The Concept of News
The concept of news can be complex, ranging from the definition of news to the different media used to produce it. For example, a newspaper’s agenda may be different from that of a television station’s. The newspaper’s agenda identifies stories it believes have a greater chance of influencing public opinion. In addition, newspaper journalists may use a variety of different methods to reach their target audience, including social media.
Social media is increasingly becoming a source of news, and most news organizations contribute to these sites. These accounts typically link to the news outlet’s website. While this has helped to increase the reach of news stories, it has also caused many questions about the credibility of such content. Recently, a group of lawyers from tech companies testified before U.S. Congress that some of their users had viewed content created by Russian operatives.
When selecting stories for news, journalists often look for events that are out of the ordinary and that will be of interest to their target audience. People like stories about controversies, so anything associated with them will be newsworthy. Similarly, news about people who are prominent are likely to be newsworthy. But the news that is most exciting is often the result of something unexpected. Stories of human interest may also be emotionally impacting and will generate more attention.
A television program’s newscasts are also often categorized as either entertainment or serious news. Entertainment stories include anything from sex to show business to animals. Entertainment stories also include information about controversial issues and are often accompanied by entertaining photographs and witty headlines.


The two important base elements for the building to succeed are the Architect and the Engineer. This may look confusing at first,as the roles of engineers and architects are not clear cut and overlap a bit. Lets try and clear things up, Starting off with the things that we know .
A differentiation in a brief way
Who is an architect? An architect is a person who develops the creative designs for buildings or structures.
Who is an engineer? An engineer is a person who designs and builds things for the benefit of society. Engineers use math and science to design and build structures, equipment and processes. So, the jobs of an engineer and architect, although similar, vary in some details.
What is the importance of them working together?
Working together, architects and engineers can come up with design solutions that are greater than the sum of their parts. Exchanging knowledge and information, especially at the early stages of a project, ultimately leads to better buildings.
The technical input that an engineer can provide is all the more useful when the scale of the challenge to improving building energy efficiency is considered.
What is the misunderstanding anyway ?
Engineers are often taught in school to solve problems using their chosen functional specialties, such as structural engineering Whereas, Architects are taught to think about the whole picture—to have a vision for a completed structure.
After graduating, an architect might describe his vision, from which a young engineer could isolate 19 different problems. If the engineer is not brought into the process early, He/She might assume the architect’s familiarity with a concept. In turn, the architect may be uncomfortable revealing his lack of technical knowledge.
A little bit of Structural knowledge doesn’t hurt
A work of architecture should be structurally sound and safe to occupants.Architects should be proficient enough to know the maximum shear and moment forces that take place in floor beams and columns or stresses in steel trusses.
It is common to hear engineers whining about architects having a prima-doma complex ,which cannot be denied.But ,a work of architecture cannot become a concrete reality without the collective undertakings of architects, Engineers and workers.
The reality that seems difficult is engineers and architects have more in common than they know—specifically in terms of evaluating designs that provide safe, well-functioning spaces to work and live. Architectural design and structural design are very much dependent on each other. It is the ultimate marriage of form and function.
Research by Ar.Vinodha


PHP creating cookies setting and deleting
The difference between session and cookies is the cookies are stored at client computer and the sessions are stored at server side.
Sending cookies by setcookie
Example 1 : Setting the cookiesWe will see how to add the cookies first. You can download the free code at the end of this page for your testing. You can use the demo here also. Here is the code to do that.
The above line will set the cookie with the variable value set to a string. This will expire after one hour as the time of expire is set to one hour ( +3600 seconds ) after the current time.
We have used time() to get the present time value ( ( time elapsed between current time and Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) in seconds ) and then added the expire time of the cookies in seconds.
Two things we have to know here.
1. Cookie set by the page now will be available at next page.
2. Before sending any header to the browser ( before sending any html code ) the cookie has to be set. Otherwise error message we will get.
Reading cookiesTo read the cookie we can check the value as a variable or by using the code below.
In PHP 5 and above it is
Delete CookiesSame way to delete the cookies we will set the same cookie again with expire time one hour before by using time()-3600 . That will delete the cookie from the computer.
This will delete the cookie.
Advantage of CookiesBetter user experience : Site can store user preference or choice of options through cookies over a period so the visitor need not have to start from scratch.
NOTE : Sensitive information should not be stored by using Cookies
Browser settingsThe user have full control over the cookies it want to store or not and for what level it wants to store. The browser setting for the cookies can be managed by going to
Unlike sessions cookies are managed by users through its web browser so we have to carefully select which data to be used through cookies.
Storing PHP array data in cookiesWe can create an array and store it as cookie. Read the array data to display and destroy the data.
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This article is written by plus2net.com team. https://www.plus2net.com
| ▼ Cookies in PHP


The food industry plays a vital role in the world market. This large sector produces various products using different methods such as distillation, drying, and disinfection. The operations need to be considered and designed in a clean and hygienic environment. Most production of food factories works 24 hours per day with no stopping hour, which requires the high performance of instruments and high efficiency of machine support to produce stable steam with constant temperature and pressure.
How are boilers used in Food Industry ?
Within large areas of the food industry, the use of steam can be broken down into numerous processes such as:
Meat product: Steam for mashing, lautering, pressure cooking, roasting and hot smoking. Hot water for boiling, braising, cooking and steaming. Hot oil for frying.
Dairy product: Steam for pasteurizing, whey production, high-temperature processes, sterilizing, thermalization, and drying dairy powder.
Cooking oils product: Steam for drying and hardening. Hot water for deodorizing, bleaching, de-gumming, steaming and pressing/extraction.
Canned product: Steam for pasteurization and sterilization cans, containers and glass containers. Hot water for boiling and cooking processes.
Sugar and starch product: Steam for extraction, heating, evaporation, and crystallization, usually in conjunction with the CHP system (combined heat and power).
Confectionery product: Steam for dehydration processes such as freeze-drying and spray drying. Steam for oven baking processes such as roasting, tempering and conching. Steam for processing of sugar mass.
Snack food Product, Pet food product: Steam for sterilizing, preserving, extrusion and drying. Hot water for boiling and cooking processes.
CIP systems : The factories also need steam to apply with CIP systems (Clean in place) and cleaning processes.


Best remembered as the president of the ad interim government of the Republic of Texas, David Burnet first entered Texas about 1815. Except for a few brief periods outside the region, Texas remained his home until his death in 1870.
Born April 14, 1788 in New Jersey, Burnet was raised by an older brother after the early death of his parents. In 1806, he became the first American volunteer to join Francisco de Miranda in an unsuccessful expedition to free Venezuela from Spain. Later, after a failed attempt to establish a trading post in Natchitoches, Louisiana, Burnet rode westward into Texas.
After an accident in which Burnet fell from his horse on the upper Colorado River, he was taken by Comanche Indians, treated kindly, and nursed back to health over a two year period.
Burnet’s political career began with his election to the Convention of 1833. His leadership there and in subsequent events resulted in his being elected President of the ad interim government of Texas at the Convention of 1836. His conservatism and sensitivity to criticism, however, limited his effectiveness in leading the infant Republic in its most trying hour. He did manage to maintain reasonable order, however, until a permanent government could be elected.
Burnet later served as Vice-president of the Republic under Mirabeau Lamar, and again briefly as President after Lamar resigned at the end of his term. With statehood in 1846, Burnet served as the state’s first Secretary of State. After the Civil War, he was elected in 1866 to represent Texas in the U. S. Senate, but due to Reconstruction, was not allowed to serve.
After retiring to his farm near the San Jacinto battlefield, Burnet died on December 7, 1870. He is now buried at Lakeview Cemetery in Galveston.


Reproductive Genetic Testing: What America Thinks
We are currently in the midst of a genetic revolution in medicine. Advances in science, especially the completion of the human genome sequence, have led to greater understanding of the role of genes in health and disease. Genetic tests for diseases and disease risks are available currently and new medicines and preventive strategies are on the horizon.
Many people first encounter genetic testing when having a baby. Reproductive genetic testing — carrier testing, prenatal genetic testing, preimplantation genetic diagnosis — combines the newest advances in genetics with the most profound human activity of creating life. Reproductive genetic testing provides information: information about the risk of parents passing a genetic mutation to their children; information about the genetic characteristics of embryos produced through in vitro fertilization; information about the genome of a fetus in utero. Th is information can provide reassurance to prospective parents, or the basis for important decisions: to attempt a pregnancy or not; to transfer an embryo to the uterus or not; to continue a pregnancy or not. Th e growing availability and use of reproductive genetic testing presents a host of complicated ethical, legal and social issues.
New genetic technologies will touch the lives of millions of Americans. Yet, there is relatively little oversight of reproductive genetic testing. As the number and type of genetic tests grows and their use becomes more widespread, the time has come to seriously consider whether and how these new technologies will aff ect individuals and shape society, and whether changes in oversight are needed. Some believe that the decision to use reproductive genetic testing should be left up to individual parents in consultation with their doctors. Others believe that reproductive genetic tests should be either controlled stringently or banned entirely.
The Center has undertaken an in-depth effort to assess public attitudes toward genetic technologies — with public opinion surveys, town hall meetings, focus groups, interviews and online group discussions — as a means of making the discussion about genetics and public policy more democratic, less divisive and less the province of special interests.
The goal is not to encourage policy making by public referendum, but to give everyone involved a clearer sense of the diversity of opinion surrounding these issues.
Pew is no longer active in this line of work, but for more information, visit the Genetics & Public Policy Center Web site or visit the Genetics and Public Policy Centeron PewHealth.org.


