Climate Control Systems
A vehicle's engine is cooled by a cooling fan, water pump, thermostat, radiator, heater core, and heater valve. These parts work together to dissipate and remove heat. The cooling system in your vehicle is responsible for reducing the temperature of the engine and preventing it from overheating. A build-up of excess heat can occur in various places within your vehicle's engine. The thermostat opens and releases antifreeze from the engine to the radiator when the engine reaches maximum operating temperatures, which initiates the circulatory flow to absorb excess heat. Other engine fluids are kept from boiling or freezing by the antifreeze. The antifreeze, after flowing through the engine, cycles back to the radiator where the excess heat escapes through the radiator's walls. The cooling fan cools the antifreeze so that it can be re-released into the engine to dissipate additional heat.
Antifreeze breaks down over time and loses its efficiency. Old antifreeze can lead to corrosion if it is not drained and replaced. Our staff will drain the antifreeze from the radiator, flush the cooling system, and fill the radiator with new antifreeze during a cooling system flush and fill. The cooling fan for the cooling system circulates air through the radiator and passes excess heat out of the engine. If your vehicle's engine overheats, it may be because the cooling fan has malfunctioned. Our experts will check the cooling fan for damage and the fan belt for cracks during an inspection of the cooling system service. A leak or broken radiator hose can lead to major engine failure because the radiator is responsible for cooling the antifreeze as it circulates throughout the cooling system. One way we can check for potential leaks or radiator damage is with a radiator pressure test. If you don't maintain your cooling system and radiator, you'll probably have to replace the radiator and do major engine or radiator repairs later.


In United States v. Fuller, the issue of grazing rights and eminent domain
were addressed. The case, which involved a rancher who owned land, leased
land in Arizona, and had a permit to graze on Federal lands, began when
the lands Fuller owned via eminent domain were taken by the Federal government.
However, under the 5th Amendment, the Federal government is required to pay fair market value
for these lands. The dispute arose over how to calculate the value.
- The United States argued that since Fuller did not have much land and could
not graze a lot of cattle, the land was not worth much. Additionally,
it was argued that, under the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934, permits do not
create any property interests.
- Fuller argued that although he did not own much of the land, he had permits
for the use of much of the adjacent Federal grazing land, allowing him
to use the small amount of land he owned to support a large cattle ranch.
He argued this fact gave the land a great amount of value.
The Trial Court found in favor of Fuller, but the United States appealed
the decision until the case went all the way to the United States Supreme
Court, where the decision was reversed, finding that Fuller had no property
interest in the grazing permits. Although it acknowledged that Fuller’s
grazing permits increased the amount someone would pay for Fuller’s
land, the Supreme Court stated that eminent domain does not always require
the government to pay fair market value. All that is required is “just
Given that Fuller would have received a substantially higher selling price
if he had sold his land on the open market, the decision was not fair to him.
California Eminent Domain Lawyers You Can Trust
At Allen, Semelsberger & Kaelin LLP, we have the experience, insight,
and skill to help you navigate even the most complicated eminent domain
matters. Over the years, our San Diego legal team has been selected for
numerous awards and successfully secured great results for our clients.
Contact us today at (888) 998-2031 to schedule a free case evaluation.


The Central Asian region has about 5% of the world’s natural capacities for capturing wind and solar energy, which provides ample opportunities to develop the renewable energy sector.
However, except for hydropower, especially in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in national energy balances is minimal in all CA countries.
The region’s significant potential for renewable energy is underutilized due to many financial, technical and social barriers.
Renewable energy is considered a priority for both the EU and the IFIs. In the EU, the share of the renewable energy sector more than doubled between 2004 and 2020.
In 2021, the European Commission introduced a revised Renewable Energy Directive and proposed to increase the mandatory target for the share of renewables in the EU energy mix to 40% by 2030.
“We are pleased that all the countries of Central Asia are also making efforts to expand the use of renewable energy. We believe that further development of the sector can help meet growing energy demand, strengthen the region’s energy resilience, meet Paris Agreement commitments and create new jobs and business opportunities.” EU’s representatives in Kazakhstan pointed out.
With the EU Strategy for Central Asia, the EU stands ready to support the countries of Central Asia in their current transition to green energy, including through targeted investments.


Both roofing systems and the structures they protect need to be resilient against numerous situations, including natural weather events like hurricanes. Hurricane Katrina brought disaster to the Gulf Coast, disaster that could have been minimized through the implementation of stronger building codes. Had stronger building codes been in place prior to the arrival of Hurricane Katrina, it is estimated that wind damage would have been reduced by 80%.
As natural disasters can occur at virtually any moment, improvements to infrastructure resiliency is of the utmost importance. Risk management strategies can help to reduce loss of property and life during extreme situations as well as reduce overall recovery time for a region. Buildings must following modern building codes when constructed and then continue to undergo updates as codes change in order to ensure rapid recovery post-disaster.
The design and development of roofing systems has also changed over the years due to several different severe weather events. For example, Hurricane Andrew resulted in a 30 mph increase in the minimum wind speed for wind-design standards across the United States. Additionally, enhanced uplift design testing and wind-borne debris standards were put in place by some coastal communities. In areas where extreme heat may occur, cool roofing standards have been put in place to help protect the occupants of city buildings.
The proper roof design also offers opportunity for increased access to auxiliary power and clean drinking water in events where buildings are isolated from traditional sources. Generally, locating power and water sources on rooftops is more effective as storm surges can threaten basement utility systems. Thermal roofing systems are also ideal when heating and cooling plants are not able to function properly for extended periods of time. These roofing systems can help regulate building temperature and ensure occupants are comfortable. Other potential design elements can include:
- Solar panels
- Wind turbines
- Increasing water and snow loads
- Increased insulation
In order to ensure that roofs are up to code and performing to the best of their ability, manufacturers and contractors will have to work hand in hand. Manufacturers should host contractor trainings when new installation techniques are developed in order to optimize product value and performance. Design elements and performance should be integrated to reduce both long-term costs and disruptions in general.
Are there other ways you can increase your building and roof resiliency? Tell us about it in the comments.
The information in the article is based off of knowledge from Metal Era.


What is Giving Compass?
We connect donors to learning resources and ways to support community-led solutions. Learn more about us.
Giving Compass' Take:
• Getting Smart writes about how students could change the future of their education and drive their own learning through helping collaborate and design their curriculums.
• How can educators and administrators ensure they are supporting students in the right ways and amplifying student voice when it comes to their education?
• Here's another article on the benefits of student-led programs.
In education today, there have been a lot of discussions in regard to what skills students may need for the future. Many times we hear conversations about “21st century skills” and how to best prepare students for life and work in the 21st century. Often these 21st-century references are followed by reminders that we are well into the 21st century. We are not only thinking of the future, but these are also the skills that our students need today.
According to Alan November, keynote speaker and international leader in educational technology, there are certain skills that students need and that teachers need to promote within the classroom. Students need to be taught “how” to learn and prepare for more than knowing the content, by developing skills that are transferable to multiple areas of life and work. During a keynote presentation, November stated: “I think we should begin to move more and more toward the skill side, because if we teach you to memorize and regurgitate content and your job is wiped out by technology, you’re not well prepared to reinvent yourself if you didn’t learn how to learn.”
Read the full article about student designed education by Rachelle Dene Poth at Getting Smart.


Demand is growing for organizations to demonstrate their adherence to best practice for Information Security. If you're considering the ISO/IEC 27001 certification for your organization, completing this course will give you the confidence to achieve this security milestone. In this course, you'll learn essential knowledge of what is required to get your organization certified to this international standard. First, you will learn how to download and interpret the standard documentation and formal text. Next, you'll learn the process you need to go through to attain certification. Then, you'll learn how to retain your certification once you have successfully become certified. Finally, you will learn what tools and support you should consider to help make the process as easy and rapid as possible. When you're finished with this course, you will have the skills and knowledge to get your organization certified to an international information security standard.
What you’ll learn:
In this course, you'll learn what's involved in the certification process, the major phases of initial certification, and maintaining your certification. Also included are many tips to help you succeed.
Requirements and prerequisites:
This course requires no prior knowledge, but it is advisable that you know some basic IT concepts.
Who this course is for:
This course is for everyone who wants to understand more about the ISO standard, how to go about getting your organization certified, and what the certification process entails.


“And the locusts sang off in the distance
Yeah, the locusts sang such a sweet melody
Oh the locusts sang off in the distance
Yeah, the locusts sang and they were singin’ for me”
“Day of the Locusts” Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan wrote this song after receiving an honorary degree from Princeton University at a time when the 17 year cicada was emerging in the New Jersey forests and he could hear it singing in the distance.
Cicadas are not locusts. Locusts are grasshoppers. Cicadas have sucking mouth parts; grasshoppers have chewing mouth parts. Cicadas hardly cause any damage; grasshoppers can cause extensive damage.
When I lived in New York, I witnessed the emergence of the 17 year cicada. Hundreds of thousands of cicadas crawled out of the ground; the males climbed to the treetops and serenaded the females. I was drawn to the eerie humming that could be heard a half mile away. As I walked into the area I was met by thousands upon thousands of flying female cicadas seeking out the males to begin the life cycle. It was an event I shall always remember.
Here in Florida, we are not blessed by the periodical cicada, but we do have a species that emerges every year. The life cycle is the same. Males sing to attract females. Females fly to males and mate. Females cut small slits in which to lay rice-shaped eggs. Nymphs hatch from eggs in 6 – 10 weeks, fall to the ground and burrow upwards to two feet where they latch on to the tree roots and suck fluids for nourishment. After being in darkness for two years, the nymphs crawl out of the ground onto the trunks of the trees. A split forms in the exoskeleton and out pops an adult cicada.
Imagine how the song may have changed had Bob Dylan known the true nature of the insect that sang in distant forests!


