, there are less than 80 species of rhinoceros left in the wild, all over the world. With most of them living on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and on the Indonesian side of Borneo, ABC News reports.
The species’ dramatically decline was caused by poaching and habitat loss. Because of this, they rarely breed and may go extinct in a matter of decades, according to conservation group International Rhino Foundation.
“Today, we bid farewell to Tam, our last surviving male Sumatran rhino. Our hearts are filled with sadness as we mourn not only the loss of wildlife but the loss of a species. With Tam gone, we now only have Iman left, our last female rhino.
If we are not careful, the Sumatran rhino will not be the only species that will go extinct under our watch. Our other prized wildlife like elephants, pangolins, bantengs and clouded leopards will also likely meet the same fate if we don’t protect them now,” World Wildlife Fund wrote in a Facebook post.


Bamboo is an evergreen perennial flowering plant in the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. The word “bamboo” comes from the Dutch or Portuguese languages, which probably borrowed it from Malay. Bamboos are distributed in tropical and subtropical to mild temperate regions, with the heaviest concentration and largest number of species in East and Southeast Asia and on islands of the Indian and Pacific oceans. A few species of the genus Arundinaria are native to the southern United States, where they form dense canebrakes along riverbanks and in marshy areas.
Dedicated in 1982 as 1st wilderness park developed inside city limits in U.S. Areas of forest have 60-ft.-tall bamboo with trunks 6 inches in diameter. Hundreds of varieties of plants, including one of Alabama’s largest beech trees.
Location: 800 Upper Kingston Road Prattville, Alabama
In this park, giant oriental bamboo soar 60 feet to form a canopy in the sky. The bamboo competes with native trees and shrubs to form this most unusual area, which also contains the State’s second largest Beech tree. The Spinners Club, a woman’s service organization, was instrumental in saving this area from sub-division several years ago.


University of Florida Shines a Light on Rare Disease: Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis
March 16, 2013
Creed Pettit squirms and giggles like most 4-year-old boys. But shortly after he was born, he displayed worrisome behavior.
“He was a very happy child until it got dark,” said his mother, Sarah. “He ate looking up and anything chest down he would trip over.”
Creed was diagnosed with a mild form of autism, but by the time he was two and a half years old, he was legally blind, so doctors searched for other answers. Creed’s bloodwork revealed LCA (Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis), a retinal degenerative disease, and further testing showed it to be a type of LCA that responds to gene therapy.
“It was an incredibly joyous occasion,” Sarah Pettit said.
Now Creed is enrolling in a Phase III trial of a gene therapy that has helped people in trials recover most of their vision.
Success stories like Creed’s can be as rare as the prevalence of conditions such as his. Rare diseases by definition number about 7,000 worldwide, affecting some 30 million people — about half of whom are children.
Most rare diseases are caused by genetic mutations, and the boon of genetic testing is making diagnoses quicker and cheaper, said Dr. Barry Byrne, director of the University of Florida’s Powell Gene Therapy Center.
Once the genetic mutations are revealed, “that gives us the basis for treating those conditions by gene therapy,” Byrne said. “The first step is understanding the molecular cause. And then we evaluate whether there’s a way to restore the gene function.”
Read more at Gainsville.com. Written by Kristine Crane.
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Chippewa Run Natural Area
Buy the $.99 downloadable map!(This map is not geo-referenced)
Chippewa Run is a groundwater-fed stream that flows a mile west into South Bar Lake and is named for the Anishinaabek tribes – or Chippewa Indians – who staged seasonal hunting and fishing encampments along it. Early settlers cleared much of the land and planted orchards on both sides of the creek. Eventually, the tract became known as the “Gateway to Empire” and when it was at risk of becoming a housing development the Leelanau Conservancy led a successful campaign to purchase the area. Chippewa Run Natural Area was dedicated in 2000.
Since then, Conservancy volunteers have recorded nearly 80 species of birds at Chippewa Run. They range from American bitterns, great blue herons and wild turkeys to grasshopper sparrows and Eastern meadowlarks in the meadows, northern waterthrushes and Wilson’s warblers in the thickets and a variety of waterfowl in the ponds and wetlands. At the south end of the preserve, green herons nest in the pines.
Much of the trail system was built in 2007-08 and today is a pair of separate loops that total less than 1.5 miles. Though it is short, the scenery is interesting and includes a variety of wildflowers, blue flag iris, cardinal flower and water lilies among them. There are excellent fall colors along the creek and old apple trees that still bear fruit.
|Difficulty - Easy|