January 18, 2022
If you are familiar with MPA, then you are probably also familiar with the AnnMarie Thomas Makerspace. Electrifying in its concept and its form, this area of the school houses the intersection of creativity and innovation. The Makerspace is the physical manifestation of MPA’s long-standing belief that learning should be hands-on, experiential, and joyful.
Keith Braafladt, MPA’s technology and innovation teacher, has already found himself right at home in the Makerspace during his first year as a faculty member. As a new friendly face on campus, Keith has dedicated this year to developing strong relationships with MPA teachers to integrate and deliver the best Makerspace curriculum and experience to our students. Curriculum that exists in the Makerspace connects liberal arts thinking with 21st century skills and competencies, providing students with opportunities to construct meaning through making via practical, hands-on, interdisciplinary, and problem-based projects. Most often, the work is centered around the design thinking process, a systematic way to solve real-world problems that major corporations use in the workplace.
One of the most memorable projects to occur in the Makerspace this year is still adorning the outer windows of the room, prompting those who pass by to pause and share a smile that is reflecting back at them. The activity was informally and aptly named “making faces,” because that is precisely what Lower School students did. Essentially, they observed, looking for faces out in the world. And under Keith’s model, the idea was to use all of the donated, found, and collected materials at the students’ disposal in the Makerspace to create a face out of everyday objects themselves. Keith has friends at the Exploratorium in San Francisco that have been doing a similar activity that inspired this one. Read More


To put it simply, Crohn’s disease belongs to the group of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
It causes inflammation in the digestive tract, which can result in stomach cramps, watery, bloody diarrhoea, weakness, loss of appetite, and malnutrition. (Source)
How To Remember Crohn’s Disease Morphology, Symptoms ?
Causes of Crohn’s disease Morphology, Symptoms
- High temperature
- Reduced lumen
- Intestinal fistulae
- Skip lesions
- Transmural (all layers, may ulcerate)
- Abdominal pain
- Submucosal fibrosis
Mnemonic: “CHRISTMAS “
Mind Map / Concept Map /Memory Aid/ Mnemonic To Remember Crohn’s disease Morphology, Symptoms
Remember this for your NExT Medical Exit Test exam & USMLE, Pre-Med, NCLEX exams.
Back Pain Mnemonics Body Temperature & Fever Mnemonics Bone Mnemonics Chest Pain Mnemonics Diseases & Conditions Mnemonics Dizziness Vertigo Mnemonics Gastrointestinal Mnemonics Headache Mnemonics Hematology Mnemonics Lesions Mnemonics Neck Pain Mnemonic Osteomyelitis Mnemonics Pain Mnemonics Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics Mnemonics Physical Examination Mnemonics Rash Mnemonics Signs & Symptoms Mnemonics Skin Disorders/Conditions Mnemonics Syncope Mnemonics
Dr. Arin Nandi
Passionate About Medical Science & Helping Future Doctors Achieve Top Ranks In Medical Exams. He is professionally a dentist as well as a public health expert from JIPMER working in govt.health department


Skolt Sámi Heritage House
The Skolt Sámi Heritage House, located in the village of Sevettijärvi, presents the culture and traditions of the Skolt Sámi. The village of Sevettijärvi is the centre for Finland’s Skolt Sámi culture in regard to its number of inhabitants and preservation of the culture. Originally, the Skolt Sámi lived in Pechenga on the Kola Peninsula, in the area of the present Russia. As a result of World War II, the Sámi of Suonjel (Suonikylä) were, after an evacuation period, settled in the Sevettijärvi – Näätämö area in 1949.
The objects, films, photographs and texts at the permanent exhibition of the Skolt Sámi Heritage House recount the history of the Skolt Sámi in the Sevettijärvi-Näätämö Area. The Skolt Sámi Heritage House is located at an old Skolt Sámi house. The State built many corresponding houses in the eastern part of the Inari municipality in the late 1940s when the Skolt Sámi who had been evacuated from Petsamo in the Winter War were allocated places of dwelling in Finland’s territory. The majority of the Skolt Sámi who settled down in Sevettijärvi were Skolt Sámi people from the village of Suonikylä.
The Skolt Sámi Heritage House operates in an old Skolt Sámi homestead that includes a “Skolt home” and its outbuilding. In connection with the Heritage House, there is an open-air museum which introduces the visitors to the summer place of the Suonjel sijd, or Lapp village.
In connection with the Skolt Sámi Heritage House there is a small museum shop that sells Skolt Sámi crafts and literature. Free entry.


Data published recently in the British Medical Journal found that children in England who received GSK’s Pandemrix vaccine during the 2009-10 H1N1 swine flu pandemic had a 14-fold heightened risk of developing narcolepsy, a chronic and potentially debilitating sleep disorder that can cause hallucinations, daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, a form of muscle weakness precipitated by strong emotion.
Authors of the study – whose results echo those of similar studies in Sweden, Finland and Ireland – said the data had implications for the approval and use of future vaccines that, like Pandemrix, contain AS03, a new adjuvant, or booster, that turbo-charges the body’s immune response to the vaccine.
Scientists believe AS03 may be the culprit in the narcolepsy cases though they have yet to decipher the precise nature of the association.
That uncertainty poses a challenge for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which is considering an AS03-containing vaccine for use in the event of an H5N1 bird flu epidemic. Like Pandemrix, which has not been approved in the United States, it is made by GSK and is almost identical in structure.
A 14-member panel of advisors to the FDA voted unanimously in November to recommend the vaccine to protect against bird flu. The panel considered early studies from Europe showing an increase in the number of narcolepsy cases but concluded that the potential benefit of the vaccine outweighed the risk.


The biogeography of mammals of fragmented sagebrush steppe landscapes
Journal of Mammalogy
We sampled small mammals of fragmented sagebrush steppe on the Snake River Plain, Idaho, and compared the effects of habitat isolation on their diversity, abundance, and species composition in 2 landscapes, kipukas, which are patches of sagebrush-steppe habitat that were isolated by late-Pleistocene and early-Holocene lava flows, and remnant patches of sagebrush steppe that remain within recently developed agricultural areas. Species richness decreased with increasing isolation in both lava and agricultural landscapes, and Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) was the only species found on kipukas that were isolated by more than 400–800 m, suggesting that many native sagebrush-steppe species may decline or disappear from fragmented sagebrush steppe. Density of small mammals increased with isolation on the agricultural patches, but decreased with isolation on kipukas; however, increased densities were entirely due to P. maniculatus. Diversity of small mammals on kipukas was highly correlated with absolute and proportional abundance of shrubs, probable indicators of sagebrush-steppe vegetation. Additionally, Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) may play a role in the low diversity and density of mammals on kipukas, because both diversity and density were lower where cheatgrass was present than where it was absent.
Hanser S, N Huntly. 2006. The biogeography of mammals of fragmented sagebrushsteppe landscapes. Journal of Mammalogy 87:1165-1174


Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati,is an independent island nation in the central Pacific Ocean. The permanent population is just over 110,000 (2015), more than half of whom live on Tarawa atoll. The state comprises 32 atolls and one raised coral island, Banaba. They have a total land area of 811 square kilometres (313 square miles) and are dispersed over 3.5 million km2 (1.4 million sq mi). Their spread straddles the equator and the 180th meridian, although the International Date Line goes round Kiribati and swings far to the east, almost reaching the 150° W meridian. This brings Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern Line Islands south of Hawaii, into the same day as the Gilbert Islands and places them in the most advanced time zone on Earth: UTC+14. Kiribati is the only country in the world to be situated in all four hemispheres.
Examples of what you can find in YouTube:
We Came to This Island With Nowhere to Stay (Scary) // #72 Kiribati (2020)
Traveling to the Least Visited Country in the World (2019)
Island Life in Kiribati! Surf, Foil and Maitinnara Family Reunion VLOG#7 (2019)
Kiribati from Above (2019)
Kiribati: a drowning paradise in the South Pacific | DW Documentary (2017)
Fish TRAPS and the DEATH of our DRONE! EP65 || Kiribati || Sailing the North Pacific (2020)
Disclaimer: all videos play within Google YouTube®. All rights reserved by its creators.


Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
involves breathing pure
oxygen in a pressurized room.
At sea level, a person is exposed to normal atmospheric pressure (or 1 ATM) and breathes approximately 21% oxygen. In a hyperbaric chamber, this is increased to 100% oxygen and 1.5 to 3 times the normal atmospheric pressure. This allows the blood to carry more oxygen and deliver 15-25 times more oxygen to the tissues and organs of the body.
Oxygen has natural healing properties and increasing the amount that is circulating throughout the body, stimulates the release of substances called growth factors and stem cells, which promote healing.
HBO therapy is done by sitting in a chamber known as a hyperbaric oxygen chamber and using a mask or hood. In an HBOT therapy room, the air pressure is raised up to three times higher than normal air pressure. Under these conditions, the lungs can gather up to three times more oxygen than would be possible breathing pure oxygen at normal air pressure.
This extra oxygen can help where healing is slowed down by infection or where blood supply is limited by damage to the tissues. It encourages new blood vessels to grow and carry additional blood and increases the ability of the body’s defense mechanisms to fight infection and kill bacteria.
Mechanisms of Action
The History Hyperbaric Therapy
The use of HBOT dates back nearly 350 years. The first hyperbaric chamber was created in 1662 by British physician Henshaw who named it a domicilium. The clinical use of HBOT started in the mid-1800s. In the early 1930s, the military developed and tested HBO for purposes specifically in the area of deep sea diving and aeronautics.
During the 1960s, studies began on a wide variety of indications for HBOT. In 1955, physician Churchill Davis studied the use of hyperoxia (an excess of oxygen in the system) to increase the effectiveness of radiation used for cancer patients.