Goznak Printing Plant, Moscow
Prior to 1918, the printing of currency in Russia was carried out in the city of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) via the Imperial State Document Preparation plant. During the Russian Civil War, printing operations were moved to the city of Perm where a new plant for currency printing was established. During the course of the civil war, state currency was also printed in Moscow, Penza and Rostov-on-Don. To manage these locations, Goznak (Upravleniе fabrikami zagotovleniia gosudarstvennykh znakov), Management of Factories for Procurement of State Signs, was formed in 1919 by the People's Commissariat of Finance. Over time, Goznak’s outlying printing locations were closed and production was centralized in Moscow’s Khamovniki district. In Petrograd, Goznak maintained a paper processing institute. In 1921, Goznak moved its printing and general operations to Moscow’s Zamoskvorechye district.
Sources & Citations
Khodjakov M. V., & Lane A. (2014). Money of the russian revolution: 1917-1920. Cambridge: Scholars Publishing. (general overview of Russian Imperial and Soviet-era currency)
Pirani, S. (2008). The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920-24: Soviet Workers and the New Communist Elite. London: Routlege. (p. 255)
Katsenelenbaum Z. S. (1925). Russian currency and banking: 1914-1924. London: King. (p. 58)


What Are Lamb Clippers?
Lambs are often shown in competitions. To show the lambs off to their best advantage, it is common for the owners to shear the lambs prior to the competition. This gives the lambs a neat appearance and makes it easier for the judge to see the lamb’s muscles as well as how it moves. Lamb clippers are electric clippers that are used to remove the excess wool from a young sheep prior to its being shown.
When using lamb clippers it is a good idea to have the animal stand in the position it will use in a show. This helps to ensure that the shearing enhances the appearance of the lamb rather than detracting from it. If the lamb is standing in an awkward position it is easy to miss places that need to be clipped or to clip the wool unevenly. While it is good to have the lamb practice standing in its show stance, it should not be shorn too often. Frequent shearing may give the skin a loose, wrinkled appearance that is undesirable in a market lamb.
Lamb clippers are used on a show lamb anywhere from about 10 days prior to the show right up until the day of the event. The type of show and how long the lamb’s wool is supposed to be for judging controls how far in advance it should be clipped. A typical market lamb’s wool grows about one-third to one-half an inch per month (0.84 to 1.27 cm), though this can vary widely depending on the breed.
When using lamb clippers it is important to clip the coat close to the skin, but without cutting the lamb. The idea is to create a smooth, slick appearance that will show off the lamb’s features. Livestock combs with 20 or 23 teeth typically work best to achieve the desired effect. Alternately, the sheep can be sheared with special slick shearing lamb clippers, which will clip the wool very close to the skin.
Many different companies sell lamb clippers. Typically the clippers are also sold for use on other animals, such as goats and horses. Sometimes lamb clippers may be designed for dogs, but marketed for clipping small animals in general. It is important to make sure the clippers are powerful enough to cut through a lamb’s wool, since some lower-power types may overheat and the motor will burn out when they are overused.
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Every few weeks EDI fellows are split into three groups and each group is assigned a chapter from the book Adapt by Amina Khan. This blog post will discuss one of the presentations from the past week. The topic of the presentation was biomimicry, the design and production of materials, structures, and systems that are modeled on biological entities and processes. Patrick McElroy EDI’19, Frances Harrington EDI’19, Connor Holland EDI’19, Kevin Smedley EDI’19, and AJ Keels EDI’21 put together a very appealing presentation.
Their presentation specifically focused on current examples and potential implementations of biomimicry in cities around the world. They provided several examples of biomimicry in our Hampton Roads area, including a CHKD hospital in Norfolk and the Brock
Center in Virginia Beach. The CHKD hospital displays fish on the floor in part the hospital, and the fish react to any passerbys by avoiding their steps and swimming away. This simple implementation of nature in our community helps to calm down nervous kids before a procedure or provide a fun distraction for kids walking away from one. Another example, the Brock Center, was built next to Chesapeake Bay in Virginia Beach and the natural scene coupled with the
extremely green power of the building promote the center’s mission to make the world more eco-friendly. This tribute to the natural world implements biomimicry in the sense that the building itself was built near the beach. Being surrounded by
nature further represents the foundation’s commitment to making the world more like nature, the same goal biomimicry attempts to accomplish. Each of these buildings act as optimistic precedents for a more natural world in the future.


Source: Games for Everybody
Category: GAMES FOR ADULTS
This game is just for two and is similar to Tit-tat-to. Make a drawing
like the illustration and the game is ready.
[Illustration: A drawing of a stack of twelve rectangles topped with
an half-circle. These are numbered sequentially from the bottom.]
No. 1 chooses a figure which No. 2 must try to guess by indicating
with a pencil dot or mark at the side of the different spaces, until
he has guessed the number chosen.
The numbers in the different spaces marked by No. 2 are added to his
score; and those unmarked are added to No. 1.
Suppose No. 1 chooses 13, and No. 2 marks first 4, then 10, 9, 5, 2,
and finally 13, the sum of all these (43) will be No. 2's score, while
the sum of the numbers unmarked (48) belongs to No. 1.
The game may be played as long as is desirable, but it is more
exciting to have a fixed number, such as 300 or 500.
Next: PEANUT CONTEST.
Previous: SHOUTING PROVERBS.


In such days of harsh brutality and constant warfare, it was expedient for many churchmen – bishops, priests, friars and monks alike, to be attached to the warring armies.
Many monks, like this one from a North of England Lanercost Abbey, were enlisted into the armies of both Edward I and Edward II as they made their way northwards in their all too frequent sojourns against the Scots.
Lanercost’s proximity to Scotland made it an easy target of Scots attacks in retaliation for English raids, thus enflaming the conflicting desire in men of the cloth to take arms in retaliation.
In 1296 the Scottish army encamped at Lanercost after burning Hexham priory and Lambley nunnery and there were similar occupations under Wallace. As much in response, Edward I made several visits to the Priory. On his visit in 1306, Edward was already terminally weak and a failing shadow of his notorious self. It was on that final visit that he ordered his bed to be carried to the shores of the Solway Firth so that he could curse Scotland one last time, from across that water.
Eight years later, when his successor, Edward II made his last stop at Lanercost on his way to Bannockburn, it is perhaps not surprising that many of the monks armed themselves and joined his ranks in a rare opportunity to wreak retribution. How many, if any returned from that adventure is not recorded.


3 HappyNeuron Pro Exercises For Aphasia
Are you working with people that have Aphasia?
Here are three HappyNeuron Pro exercises for aphasia that you can use with your clients today!
Root it Out!
What it targets: verbal memory, verbal fluency
About the exercise: In this exercise, you will be given the first two letters of a series of words. It is your task to make a given number of nouns using the first two letters given to you. To effectively complete this exercise, you will have to draw upon your own vocabulary and memory to recall potential solutions for each set of letter combinations. Your clients with aphasia will be able to practice word retrieval, speech, and articulation of the words they want to say with this exercise.
What it targets: verbal memory, verbal fluency, semantic knowledge
In this exercise, your client will choose a category of words to work with. Next, your client will see fragments of words on the screen. Using the hint given, your client must put together the word fragments to make a word that pertains to the category. Your client will be tasked to use their semantic knowledge and vocabulary to make inferences about the potential words that they must find.
What it targets: processing speed, working memory, semantic memory
Your client will see a number of drawers, and a file with a word on it. It is your client’s task to put the word in the correct drawer. Each drawer represents a different category. Sometimes, the drawers will have no labels on them, and your client must use trial and error to learn the categories that the drawers represent. By correctly sorting the word files into the category drawers, your client is learning how to draw upon their working memory to recall categories of words. Ultimately, this can help them to better recall specific words they want to say when speaking in real life.
Interested in trying these exercises? You can try these exercises and more with our 100% free trial to our digital program today! Or, perhaps worksheets would be a better fit for your patients. All of the exercises described above are available in worksheet form as well! Find them here.


There are hybrids of B. purpurea, B. variegata and Bauhinia x blakeana which is
probably a hybrid of the other two.
Some have very variable flowers and there are other cultivars so it can
sometimes be difficult to reliably identify them.
B. variegata (5 stamens) is sometimes mis-identified as B. purpurea (3 stamens).
Bauhinia variegata is probably the most commonly seen Bauhinia in Brisbane.
It can be similar to B. purpurea.
Trees are often around 5 m high but can grow to 12 m.
They have a short trunk and are semi-deciduous.
The roughly rounded leaves are bilobed and up to 20 cm across.
Short inflorescences are terminal or axillary.
Each has 2 or 3 flowers that are up to 12 cm across.
The brown sepals are hairy.
The 5 long petals have a clawed base and pointed tip.
Most are shades of pink, magenta, purple or reddish-purple.
They have darker markings and some petals have a darker base.
In some flowers the base of one petal is white.
There is a white form with yellow on 1 or more petals.
There are 5 long stamens with curved filaments.
The fruit pods, up to 30 cm long, have up to 15 seeds.


