Can Guinea Pigs Hibernate?
Guinea pigs are small, lovable rodents that make great pets, but do they hibernate? That’s a common question that many Guinea pig owners have, and the answer is complex.
Do Guinea Pigs Hibernate in the Wild?
In the wild, Guinea pigs don’t usually hibernate. Instead, they huddle together during cold winter days for warmth and protection. They also consume food and water regularly during the winter months.
Can Domestic Guinea Pigs Hibernate?
Domestic guinea pigs, unlike their wild counterparts, can hibernate, but only under certain circumstances. In order for a domestic guinea pig to become dormant and enter a state of hibernation, it must be exposed to cold, dark, and dry environment in their cage. If exposed to these conditions, a Guinea pig may enter a state of hibernation and won’t eat or drink.
Dangers of Guinea Pigs Hibernating
If you have a domestic guinea pig, it is important to be aware of the potential dangers of hibernation. Here are some of the risks associated with letting your Guinea pig hibernate:
- Dehydration: Guinea pigs can’t drink while hibernating, so they need plenty of water prior to entering their dormant state.
- Malnourishment: Guinea pigs don’t eat while hibernating, so they need to have a healthy, balanced diet before they enter their dormant state.
- Injury: Guinea pigs may be vulnerable to injury while hibernating, so it’s important to provide a safe cage environment free of sharp objects.
- Accumulation of Ammonia: Ammonia can accumulate quickly in a Guinea pig’s cage when they hibernate, so make sure to provide clean bedding regularly.
While Guinea pigs can hibernate under certain circumstances, it is not recommended. If you think your Guinea pig may be hibernating, make sure to monitor them closely and provide them with plenty of water and food.


“A nations culture resides and the hearts and soul of its people” Mahatma Ghandi
Part of the excitement of living overseas is the discovery of a new culture and joining in the celebration of the local holidays and traditions of our adopted country, but there are so many reasons why maintaining our own cultural traditions remain just as important.
Traditional celebrations such as weddings, religious holidays, a national observance, are some of the key elements of all cultures which form part of our cultural identity.
Celebrating traditions helps us to stay grounded in our own culture while adapting to a new one. This is particularly important when going through some of the phases that may affect us in the first months in our adopted country; be it culture shock , trials whilst settling in our new job, finding appropriate housing or navigating through the usual bureaucratic hoops; connecting and celebrating one of your traditional holidays can brighten up our mood for weeks as we become absorbed in preparations for the event and the excitement of the day itself and helps us to connect with fellow compatriots who can eventually form part of our support group. Staying connected with your countrymen, serves as a constant reminder of your background, ethnicity, religious and social behavior. Coming from a multilingual and multicultural background, my regret is not having taught my children the different languages I was exposed to.
Regular get-together’s allows for many new friendships to flourish and memories that will last a lifetime.
Giving our 3rd Culture Kids Some Roots
“A people without the knowledge of their past, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”
Reminders of our traditions is perhaps most important for the 3rd culture kids, it helps them to keep firmly rooted to our own culture at the same time learning experiences which might not otherwise occur.
So next time you see one of our traditional holidays approaching on the calendar, start planning. Invite your friends, involve the kids, and create lasting memories.
Share our Culture
Traditional celebrations are also an excellent opportunity for intercultural exchange and understanding, kids and adults learn about other cultures through these gatherings.
Being part of the global village and diverse society is great to broaden your horizons, however understanding and embracing your heritage, your roots and ancestry are important elements that help shape our future…
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Preventative measures for heart health start as young as 3 years old, according to a large study published in the journal Pediatrics.
The study took place over three years, looking at over 400 children ages 3-5 years old.
The findings indicated that all physical activity had a positive effect, but more intense physical activity was better.
The researchers looked at key indicators of heart health: cardiovascular fitness (how well the heart and lungs work), arterial stiffness (physical stiffness of the large arteries which can contribute to poor health in older adults) and blood pressure (the force of your heart pumping that moves blood around in the body). To measure fitness levels, they calculated how long a child could last on a treadmill test and how fast their heart rates were after the exercise. They also measured blood pressure.
Arteries stiffen over time, but the process was slower in the children who had been more active. These children also showed higher endurance (treadmill test) and they had speedier recovery times after exercise. Findings were similar between girls and boys.
The researchers say that physical activity can occur throughout the day-it doesn’t have to be all at once. But intensity matters. “Children benefit the most from energetic play, which means getting out of breath by playing games such as tag. And the more, the better,” says Brian Timmons, an associate professor in the Department of Pediatrics at McMaster and the Canada Research Chair in Child Health & Exercise Medicine, who supervised the research.
The takeaway: physical activity at a young age has significant health benefits. In the future, researchers hope to find out if this beneficial effect during childhood continues into adulthood.
Nicole A. Proudfoot, Sara King-Dowling, John Cairney, Steven R. Bray, Maureen J. MacDonald and Brian W. Timmons Pediatrics July 2019, 144 (1) e20182242; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2242


Earth Day is coming up this week on April 22 and we want to shed light on the significance of this holiday. The first ever Earth Day was in 1970 in the United States and became a globally recognized event around 1990. The day encourages everyone to be mindful of their own impact on the planet and to make better choices that benefit the environment.
One simple way you can help the planet this Earth Day and beyond is by reducing your carbon footprint. Switch up your commute to and from work, or do your nearby errands on foot instead of getting in the car. gitamini makes it easier to walk further and more often by carrying your gear so you’re no longer limited by what you can carry.
Did you know that 1/3 of all car trips in the US are less than two miles? Think of the impact we could make if we walked some of those trips instead of getting in the car and driving. For every mile you walk instead of drive, you reduce your carbon footprint by one pound and reduce air pollution.
Not only does living a life on foot reduce air pollution, but it actually creates a need for more green spaces. The more that people opt to walk instead of drive, the more that municipalities will need to create traffic-free spaces. Imagine the potential impact of this new demand! Perhaps these spaces could be full of trees, plants, wildlife, etc. to help our environment’s health as well as our mental health. Walking also helps boost your mood, promotes biodiversity, and can save you gas money - what’s better than that?!
Join us in making better choices - opt to walk more rather than hopping in the car on shorter trips and bring gitamini along for the ride. gitamini makes it easy to take life on the go and keeps you hands-free allowing for more travel on foot without the hassle of heavy bags.
May is Mental Health Awareness Month
Prioritize your mental health this month with the help of gitamini
Starting at $2475


This indicates that blueberries can reduce inflammation, thereby lowering the risk of brain degeneration and neurodegenerative disease.
Eggs are an excellent source of B vitamins and choline. B vitamins delay cognitive decline, and B vitamin deficiencies have been linked to depression and dementia.
Not only is 60 percent of your brain made up of fats containing omega-3s, but they are also essential for the production of brain and nerve cells.
Vitamin C protects against brain cell damage and promotes optimal brain health. According to a study, vitamin C may prevent Alzheimer's disease.
It has been observed that vitamin K aids in the formation of fat within brain cells and improves memory.
Nuts are beneficial for both the brain and the heart due to their healthful fats, antioxidants, and vitamin E content.
In addition to antioxidants, pumpkin seeds contain zinc, magnesium, copper, and iron.
Tea and coffee both contain caffeine, which enhances brain function and wakefulness, as well as antioxidants.
Not only is it a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance, but it can also penetrate the brain directly through the blood-brain barrier.
Tumeric has been linked to enhanced memory, decreased depression, and the development of new brain cells.
Whole grains such as bread, pasta, barley, brown rice, oatmeal, and bulgur wheat contain vitamin E, which protects and maintains healthy cells.
Vitamin E preserves brain function and prevents neurodegeneration by protecting these cells.


A little more info...
Feeding the ducks
In your adventure together, you will:
Wake up the Littlemagictrain and arrive at the seaside.
Put on your wetsuit, flippers and goggles and blow bubbles as you jump in.
Meet a dolphin and join her as she leaps over and under the waves.
Spot giant sea turtles searching for food on the ocean floor. Time for a snack!
Join the jellyfish as he wobbles and wibbles in the ocean.
Don’t let the shark nibble your toes.
Time to jump out and say goodbye to all your new friends.
Wake up your Littlemagictrain and journey home.
There are so many opportunities for learning in the adventures and we have done all the hard work so you can have all the fun helping your little ones learn. Littlemagictrain sessions cover all areas of the EYFS and the curriculum for Wales.
Your download includes
Under the sea
- A4-sized illustrations
- How to build and develop the adventure
- Movement guide for the interactive part of the adventure
- How this adventure links to the early-year’s curriculum
Introducing the adventure to your little ones’ guide.
Sensory and invitation activities for the adventure.
Speech and language activities.
Story chain train.
Fun activities for the children.
Provocation planning activities.
Vocabulary for the adventure.
Certificate for the children on completion of their adventure.
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The tiny black jumping spider, scientifically known as Salticidae, may be small in size, but it is not lacking in the leaping department. With the ability to jump distances up to 50 times their body length, these little spiders are truly incredible.
The leaping ability of the black jumping spider is due to its unique anatomy. Its legs are specialized with two pairs for walking, one pair for gripping, and one pair for leaping. The jumping legs, called pedipalps, have a unique hinge-like joint that allows the spider to extend and store energy before releasing it for a powerful jump.
In addition to their physical adaptations, the black jumping spider also has exceptional vision. With four pairs of eyes, they can see both near and far and have the ability to focus on objects with great precision. This exceptional eyesight helps them to accurately judge the distance and trajectory of their jumps, allowing them to land precisely on their prey.
While the black jumping spider may seem like a harmless creature, they are actually predators. Their incredible leaping abilities allow them to catch prey such as flies and other insects with ease. Once they have caught their prey, they use their powerful jaws to deliver a venomous bite that quickly paralyzes their meal.
Despite their predatory nature, the black jumping spider is a fascinating and important part of the ecosystem. They play a crucial role in controlling insect populations and are an important food source for other predators such as birds and lizards.
In conclusion, the tiny black jumping spider may be small in size, but they are mighty in terms of their leaping abilities. Their unique anatomy and exceptional vision allow them to catch prey with incredible precision, making them a formidable predator in their environment. Overall, the black jumping spider is a remarkable creature that holds an important place in the vast web of life.


