Features of the corner radar sensor
Thanks to its long range, outstanding angular resolution, and wide beam angle, the corner radar sensor detects objects and people quickly, accurately, and reliably. The new chirp-sequence modulation feature improves the sensor’s perception thanks to the greater detail provided by the reflected signal. This enables the radar sensor to detect objects and their position, the relative speed, and the direction of motion with extremely high accuracy. Equipped with these capabilities, the sensor helps to make driving safer and more comfortable and convenient. It is ideal for monitoring the area behind and in front of the vehicle on the highway as well as in busy city traffic, e.g. at complex intersections. The sensor can warn the driver as and when required and can even initiate an emergency stop.
Corner radar sensors can therefore, for example, help the driver “see” what is happening within the vehicle’s blind spot. And if the driver starts a lane-change maneuver, the system will provide assistance in the form of visual, acoustic or haptic alerts. But not only that: in parking situations, the corner radar sensors help the driver to detect and keep an eye on other road users. The rear cross-traffic alert system uses the radar sensors to alert the driver to traffic passing by behind the vehicle when reversing out of a parking space. And when a person inside the vehicle opens a door, the car exit warning system uses the corner radar sensors to detect any road users approaching from behind and provides an early warning of the risk of a collision.


The American tradition of service is alive and well. In California, volunteers and paid fellows will be tackling the climate crisis.
The new California Climate Action Corps creates 300 fellowships across the state. Fellows in local communities will work with the California government to develop and implement climate action projects.
The statewide citizen corps for climate action is the first of its kind in the United States, California officials say, and it empowers communities to solve some of the world’s most pressing issues, including the climate crisis.
“We must harness the power of our most important asset, the 40 million people who call California home,” Chief Service Officer for the State of California Josh Fryday said during a Foreign Press Center briefing May 6. “And we must engage everybody to be a part of the solution.”
The first round of fellows will work on increasing tree canopy cover, bolstering wildfire protection and reducing food waste. The fellows will be deployed across the state, from rural communities to urban centers.
The state will also launch an online search engine of volunteer activities so all California residents can find opportunities in their communities. “You’ll be able to put in your zip code and find an organization near you that you can sign up to volunteer [for],” said Fryday.
A decades-old historical precedent
The California Climate Action Corps follows in the footsteps of the 1930s Civilian Conservation Corps, launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a part of the New Deal program, and the California Conservation Corps, founded in 1976. Both relied on Americans to step up and make a difference in their communities by tackling infrastructure, forestry and land maintenance.
“Service and volunteering and civic action has the potential to bring people together from all different backgrounds and perspectives to solve problems around a common mission,” said Fryday.
“Our hope is to empower people to be able to take action in their own community and work side by side with people of all backgrounds to get things done.”


Comparative evaluation of dental caries experience using CAST index and WHO criteria among 5 and 15-year-old schoolchildren
Background. CAST (Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment) index is a relatively new caries assessment tool that hierarchically describes the entire caries spectrum. Its comparability with WHO (World Health Organization) criteria in different populations and age groups needs to be investigated.
Objective. The objective of this study was to assess caries among 5 and 15-year-old schoolchildren using the CAST index and WHO criteria and to compare both indices on the basis of caries experience and examination time.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 553 schoolchildren aged 5 and 15 years in the North zone of Bengaluru city, India. Examiners underwent training and calibration for performing the CAST index. The first examination was performed using the CAST index followed by a second examination using the WHO criteria 2013, after some days. Time taken for examination was also recorded.
Results. The study sample consisted of 279 five-year-old and 274 fifteen-year-old schoolchildren. The difference in caries experience among 5 and 15-year-old children assessed using the CAST index (52%, 45.6%) and WHO criteria (42.3%, 24.5%) were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The average examination time was longer for the CAST index (93.77±24.77 seconds and 105.04±9.49 seconds) when compared to WHO criteria (61.05±15.91 seconds and 58.72±9.42 seconds) for primary and permanent dentition (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. Though the CAST index took a longer examination time, the information obtained was more precise and facilitated researchers in treatment planning encompassing prevention of initial lesions, restoration, and rehabilitation.


Photo: Amanda Perobelli
Fires that swept across South America’s Pantanal wetlands in 2020 burned thousands of square kilometres of critical jaguar habitat and may threaten the big cats’ long-term survival, new research reveals.
Source: Fires in S. America’s Pantanal harmed jaguar population, threaten survival – study
Discover this land of bustling wildlife, ferocious fires, and ‘flying rivers’ – and learn how we can protect it.
Source: The Pantanal: the most beautiful place you’ve never heard of
The Unesco World Heritage Area contains the highest concentration of wildlife on the continent.
Source: Inside Brazil’s Pantanal: The largest tropical wetland in the world
Among the easiest place to watch wildlife in South America, the Pantanal wetlands in Brazil can be visited from four sides. Here’s how.
Source: The Pantanal – 4 Gateways to the world’s largest inland wetlands (Brazil)
Imagine a Haor bigger than Bangladesh. It fills with water during the rains and empties in dry season. This is the Pantanal, one of the world’s great wilderness areas. It is a wetland in Brazil’s Mato Grosso state that extends into Bolivia and Paraguay. Covering between 54,000 and 75,000 square miles, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized for its ecological diversity.
Source: The Pantanal
Brazil – Pantanal Conservation Area
At more than 49.4 million acres, the Pantanal is the largest and one of the most pristine wetlands in the world.
Source: 5 interesting facts about the Pantanal, the world’s largest wetland
Spanning Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia and home to 4,700 species, the Pantanal wetlands are under threat from deforestation and agriculture. But local people are taking on the challenge to protect this unique region.


Course Hero. "Out of Africa Study Guide." Course Hero. 23 Sep. 2016. Web. 2 June 2023. <https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Out-of-Africa/>.
Course Hero. (2016, September 23). Out of Africa Study Guide. In Course Hero. Retrieved June 2, 2023, from https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Out-of-Africa/
(Course Hero, 2016)
Course Hero. "Out of Africa Study Guide." September 23, 2016. Accessed June 2, 2023. https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Out-of-Africa/.
Course Hero, "Out of Africa Study Guide," September 23, 2016, accessed June 2, 2023, https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Out-of-Africa/.
Out of Africa is told from the first-person point of view. The speaker is Baroness Karen Blixen, a romantic figure who, from 1917 to 1931, managed hundreds of workers and squatters in East Africa on 6,000 acres, including a coffee plantation, grasslands, and native forest.
Out of Africa is written in the past tense.
The title, Out of Africa, affirms that Karen Blixen, who took the pseudonym Isak Dinesen, was shaped by her experiences and, in this sense, born out of Africa. It also reflects the nostalgia of a memoir published six years after the end of her sojourn in her beloved adopted land.
This study guide and infographic for Isak Dinesen's Out of Africa offer summary and analysis on themes, symbols, and other literary devices found in the text. Explore Course Hero's library of literature materials, including documents and Q&A pairs.


Are we Seeing Signals from Before the Big Bang?
Recent results from WMAP and Planck
International Max-Planck Research School
23. November 2013
“Sir Roger Penrose, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford is a globally recognized mathematical physicist with outstanding contributions to mathematics, physics and neuroscience. Among his most recognizable contributions are the ´Penrose Mechanism´, which predicts the energy extraction from rotating black holes and his work on the connection of human consciousness to the fundamental laws of physics.
In his lecture he will focus on the conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC), initially proposed in 2005, that takes what we currently regard as the entire history of the Universe, from its Big-Bang origin (but without any inflationary phase) to its final exponential expansion, to be but one aeon of a continual succession of such aeons.
The big bang of each is taken to be a conformal continuation of the exponentially expanding remote future of the previous one via an infinite metric rescaling. A positive cosmological constant (dark energy) and some primordial scalar material (dark matter) are both essential to CCC’s consistency.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics is CCC’s driving concept, and its consistency depends upon information loss in the quantum evaporation of black holes. Supermassive black hole encounters in the aeon previous to ours would have important observational implications for CCC, detectable within the cosmic microwave background. Recent evidence for this in both the WMAP and Planck satellite data will be presented.”
Source : www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/1543398/poster_rp.pdf
Source : www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/1543386/press_rp.pdf


Mathematics at Chapel Break Infant School
Mathematics is a creative and highly inter-connected discipline that has been developed over centuries, providing the solution to some of history’s most intriguing problems. It is essential to everyday life, critical to science, technology and engineering, and necessary for financial literacy and most forms of employment. A high-quality mathematics education therefore provides a foundation for understanding the world, the ability to reason mathematically, an appreciation of the beauty and power of mathematics, and a sense of enjoyment and curiosity about the subject. – National Curriculum 2014
The national curriculum for mathematics aims to ensure that all pupils become fluent, reason mathematically and can solve problems.
Chapel Break Infant KS1 Maths Curriculum
Chapel Break Infant EYFS Maths Curriculum
Chapel Break Mathematics - Intent, Implementation and Impact statement
How can you help your child at home?
Your child may be learning methods in mathematics which differ from those you remember learning. You will be supporting your child if you continue to support the same methods they are being taught at school. Please see the above links to the calculation policy and ask your child to show you what they have been doing too. Making maths fun and lots of praise and encouragement will help to keep your child motivated.
The links below give some ideas on:


Use Surface Types to get an idea of what kind of terrain you'll encounter before setting off on your next adventure, so you can plan better routes and know in advance if it's the right trip for you. Never worry about being over or under biked again!
Surface Types is a free feature that is available to all Starter, Basic, and Premium subscribers.
Surface Type Definitions
- Paved - Paved surfaces include asphalt, concrete, tarmac, and chip seal. These are indicated with a solid line.
- Unpaved - Unpaved surfaces include gravel, dirt, and natural/unimproved trails. These are indicated with a dashed line.
- Unknown - Paths are indicated as "unknown" if surface type data in the area is insufficient to determine surface type. Unknown surface types are indicated with an outlined white line.
Surface Types in the Route Planner
As you plan a route using Ride with GPS, you'll see surface types indicated along your track line, and in the elevation profile. Surface type breakdowns will be indicated on saved routes, and visible to anyone who has access to the route.
Surface Types on a Route
- Click Settings in the upper right corner of the web route planner > Uncheck the Surfaces option to disable surfaces in the map.
- Click the Surfaces button in the elevation profile to disable surfaces in the elevation profile.
Edit Route Surface Type
- Click and drag within the elevation profile, to select the section of the route you’d like to edit.
- In the Selection Tools menu, click Change Surface.
- Select Paved or Unpaved > Change Surface.
- Save your route.
Note: When you manually edit surface type information on a route, the update will only be reflected on the route you edited, not on future routes. You can update surface type information permanently if you edit the area in OSM, which is our underlying source of map data.
Edit Underlying Surface Type Data
We rely on data from OpenStreetMap (OSM), an open-source mapping service of the entire world, for Surfaces and can only update our surface type information when they do so. If you notice that a surface has been incorrectly categorized and would like for it to be updated, you can contribute the correct surface type information directly to OSM. Please see our detailed help page about OSM to learn how to do so.


deprecate (verb) – disapprove, belittle (make fun of something)
deprecating (adjective) – critical, disapproving, belittling (making fun of something)
deprecatingly (adverb) – critically, disapprovingly, making fun of something
self-deprecating (adjective) – modest and critical about yourself, especially in a humorous way
Here are some examples of how you can use deprecating and self-deprecating:
Try not to deprecate his study habits so much. All ways lead to Rome.
That politician surely will not be voted into office if he continues deprecating his voters as “stupid people.”
Were you hurt by his deprecating remark about your “little” career?
I can still remember when that awful teacher asked me in a deprecating tone: “And what exactly did you mean to say in your essay?”
Shaking his head deprecatingly, the coach mumbled something about the lack of talent amongst his pupils.
Gino and Astrid are always so self-deprecating about their progress in English, saying they are hopeless, while in fact they’re the best students in the class!


Proposition: 7.13: Proportional Numbers are Proportional Alternately
(Proposition 13 from Book 7 of Euclid's “Elements”)
If four numbers are proportional then they will also be proportional alternately.
* Let the four numbers $A$, $B$, $C$, and $D$ be proportional, (such that) as $A$ (is) to $B$, so $C$ (is) to $D$.
* I say that they will also be proportional alternately, (such that) as $A$ (is) to $C$, so $B$ (is) to $D$.
In modern notation, this proposition states that if \[\frac AB=\frac CD,\] then \[\frac AC=\frac BD.\]
Table of Contents
Proofs: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Thank you to the contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0!
Adapted from (subject to copyright, with kind permission)
- Fitzpatrick, Richard: Euclid's "Elements of Geometry"
Adapted from CC BY-SA 3.0 Sources:
- Prime.mover and others: "Pr∞fWiki", https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Main_Page, 2016


Each spring, yellow dust migrates from China’s interior to the nation’s east coast. The first such storm struck eastern China in mid-March 2009, according to news reports. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this image of eastern China on March 15, 2009. The dust forms an amorphous blob in this image, hiding part of the Bo Hai coastline, and completely hiding the city of Beijing (slightly northwest of image center). Isolated red dots indicate where MODIS detected fires. The fires may contribute some smoke to the haze, but the plume’s tan color suggests that it consists primarily of dust.
Agence France-Presse reported that Chinese authorities predicted especially severe dust storms for the spring of 2009 because northern China and Mongolia had suffered the worst drought in 50 years. Northerly winds also played a role in the mid-March storm by kicking up dust from work sites in Beijing.
In 2005, scientists warned (in the journal Nature) that China’s dust storm season was getting worse for a variety of reasons, including desertification and human-exacerbated drought. From A.D. 300 to 1949, northwestern China experienced an average of one dust storm every 31 years. After 1990, the rate increased to a dust storm almost every year.
NASA image courtesy MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center. Caption by Michon Scott.


The image above is from a holiday snap in 1958. The one below of more recent times.
The colour change from pristine blue to murky yellow-green is thanks to tourists who, over the years have thrown coins, rocks and rubbish into the spring.
According a study by researchers from Montana State University and Germany’s Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences the objects clogged up an underwater vent which then caused the water temperature to cool, allowing pigmented bacteria to thrive.
A general relationship between shallow water temperature (hence microbial mat composition) and observed colours was confirmed in this study. However, colour patterns observed in deeper segments of the pool are caused more by absorption and scattering of light in the water.
These characteristics — mats having greater effect on colour in shallow water, and absorption and scattering winning out in the deeper areas — are consistent across all the measured pools.
The spring has always left an impression on those who have seen it. The researchers quote a member of the 1871 Hayden Expedition report:
“…nothing ever conceived by human art could equal the peculiar vividness and delicacy of color of these remarkable prismatic springs”
The research was carried out through measurements using handheld spectrometers, digital SLR cameras for visible images and long wave infra-red thermal imaging cameras for non-contact measurement of the water temperatures.
Originally published by Cosmos as Yellowstone’s famous spots have changed
Bill Condie is a science journalist based in Adelaide, Australia.
Read science facts, not fiction...
There’s never been a more important time to explain the facts, cherish evidence-based knowledge and to showcase the latest scientific, technological and engineering breakthroughs. Cosmos is published by The Royal Institution of Australia, a charity dedicated to connecting people with the world of science. Financial contributions, however big or small, help us provide access to trusted science information at a time when the world needs it most. Please support us by making a donation or purchasing a subscription today.


Real-time observations of benthic ocean chemistry on two coral reefs in west Hawaiʻi
Ocean acidification represents a shift in the fundamental chemical balance of the oceans. Acidification is driven by carbon dioxide from human use of fossil fuels and agricultural activities dissolving in surface seawater, causing chemical reactions that reduce the pH of seawater. Exposure to lower pH can affect physiology as well as calcification rates in many benthic organisms, including coral. A baseline measure of ocean acidification from the seafloor, where our reefs are growing, is needed to effectively evaluate inter-annual differences or climate related changes. Carbon dioxide dynamics were assessed at three sites: Hōnaunau-Keei, Pelekane Bay-Puakō, and Wai‘ōpae. A benthic observatory was deployed to measure temperature, salinity, oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH to study fundamental processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification occurring on reefs. At all sites, aragonite saturation, a measure of how easily organisms can produce calcium carbonate, was lower than typical open ocean conditions, and lower on average than at most coral reef sites worldwide. At Wai‘ōpae, greater daily variability of pH reflects more vigorous carbon cycling. Changes in management to reduce the acidity of groundwater inputs or increase herbivory on the reef could help stabilize these conditions, benefitting the corals. In fact, the quality of groundwater flowing into to the coastal ocean statewide could be managed better. The inputs typically have less total inorganic carbon than seawater, creating conditions that make it difficult for organisms in the coastal waters to precipitate calcium carbonate. Coral reefs on Hawai‘i Island are currently exposed to ocean acidification conditions that previous predictions suggested would not occur for 40 more years. Statewide measurements of total inorganic carbon at the reef and in groundwater are needed as a part of regular water quality monitoring to determine how conditions change over seasonal time scales and to assess the impact of acidification on reefs.
Related 2017 USGS Chapter: “Baseline and Projected Future Aquatic Carbon Fluxes to Nearshore Waters in Hawai‘i”
Assistant Professor of Marine Science, UH Hilo
Professor of Marine Science, UH Hilo


Our journey will start from Maleme. Maleme is best known as a landing site for German paratroopers invading Crete in 1941, at the start of the Battle of Crete (Operation Mercury) during World War II. The paratroopers captured the airstrip, which was located just outside the town. Once captured, this airstrip allowed the Germans to airlift in the reinforcements. Many of the paratroopers lost their lives in the attack and are buried in the German war cemetery located on a hill above Maleme.
In the area of “Vlites”, west from the gulf of Souda, lie the graves of the ally soldiers who fell in battle during WW2. The cemetery was constructed after the war to contain the remains of all the Common State soldiers that fell in the Cretan battlefields and to express the gratitude of the Greek people. It contains the remains of: 862 persons from the United Kingdom, 5 persons from Canada, 197 persons from Australia, 446 persons from New Zealand, 9 persons from South Africa, 1 person from India, 7 persons from other ethnicities; a total of 1527 persons.
Our last stop would be the German Tunnels in Platanias. Locals say that when the Germans occupied the island, due to the strategic position of Platanias village, they settled infantry and artillery and for storing ammunition and other supplies they built underground tunnels in various positions. The most important of these tunnels is the one below the church of Agios Dimitrios.
During the Battle of Crete, a wounded German pilot was carried in Platanias, but succumbed to his severe injuries. In fear of harsh reprisals by the Germans, he was buried in a rough grave next to the church. Unfortunately this point was later chosen by the German officer for starting the construction of the shelter. The Church Commissioner at that time Michael Stamatakis invoked the sanctity of an olive tree located at the entrance of the tunnels to persuade the Germans to move the starting point 3 meters away, in order not to reveal the secret.