Use of Color
Success Criterion 1.4.1 (Level A)
Are you ensuring that color is not the only means of providing information or distinguishing visual content?
Why is this important
Although the use of color is an integral and effective part of product design, some users have difficulty perceiving color. When color is used as the only way to convey important information, the color may not be seen at all by users with color deficiencies.
Whom does it benefit?
As a person with color blindness who cannot see red,
I want input form fields that convey errors or “required” information to have text prompts in addition to color cues,
so that I can identify input fields that need to be corrected or completed.
As a person with limited sight, I find it difficult to differentiate between colors in a chart,
I want data identified by both colors and patterns,
so that I can understand the content presented in the manner intended.
What should you do?
When using color to indicate information, ensure that there are additional methods used to convey the same meaning.
Note: This does not mean that visual design should abandon creative use of color, but rather that color should not be the only method implemented.
How do you do it?
When using color to convey information, also include another visual means to provide the same information.
Some suggested techniques for images, tables, charts, or graphs that use color include:
- Using icons, shapes or patterns with alternative text
- Adding text legends near the image, table, chart or graph
- Providing an alternative text summary of the information being presented
Need technical guidance?
Additional Resources to help you:
- Charts & Accessibility - University of Penn State
- Accessible Color - University of California, San Francisco
- UI Components - Colors - U.S. Web Design System
- Colour Contrast Analyzer - The Paciello Group


Can interactive working memory training improving learning?
Tracy Alloway, University of North Florida, United States
Journal of Interactive Learning Research Volume 23, Number 3, ISSN 1093-023X Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Waynesville, NC
Background. Working memory is linked to learning outcomes and there is emerging evidence that training working memory can yield gains in working memory and fluid intelligence. Aims. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether interactive working memory training would transfer to acquired cognitive skills, such as vocabulary and academic attainment. Sample. To determine the efficacy of memory training in improving cognitive skills, we randomly allocated high school-aged students with learning difficulties into one of two groups. The Training group participated in an interactive working memory training program, while the Control group received targeted educational support for an equivalent amount of time. All participants were tested on measures of vocabulary, academic attainment (spelling and arithmetic), and working memory before and after training. Results. The findings indicate that the Training group performed significant better in working memory, vocabulary, and math post-training, while the Control group did not show any substantial improvement. Conclusions. This pilot study suggests that interactive working memory training may be highly relevant to improving educational outcomes in those who are struggling.
Alloway, T. (2012). Can interactive working memory training improving learning?. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 23(3), 197-207. Waynesville, NC: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/36119/.
© 2012 Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)


Gum disease can wreak havoc on your oral health, affecting your smile’s stability and appearance. Fortunately, patients can take steps to reduce their risks of developing gum disease. Even after the onset of this condition, patients still can seek out gum disease treatment that may reverse the effects of periodontal disease.
The result of inflammation in the gum tissue, periodontal disease is caused by the bacteria commonly found in the oral cavity. These bacteria tend to congregate in plaque and tartar, which can build up in patients who don’t brush and floss regularly. Other patients may just be prone to plaque and tartar collection even if they do brush and floss as instructed by their dentists, and they still can face a risk of gum disease.
Gum disease unfolds in stages, from the mildest (gingivitis) to the most severe (advanced periodontitis). In its advanced forms, gum disease can lead to tooth and bone loss, so timely treatment is paramount.
Notable symptoms indicate the presence of gum disease, including bleeding, swelling or sensitivity in the gums. Patients who notice any of these signs should consult with a periodontist as soon as possible for an evaluation and to learn about recommended treatments.
Patients may seek gum disease treatment at any stage of this condition, but they are more likely to benefit from good results when they get care for the mildest forms of gum disease. For example, gingivitis typically responds quite well to a deep cleaning, which also has the advantage of being non-invasive. More advanced forms of gum disease may require surgical interventions.
After your initial treatment, you likely will want to cut down on the likelihood of a relapse of periodontal disease. We strongly recommended that you follow up with a periodontist for ongoing monitoring and be sure to take adequate care of your teeth and gums at home. If you do not already use an electric toothbrush, you may want to consider adding this tool to your routine, as they are highly effective at minimizing plaque.
According to the Centers for Disease Control, about half of all Americans over age 30 have some form of gum disease. If you are one of them, schedule an appointment at our office to learn what you can do about the condition.


|c. 1700 - 1900s CE|
Odia script (cursive style)
Karani script (Odia: କରଣି ଅକ୍ଷର) (also Chata script ଛଟା ଅକ୍ଷର) was a cursive/calligraphic style variant of Odia script developed by the Karana (କରଣ) community/ the scribes (professional writer-class) of the Odia royal courts. It was used in the pre-Independence Orissa (Odisha) region in South Asia and was primarily used by the Karana community who were working for administrative purposes, documentation and keeping records in the royal courts of the Odia princely states (Orissa Tributary States). The name Karani is derived from the metal stylus, Karani that was used for writing on palm leaf.
|Vowel Letter||Diacritic forms|
|For the vowel ଇ (short i), the standard Odia diacritic form is ି. Eg- For consonant କ (ka) - କି (ki)
But for these consonants - ଖ (kha), ଥ (tha), ଧ (dha), the equivalent ଇ diacritic from Karani script is also used.
((cite journal)): Cite journal requires


Scarves make great crochet projects for beginners because they are simple and straightforward to make. Unlike more complex crochet patterns, scarves only require a few basic stitches, such as single crochet or double crochet. This means that even someone who is new to crochet can easily make a scarf with a little bit of practice.
Scarves are also fun to make because they are a versatile and practical item. They can be made in a variety of colors, sizes, and styles, and can be worn in a number of different ways. Additionally, because they are made with yarn, they are soft, warm, and comfortable to wear. This makes them a perfect project for someone who is looking to try their hand at crochet and create something useful and enjoyable.
To crochet a basic scarf, you will need the following materials:
Yarn (any type and color of your choice)
Crochet hook (the size should match the weight of your yarn)
To begin, start by making a slip knot on your crochet hook. Then, chain a length of stitches that is long enough for your desired scarf width. Keep in mind that the length of your chain will determine the width of your scarf.
Next, insert your crochet hook into the second chain from the hook, and single crochet across the chain. When you reach the end of the chain, chain one and turn your work.
Continue to single crochet across the row, and repeat this process until your scarf reaches the desired length.
When you are finished, fasten off your yarn and weave in any loose ends.
Your basic crochet scarf is now complete! You can add fringe, tassels, or other embellishments to personalize your scarf.
Note: This pattern is for a basic crochet scarf, and can be modified or adapted in any way you like. You can use different stitch patterns, yarn weights, and hook sizes to create a unique and personalized scarf.
Scarves make great crochet projects for beginners because they are simple to make and fun to wear. With just a few basic stitches and some practice, anyone can create a beautiful and practical scarf. Whether you are a beginner looking to try your hand at crochet, or an experienced crocheter looking for a new project, a crochet scarf is a great choice. So why not give it a try and see what you can create?


Native Americans and the PNW!
Welcome to Term 2 and Clarkia’s Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest (NAPNW) Unit! Over the next 7 weeks we will be learning about the lives of the indigenous peoples who lived (and live) from Junea, Alaska through BC, Canada, and ending with our Athabaskan group on the southern Oregon coast. We will be exploring their architecture, natural resources, art, culture, and stories. One of the most time-consuming projects we have starting are our Button Robes. We will need several helpers in at a couple different times. Here is the link to the SignUp Genius for the classroom helpers – note that these are for BOTH CLARKIA classes. https://www.signupgenius.com/go/30E0B44A4AF2CA2FC1-button We still need people going out to Goodwill, elderly relative’s homes, and other places to gather buttons – any and all legends of the area. Writing will be continuing working on telling to true stories and focusing on sentence structure and grammar in our writing. In math, we are into our fourth unit and focused on area, perimeter, and making fact families to help us solve multiplication and division problems.
Thank you for all your help and support.


In our experience in treating patients with concussion, as well as in many clinical research studies, adherence to routine and regulated Sleep, Diet, Hydration, Exercise and Stress-reduction measures, what we call the BASICS, yields superior outcomes and a faster return to baseline health status.
If you have predisposing personal or family medical health issues that are known to accentuate concussion, you are more likely to have a longer recovery if you do not start with managing the BASICS.
The graph below compares how patient (A) without predisposing health issues and patient (B) with one or more issues can be affected by non-compliance to the BASICS when suffering a concussion.
SLEEP: Follow a regulated sleep schedule. Most important is to wake up each day at the same time. Try to get at least 8 hours of sleep each night. DO NOT take naps during the day.
DIET: Regulate your eating schedule and do not eat past 9:00 pm. Avoid high sugar, high preservative, and pre-packaged foods. Adhere to a well-balanced diet.
HYDRATION: Drink water all day and all evening…enough to kill a small animal. Avoid caffeine and dark colored drinks. You cannot have too much water when you are healing from a concussion.
EXERCISE: Participation in an appropriate level of low-risk daily exercise as a social activity is important in activating centers in your brain to start healing. Do not hide out in your bedroom with your lights off and a blanket wrapped over your head (cocoon treatment). Continue activities of daily living as tolerated.
STRESS: Find ways to alleviate stress. Talk with family or friends about your feelings. Get out of the house and stay social and active.


Head of a lion
Late Period–Ptolemaic Period
This imposing head is unique for its artistic quality, size, and the insights it gives the viewer into the creative process of an Egyptian sculptor’s workshop. At the time this model was made, sculptures of lions drew on the animal’s true appearance rather than the stylized interpretations that are seen in both earlier and later Egyptian art. Here the realism of the animal is found in the small, eyes overshadowed by heavy brows, fleshy facial features, and indications of loose fur and tufts of hair.
This model used in the creation of a plaster prototype that would have been copied in stone to make the waterspouts needed for a new temple. Located on a temple wall just under the roof, the image of the lion functioned as a guardian over the spout located between his paws. If that cavity was left unprotected, then negative forces could potentially enter sacred space.
This lion is cast in plaster from a clay model, now lost, and the details then added by hand. Small elements left by the casting process may be observed in the light-colored stripe documenting the removal of the seam created by the molds used in casting and the minor differences between the two halves of the face. The piece is hollow and in back, finger impressions are visible, left by the craftsmen when they added thicker plaster to support the finer material used for the features.
This artwork is meant to be viewed from right to left. Scroll left to view more.


