Delta Airlines Flight 217 leaves Leopold Senghor International Airport in Dakar each Wednesday at 11:15 AM, bound for New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport. During the 8-hour, 25-minute flight, the plane’s passengers can enjoy a variety of movies, have a meal and take advantage of the plane’s WiFi connection in relative comfort. And any one of them could be carrying the Ebola virus to New York, extending the epidemic’s reach to North America.
The current Ebola outbreak in West Africa has prompted a wider discussion about the ability of the United States and other industrialized democracies to respond to an infectious disease outbreak. Public health systems require strength in order to respond to epidemics, and they need resilience so that they can be ready for a wide variety of health threats. The likelihood of Ebola overwhelming the American health system is low, but that does not mean that we can be sanguine about the health care system’s ability to tackle any threats that come its way.
Ebola in the United States?
It is entirely possible that one or more cases of Ebola will appear in the U.S. The Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems (MoBS Lab) at Northeastern University puts the likelihood of that happening during this current outbreak at around 18 percent. This same model gives Ghana a roughly 60 percent chance of seeing Ebola cases and the United Kingdom a 25-30 percent chance. The MoBS Lab’s simulations suggest that if any cases do appear in the U.S., the number will be quite small—likely in the single digits, and no more than 30 at the extreme.


Share-alike (🄎) is a copyright licensing term, originally used by the Creative Commons project, to describe works or licenses that require copies or adaptations of the work to be released under the same or similar license as the original. Copyleft licenses are free content or free software licenses with a share-alike condition.
Two currently-supported Creative Commons licenses have the ShareAlike condition: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (a copyleft, free content license) and Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (a proprietary license).
The term has also been used outside copyright law to refer to a similar plan for patent licensing.
Main article: Copyleft
Copyleft or libre share-alike licenses are the largest subcategory of share-alike licenses. They include both free content licenses like Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike and free software licenses like the GNU General Public License. These licenses have been described pejoratively as viral licenses, because the inclusion of copyleft material in a larger work typically requires the entire work to be made copyleft. The term reciprocal license has also been used to describe copyleft, but has also been used for non-libre licenses (see, for example, the Microsoft Limited Reciprocal License).
Free content and software licenses without the share-alike requirement are described as permissive licenses.
As with all six licenses in the current Creative Commons suite, CC Attribution-ShareAlike and CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike require attribution. According to Creative Commons, the advantage of this license is that future users are not able to add new restrictions to a derivative of your work; their derivatives must be licensed the same way.
The 3.0 and 4.0 version of the ShareAlike licenses include a compatibility clause, allowing Creative Commons to declare other licenses as compatible and therefore derivatives may use these instead of the license of the original work.
Over the years, Creative Commons has issued 5 versions of the BY-SA and BY-NC-SA licenses (1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 4.0).
((cite web)): CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)


Recent Federal & State Flood Mitigation Grants Awarded Prior to Hurricane Season
Oregon could experience a magnitude-8.7 or larger earthquake within 50 years that causes catastrophic deaths and damage. Portland International Airport (PDX) can play a crucial role speeding the response and recovery and prevent much of the harm. The Port of Portland engaged the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) to estimate the benefit of protecting PDX’s south runway from earthquake damage. NIBS estimates savings of $7.4 billion, which is 50 times the cost. A resilient runway will:
$460 million in health and medical benefits. The area has almost 3 million people, but fewer than 400 vacant ICU and emergency department beds. Medical evacuation through PDX can save up to 1,600 lives.
$5.7 billion from fast re-occupancy of buildings. Up to 600,000 buildings will need safety evaluation. We need a resilient runway so thousands of experts can help people return quickly to safe buildings.
$1.2 billion in reduced business interruption losses. Much of $200 billion in gross regional product relies to some extent on PDX. A resilient runway will allow PDX to resume operations up to one year sooner.
$4 million in reduced repair costs to fix the remaining (un-strengthened) portion of the runway. PDX can rely on the strengthened part during recovery.
Natural hazard mitigation saves. Earthquakes, fires, and storms threaten our infrastructure. Much of it was designed with a false economy, minimizing initial investment but costing society more in the long run. Studies like this show that we can cost-effectively improve our infrastructure and prevent future catastrophes.