While melody, rhythm, and harmony are important emotional triggers in music, there has been little consideration of timbre. The authors designed a series of listening tests to compare the emotionality of sounds from eight wind and bowed stringed instruments. The violin, trumpet, and clarinet were best at evoking the emotions of happy, joyful, heroic, and comic. Conversely, the horn and flute evoked the emotions of sad and depressed. The oboe was emotionally neutral. Emotions correlated with average spectral centroid and spectral centroid deviation. The results suggest that the even/odd harmonic ratio is perhaps the most salient timbral feature after attack time and brightness. This research has direct implications for musicians and audio engineers who are doing orchestration for such applications as computer games, film sound, and stage music.
Wu, Bin; Horner, Andrew; Lee, Chung
Affiliations: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong; The Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore (See document for exact affiliation information.)
JAES Volume 62 Issue 10 pp. 663-675; October 2014
Publication Date: November 4, 2014
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Prevention against phishing attacks has become more and more essential as attacks have become an increasingly recurring practice. Throughout the web, phishing attacks attract numerous victims who hand over important information such as bank account or credit card details, because in many situations it is difficult to detect that it is really an attack.
What is Phishing?
Phishing is a form of cyber attack by hackers and its main objective is to obtain personal and confidential information or data - such as passwords - that allow access to internal networks of companies and organizations or private networks. By obtaining this type of information, hackers can access restricted areas within the network or install control software, resulting in identity theft and financial losses for businesses.
Attacks are usually carried out by email or text message that look like an official or legitimate source.
One of the methods to prevent phishing attacks is to identify some aspects, because although phishing emails and sites are similar to emails or sites from safe and reliable sources, there are several differences that can identify if it is a phishing attack, such as the company name being incorrect, similar domains but with small differences, occasional pop-ups, spelling errors, request for personal and confidential information, email structure and formatting mismatch.
Investment in training from companies or organizations allows employees to be aware of the seriousness of this type of attack. Through prevention it becomes easier to identify phishing messages in order to avoid security problems in business.
Investing in solid security plans with regular updates is fundamental. Quality antivirus and controlled access to the various areas of internal networks are effective methods to prevent hacker access to systems and maintain the safety of data. In this way, companies protect important information and are not blackmailed into paying large sums of money to retrieve their data and information.
Phishing attacks can be particularly dangerous if no action is taken and not handled properly, and can cause significant losses to an employee and/or the entire business. By disseminating information to raise employee awareness, this type of attack can be prevented or properly handled if it occurs.


Eat more fibre to reduce diabetes risk
Type 2 diabetes is becoming one of the fastest growing diseases in the industrialised world, largely due to our lifestyles. Diabetes is a strong risk factor for heart disease and can cause devastating side effects such as blindness, diseases necessitating amputation and kidney failure.
Eating a good diet can reduce the risk of developing diabetes, and a recent study from Norway and the UK suggests that a high intake of dietary fibre reduced the risk by 18%, particulary fibre available from wholegrains and cereals. This is possibly because fibre is known to help keep our weight stable and has many beneficial properties. Firstly, fibre slows the release the sugars into the blood, which keeps a nice even blood sugar level preventing spikes and troughs in insulin. Secondly, fibre has a role in satiety, keeping us feeling fuller longer and less likely to snack between meals. Fibre (particularly from oats) has shown to control blood cholesterol, another known risk factor for heart disease.
You can read more about this study here.
This study showed that a minimum of 26g of fibre a day had a protective effect, and the following are rich sources:
– wholewheat bread
– nuts and seeds
– lentils and pulses
– oats, oat porridge
– brown rice
Seb is a writer and blogger of food and nutrition. He holds a bachelors and a masters degree in nutrition science, and has studied sports and exercise nutrition at postgraduate level. He specialises in plant-based nutrition and believes passionately that we can all live with a little less meat.


Meteor: Soviet hydrofoil jet
On May 19, 1959, the project was approved. In October, the first experimental hydrofoil vessel Meteor was launched, sea trials of which took place from November 1, 1959, to November 17, 1959. During sea trials, the first Meteor, built at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, traveled from Gorky to Feodosia and was left there for the winter.
In the spring of May 9, 1960, the first Meteor set out on its way back from Feodosia and, on May 14, 1960, arrived in Gorky. In June 1960, the Meteor was presented to N. S. Khrushchev.
The aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev, who was present simultaneously, was impressed by the Meteor and asked R. E. Alekseev to manage the ship jointly.
Next was “Meteor-2”. The ship became part of the Volga United Shipping Company of the MRF of the RSFSR. One of its captains was the famous pilot Hero of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Devyatayev, who, during the Great Patriotic War, could escape from captivity by stealing an enemy bomber.
A. M. Gorky in Tatarstan. Serial production of “Meteors” was launched at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant. More than 400 ships of this series were built from 1961 to 1999, and two units in 2006.
By 2007, the line for producing “Meteors” at the plant was dismantled, and cavern-planning motor ships of the new A45-1 project were laid down.
In the 2010s, several Meteors were modernized at the manufacturing plant and in St. Petersburg. However, by now, most of the units of the series have undergone mass decommissioning. Their places of operation, instead of being almost ubiquitous on large rivers and lakes, have become extremely limited.
Production: Krasnoye Sormovo (USSR)
Year of production: 1959-2007
Capacity: 120 persons in 3 big saloons + 3 members of crew
Power: 2 × 1000 HP
Max speed: 77 km/h
Range: 600 km
Weight: 4725 kg


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The global air quality monitoring system market size is expected to reach USD 6.5 billion by 2025, expanding at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2019 to 2025, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. There has been a significant rise in pollutants being released into the atmosphere as a result of increase in the number of automobiles and growing industrialization. In response, government and environmental agencies have implemented stringent laws and regulations regarding exhaust emissions. The use of wireless communication networks for IoT-based air quality monitoring systems (AQMS) is likely to be the future by 2025.
Government agencies and smart city authorities are implementing smart city projects that will contribute to preventing deterioration of the environment. Smart city projects in various regions are focusing on adopting advanced technologies to offer improved public amenities, which includes enhancing the quality of air in the city. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the number of shopping malls and commercial parking spaces, which will drive product demand. Growing popularity of air pollution monitoring instruments such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) instruments, mass spectrometers, and gas chromatographs is a major factor expected to drive the market.
On-going research activities for the development of satellite-based air quality monitoring systems bodes well for market growth. Satellite-based remote sensing technology is immensely promising as satellite sensors measure the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere through the interference in light reflected or emitted from the earth. The growing emphasis of technical standardization firms on the adoption of advanced measuring principles, such as the ultraviolet fluorescence measuring principle, is a key growth factor. The European Committee for Standardization specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of concentration of sulfur dioxide present in ambient air based on the ultraviolet fluorescence measuring principle.
Read more: Air Quality Monitoring System Market Size Worth $6.5 Billion by 2025


The Gospel of John represents the maturation of the Gospel -- the tail end of the process of inspiration and reflection concerning God's message to humanity through Jesus Christ. In contrast, Acts is the start of this process, it is the record of the transition of Christianity from Jewish sect to international faith. This book records the birth of the church, and the numerous crises that threatened its existence in its early years:
-- the substitution of the Holy Spirit for the personal presence of Jesus Christ. This took some getting used to. Jesus and the Spirit were not interchangeable. The Spirit's presence was less tangible and his guidance less direct than Jesus in the flesh.
-- the relation to Jewish authorities, who at first tried to stamp out the remnants of the Galileans (Acts 8:1)
-- the perils of success: large numbers of converts, the need for organization and meeting places, the establishment of policies and doctrines
-- oh my God! the Gentiles are coming!
-- Paul and the evangelization of the Gentiles.
-- relations with the Greek churches in Asia Minor and Greece.
It is apparent from this book that God gave men a lot of discretion in building His church. There are accounts of the direct intervention of God: at Pentecost, when Philip was caught up in the Spirit to meet the Ethiopian eunuch, the conversion of Saul/Paul, Peter's vision of the unclean animals, etc. Yet there are also times when God stepped back and left it up to the elders to decide what to do next: such as the appointment of the deacons (Acts 6), and disagreement over the treatment of Gentiles (Acts 15). What we see over the course of the book is an increasing separation from the movement's roots in Judaism, and a slow redefinition in Gentile terms. This process is not completed by the end of the book, but Acts marks a way station towards the unique synthesis of Jewish and Greek worldviews that we find in John's Gospel.


Overfitting and Underfitting
Overfitting (and Underfitting) is one of the central problems of Machine Learning. Essentially, Machine Learning is the learning of a function that maps a set of inputs to an optimal set of outputs.
In the example below, a function is desired that approximates the training data (the visible set of points) and that would predict as accurately as possible a new datapoint.
Underfitting: if a too-simple function is chosen (i.e. a linear function) then our line does not adequately approximate the distribution of points. We are underfitting.
Optimal fit: ideally, a just-complex-enough function is chosen to fit the dataset. In this case, a third order polynomial function is enough to adequately describe the curve that the datapoints are in. If a new datapoint was added, it would lie relatively close to our curve.
Overfitting: if an overly complex function is chosen (i.e. a 20th order polynomial function) then we can fit ALL the training data perfectly. All the points lie on the curve. However, were a new datapoint added, this model would badly err on predicting its position.
Another example of over/under fitting:
The first function underfits, the last clearly overfits.
If a model is underfitting the solution is simple: increasing the number of parameters (layers, nodes, etc...).
Overfitting is a slightly more complex issue to deal with. Reducing the number of parameters works, but oftentimes also brings total accuracy down. An alternative is implementing Dropout.