The principle forms of lasers are solid state lasers, gas lasers and liquid lasers. A great, liquid, gas or semiconductor can act because the laser medium.
Solid state lasers are produced with hard materials like garnet or ruby. Solid state lasers are employed for detecting ecological pollution, in scientific researches and a great many other applications. Solid state lasers have laser emitting materials arranged in solid matrix. Examples for solid state lasers will be the ruby or neodymium-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) lasers. The lasing materials are pumped with flashlights, making the laser give either pulsed or continuous beam of light.
Gas lasers are lasers by which an electric current is passed by way of a gas to create light. In the early days gas lasers used a mix of helium and neon with carbon dioxide. At present gas lasers can use more strong and volatile mediums like hydrogen and fluorine. Gas lasers have great military applications. The cutting of hard materials becomes easy through gas lasers.
Liquid lasers or dye lasers make use of liquid organic dyes. These emit a broad, continuous selection of colors, mainly in the visible area of the spectrum. Dye lasers are excellent for applications by which a certain color is required Certified Lasers. Another laser source such as for instance copper vapor laser can be used to excite the dye. Liquid lasers may be tuned over a broad selection of wavelengths.
Excimer lasers are generated by using gases like fluorine and chlorine in combination with other gases such as for instance krypton, argon or xenon. Excimer lasers are very ideal for the medical profession. To modify the wavelength of the lasers compound natural dyes are employed extensively.
Semiconductor lasers are often really small devices and use only low power. Semiconductor lasers are also known as diode lasers. The writing sources in some CD players and in some laser printers are examples for this. Semiconductor lasers are very ideal for gadgets like CD players, laser printers etc.


Oklahoma residents are no strangers to a few storms – in fact, it’s what makes us so resilient. But even with our thick skin, this year has still been a rough one for weather. As extreme weather activity continues to increase across the state, so does the risk to property owners.
According to the National Weather Service, tornadoes in Oklahoma have already reached an above-average rate for 2017, with two months left of the year. Eighty-one tornadoes have swept through the Sooner State, nine of which happened in the off-season. Of those nine, five touched ground last month. Last year 57 tornadoes hit Oklahoma and they all occurred during the regular storm season.
There have been worse years – such as the tornado outbreak of 1999, when 145 tornadoes touched ground – but 2017 has still been significant.
The five-year average for the annual number of tornadoes in Oklahoma is 66. It is worth noting that in this time period, there are two strange years. In 2014, there were only 16 tornadoes, the lowest number in any year from 1950 to present day. The following year in 2015, there were 111 tornadoes – the third-highest number in a given year for the same period.
Even with those two extreme years, trends are continuing to skew higher. The statistical possibility you may incur property damage and have to file a claim with your homeowner’s insurance increases every year with those trends. And unfortunately, many damage cases are mishandled or the damage caused by a storm is assessed to be pre-existing, leading to insurance disputes with the provider.


Hanukkah, an eight-day winter holiday, is derived from the solstice celebrations of ancient people.
Hanukkah, which means “dedication,” is based on the historical events of Judah Maccabee and his followers successfully resisting the imposition of Greek culture and religion, and the resulting rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem.
For Humanistic Jews, Hanukkah is a celebration of human courage, integrity, and hope. The success of the Maccabee’s revolution was not due to pious pleas or tearful entreaties, but by decisive action, expert planning, and sheer guts. Humanistic Jews view Hanukkah as an opportunity to celebrate the courage of ancient and modern day heroes.
Humanistic Jews light candles on a traditional hanukkah menorah (hannukiah), but we recite words that are inspiring and meaningful for our lives today.
A Humanistic Hanukkah Candle-Lighting
As we light our Hanukkah candles, let us say:
Barukh haor baolam.
Barukh haor baadam.
Barukh haor baHanukkah.
Blessed is the light of the world.
Blessed is the light within humanity.
Blessed is the light of Hanukkah.
Download “The Eight Lights of Hanukkah,” a contemporary reading of the symbolism behind each candle, here (PDF).


Last modified: 2002-06-21 by santiago dotor
Keywords: germany | politics | eastern germany | ostdeutschland | german youth of the east | deutsche jugend des ostens | djo | vertriebene | bund der vertriebenen | rune: odal | silesia | munster | pennant | coat of arms |
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by Marcus Schmöger
This is the flag of the Deutsche Jugend des Ostens German Youth of the East. Its political aim was the reconquista of the [former German] territories at present owned by Poland and Russia [Pomerania, Posen, West and East Prussia and Silesia], connected to the Vertriebene. Its emblem is a so-called Odalsrune. Read all (and far more) in Rabbow 1970. This kind of organisation was prohibited in East Germany, so it was definitely West German. Local parties plastered nostalgic coat-of-arms on these flags, which seem to have been quite numerous. The Silesian section flag below [temporarily removed] seems to illustrate that.
The 'Eastern Germany' referred to is the Eastern part of the German Reich until the end of World War Two. Post-World War Two East Germany [i.e. the German Democratic Republic] was in the West German terminology 'Middle Germany'. The political parties in West Germany which aspired the reannexation of 'Eastern Germany' were connected to the powerful Bund der Heimatvertriebenen Association of Exiles.
Jarig Bakker, 20 June 2000


Snow and ice storms are an inevitable part of the winter season. However, they can lead to downed power lines and outages. Remember the following tips to stay safe and warm should you find yourself in the dark after a severe winter event:
- Never touch a fallen power line, and assume all wires on the ground are electrically charged. Call MEC at 1-877-MECKOUT to report it immediately. Avoid contact with overhead lines during cleanup and other activities.
- In the event of an outage, an alternate heating source—such as a fireplace, propane space heater, or wood stove—may be used. Extreme caution should be taken.
- Make sure carbon monoxide detectors and smoke detectors are working properly.
- Do not use a gas-powered oven for heating. A gas oven may go out or burn inefficiently, leading to carbon monoxide poisoning.
- Do not use a gas or charcoal grill inside the home. Do not use charcoal briquettes in the fireplace.
- If you use a portable generator to power a heating source, be sure the generator is located outside your house for proper ventilation. Learn more here.
Ideally, your family will stay warm until the power comes back on. But keep an eye on family members for signs of hypothermia, which include shivering, drowsiness, and mental and physical slowness. The elderly and young children are particularly vulnerable to hypothermia. Call 911 immediately if you notice these symptoms. At least one telephone in the house that does not depend on electricity should be available in the case of a power outage.
Prepare Before the Storm by Gathering:
Flashlights and fresh batteries.
Battery-powered radio or TV and extra batteries.
Cell phone chargers (make sure your cell phone is fully charged).
Land-line phone with cord (cordless phones require electricity).
Battery-powered or windup alarm clock.
Supply of bottled water (one gallon per person per day).
Non-perishable foods that require no heating.
Blankets, bedding or sleeping bags.
First-aid kit and prescription medications.
Hand-operated can opener.
Special items for infants, the elderly or family members with special needs.
A variety of hand tools.
List of emergency and MEC phone numbers.
Identification and copies of important family documents in a waterproof container.
Cash (ATMs may be unavailable).


Grow thriving orchids with Australia’s #1 plant health kit
Want long lasting flowers and healthy orchids? Replicate the biodiversity that helps them thrive in nature! Scroll down to learn how to keep your orchids thriving.Orchid Tips
How to grow an Orchid
Add Grow Concentrate everytime you water to bring essential nutrients and beneficial microbes to the soil.
Add Support Pellets to the soil every month, to build strong and resilient roots.
Spray the leaves every fortnight to keep them dust free and protected from the environmental stressed that make then struggle.
Keep your Orchid in a bright spot with indirect sunlight, and keep the soil moist.
Check out customer results!
Why We the Wild?
Orchid care tips
Orchids don’t need much water, but like it consistent. A light watering (even a misting of the soil) with diluted Grow Concentrate once a week can do the job.
Consistently feeding your orchid, and potting it into a chunky soil mix will help to improve the flowering.
Spray them with Protect Spray to keep them shiny and healthy!
Remember, they grow on trees in the jungle, so a small pot is absolutely fine.


Research papers on funerals examine the custom of a funeral in any particular society you need. Paper Masters custom writes all projects on any sociology or religion topic.
Topic suggestions on funerals include the following:
- Funeral customs in traditional religions in the United States
- Research on funeral practices and their decline
- Funerals in the Western World
- The psychology of funerals and where they fit into the 5 stages of grief
Funerals are a tradition of virtually every society. Hence the need to acknowledge the achievements of the deceased, bring closure to the life lived and express grief within the community and family is a valued custom for most societies. Funerals are for the living and it must be remembered that they serve to ease the psychological pain of realizing one's own mortality as well as loosing the presence of a loved one. Acknowledging the achievement of an individual life that has passed serves to give meaning to those still living and express that human time on earth is not without purpose or merit.
Funerals and Closure
The process of the funeral brings closure to the life lived and serves as symbolic ceremony that the life has passed. Closure is brought through the ceremony by the familiar processes of the ceremony, an acknowledgment of the death and the placing of the body in its final resting place. Quintessential to the ceremonial process is the element of the community and the family, coming together and grieving and comforting each other in recognition of the absence of the deceased in society, the community and within the family structure.
The social role of patients who anticipate no recovery from illness verses those that anticipate full recovery both include dignity. The patient who is dying must illustrate to society that death is not to be feared, rather embraced as part of the cycle of life. This fosters a healthy understanding of the inevitable end which all of mankind eventually reaches.
Funerals and Social Role
The social role of the patient that is recovering from illness includes the dignity of recognizing the value of life to society. Espousing the significance of contributing to society and celebrating the gift of life extended in the recovery from illness is also part of humankind's duty to society.