A study released today confirms that significant emergency preparedness enhancements have been implemented by Bruce Power over the past 10 years, making the site safer, stronger and better prepared to deal with even the most unlikely emergency.
The study, commissioned by Bruce Power and completed by Kinectrics, a leader in providing life-cycle management services for the electricity industry, analyzes the consequences for a range of potential but highly-unlikely accident scenarios. The study has determined that off-site protective actions would not be required because any potential off-site risks to the public – even in the most unlikely situation.
Soon after an earthquake and tsunami crippled a nuclear plant in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011, the world’s nuclear plants – including Bruce Power – underwent thorough reviews and made upgrades and changes to ensure lessons learned were captured at their facilities. Bruce Power has spent tens of millions on post-Fukushima enhancements in the decade since, including installation of Shield Tank Overpressure Protection on all units, which removes the need for radiological venting to the environment.
Bruce Power will provide input from this study to the Office of the Fire Marshall and Emergency Management in support of the ongoing enhancement process, which is expected to result in a revised PNERP in 2022. This input will help validate changes made to emergency planning zones surrounding the Bruce Power site as part of the 2017 PNERP update.


Data can be defined as the information stored in machine readable language consisting of confidential information which can be personal information of the customers of a company or the financial records of individuals who rely upon a banks and financial institutions to safeguard their money or funds. Hence, it becomes very important for each organization, not only financial institutions, to keep the data in an ultra-secure environment, rather than losing it to hackers or spammers who may misuse the vital information and cause extreme financial losses to the organizations and the individuals.
But what happens when, the data is no longer required or the devices where the data resides have reached their device lifetime and require refurbishment or disposal? It just cannot be simply deleted or scraped as junk, because it still carries potential threat to the organization as it might be misused for frauds or personal gains. As the deleted data can be still be retrieved using specialized software or programs. This is the stage when professional data destruction comes into play.
So let’s take a look at how professional data destruction works. The process begins with ensuring that data privacy is taken care off and there are no probable leakages from where the data lands up in the hands of uncouth professionals or individuals who may misuse it for their personal gains. Then begins the stage of hard drive/disk shredding, in this process all the data is shredded into redundant information, which cannot be understood or read by humans as well as machines. The final stage of professional data destruction ensures that no residual data which can pose any threats of breaching data privacy is present on any of the devices undergoing the process of asset disposal.
RK Recycle has mastered the art of onsite and offsite data destruction and asset disposal, to ensure that the data to be discarded is completely destroyed by using the most efficient and best practices in the industry. RK Recycle also has a variety of offerings in its spectrum of services which includes, data erasing, hard drive sanitation, hard drive/disk shredding with maximum attention to ensure that the data has been completely erased.


The Manitoba Museum is hosting a Dome@Home in honour of Manitoba Day.
On May 12, 1870, the Manitoba Act was created, and today marks its 152nd anniversary.
Dome@Home is a recurring weekly event that the Manitoba Museum puts on, and today they are focusing on Manitoban skies and local astronomical history.
The online show has slowly transitioned from centring on local constellations and where the planets could be seen to spacecraft history and explaining high-tech tools used today.
Scott Young, the Planetarium Astronomer at the Manitoba Museum, says, "As we approached Manitoba Day, we thought, well, what are the Manitoba space stories that we could tell? That's when we started thinking of the Churchill Rocket Range and talked to our museum colleagues and put together a little program on that."
The Churchill Rocket Research Range was the only spaceport in Canada in the 1950s and it was used to send rockets into space to study the northern lights.
"There's this whole, sort of, hidden space story for Manitoba that a lot of Manitobans know nothing about," says Young.
On Sunday night, starting at 9:30 pm, there is also a total lunar eclipse, and even though the sky looks to be cloudy for the weekend Young is not worried.
"We're going to do a live stream for the eclipse no matter what, because we have friends all across the country who have also been doing astronomy shows online. We basically got arrangements in place that if one place is cloudy we can use the feed from, you know, we got friends out in New Brunswick, over in Edmonton, and out in Vancouver," says Young. "Wherever it's clear, somewhere it's going to be clear, and we'll get a feed to broadcast to our show."
Young says that the show is a great way to connect with others and to join a community of people who enjoy learning about space.
The Dome@Home show is available on the Manitoba Museum's Facebook page and YouTube channel.
The Manitoba Museum has other events planned for the summer months, find out more on their website.


The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic saw drastic reductions in travel and other economic sectors across the globe that greatly decreased air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. These dramatic changes occurred quite suddenly. This abrupt set of changes gave scientists the unprecedented opportunity to observe the results of changes that would ordinarily have taken years if they came about through regulations and gradual behavior shifts.
A comprehensive study by Caltech on the effects of the pandemic on the atmosphere has revealed some surprising results.
The biggest surprise is that even though carbon dioxide emissions fell by 5.4% in 2020, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere continued to grow at about the same rate as in previous years. According to the researchers, the reasons are that the growth in atmospheric concentrations was within the normal range of year-to-year variations caused by natural processes and, in addition, the ocean did not absorb as much CO2 because of the reduced pressure of CO2 in the air at the ocean’s surface.
A second result involved the reduction in nitrogen oxides, which led to a reduction in a short-lived molecule called the hydroxyl radical, which is important in breaking down gases including methane in the atmosphere. Reducing nitrogen oxides is advantageous with respect to air pollution, but they are important for the atmosphere’s ability to cleanse itself of methane. In fact, the drop in nitrogen oxide emissions actually resulted in a small increase of methane in the atmosphere because it was staying there longer.
The main lesson learned is that reducing activity in industrial and residential sectors is not a practical solution for cutting emissions. The transition to low-carbon-emitting technology will be necessary.
Emission Reductions From Pandemic Had Unexpected Effects on Atmosphere
Photo, posted March 22, 2020, courtesy of Greg via Flickr.
Earth Wise is a production of WAMC Northeast Public Radio.


Micro-VMs, or micro virtual machines, are hardware-isolated virtual machines created by a microvisor to help ensure secure computing environments. Micro-VMs, or microVMs, are used in micro-virtualization to isolate individual computing tasks that work with data originating from unknown sources.
With micro-virtualization, the Xen-based microvisor that creates each microVM is able to isolate these computing tasks from other computing tasks, applications and network systems. Because each micro-VM is isolated from other micro-VMs as well as the operating system itself, a micro-VM that becomes infected by malware will be completely destroyed when the micro-VM shuts down, preventing the malware from being able to corrupt other tasks, apps or the system itself.
The hardware-isolated micro-VMs stand in contrast to software sandboxing, which can leave the operating system vulnerable to malware. Micro-VMs are restricted to accessing a minimal set of operating system resources and are unable to interact with other system processes, ensuring security while also limiting potential latency and bottleneck issues.
MicroVM Examples and Use in Windows 10
The tasks that micro-VMs handles are the computations that take place within applications as well as within the system kernel, and examples of user tasks that micro-VMs can secure cover everything from accessing a web page to opening a document or spreadsheet to analyzing complex data.
The micro-virtualization technology was originally developed by desktop security firm Bromium in 2012 as part of the company’s vSentry product. In July 2015 Bromium announced a partnership with Microsoft to ensure Bromium’s micro-virtualization and micro-VM technology would be integrated in Windows 10 to help make the operating system “the most secure endpoint solution on the market.”


ABSTRACT Different sources of microbial biomass have drawn attention as novel ingredients for aquaculture feeds. In the present study, isotopic measurements were applied to determine the contribution of dietary nitrogen supplied by two sources of microalgal biomass and fish meal, to the growth of shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Microalgae Schizochytrium sp. and Grammatophora sp. were isolated from the Sea of Cortez and massively cultured to obtain sufficient biomass. Experimental diets were formulated with low levels of microalgal biomass replacing 5 and 10% of fish meal nitrogen. Nitrogen stable isotope values were determined in ingredients, diets, and shrimp to estimate the relative contributions of the dietary nitrogen and dry matter supplied by these ingredients to the somatic growth. At the end of a feeding trial, significant differences were observed in mean final weight gain. Dietary nitrogen contributions from microalgae were similar to established dietary proportions, but when estimated on a dry matter basis, nutritional contributions were different for a diet containing 10% of Schizochytrium, which contributed 24% of dry matter to growth. Results demonstrate that low dietary inclusion levels of microalgal biomass elicit similar or higher growth rates than diets based on a fish meal only. Isotopic data indicated that microalgae actually contributed protein to tissue accretion.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Facultad de Recursos Naturales. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar
Latin american journal of aquatic research v.46 n.1 2018
Nutritional contribution of fish meal and microalgal biomass produced from two endemic microalgae to the growth of shrimp Penaeus vannamei


The Great Barrier Reef, also called the rainforest of the sea, is one of the most complex ecosystems in the world.
Located off the shore of Queensland, Australia, the Great Barrier Reef extends over 1,400 miles and contains more than 3,000 individual reefs. The Reef is home to countless sea animals, including 1,500 different species of fish and 400 types of hard coral.
Unfortunately, since the late 1980s, the Reef has shrunk and lost about 50% of its original population.
The main cause? Coral bleaching. Change in water temperature, a result of climate change, causes corals to get stressed and expel algae. These algae give corals their colorful pigments, so by expelling the algae, the coral is left completely white.
Since the 1990s, there have been five widespread bleaching events in the Great Barrier Reef. The most recent was in 2020, striking the northern, central, and southern regions of the Reef. Usually, the peak temperature occurs in late February or early March. However, in December of 2021, scientists found extremely high levels of heat, with the Reef on the verge of mass bleaching.
Australia's Plan For The Reef
On January 28, 2022, the Australian Government announced a commitment of $1 billion to preserve the Great Barrier Reef. This funding includes the monitoring of the reef, extensive research, and hopefully, effectively stopping the key threats to the reef.
However, some speculate that this funding is just a desperate attempt to prevent the reef from being placed on the World Heritage “in danger” list. While scientists appreciate the money, they also criticize the government for failing to take proactive action. They are concerned about the government’s constant support of greenhouse gas emissions and the use of fossil fuels which are the leading causes of climate change. While the funding revolves around water quality, they believe climate change as a whole should be addressed.
With luck, scientists and the government, together, can preserve this irreplaceable site of natural beauty before too little is left to save.
Sources: BBC, Grist


During labor and delivery, the most desirable position for the birthing process is head down. However, that doesn’t always happen. The baby can end up in breech position when entering the birth canal, causing some complications.
When you are pregnant, it is common to feel your baby move around, upside down, sideways, all over. Sometimes you can even make out the head or foot poking at odd angles against your abdomen. It’s cute to watch, but once te delivery gets near, your little one should settle down with its head nicely situated down toward the birth canal.
In the weeks immediately before labor, the baby gets ready for delivery. The baby will change position so that he or she can pass through the birth canal. The “head down” position is the way your baby wants to be before delivery day. With the head first, the doctor will be able to clear the airway and nasal passages immediately upon delivery.
The term “breech” is used to describe the baby’s position when he or she is not turned head down for delivery. What are the reasons for a breech presentation of a baby? There can be several:
There are three different classifications of breech positioning:
What to do?
An ultrasound alerts your doctor that the baby is in the breech position. If it is confirmed that the baby has not moved into the head down position as you approach full term (at least 37 weeks), the doctor has a few options:
Discovering that your baby is in a breech position does not mean that you will necessarily have a difficult labor or a cesarean section. Your doctor will use different methods before labor to correct the breech and will continue to monitor your baby’s position during labor in order to deliver your baby safely to your waiting arms.