Gaming addiction classified as ‘mental health disorder’ by WHO
The WHO’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a reference bible of recognized and diagnosable diseases, describes addiction to digital and video gaming as “a pattern of persistent or recurrent gaming behavior” that becomes so extensive it “takes precedence over other life interests”.
The WHO’s expert on mental health and substance abuse, Shekhar Saxena, said an addicted gamer “loses control over the gaming and ignores other essential activities like sleep, like eating, like taking part in education or work.”
He stressed that only a small minority of people who play digital and video games would develop a problem, but said recognition of early warning signs may help prevent it.
“The very fact that we did not put gaming disorder earlier in the classification means that it’s an emerging problem and certainly it’s more common in those countries and regions where gaming is readily accessible,” he said.
Responding to the decision to including gaming addiction, the Video Games Coalition – an industry lobby group – said their products were “enjoyed safely and sensibly by more than 2 billion people worldwide” across all kinds of genres, devices and platforms.
It added that the “educational, therapeutic, and recreational value” of games was well-founded and widely recognized and urged the WHO to reconsider.
The ICD, which has been updated over the past 10 years, covers 55,000 injuries, diseases and causes of death. It forms a basis for the WHO and other experts to see and respond to trends in health.
The ICD is also used by health insurers whose reimbursements depend on ICD classifications.
This latest version – known as ICD-11 – is completely electronic for the first time, in an effort to make it more accessible to doctors and other health workers around the world.
ICD-11 also includes changes to sexual health classifications. Previous editions had categorized sexual dysfunction and gender incongruence, for example, under mental health conditions, while in ICD-11 these move to the sexual health section. The latest edition also has a new chapter on traditional medicine.
The updated ICD is scheduled to be presented to WHO member states at their annual World Health Assembly in May 2019 for adoption in January 2022, the WHO said in a statement.
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Reactivating the education of
The seeds of Global Village Project were planted in 2007 by a group of volunteers who came together to support and tutor five teenaged Afghani girls in Clarkston, Georgia. By 2009, they’d founded Global Village Project, the only school in the country dedicated to meeting the educational needs of refugee young women and preparing them for high school. As current and former educators, the founders had witnessed the specific and unique challenges facing refugee students who entered the public school system, including the task of learning English concurrently with their academic studies.
More than a decade later, these challenges persist. English Language Learners (ELLs) in Georgia graduate at a rate of just 43.9%, compared to an overall graduation rate of 72.5% for native speakers (NPR “5 Million Voices” project, 2017). On top of learning a new language, refugee students must also navigate new cultural and social settings. These barriers are especially pronounced for young women, who on average receive fewer years of schooling prior to arriving in the U.S. than their male counterparts, and who often have additional responsibilities for family support.
Recognizing these and other disparities in academic outcomes for marginalized students, the GVP model was designed from the ground up to remove the barriers to refugee girls’ learning and amplify their strengths and voices. Today, GVP continues to equip refugee learners with a holistic education that prepares them for long-term success. At the heart of our work remains our commitment to advancing educational equity, empowering and uplifting young women who will help lead us into this future.
Our Commitment to
Global Village Project values and honors Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI) and strives to practice its Guiding Principles. GVP believes that embracing diversity, equity and inclusion as organizational values will intentionally make space for positive outcomes to flourish.
The following are our Guiding Principles for DEI practice:
In addition to the Guiding Principles of DEI, we expect all of our community members to take up, teach, and model these core values:


On the 26th of January 1896 Lesley Howard LOADES drowned in the River Torrens while playing with his younger brother Edward Waller LOADES. The verdict from the inquest at the time was that it was an accidental drowning (South Australian Police Gazette).
Lesley Howard was born on the 12th February 1880 the eldest boy to Edward Waller LOADES and Margaret Ann REED. He had four sisters and one younger brother. At the time of his death he was playing with his younger brother Edward Loades.
Lesley drowned close to the collation on the river where the photo was taken. The reports in the newspaper tell us that Lesley could not swim. At the time the two boys were trying to send some dogs into the river when Lesley slipped. The reeds in the river meant that the body was not easy to recover.
“DROWNING FATALITIES.” The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, SA : 1867 – 1922) 27 January 1896: 3 (SECOND EDITION). Web. 19 Dec 2017 <http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article209056436>
The newspaper artciles provide us with a glimpse of what happened on that day in January 1896, mainly from the perspective of the rescuers rather than the family. We can only assume that the drowing and loss of his older brother had an effect on the young boy Edward. In 1921 he named his first born son Lesley Howard LOADES in remberance of his brother.
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Near-Earth objects (NEOs) that orbit the Sun on or within Earth's orbit are tricky to detect for Earth-based observers due to their proximity to the Sun in the sky. These small bodies hold clues to the dynamical history of the inner solar system as well as the physical evolution of planetesimals in extreme environments. Populations in this region include the Atira and Vatira asteroids, as well as Venus and Earth co-orbital asteroids. Here we present a twilight search for these small bodies, conducted using the 1.2 m Oschin Schmidt and the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) camera at Palomar Observatory. The ZTF twilight survey operates at solar elongations down to 35° with a limiting magnitude of r = 19.5. During a total of 40 evening sessions and 62 morning sessions conducted between 2018 November 15 and 2019 June 23, we detected six Atiras, including two new discoveries, 2019 AQ3 and 2019 LF6, but no Vatiras or Earth/Venus co-orbital asteroids. NEO population models show that these new discoveries are likely only the tip of the iceberg, with the bulk of the population yet to be found. The population models also suggest that we have only detected 5%-7% of the H < 20 Atira population over the seven month survey. Co-orbital asteroids are smaller in diameter and require deeper surveys. A systematic and efficient survey of the near-Sun region will require deeper searches and/or facilities that can operate at small solar elongations.
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Database management is a system to manage information that is essential to the company’s business operations. It involves storing data, distributing it to applications and users making edits as needed as well as monitoring changes in data and preventing data corruption due to unexpected failure. It is a component of the overall informational infrastructure of a business that aids in decision-making, corporate growth, and compliance with laws like the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.
The first database systems were created in the 1960s by Charles Bachman, IBM and others. They evolved into information management systems (IMS) which allowed massive amounts of data to be stored and retrieved for a variety of reasons. From calculating inventory to supporting complex financial accounting functions and human resource functions.
A database is tables that arrange data according to a certain pattern, for example, one-to-many relationships. It uses primary keys to identify records, and allow cross-references between tables. Each table is comprised of a variety of fields, also known as attributes, that provide information about the data entities. Relational models, developed by E. F. “Ted” Codd in the 1970s at IBM and IBM, are the most used database type today. This design is based on normalizing the data, making it more easy to use. It is also easier to update data because it does not require the changing of several databases.
The majority of DBMSs support a variety of databases, offering internal and external levels of organization. The internal level deals with the cost, scalability, and other operational issues, like the physical layout of the database. The external level is the representation of the database on user interfaces and applications. It could include a mix of different external views (based on different data models) and can also include virtual tables that are computed from generic data in order to improve performance.


Endometriosis – a condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial tissue. Endometrium is the lining layer of the uterus which sloughs off with each menstruation. If endometrial tissue flushes up the uterine tube and spills into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity), the clots of endometrial tissue can attach to abdominal organs such as the bladder, rectum, intestinal loops and then cycle along with the uterus in response to monthly changes in ovarian hormones. Bleeding into the abdomen irritates the lining membrane, the peritoneum, and causes abdominal pain.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – although males have a closed abdominal cavity, the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female reproductive tract. Bacteria can make their way up the vagina, through the uterus, and traverse the uterine tubes which open into the abdominal cavity. Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, the peritoneum, causes abdominal pain. Although there are many potential causes of PID, gonorrheal infection is one of them. Chronic Inflammation of the uterine tubes can occlude them resulting in infertility.
Prolapsed uterus – the uterus is almost directly above the vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in proper position so that it does not prolapse or herniate into the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix protruding from the vaginal opening. Surgical repair is typically required to restore the uterus to its proper anatomical position.


This 16th Century Book Can Be Read Six Different Ways
Sure, the Amazon Kindle might have dynamic font adjustments, and it can hold thousands of books, but can it do this? Printed in the late 16th century this small book from the National Library of Sweden is an example of sixfold dos-à-dos binding, where six books are conjoined into a single publication but can be read individually with the help of six perfectly placed clasps. This particular book was printed in Germany and like almost all books at the time is a religious devotional text. The National Library of Sweden has a fantastic photo collection of historical and rare books where you can find many more gems like this, and this, and this.
Update: And if you really like amazing old book discoveries, you should be following Erik Kwakkel, the Medieval book historian at Leiden University in the Netherlands, who originally unearthed this story. (via Neatorama)
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Country farm and business management is an important part of being successful in agriculture. It requires a broad variety of skills, from developing practical business projections and effectively applying business decisions to handling risks and navigating the regulatory environment.
The most effective farmers own a strong understanding of the principles of economics, and also have used these types of to maximize the economic gain of their farms’ information. https://mountaincountryfarm.com/what-is-a-data-room-learn-more-about-data-room-providers They likewise have a clear understanding of the interactions between all their resources and other factors that influence the performance with their farms.
1 . Identifying Farm building Resources
Gardening producers and farm managers are responsible pertaining to coordinating obtainable resources to increase the economic results of their own owned and manipulated resources, including land (owned and rented), capital possessions such as equipment and propagation livestock (owned, borrowed, or perhaps hired), and labor (family users and additional hired).
2 . Planning Enterprises
Arranging and taking care of available farmville farm resources to maximum the return of those resources could be challenging, specially when the administrator does not have perfect knowledge of all factors imparting farm performance. It is essential to develop and use budgets that provide an indication of how the manager’s decisions will affect the overall performance of the business.
3. Controlling Risks
Development and promoting risk could make the dependability of an enterprise’s budgets challenging to determine, even with the best estimates. However , possibility distributions on weather occurrences and prices can add insights into the reliability of enterprise prices and help to decrease the level of uncertainness.