By combining data from several telescopes, astronomers created this captivating new image of the Crab Nebula.
The unusual image was produced by combining data from telescopes spanning nearly the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to X-rays. The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) provided information about the nebula gathered in the radio regime (colored in red). NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope took images in the infrared (yellow). The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope provided the images made in optical wavelengths (colored in green). ESA’s XMM-Newton telescope observed the Crab Nebula in the ultraviolet (blue) and NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory provided the data for X-ray radiation (purple).
The Crab Nebula, located 6500 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Taurus (The Bull), is the result of a supernova explosion which was observed by Chinese and other astronomers in 1054. At its center is a pulsar: a super-dense neutron star, spinning once every 33 milliseconds, shooting out rotating lighthouse-like beams of radio waves and visible light.
Surrounding the pulsar lies a mix of material; some of it was originally expelled from the star before it went supernova, and the rest was ejected during the explosion itself. Fast-moving winds of particles fly off from the neutron star, energizing the dust and gas around it. These different layers and intricacies of the nebula can be observed in all of the different wavelengths of light.
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Principles of Bicycle helmet
The working principle of the riding helmet is to play a protective role by absorbing the impact of the collision. In other words, every cycling helmet has a foam inner layer. In the event of an accident, the foam inner layer will cushion the collision to reduce accident damage. Traditionally, many riding helmets are made of EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) materials. Once the EPS foam is crushed and deformed in an accident, it cannot be recovered and used again. In addition, there are helmets with an inner layer made of EPP (Expanded Polypropylene) foam. Although EPP foam can be used again after being impacted, its impact absorption strength is far less than EPS foam. Therefore, after years of research and improvement. A new type of multi-protective foam Tau Re Up that combines EPS and EPU (polyurethane) was born. Not only that, carbon fiber is used in many riding helmets to reduce the weight of the helmet.
How to wear a bicycle helmet
1: Open the strap.
2: Place the helmet horizontally on your head and slowly tighten the straps until you feel comfortable.
3: Adjust the strap under the ear.
4: After adjusting the straps, tighten the straps to fit your chin.
After you have completed the above operations, make sure that the helmet does not move more than 1 inch (1 inch = 2.5400 cm), and make sure that the helmet will not fall off without loosening the straps.


It was a challenge, but many people managed to stay active during the Covid-19 lockdown.
Some worked out at home. Others used lockdown as an excuse to make the most of their local area, and facilities. And as the government relaxed the rules, more types of physical activity became possible.
So it was possible to stay active during lockdown. But as people adapted to new systems and regulations, we saw many new safeguarding issues come to light.
Now that the UK’s gradually coming out of lockdown, the government will likely introduce new regulations with every passing week. This might make safeguarding in sport a challenge. But the good news is that there are lots of resources out there to help you stay safe while staying active.
Safeguarding Adults in Sport as Lockdown Eases
Sport England has produced a comprehensive guide called “Coronavirus: What Happens Next?”
They discuss current best-practice guidance, which they compare to the official government guidelines. They then take a look at the next steps, before offering a set of principles to help sport and activity organisations “return to play”. Finally, they examine other relevant government guidance from a sport and activity perspective.
Find the Sport England guide here.
The Sport and Recreation Alliance has also put together a list of guidance and resources from across the sector to help people stay active, healthy and happy during the COVID-19 lockdown. They’ve gathered the guidance from dozens of official sport bodies, with return-to-play guidelines for everything, from angling to volleyball.
Find the Sport and Recreation Alliance guide here.
Mind have produced mental health guidance to support the return of sport and physical activity.
Find the Mind ‘Return to Play’ guide here.
Safeguarding Young People and Children in Sport as Lockdown Eases
The CPSU has brief but comprehensive guidance for any organisation looking to return to face-to-face activities.
They begin by looking at the government guidelines, where they highlight a few best-practice precautions that all sport and activity organisations should adopt. They stress the importance of maintaining safeguarding standards as lockdown eases, before providing a clear and concise list of “what sports organisations need to do.”