The murders George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Rayshard Brooks and so many others, led to protests against police brutality across America’s cities. The country found itself in the midst of a racial reckoning, with mayors challenged to find ways to better address racism and policing in their communities. Boston University’s Initiative on Cities took this issue to 130 mayors from different political backgrounds, and published the findings in their latest 2020 Menino Survey of Mayors on Policing and Protests.
The findings include:
- A majority of mayors surveyed believe that police treat Black citizens more harshly than white citizens. However, the survey reflected a wide partisan divide.
- Almost 40 percent of mayors surveyed do not believe that police violence is a problem in their community.
- Very few mayors support shrinking their police budgets, with 8% describing their budgets as too small
The 2020 Menino Survey of Mayors details perspectives shared by a representative sample of more than 100 mayors leading U.S. cities with populations of more than 75,000 residents. Now in its seventh year, the Menino Survey is based on live interviews with mayors on their pressing challenges, priorities, and expectations for the future.
2020 Menino Survey: Covid-19 Recovery and the Future of Cities
With Covid-19 having major implications across the nation, America’s mayors express concern about the future of their cities in the aftermath of the pandemic. The latest Menino Survey of Mayors brings together a collective insight on what’s needed to help American cities bounce back from Covid-19. The report outlines mayors’ responses to the global pandemic, […]More


2012 Western Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Measured From Space
The TRMM satellite has now been making highly accurate measurements of rainfall from space for fifteen years. TRMM can be used to calibrate rainfall estimates from other additional satellites. Those Rainfall data (3B42) are routinely created and stored at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The TRMM-based, near-real time Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center can be used to analyze rainfall over a wide portion of the globe. The TMPA analysis above shows the estimated amount of rain contributed by named tropical cyclones over the western Atlantic in 2012.
On average slightly more than 10 named storms occur in the Atlantic Ocean each season so nineteen named storms in 2012 was above normal. Several areas of the western Atlantic suffered from the destructive winds and deadly flooding that accompanied tropical cyclones during the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. The season started with tropical storms Alberto, Beryl and Debby forming near southeastern States. By the end of the season much of the eastern United States from the Louisiana coast through New York had received some rainfall from tropical cyclones. Hurricane Isaac caused deadly flooding along the Gulf coast but also resulted in some drought relief in the Mid-West. Hurricane Sandy was only a category two hurricane but caused numerous deaths and record breaking destruction extending from the Caribbean to the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States.
The highest amounts of rainfall in this analysis were over the Atlantic Ocean northeast of Puerto Rico in an area called the "Hurricane Alley". Warm ocean waters in this area supply the energy to form and sustain hurricanes.
Hurricane Nadine, the fifth longest-lived Atlantic hurricane on record, occurred in the a eastern Atlantic Ocean and all of Nadine's rainfall isn't shown in this analysis. The TRMM satellite frequently flew above when Nadine was active from September 11, 2012 to October 4, 2012. Click here to see more TRMM information about rainfall with long lasting Nadine.
TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA.


Discuss the prevalence of deforestation and its consequences in the US. Using course materials and web resources, discuss ways in which deforestation is being addressed and offer your opinion of ways efforts may be improved.
The Species Approach to Sustaining Biodiversity
Review the following statements and choose one that best describes your feelings towards wildlife. Defend the statement you choose by providing at least three reasons for your point of view. •As long as it stays in its space, wildlife is okay. •As long as I do not need its space, wildlife is okay. •I have the right to use wildlife habitat to meet my own needs. •When you have seen one redwood tree, elephant, or any other form of wildlife, you have seen them all, so lock up a few of each species in a zoo or wildlife park and don not worry about protecting the rest. •Wildlife should be protected.
The Ecosystem Approach to Sustaining Biodiversity
The harmful effects of deforestation can reduce biodiversity and the ecological services provided by forests on a global scale. Characteristics of deforestation include acceleration of flooding in surrounding areas, regional climate change from extensive clearing of forested areas, decreased soil fertility from erosion, and premature extinction of species. Discuss the prevalence of deforestation and its consequences in the US. Using course materials and web resources, discuss ways in which deforestation is being addressed and offer your opinion of ways efforts may be improved
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Important Facts For Prelims
Switch To Hindi
- 29 Oct 2019
- 1 min read
Cyclone Kyarr is a tropical cyclone that has intensified west of India in the Northern Indian Ocean’s Arabian Sea as a Category 4 storm with 150 mph winds.
- According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Cyclone Kyarr is the first Super Cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea in the last 12 years.
- It is likely to continue its movement north-west towards Oman coast.
- It has been named by Myanmar.
- This made Kyarr the second most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Indian Ocean’s the Arabian Sea.
- The only stronger storm on record in the Arabian Sea was 2007’s category 5 Tropical Cyclone Gonu.
- According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), only four other Category 4 or stronger tropical cyclones besides Kyarr have been recorded in the Arabian Sea, since 1998:
- Gonu, 2007 (165 mph winds, the only cat 5 on record in the Arabian Sea)
- Phet, 2010 (145 mph winds)
- Chapala, 2015 (140 mph winds)
- Nilofar, 2014 (130 mph winds).


A good internet antivirus software protects the body from equally internal and external threats. It is capable of encoding your computer’s data against known malware and malware, as well as finding unknown threats on the darker web. Although many experts consider this to be to be of little apply, it’s even now vital for your pc’s cover. These days, attacks are no longer the ideal threat on your computer’s consistency. Instead, cyber-attacks are on the rise. For this reason, every computer user should have a internet antivirus software installed.
Statistics indicate that cybercrime will definitely cost the global overall economy $6 trillion total av antivirus by simply 2021. Although the cost of a single cyberattack is less than one percent of GDP, recovery from the attack can take more than six months. In addition , 43% of business pcs have been the victims of social system schemes. This means that antivirus software program alone are not enough to take care of computer safeguarded. The best way to secure yourself is by using smart surfing habits and use antivirus software.
Also to antivirus software for PCs, cyber-attacks can aim for mobile devices. Mobile phones, such as mobile phones, are prone to malware. Viruses can wipe out important information, eradicate data, and corrupt the body. Most infections are unfold through email attachments, net downloads, and i phone applications. Users should never available any anonymous e-mail accessory or download apps coming from untrusted sources. However , if you trust the origin of a downloaded program, it could contain a contamination.


If you live in the U.S., or anywhere else that’s not the U.K. you may not be very familiar with the Chorleywood baking process for bread. And no, it’s not just another name for no-time dough. It is a whole other process, that has some very intriguing points and uses.
To get a birds-eye view of the process, I bring Michael Addams onto today’s show. He is the Bakery Science Manager at Campden BRI, a membership-based organization that works with the global baking industry to help problem solve with ingredients and products, answering the questions behind the science of baking.
Based in the U.K., the organization is very familiar with the Chorleywood baking process. This dough-making method originated in England after WWII, as bakers needed to find a way to utilize their home-grown soft wheat.
So what is the Chorleywood process?
Michael explains the key components of this quick-time dough that relies on the mechanical development of gluten. The dough is mixed not to a certain time, but to a certain energy input. A few things we discuss are:
- Why is flour type so important to this process?
- Why does it rely on a special type of mixer?
- Do dough conditioners need to be used?
- What all kinds of bread can you make with it?
- What are some new advancements?
While this method of baking may not be used much around the world, it does offer some interesting points of discussion and insight science behind dough and mixing. So get ready to learn something new!
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Cohoctah Township was originally known as Tuscola Township
1833 Settlers and speculators began purchasing land in Tuscola Township
1857 the name was changed to Bristol Township
1867 the name was changed to its present name
It is believed that Cohoctah was the name of a former Native American chief, and means "many trees in water," although no one knows for sure
The territory was bought by two types of purchasers; those intending to develop and settle the land and those looking to be investors.
1833 - First settler was a trader named Gilbert W. Prentiss, who made two claims in the NE 1/4 of section 22, totaling 120 acres.
1834 - Second settler and the first permanent resident, was John Sanford from New York. He began what was known as the Sanford Settlement in section 27 (Byron and Chase Lake Road), which was for some time the center of the township's population.
1836 - Three-quarters of the township's acreage was purchased in one year, beginning in May, average size of 146 acres per sale.
1836 - The first surveyor's record of the first regular highway in Cohoctah, from Howell to John Sanford's residence.
1846 - The first grist mill and dam were built on a 40 acre tract of land in the North part of section 36 on Bo-bish-e-nung creek, which at this point had a fall of over 13 feet. About the same time a small store was built, and soon a village began to develop. It was called Chemungville after a county in New York. The post office was called Oak Grove.
In the late 1850's or 1860's, the area known as Sprungtown grew up around a steam sawmill near the current Cohoctah Center.
Named after a prominent citizen, Isaac Sprung, at its peak Sprungtown contained two stores, two blacksmith shops, about a dozen homes, and a population of 50.
It was hoped that the railroad would come to Sprungtown, but was instead built through Tuscola, which was started shortly after Sprungtown.
1874 - The Sprungtown post office was moved to Cohoctah. The other post office in the township remained in Oak Grove.
Sources: Mrs Chester Randles in History & Folklor of Livingston County (1969, Livingston County Extension Council) and History of Livingston County, Michigan, 1880.