(RxWiki News) The Scripps Research Institute has been granted over $3 million to develop molecular compounds to help fight disorders related to our body's "circadian rhythm," or internal clock.
There are an estimated 70 million Americans suffering from some kind of sleep disorder, be it insomnia, sleep apnea or snoring. These disorders not only affect the quality of life and energy of sufferers; they also take a toll on overall health and can contribute to other severe disorders.
Our circadian rhythm is our internal clock that regulates our body over a 24-hour period. It is this daily cycle that tells us when to rest and when we should be active. Disruptions to the circadian rhythm are the impetus to sleep disorders, as well as mental illnesses like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Recently, the Scripps Research Institute was awarded a grant of over $3 million to develop compounds that will correct abnormalities in circadian rhythm. Thomas Burris, a professor in the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, says the team already has "an initial lead" they believe "will result in several new and more effective compounds."
The study will focus on nuclear receptors, which are proteins found within cells that regulate the body's hormones and various processes, such as metabolism and the circadian internal clock. These receptors can be manipulated with the use of molecules to correct a number of health disorders.
Nuclear receptors are considered "tempting drug targets" because of their ability to bind directly to genes and DNA. A subgroup of receptors called "retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors" (RORs) are directly involved with the body's metabolic processes and circadian regulation.
The team aims to develop drugs that will interact with these RORs, which has never been done before and could pose serious side effects. However, Professor Burris is optimistic that their research will prove fruitful. "There is compelling evidence that these receptors are associated with these diseases," he concludes. "We're on the cutting edge of this research."


Help Covid-19 researchers by turning your phone into a supercomputer with DreamLab
By downloading Vodafone’s DreamLab app, you can lend the processing power from your smartphone to scientists who need a computational boost.
It’s frustrating when your work laptop just isn’t up to scratch. It must be even more frustrating when you’re trying to run analyses on a global pandemic and haven’t got the computing power that you need.
Related: Best smartphone 2020
This where DreamLab comes in. The app is designed to harness processing power from the general public’s phones and lend it to scientists, who need a little boost for their data-based calculations.
Originally developed by Vodafone Foundation, the app has previously been used by cancer researchers at Imperial College. As the same university is now turning its attention to coronavirus, researchers there hope to use the app again to borrow a little juice from the public.
It’s important to note this isn’t mining your data, but instead using smartphones to form a kind of supercomputer.
The researchers at Imperial College want to study which drugs and food types could help people with Covid-19, and how these things could be combined to maximise their effects. Although they have the data they need, they don’t have a machine that’s capable of processing millions of calculations.
Dr Kirill Veselkov, who is leading the research at Imperial College London, said: “We urgently need new treatments to tackle Covid-19. There are existing drugs out there that might work to treat it; and the great thing about repurposing existing drugs is that we already know they are safe and therefore could get them to patients quickly.
“However, we have to do difficult and complicated analyses using artificial intelligence and all of this takes a huge amount of computing power. DreamLab creates a supercomputer that enables us to do this important work in a relatively short timeframe.”
Related: How to stop Google using your location data for its Covid-19 behaviour tracking reports
As most of us spend our waking-day glued to our phone, the researchers are encouraging users to plug in the phone to charge and switch on the app just before going to bed. To download the app, search for DreamLab in the App Store store or Play Store for Android.


Candles - Harmful Ingredients to Avoid
As a lover of candles, and a collector of many years, I am only recently learning about the scary truth that comes with burning them.
There are many studies debating whether or not burning candles can be dangerous. The conclusion: though the ingredients found in typical store-bought candles can produce harmful toxins, there’s no evidence of whether or not there are enough of the ingredients to become a health threat.
So, I’ve decided to be proactive, learn what ingredients to avoid, and avoid the potential risk all together.
Without further ado, here is a list of the most harmful ingredients found in candles, and why they are likely a threat to our health:
- Metal Core Wicks
- Candles produced in North America are not legally allowed to manufacture candles containing metal core wicks. But, if your candle says, “Made in (Anywhere other than North America)”, this could be an indication that a metal core wick has been imported. These wicks can potentially hold traces of lead, and are thought to be capable of causing lead poisoning if enough of the fumes are inhaled.
- Paraffin Wax
- Fragrance Oils/Perfumes
- Burning artificially scented candles can release carcinogens such as formaldehyde (this is a fancy way of saying they are capable of releasing cancer-causing agents into the air).
- Synthetic fragrance can contain up to 5000 different chemicals, which can result in symptoms such as allergy symptoms, asthma attacks, headaches, dizziness and respiratory tract infections.
- Artificial Dyes/Colours
- As soon as we light an artificially fragranced and dyed candle, we are releasing all of these chemical compounds into our air. These candles are the largest cause of indoor air pollution.
Naturelle candles are made with cotton wicks, 100% natural soy wax with soy plant-based additives, 100% essential oils, and no colours. Morning Mimosa is orange because the sweet orange essential oil used to fragrance it was extracted from orange peels, not because of any artificially coloured additives.
Whether these ingredients are directly harmful to human health or not, sticking to 100% natural candles that are hand-poured in small batches eliminates any potential risks all together.


Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Variation in Rod Spectral Sensitivity of Fishes is Best Predicted by Habitat and Depth
Journal of Fish Biology
Absorbance, Light, Photoreceptor, Scotopic, Vision, Visual ecology
Microspectrophotometry was used to compile rod spectral sensitivity data (λmax) for 403 species of ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii) in order to examine four hypothesized predictors of rod spectral sensitivity (depth, habitat, diet and temperature). From this database, a subset of species that were known to be adults and available on a published phylogeny (n = 210) were included in analysis, indicating rod λmax values averaging 503 nm and ranging from 477–541 nm. Linear models that corrected for phylogenetic relatedness showed that variation in rod sensitivity was best predicted by habitat and depth, with shorter wavelength λmax values occurring in fishes found offshore or in the deep sea. Neither diet, nor the interaction of diet and habitat, had significant explanatory power. Although temperature significantly correlated with rod sensitivity, in that fishes in temperate latitudes had longer wavelength rod λmax values than those in tropical latitudes, sampling inequity and other confounds require the role of the temperature to be studied further. Together, these findings indicate that fish rod λmax is influenced by several ecological factors, suggesting that selection can act on even small differences in fish spectral sensitivity.
Lorian E. Schweikert, Eleanor M. Caves, Sarah E. Solie, Tracey Sutton, and Sonke Johnsen. 2018. Variation in Rod Spectral Sensitivity of Fishes is Best Predicted by Habitat and Depth .Journal of Fish Biology : 1 -27. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles/959.
©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved


Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 37:24 — 21.7MB)
~ Gunsmoke, The Choice, Part 5
Actions Speak Louder Than Words
People don’t always believe everything you say about yourself. They watch you. And if you actions and words line up — if what you say and what you do are the same — then they believe you. But if what you do and what you say don’t jive — I mean, if they’re different, then people are going believe what they see, not what they hear. You see, your actions speak louder than your words.
In this part of the play, Andy’s actions, his behavior, show us what he is really like. If he goes out riding shotgun and keeps the shipment of gold safe from bandits along the road, then we know we can trust him. Seeing him act in a trustworthy manner one time builds more trust for the future. If, on the other hand, he says he wants an honest job, says he wants to go straight, but then robs the stagecoach, his words become false.
Listen to find out…
~what Andy’s true colors really are, whether he’s good or bad.
FREE PDF: Keywords & Transcript
Have fun learning the keywords with English-Chinese Flashcards and Games.
DL100 Keywords on Quizlet.
It looks like Andy is going straight. Is it possible for people to really change? Has Andy really changed, or was he always good at heart? Tell us all about it in a comment below.
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The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of large proteins in membranes and are able to transport a variety of compounds through membranes against steep concentration gradients at the cost of ATP hydrolysis. The available outline of the human genome contains 48 ABC genes; 16 of these have a known function and 14 are associated with a defined human disease. Major physiological functions of ABC transporters include the transport of lipids, bile salts, toxic compounds, and peptides for antigen presentation or other purposes. We review the functions of mammalian ABC transporters, emphasizing biochemical mechanisms and genetic defects. Our overview illustrates the importance of ABC transporters in human physiology, toxicology, pharmacology, and disease. We focus on three topics: (a) ABC transporters transporting drugs (xenotoxins) and drug conjugates. (b) Mammalian secretory epithelia using ABC transporters to excrete a large number of substances, sometimes against a steep concentration gradient. Several inborn errors in liver metabolism are due to mutations in one of the genes for these pumps; these are discussed. (c) A rapidly increasing number of ABC transporters are found to play a role in lipid transport. Defects in each of these transporters are involved in human inborn or acquired diseases.