Ben Crystal, an Old Pronunciation English expert, breaks down the mechanics of the OPE dialect, as well as recites passages written by Roger Williams and Shakespeare. This program allowed the audience to experience what it would have been like to listen to these iconic works spoken in the dialects of those who wrote them. Click here for a 100-minute video of his presentation produced by the Rhode Island Historical Society.
Roger Williams National Memorial Ranger John McNiff introduces Ben Crystal on this unique Zoom program arranged by the Rhode Island Historical Society. This is the first time in several hundred years that the sounds of Roger Williams’ works were heard in its original pronunciation. Crystal is an actor, author, producer, and explorer in original practices of Shakespeare rehearsal and production based out of Anglesea Wales, UK. He has led original practice explorations for Shakespeare’s Globe, the British Library, and the British Council. He performed the title role in the world contemporary premier of Hamlet in Original Pronunciation, and in 2012 was the curator and creative director for a CD of Shakespeare in Original Pronunciation for the British Library.
Ben and John share their perspectives on how the Old English language changed over time before the audience of 82 viewers posed questions.
(Above) Ranger McNiff illustrates the talk with copies of the original deed to Providence signed by Canonicus and Miantinomi and the original cover of Williams’ A Key into the Language of America that he wrote on his way back to England in 1643 to obtain a charter from the king. To quote Roger Williams, “A little Key may open a Box, where lies a bunch of Keyes.” This experience opens the doors to a new perspective and understanding of what life in the 1600s was like.


This inaugural publication of the Family Policy Institute of Oklahoma provides a brief assessment of the status of Oklahoma's children using five different indicators representing serious challenges to their well-being: child safety, child poverty, educational success, teen births, and youth substance abuse. Findings indicate: there were over 11,000 cases of child abuse and neglect confirmed in 2013 in Oklahoma; 1 in 4 Oklahoma children lived in poverty in 2011; Oklahoma's high school graduation rate is been 72-78%; Oklahoma ranks 2nd for teen births in the United States at 47.3%; and Oklahoma teens are involved with substance abuse at about the same prevalence as their peer nationwide. The report concludes the children are not doing well and warrant the attention of faith, community, and policy leaders to strengthen Oklahoma's families and put children on a path that gives them the optimal opportunity to be safe, stable, and to succeed. It calls on the Oklahoma Legislature to consider policies that slow down the fast-pace of unilateral divorce, encourage more premarital education, financially encourage long-term marriage, and increase the opportunity for reconciliation. In addition, it urges faith and community leaders to consider how best to expand efforts to inform young people on the benefits of marriage, to take advantage of opportunities to participate in premarital assessments and training, to not rush to the altar before being ready, and to keep their marriage vows for the long run. 32 references.
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Changing opinion, knowledge, skill and behaviour of Vietnamese shrimp farmers by using serious board games
An article of Roel Bosma, Tran Phung Ha, Tong Quoc Hiep, Nguyen Huynh Phuong, Arend Ligtenberg, Romina Rodela and Arnold Bregt: Changing opinion, knowledge, skill and behaviour of Vietnamese shrimp farmers by using serious board games, has been published in The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, Volume 26, 2020 - Issue 2.
Purpose: Mekong Delta's shrimp farming contributes to socio-economic development but tends to reduce the mangrove area. On the one hand, NGOs advocate balancing ecology and economy, while on the other hand, the Vietnamese government supports intensifying shrimp production. The latter strategy increases shrimp diseases and marginalises smallholders. To influence the opinions, knowledge and behaviour of shrimp farmers, we developed and tested a serious board game.
Approach: Through several iterations, we designed a realistic board game mimicking local shrimp farming. Then, after conducting three sessions of gameplay with farmers in three sites, we assessed how this gameplay influenced players. We used a semi-experimental set-up by collecting data on the day of the gameplay, and on two further time-points.
Findings: After the gameplays, farmers reported to have learned about the risks of monoculture-intensive-shrimp system and the advantages of hybrid systems. Likert ratings showed that players adopted innovations faster and, in case of shrimp diseases, consulted commercial service-providers less, but with other farmers more. They confirmed to have learned that the best strategy for them would be to adopt hybrid systems, i.e. intensify part of the area of mixed-mangrove or improved-extensive shrimp farms.
Theoretical implications: Realistic board games can create opportunities for social learning and training of groups which are not always easy to reach. Practical implications: Board games can support transfer of knowledge and skills to farmers, and can develop their critical thinking.
Creation: The findings that board games are effective in the context of a top-down extension systems offer value opportunities.
Keywords: Coastal zone; mangrove; learning; training; extension; communication