During the seminar, which took place on September 8, 2021 at Targi Kielce, the development direction of the recoverable BURSZTYN rocket was presented. During the meeting, the topic was presented by dr inż. Adam Okniński, head of the Department of Space Technologies at the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation. BURSZTYN is a rocket with a length of 4.6 m, capable of reaching speeds of 1.3 km / s. According to the announcements, it is to be able to lift loads weighing up to 10 kg to a height of nearly 100 km (at the same time, it will be possible to achieve a higher apogee with a correspondingly smaller load). BURSZTYN consists of three engines: one main and two auxiliary rockets. The side engines are designed to work for at least 6 seconds – using solid propellant for this purpose, they generate a total thrust of 32 kN. The hybrid main engine, on the other hand, is powered by polyethylene burnt in the presence of the above-mentioned 98% hydrogen peroxide. Generates 4 kN of thrust for 40 seconds of operation. As emphasized, it is the use of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant that makes the project unique. H2O2 is an ecological substance, structurally similar to water. It is an oxidant with properties similar to liquid oxygen, although unlike liquid oxygen, it can be stored in a liquid state at room temperature and has better parameters in terms of flight performance. Due to these properties, H2O2 can be stored in the tank for longer periods.
Going a bit beyond the AMBER rocket itself, but staying on the topic of engines using highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide, it is worth recalling the words of Dr. Okniński that it would be possible to equip satellites with Polish propulsion solutions based on H2O2. It is expected that the first Polish satellites to use a hydrogen peroxide engine would be Polish ImAging SATelites (PIAST), the recipients of which are the Polish Armed Forces.
The full article is here.


Hail Eris Again!
In Bob we trust!
(Hint: Follow the links above to get your pony!)
LOS ANGELES – A distant, icy rock whose discovery shook up the solar system and led to Pluto’s planetary demise has been given a name: Eris.
The christening of Eris, named after the Greek goddess of chaos and strife, was announced by the International Astronomical Union on Wednesday. Weeks earlier, the professional astronomers’ group stripped Pluto of its planethood under new controversial guidelines.
Since its discovery last year, Eris, which had been known as 2003 UB313, ignited a debate about what constitutes a planet.
Astronomers were split over how to classify the object because there was no universal definition. Some argued it should be welcomed as the 10th planet since it was larger than Pluto, but others felt Pluto was not a full-fledged planet.
After much bickering, astronomers last month voted to shrink the solar system to eight planets, downgrading Pluto to a “dwarf planet,” a category that also includes Eris and the asteroid Ceres.
Eris’ discoverer, Michael Brown of the California Institute of Technology, said the name was an obvious choice, calling it “too perfect to resist.”
In mythology, Eris caused a quarrel among goddesses that sparked the Trojan War. In real life, Eris forced scientists to define a planet that eventually led to Pluto getting the boot. Soon after Pluto’s dismissal from the planet club, hundreds of scientists circulated a petition protesting the decision.
Eris’ moon also received a formal name: Dysnomia, the daughter of Eris known as the spirit of lawlessness.
Eris, which measures about 70 miles wider than Pluto, is the farthest known object in the solar system at 9 billion miles away from sun. It is also the third brightest object located in the Kuiper belt, a disc of icy debris beyond the orbit of Neptune.
Eris had been without a formal name while astronomers grappled over its status. Brown nicknamed it “Xena” after the fictional warrior princess pending an official designation. He admits the new name will take some getting used to.
“It’s a little sad to see Xena go away,” he said.


Raising an individual with a disability presents a different set of obstacles then an abled individual may, but one topic that all parents must address is sexuality. Individuals with disabilities are sexual beings and therefore deserve an education on sexuality. While parents may acknowledge this need, finding resources and strategies to present the information may be more difficult if you are raising an individual who requires a different method of learning.
The Sexuality Resource Center for Parents provides a well rounded variety of information pertaining to sexuality. The website includes a section of information labeled “for all parents” that contains subjects they believe are useful for all children. In addition, they provide sections titles “For parents of children of typical development”, “For parents of children with developmental disabilities”, and “For parents of children with physical disabilities”. In each section, you can find a variety of information such as basics, specifics, activities, and additional resources. They also include tip guides!
The Sexuality Resource Center for Parents works to provide a better, comprehensive information base for parents to use when addressing sexuality to their child. The variety of knowledge is extremely useful when trying to find information to meet your child’s specific needs. In their own words, their mission statement claims “It’s time to acknowledge that children with developmental disabilities will become adults with sexual feelings, and as such, we must provide them with the information and skills they’ll need to become sexually healthy adults.“


If you’re one of those people who thinks green energy is great and all, but wind turbines are just too noisy and ugly, then we can’t say we totally agree with you. But you’ll approve of a new technology which uses turbines buried within water pipes to generate clean power. They don’t make noise, they don’t ruin horizons, and, most importantly, they seem to actually work.
In Portland, Oregon, the city installed four of these pipe turbines along a single water pipe earlier this year, and this week announced that they’re successfully generating enough power for about 150 homes.
Portland is the first US city to sign a long-term contract with Lucid Energy, the pipes’ creators. The project cost the city $1.5m to install, but the profits from the energy created and sold to local energy suppliers will be shared between Lucid Energy and the local water bureau.
There’s a limit to how environmentally friendly these pipes are, however. As Gregg Semler, Lucid Energy’s CEO, explains in the video below, “all we’re doing is recapturing energy that exists inside these pipelines” – the water has already been pushed down the pipes using traditional sources of energy, which the turbines only recuperate some of.
The technology essentially represents a more efficient way to use energy in the water system, rather than a way to bring energy from natural sources into the grid.
On the other hand, the water turbines’ lack of contact with nature is also an advantage: energy production isn’t reliant on the weather, and there’s no thread to nearby birds or animals. As Semler also notes, the technology could be installed anywhere (Lucid Energy simply replaces a water pipe with one of their turbine-equipped pipes).
And, of course, they’d be a far easier sell for NIMBYs than wind turbines.This article is from the CityMetric archive: some formatting and images may not be present.


What is ailing the reindeer?
A blood sample from a 3.5-year-old female reindeer slightly underweight was submitted for a CBC and a modified Knott’s tests.
Image 1-3: Modified Knott's test.
Image 4: Microfilariae are 140-169 µM in length with a blunt rounded tail and a sheath closely pressed against the body of the microfilariae extends only a short distance beyond the head and tail which makes it difficult to see
Rumenfilaria andersoni, is a filarid nematode (Family Onchocercidae, subfamily Splendidofilariinae). It was firs described from moose (Alces alces) in Ontario, Canada and mistakenly to occur in subserosal veins of the rumen. Adult worms are 55-144 µM in length. In addition to moose, infections have also been reported in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), white tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Infection in cervids have been reported in Alaska, Ontario and Finland. It may have been introduced into Finland in imported white-tailed deer from Minnesota donated by Finnish immigrants.
Case and photos provided by Dr. Gary Conboy.
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Have feedback on the cases or a special case you would like to share? Please email us. We will appropriately credit all submittors for any cases and photos provided.


In card games, a meld is a set of matching cards, typically three or more, that earn a player points and/or allow them to deplete their hand. Melds typically come in sequences of ascending cards belonging to the same suit known as runs ( ) or sets/groups of cards of identical rank ( ). Other ones may be marriage (e.g. K♥ and Q♥) and bezique (Q♠ and J♦).
Melding is typical in games of the rummy family, such as canasta and gin.
It is also used in other games such as mahjong. Melds are also made in some trick-taking games, such as pinochle and bezique.
- ^ "Card Games: Rummy Games". pagat.com.
- ^ Parlett (2008), pp. 489, 496 and 518.
- ^ Brown, Seth. The Little Book of Mahjong, 2018.
- ^ Parlett (2008), pp. 287-291, 295-296.
- Parlett, David. The Penguin Book of Card Games. London: Penguin (2008). ISBN 978-0-141-03787-5.


Geography Courses (GEOG)
1101 Physical Geography Lab (0-2). The laboratory is designed to reinforce understanding of topics discussed in lectures. To be taken with Geography 1301.
1301/GEOG 1301 Physical Geography (3-0). A geography of the earth with a survey of its atmosphere, oceans, landforms, and environmental regions.
2305 Fundamentals of Geography (3-0). Designed to meet the needs of those planning to teach geography in all grades. The course introduces physical, human, and world geography, as well as basic geographical terms and concepts.
3302 Human Geography (3-0). A study of human interaction with the earth’s natural environments considering the earth as the setting for human physical and cultural evolution.
3303 World Regional Geography (3-0). A survey of major world regions focusing on their distinctive physical and cultural characteristics and the role of each region in the world.
3304 Regional Geography of North America (3-0). A survey, within a regional framework, of the physical and human geography of the United States and Canada.
4381 Special Topics (3-0). A course dealing with selected topics in geography. (May be repeated once for credit when topic varies.)
4391 Research. A specialized course of directed reading or research for superior students majoring in history and/or requiring advanced geography credits for the completion of a multiple area minor. Must have departmental approval to register.