So is there a way to harness stress to your advantage while being mindful of its detrimental long-term effects?
One key factor is to avoid, where possible, the tipping point when stress leads to burnout. Burnout, with its physical and mental harms, is especially likely when stress is chronic. In Groom’s case, while short-term spikes of stress in emergency situations may have helped him do his job better, he found night shifts gruelling. “By the end of my shifts I’d feel like I had a sleep hangover and need two days to recover,” he says. After he began exhibiting compassion fatigue, he changed his work pattern and found support from colleagues.
Another factor is the presence of control. For those who feel powerless over their situation, stress is unlikely to be beneficial. Studies show that acute, uncontrollable stress limits the functions managed by the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for working memory (and thus reasoning and decision making). But with some autonomy over stressful tasks, mice and humans alike are better able to convert that pressure into higher performance.


No surprise that all three counties – Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester – are growing in population exponentially. The City of North Charleston, located within each County, is no different. Planning to manage the future growth that the City experiences will be necessary by efficiently and judiciously promoting land use decisions that can accommodate rapid intensification of population.
Municipal Population Growth
- North Charleston, as the third largest City in South Carolina, has grown from just over 60,000 in 1982 to over 110,000 (77%) since 1980.
- Almost 40% of that growth has occurred since 2000.
- Based on a 1.7% average annual population increase experienced over the past 5 years, North Charleston’s population is projected to grow another 45%, reaching over 160,000 residents, by 2040.
- Most of North Charleston’s growth has occurred in its Northwestern quadrant, or Planning Area 3, where new developments have evolved reaching up into Dorchester County.
Current Population Snapshot
- The median age of City residents is 32.2 years, with the largest age group being ages 25-29.
- The City’s population is approximately 47% African American, 45% white, and 8% of other races or two or more races.
- Of the City’s residents, 10% identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino.
- North Charleston’s median household income was just under $40,000, meaning half of the City’s households earned less than $40,000 per year in 2016. By comparison, the tri-county region has a median household income of approximately $55,000.
- Approximately 20% of individuals or families in North Charleston earn less than $25,000 and are considered to be impoverished.
What elements of the City’s population do you think will be most impacted by continued growth and have needs to be addressed?


Most of the valuable companies by the market are built on a foundation of linking data to human beings; which works on the mechanism of different ways of looking at data. For example, what google and facebook do! They find out as much as they can about the user’s activities, interests, and social network. Amazon mainly works on consumer behaviour. Alibaba works as a digital wallet for millions of Chinese, and they widely know their consumer base through credit scores.
Every other sector has followed the trail of tech companies. Consumer brands collect customer’s data to advertising products and services according to the need and requirements of the consumers. The government is looking very carefully into these firms the ways they gather information and trying to replicate them in their systems.
Moreover, the data is extremely valuable, and now it’s well understood by individuals. Because, it can be leaked, hacked and stolen for different purposes. The year 2018 for facebook was alarming it faces multiple breaches and reputational damage. There is a big list of some reputable companies which met data breaches: Delta, Google, Marriot, British Airways, Best Buy, Cathay Pacific and Sears. Such events of data breaches have given the awareness to the people, and now they have started taking notice of all the data they are providing to different companies.
Impact of change
The impact of this change forced users to change their behaviour online. However, it happened though they boycotted snooping tech terms or exercise the rights which they possess. Because, managing your data is a time-consuming process, even for those who know how they can protect their data. Now, individuals are demanding accountability from those who are holding their data.
But, when the data used at the state level, it poses a much greater threat. Different algorithms are able to recognise patterns and behaviours or even their opinions. Facebook used the data to manipulate emotions in 2012. Russia stands accused of influencing the American presidential election by using data.
Data or you?
Data protection regulations and new privacy laws are demeaning the use of algorithms and different data usability techniques to protect the rights of data subjects. But, what you have to understand is it’s you who is important not the data.


Braquet is one of the old traditional grapes grown in the Bellet area already known in the 18th century, and a local family name in Bellet is also Braquet – but there is no known connection and whether the grape is named after the family or family after the grape is unknown.
In 1783-4 Braquet was described as being of a light reddish colour, sweet enough to eat and good if blended with other varieties. But Foderé in 1821 commented that Braquet was so much admired that it was used to make a varietal wine simply called ‘vin braquet’. The grapes’ sweetness was much admired. The ‘Guide des Étrangers a Nice’ (1827) described wine made from braquet as a dessert wine which resembled the Spanish sweet wine ‘Rota’ – a helpful clue as to how the wine tasted. Rota was made with dry raisined grapes and fortified before the fermentation finished, resulting in a strong sweet wine. By the 1840s the limited quantity of vin braquet contributed to its rarity and price.
Braquet’s pale colour has made it less popular for making a deep red wine, but when carefully handled makes a wine with fragrant floral fruit aromas with hints of carnation and rose and fresh red fruit.
Good examples of Braquet character can be found in the following wines:
Via Julia Augusta‘s red wine which has a 1/3 each of Folle Noir, Braquet and Grenache and the floral character is quite evident.
Domaine St Jean rosé, Braquet with some Cinsault. Aromatic floral aromas developing with some bottle age.
Domaine de Toasc rosé shows good fresh red fruit character.
Chateau de Bellet baron G rosé is made with old vine Braquet which gives a greater intensity of flavour and structure. Pronounced fresh red fruit and raspberries.
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Laminated wood is an inexpensive and functional way of recycling what would otherwise be considered wood waste. Many layers of wood are bonded together, and the layers are then cut into either planks or sheets. These planks or sheets are then used for a variety of purposes, including making furniture, stout flooring, and this type of wood is often used in truck beds and vans as well. Plywood is a common example of laminated wood, though it is not the only product created through the wood laminating process.
Laminated wood is made from many thin strips of wood. Often these strips are cast-offs or mixed from a variety of different types of wood. These strips of wood are carefully sanded down so that the surfaces are smooth, and then they are glued together under pressure so that a single, cohesive board is created from the mixture of woods. If plywood is being made, then the grains of the strips will be at right angles to each other, whereas for other sheets of laminated wood, the grains of the various layers will be parallel to one another. For boards that must be more structurally sound, more layers are added to increase the thickness.
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Laminated wood has a great deal of advantages that conventional, solid wood does not. For instance, laminated wood is resistant to warping or twisting due to its manufacturing process. Laminated wood can be made of hardwood or softwood depending on the needs of the customer, or from different kinds of wood to mix and match their strengths (such as the outer layers of a softwood for a certain look with the inner layers of a hardwood for strength). Laminated wood is also vulnerable to coming apart if the glue is exposed to moisture, insects, heat or any of these combinations.


I recently read Black students at New York University (NYU) are demanding separate living quarters. This brought back memories of the civil rights cause during my college years. It was in a land long ago and faraway called Northwestern University. In my years there 1955-59, Civil rights were at the forefront. Brown v. Board of Education had just been decided in May 1954, opening the floodgates against “Separate but Equal.” Northwestern had only recently dropped quotas in admissions. This was especially important to Jews and probably allowed me to be admitted. At the time, reformers felt allocations unfair, even unAmerican. People should be judged not on religion, Race, or sex, but on their own merit.
The next year, a picture was no longer required to accompany admittance applications. We felt this would make it harder to discriminate, especially against people of color. More students might go to a school that formally banned or limited them.
During my years on campus, we did away with the divided Greek rush. At the time, many national Fraternities and Sororities banned pledging people of specific racial and religious backgrounds. Greek houses were forced to remove these restrictions, or they would have to leave the campus. Jewish fraternities, heretofore rushed separately, were included in one combined rush week. Our house over the following years and most others became integrated. We felt this was a great accomplishment. This was college as it should be. Bringing people of different backgrounds and ideas together to broaden our outlook and improve our critical thinking. Bull sessions got a broader perspective.
One might ask why Jews and their organizations were at the forefront of these reforms? The simple answer is Jews were no strangers to discrimination. We thought the wider freedoms were spread, the better and safer it would be for us. Where it was legal to discriminate anywhere, it always adversely affected Jews. Best to get rid of the restrictions and let people be free to live and grow wherever. The more we mingled together, the more we would see each other as individuals. We might find we have more in common than what divides us.
It was in this vein, Jews were strong supporters of the Civil Rights Movement. They provided significant financial backing to the NAACP. My Aunt and Uncle were always holding fundraising meetings at their apartment. On-campus we did the same.Continue reading


The United States Coast Artillery has a long history, beginning with the formation of the United States, that evolved from defending the home front to fighting in World Wars.
From the R.O.T.C. Manual, Coast Artillery, Basic, 11th Edition (revised) – The Military Service Publishing Company, Harrisburg, PA 1939
In the Army of the United States, the service of artillery is divided between two arms known as the Field Artillery and the Coast Artillery Corps.
The Coast Artillery Corps (CAC) includes all fixed artillery, all antiaircraft artillery, all railway artillery, all tractor-drawn artillery especially assigned for coast-defense purposes, all controlled submarine mine installations, and all subaqueous sound-ranging installations, together with the searchlights, power plants, communications, trains, and other accessories necessarily incident to the maintenance and tactical employment of these weapons. It consists of units of the Regular Army, of the National Guard, and of the Organized Reserves. Its mission is the attack of enemy naval vessels by means of artillery fire and submarine mines and the attack of enemy aircraft by means of fire from the ground.
A most comprehensive history can be found at the Coast Defense Study Group website. Rich with history, photographs, and downloadable resources, this site contains a wealth of knowledge regarding the United States Coast Artillery Corps (CAC).
- Other Resources
- History of United States Army Coast Artillery Corps During World War One
- We Need You! Coast Artillery Corps U.S.A. War Posters
- The Evolution of Coastal Defense: From Forts to Missile Silos
Ready to learn more about your military ancestors?
Let us help you with our military research services.