The start of a new year invites us to reflect on what went well in the past year and what in our life could benefit from some improvement. It’s a great time for thinking about our goals and our vision of what we want to accomplish throughout this year.
Goal setting is an important process for high school students starting the college application journey. It allows students to focus on their aspirations and work towards achieving them, while also providing a sense of direction and motivation.
Here are some tips on how you can set and work towards your goals during the college application process:
Identify your goals: The first step in goal setting is to determine what you want to achieve. This could be getting accepted into your dream college, earning a specific scholarship, or simply getting a better understanding of the college application process.
Make your goals SMART: Once you have identified your goals, it’s important to make sure they are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound. This will help you focus your efforts and make your goals more attainable.
Create a plan: After setting your goals, the next step is to create a plan to achieve them. This might involve researching colleges, taking specific classes or extracurricular activities, or seeking out opportunities for internships or job shadowing.
Seek guidance: Don’t be afraid to seek guidance from your guidance counselor, teachers, or other mentors. They can provide valuable advice and support as you work towards your goals.
Stay motivated: The college application process can be stressful and time-consuming. It’s important to stay motivated and focused on your goals. One way to do this is to break your goals down into smaller, more manageable tasks and celebrate your achievements along the way.
By setting and working towards goals, high school students can make the college application journey a more meaningful and rewarding experience.
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Multiple Sclerosis or MS is an immune-mediated disorder. This means that the immune system, which is designed to keep your body healthy, will attack parts of the body that are needed for everyday function. When a person has MS the coverings that protect the nerve cells become damaged. This damage leads to diminished function in the spinal cord and the brain. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that has symptoms that are quite unpredictable.
The symptoms also vary in intensity. Some people with MS will experience simple numbness and fatigue, while severe cases of the disorder may cause loss of vision, diminished brain function, and paralysis. There are several early warning signs of Multiple Sclerosis. Since this disorder is often misdiagnosed or disguised as another ailment, it is important to know what type of symptoms MS poses so that you can discuss them with your doctor.
1. Vision Problems
One of the most common symptoms of Multiple 9 Cautioning Multiple Sclerosis Symptomsis problems with vision. A person who has MS may notice that they can no longer see as well as they once could. These vision issues are caused by inflammation that affects the optic nerves. This inflammation disrupts central vision. A person who has MS may suffer from double vision, blurred vision, or a complete loss of vision.
Vision issues may not be noticeable immediately because the degeneration of clear vision takes time. Some people report having pain when they look to one side along with the loss of vision. There are many ways that a person can deal with some of the vision issues that are associated with MS. Your doctor will be able to introduce you to different strategies to help you cope with vision issues that you may be struggling with due to MS.


Further knee injuries
Chondromalacia patella refers to the wearing out of the articular (soft) cartilage along the back side of the knee cap. It often occurs from an impact injury to the knee or from maltracking of the patella. Chondromalacia patella is initially treated with physical therapy, strengthening exercises and surgical intervention if there is a mechanical issue. Lubrication (viscosupplementation) injections can help dismiss the symptoms and when combined with PRP may help to create a smoother surface.
Patellar tendon injury
The patellar tendon connects the kneecap to the tibia. It becomes irritated when kneeling or cycling. It can be ruptured from a hyperflexion injury or direct impact. Rapid growth during the early teenage years sometimes leads to Osgood Schlatter's disease or pain at the insertion of the patellar tendon from a mismatch in the growth rate of the bone and the tissue, Fortunately most of the problems can be solved with careful physical therapy, soft tissue massage, anti-inflammatory treatments and sometimes growth factor injections. Sometimes the tissue underneath the tendon becomes scarred. A careful surgical release of this tissue usually solves the problem. If the tendon is fully torn, immediate surgical repair is indicated.