The transverse abdominis muscle: your natural girdle
The transverse abdominis, like the rectus abdominis muscle leans toward mythical properties. Many people have associated weakness in this muscle with lower back pain. That is debatable, but what isn’t debatable is how interesting this muscle truly is.
What does the name transverse abdominis muscle mean?
Transverse means across. Abdominis comes from the Latin word abdere which means to stow away. From this then you get an idea that the abdominals, in general, function to “stow away” contents (the digestive organs).
Where does the transverse abdominis muscle attach?
The transverse abdominis is not really considered to have a typical origin or insertion because the muscle fibers run horizontally.
It attaches at one end (considered the “origin” by some) at the inguinal ligament, the iliac crest, the thoracolumbar aponeurosis and the internal surface of the costal cartilages 7-12.
It attaches at the other end (considered the “insertion” by some) on the abdominal aponeurosis and the linea alba.
What actions does the transverse abdominis muscle do?
The function of the transverse abdominis is to compress the abdominal contents. It’s the natural girdle we all wear. As is the case with all of the abdominal muscles, stabilization is a key function.


This ‘knowledge enhancement’ project included 25 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the UK.
The main focus was a survey of children and parents to produce original, rigorous data on their internet use, risk experiences and safety mediation. This aimed to (i) produce new, relevant, robust and comparable findings regarding the incidence of online risk among European children; (ii) pinpoint which children are particularly at risk and why, by examining vulnerability factors (at both individual and country levels); and (iii) examine the operation and effectiveness of parental regulation and awareness strategies, and children's own coping responses to risk, including their media literacy.
A random stratified sample of 25,142 children aged 9-16 who use the internet, plus one of their parents, was interviewed during Spring/Summer 2010 in 25 European countries. The survey investigated key online risks: pornography, bullying, receiving sexual messages, contact with people not known face-to-face, offline meetings with online contacts, potentially harmful user-generated content and personal data misuse. In addition to a report of the full findings, the network produced a series of thematic reports on parenting, bullying, patterns of risk and safety, disadvantaged children, risky opportunities, social networking and digital skills. Country comparisons and policy recommendationscompleted the analysis, all encapsulated in the final report. Further information.


(a) What do you understand by etiquette and manner? (b) What is the relation between etiquette and manner? (c) What are the places of learning etiquette and manner? (d) Do you think etiquette and manner are the same irrespective of society to society and culture to culture? (e) Why are etiquette and manner important?
Man is a social animal. So following a social code of behaviour is important for living in the society. These are called social behaviour. We have two terms to describe our social behaviour – etiquette and manners. Etiquette is a French word. It is a set of rules dealing with exterior form. Manners are an expression of inner character. Rules of etiquette are the guiding codes that enable us to practice manners. Manner is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one’s mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. The best place to learn manners and etiquette is the home where the child spends most of their time. Besides home, we also learn etiquette and manners from various institutions, such as schools. colleges or professional bodies. Again, there are rules of behaviour for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them and practise them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. A few polite expressions such as ‘pardon me.’ ‘excuse me, ‘May 1,’ can make our day smooth and pleasant. Although they do not cost anything, they bring us valuable gains. They enhance the pleasure of life. One can win over even the enemy if he presents good manners. Good
manners and etiquettes are the keys to success.


Arat Sabulungan had long been a guide for the indigenous people of the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to preserve the environment, said five UGM Philosophy students in their research.
Aza Khiatun Nisa said her exploration aimed at seeing whether the native belief could function as a model to be outlined in the country’s culture-based sustainable development strategy.
“In line with the findings, sustainable development with such a modern impression can collaborate with local wisdom,” said Aza on Tuesday (30/8).
Aza was joined by Nur Amalia Fitri, Muhammad Farid Wajdi, Kartika Situmorang, and Moch Zihad Islami. The team visited Madobag Village on Siberut Island and Tuapejat Village on Sipora Island on 17-25 June 2022 to gather data and met with Sikerei (Shaman) Aman Sasali.
The Shaman said the term Arat Sabulungan embraced many meanings, from religion, customs, and traditions, to parties.
“Arat means custom, and Sabulungan means ritual. The word Bulung means leaf. In short, Arat Sabulungan means custom that comes from nature,” said Aman.
To open a road, for instance, rituals to ancestral spirits performed by the community are a must, in addition to legal documents from the government. The environmental consequences will be carefully considered prior to the decision as it will affect their grandchildren.
“One example of environmental conservation is related to permits. The construction of roads, buildings, or others must also obtain permission from the Mentawai community through the Sikerei or their leaders,” said Aza.
The use of natural resources is also regulated and restricted in the community’s practices, for example, in kei-kei (taboos and prohibitions), tulou (fines), alak toga (dowry), panaki (ritual asking for permission), punen (party), and leleiyo or urai simatak (folk song).
Author: Gusti Grehenson


The legal principle in international waters is quite particular. Who makes the law there? What are the sanctions applicable in this part of the world? These are some of the questions that come from the notion of "international waters". To better understand, read this post.
Freedom and non-membership, an inviolable principle on the high seas
On the high seas, there is no law that your country can enforce to subdue you. This is because international waters do not belong to any state. Therefore, no country's jurisdiction can be enforced there. However, you will only be free to navigate, fly over, or conduct research in this area if you comply with international conventions.
It is therefore a freedom regulated by the decisions and compromises made by all the countries of the world. Any violation of these conventions is subject to sanctions, defined by the United Nations.
The obligation to assist
People have the obligation to assist a person in danger on the high seas. This is an obligation thanks to international conventions. Moreover, it is essential to collaborate with all the states or institutions concerned, on a major criminal case:
- Human trafficking;
- Drug trafficking.
This principle is recognized and approved by the States. In addition, there are also agreements or conventions aimed at regulating activities on the high seas such as fishing. These agreements aim to protect certain marine species such as whales, tuna, etc.
These are some of the aspects of the functioning of international waters at the level of the States of the world. This area belongs to the whole world, whether it is a coastal country or not. The principle remains unchanged, it is a no man's land. A place that cannot be owned by any country. Therefore, no country can make its law there as if it were its territory.


Determine the type of the matrix
given by 57, zero, zero, zero, negative 72, zero, zero, zero, zero. Is it (A) a row matrix, (B) an
identity matrix, (C) a diagonal matrix, or (D) a column matrix?
Now, if we look carefully at these
definitions, we see that we can disregard two of them immediately. We know that a row matrix is just
as it sounds. It’s a matrix that consists of
exactly one row. Our matrix, of course, has three
rows, so it cannot be a row matrix. Similarly, a column matrix consists
of exactly one column. And our matrix has three. So the answer cannot be (D). And so we have two left to choose
from. We have the identity matrix and the
diagonal matrix. Both of these matrices are special
types of square matrices. We know that an identity matrix has
all elements equal to zero except those in the main or leading diagonal.
And in this case, those have to be
equal to one as shown. Then a diagonal matrix does look
quite similar. All the elements above and below
the main diagonal are equal to zero. And then we have a series of
nonzero elements that only occur in the main diagonal. Now, not all of those elements
needs to be nonzero. But we know that all of them can’t
be zero because then we would have a null or zero matrix. And so, by comparing these
definitions to our matrix, we see we can also disregard the identity matrix. We have 57 and negative 72. We can, however, say that all of
the elements that sit above the main diagonal, that’s this, are zero and the
elements that sit below it are zero. And so we have a diagonal
matrix. And the answer is (C).


Blog Editor’s Note: Interesting article from GPS World on NovAtel’s method of locating GPS/GNSS disruptions. The article also has three great examples of use cases which we will feature, each in its own post.
NovAtel’s is one of several such products and services which should be used more widely. At the moment, far too few companies or governments seem to be concerned about on-going minor GPS/GNSS disruptions, or the threat of more significant events.
Innovation: Tracking down interference with likelihood mapping
Where is it?
By Paul Alves, Carmen Wong, Matthew Clampitt, Eric Davis and Eunju Kwak
WE LIVE IN A POLLUTED WORLD. Sometimes even pristine environments are desecrated.
No, I’m not talking here about the rubbish on Mount Everest, nor the leaching of heavy metals from tailing ponds, nor the plastic trash in the oceans, nor the sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.
I’m talking about radio-frequency pollution. Just as we would like to have our physical environment free of pollution for our better health and that of the ecosystem, we would like the radio spectrum to be free of pollution so that its users — virtually everyone on the planet — can have a better RF experience, whether it be when listening to the radio, using a cell phone or operating a GNSS receiver. We usually call RF pollution interference, or RFI for short, as it interferes with the signal we are trying to receive.
RFI can be accidental or deliberate, in which case we call it jamming. As a shortwave radio enthusiast, I am familiar with both types of RFI. Although the majority of the world’s radio stations attempt to coordinate their broadcasts to ensure that two stations don’t try to beam their signals to a particular area on the same or an adjacent frequency at the same time, it does happen, ruining reception. And if a country doesn’t want its citizens listening to certain foreign radio broadcasts, it might attempt to jam them as the Soviet Union did in the past and as China, North Korea, Cuba and several other countries still do.


I don’t remember where we first read this parenting advice, so I can’t guarantee its scientific backing, but here it is anyway.
When your (hypothetical) six-year-old child is talking and singing to himself in bed at night–after you’ve put him to bed–as long as he’s not keeping his (hypothetical) siblings up… let him talk and sing.
Why? Because he’s processing his day in the ways he knows how. And if this (hypothetical) six-year-old son is in all-day kindergarten this year and has just moved this summer, that processing time is important to his development and well-being.
So we let our (not hypothetical) six-year-old son talk and sing after we put him to bed, as long as it’s quiet, and as long as it doesn’t go on for more than a half hour.
More times than not, he’s done in about 15-20 minutes and then fast asleep. And we haven’t gotten upset or into a verbal struggle with him. And–most important–he’s had some added processing time before he goes to bed.