What does culture mean to Europeans?
The new report of INVENT aims to answer this question by gathering data and analysis to trace the multiplicity of understandings of culture within and across Europe.
The report consists of 3 main parts.
It begins with a brief discussion on the different conceptions of culture, the current “cultural abundance” and on how the manifold societal megatrends in Europe and the western world since the latter part of the 20th century have affected both the cultural environment in which we live, and the conceptual “baggage” associated with the term culture.
Then, two empirical parts follows based on wide-ranging and nationally representative survey datasets collected by INVENT in 2021 in its nine countries: Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK.
The results show that the classical distinction between the notions of narrow (“culture as arts”) and broad (“culture as ways of life”) culture continues to persist in a relevant way, but, at the same time, they show that the distinction does not fully capturehow people in Europe today understand the concept.
The report can be downloaded at https://inventculture.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/INVENT-REPORT-WhatdoesculturemeantoEuropeans.pdf
More information about INVENT, sister project of UNCHARTED, selected and funded under the same call TR-08-2019 “The social value of culture and the impact of cultural policies in Europe” of Horizon 2020, are available at https://inventculture.eu/.


Launched in 2013, the Gaia satellite has been scanning the sky to measure the positions, distances and motions of more than one billion stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. The goal of the mission is to create the most detailed galactic map ever made, in order to investigate the Milky Way’s past and future history like never before.
The animation below shows the satellite as it scans great circles around the sky. Eventually, the sky is unfolded to reveal the view of the Milky Way and neighboring galaxies, based on measurements of nearly 1.7 billion stars from the second Gaia data release. The map shows the total brightness and color of stars observed by Gaia in each portion of the sky between July 2014 and May 2016. Brighter regions indicate denser concentrations of especially bright stars, while darker regions correspond to patches of the sky where fewer bright stars are observed. In the middle of the image, the Galactic center appears vivid and teeming with stars.
Animation of data from ESA’s Gaia second release, which was made public on April 25, 2018.
Sprinkled across the image are also many globular and open clusters – groupings of stars held together by their mutual gravity, as well as entire galaxies beyond our own. The two bright objects in the lower right of the image are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, two dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way.
The animation ends with a pan over the Galactic plane, the bright horizontal structure that hosts most of the stars in our home Galaxy. Darker regions across the Galactic plane correspond to foreground clouds of interstellar gas and dust, which absorb the light of stars located further away, behind the clouds. Many of these conceal stellar nurseries where new generations of stars are being born.
The two Gaia data releases, published in 2016 and 2018, have revolutionized the study of the Milky Way, enabling thousands of studies about the structure and motions of our galaxy. More releases are planned in coming years.
Data: ESA/Gaia/DPAC; Animation: ESA/ATG medialab, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Be the first to comment on "Gaia Satellite Scans the Sky to Measure Positions and Motions of 1.7 Billion Stars [Video]"


|Title||supporting and expanding community-based HIV/AIDS prevention and care responses: A Report on save the children (US) Malawi COPE Project|
In 1995, Save the Children/US's COPE Project (Community-Based Options for Protection and Empowerment) began in Malawi as a tiny experiment in providing direct services to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on communities. Building on its own experience and that of other Malawi programs, COPE quickly evolved into a program aimed at mobilizing and harnessing community strengths and resources to deal with HIV/AIDS prevention and care. Over the past six years, with funding from USAID's Displaced Children and Orphan's Fund, the COPE model in Malawi has been carefully developed and slowly expanded to cover 9% of the national population.
Like its neighbors in Eastern and Southern Africa, Malawi is severely affected by HIV/AIDS. The growing number of orphans is one of the pandemic's most visible and troubling impacts. These children's health, development, education and social integration are already seriously compromised, and as their numbers increase, the problems will become much worse.
Malawi's National AIDS Commission launched the National HIV/AIDS Strategic Framework for 2000 to 2004 in October of 1999. Community mobilization and capacity building are a key implementation strategy, with implementation activities decentralized to the District Assembly and its District AIDS Coordinating Committee (DACC). The COPE program, which builds on government's district and local AIDS Committee structure, is an integral part of the Malawi's response to HIV/AIDS at all levels.
|»||Malawi - Demographic and Health Survey 2000, Malawi|