The more you learn, the more this skill seems to be necessary. When missing a bug or a refactor opportunity, I wonder how did I miss this? Sure, everyone wants to learn from their mistakes. But noticing the little details gives you the opportunity to adapt. Massive function definitions starts off looking like an common pattern for code that needs to be refactored. Those dozen one-letter variables names probably should be better named. Shadowing a variable is prone to introduce errors in the future. All those mental notes form from being able to observe it.
By observing, I mean decerning the signal from the noise of inputs. And it doesn't have to apply to programming. How can you make your food taste better? The video game, Braid, is a great example. It teaches players how its rules of time manipulation lead to certain implications that are required to solve puzzles.
Observation an interesting commonality among many skills. Jiro remarks how he could be a better chef if only he had the tasting ability of Joel Robuchon. Breaking a bad habbit first requires noticing that it's a bad habbit in the first place. The first step to addiction is noticing (and admitting) you have a problem. Great designers try to solve for the sutle details of human interaction with the products they build.
Or another way of describing an expert: a person who has refined observation for a specific skill. Someone that's a jack-of-all-trades is observant at seeing similarities across multiple specialties. A researcher is looking for new observations.
How do you become more observant? I'm not sure. There's a lot of little ways to experience more:
- Meditation focuses on watching your breathing instead of wandering your mind.
- Hiking or climbing focuses on you physical movement.
- Drawing focuses on replicating details of the subject being drawn.
- Write in a journal (eg - food journal, finance journale).
- Taking up professional photography.
- Playing video games
- Standup Comedy
They seems to have one thing in common: they all require noticing a sensory experience. It's not just performing one of these activities, but getting skilled at it makes you more observant.


Magnetic Community News
Help make mosquitoes buzz off this summer
Mosquitoes can be a significant nuisance as well as carriers for many disease-causing viruses, and recent rainfall has increased the number of breeding grounds across Townsville.
This includes potential breeding sites in suburban homes and backyards and Community Health, Safety and Environmental Sustainability Committee chairperson Maurie Soars said all residents should be doing regular checks around their home to prevent mosquito breeding.
“We can all help with this part by regularly flushing out stagnant water in containers, pet bowls, old tyres, bird baths and flowerpots,” Cr Soars said.
“Reducing breeding grounds for mosquitoes is one of the most effective ways to limit mosquitoes in Townsville.
“Mosquitoes in Townsville can carry and transmit diseases like Ross River Fever, Barmah Forest Virus and Dengue Fever, all of which have serious health implications.”
Cr Soars said there were several steps everyone can take to reduce their chances of being bitten and potentially contracting a mosquito-borne disease.
“Using personal protections like wearing insect repellents, wearing long-sleeved loose-fitting clothing, avoiding the outdoors at dawn and dusk, and using mosquito coils around the house can all help keep you and your family safe from mosquitos,” Cr Soars said.
“There could also be mosquitoes inside the home so you can avoid them by using surface spray insecticide in dark areas around your house. This should be done monthly to keep mosquitoes at bay.
“It’s everyone’s responsibility to do their part to stop the breeding of mosquitoes around the home.”
Cr Soars said Council regularly conducts proactive mosquito management activities across the city, including after any significant rainfall.
“Our dedicated crews are out and about monitoring and treating known breeding sites daily,” he said.
“However our staff are only able to treat breeding sites on public land and aren’t able to enter private property, so we’re looking for residents to do some mosquito prevention in their own backyards.”
For more information on controlling mosquitos at home, visit Council’s mosquitoes web page.


ONLY THE CLOTHES ON HER BACK - CLOTHING & THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF POWER IN THE 19TH-CENTURY UNITED STATES By LAURA F. EDWARDS
Only the Clothes on Her Back tells the history of law and commerce in the United States between the Revolution and the Civil War through textiles and the legal principles associated with them. Those principles existed not in statutes or treatises, but in social and cultural practices, commonly known then, but now long forgotten, which made textiles—clothing, cloth, bedding, and accessories, such as shoes and hats—a unique form of property that people without rights could own and exchange. Textiles' value depended on law, which was what made them a secure form of property for marginalized people, who not only used these goods as currency, credit, and capital, but also as entre into the new republic's economy and governing institutions. Using original archival research, the first part of the book reconstructs the governing order in which textiles' legal principles flourished and follows the implications, recasting our understanding of production and exchange. The second part pieces together the rules that governed trade: trunks established ownership; witness testimony served instead of receipts; accounts were kept in diaries, if they were recorded at all. These practices might seem outside law, but they were not. The third part follows the legal downfall of textiles, showing how the practices associated with them became suspect as the federalism system elevated the possession of rights over other means of making property claims. By the mid—nineteenth century, textiles no longer had the legal power they once had, but most Americans had nothing to replace them. Hardcover; 456 pages.


The Indicatios of Wasatiyyah or Moderation in Islam
I will begin by posing a question: Are there any indicators to tell us that Islam anchors itself in the middle path of moderation, to show, in other words, that wasatiyyah is the governing principle of Islam?
Islam’s advocacy of wasatiyyah is, first of all, known by the explicit affirmation of the Qur’an, when it designates the Muslim community as a community of the middle path (ummatan wasatan) (al-Baqarah, 2:143). This Qur’anic designation is espoused with a commitment for the Ummah to act as witnesses for truth and serve the cause of justice.
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How to Cite
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. 2016. “The Indicatios of Wasatiyyah or Moderation in Islam”. ICR Journal 7 (2):264-66. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v7i2.267.


Creating a GuidiGO tour with your students: the methodology
You have decided to create a tour on the GuidiGO platform with your students. After you sign up for a plan, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice!
The following methodology is designed to guide you through the steps of your educational project. We have developed it in the field, in direct contact with teachers and their students. It has been tested with dozens of classes, who have already implemented it successfully.
I. The preparatory phase
- Introduce your students to existing tours in the GuidiGO application and how to use them on a tablet.
- Organize a class visit to the site of your tour (museum, city, etc.).
II. Frame development (whole-class work)
- Create a consistent tour by defining the number of stops and their location.
- If you are making a game type tour, we advise you to first define a scenario that will unfold throughout the stops. The students should think up the following elements:
- the initial situation, the main character (narrator);
- the disruptive element which sets off the story;
- the final situation, the conditions in which the problem will be resolved.
- Form groups of 3 or 4 students and assign a stop to each.
III. Creation of stops (group work)
- Each group should be in charge of creating content for their stop:
- composing texts;
- recording voice-over;
- creating graphic elements that will illustrate the stop and its challenges: drawings, sketches, photos;
- creating challenges (for a game type tour).
- Once their content is prepared, the group should submit their stop to GuidiGO Studio.
IV. Tests and finalization
- Publish the tour in Private mode (See also: Testing private tours in the app)
- Bring your class to the site so they can test their tour on a tablet, and in real conditions. This step is essential for your students to spot potential imperfections and make necessary corrections.
- Make corrections to the tour (group work).
- Publish the tour in Public mode. It could be of help to all the users of the application!


Part 2 of an in depth look at the history and influence of the largest all female, communal organisation in the world. The film spans the twenty centuries since Jesus’ birth as well as the pre-Christian climates from which Christianity has evolved. This film reviews the few exceptional periods in history when women wielded power in religious life - in pre-Christian Celtic religions and during the era of the great abbesses of the Middle Ages. Their paintings, inventions, tapestries, books and manuscripts are eloquent testimony to their achievements. However, with the revival of misogynistic theories that females were unsuitable to perform priestly functions and not worth educating, these achievements were soon dismissed. Women were excluded from universities for the next eight centuries. Today, women are openly questioning the Church’s male hierarchy and seeking some measure of influence in Church decisions. In Part 2 some of today’s activist nuns speak about their convictions and the need to redefine the Church to combine spirituality with global politics.
How to watch
In ACMI's collection
Anthropology, Ethnology, Exploration & Travel → Religion
Economics, Philosophy, Politics, Religion & Sociology → Nuns
Economics, Philosophy, Politics, Religion & Sociology → Religion
Economics, Philosophy, Politics, Religion & Sociology → Women and religion
16mm film; Access Print (Section 1)


|Etymology/ Definition||भक्षयेद्दन्तपवनं दन्तमांसान्यबाधयन् । निहन्ति गन्धं वैरस्यं जिह्वादन्तास्यजं मलम् । निष्कृत्य रुचिमाधत्ते सद्यो दन्तविशोधनम् । च. सू. ५।७२|
|Literary Meaning||Cleansing of teeth|
|Implied Meaning||It is one of the procedures in the daily regime.|
|Elaboration||Astringent and bitter tastes are advised for cleaning the teeth. Appropriate Dantakaasht`ha ( sticks ) or powders of plants like Karanja , Karaveera , Arka , Maalatee etc. are used.|
They should be of the size of the tip of the little finger in thickness and twelve Angula in length. They should also be straight with tips made like a soft brush. The teeth should be cleaned without hurting the gums.
Persons suffering from indigestion, vomiting, dyspnoea, thirst, ulceration etc. should not make use of sticks for cleansing teeth.
|Contemporary Colloquial||Brushing teeth|
Last updated on June 14th, 2021 at 04:12 am