When women across Texas and the rest of the United States give birth in a clinic or hospital, they face a high chance of having to deliver their babies via Cesarean section. While the World Health Organization believes that C-section births are necessary in a certain percentage of cases, studies show that, in many parts of the world, including the United States, the number of babies born via C-section is far higher than it should be.
According to NPR, the WHO asserts that C-section deliveries are likely necessary in somewhere between about 10% and 15% of all births. Yet, in the United States, 32% of babies are born via this method. The number of babies born via C-section has also tripled since 1990 despite the fact that C-section deliveries come with a much higher risk of complications for mothers and babies.
Why C-sections are riskier than traditional births
C-sections heighten birth injury risks for mothers as well as babies. Moms who deliver babies via C-section are more likely to experience complications along the way, some of which may prove life-threatening. A mother’s risk of cardiac arrest, uterine rupture and bleeding all increase with a C-section delivery. Babies delivered via C-section are also more prone to certain problems including respiratory issues and heightened chances of becoming obese or developing an autoimmune disease later on.
Why C-sections continue to grow in popularity
Many believe a combination of factors is leading to higher C-section rates. Hospitals and doctors get more money for C-section deliveries than traditional ones. They are also faster than traditional births and often less likely to lead to lawsuits.
Expectant mothers planning to deliver babies in particular hospitals may want to ask what the C-section delivery rates are at those hospitals before having their babies there.


Step 5 of 5O lengthener of days! Fig. 4 - The sun in Iraq, 1932 – Library of Congress – Wikimedia Commons Here you see a star-shaped sign, and below it, a circular kind of sign. These two spell out the name of the sun god Shamash. The rest of the king’s message is a long prayer to this god, whose temple is the subject of the text. I will let the king speak for himself.The star sign stands for the word ‘god’, but in this case is not meant to be read out loud. It tells us that we should read the next sign, which stands for the word ‘sun’, as the name of a god, in this case Shamash. Such reading help is needed because the same sign can have different meanings and different uses depending on context. Apart from helping signs and word signs, cuneiform also uses sound signs: above the star and the sun, there are two signs which spell out the syllables be and li. Beli means ‘my lord’. Shamash, great lord—look joyfully onto my good deeds, and give me a long life, a fulfilling old age, a firm throne and a long reign as gifts. Accept my praying firmly, and by your supreme command, which is unalterable, may I make my deeds, the work of my hands, last forever. May my descendants flourish in kingship. May it endure in the land. Wherever my hands are raised at you, my lord Shamash, may my way to smite my enemies be open. You are Shamash! May your furious weapons, which cannot be held back, go at my side to make my enemies fall. Like the bricks of the Ebabbar, which are firmly placed for eternity, may my years be long forever. Not even a mighty king can do everything on his own. To live our life, we need the sun as much as we need other people. If the Mesopotamians teach you one thing today, let it be this: when the sun is out, put yourself in its shining light. May your days in its generous warmth be long.


In the summer of 1778, during the Revolutionary War, Colonel George Rogers Clark with less than 200 soldiers made an expedition from Kentucky to Kaskaskia, in present-day Illinois. They took the British post there completely by surprise, conquering it without casualties. In February 1779 Col. Clark, with only about 100 men, followed up by marching overland through muddy swamps flooded with freezing water to Vincennes (in present-day Indiana), and conquered another, even more important, British fort.
These nearly miraculous military feats made George Rogers Clark a legend in his own lifetime. American military control of these posts at the end of the Revolution gave our negotiators in Paris grounds for claiming the ‘Old Northwest’ as American territory, rather than leaving it part of British Canada. Amazingly, the British accepted the argument and turned the region over to the U.S. Today that region covers five states and part of a sixth (Minnesota), and is the home of nearly 50 million Americans.
Below are some useful books and articles on the Great Lakes States portion of this website, with links to the pages where they can be found. Also look for other books about the Revolutionary War books on those pages and on the War & Military pages at Century Past.
Great Lakes War & Military page
English, William Hayden, Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, 1778-1783 and Life of Gen. George Rogers Clark (etc) (1896)
Randall, Emilius O., “Clark’s Conquest of the Northwest” (1903)
Illinois War & Military page
Clark, George Rogers, edited by Quaife, Milo M., The Conquest of the Illinois (1920)
Clark, George Rogers (Col.), Sketch of his Campaign in the Illinois in 1778-9 (etc.) (1869)
Great Lakes Biographies and Memoirs page
James, James A., The Life of George Rogers Clark (1929)


The United States Tax Code is a complicated and powerful set of laws. It provides the government with various tools to better ensure compliance. One example: the ability to restrict travel. In some cases, the government can restrict international travel if the taxpayer has a substantial tax bill.
The government does this by using a series of laws. First, the government must show that there is a substantial tax bill as defined within 26 U.S.C. § 7345. Then, based on a provision within the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, the government can deny, revoke, or otherwise limit the taxpayer’s passport.
In a recent case, the IRS accused a taxpayer of having over $400,000 in unpaid tax debt. The deemed the taxpayer “seriously delinquent” for the purposes of this law and limited his ability to travel. The taxpayer fought back. He filed a case against the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and requested summary judgment. If granted, this would essentially result in a win for the taxpayer.
The taxpayer had two arguments. First, he argued that the court should grant his request because the government’s action was a violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. Second, he argued the limitation was a violation of his basic human rights as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
The government countered that their actions did not violate taxpayer’s rights. Instead, it stated the law the taxpayer used only certified the presence of facts about his tax bill — not the restriction to travel.
What did the court decide?
The Tax Court found that Code § 7345 does not violate the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause or the Universal Declaration of Human Rights since it merely provides for the certification of certain tax-related facts and does not restrict the right to international travel.
Interestingly, the court notes the taxpayer may have had a stronger argument if he had continued his argument on I.R.C. § 7345 instead of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
It is important to explore all legal claims when moving forward with these types of cases to better ensure success. The attorneys at Goldburd McCone have experience in these types of cases and can discuss these and other legal remedies available for taxpayers in similar situations.


Project Chief: Delwyn S. Oki
Project Period: April 2011 through December 2016
Cooperator: Honolulu Board of Water Supply
Location: Island of Oahu.
The Pearl Harbor aquifer is the most important aquifer on the island of Oahu and currently supplies about 100 million gallons per day of fresh groundwater mainly for public supply. Decisions related to future infrastructure development and alternate sources of fresh water, including desalinization, will depend on the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resources in the Pearl Harbor aquifer. The current estimate of sustainable yield used by the Hawaii State Commission on Water Resource Management (CWRM) is based on a simple equation that does not account for aquifer heterogeneities and the spatial distribution of withdrawals. Salinity of water pumped by some wells in the eastern part of the Pearl Harbor aquifer have risen in recent years, although recent pumpage from the area is near the CWRM-estimated sustainable yield. It is critically important, from both economic and resource standpoints, to have an accurate understanding of how much fresh groundwater in the Pearl Harbor aquifer can be developed for future needs.
The overall objective of the study is to provide the BWS with a tool that can be used to (1) effectively manage groundwater pumping from the Pearl Harbor aquifer and (2) develop long-range plans for future development of resources in the Pearl Harbor aquifer as well as alternate sources of fresh water. The tool will be in the form of a three-dimensional numerical groundwater model capable of simulating the distribution of salinity in the aquifer and the response of the freshwater lens to user-specified pumping conditions.
See the results to date here…


The pie-charts about different house designs, such as foundation, wall, roof and toilet types of Bagmati Rural Municipality, Lalitpur District is based on 2011 population census conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) of Nepal. As of 2011, largest number of houses in Bagmati Rural Municipality had foundation as mud bonded with total number of 30 (8,536.67%) houses, while foundation having wooden piller were 22 (73.33%) houses. Rest of house foundations were cement bonded (4), other types or except listed here (3) and rcc piller (1). With respect to the house wall, most houses had mud bonded wall with total number of 2,555 (98.61 %) houses, while second most houses had cement bonded wall with total number of 11 (0.42%) houses. Remaining houses had bamboo (10), other types or except listed here (8) and wood planks (7) wall. Similarly, there were 2,049 (79.39%) houses that had roof type as galvanized followed by 520 (20.15%) houses having roof type as thatch. Rest of houses had roof type as tile (11) and rcc (1). In total, 1,244 (47.79%) houses had no toilet while 715 (27.47%) houses had flush toilet and 644 (24.74%) had ordinary toilet. Just to clarify that, the data that was not stated or information about the people who did not stated what types of house designs they had are not illustrated in the pie chart and are not analyzed here.
The pie-chart is free to reuse or redistribute for governmental, research, educational or other non-profit purpose, but proper citation is required.
(Chart Creator/Analyst: Milan Karki | Copyright: 2020 NepalArchives.Com | Date Created: January 4, 2020 | Data Source: CBS, Nepal)
Click HERE to read complete statistical profile of Bagmati Rural Municipality.