If there is a population that likes fresh air, it is German. For them, this is so important that they even have a term for the act of airing: "Lüften". That routine involves opening the window at least a couple of times a day, even in winter.
It is a fact that Sars-CoV-2 is a virus that took humanity by surprise. At first, the need seemed to be to disinfect all the necessary surfaces and to keep the washing of hands constant. However, it is now known that the strong point of prevention should be the promotion of good ventilation.
Although many scientists have been demanding for years that ventilation systems be optimized to prevent harmful health effects, now humanity is beginning to take it seriously.
Without a doubt, poor ventilation results in a decrease in productivity levels. " We’ve all had that experience of headache or feeling tired in an office, "says Dr. Joseph Allen, "and we can blame it on a bad night’s sleep, a lack of coffee, or a boring meeting, all of which contribute. But the reality is that air quality also contributes greatly, "he concludes.
Poor air quality: a social problem
Poverty makes people vulnerable, both in health, socio-economic and environmental terms, as they are the first to be exposed to environments with poor infrastructure and high levels of polluted air.
For this reason, to reflect on possible actions that improve the internal ventilation systems, it is not only to develop tools or technological mechanisms to achieve it but also how we can ensure effective solutions that are available to all people.
In this sense, many professionals have provided simple solutions to this problem. Such is the case of opening windows regularly, an emergent alternative for rooms with little mechanical ventilation. However, doing so could also expose visitors to the ingress of contaminated air.
Other scientists, for their part, suggest more innovative solutions such as the incorporation of mechanical ventilation and HEPA air filters, which can disinfect contaminated particle spaces. Carbon dioxide measurement methods are also recommended, which can act as an indicator of ventilation rates.
However, making all of these changes requires organized work that takes a lot of time. Making indoor air a healthy environment is a goal that is just beginning. The COVID-19 was just the starting point that drove the great indoor air professionals to focus on the benefits it brings. Because the pandemic may end, but the changes it will bring will last forever.


Legend has it that this and other coastal districts, were at some point in time influenced by Buddhist and Jain culture. Recent excavations in the dMahanadi deltaic region have led to the discovery of Buddhist and Jain images and monasteries containing terracotta pottery.
Interestingly, Buddhist and Jain idols are worshiped by the locals as ‘Hindu idols’ in more than 25 temples.
One veteran priest opined that after the decline of Buddhism in the 12 century AD, the reigning hindu kings of the Kingdom of Kalinga installed some of the Buddhist and Jain idols in Hindu temples.
The archaeological department has found a few temples in the district where Buddhist and Jain idols have been worshipped as Hindu idols.
The department of culture, however, has no data regarding the number of Buddhist and Jain temples said Mr Pitambar Swain, district culture officer. Consequently, the department has not taken any steps to preserve, repair and maintain them.
Professor Bholnath Rout said that Khabmakul under Balikuda block have Buddhist stupas and viharas in this region, but no steps have been taken for to exacvate them. He added that many temples are now in state of ruin due to lack of maintenance and repair.
The sanctum sanctorium is falling apart while the wooden pillars are being eaten away by termites.
Locals have also alleged that smugglers have stolen some of the rare images of Buddha. This has been possible due to a lack of security. Also, a cash crunch does not allow daily rituals to be performed regularly.
It maybe mentioned that the archaeological department has renovated temples in Sahada, Parbatipur and Kostimalikapur while no steps have taken by the department of culture.


many Skippers including: Hesperia uncas| H. assiniboia| H. leonardus|H. pahaska| Polites rhesus|
Birds, Butterfly Larvae
Densely-tufted grass with bluish-green leaves. It has comb-like seed heads which hang to one side. (Dodd)
This grass grows from a rhizome to either form tufted plants or mats of sod when mixed with other grasses and flowers.
This is a sod forming grass in northern North America.
It is a principal species of ""aspen parklands in Canada"" and ""grows in the understorey of riparian cottonwoods in the Central Plains""(Anderson 2003). E-Flora BC
It grows well on drained, low organic content, gravelly soils, sandy loam or clay soil.(Lady Bird Johnson)
This species is deer resistant. (Evergreen)
Network of Nature assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in the contents of the database. While most entries are accurate, errors may occur. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information and we are not responsible for any errors in the information or for any adverse effects relating to the use of the plants or the information. If you notice a problem with the information, please let us know by sending an email so we can correct it.
Plant Some News in Your Inbox
Join our email list to receive occasional updates about Network of Nature and ensure you get the news that matters most, right in your inbox.
The Network of Nature is a national initiative to strengthen Canadian biodiversity by providing the inspiration, tools and knowledge to enhance existing greenspaces and naturalize developed areas with locally appropriate native plant species.