- At the moment, electric cars offer only slight emission savings compared with combustion cars. The lifecycle emissions of an urban combustion car can be estimated at 29.75 tonnes of CO2, and those of an urban electric car at 30 tonnes. In the premium segment, a combustion car will emit around 35.5 tonnes of CO2 and an electric car 34 tonnes.
- With the energy transition path proposed in PEP 2040 and the current technologies to reduce emissions of combustion cars, the CO2 savings from replacing the fleet with electric cars would be negligible, if at all, on an economy-wide level.
- The proposal in the Fit for 55 to ban the sale of combustion engine cars from 2036 throughout the EU is likely to result in several years old combustion engine cars from Western European countries ending up in the new EU Member States, including Poland.
- Electric cars are expensive for the average Pole. A car from the urban segment costs three annual salaries, while a premium segment car costs five to six salaries. In Poland, there is no infrastructure for charging BEV on the road, and the law hampers the installation of charging points near a garage in a multi-family housing estate. In practice, this means that replacing the fleet with an electric one may concern buses or vans.
- Passenger cars offer a reduction in emissions for prosumers who will be able to load the car using, for example, photovoltaic panels. This is an attractive option to reduce transport costs, but only available to the wealthy part of society.
- The emissions performance of hybrids is unclear and much higher than official manufacturer data suggests. Its level depends on the conditions and driving style, but can even reach that of a premium segment combustion car. At the same time, city drivers involved in passenger transport indicate that hybrids are currently more cost-effective than BEVs and combustion cars, especially when fitted with LPG systems, due to lower purchase costs and comparable running costs.
- Rare earth elements are used extensively in the construction of electric cars and are sometimes exploited in a predatory manner, often in violation of human rights, as in the case of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
[REPORT] STATE OF PLAY. POLAND-GEORGIA
We present “State of Play” – a new series of publications on Poland’s economic cooperation with countries outside the EU. Each publication will present the


In addition to hairline fractures and complete fractures, there are also microfractures which are even tinier cracks or breaks in the bone.
Stress fractures occur most commonly in the weight-bearing bones of the foot where there is the highest amount of stress. These are typically the second and third metatarsal bones, but may occur elsewhere as well. Symptoms include pain and swelling in the affected area.
Metatarsal stress fractures are common and are often a result of repetitive stress or overuse, especially during activities such as running and jumping. This makes dancers and runners especially vulnerable to them.
Metatarsal stress fractures usually occur when there is a sudden increase in activity. This can be in terms of frequency – such as starting daily training immediately after a long rest period – or duration, like for instance, running a marathon without proper training beforehand.
Intensity may also play a part, such as when you suddenly start doing intense workouts without gradually ramping up to it. Bones that have been weakened by conditions such as osteoporosis or rheumatoid arthritis can also develop stress fractures over time.
While these microfractures can heal themselves with rest and adequate nutrition, it isn’t a good idea to simply keep powering through them. Depending on the cause of the microfractures, you may require further treatment.
For example, undiagnosed osteoporosis is one common cause of frequent metatarsal stress fractures, as well as an irregular foot shape which puts excessive pressure on the metatarsals.
In each case, a podiatrist will have to advise you on what course of action to take next in order to help prevent further injuries.


Nina Davis: Teaching & Learning in Australia
Unpacking the International Baccalaureate Learner Profile and attitudes with Prep children (5 and some 6 Year Olds) is ongoing. I’ve been using all opportunities within and outside the Programme of Inquiry to unpack the Learner Profile and attitudes in context. Young children need context to ensure meaning.
This week we have had Kym Lardner, an Australian author visit our students. I have been introducing Kym’s stories to the children. Kym’s books relate well to the Learner profile and attitudes. Our favourite book is The Naked Penguin. This story is about accepting difference.
Linking the Learner Profile: Risk Takers, Caring, Open-minded, Thinkers
Linking the Attitudes: Respect, Tolerance, Empathy and Appreciation
After reading this story many times, the children and I selected the attitudes related to this story. They could relate these attitudes to the text. I’m impressed! We’ve been talking and living these attitudes for a while. It takes time…
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Baudin’s Black Cockatoo For Sale – Ready for Adoption
Baudin’s black cockatoo (Zanda baudinii), also known as Baudin’s cockatoo or the long-billed black cockatoo, is a species of genus Zanda found in southwest Australia. The epithet commemorates the French explorer Nicolas Baudin. It has a short crest on the top of its head, and the plumage is mostly greyish black.
It has prominent white cheek patches and a white tail band. The body feathers are edged with white giving a scalloped appearance. Adult males have a dark grey beak and pink eye-rings. Adult females have a bone coloured beak, grey eye-rings and ear patches that are paler than those of the males.
Buy Baudin’s Black Cockatoo Online
For a large cockatoo, the Baudin’s black cockatoo sure is mysterious. We know broadly where it can be found – in the dense eucalypt forests of the far southwest Australia – but precious little is known about the bird’s habits or movements. Unlike its more familiar cousin, the world’s only other white-tailed black cockatoo – the Carnaby’s cockatoo – the Baudin’s remains something of an enigma.


ETSI Offers A Novel Approach To Standards Education
Posted by ETSI
ETSI has released a new set of classroom teaching materials on ICT standardization. A comprehensive textbook, “Understanding ICT Standardization: Principles and Practice”, together with an extensive slide pack have been developed with the support of the European Commission and the EFTA Secretariat.
The textbook and slides, written by six experts who have both academic and practical standardization experience, are available for download for free from the ETSI website.
Standardization has become a key business process in the ICT industry. Most standards professionals have acquired their technical knowledge through education, training and life-long learning. But it is unlikely they received much formal education or training in standardization. Generally, third-level students in science and engineering courses have limited exposure to the world of standards, beyond studying or working with specific technical specifications. Yet aspects of standardization are also relevant for students of corporate strategy, economics, innovation management and law. Before tackling detailed topics, students need to acquire a basic understanding of the standardization system and the standards development process.
There is increasing recognition of the need to improve the understanding of standardization among students. China, for example, has recently established the Belt and Road University Alliance for Standardization Education and Academics. APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) has encouraged the exchange of best practices in standards education among its members. The European Union’s Joint Initiative on Standardization has commissioned studies on the need for standardization education. While some universities have quite advanced programmes of study and research on the topic of standardization, these are relatively few. There are few teaching resources readily available, and even fewer which focus on ICT standardization.
The new materials from ETSI will help remedy this situation. They follow a modular design to enable students to focus on the aspects which most concern them. Topics covered include:
- Standardization basics
- The standards ecosystem
- The production of standards
- Standardization and innovation
- Standardization and strategy
- A business perspective: Standardization and intellectual property rights (IPR)
- The economic benefits of standards―CT Bureau
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SPACES: Jewish Concept Gardens
There are many types of gardens: English garden, pollinator garden, native plant garden, even a food forest. These garden types use the collection of plants and the way they are planted to demonstrate a theme, a value or an experience.
With Jewish Concept Gardens we form gardens and plants are planted to create a story or illustrate a thread of Jewish life.
Genesis 2 inspires Possibilities for Jewish Concept Gardens
8 The Eternal God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and placed there the human whom God formed (out of the clay of the earth). 9 And from the ground the Eternal God caused to grow every tree that was pleasin3g to the sight and good for food, with the tree of life in the middle of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and bad.
10 A river issues from Eden to water the garden, and it then divides and becomes four branches: Pishon, Gihon, Tigris, and the Euphrates…
15 The Eternal God took and placed the human in the garden of Eden, to till it and tend it.
Remember, In One Pot You Can Do a Lot
You don’t have to grow bushels and bushels of any produce. Even if you only grow a few tomatoes or one bunch of dill, or a couple of cucumbers, you can still change the cooking and eating experience. Just the action of seeing one piece of your produce grow from seed/plant to the table and understanding the time and energy that goes into growing it, provides an important and invaluable perspective for appreciation of what we eat.


|Scientific Name||Penstemon rydbergii||USDA PLANTS Symbol||PERY|
|Common Name||Rydberg's Penstemon, Meadow Beardtongue||ITIS Taxonomic Serial No.||33990|
|Family||Plantaginaceae (Plantain) formerly Scrophulariaceae||SEINet
Life zones and habitat: Montane and alpine (7500 to 12000 ft). Sunny mountain slopes, alpine meadows, forest openings and streamsides.
Plant: Erect perennial with single or a clump of multiple leafy, usually smooth, stems up to 2 feet tall; stems may be decumbent at base.
Leaves: Basal leaves oblanceolate and petiolate, up to 2-3/4 inches; stem leaves lanceolate, sessile, opposite and shorter; all are usually smooth with entire margins;
Inflorescence: Clusters (2 to 7) atop and along stem of blue to purple flowers pointing radially all directions from the stem; corolla smooth on outside, lower lobes with bearded; staminode with a dense tuft of golden hairs at tip; smooth black anthers.
Bloom Period: June to August.
References: "The Alpine Flora of the Rocky Mountains" by Richard W. Scott, "Flora of Colorado" by Jennifer Ackerfield and American Southwest
|BONAP Distribution Map
Map Color Key
© Tom Lebsack 2023
Banner photo: Ten Mile Range and Rhodiola integrifolia (King’s Crown) in Summit County


Innateness and Emergentism
Bates E., Elman JL., Johnson MH., Karmiloff-Smith A., Parisi D., Plunkett K.
© 1998 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. The nature-nurture controversy has been with us since it was first outlined by Plato and Aristotle. Nobody likes it anymore. All reasonable scholars today agree that genes and environment interact to determine complex cognitive outcomes. So why does the controversy persist? First, it persists because it has practical implications that cannot be postponed (i.e., what can we do to avoid bad outcomes and insure better ones?), a state of emergency that sometimes tempts scholars to stake out claims they cannot defend. Second, the controversy persists because we lack a precise, testable theory of the process by which genes and the environment interact. In the absence of a better theory, innateness is often confused with (1) domain specificity (outcome X is so peculiar that it must be innate), (2) species specificity (we are the only species who do X, so X must lie in the human genome), (3) localization (outcome X is mediated by a particular part of the brain, so X must be innate), and (4) learnability (we cannot figure out how X could be learned, so X must be innate). We believe that an explicit, plausible theory of interaction is now around the corner, and that many of the classic maneuvers to defend or attack innateness will soon disappear. In the interim, some serious errors can be avoided if we keep these confounded issues apart. That is the major goal of this chapter: not to attack innateness but to clarify what claims about innateness are (and are not) about.