Kids and Mouthguards
Today, it is very common that children are involved in some form of sporting activity, from football to dance. Over two million teeth are knocked out every year in the U.S. largely during sporting activities. Wearing a mouthguard could have prevented a lot of those incidents.
According to the Academy of General Dentistry, dental injuries are more than 60 times more likely to occur without a mouthguard and sports players have a 1-in-10 chance of sustaining a face or dental injury during a season. A mouthguard is made of soft plastic and is customized to fit tightly around the upper teeth. Although a lot of sports do not require that their athletes were mouthguards during practice or the games, it is recommended that active children still wear one.
A mouthguard can save your child from painful injuries. If your child is involved in a high contact sport, you expect to pay for pads, helmets, shinguards or any other protective devices. However, most parents forget about the importance of protecting the mouth because a facial injury can have negative effects on your child, physically and emotionally.
The following is a list of what a mouthguard does to protect your child’s teeth:
- Absorbs the force of a blow to the lower jaw, which then lowers the risk of concussion
- Prevents the risk of injury to the upper front teeth
- Protects the teeth and gums of the children that wear removable orthodontic devices. The mouthguard holds them in place so that if the child were to get hit, the device would not block the airway
- Lowers the risk of damage to the jaw and teeth when the jaw snaps
- Reduces the risk of cuts and bruises to the tongue, lips and cheeks
Understanding the risks involved for a child in a sport that does not wear a mouthguard could persuade you into talking with your dentist. Talk to them and see if a mouthguard is right for your child.


NATIONAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE TOPONYMIC SYSTEM IN NEW ZEALAND ENGLISH
RUDN University (RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
About this paper:
Conference name: 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference
Dates: 11-13 March, 2019
Location: Valencia, Spain
Abstract:This paper provides an overview of the toponyms of a relatively new variety of English, New Zealand English. One of the significant influences on the development of New Zealand English has been contact with the Maori language and with Maori cultural traditions. This is reflected in the presence of a large number of Maori words in common use in New Zealand English. The purpose is to analyze the place and role of place names as a source of information about the national culture of New Zealanders. The paper explores the national and cultural, historic, social, economic and political aspects of place naming in New Zealand. New Zealand has two official languages – Maori and English. This has posed challenges for what to show on modern maps, charts, signs and other official documents. Place-names are an important aspect of culture and identity as they provide a location where history, events, landscapes, relationships and people are remembered, celebrated and reinforced. New Zealand had names for all the natural features within their physical environment before European contact. Mountains, rivers, coastlines, beaches, fishing spots, forests and landscapes, battle sites, and places of events associated with the earliest explorers, featured as symbolic representations of indigenous spaces.
The article deals with structural, semantic, etymological and linguocultural features of toponymic nominations in New Zealand. It is shown that the choice of a toponym in New Zealand as a carrier of meaningful information is the result of the intertwining of many extralinguistic factors.
Keywords: Place names, proper names, New Zealand English, Maori, New Zealand, toponymy, national and cultural feature.


Useful resources about climate change
101 ideas on living more sustainably
Browse our list of 101 things everyone can do to reduce emissions and improve our environment for inspiration on reducing your impact on the natural environment.
climate change in shropshire
A great explanation of Shropshire’s climate crisis from Shropshire Wildlife Trust – why it’s happening, the impacts Shropshire and what we can do about it.
calculate your carbon footprint
Some useful websites and calculators to help you understand your current carbon footprint and potential impact on the environment around you.
CARBON OFFSETTING IN SHROPSHIRE
Mark Fermor explains the potential for using carbon offsetting to help achieve zero carbon Shropshire by 2030 in this comprehensive whitepaper.
the cee bill explained in 2 minutes
An excellent video about the importance of The Climate & Ecological Emergency Bill and how you can get involved in shaping it for Shropshire.
the current climate emergency
A plan of action to achieve Zero Carbon Britain from the Centre for Alternative Technology, which looks at how to achieve zero carbon using today’s technology, while helping nature thrive.
resources for schools
Generation Zero and Deborah Murphy, a former deputy head teacher, have put together a schools’ pack on sustainability to use as stand-alone sessions with their KS3 students.
We hope this lesson will suit a range of settings including PHSCE, Citizenship; English – extend into persuasive letter writing; Flexible Learning Days; Catch up Literacy sessions; and Youth Club, Scouts, Guides, youth group sessions. There are nine elements
shropshire star article on zcs
This February 2021 article in the Shropshire Star explains more about Zero Carbon Shropshire’s net zero plan for the county.
cornwall's climate stories
A wonderful and insightful video created by Cornwall Climate Care to illustrate the impact of climate change on the local environment around the coast.
zcs interviews on bbc radio shropshire
Listen to Di Carrington, Belle Lewis and Dan Shillabeer talk about the work of Zero Carbon Shropshire on BBC Radio Shropshire.


Altissimo Studies for Alto Saxophone
Scales, Arpeggios, Trills, and Passages from Selected Works Presently, composers are freely writing for the altissimo register of the saxophone. What was once thought of as a register reserved for virtuosos, performance fluency in the altissimo is absolutely necessary for any aspiring saxophonist. The focus of these studies is not to teach the basics of performing in the altissimo, but to provide practical fingering patterns that will increase speed and fluency. Numerous studies are readily available that provide an introduction to altissimo fingerings, vocal/throat exercises, and patterns. However, many studies often provide numerous pages of scales and patterns that ask little more than to “play up an octave.” Saxophonists, then, are required to choose from an array of possible fingerings, often resulting in an inconsistent or “clumsy” altissimo technique. To complement those study books that provide fingerings, vocal/throat exercises, and patterns, Altissimo Studies provides precise fingerings for each pitch of the included altissimo scales, arpeggios, trills, and passages from the repertoire. These fingering patterns are designed specifically to increase speed and fluency in altissimo performance of the alto saxophone.
Title:Altissimo Studies for Alto Saxophone


|Details:|| A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776, Second Revised and Enlarged Edition; by Israel Daniel Rupp, with an Index by Ernst Wecken from the Third Edition (1931), and Added Index to Ships; 583 pp; Soft cover; Published: 1876, 1931, Reprinted: 2006; ISBN: 9780806303024; Item # GPC5045D
This work is concerned mainly with early Palatine immigration and contains 319 ships' passenger lists with a total of 30,000 names. The arrangement is chronological according to date of arrival, listing the names of the ships on which the passengers arrived and the places from which they emigrated. In addition, the appendixes list over a thousand early settlers who landed at some port other than Philadelphia, but who afterwards came to Pennsylvania from New York, North Carolina, and Georgia. Included are "Names of the First Palatines in North Carolina, 1709 and 1710," and "Names of Salzburgers Settled in Georgia, 1734-1741."
To those engaged in the study of American genealogy, this work will require no introduction. Over the years it has achieved a reputation as one of the most useful tools for identifying persons who came to North America between 1727 and 1776, and the demand for copies of it has not ceased since its original publication over 100 years ago.
"Thirty Thousand Names of Immigrants in Pennsylvania" Book Review


I think it is totally valid to use asserts in Ruby. But you are mentioning two different things:
- xUnit frameworks use
assert methods for checking your tests expectations. They are intended to be used in your test code, not in your application code.
- Some languages like C, Java or Python, include an
assert construction intended to be used inside the code of your programs, to check assumptions you make about their integrity. These checks are built inside the code itself. They are not a test-time utility, but a development-time one.
I recently wrote solid_assert: a little Ruby library implementing a Ruby assertion utility and also a post in my blog explaining its motivation. It lets you write expressions in the form:
assert some_string != "some value"
assert clients.empty?, "Isn't the clients list empty?"
invariant "Lists with different sizes?" do
one_variable = calculate_some_value
other_variable = calculate_some_other_value
one_variable > other_variable
And they can be deactivated, so
invariant get evaluated as empty statements. This let you avoid performance problems in production. But note that The Pragmatic Programmer: from journeyman to master recommends against deactivating them. You should only deactivate them if they really affect the performance.
Regarding the answer saying that the idiomatic Ruby way is using a normal
raise statement, I think it lacks expressivity. One of the golden rules of assertive programming is not using assertions for normal exception handling. They are two completely different things. If you use the same syntax for the two of them, I think your code will be more obscure. And of course you lose the capability of deactivating them.
Some widely-regarded books that dedicate whole sections to assertions and recommend their use:
is an article that illustrates well what assertive programming is about and
when to use it (it is based in Java, but the concepts apply to any


Feb 12, 2019
Timeless wisdom on controlling anger in personal life
and politics from the Roman Stoic philosopher and statesman
In his essay “On Anger” (De Ira), the Roman Stoic thinker Seneca (c. 4 BC–65 AD) argues that anger is the most destructive passion: “No plague has cost the human race more dear.” This was proved by his own life, which he barely preserved under one wrathful emperor, Caligula, and lost under a second, Nero. This splendid new translation of essential selections from “On Anger,” presented with an enlightening introduction and the original Latin on facing pages, offers readers a timeless guide to avoiding and managing anger. It vividly illustrates why the emotion is so dangerous and why controlling it would bring vast benefits to individuals and society.
Drawing on his great arsenal of rhetoric, including historical examples (especially from Caligula’s horrific reign), anecdotes, quips, and soaring flights of eloquence, Seneca builds his case against anger with mounting intensity. Like a fire-and-brimstone preacher, he paints a grim picture of the moral perils to which anger exposes us, tracing nearly all the world’s evils to this one toxic source. But he then uplifts us with a beatific vision of the alternate path, a path of forgiveness and compassion that resonates with Christian and Buddhist ethics.
Seneca’s thoughts on anger have never been more relevant than today, when uncivil discourse has increasingly infected public debate. Whether seeking personal growth or political renewal, readers will find, in Seneca’s wisdom, a valuable antidote to the ills of an angry age.
James Romm is the editor and translator of Seneca’s How to Die: An Ancient Guide to the End of Life (Princeton) and the author of Dying Every Day: Seneca at the Court of Nero (Knopf). He has written for the New York Review of Books and the Wall Street Journal, among other publications. He is the James H. Ottaway Jr. Professor of Classics at Bard College and lives in Barrytown, New York.