Tesla’s model S isn’t the world’s first autonomous system, but its super-advanced cruise control system, called Autopilot, brings it close.
As Michael Ballaban, who reviewed the system for the Jalopnik.com website writes:
Autopilot, if it isn’t a full autonomous system, is simple enough in execution. It won’t drive you to your ultimate destination, it won’t make navigational turns without your input, and it doesn’t know what the traffic light or the sign in front of you says. So think of it less like an autonomous system, and rather more like the ultimate execution of cruise control. It uses a forward-looking radar, a front-facing camera, 12 ultrasonic sensors, and GPS to make sure everything stays on the road, and it seems to work well enough using those.
Originally published by Cosmos as Putting Tesla’s Autopilot through its paces on the streets of NYC
Bill Condie is a science journalist based in Adelaide, Australia.
Read science facts, not fiction...
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Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been widely used for infertility treatment, but many people have concern about their baby’s health. The objective of this chapter is to provide some detailed data about the effect of ART on human birth babies by analyzing the data from in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers in two countries. All recent records related to a baby’s birth including mother’s age, gestational days, baby’s sex, and birth weight data were collected and analyzed according to fresh or frozen embryo transfer procedure. Normal delivery data without ART were used as control. The result showed that ART patient age is significantly older than non-IVF women; the gestation of fresh and frozen embryo transfer is the same as normal spontaneous conception gestation days, but women pregnant with multiple gestations have shorter gestational period and early birth rate as well as low birth weight; and there is no significant difference in the baby’s weight between ART singleton babies and normal conception babies, but male babies weight is more than female babies, and multiple gestation’s birth weights are significantly lower than singletons, while frozen embryo transfer babies have significantly heavier birth weight than fresh embryo transfer. Also, the frozen embryo transfer technique may significantly decrease premature birth rate. Thus, frozen embryo transfer may be recommended as a health strategy in ART.
Part of the book: Embryology


From the TVO Today article
Opioids have killed almost 10,000 people in Ontario over the past five years, according to data from Ontario’s Office of the Chief Coroner. Nearly 3,000 people died of confirmed or probable opioid-related causes in 2021 alone — a figure that equates to roughly eight people per day — the highest rate of fatal opioid overdoses ever recorded in the province.
Opioid-related deaths have been on the rise in Ontario for more than a decade, but there has been a “significant rise” in unintentional opioid-related deaths during the pandemic, according to a January report from Public Health Ontario. The report says this is due in part to increased social isolation and reduced access to health-care services and community-based programs for people who use drugs.
Experts say more can be done to reduce fatalities and manage the province’s ongoing opioid crisis.
“We can’t forget that behind these numbers are the lives of people that have been lost, often very early in life, from an avoidable cause,” says Tara Gomes, a researcher with Unity Health Toronto.
The PHO report compares two separate time periods: the pre-pandemic period from March 17, 2019, through to December 31, 2019, in which 1,017 people in Ontario died from opioid-related causes; and the pandemic period, from March 17, 2020, to December 31, 2020, in which that number jumped to 1,808.


To unite the Métis people and to promote the historical values, culture, language, and traditions of the Métis Nation.
To secure the future of the Métis way of life through the
education of our youth.
To promote our Métis artisans, businesses and cultural achievements.
By assisting the Métis citizens to reclaim their heritage,
distinct from all other Aboriginal people in Canada, as stated under
Section 35 of the Constitutional Act, 1982
By providing our citizens with assistance in identifying themselves as Métis citizens.
By promoting research through genealogical documentation
throughout the Niagara Region through the registry.
By encouraging participation of all individuals to seek out their
heritage and encourage community development.
By educating our youth in the history, culture, language,
and traditions of the Métis.
By gaining the acknowledgment and respect of the
Métis, as a Nation and a people.
Prior to Canada’s crystallization as a nation, a new Aboriginal people emerged out of the relations of Indian women and European men. While the initial offspring of these Indian and European unions were individuals who simply possessed mixed ancestry, subsequent intermarriages between these mixed ancestry children resulted in the genesis of a new Aboriginal people with a distinct identity, culture and consciousness in west central North America – the Métis Nation.
This Métis people were connected through the highly mobile fur trade network, seasonal rounds, extensive kinship connections and a collective identity (i.e., common culture, language, way of life, etc.). Distinct Métis settlements emerged throughout what was then called “the Northwest”. In Ontario, historic Métis settlements emerged along the rivers and watersheds of the province, surrounding the Great Lakes and throughout to the northwest of the province. These settlements formed regional Metis communities in Ontario that are an indivisible part of the Metis Nation.