National Slave Memorial
This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (April 2014)
|National Slave Memorial (proposed)|
|Location||Washington, D.C., U.S.|
|Coordinates||38°54′18″N 77°00′58″W / 38.905°N 77.016°W (coordinates of Washington, D.C.)|
The National Slave Memorial is a proposed memorial to honor the victims of slavery in the United States. It was introduced during a 2003 Congressional session. Professor Ira Berlin noted that the proposed memorial is an example of the interest Americans in the early 21st century still have in the facts and legacy of slavery. The legislation has not been adopted; instead, Congress supported the creation of the National Museum of African American History and Culture, which opened on the National Mall in 2016.
- ^ Cho, Mark (March 9, 2003). "Pastor Wants Slave Memorial On DC Mall". The Ledger (Lakeland, FL). The Washington Post Reprint. pp. A2. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
- ^ Berlin, Ira (2004). "American Slavery in History and Memory and the Search for Social Justice". The Journal of American History. 90 (4): 1251–1268, 1253. doi:10.2307/3660347. JSTOR 3660347.
- ^ Hatch, John B. (2010). Race and Reconciliation: Redressing Wounds of Injustice (paperback ed.). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 11. ISBN 9780739121535.


Effects of exercise on skeletal system has both long term and short term effects . E.g. long term effect can be increased range of motion in joints by increasing the production of synovial liquid witch lubricates joints and protects them from wear. Another example of long term effect would be increased bone density, because of stress that is given to bones during exercise, so bones rebuild themselves to be stronger and better prepared for next time exercise. And also stronger bone ligament which holds bone joints in place and doesn’t let them to go other side.
It’s important to exercise in order to have strong and healthy skeletal system. It will help you to feel well and strong. Skeletal system is important part of fitness, because if you don’t have strong skeletal system, your bones may easily break from simple fall or you can develop a disease. If you have strong skeletal system you will have greater chance to avoid injury and if you get injured, bones will fix the injury way faster than unhealthy and weak skeletal system.
Short term effects of exercise on skeletal system
On skeletal system would be increased amount of synovial liquid, to keep joints healthy, stop cartilage from drying out and keep cartilage lubricated and nourished, the joints produce an oil-like substance. Synovial fluid production increases the range of movement available at the joints in the short term.
According to “Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, Ninth Edition” by Sandra R. Grabowski and Gerald J. Tortora, exercise increases the range of movement available at the joints as more lubricating synovial fluid is released into them. Mobility exercises such as arm circles and knee bends keep joints supple by ensuring a steady supply of synovial fluid.
Long term effects of exercise on skeletal system
On the skeletal system would be increased bone density, size and weight of bones. They become stronger and flexible. More resistant to injuries and faster recovery after injury. Increased bone density can prevent a condition called osteoporosis, which is the weakening of bone and an increased likelihood of suffering fractures. Osteoporosis is more common in older females but can affect either sex at any age. And also the bones are held together with non-elastic avascular strap or cord-like structures called ligaments. Without ligaments, the joints would be very unstable and would probably bend the wrong way. When exercising for long periods of time, ligaments become stronger and more resistant to injury.


By Valerie Fry
BYU paleontologists may have discovered a new species of dinosaur near Moab this summer.
The bones of a dinosaur were uncovered in the Morrison Formation, which is a part of the rock formations in Moab. The Morrison Formation is a large group of rock layers, which have been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.
“To find something new is unusual because we have looked at the Morrison Formation for so long,” said Rod Scheetz, curator of the Earth Science Museum. “For 20 years we haven”t found anything new; this is very exciting.”
Most of the Morrison Formation dates back to 145 million years ago, from the upper Jurassic period. Initially it seemed the bones looked to be an Apatosaurus, but the size of the femur suggests a different story. While the dinosaur may be different from the Apatosaurus, it is still a type of Sauropod.
Sauropods are long-necked, long-tailed herbivorous dinosaurs, and are the most common among the fossils found in the Morrison formation, Scheetz said.
The team from the Earth Science Museum uncovered a pelvis, femur, several tail vertebrae and 12 of the 15 neck vertebrae, according to a news release.
“We were excited when we first saw the tail vertebrae,” Scheetz said. “They were articulated and moving into the hillside, suggesting that the remainder of the dinosaur is close by. We have high hopes as we go back this summer that we find more of the animal.”
Scheetz first realized the dinosaur was a new species when the pelvis was uncovered and cleaned, according to a news release. However, it will take time before Scheetz can be sure it is a new species and name the dinosaur.
“It”s not necessarily rare [to find a new species] but it is significant, you are adding new things to the scientific world,” said Garrett Schwanke, a senior majoring in geology who was present on the dig.
Lin Ottinger, a dinosaur hobbyist, was the first to discover the dinosaur”s tail vertebrae in the 1960s and contacted BYU.


Moreover, there is no longer any credible contention that depriving gays and lesbians of basic rights will cause them to change their sexual orientation. Even if there was, the attempt would be constitutionally defective. But, in fact, the sexual orientation of gays and lesbians is as much a God-given characteristic as the color of their skin or the sexual orientation of their straight brothers and sisters. It is also a condition that, like race, has historically been subject to abusive and often violent discrimination. It is precisely where a minority’s basic human rights are abridged that our Constitution’s promise of due process and equal protection is most vital.
Countries as Catholic as Spain, as different as Sweden and South Africa, and as near as Canada have embraced gay and lesbian marriage without any noticeable effect — except the increase in human happiness and social stability that comes from permitting people to marry for love. Several states — including Connecticut, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont — have individually repealed their bans on same-sex marriage as inconsistent with a decent respect for human rights and a rational view of the communal value of marriage for all individuals. But basic constitutional rights cannot depend on the willingness of the electorate in any given state to end discrimination. If we were prepared to consign minority rights to a majority vote, there would be no need for a constitution.
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Read more: “Tricks of the light: Nine fabulous photon spin-offs“
It has been everyone’s favourite quantum bogeyman ever since Einstein derided it as “spooky action at a distance“. Yet quantum entanglement – when the states of two quantum entities such as photons remain connected however widely separated – is experimentally verified fact. It has been shown to hold for photons beamed over 144 kilometres between two of the Canary Islands, and over 18 kilometres in commercial optical fibres. In that instance, communication between the photons took effect at 10,000 times the speed of light, though no material body or information was seen to move (Nature, vol 454, p 861).
The fun doesn’t end there. The link between two entangled photons can also be used to transmit information about a third photon to a distant site, where that photon can be recreated. The distance record for this was set in 2010, when Jian-Wei Pan of the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei and his colleagues “teleported” photons through 16 kilometres of free space (Nature Photonics, vol 4, p 376).
Is this all down to an unknown form of communication between photons that violates relativity? Or is it a feature inherent in quantum physics? The latter seems more likely, but we don’t know for sure. We do know, though, that such ethereal effects are incredibly useful.
The best developed application is in the hard-headed activity of handling money: quantum cryptography, which uses entanglement and inherent quantum randomness to send encoded data over optical fibres, has been used to safely transfer …


Alaska is the largest state in the nation and home to almost half of the nation’s rivers and lakes. For the most part our water is relatively clean and abundant. Our healthy watersheds support strong populations of fish and wildlife, which provide opportunities that are economically, socially, and culturally vital for many Alaskans. Despite this, people may only be vaguely aware of the essential part Alaska’s water plays in their lives. Everyone has an impact on Alaska’s fish and wildlife resources and the habitats they depend on, but not everyone understands their role in maintaining a sustainable future for these resources.
It Takes a Watershed to Raise a Fish
This Power Point presentation can be used to teach about watersheds, what freshwater fish need to survive, and how people may affect watersheds and fish habitat. You may download the entire presentation below, or download a portion.
- Full Presentation (PowerPoint file 42,500 kB)
- Part 1: Introduction and Overview (PowerPoint file 743 kB)
- Part 2: Watersheds and Fish Habitat (PowerPoint file 13,133 kB)
- Part 3: Habitat Needs of Alaskan Fishes (PowerPoint file 15,599 kB)
- Part 4: People, Fish Habitat, and Watersheds (PowerPoint file 22,053 kB)