In this video we'll look at how to apply conditional formatting to a table with a formula.
Here we have a table that contains employee data.
Let's say we want to highlight people in this table who belong to group A.
Conditional formatting works well in a table, but you can't use structured references directly when you create the rule.
I'll use a helper column to help illustrate.
To highlight people in group A using structured references, we'd want to use a formula like this:
Translated, this means: the value in the current row of the Group column equals "A".
You can see the formula returns TRUE for all rows where the group is A, and FALSE for any other group.
However, if I try to use this formula to define a conditional formatting rule, Excel will complain.
This is because structured references are not recognized inside a conditional formatting rule.
The workaround is to use regular references. In this case, I need to use:
F5 equals A, with column F locked.
This allows the formula to highlight an entire row.
Now I'll use this formula to create the conditional formatting rule.
As you can see, the rule correctly highlights employees in group A.
Even though we can't use structured references, we still get some benefit from using a table, because Excel will keep track of the table range.
If I add some new data to the table, the table expands and Excel automatically extends the conditional formatting rule to cover the entire range.
I can verify this by checking the range inside the rule.
Next, I'll extend the rule a bit to make the worksheet more interactive.
I'll first put an "A inside cell F2, and then edit the formula to refer to F2.
That way a user can change the group being highlighted any time they want.
Notice Excel uses an absolute reference by default, which is what we need in this case.
Back on the worksheet, I can now change the value in F2 to any valid group, and Excel will automatically highlight the relevant rows.


At Rio Responsible Forestry LLC we like to leave as much of the original biomass as we can to leave those nutrients on site. Pile burning and lop are two examples of this, but our favorite is to chip the woody material for a variety of reasons.
What is Chipping?
Chipping is the shredding or fine cutting of woody material such as logs and branches into wood chips that range from dust sized particles to pieces that are 2 or 3 inches in length and up to half inch in width. This takes a large volume of material and allows us to break it down to take up less volume and keep the material on site by either piling it for use or dispersing it across the landscape.
Why Do We Like To Chip?
Takes a large volume of material and makes it a relatively small footprint
Chips break down over time replenishing top soil with nutrients
Creates an ecosystem of bacteria and fungi to decay the wood such as mycelium providing food to soil invertebrates
Prevents and slows erosion by taking the impact of the rain rather than the soil, as well as helps the soil retain its position instead of running off with the water
Protects the soil from the sun for water retention and allow bacteria and fungi to flourish as well as the trees
Beautifies, or "parkify", the landscape by creating uniformity across the soil
Whatever the job, we’ve got you covered. Contact us now.


How Hot Does a Coffee Maker Get?
Brewing a cup of coffee with a coffee maker requires water to be heated before it can pass through the grounds and be brewed. But how hot does a coffee maker get?
A typical coffee maker will heat water between 195-205°F.
Why Coffee Maker Temperature is Important
Temperature is an important factor when brewing coffee as it affects factors such as:
- Grind Size: If the water is too hot, it could over-extract and create a bitter cup. If it is too cool, the grounds may not be fully extracted.
- Taste: Too cold or too hot can adversely affect the flavor of the coffee.
- Aroma: Too hot and it can burn off the coffee’s natural flavors and fragrances.
General Brewing Recommendations
For most coffee, it is generally recommended to use water that is around 195-205°F. Lower temperatures will result in weaker coffee, while higher temperatures can scald the coffee, resulting in a bitter taste. If you’re not sure, start at a lower temperature and adjust accordingly.
And lastly, when in doubt, it may be best to consult the instructions for your particular coffee maker to determine its exact brewing temperature.
To get the best out of your cup of coffee, it is important to pay attention to water temperature. A typical coffee maker will heat water between 195-205°F, which is the optimal temperature range to brew coffee. Knowing general brewing recommendations as well as the instructions for your particular coffee maker can help you make the perfect cup of coffee.


How did Islam arise from the obscurity of seventh century Arabia to the headlines of the twenty first century? This Very Short Introduction answers that question; exploring the cultural and religious diversity of Islamic history. Adam Silverstein explains its significance and considers its impact on Islamic society today.
- Provides a chronological survey of the origins and subsequent spread of Islam throughout the world
- Demonstrates the cultural and religious diversity of Islamic societies
- Explores the story, sources, and significance of Islamic history and considers the way it shaped the present state of Muslim societies
- Relates the subjects relevance to the modern world
About the Author(s)
Adam J. Silverstein, Senior Lecturer in Jewish Studies and the Abrahamic Religions, King's College London
"The book is extremely lucid, readable, sensibly organised, and wears its considerable learning, as they say, 'lightly'." - BBC History Magazine
"I cannot imagine any reader not profiting from this tight-packed and intelligently presented text." - BBC History Magazine
"Brilliant little book...This highly approachable text is evidently backed by a deep scholarship and is full of eye-catching perspectives." - Steven Poole, The Guardian
"Silverstein, who teaches the subject at Oxford University, is up-to-date, shrewd and often witty..."
"the book's lucidity, intelligence and indeed its brevity make it an ideal introduction to the field of study..."
"The book is a gem, and it deserves a wide readership well beyond the academic community." - David Morgan, TLS


Asterisk ( * ) quantifier –
The asterisk quantifier matches zero or more occurrences of the pattern to the left of it.
In : import re In : re.findall('python*' , 'pytho') Out: ['pytho'] In : re.findall('python*', 'python') Out: ['python'] In : re.findall('python*', 'pythonnnn') Out: ['pythonnnn']
The python* will match zero or more occurrences n in the text.
Let’s say you want to match all the words that starts with P.
In : text = 'Python is cool. I practice python everyday.' In : re.findall('p[a-z]* ', text, flags=re.IGNORECASE) Out: ['Python ', 'practice ', 'python ']
Here, the pattern says that the word starts with a p followed by any character between a to z and the asterisk quantifier say give me zeros of more repetitions of the characters between a to z. We also used the re.IGNORECASE flag to make the pattern case insensitive. This will match uppercase as well as lowercase characters.
In : re.findall('p[a-z]* ', text) Out: ['practice ', 'python ']
If you want to match everything that starts with p, you will write.
In : re.findall('p.*', text, flags=re.IGNORECASE) Out: ['Python is cool. I practice python everyday.']
The pattern says that the text starts with a p. The dot ( . ) character matches any characters except a newline character and the asterisk quantifier says give me zero or more occurrences of any character except the newline character.
How to match an asterisk character ?
To match a asterisk character just escape the asterisk with a backslash.
In : re.findall('\*', '***python***') Out: ['*', '*', '*', '*', '*', '*']


The Hungarian people originated as nomadic herders in the Eurasian steppes of Siberia. Forged by tribal warfare, westward migration, and numerous invasions of their new homeland in the Carpathian Basin, Hungarians developed a fierce love of independence and freedom. The romanticized figure of the herdsman, and particularly the horseman (csikós)—in his traditional garb of loose-fitting shirt and linen pants, black boots, black vest, and a broad-brimmed hat with a feather tucked in the band—is a national icon, much like the American cowboy. Their saddles have no cinches; to mount, the rider steadies the saddle with downward pressure from his right hand. The csikósok have trained their horses to lie down on command, remaining prone while whips crack directly over their heads, a skill that supposedly originated as training for warfare. They also train their horses to sit like dogs to cast a patch of shade in which the rider can rest.
Herdsmen maintained oral traditions with songs and stories about the lonely herding life and the highwaymen who preyed upon travelers, reputedly robbing from the rich and giving to the poor. Today, herdsmen’s dances are still performed. These typically involve dancing with sticks or axes and individual displays of wild leaps, fancy footwork, and percussive slapping of boots.


Skills are widely regarded as being necessary for boosting productivity, stimulating innovation, and creating new jobs, while skill mismatches are often cited as being responsible for a lack of dynamism in the labor market. However, heavy investments in technical and vocational training programs are seldom a “silver bullet.” Recent evidence on skill building not only points to the core importance of foundational skills (both cognitive and social) for success in the labor market, but also emphasizes how jobs themselves can lead to learning and shape social competencies that, in turn, ignite innovation and create more jobs.
Basic cognitive and social skills are necessary for productive employment, and often acquired early in life.
Many technical and social skills can be built and developed through experience in the workplace and lead to sizable returns, especially during formative years in the labor market.
Pre-employment and on-the-job training can carry positive returns if they address market failures in the education and training system, are closely combined with work experience, and governed by a flexible and modern institutional structure.
More advanced skills can boost job creation by igniting innovation when countries are caught in traps of low skills and low productivity.
Pre-employment and on-the-job training alone are unlikely to solve a lack of dynamism in the jobs market.
Skill mismatches are most often assumed to originate on the supply side, with education and training systems being tasked to reduce the misfit; but this assumption need not be correct, as the incentives the system reacts to can be the source of the mismatch.
Even when skill mismatches are supply-side driven, the technical and vocational training systems in many countries lead to low returns, distance from private sector demand, and inequitable access.
Schools and training centers rarely include the formation of social skills as an explicit goal.


THUNDER BAY – The Province of Ontario Ont will send a First Nations and Treaties map to every elementary and high school in the province as a first step towards raising awareness about treaties.
The map will help teach students about the significance of treaties and the shared history of First Nations and non-Aboriginal Ontarians.
In partnership with First Nation leaders, new school curriculum about treaties is being developed to give students a better understanding of First Nation communities, cultures and perspectives. Ontario will also be working with First Nation partners to look for other opportunities to raise awareness and to better understand different perspectives on treaties and related issues.
Working with First Nations is part of the government’s plan that is creating jobs for today and tomorrow and focuses on Ontario’s greatest strengths — its people and strategic partnerships.
- A treaty is a negotiated agreement that sets out the rights, responsibilities and relationships of Aboriginal people and the Crown, including the federal and provincial governments.
- First Nations and Treaties is the first detailed map of treaties that the Ontario government has published since the 1940s.
- Prior to contact with Europeans, First Nations were distinct, independent nations.
- The treaties they made with the Crown reflect a mutual commitment to working together on areas of common interest and mutual benefit.
Ontario is covered by 46 treaties and other agreements such as land purchases by the Crown signed between 1781 and 1930.