WRNMMC, Bethesda, MD –
World Hearing Day is observed annually on March 3 and this year’s theme was “Ear and Hearing Care for All.”
Although World Hearing Day is observed just one day during the year, the Audiology and Speech Pathology Center at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) focuses on preserving and improving the health and quality of life for Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries nearly every day of the year.
Because of their mission, many military service members have a greater risk for hearing loss than civilians. The Audiology and Speech Pathology Center at WRNMMC provides world-class research, education and care in the areas of hearing and balance; voice and swallowing; speech and language; advanced technologies and prosthetic devices; auditory processing and cognitive communication. Services include audiology; speech language and pathology; and scientific and clinical studies.
A research project by an audiologist at WRNMMC recently received top honors in the 2022 MHS Research Symposium: Young Investigators Competition. Rebecca Bieber, Au.D., Ph.D., focused her research on “Evaluating the Impacts of Hearing Protection on Fire Team Lethality, Survivability, Communication, and Mission Success in Dismounted Combat.” Her work collected new data by evaluating and monitoring diverse types of exercises with various hearing protections, which can help lead to better hearing protection on the battlefield.
Hearing loss, the second most common disability in the United States, is under-diagnosed and under-treated, and identifying it in early stages could prevent its known substantial adverse outcomes, according to a study published by the National Institutes of Health. More than 60 percent of hearing loss issues can be identified and addressed in primary care settings, to health care providers added.
For more information about WRNMMC’s Audiology and Speech Pathology Center, visit walterreed.tricare.mil/Health-Services/Specialty-Care/Audiology-Speech-Pathology
, and for information concerning World Hearing Day on social media, search #WorldHearingDay and #HearingHealth.


- MN ABE Connect
- Intellectual Disabilities
Is it a learning disability or an intellectual disability?
PANDA often gets inquiries regarding students who are not making progress. Sometimes the cause of not making progress is a learning disability, but other times it is determined to be an intellectual disability. Check out PANDA’s Intellectual Disabilities category, which includes a list of organizations that may be more beneficial for some students than ABE classes.
Definition of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
“Intellectual Disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills.” (From the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.)
Since many disabilities are hidden, it is difficult to determine if a student has a disability or not, particularly an Intellectual Disability. If your student is not progressing and has hit a plateau in all subject areas, (meaning they are not showing much progress, if any, in any subject after six months to two years of instruction), they may have an intellectual disability. Go to the Adult Learner Intervention category for more information about determining the root of learning challenges.
PANDA’s Intellectual Disabilities chapter provides information describing the disability and organizations that provide job training, recreational and social skills opportunities. These organizations are often a better fit for some students than ABE.
To find a list of organizations that serve adults with intellectual disabilities, go to PANDA’s website.
Get MN ABE Connect—the official source for ABE events, activities, and resources!Sign Up
- Adult Career Pathways
- CCR Standards
- Cultural Competency
- Digital Literacy/Northstar
- Distance Learning/Education
- HSE/GED/Adult Diploma
- Mental Health
- Minnesota ABE
- One-Room Schoolhouse/Multilevel
- Professional Development
- Program Management
- Remote Instruction
- Social Studies
- Support Services
- Teaching Strategies


The anatomy of belonging from Psychology Today
- Belonging is a fundamental psychological need that can be nurtured with various skills and practices.
- A recent meta-framework outlines four key components of belonging: competencies, opportunities, motivations, and perceptions.
- Simple nature-connectedness practices can bring more well-being, belonging, and meaning to our lives.
For a fundamental psychological need, belonging is full of paradoxes. We search for it everywhere—in the arms of kin, on familiar streets, among friends with similar beliefs. Yet, there it is—in solitude, in literature, among magnificent trees. Belonging anchors our hearts to our nests. Yet, there it goes—unfastening our wings and setting us free on our quests.
In psychology, belonging has been defined as “a subjective feeling that one is an integral part of their surrounding systems, including family, friends, school, work environments, communities, cultural groups, and physical places” (Hagerty et al., 1992). Belonging, as poet John O’Donohue writes, “suggests warmth, understanding, and embrace.” Lois Bushong, therapist and author of Belonging Everywhere and Nowhere: Insights Into Counseling the Globally Mobile likens satisfying the need for belonging to “showing others your authentic self and getting a thumbs-up.”
Belonging not only feels good—it does us good.
READ MORE HERE: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/between-cultures/202112/the-sense-you-belong-somewhere
#BELONGING #friends #goodvibes #fitin


Three different satellite sensors — the GOES Imager on GOES-East, MODIS on Aqua, and VIIRS on Suomi/NPP — viewed data from the occurrence of Valley Fog over the Appalachians (and surroundings) early in the morning of 21 August. A shortcoming of the Brightness Temperature Difference field in the lower left is immediately apparent: no fog/low stratus is indicated where high clouds exist, even though observations do show IFR conditions. In contrast, the fused product does show heightened probabilities underneath that high cloud deck. Probabilities are not as high as they are where both satellite and model predictors can be used to evaluate the presence of fog and low stratus, and the resolution of the field is different, obviously limited to the horizontal resolution of the Rapid Refresh, meaning that small river valleys, that are very obvious in the regions where satellite data are used (and even much more obvious when high-resolution MODIS or VIIRS data are used). Note also how GOES-R IFR Probabilities de-emphasize the signal over western Ohio, where IFR conditions are not reported. Brightness temperature difference fields from MODIS and from GOES both see a signal there, as also shown in the VIIRS field, but these stratus clouds are not obstructing visibility.
Bottom line: MODIS data’s higher resolution observes the big differences between river valleys and adjacent cloud-free ridge tops. GOES-East has difficulty in resolving those differences. So MODIS IFR fields better highlight river fog. Model data can help discern between fog on the ground, and stratus that is off the ground.


Military reenactments of World War II are very common, but not many of the Gulf War have been seen so far.
This war broke out after the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in August 1990, during the regime of Saddam Hussein. A coalition of countries led by the United States was formed that ended up expelling Iraq from Kuwait. In this war there were some tank battles in the middle of the desert, which ended in defeats for the less technologically advanced Iraqi Army.
On June 4 and 5, the Aquino Tank Weekend 2022 was held in Canada. It is the largest military event held in that country, organized by The Ontario Regiment RCAC Museum, which still has functional vehicles that were used in that war. Curiously, among these vehicles are some that are still used today in the fighting of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, such as the M-113 armored transport and the Humvee all-terrain vehicle, both American, or the Soviet BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle, which Russia and Ukraine continue to use.
In this Tank Archives video you can see images of that recreation, in which a Soviet T-54 tank and an American M-60A3 tank were also used, among other vehicles:
That three decades later military vehicles from the Cold War are still in use is a good indicator of the usefulness of those vehicles today, despite being obsolete. In any case, it is curious that the same type of vehicles used in Canada to carry out a military reenactment are being used thousands of kilometers away in a real war.
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The demand for maritime space requires an integrated planning and management approach, which should be based on solid scientific knowledge and reliable mapping of the seabed. One of the widely used seabed mapping methods is underwater imagery. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity, enabling rapid collection of large amounts of data, and, hence, cost-effectiveness.
However, only a small part of information available in underwater imagery archives is being extracted due to labor-intensive and time-consuming analysis procedures. Efforts to develop automated techniques for UW image processing are challenged by the specifics of the UW environment, such as heterogeneity of substrate, variation in lighting, color instability, etc. Emerging novel deep learning (DL) methods open opportunities for more effective, accurate and rapid analysis of seabed images than ever before. Our project aims to develop an automated seabed imagery recognition and quantification method based on the DL approach.
The project consortium brings together specialists in signal, image and video processing, and marine benthic ecologists with long-term experience in UW research. We plan to develop a user-friendly system, flexible enough to use in a variety of marine environments. To test system’s capabilities, video material collected in the Arctic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea and other world regions will be used.
Project coordinator: Kaunas University of Technology
Project partners: Klaipėda University


Planning for your recovery before an earthquake occurs
"The southeastern quadrant of Missouri includes the New Madrid Seismic Zone, which experiences around 200 small earthquakes per year. Yet, the most at-risk consumers don’t seem to know their homeowners or renters policies don’t cover earthquake damage. We are concerned and want consumers to know where they stand before a major earthquake occurs. Do you know if you’re covered?”
– Chlora Lindley-Myers
Director, Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance
If a major earthquake happens, are you prepared?
Although Missouri may not immediately come to mind when thinking about earthquakes, a major fault line runs through the southeastern corner of the state. A study by the U.S. Geological Survey estimates the probability of a magnitude 7.5 or greater earthquake in the New Madrid zone over the next 50 years is 7-10 percent. The probability of an earthquake exceeding magnitude 6 over the same period is 25-40 percent. A joint assessment by the Mid-America Earthquake Center of the University of Illinois and the Federal Emergency Management Agency predicts the New Madrid event could constitute the highest total economic loss of any natural disaster in U.S. history.
No matter what type of disaster Missourians face, it is critical that every family has a plan for both readiness and financial recovery following that event. Whatever that plan may be, it’s important for consumers to know about what options they may have and what issues need to be considered to adequately prepare for an earthquake. Your homeowners policy does not cover damage from an earthquake. Earthquake coverage must be purchased as separate coverage, called an "endorsement" or as a stand-alone policy. Check with your insurance agent to see if you have this coverage in place.
Are you ready? Do you have a plan? If not, you may want to explore the information provided to determine what you need in order to be prepared.
The Importance of Earthquake Insurance
Percentage of residences in the New Madrid area of Missouri with earthquake insurance.
U.S. Market for Earthquake Insurance
How To Prepare
Earthquakes occur with no warning, that is why it is important to prepare. Follow these tips and sign up for the ShakeOut earthquake drill. The drill occurs annually on the third Thursday of October.