When teachers are called on to work with children and families remotely, project work can be a welcome addition to the teacher’s toolbox for a variety of reasons. It is engaging, motivating, flexible, and, if the right topic is selected, families already have all the materials they will need at their fingertips!
For example, the teacher might start a project investigation about things most people have in their homes, such as shoes, water, hats, blankets, or things to sit on. Insects, birds, plants, trees, doors, windows, gardening, or rocks also might be useful project topics—all with materials located right outside the family’s home.
The teacher can provide suggested activities to family members who are going to help the child with the investigation. For example, in a project on shoes, she could ask children to investigate sizes, colors, closures (e.g., laces, Velcro, slip-ons), and materials that shoes are made from.
They could collect data by counting, measuring, and drawing shoes or even doing rubbings of the soles (by turning the shoe upside down, laying a piece of paper on the sole, and rubbing a crayon over it to re-create the sole’s pattern).
With a little assistance, they could survey extended family members through e-mail or phone calls. For example, they might ask their grandparents if they have ever had their shoes repaired, or they might ask their aunts what color shoes they have in their closets. Or they could gather data for a graph that shows how many people in their family wear particular shoe sizes.
Children could make up and illustrate nonfiction and fiction stories about shoes to share with their classmates. Teachers can take advantage of these kinds of rich, long-term investigations to integrate math, language arts, science, social studies, and arts lessons.
- Project Example: “Where Does the Water Go?” Investigating Pipes and Plumbing
- Project Example: Garden Project Sprouts From Simple Question: “What’s That?”
- Project Example: Discovering the World of Insects on the Playground


QUESTION TEXT: Politician: My opponents argue that the future…
QUESTION TYPE: Complete the Argument
ARGUMENTS: The politician says he will not compromise in order to work together with his opponents. The city’s founding fathers warned against compromising the city’s principles.
The critic points out that the politician is misusing a key term. The logical completion is compromise.
ANALYSIS: In the first sense, compromise means “giving up something to get something you want.” In the second sense it means “betray.” The founding fathers were not warning people against working together. That’s silly.
- The use of betray was clear: be a traitor to the city.
- Common was clear: That which we share.
- CORRECT. Compromise was not clear: The opponents were talking about working together. The leaders accused them of wanting to betray the city.
- “Principles” is clear: ideals.
- “Opponents” is clear: People you are working against.
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α Hydri (alpha Hydri)
α Hydri is a hypergiant star in the constellation of Hydrus.
α Hydri visual magnitude is 2.86. Thanks to its high brightness, α Hydri is clearly visible when observed from locations with dark skyes, and should be also quite easily visible from light polluted areas.
The table below summarizes the key facts about α Hydri:
Celestial coordinates and finder chart of α Hydri
α Hydri is situated south of the celestial equator, as such, it is more easily visible from the southern hemisphere. Celestial coordinates for the J2000 equinox as well as galactic coordinates of α Hydri are provided in the following table:
The simplified sky map below shows the position of α Hydri in the sky:
Visibility of α Hydri from your location
Location: Greenwich, United Kingdom
Latitude: 51° 28’ 47” N
Longitude: 0° 00’ 00” E
α Hydri (alpha Hydri) is currently not visible from Greenwich, United Kingdom
Digitized Sky Survey image of α Hydri
The image below is a photograph of α Hydri from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 (DSS2 - see the credits section) taken in the red channel. The area of sky represented in the image is 0.5x0.5 degrees (30x30 arcmins). The proper motion of α Hydri is 0.264 arcsec per year in Right Ascension and 0.027 arcsec per year in Declination and the associated displacement for the next 1000 years is represented with the red arrow.
Distance of α Hydri from the Sun and relative movement
α Hydri is distant 71.27 light years from the Sun and it is moving far from the Sun at the speed of 1 kilometers per second.
Spectral properties of α Hydri
α Hydri belongs to spectral class F0 and has a luminosity class of V corresponding to a hypergiant star.
The red dot in the diagram below shows where α Hydri is situated in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.