It’s World Water Week!
So for today’s Humanosphere podcast, we are talking with a scientist, Peter Gleick, who is world renowned for his work on perhaps our planet’s top natural resource – water – and why it is so critical to making progress against poverty, for economic justice, human development and, of course, environmental sustainability.
Gleick, who is also one of those MacArthur genius grant recipients, is director and co-founder of the Pacific Institute in Oakland, Calif. Nearly a billion people today suffer from drinking contaminated water. Many diseases we try to prevent or treat with vaccines or drugs begin with dirty water. More than 2 billion people live in communities without proper sanitation. As anyone who even glances at the humanitarian sector can tell you, getting clean drinking water to people is perhaps one of the most popular equity and anti-poverty goals we have these days.
Gleick is concerned that the way we manage this most basic resource – water – is both unfair to the poor and potentially disastrous for all of humanity. The popularity of bottled water, he notes in the podcast, is perhaps one of the most egregious examples of how messed up we are in how we manage, commodify and view water.
And as always, before we dive into water with Gleick, Tom Paulson and I talk about some of the big stories out there in the Humanosphere. This includes the ongoing massive refugee crisis worldwide, the somewhat surprising – and brief – emergence of Haiti’s cholera epidemic as an issue for the U.S. presidential campaign and the relatively poor showing by the U.S. when it comes to breastfeeding and providing for the future health of our children.
Want to hear more podcasts? Subscribe and rate us on iTunes.


According to German scientists, rose-leaf extracts can retain pigments of canned strawberry even after it reprocessing.
Results of a research, published in a regular issue of Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, show, that minor amounts of extracts, taken from rose-leafs, increase significantly the lifetime of anthocyanin compounds (substances, responsible for the color of fruit) in strawberry. “Results of the research conducted have confirmed an assumption, concerning the ability of colorless polyphenols of rose-leafs to ensure a notable reduction of thermal degradation of strawberry anthocyanins and to help preserve the color in the end product”, - the research leader from Stuttgart Hokkenheim University Vasil Shikov writes.
“In contrast to rosemary and thyme extracts, used as agents, stabilizing anthocyanin, polyphenols are characterized by a higher degree of efficiency even disregard of its minor concentration”, - Shikov adds.
Nowadays most manufacturers of canned fruit continue to use food dyes of synthetic origin, such as tatrasin, carmoisin and sodium benzoate in order to retain the desired color of the product.
The scientists believe, that their recent discovery will provide an opportunity for the manufacturers to provide products with more natural features, while refusing to add harmful substance of synthetic origin.


This construction is the result of an interesting history which has been reconstructed by linguists. According to current thinking, it goes like this. Many verbs that take the accusative-infinitive phrase which we see in indirect discourse can take a simple accusative object as well. volo te = I want you. cogo te = I compel you. iubeo te = I order you. At an early point in the history of Latin, the abstract verbal noun had case endings, just like other nouns. In Latin it was the dative or locative ending which became associated with the infinitive. This means the the infinitive expressed an adverbial idea, something like "with reference to" or "in the area of." Thus one could say "In reference to going (ire) I have a desire (volo)" = volo ire = "I want to go." Or one could say "In reference to going (ire) I compel you (cogo te)" = cogo te ire = "I compel you to go." It was in expressions like this last one that linguists believe the accusative-infinitive phrase became (falsely, at it appears) identified as a separable unit: te ire could be the object of cogo, of volo, of iubeo, and eventually of dico.


Internship opportunities available for high school students are increasing and they provide students with valuable information even before they enter college. Internships are work-based activities in which students engage in learning through practical and relevant experiences at various internship sites. Internships are undertaken by students who are at or near the end of a preparatory academic program. These structured, standards-based experiences involve the practical application of previously studied theory and content through coursework. Internships are targeted to the students’ meaningful future plans and provide real-world experience for high school students.
- Indiana Internship Manual (Office of Career and Technical Education)
- www.Exploradoor.com a mobile-optimized, FREE, publicly available website that you can use and share with youth and their families to find and connect with a wide-range of career, job and skill-development opportunities.
CONTACT TOPIC MANAGER
This is a ‘do it ourselves’ web site. So if you would like to help, or have information or resources to share, please contact us today.
- Kelly on November 4, 2020 @ 16:51:29
- Kelly on April 15, 2020 @ 15:57:15
- Kelly on May 29, 2018 @ 21:22:11
- Kelly on August 29, 2017 @ 16:47:12
- Heather on August 7, 2016 @ 21:00:21
This post was created by IJKL ContentManager on August 7, 2016.