The Gunma Complex's Approach to Reducing Waste Materials and Preventing Air Pollution
Efforts are underway at the Gunma Complex to achieve the Shin-Etsu Group's goal of zero waste emissions (a 1% or less ratio of final landfill disposal volume to waste generation volume). These efforts also include promoting waste generation reduction in terms of emission intensity. Besides, emissions reduction targets have been set to prevent air pollution. Measures to reduce emissions have been implemented, such as switching to fuels with a lower environmental load.
Industrial waste materials from each plant are collected for incineration and disposal at the incineration facility at the Isobe plant. To reduce chemical substances emissions from this incineration facility, the Isobe plant is working on operation management optimization through around-the-clock operation and stable incineration at high temperatures. Its efforts also extend to utilizing the heat generated at the incineration facility to produce steam for each plant.
The Gunma Complex positively uses natural gas as an environment-friendly energy source along with electricity. Natural gas is an ideal energy source: it does not produce much nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions, which are deemed responsible for acid rain and air pollution, and produces no sulfur oxide (SOX) emissions (see the figure above).
The Gunma Complex is among the earliest that started efforts to reduce cyclic siloxane emissions into the air. Its silicone production process produces exhaust gases containing tiny amounts of cyclic siloxanes. Meanwhile, its monomer production process collects cyclic siloxane components and recycles 99% or more of the emissions as raw materials. At the Gunma Complex, most of the tiny amounts of methylsilane contained in exhaust gases from methylsilane production are collected for reuse as the raw material for silicone products, leaving the rest for removal by the scrubber. The Gunma Complex is committed to improving its processes and enhancing its recycling rate to 99% or more.
Approach to Sustainability by the Gunma Complex Vol.04
Go to silicone that contributes to sustainability


Displays a list of ChIPS servers.
The list_servers command returns a list of servers that may be available to the user. The list is derived by checking for local socket files used by chips.
Before attempting to connect to a listed server, it is recommended that the user run the check_server_exists command to verify that the server is indeed available for connections. It is possible that old socket files may exist - e.g. if ChIPS exited improperly at some point - and those servers are not available for use.
chips> print(list_servers()) ['ChipsServer_15015_1'] chips> check_server_exists("ChipsServer_15015_1") True
Retrieve a list of potentially available ChIPS servers.
Removing old server files
Socket files are stored by default in "/tmp/.chips.<username>/". Although ChIPS does attempt to remove these files when they are no-longer required, this may not happen in exceptional cases. If necessary, use list_servers() and check_server_exists(), to determine whether these files can be removed.
See the bugs pages on the ChIPS website for an up-to-date listing of known bugs.


Allusion and direct references
Joe Biden begins his speech at the 2020 Democratic National Convention with a reference to Ella Baker, an African-American civil rights activist: “Ella Baker, a giant of the civil rights movement, left us with this wisdom: Give people light and they will find a way”. Biden’s choice to begin his speech with this reference is appropriate, as a large part of his speech tackles the issue of racism in the US. The reference to Ella Baker is meant to inspire African Americans to stand up for their rights.
In this light, the allusion to George Floyd seems like a natural choice. When he talks about “the injustice of the ‘knee on the neck’ ”, Biden’s purpose is twofold. First, he wants to remind the audience of the racism that led to George Floyd being killed by a white police officer who literally pressed his knee to Floyd’s neck. Secondly, Biden’s purpose is to highlight the fact that Floyd’s death is not an isolated event and that racism is an important issue that needs to be dealt with.
Biden also references John Lewis, a black American politician and civil rights activist: “… America is ready to in John's words, to lay down ‘the heavy burdens of hate at last’ and to do the hard work of rooting out our systemic racism”. The reference is meant to honor Lewis, who died one month before the Democratic National Convention. Lewis’ words come from an essay which was written shortly before his death.
Biden also makes an important reference to Trump’s speech after the Charlottesville events, in which Trump failed to denounce white supremacists and neo-Nazis. Moreover, when asked to blame neo-Nazis, Trump claimed that there were “very fine people on both sides”. According to Biden, Trump’s words were “a wake-up call for us as a country”.
Biden offers some personal anecdotes which make him appear friendly and more approachable. First, he talks about his father’s wisdom:
You know, my Dad was an honorable, decent man. He got knocked down a few times pretty hard, but...


The primary nut crop in Mississippi is pecans. Pecans are native into the Delta region but have a long history in other areas of Mississippi as well. Some of the first publically available improved varieties came from south Mississippi, making that region the epicenter of today’s modern pecan production. Overall, Mississippi ranks in the top 10 states for pecan production, with average yields between 2 and 4 million pounds per year. There has been a resurgence in interest in pecans recently due to the increase in consumption and price. New orchards are being planted and many abandoned pecan orchards could be put back into production with some intensive management. Other than pecans, nut crop plantings are minor. Black and English walnuts and Chinese chestnuts make up the majority of those plantings.
Mississippi pecan producers faced a particularly challenging year with drought and then rain at the wrong time, but irrigated orchards are making a good crop.
Eric Stafne, fruit and nut crop specialist with the Mississippi State University Extension Service, said the dry summer did one very good thing: It helped control pecan scab, a disease that is often a problem for the state’s pecan trees.
Despite weather challenges combined with a decreased production year for most pecan varieties, Mississippi’s 2020 crop will be decent.


Crontab is a command that allows you to schedule commands or scripts to run automatically at specific times or intervals. It’s a very useful tool for automating repetitive tasks, such as running backups, updating files, or sending emails.
Here’s how to use crontab:
- Open a terminal window on your server.
- Type this command to edit your crontab file:
crontab -eThis will open your crontab file in the default text editor.
- In the crontab file, add a new line for the command or script you want to run. The format for the line is:
* * * * * commandThe five asterisks represent the minute, hour, day of the month, month, and day of the week when the command will run. You can use numbers or special characters (e.g., * for all values) to specify when the command should run.
- After adding your command to the crontab file, save and exit the text editor.
- Your new crontab entry is now active and will run automatically at the specified times.
Note that crontab uses the system time zone, so make sure to specify the correct time zone in your commands or scripts if necessary.
Overall, crontab is a powerful tool that can help you automate many tasks on your server. By using crontab, you can save time and increase the efficiency of your workflows.


Jump to navigation
Waves of evictions and the criminalization of Q’eqchi’ Maya communities propel rural poverty and forced migration.
In Guatemala and Honduras, regional anti-mining networks have become key players in struggles to combat extractivism and the criminalization of activists.
Ten years after the Alaska Massacre of the K'iche' people in Totonicapán, Guatemala, the families of the victims tell their stories.
A diez años de la Masacre de Alaska del pueblo k’iche’ en Totonicapán, Guatemala, las familias de las víctimas cuentan sus historias.
The rising costs of consumer goods has stoked the country’s peasant movement.
After a decades-long fight against transnational mining interests and state repression, the community’s case could set a new precedent for Indigenous land and resource rights.
Forty years after the heinous state-sponsored crimes were committed, Maya Achi women get their day in court.
In the global struggle against gendered violence, Latin American women are key changemakers.
In the latest episode of a lengthy saga of repression and resistance, Maya communities demanding to be consulted about a foreign-owned nickel mine in their territories now live under a state of siege.
The latest protests in Guatemala build on years of popular struggle and deepen demands for a plurinational state.


What is hypnosis?
Hypnosis (hypnotherapy), like sleep, puts the mind in an altered, relaxed state. Under hypnosis, the mind can still reach memories, sensations, and other thoughts. Hypnosis is often used for things such as breaking bad habits, controlling pain, and managing stress.
Some people have trouble becoming hypnotized. Others are more receptive to this form of therapy. Hypnotism will work only if the person wants to be hypnotized and it requires trust and imagination. While hypnotized, a person can interrupt the process at any time.
When hypnotized, the heart rate may decrease, the body temperature may change, and blood flow to certain areas may be altered. The state of deep relaxation can stop people from thinking about pain and other concerns. Hypnotism has been used as a pain reliever during certain surgeries, such as dental procedures.
Other uses for hypnotism include:
The American Society of Clinical Hypnosis states that hypnosis should only be done by licensed clinicians competent in the use of hypnotic treatments. This includes such professionals as doctors, licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs), master's prepared mental health nurses, and marital or family counselors. Each of these professionals would need specific education in hypnotic treatments.
Hypnosis and memory recovery
TV shows often portray hypnosis being used to access and recall hidden or vague memories. But research has not shown this method to be reliable. There is a widespread belief that hypnosis produces accurate memories and that people who have been hypnotized tend to feel confident that their memories are accurate. This can lead to the persistence of false memories. Researchers have found that hypnosis does not work well as a memory-recovery method.
Tell all of your healthcare providers about any health approaches, supplements, and medicines you use. This will give them a full picture of your health. It will also help make sure you get safe, effective, and coordinated care.