Did you know in the US 40% of the food we produce is wasted? This waste stems from food waste at home to food at the grocery store being tossed because it is not aesthetically pleasing. Here are some tricks to help eliminate food waste in your life.
Food waste at home:
- Plan meals ahead of time.
- Grocery shop with a list.
- Store food properly.
- Save and eat leftovers.
- Manage your proportions.
- Compost leftover food.
- Keep track of what you throw away as a reference on how to reduce it in the future.
- Canning is a great way to preserve food, especially fruit. It can increase shelf life by months.
Food waste in your community:
- Support local businesses that use sustainable practices, such as composting food scraps or donating extra food.
- Encourage local grocery stores to donate their extra food.
- If you are at a local restaurant that does not compost, take your food scraps home and put them in your compost bin.
- Treat expiration and sale by dates as guidelines, not rules.
Say “No” to trash!
- Find a local community program or collection program for your food scraps.
- Use more of the food you buy. Transform carrot tops, broccoli stems, bread crust, and more into delicious dishes.
- Don’t be afraid to talk about food waste.
Join us on Friday, September 21 at 6:30 PM to talk more about food waste. Bring your friends and social change influencers for an exclusive film screening of “Wasted! The Story of Food Waste.” The film shows how food waste directly contributes to climate change and how small changes can solve one of the biggest problems of the 21st Century. Free Tiny But Mighty Popcorn and toppings provided in bulk from New Pioneer Co-op. Assorted beverages will be available for purchase.
After the film a panel of special guests will talk about food waste in the Corridor and what we can do to influence change. Panelists include: City of Cedar Rapids Sustainability Coordinator Eric Holthaus, Field to Family Food Hub Manager Giselle Bruskewitz, New Pioneer Food Co-op Marketing Specialist Genie Maybanks, Table to Table Executive Director Nicki Ross, and Linn County Solid Waste Agency Education Director Jason Evans.
Doors open at 6:30PM. The film starts at 7PM, with a panel discussion immediately following.


Linsey Haram/SERC Marine Invasions Lab
Scientists studying a giant collection of plastic trash floating in the middle of the open ocean have found some unexpected inhabitants: dozens of marine species that usually stick close to the coast.
Among the plastic debris, the researchers found all kinds of nonnative species, from anemones to worms to little crustaceans.
“To find that many coastal species on a relatively small sample size was shocking,” says Linsey Haram, a marine ecologist who did this research while working at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center…
Haram and her colleagues made this discovery after examining 105 items of debris collected from an area known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This region between Hawaii and California has become a giant garbage soup, because currents drag in floating debris that accumulates over time.
Haram and her colleagues decided to sample some of the garbage out in the Pacific, with the help of a nonprofit called The Ocean Cleanup, which had gone out to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in November of 2018 and January of 2019.
Examining the trash back in the lab, researchers found hundreds of marine invertebrate specimens – and 80% of the species were coastal.
Read the details. Fascinating stuff. For an old New England beachcomber [relocated decades ago] not all that surprising. Still, the size and effect of these changes is something I must learn more about.


Mauna Loa, the world’s largest and most active volcano, began shooting smoke ash into the air and orange lava down the terrains of Hawaii’s major island on Monday.
At around 11:30 p.m., lava began spewing from Moku’weoweo, the caldera peak of Mauna Loa volcano.
When the volcano erupted, the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency issued a red warning, claiming that the pyroclastic flows were limited inside the summit region and did not harm the slope settlements.
Three hours later, the agency told the public that shelters had opened at Old Kona Airport in Kailua-Kona and Kau Gymnasium in Pahala, and that lava activity remained limited to the top.
The County Civil Defense drew data from the US Geological Survey, which has been following the eruption since it began.
USGS advised residents of Hawaii that eruptions were dynamic and that lava flows might vary quickly, advising them to expect for worsening conditions.
Mauna Loa is one of five volcanoes that comprise the island of Hawaii, which is located at the southern end of the Hawaiian chain.
The volcano has a peak elevation of 13,670 feet above sea level, and when it erupted in 1950, lava from the mountain traveled 15 miles to the coast in less than three hours.
It last erupted in 1984, spitting lava for 20 days. The explosion on Sunday night ended the volcano’s longest spell of silence in recorded history.