Epsilon: A Yellowstone Wolf Story by Ted Rechlin
- Written and illustrated by Ted Rechlin
- 48 Pages
- Recommended age: 3-18 years
When Epsilon, a wolf in Yellowstone National Park, was just a pup, he tragically lost his parents in a gruesome battle with a rival wolf pack. Luckily, he and his littermate escaped, however, they had to learn how to survive in a competitive area all on their own. Follow along with Epsilon and his sister, as they fight to learn how to hunt, and grow up in the stunning landscape of YNP. Epsilon: A Yellowstone Wolf Story, a graphic novel written and beautifully illustrated by Ted Rechlin, is both entertaining and educational. Learn all about the fascinating wolves that inhabit Yellowstone National Park, and their constant battle at surviving in a fierce ecosystem!
Ted Rechlin, the author and illustrator behind this awesome graphic novel, is passionate about making his wildest dreams come to life. You can often find Ted writing exhilarating books about wolves, sharks, monsters, and even prehistoric creatures. Cool! Based in Bozeman, MT, this Montana local knows the in and outs of Yellowstone National Park and offers educational insights in each of his fun books.
For more fun graphic novels, check out our selection of goodies from Rextooth Studios!


Cygnus Loop, 2 Panel Mosaic
This is the Cygnus Loop (also known as the Veil Nebula), first discovered by the English astronomer William Herschel in 1784. It is a supernova remnant located in the constellation Cygnus, about 1,470 light-years away from us. The nebula spans approximately 3 degrees across, which corresponds to a physical size of about 110 light-years. The Cygnus Loop is the result of a supernova explosion that occurred around 8,000 years ago, when a massive star at least 20 times the mass of the Sun reached the end of its life and exploded.
The Cygnus Loop is composed of several overlapping structures, including the Western Veil, the Eastern Veil, and Pickering’s Triangle. These structures are ionized by the shock wave from the supernova explosion, which heats up the gas to millions of degrees and causes it to emit X-rays. The Cygnus Loop is one of the largest and brightest supernova remnants in the sky, and it is visible to the naked eye as a faint, wispy patch in the constellation Cygnus.
The Cygnus Loop is so large that it spans an area of the sky about 36 times the size of the full Moon. The Western Veil of the Cygnus Loop is also known as the Witch’s Broom, due to its resemblance to a broomstick.


Attila Aszódi, a professor at the Budapest University of Technology, spoke about the outcomes of a potential accident at a Ukrainian nuclear power plant. In the wake of the Russian-Ukrainian war, many are wondering what the worst-case scenario might be. We aim to find some answers with the help of Aszódi.
Is there another nuclear outbreak on the cards?
The Russian forces attacking Ukraine would like to occupy several strategically important nuclear power plants. in addition to the no longer operating Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the Zaporizhia power plant, one of the largest in the world, was acquired by Russians. The International Atomic Energy Agency has also expressed concern about this, writes atlatszo.hu.
“However, there is no need to fear a nuclear disaster,”
said Attila Aszódi, a professor at the Budapest University of Technology. “An accident at a nuclear power plant in Ukraine would have limited impact on Hungary. The radioactivity would be measurable, but there would be no health consequences for the Hungarian population. Within some 10-kilometre circle around the power plants, the effect that is actually health-relevant would remain and the radiation could spread further. However, that would occur in such a low concentration that there would be no health consequences in Hungary” said Aszódi.
The reactors operating in Ukraine are different from those at Chernobyl.
There is no second Chernobyl disaster in the making
In Chernobyl, they used another technology, the so-called graphite-moderated, water-cooled reactors, writes portfolio.hu. However, the current nuclear plants no longer work with that. “They are free of graphite and there is no risk of a reactor runoff that caused the 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl site. And since there is no graphite in the current reactors, graphite fire is not possible,” Aszódi added.
If a nuclear accident happened in Ukraine, the Hungarian measuring system would detect some of the radiation, but there would be no health consequences.
Nevertheless, Hungary is ready for a nuclear accident. The country even has its own nuclear emergency response system. The expert pointed out that it was unnecessary to store iodine tablets. It does not protect against radiation and there are more health risks than benefits if you take these pills.
Source: atlatszo.hu, portfolio.hu


Solar energy is a reliable and renewable source of energy that has been around for centuries. It is becoming increasingly popular due to its affordability, environmental benefits, and long service life. In this article, we will explore the many advantages of solar energy and how it can benefit your home and the environment. One of the main advantages of solar energy is its affordability. Solar panels are now more affordable than ever, making it a viable option for homeowners looking to reduce their electricity bills.
Additionally, solar panels can increase the value of your home, making it a great investment. Solar energy is also a clean and emission-free source of energy. Unlike fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, domestic solar energy does not release harmful pollutants or greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide into the air and water supply. This makes it an ideal choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint. Another great benefit of solar energy is that it can provide free electricity for your home. After about 8 years, your solar panel system will have been fully paid for by providing free electricity to your home.4 And these solar cells usually last for decades around 25 to 30 years, on average,5 meaning you can enjoy free electricity for many years to come. Finally, solar energy is a renewable source of energy that does not rely on rare earth metals.
The name “rare earth metals” is a bit misleading, since these elements are actually in abundance. However, it is the extraction of these elements for use in wind turbines and solar cells that has a negative impact on the environment and the humans who extract them.12 Fortunately, major technology companies, such as Apple, are exploring methods to recycle these rare earth elements to maintain a constant supply, which prevents costs from inflating due to increasing demand.15.


You are given an undirected graph $G$ with $n$ nodes and $m$ edges. The set of vertices is $V$ and the set of edges is $E$.
Let the Complement of $G$ be $G’$. The Complement of a graph is a graph with all of the same nodes, but if there’s no edge between nodes $a$ and $b$ in $G$, then there is an edge between $a$ and $b$ in $G’$, and if there is an edge between $a$ and $b$ in $G$, then there is no edge between $a$ and $b$ in $G’$.
A Clique is a subset of nodes that have an edge between every pair. A subset of nodes $S$ is called a Double Clique if $S$ forms a clique in $G$, and $V-S$ forms a clique in $G’$. Note that an empty set of nodes is considered a clique.
Given a graph, count the number of double cliques in the graph modulo $10^9+7$.
Each input will consist of a single test case. Note that your program may be run multiple times on different inputs. Each test case will begin with a line with two integers $n$ and $m$ ($1 \le n,m \le 2 \times 10^5$), where $n$ is the number of nodes and $m$ is the number of edges in the graph. The nodes are numbered $1..n$. Each of the next $m$ lines will contain two integers $a$ and $b$ ($1 \le a <b \le n$), representing an edge between nodes $a$ and $b$. The edges are guaranteed to be unique.
Output a single integer, which is the number of Double Cliques in the graph modulo $10^9+7$.
|Sample Input 1||Sample Output 1|
3 3 1 3 1 2 2 3


Get detailed explanations to advanced GMAT questions.
N and M are each 3-digit integers. Each of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 is a digit of either N or M. What is the smallest possible positive difference between N and M?
Option A is the correct answer.
Let’s Consider N = (100X1 + 10Y1+ Z1)
Consider M = (100X2 + 10Y2+ Z2)
N – M = 100(X1-X2) + 10(Y1-Y2) + (Z1-Z2)
Let’s analyze these terms:-
100(X1-X2) = 100; we need to keep it minimum at 100 (i.e. X1-X2=1 with pair of consecutive numbers). We do not want it over 200 as it will increase the overall value.
10(Y1-Y2) = -70; to offset 100 from above, we should minimize this term to lowest possible negative value. Pick extreme numbers as 1 & 8 -> 10(1-8)= -70
(Z1-Z2) = -1; Excluding (1,8) taken by (Y2,Y2) and pair of consecutive numbers taken by (X1,X2) -> we are left with 1 pair of consecutive numbers -> Minimize it to -1;


An accessible and richly illustrated introduction to the natural history of dogs--from evolution, anatomy, cognition, and behavior to the relationship between dogs and humans
As one of the oldest domesticated species, selectively bred over millennia to possess specific behaviors and physical characteristics, the dog enjoys a unique relationship with humans. More than any other animal, dogs are attuned to human behavior and emotions, and accordingly play a range of roles in society, from police and military work to sensory and emotional support. Selective breeding has led to the development of more than three hundred breeds that, despite vast differences, still belong to a single species, Canis familiaris.
The Dog is an accessible, richly illustrated, and comprehensive introduction to the fascinating natural history and scientific understanding of this beloved species. d m Mikl si, a leading authority on dogs, provides an appealing overview of dogs' evolution and ecology; anatomy and biology; behavior and society; sensing, thinking, and personality; and connections to humans.
Illustrated with some 250 color photographs, The Dog begins with an introductory overview followed by an exploration of the dog's prehistoric origins, including current research about where and when canine domestication first began. The book proceeds to examine dogs' biology and behavior, paying particular attention to the physiological and psychological aspects of the ways dogs see, hear, and smell, and how they communicate with other dogs and with humans. The book also describes how dogs learn about their physical and social environments and the ways they form attachments to humans. The book ends with a section showcasing a select number of dog breeds to illustrate their amazing physical variety.
Beautifully designed and filled with surprising facts and insights, this book will delight anyone who loves dogs and wants to understand them better.


Welcome to Ask Professor Labcoat where Children’s Museum of Atlanta answers YOUR science questions!
One curious kiddo asked how much does planet Earth weigh?
Kate (Professor Labcoat), our fun-loving, inquisitive and super smart Science Educator, gave this answer:
There is no scale big enough to weigh the Earth, and the planet is zooming through the vacuum of space where gravity changes depending on what’s nearby. This means that scientists must figure out the weight of the planet using math and the laws of gravity.
Objects with mass (like planets) have gravity. Gravity pulls objects toward one another. This is called gravitational attraction.
Let’s use Mars as our partner in this equation. Beware: this formula is not as simple it looks! F = G(M1*M2/R2)F = how hard the gravity of the objects (like Earth and Mars) are pulling on each other.
G = 6.67259 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2. This is a constant, meaning it does not change
M1 and M2 = the two objects that are attracting each other. In this example, M1 is Earth and M2 is Mars.
R = how far apart the objects are from each other
All you have to do is plug them into the equation and solve for M1 (Earth). You will find that the weight of planet Earth is…
13,170,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1.3 x 1025) pounds! That’s thirteen septillion!
Thanks for your question!