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What Is an Oracle Database
What Is an Oracle Database? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Oracle Basic Concepts
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There are many books about Noah’s ark, and quite a few from the perspective of different animals, but the imagined journal Noah kept gives a new point of view. Noah describes his conversations with God, building the ark, loading food for the animals, and how the other people made fun of him. Entries Six, Seven and Eight detail the rain and flood and life on the ark. Entry Nine, the final one, is about life after Noah and the animals leave the ark. There is a short glossary and some interesting facts at the end of the text. There are several clues that this book is written from a Christian perspective. In the glossary, “Hebrew” is defined as “the name given to God’s chosen people who were also called Israelites.” Neither moniker was used until much later in time. Noah was not Jewish. In a picture where Noah and his family are praying, the people are kneeling and have their hands together. The book emphasizes God’s love for Noah as opposed to his disappointment with what was wrong with the world. While the colorful i llustrations are cute and full of energy, the humor and puns (“What does Noah know-ah?”) of the text, as well as the wordiness, are for an older audience than the illustrations. This book is an optional choice at best, for ages 5 – 8.
Kathe Pinchuck, M.L.I.S., is the librarian of Congregation Beth Sholom in Teaneck, New Jersey. She is currently the chair of the Sydney Taylor Book Award Committee of the Association of Jewish Libraries.


Iris Berent does an interesting Perspective artice in PNAS that considers the strong intuitions that laypeople hold about human nature. People's attitudes bifurcate for "hot emotions" and "cold ideas." Emotions, people believe, are innate, whereas ideas must be learned. She suggests that the dissonance between intuitive dualism and essentialism explains why emotions and ideas elicit such conflicting reactions. Here is her summary graphic, followed by the article's abstract:
Few questions in science are as controversial as human nature. At stake is whether our basic concepts and emotions are all learned from experience, or whether some are innate. Here, I demonstrate that reasoning about innateness is biased by the basic workings of the human mind. Psychological science suggests that newborns possess core concepts of “object” and “number.” Laypeople, however, believe that newborns are devoid of such notions but that they can recognize emotions. Moreover, people presume that concepts are learned, whereas emotions (along with sensations and actions) are innate. I trace these beliefs to two tacit psychological principles: intuitive dualism and essentialism. Essentialism guides tacit reasoning about biological inheritance and suggests that innate traits reside in the body; per intuitive dualism, however, the mind seems ethereal, distinct from the body. It thus follows that, in our intuitive psychology, concepts (which people falsely consider as disembodied) must be learned, whereas emotions, sensations, and emotions (which are considered embodied) are likely innate; these predictions are in line with the experimental results. These conclusions do not speak to the question of whether concepts and emotions are innate, but they suggest caution in its scientific evaluation.
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Dip in treatment
Almost half a million people might have missed out on starting treatment to lower their blood pressure during the first year of the pandemic, which could lead to thousands more cardiovascular events, according to researchers.
Fewer people started taking medication for high blood pressure during the pandemic
Almost half a million people might have missed out on starting treatment to lower their blood pressure during the pandemic, according to new research.
Between March 2020 and July 2021, almost 500,000 fewer people than expected started taking blood pressure medication. By the first half of 2021, there were still 27,070 fewer people starting blood pressure medication each month compared with 2019, and 16,744 fewer people started statins each month.
This drop could cause more than 13,500 additional cardiovascular events, the researchers, from the University of Liverpool and Imperial College London, write in the journal Nature Medicine. They say their findings highlight the need for the NHS to identify and treat those with high blood pressure.
The aims to prevent 150,000 strokes, heart attacks and cases of dementia over the next ten years through increased testing of three CVD risk factors, hypertension, atrial fibrillation and dyslipidaemia.
Phil Pyatt, CEO of Blood Pressure UK, said: “It’s clear that the pandemic had a huge effect on the amount of people seeing health professionals to get their blood pressure checked. Now the work starts to get checks-up to pre-pandemic levels, and it is good to see that outside of BPUK there are a number of initiatives to boost numbers.”


BioActive Magnesium 60 Tablets
What is magnesium?
Magnesium is a essential mineral and a vital alkaline-forming element. Also, it is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body which says something about its importance. Magnesium is present in all cells, with 98% of the mineral being inside the actual cell. An adult contains approximately 24 grams of magnesium. About 25% is found in muscle tissue and about 60% is in our bones together with other minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
Magnesium has several important roles in the body. It supports more than 300 different enzymatic processes. The following may help to elucidate magnesium’s importance.
Magnesium contributes to:
normal muscle function
normal energy metabolism
maintenance of normal bones and teeth
normal psychological functions and electrolyte balance
normal functioning of the nervous system
a reduction of tiredness and fatique
normal protein synthesis
and has a role in the process of cell division
Increased focus on magnesium
Science has become increasingly interested in magnesium because of the mineral’s widespread influence on so many different body functions. At the same time, the need for extra magnesium is seen among coffee drinkers and elite athletes because excessive coffee consumption and heavy perspiration is known to deplete the body’s magnesium stores.


Myth was a form of truth for early Greek society. This initial conception of myth was not only considered a representation of art and poetry but also a form of culture and a source of knowledge. In this paper, I’ll argue that Plato’s attempt to reform the conception of myth was directed to represent more aspects of reality and at the same time promote understanding of its causality. Moreover, Plato’s reform included a reevaluation of the role of myth to prevent its usage in justification of good and evil, and transfer the moral responsibility of human action from the gods to humans themselves. Plato’s attempt shall not be taken as a suppression of the myth-making ability but as a natural step towards an ongoing cultural revolution of his times.
Department, Program, or Center
Department of Philosophy (CLA)
RIT – Main Campus
Alvarado Quispe, Johann, "Plato and the Re-formation of Myth in Greek Society" (2023). Accessed from
2023 recipient of the Henry and Mary Kearse Writing Award


This article summarizes recent experimental and epidemiological data on the toxic and beneficial effects of ethanol and its metabolites (acetaldehyde), and focuses on their immunomodulatory effects. The section dealing with the toxic effects of alcohol focuses on its chronic toxicity (liver disorders, carcinogenic effects, cardiovascular disorders, neuropsychic disorders, addiction and withdrawal syndrome, hematologic disorders, reprotoxicity, osteoporosis) although acute toxicity is considered. The role of oxidative metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 2E1, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, as well as the impact of genetic polymorphism in its physiopathology are also highlighted. The section dealing with the beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption (on cardiovascular system, diabetes, the nervous system and sensory organs, autoimmune diseases, and rheumatology) highlights the importance of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in these observations. This knowledge, enriched by a focus on the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol and its metabolites, in particular on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, might facilitate the development of treatments that can reduce ethanol's harmful effects or accentuate its beneficial effects.
Keywords: Ethanol; acetaldehyde; alcohol; immunomodulation; metabolism; toxicity.


The Advocate features Survived & Punished NYC member, Ash Stephens, who makes the connections between’s Pride’s radical legacy and the call to defund the police. Excerpt below:
We all must return Pride to its radical roots by answering the call to organize in our local communities to defund the police because this call to has always been at the center of queer liberation movements.
In 1966, trans and gender nonconforming people, sex workers, street youth, and drag queens in San Francisco fought back against police violence through radical activism in what came to be known as the Compton Cafeteria Uprising.
In 1969, Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera were on the front-lines of the famed Stonewall rebellion that took place for several days as a response to violence and escalation on behalf of the New York Police Department at the Stonewall Inn. In 1970, they created STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries), a radical organization focused on supporting sex workers and homeless queer youth, after a days long sit-in protest with other members of the queer liberation movement that also birthed the Gay Liberation Front.
Several queer liberation organizations, activists, writers, and organizers have come up through this history, including a group of Black radical socialist lesbian feminists organized under the Combahee River Collective. In their 1974 Combahee River Collective Statement, they introduced the term interlocking oppressions (giving way to the framework of intersectionality coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw) and influenced the trajectory of Black queer radical organizing for years to come.
Defunding the police is an LGBTQ issue. Countless Black trans women and Black trans people experience interpersonal and community violence on a daily basis — like Iyanna Dior who was recently beaten up on video by a group of people in Minneapolis and Nina Pop who we lost to deadly violence in Missouri in May — and are made no “safer” by the presence of police. Police are the violence. In the Trans Agenda for Liberation’s first pillar — Black Trans Women Living and Leading Fiercely — a coalition of majority Black, indigenous, and migrant trans, non-binary, and gender- nonconforming leaders working with Transgender Law Center call for abolishing the prison industrial complex. The prison industrial complex is a web of imprisonment, policing, and surveillance that includes the call to defund the police.
Art above by Monica Trinidad. Full article here.