By the second half of the 18th century, the most fashionable beverage throughout British society was tea, completely surpassing the taste for coffee-drinking. This mahogany tea chest contains two gilt-copper tea canisters, which attest to the wide array of tea accoutrements that were being produced domestically for Britain’s fashion-conscious tea drinkers. The canisters were produced at Bilston, an area in South Staffordshire which specialised in the production of caddies, boxes and other recipients painted with enamels in the newly fashionable Rococo style, which arrived from France in the early 1760s. Staffordshire enamels are characterised by flamboyant colours and assymetrical ornament, coupled with gilt scrolls and pastoral scenes often borrowed from French, Italian and Dutch paintings of the time.
The lid and base parts of these caddies were made from thin copper sheets pressed into shaped moulds to create their form. The surface of the copper would have been roughened with an acid solution to enable the application of enamels. Base colours such as white or pastel hues were applied, before transfer-printed outlines in black or brown were added to create the scenes. The transfer prints were then enhanced with hand-painted details, and white enamels would have been added in layers to create scrollwork in relief, a technique known as bianco sopra, which can be seen on the pink borders on both caddies. Every coat of applied enamel would have been fired in the kiln to create a hardwearing surface and a lustrous finish.


This Reference Book is based on presentations given by health and safety experts at the CIE/ICNIRP/NIST/USACHPPM Symposium on Measurements of Optical Radiation Hazards, held in Gaithersburg, MD, USA, from 1 to 3 September 1998. It provides an authoritative overview of the science on optical radiation hazards. The articles are written by internationally recognized experts with comprehensive experience in optical radiation research and the assessment of optical radiation hazards.
The intend of this publication is to provide guidance on how to measure intense light sources (i.e. UV, visible and infrared) and evaluate the potential hazards to the eye or skin. In addition to measurement, calculations are usually required to compare the measured exposure with optical safety limits. This determines the hazard level of the source. This reference book offers a unique source with which to catch up on the latest developments in this important field.
The objective of this "first-of-its-kind" overview is in many respects tutorial, to promote improved, standardized radiometric measurements of optical radiation hazards from ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation sources. In addition, the radiometric assessment of protective measures such as sunscreens, clothing and eye protection will also be covered. To achieve this goal, the first few chapters are devoted to a review of the photobiological basis of human exposure guidelines. The second series of chapters are devoted to the human health guidelines and standards (exposure limits), their rationale and any remaining uncertainties. Then, in the third group of chapters, actual measurements and instrumentation are considered.
This reference book is aimed, but not limited to: industrial hygienists, health physicists, optical physicists, photobiologists, safety engineers, and lighting engineers.
The volume contains 775 pages, and is softcover-bound.


Paradiso Canto 11
A Franciscan friar and Roman Catholic priest, Francisco Nahoe OFMConv focuses his scholarly efforts primarily on Renaissance rhetoric and Medieval philosophy. His present research and writing projects include work on Anglo-Saxon eschatology, European petrarchismo, and global rhetorics of science. He teaches at Zaytuna College in Berkeley, California.
Questions for Reflection
- Dante opens this canto by criticizing the human tendency to arrange ourselves in schools of disputation, devoting ourselves to polarizing arguments that divide and alienate us from each other. Why denounce this tendency in a canto dedicated to wisdom and theology?
- Why does Thomas Aquinas remind Dante that no human eye can plumb the abyss of divine providence (11.27-30)? Why is awareness of the limits of our knowledge so important for becoming wise?
- What was the divine vocation of Dominic and Francis, founders of two mendicant orders (religious orders that take vows of poverty in order to live among the poor and outcast), the Dominicans and the Franciscans (11.34-36)? Why would Dante discuss the mendicants in the heaven of the sun?
- Why do you think Dante has Aquinas, a Dominican, tell the life-story of Francis?
- (e) Who did Francis love and marry (11.57-75)? How is Francis a model of a martyr (11.100-108)? How does the example of Francis point us toward wisdom?
- Fr. Fr. Francisco Nahoe
- Zaytuna College
- Run Time 15:49


Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an English philosopher, writer, and feminist. She wrote her most important work, a philosophical treatise titled A Vindication of the Right of Woman, in 1792, and was writing a novelistic sequel to it, titled Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman, during her second pregnancy in 1797. She was unable to finish it, for she died in agony eleven days after giving birth to the author we all know as Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein. As a tribute, her husband William Godwin wrote Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of The Rights of Woman. Although the details revealed in the memoir led European society to ostracize Wollstonecraft, she is now regarded as a feminist pioneer. William Godwin (1756-1836) was an English political philosopher, journalist and writer. After Wollstonecraft's death, Godwin raised both Fanny Imlay (her first daughter) and Mary Shelley. Constanza Ontaneda was born in India and grew up in Peru, Brazil, Romania, and the United States. She has an MA in Latin American and Caribbean Studies from New York University and an MA in Publishing from Western Colorado University's Graduate Program in Creative Writing. She chose this as one of two culminating projects.


This course will teach the hazards that exist when entering and working in a confined space, are capable of causing injury, illness and death. When working around a confined space it is necessary to be aware of the dangers that exist in and around the confined space area. Students will learn safe practices when working around confined spaces. In addition, the Confined Space Awareness program can be used as an introduction to a confined space entry practical training.
The employer must ensure that each operator is evaluated to confirm that he/she understands the information provided in the training.
This class will cover the following subjects:
Identify the most common confined space hazards
Training on necessary steps to avoid those hazards
Flammable/combustible gases and vapors
Engulfment in solid or liquid
High noise levels
Grinding, crushing, or mixing mechanisms
Lack of lighting
Online SELA website, Scheduled onsite class, Program Package purchase.
SELA training conforms to OSHA CBT Training standards and ANSI Z490.1. Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health and Environmental Training. SELA Safety Council LLC. follows all ANSI training criteria’s.
SELA Safety Council LLC Copyright© 2020 All rights Reserved
Virtual Instructor-Led Training (VILT)
Virtual Instructor-Led Training (VILT) refers to training that is delivered in a virtual or simulated environment, or when instructor and learner are in separate locations. Virtual instruction environments are designed to simulate the traditional classroom or learning experience.


This evocative poem was written and published in the year of Henry Lawson’s death, 1922. It was probably Henry’s last poem.
On the Night Train
by Henry Lawson
HAVE you seen the bush by moonlight, from the train, go running by?
Blackened log and stump and sapling, ghostly trees all dead and dry;
Here a patch of glassy water; there a glimpse of mystic sky?
Have you heard the still voice calling — yet so warm, and yet so cold:
“I’m the Mother-Bush that bore you! Come to me when you are old”?
Did you see the Bush below you sweeping darkly to the Range,
All unchanged and all unchanging, yet so very old and strange!
While you thought in softened anger of the things that did estrange?
(Did you hear the Bush a‑calling, when your heart was young and bold:
“I’m the Mother-Bush that nursed you; come to me when you are old”?)
In the cutting or the tunnel, out of sight of stock or shed,
Did you hear the grey Bush calling from the pine-ridge overhead:
“You have seen the seas and cities — all is cold to you, or dead —
All seems done and all seems told, but the grey-light turns to gold!
I’m the Mother-Bush that loves you — come to me now you are old”?
Love this it is a song to can you please send me a download so I’ll have this beautiful song at home
I didn’t know it was a song, but a quick search has found it on YouTube: http://youtu.be/oEsoz5o6sAg


Desert Dunes | NambiaAerial
Namibia’s dunes are considered one of the world’s most beautiful natural wonders, recognised for their distinctive orange colour and towering height, with some reaching up to 300 metres. These dunes are part of the Namib Desert, one of the world’s oldest deserts, and are thought to be around 80 million years old.
The dunes are generated by the constant movement of sand, which is moulded by the winds, and the distinctive orange colour is caused by the presence of iron oxide in the sand. The stark difference between the orange dunes and the blue sky and desert makes for a beautiful sight.
The dunes are also home to many animals and plants that live in the desert. This makes them a great place to take pictures of wildlife and nature. Visitors can explore the area on foot or by 4×4, admiring the stunning scenery and the dunes’ unique geology.
Visiting Namibia’s dunes is a must-see location for anybody who enjoys nature, photography, and outdoor activities; it’s an opportunity to see one of the world’s oldest and most spectacular natural wonders, as well as to feel the immensity and magnificence of the Namib desert.


So it has been quite a while since we have been at Ryerson (almost a year atleast even for the newbies). Intrigued by a thought, I went around asking people that is friends, class fellows and totally random strangers at times, about where they thought Ryerson University got its name from. Unsurprisingly, the most common answer was something like “Umm from that guy whose name ends with Ryerson” or “from the guy who has that statue made for him..Egerton Ryerson?” Upon asking who exactly Egerton Ryerson was, not much came up apart from “some famous person?” and hardly 5% could point out that he was a prominent figure in 19th century Canada who played an important role in the field of education and politics, amongst others. Because of his immense contributions to public education, the institution that is now called Ryerson University was hence named after him at its founding in 1948. An amazingly beautiful portrait of Egerton Ryerson was donated to Ryerson Library’s archives by Chris Maybee Ryerson, the great-great grandson of Egerton himself, at a ceremony held on February 11. Check out the portrait here.
While digging up more interesting facts on the history of Ryerson University, I came across this picture .This is how Lake Devo looked like in 1978 when it first opened!
Also did you know that in 2001 husband-wife Nelson Mandela and Graa Machel received Ryerson honorary degrees making them the second married couple to have graduated together.
Want to know some more cool facts about Ryerson? Check this out.