Robotics for Students age 10 – 14
Our Arduino Robotics course is designed to get students started quickly and easily on their path to learning electronics used in robotics applications.
In this course, we will dive into programming and engineering using the Arduino microcontroller. This electrical engineering course is great for someone interested in learning to code and has a keen interest in electrical engineering. Students will design their own electrical circuits and sensors, and learn about programming them using the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
They will then learn how to take their circuits to the next level by building a surprise Arduino project. Using the Arduino IDE, students will use the C and C++ programming languages, along with Arduino’s supplied software library. At the end of the course, students will take home their Arduino and their completed projects and files.
A $75 supply fee is included in the cost that will cover the students Arduino and project supplies, that they will take home at the end of the session.
This is an 6 week-long Instructor Lead class that follows a strict curriculum, only 2 make-up sessions are allowed for each 6 week period. NO EXCEPTIONS.
Make-up sessions must be scheduled by appointment on Mondays or Saturdays. Make-up sessions must be scheduled within one week of the missed class.
A minimum of 3 students are required in order for the session to be held.
CLASS DATES: 01/20/2023 – 03/03/2023
CLASS TIMES: 5:00 PM – 7:00 PM
NO CLASS FEBRUARY 17th
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The National Library of Medicine (NLM) recently developed resource lists for three public health emergencies affecting both local and global communities:
An incident web page was created to gather resources on the emerging health issues arising from the Zika Virus.
Two PDF documents on recent chemical incidents have been updated.
Links to these lists are included below and also can be found on the NLM Disaster Health home page, https://disasterinfo.nlm.nih.gov
Zika Virus Health Information Resources https://disasterinfo.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/zikavirus.html
Lead in Flint, Michigan Water System https://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/FlintLeadWater.pdf
Aliso Canyon/Porter Ranch Gas Leak https://disasterinfo.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/aliso_canyon_gas_leak.pdf
These resource lists link to a variety of sources such as:
- Local, state, federal and international agencies and organizations
- Database searches for the health information issues around the incidents
- Social media resources for situational awareness
To keep up-to-date on these and other Disaster Health resources, please sign-up for email updates: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMDIMRC/subscriber/new.


Shin splints is a general term for pain in the front of the tibia or shin. The pain could be related to muscle, tendon, periosteium, or bone. It supports most of the body weight with every step, and its supporting muscles absorb the remaining forces.
It is common in runners who are running longer than they ever have before or increasing their hill running. It is common with impact sports with quick changes in direction, such as tennis or basketball.
Many people are interested in knowing how to get rid of shin splints, and this is nothing but normal. Shin splints, also known as the Tibial stress syndrome, very rarely presents as a medical condition in itself.
Shin Splint Risk Factors
In addition to over training, several risk factors include:
1. Running with worn out shoes
2. Jumping activities
3. Overpronation – or excessive collapse of the foot arch during walking or running
The excessive movement causes increased stress on the muscles and tendons of the lower leg, eventually causing an overuse injury of the lower leg muscles resulting in shin splints.
Massage therapy works to reduce the pain and muscle spasms in the lower legs. Shin splints might be very painful in one or two locations, but usually the entire leg is affected. At the time of first massage, people comment how tender they are all over. They only expected to feel pain right around the injury site, but realize there are many painful spots in all the leg muscles. If treatment only addressed the most painful spots, there would be a high likelihood of the pain returning.
Massage is going to address all of the muscles of the lower legs. After several sessions you will notice a big difference in how loose the legs feel. The pain will disappear and you will notice how different healthy leg muscles feel during the massage compared to the injured area.
People recover faster and are less likely to have an injury aggravation if all the muscles are treated.


Application: Leadership Theories and Styles
“Leadership is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth.”
—James MacGregor Burns, political historian, in Leadership (1978)
Throughout history, scholars have developed theories to explain the traits, behaviors, and goals of effective and ethical leadership. A leader’s personality and the leadership theory he or she follows influence his or her leadership style. Leadership style refers to the traits, skills, and behaviors a leader exhibits in situations. John Lewis, a civil rights activist, was a leader in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement and regularly demonstrated ethical and caring behavior as well as a desire to help others. For this Application, you evaluate the degree to which John Lewis’s style reflected a particular leadership theory.
Review “Eras of Mainstream Leadership Theory and Research.” Consider the similarities and differences among the great man, trait, contingency, transformational, servant, and multifaceted leadership theories. Also, think about how to choose which leadership style to use.
Review the article “Ethical Leadership: A Review and Future Directions.” Consider the similarities and differences among transformational, spiritual, authentic, and ethical leadership theories.
Review the video Minds That Matter: John Lewis.
Think about John Lewis’s leadership style and consider what leadership theory best describes this style.
The assignment (2 pages): Due by Sunday 11/01/15.
Briefly describe the leadership theory that you think best describes John Lewis’s leadership style
Explain the degree to which John Lewis’s style reflected this leadership theory. Be specific and use examples to illustrate your explanation.
Support your work with specific citations from the Learning Resources. You are allowed to draw from additional sources to support your explanation, but you must cite using APA standards. All quoted material must be identified, cited, and referenced per APA standards.
follow this link to get a similar paper written from scratch


The contribution of ICT in teaching and learning Tone of Tanzanian Bantu languages
Ismail, Joseph Hokororo
MetadataShow full item record
This paper was intended to discuss the contribution of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning tone of a given language. The paper urges that apart from depending only traditional education technology and methodology in learning and teaching, ICT can contribute successfully in teaching and learning tone. In traditional perspectives, it is believed that teaching and learning of subject matters is very much related and necessitated by offering training on formal settings which involve classroom interaction an organized classroom with hardcopy books and other related matters. With the development of ICT, and the rise of network, the correspondence and interaction through networking has expanded globally. One of the tools used in teaching and learning of Tone is ICT, specifically Computer. The theoretical framework adopted in this paper are Classic learning theories which include behaviorism (Skinner, 1953), Cognitivism (Gagne, 1984) (Akinsanmi, 2008). Qualitative approach was employed to involve the researcher’s interpretation of linguistic narrative data which were obtained from the documentary reviews and focus group discussions done by respondents both students and instructors on tone class by giving them freedom of expression on how ICT was facilitated them tone learning. The study was carried out in two programes in MA. Linguistics class, in one university. This study used three methods such as focus group discussion, interview and documentary review.The findings of the study were: (i) that ICT facilitates teaching of tone through application of symbols and equations that couldn’t be possible or difficult in using free hand drawings, (ii) easy manipulation of sounds and tone marking strategies of which the mechanical listening of sounds through ear that may miss- lead tone interpretation has facilitated the accuracy tone analysis. The conclusions drawn from this study were that the Institutions which are involved in teaching tonology can get use of ICT technology in a very formal way thus contributing to high level of mastering the of subject matter with a minimum time waste. The paper recommends that both learners and instructors should be ICT illiterate and get use of it as through establishing computer laboratory to enable students to have an access to computer facilities, thus contributing to sustainable development in terms of human resource utilization and innovation.


The purpose of this activity is to differentiate between thesis and theme, to identify both in a model essay, and to outline the developmental strategy of the author. This will be helpful in writing throughout this course and in future courses. Note the following as well:
- An Analysis Essay about literature uses a thesis statement about a theme (one of the big ideas) that the author offers his/her readers. As we learned before, a thesis, as a tool of analysis, tells us how or why the author makes this theme available.
- Read this link about an Analysis Essay
- Read also the essay “The Practices of Dr. Rank” (a link for this student essay sample is at the bottom of the web page of the above link).
- Create a Word document which includes the following information about these two readings and is divided into the three sections below:
- According to the first reading, write what the difference is between a theme and a thesis (analysis) about that theme? Also include in your writing what the writer needs to do, according to this reading, to make a theme part of a thesis statement that will be used in writing an analysis.
- Copy and paste the thesis for the essay, “The Practices of Dr. Rank” into the forum. State which part of this thesis is the theme, and which part(s) is/are the analysis/thesis aspect?
- Construct an outline of the three body paragraphs of the essay, The Practices of Dr. Rank. Include the topic sentence and the evidence that supports the topic sentence, as was done in the previous assignment.
- Post your Word document (as an attachment) to the discussion board by clicking on the title of this activity or through the Discussion Board main menu button on the left.
Graded. Total Points = 10
- Grading Rubric:
- To better understand how you will be assessed, follow this guide to access the Grading Rubric for this activity:
- Accessing the Discussion Board Grading Rubric.pdf
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This trial is testing whether a new way to do a stem cell transplant, which uses a device to remove some cells from the transplanted blood, is safe and effective in children and young adults with cancer or other blood disorders.
1 Primary · 4 Secondary · Reporting Duration: 1 year
Awards & Highlights
1 Treatment Group
TCRαβ+/CD19+ depleted HSCT
1 of 1
80 Total Participants · 1 Treatment Group
Primary Treatment: TCRαβ+/CD19+ depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) · No Placebo Group · Phase 2
Who is running the clinical trial?
Age Any Age · All Participants · 0 Total Inclusion CriteriaMark “Yes” if the following statements are true for you:
Frequently Asked Questions
Are there any opportunities to enroll in this medical trial currently available?
"This trial, which has been advertised since September 16th 2019 and recently updated on the 21st of September 2021, is now actively seeking participants." - Anonymous Online Contributor
To what extent is TCRαβ+/CD19+ depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) a safe procedure for people?
"The safety of TCRαβ+/CD19+ depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) was assessed as a 2, since there is preliminary data that suggests its safety but no evidence to back efficacy." - Anonymous Online Contributor
What is the current aggregate of participants in this medical experiment?
"Correct. According to the information posted on clinicaltrials.gov, this study is actively seeking participants with an initial posting date of September 16th 2019 and a recent update as of September 21st 2021. 80 patients must be enrolled from one medical site for the trial to move forward." - Anonymous Online Contributor