You’ve been doing it since you were five. You switch to auto pilot morning and night and get it done. But are you doing it right?
Actually, many people are making tooth brushing mistakes. You may need to tweak your routine to better benefit your oral health and guard your smile from tooth decay and gum disease.
Here are critical tooth brushing tips:
1. Take your time.
It’s understandable. You want to get it over with and go to bed. Proper teeth cleaning takes time and careful attention. Time yourself the next time you brush – you might be surprised at how rapidly you finish. The process should take at least take two to three minutes. It can also be beneficial to take a different route around your mouth every few days. By altering your system, you approach areas from a different, and possibly, better angle.
2. Don’t forget to floss.
No matter how agile you can be with your brush, it’s difficult to get rid of the plaque from all those narrow gaps between your teeth. That is where bacteria can easily increase and start the decay process.
3. Use the right toothbrush.
It is ironic that some people hurt their enamel or gums because they brush too vigorously with an inflexible brush. Drs. Blaisdell advises patients to only use a soft brush. If you’ve had gum grafts, you may want to use an extra soft brush.
4. Don’t keep your tooth brush near the toilet.
This is awful to think about, but each time the toilet is flushed, bacteria is sent far into the air – even if you close the lid. Keep your toothbrush in a clean place and let it to air dry.
5. Use fluoride toothpaste.
This may seem like a no-brainer but you may be surprised that some oral care products don’t contain fluoride. And you may think it’s only for children. Not true. Your enamel is continuously under assault from acidic foods and drinks and fluoride helps it remineralize.
Contact Blaisdell Family Dentistry:
Location (Tap to open in Google Maps):
8877 W Hackamore Dr


Where the borders of Egypt, Sudan, and Libya meet, a rugged mountain complex rises from the Sahara. The peaks of Jebel Uweinat reach elevations about 2,000 meters (7,000 feet) above sea level. Geologists exploring Jebel Uweinat have found rock layers that are hundreds of millions of years old, preserving traces of landscapes that were very different from the bone-dry environment that prevails here today.
The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA’s Terra satellite acquired this image of Jebel Uweinat on March 17, 2010. ASTER combines infrared, red, and green wavelengths of light to make false-color images. Vegetation appears red, and bare ground and rocks appear earth-toned. Because vegetation is so sparse and bare rock is so abundant, this image appears quite similar to a natural-color image.
From ASTER’s perspective, Jebel Uweinat looks like two different structures pushed together. The disparate contours of the eastern and western halves reflect different compositions of the rocks making up the mountain complex. Rocks in the western half were formed by volcanic activity, making a giant ring around a crater. Rocks in the eastern half include sandstone, siltstone, and shale that preserve fossilized clues to past environments when the landscape was flowing with water. Ancient marine organisms burrowed into sediments that later hardened into rock; their burrow tunnels were preserved to the present day.
Today water is scare at Jebel Uweinat, as the surrounding desert receives less than 100 millimeters (4 inches) of rainfall per year. The mountain complex receives just a little more rainfall than the surrounding sand seas. Fewer than 100 species of plants have been recorded here, and some peaks have hardly any plant life. What plants manage to eke out an existence here are generally confined to temporary rivers, or wadis, formed from rainwater runoff.
Jebel Uweinat also holds clues to human habitation in this region, including engraved petroglyphs of giraffes, gazelles, lions, ostriches, and people.


When a youth or teen has food allergies Halloween can lead to difficult times with all of the treats coming into the home. Everyone loves to enjoy candy and other yummy foods that come with Fall, but there are some things to look out for when a person has a food allergy. Read on to learn more about how to protect youth, tips, and tricks.
Healthy Tip Tuesday is brought to you in partnership with Trinity Health Systems.
What are some options:
- Pick out or pass out only non-candy items:
- Stickers, small toys, crayon packs
Look for allergy-friendly Halloween candy to eat or pass out. These are free of milk, egg, soy, peanut, tree nuts, wheat, gluten, fish, and shellfish.
- Jelly Beans
- Dark Chocolate
- Chewing Gum
- Sugar-free Hardy Candy
Make sure to always read labels, and check out this website for more allergy-friendly foods. If you are passing out candy to others, it never hurts to ask the youth or adult with them to make sure there are no allergies since the candies could be mixed in the same bowl.
As the guardian make sure:
- The youth has their medication with them at all times while trick or treating in case they take a bite!
- Wear a medical bracelet if they have one.
- Check candy with them before eating once they are home.
- Have a way to call 911 if the youth comes in contact with food they have a severe allergy to.


When programming in C++, you may come across a warning message that says 'deprecated conversion from string constant to char*'. This warning message may seem confusing at first, but understanding its impact on your codebase is important for maintaining a clean and efficient code.
What is 'Deprecated Conversion from String Constant to Char*'?
A 'deprecated conversion from string constant to char*' warning message is issued by a compiler when it detects a conversion from a string literal to a non-const char pointer. This warning message is issued because it is considered bad practice to modify a string literal, and doing so can lead to undefined behavior.
Why is it Important to Address This Warning Message?
Ignoring this warning message can lead to issues in your codebase, such as segmentation faults, memory leaks, and unexpected behavior. Addressing this warning message will help to ensure that your codebase is clean, efficient, and free of any potential issues.
How to Resolve This Warning Message
The best way to resolve this warning message is to replace the non-const char pointer with a const char pointer. This will prevent any unintentional modification of the string literal.
Here is an example of how to resolve this warning message:
const char* stringLiteral = "Hello World!";
Q1: What is a string literal?
A1: A string literal is a sequence of characters enclosed in double-quotes.
Q2: What is the difference between a const char pointer and a non-const char pointer?
A2: A const char pointer cannot be modified, while a non-const char pointer can be modified.
Q3: What is undefined behavior?
A3: Undefined behavior is when the behavior of a program is not defined by the C++ standard.
Q4: Can ignoring this warning message cause security vulnerabilities?
A4: Yes, ignoring this warning message can lead to security vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows.
Q5: How can I prevent this warning message from appearing in my codebase?
A5: Use const char pointers instead of non-const char pointers when dealing with string literals.


Lauren Svensen FNP-C
Most medications can be stored safely at room temperature but some medications require refrigeration. Your medication will have a label that indicates the temperatures it can be safely stored at. If you accidentally leave your medication in a boiling hot car in the summertime or in a freezing car in the winter, your medication may not work as well. Store medications out of reach of children and be sure to use a safety cap on your medications. Many pharmacies have medication tops that can either be a safety cap or be reversed and used as a screw cap.
Take Your Meds On Time
To get the most benefit from your medications, take them on time as prescribed. Using a phone alarm as a reminder is one strategy to help you remember. Try taking your meds as a part of your routine, for example, put your morning medications by your toothbrush. Other strategies include using pillboxes or using a pharmacy that packages your medication in a blister pack labeled with the date and time.
Keep a Medication List
Keep a written list of the medications and supplements you are taking and know what they are for. Be sure to tell your health care provider about all of the medications, supplements, alcohol, tobacco & other drugs you are taking. Medications can interact with supplements, and alcohol & drugs; your health care provider needs this information to decide if it is safe to take the new medication. Your pharmacist and health care provider will check for any medication interactions. If possible, it is beneficial to use one pharmacy for your medications, that way your pharmacist knows about all of the medications you are taking.
Medications Have Two Names
Medications can be confusing because they have two names, a brand name, and a gene


The latest studies of manta, led by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego showed new facts about these wonderful marine inhabitants. The marine ecologists from California studied satellite-tracked manta rays to shed light on the lives of these mysterious ocean creatures Manta birostris.
The scientists for San Diego University decided to know more about manta rays (Manta birostris) for better understanding their travel through the ocean. Manta birostris can live for over 40 years, and their wingspan can reach 23 feet (about 7 m).
The marine biologists published their findings in the journal Biological Conservation, and their article is full of interesting facts, earlier unknown even for manta researchers. The Californian biologists during their research work tagged and collected muscle tissue samples from the rays at four different sites in the Indo-Pacific separated by 373-8,078 miles.
The latest research of manta rays in California
The tagging method gave to biologists rich data: during six months the tags were recording mantas movements, what gave to scientists a lot of useful information. Along with genetic and stable isotope analyses on the collected muscle tissues, the marine biologists found that manta rays remained close to their tagged location, and are very likely distinct subpopulations with very limited connectivity between regions.
Earlier, the scientists assumed manta rays to be long-distance travelers like other vertebrates in the ocean. But Scripps Oceanography PhD candidate Joshua Stewart explained new fact:
“These animals are showing a remarkable degree of residency behavior compared to the migrations we were expecting. While mantas do make the occasional long-distance movement, it appears that the norm is to stay put. This means that any one population of mantas is highly susceptible to fisheries and other human impacts, but that local populations are also more easily protected.”
Stewart and his team at National Geographic Crittercam are conducting a follow-up study to affix cameras to the vertebrates to directly observe their feeding behaviors and diet.


These are the articles and videos from the previous week I found most interesting.
- Mapping the Brain
- Brief History and Future Development of Earth System Models: Resolution and Complexity
- How to Create a Mind
- Ray Kurzweil: Get ready for hybrid thinking
- Inflation: A New Universe is Born
Mapping the Brain
Apr 8, 2014
Trailblazers in neuroscience Dr. Christof Koch and Dr. John Donoghue reveal mind-blowing insights on how the brain turns thought into voluntary behaviors and how that knowledge is empowering victims of neurological trauma with regained physical abilities.
Brief History and Future Development of Earth System Models: Resolution and Complexity
Warren Washington, NCAR
2007 Nobel Prize as a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
NERSC Nobel Lecture Series: Warren Washington, May 28, 2014
How to Create a Mind
at TEDx Silicon Valley
Mar 5, 2013
Ray Kurzweil is discussing his ideas about human mind.
Ray Kurzweil: Get ready for hybrid thinking
Jun 2, 2014
Two hundred million years ago, our mammal ancestors developed a new brain feature: the neocortex. This stamp-sized piece of tissue (wrapped around a brain the size of a walnut) is the key to what humanity has become. Now, futurist Ray Kurzweil suggests, we should get ready for the next big leap in brain power, as we tap into the computing power in the cloud.
Inflation: A New Universe is Born
Mar 27, 2014
Almost 14 billion years ago, the universe burst into existence. In the first fleeting fraction of a second it expanded exponentially, stretching far beyond the view of our best telescopes. Alan Guth developed the theory of cosmic inflation to describe the first moments of the universe. He summarized inflation at an event to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Big Bang (via detection of the cosmic microwave background). Part of the Observatory Night lecture series at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.