Transition Temperature in Cell Membranes Predicts Effectiveness of Cancer Drugs Erlotinib and Trail
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Lipids appear in cell membranes in various phases including Liquid ordered (Lo), Liquid disordered (Ld) and gel phase. As temperature varies, their distribution within cell membranes changes. Near a certain temperature in giant plasma membrane vesicle model membranes, the lipid distribution experiences critical behavior that can be modeled through the Ising model of magnetic spins. At temperatures above the critical temperature, lipid distribution is uniform. Below it, large domains of same lipid order aggregate, so we call it a transition temperature. Different cell types have different transition temperatures, and treating membranes with different chemicals also affects the transition temperature. Two cancer drugs, Erlotinib and Trail, were examined to view their impact on human cell membranes. Results indicate that Erlotinib does not affect membrane order, while Trail lowers the transition temperature. It was predicted that cells with a lower transition temperature would be more likely to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) after treatment with cancer drugs. An experiment was performed to see whether lowering the transition temperature of live human cells using a chemical (isopropanol) which does not induce apoptosis would make them more susceptible to the drug Erlotinib. Results indicated cells treated with isopropanol were more likely to be killed by Erlotinib than those without treatment. Since Trail lowers transition temperature and is effective at inducing apoptosis, the author set up several experiments using the drug to determine what the connection between transition temperature and ability to induce apoptosis might be. Those experiments are left for future research.


Neutralizing the Downsides of Concrete
Concrete is a durable and necessary building material, but its carbon footprint is huge. Here’s a rundown of concrete’s tradeoffs and some solutions.
by Paula Melton and Brent Ehrlich
Concrete is a popular building material for good reason. It’s strong and durable, and it can be used as a finish as well as a structural material, reducing the need for other products.
But there’s a big drawback to concrete: its carbon footprint. Or, to be more precise, the carbon footprint of the binder used to make it—Portland cement. Portland cement emits tons of greenhouse gases (almost one ton for every ton of cement produced, in fact) for two reasons. First, it takes a lot of energy to make Portland cement. Limestone and other materials such as sand and iron are heated to 2,700ºF (1,480ºC) in massive cement kilns, and burning fossil fuels to fire these kilns emits about half the greenhouse gas emissions of Portland cement. The other half of its emissions come from limestone’s chemical conversion during the process, which releases CO2 directly into the environment. (Although coal was once the predominant fuel in cement kilns, alternative fuels and more efficient processes can be used to lower emissions.)
Published February 8, 2021
Melton, P., & Ehrlich, B. (2021, February 8). Neutralizing the Downsides of Concrete. Retrieved from https://www.buildinggreen.com/primer/neutralizing-downsides-concrete


When an American President “Loses It”
It has happened, of course—and not infrequently. Just in this century, American presidents who continued to serve in ofﬁce while seriously neurologically impaired include Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Dwight D. Eisenhower. In the ﬁrst two, there is a credible historical case that the results were catastrophic on a world scale. But the real question is: Could it happen again? Neurologist James Toole headed a Working Group on Presidential Disability, established in 1994 at the invitation of former President Jimmy Carter and Atlanta’s Carter Center, that made strong recommendations for guarding against a recurrence, but little has been done. As a result, says Dr. Toole, a time bomb (or a somewhat larger explosive) is ticking away. There are steps that would be simple—though not politically easy—to implement.
Brain Death in an Age of Heroic Medicine
When the technology of heart transplantation and life-support machines overtook the traditionally accepted criterion of death—cessation of heartbeat—an alternative criterion emerged. Irreversible loss of brain function, or “brain death,” for all the debates and recent attacks it has provoked, has worked well as a determinant of death, argues Dr. Guy McKhann.


You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Most of us rely on newspapers as the primary source of news and information and newspapers have a great influence on us. Do you think newspapers have more positive or negative influence on us?
Give your own opinion on the issue. Use your own experience or an example to support your idea.
Write at least 250 words.
Nowadays, the press is one of the leading sources of information for citizens. While it can have some drawbacks on communities’ beliefs, I personally believe that the positive consequences can be more obvious.
On the one hand, undoubtedly, newspapers have some negative impacts on individuals’ beliefs. Firstly, some unimportant news can be exaggerated. Some publishers, who work against a political party, may overstate its weaknesses via reports being published locally or even nationally. In this way, about nuclear talks between Iran and 5+1 countries, some opponents owing the press gave some negative implications about this negotiation that have been fundamentally unreal. In addition, the violation can be intensified. There is no any sufficient control on some inappropriate scenes being published in newspapers, making some age-groups to become more aggressive. In this way, a Californian teenager who read an article about the gun robbery in the local news committed similar crime after he read it.
On the other hand, the positive influences of newspapers cannot be discarded, and I agree that they have more numerous advantages on societies’ opinions. Firstly, citizens can become more familiar with the economic condition. Clearly, one of the best ways that civilians can understand the economists’ views is reading their articles in news. Knowing about inflation or recession, individuals can enhance their knowledge about how they can manage their finance or invest in some profitable stocks. Furthermore, news can raise people’s information about the climate condition. Apparently, the best source of data could be the weather reports, reported locally or nationally. If people did not have sufficient access to them, they would not have been informed accurately about some probable oncoming natural disasters. For instance, climate reports noticed millions of New Yorkers from a dreadful hurricane in 2013, through sending local announcements to their homes.
In conclusion, disadvantages of newspaper cannot be undeniable. However, the advantages can surpass them, and I believe that humans can escalate their economy and climate information by reading them.
[ Written by – Rambod Taghaodi ]
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The 2Dope2Bully campaign was created in May 2016 to help raise awareness for bullying.
- About 20% of students ages 12-18 experienced bullying nationwide, according to StopBullying.gov.
- According to statistics reported by StopBullying.gov, Nationwide, 19% of students in grades 9–12 report being bullied on school property in the 12 months prior to the survey.
The following percentages of students ages 12-18 had experienced bullying in various places at school:
- Hallway or stairwell (43.4%)
- Classroom (42.1%)
- Cafeteria (26.8%)
- Outside on school grounds (21.9%)
- Online or text (15.3%)
- Bathroom or locker room (12.1%)
- Somewhere else in the school building (2.1%)
- Approximately 46% of students ages 12-18 who were bullied during the school year notified an adult at school about the bullying.
With your help we can make a difference through encouragement and motivation. We educate individuals on the consequences of bullying by speaking at various events. There we distribute informational brochures to both adults and kids that includes tips on handling bullying, ways to identify it, and ways to help prevent it.
A percentage of our earnings will be donated to various anti-bullying charities, while the other funds will be used to continue to raise awareness by attending events. Help stop it before it happens.


Museum Collection: Waterlily Candle
A perennial water plant, waterlily or Nymphaea is a member of the Nymphaeaceae family. If the Nymphaeas gather today 35 species around the world, until the 19th Century, in Europe, we only know the white flowers nympheas. French horticulturists then decide to cross european and tropical species to create coloured hybrid that will later be exhibited in the Trocadero’s basins during the Paris universal exhibition in 1889 and featured in Claude Monet’s painting untitled « Les Nymphéas »
After a vegetal yet subtle floral top note, the waterlily reveals fruity tones that are enriched by coloured and succulent notes.
How To Use
Never leave a lit candle unattended, and do not burn one for more than 2 hours at a time. Always burn a candle until the entire surface liquifies, and allow it to solidify before re-lighting. Keep the wick trimmed to ¼ inch at all times, to avoid any black smoke. Gently re-position the wick while the wax is still molten. Always protect the surface on which the candle rests. Once only ¼ inch of wax remains, blow out the candle and let it fully cool before safely discarding it.
Weight: 185g / 6.5 oz
Burning time: 40 to 45 hours
Dimensions: H: 9 cm Ø: 7.5 cm


The Economic Impact
of Brain Health
Thanks to enormous progress in discovering and disseminating breakthrough interventions that improve brain health, people in all life stages and circumstances are becoming empowered with simple, science-backed steps to bolster their brain’s fitness and overall wellness.
Now we are taking a broader view, translating 30 years of brain health science into economic impacts. When communities sustain brain health, it follows that there will be a larger economic benefit. Measuring and extending that benefit to drive improved organizational outcomes as well as policy initiatives is the focus of Brainomics™.
In this video, Dr. Andrew S. Nevin describes the motivations of the Brainomics Venture – to drive economic and social growth through better brain health around the world.
Poor brain health costs the global economy trillions of dollars in lost productivity every year (Greene, Financial Times 2021). It is time to change the conversation with evidence that better brain health may reverse this trend and provide measurable economic benefits.
Brainomics is a new, multi-disciplinary field that joins cognitive neuroscience, health, economics and policy science, among others. It examines the exponential economic impact when interventions to improve brain health and performance are scaled up.
Measurable gains can be made when brain health is the driving force behind organizational decision-making and economic policy. Every sector of society stands to benefit.
The Brainomics Venture creates a gamechanger for the economy, for public policy and for real people's lives, with the potential to yield real-world positive impacts.
In this video, Professor Ryan Rynbrandt explores the upward potential of understanding and applying Brainomics in public policy decision-making.


The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide into new cells, and die in an orderly way. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries.
Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. There are many kinds of cancer, but they all start because of out-of-control growth of abnormal cells.
Cancer cell growth is different from normal cell growth. Instead of dying, cancer cells continue to grow and form new, abnormal cells. Cancer cells can also invade (grow into) other tissues, something that normal cells cannot do. Growing out of control and invading other tissues are what makes a cell a cancer cell.
In most cases the cancer cells form a tumor. Some cancers, like leukemia, rarely form tumors. Instead, these cancer cells involve the blood and blood-forming organs and circulate through other tissues where they grow.
Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body, where they begin to grow and form new tumors that replace normal tissue. This process is called metastasis. It happens when the cancer cells get into the bloodstream or lymph vessels of our body.
Not all tumors are cancerous. Tumors that aren’t cancer are called benign. Benign tumors can cause problems – they can grow very large and press on healthy organs and tissues. But they cannot grow into (invade) other tissues. Because they can’t invade, they also can’t spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors are almost never life threatening.
American Cancer Society (2013) Breast Cancer. Atlanta: American Cancer Society.


NAT (Network Address Translation) is a process of changing the source and destination IP addresses and ports. Address translation reduces the need for IPv4 public addresses and hides private network address ranges. This process is usually done by routers or firewalls.
An example will help you understand the concept:
Host A request a web page from an Internet server. Because Host A uses private IP addressing, the source address of the request has to be changed by the router because private IP addresses are not routable on the Internet. Router R1 receives the request, changes the source IP address to its public IP address and sends the packet to server S1. Server S1 receives the packet and replies to router R1. Router R1 receives the packet, changes the destination IP addresses to the private IP address of Host A and sends the packet to Host A.
There are three types of address translation:
- Static NAT – translates one private IP address to a public one. The public IP address is always the same.
- Dynamic NAT – private IP addresses are mapped to the pool of public IP addresses.
- Port Address Translation (PAT) – one public IP address is used for all internal devices, but a different port is assigned to each private IP address. Also known as NAT Overload.
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(Bay Area Council Economic Institute) Climate change remains a serious threat to human health, and healthcare organizations in California, across the U.S., and globally can be catalysts in creating a climate-smart future.
California’s widely varying weather, coastal location, and large population mean the state is feeling the effects of climate change sooner and more severely than other regions. Severe heat waves, prolonged drought, uncontrollable wildfires, increased flooding, poor air quality, invasive species, and increased disease have already begun to impact every aspect of life in the state. The California wildfires of 2017 were the deadliest and costliest in the state’s history, claiming forty-two lives, destroying or damaging 32,000 homes, and costing nearly $12 billion.
California has set extremely ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The state has goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, and to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050, but despite recent progress, current simulations show the state’s emissions increasing around the year 2030, and continuing up from there. In order to reduce the health impacts of climate change, every business sector must take responsibility, but the massive size and mission-driven nature of the healthcare sector provide even greater impetus for action.


The concept of ‘alternative medication’ is a misnomer at greatest and complicated at worst. An example of this has been described in an Accident and Emergency setting the place patients may current with one problem and then, having had aid from pain, prognosis, and care, may explain what led to their issues and attendance. Quantum University gives levels in both natural medicine and integrative drugs.
The holistic strategy emphasizes the uniqueness of each affected person, the mutuality of the physician-patient relationship, each individual’s accountability for his or her personal health care and society’s accountability for the promotion of health.
Alternative medicine could appeal to metaphysical beliefs and so does the holistic medicine however on milder and extra scientifically based mostly method. Conventional Chinese language therapeutic massage focuses on the acupressure factors and treats patients’ problems together with musculoskeletal situations, illnesses, and even complications.
Treating and preventing disease is completed by listening to the affected person and evaluating and understanding the signs in an effort to uncover the basis causes of illness. Holistic drugs stresses out the unification of the mind and the physical body.
Massage therapy is a holistic medicine that most likely has the best historical roots in ancient healing. The holistic medicine aims to deal with a patient that considers all the aspects that make up a person. Hippocrates stated, Let thy food be thy medicine and thy drugs be thy food." Naturopathic doctors and their sufferers take this recommendation to coronary heart and tackle many physical complaints through dietary adjustments.


We all have different reasons as to why we need English. They vary from marriage, to work, to the desire to meet new people, to going to university. But there are also other less obvious reasons. To get a better job, to appease one’s parents, to take tests, and to fit in with the crowd, among others. This is where there are differences in approaches to learning, and the results of that learning.
If we look at the title of this post, the answer becomes clear. There are many people who learn English and there are just as many who study English. You may say “but they both mean the same thing”, but you would be wrong. When you learn something, the purpose is to know more and to use the learning to improve oneself in whatever you are learning. When you study something you are going through an objective, whether that be a book or a course. This means that you complete (more often than not) the material or syllabus of the course or book. But has the course or book merely been ‘checked in the right place’ to say that it has been completed, or has it produced an improvement in the student who has studied it?
As a teacher, I have come across both types of students. Those who learn, and those who study. I have to say that in most cases the ones who have ‘learnt’ have shown significant improvement over those who have ‘studied’ This is another reason why I am not a keen lover of measuring English by test results. You can study how to take a test, but you cannot learn how to take a test because by its very nature, a test is just a set of simple instructions asking you to do something. There is nothing to ‘learn’ but you have to ‘study’ the instructions so you know what you have to do. If you have learnt the material you need to be successful at a test then you are a learner. if you have studied the likely answers to the test, then you are a studier.
There are learners and there are studiers. It is better to be the former, not the latter.


The first pandemic of the millennium was declared in June 2009. At that time, the pH1N1 virus was already in circulation in Canada and early reports from around the world indicated a potentially severe pandemic. The initial projections did not materialize but it was not clear whether this was due to the nature of the virus, or the success of public health initiatives. The objective of this analysis was to examine the effectiveness of the interventions used in Canada from both a health and economic point of view.
Methods and Findings:
A mathematical model was fitted to the observed Canadian hospitalizations and deaths including the reported antiviral and vaccine interventions. In addition to the number of infections, hospitalizations, deaths and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, the model also determined the indirect economic impact on GDP driven by absenteeism. The model yielded an attack rate of 15%. By turning off the interventions, the potential impact of the unmitigated pH1N1 pandemic was evaluated and found to have an attack rate of 28%. The interventions reduced hospitalizations by 55%, deaths by 74%, QALYs lost (3% discounted) by 69% and the GDP impact by 49%. In 2009 dollars, the net cost of the combined antiviral and vaccine intervention was $11,145 per QALY gained indicating that the interventions were very cost-effective. This includes costs saved from the reduced hospitalizations and doctor visits.
Conclusions: Without the reported use of antivirals and vaccine during 2009 in Canada, the analysis indicated that the pandemic impact of pH1N1 could have had an attack rate of 28%, twice the hospitalizations and GDP impacts, almost three times the hospitalization costs and QALYs lost; and almost four times the number of deaths. Such pandemic intervention policies were also very cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $11,145 per QALY gained.”


부모의 이혼 여부와 어머니 양육 행동 유형에 따른 저소득층 아동의 자아지각
Children s Perceived Competence Related to Parent s Divorce Status and Maternal Parenting Styles in Low-Income Families
- 한준아(Jun Ah Han)
- 생애학회지 제1권 제1호
- 등재여부 : KCI등재
- 1 - 18 (18 pages)
The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in children s perceived competence by parental divorce status and maternal child-rearing styles in low-income families. Subjects of this study were 290 fourth to sixth graders from either divorced or intact families. Children responded to a self-perceived competence scale, and a questionnaire on children s perceived maternal parenting style. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and two-way ANOVA s. The result are as follows: Neither maternal parenting styles nor children s perceived competence differs by the two household types. However, children s perceived competence differs significantly by maternal parenting styles. Specifically, children who regard their maternal parenting as authoritative have better perception of themselves in the areas of scholastic competence, social acceptance, appearance, behaviors, and global self-worth. In contrary, children of authoritarian and uninvolved mothers perceive themselves as less competent.
IV. 논의 및 결론


For goats to remain healthy, it is important to provide them with quality food that they enjoy. It also is important to understand how goats digest food. As ruminants, goats have a four-compartment stomach designed for digesting browse or hay. Unlike many other grazing species, goats can readily digest cellulose, the fibrous part of plant material. They also prefer browse – such as brush, twigs and weeds – to tender grass.
Useful information and great tips for hay management, hay saving from feeding your livestock of goats and sheeps using round bale hay feeders.
https://www.thehaymanager.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/goat-4884605_640.jpg 401 640 thehaymanager http://www.thehaymanager.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logotransparent.png thehaymanager2021-01-08 16:37:152021-03-08 15:27:46Feeding Goats Tricker than Many Expect
https://www.thehaymanager.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/goatswinter.jpg 250 960 thehaymanager http://www.thehaymanager.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/logotransparent.png thehaymanager2020-01-14 20:56:522021-03-08 15:28:03How to Keep Goats Warm and Happy All Winter Long
How do you make sure that your goats are not exposed to the dangerous elements? While some of it involves common sense, others considerations are not as straightforward. What follows are eight things to keep in mind when caring for goats in the winter.