When the whole world has stopped solely for health reasons, it's high time we take a moment to think about our own immunity. In the ages of contagious infections and spread, what can really help is awareness and precautions at all costs. Especially when the infection crosses the first border of protection, it's time to let your immunity work fight it off for you. Keeping all of this in mind put against the COVID-19 situation, we are here to highlight the role of micronutrients to amplify your immunity.
What Are Micronutrients?
In a balanced diet, there are five components of food, namely, carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Here, vitamins and minerals are both referred to as micronutrients which not only are essential for our health but also replenish various deficiencies that can otherwise cause our health huge damages.
What Micronutrients Should We Essentially Include In Our Diet?
There's an incredible range of vitamins and minerals that are needed to keep you fit and fine but today, we'll talk about three more minerals that can boost your immunity manifold.
Copper: Originating from metals, this has a huge role to play in the metabolic energy of our system. Ideally infused in our drinking water as it is used to store the same, its ions help in revitalizing the immune system by fighting off microbes. It can also be found in whole grains and should be regularly consumed.
Vitamin A and C: Your diet should contain all the essential vitamins, especially Vitamin A and C. Both the vitamins help in maintaining and repairing the inner lining of internal organs and keeps infectious pathogens at bay. It is essentially found in fresh vegetables and fruits like carrot, tomato, papaya, and citrus fruits respectively.
Zinc: Another micronutrient that can help boost your immunity is Zinc. It is essentially known to help produce immune cells like WBCs (White Blood Cells) and others. It can be found in green vegetables and should be regularly replenished in your body as it cannot be stored.
We hope you'll take care of your diet and include all these essential micronutrients to keep yourself safe and sound with an empowered immunity.


On this page is list of resources that parents and guardians may find helpful:
Articles for Parents/Guardians:
Calgary Public Library:
- Creative Writing Club is a new drop in program for students ages 8 to 14. Participants can play literacy games, work on creative writing, and get help on school writing assignments. In partnership with the University of Calgary, Department of English. The program runs Tuesdays from 6:30 to 7:30. See calgarylibrary.ca for more information
- ABCYa!: Practice idioms, synonyms, spelling, contractions and more with fun word games (Grade 5, and Grade 6+)
- Word Gametime:To find inspiration for their writing and to help keep their minds sharp for analysis, children can play a large selection of free vocabulary games, including those that involve breaking codes and solving crossword puzzles. This game goes up to Grade 7.
- New York Times: The New York Times has a series of student crosswords (American content)
- Grammar Gorillas: Practice parts of speech Grades 2-8.
- TED lessons: See a list of ted talks related to writing and composition- including the origin of words, grammar and instructional videos.
- LitPick: LitPick is a safe, fun environment for YA lovers to read >span > favorite books while learning how to discuss literature.
- Rewordify: Rewordify simplifies difficult English for faster comprehension


- Melinda Murphy
Carbon emissions dropped 17 percent
By Denise Chow
The coronavirus pandemic has forced countries around the world to enact strict lockdowns, seal borders and scale back economic activities. Now, an analysis published Tuesday finds that these measures contributed to an estimated 17 percent decline in daily global carbon dioxide emissions compared to daily global averages from 2019.
It's a worldwide drop that scientists say could be the largest in recorded history. At the height of coronavirus confinements in early April, daily carbon dioxide emissions around the world decreased by roughly 18.7 million tons compared to average daily emissions last year, falling to levels that were last observed in 2006, according to the new study, published in the journal Nature Climate Change.
Drastic changes in transportation, industrial activities and air travel in nations under lockdowns could also fuel a decrease in this year’s annual carbon emissions of up to 7 percent, the study found. Though significant, scientists say these declines are unlikely to have a long-term impact once countries return to normal unless governments prioritize investments and infrastructure to reduce harmful emissions.
“Globally, we haven’t seen a drop this big ever, and at the yearly level, you would have to go back to World War II to see such a big drop in emissions,” said Corinne Le Quéré, a professor of climate change science at the University of East Anglia in the U.K., and the study’s lead author. “But this is not the way to tackle climate change — it’s not going to happen by forcing behavior changes on people. We need to tackle it by helping people move to more sustainable ways of living.”


Ticks' DNA Data May Someday Help Us Control Them
When ancient military strategist Sun Tzu counseled his readers to “know thy enemy,” he was almost certainly not talking about ticks. But for many Americans, especially those with Lyme disease, ticks are the enemy. And now we know a whole lot more about them, because scientists have sequenced the tick’s genome. The results were published today in the journal Nature Communications.
Like bedbugs, whose DNA also got a closer look recently, deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) continue to spread across the United States. A recent survey found them in nearly half of U.S. counties—a huge increase from the last tick inventory. But it’s not just the ticks that are spreading. Where they go, disease follows: Lyme disease, yes, but also human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and the deadly Powassan virus.
In other words, understanding the little bloodsuckers has become pretty important to a lot of people. The tick genome project was a massive undertaking, involving 93 scientists from 46 institutions.
"Genomic resources for the tick were desperately needed," lead author Catherine Hill said in a press release. They were also difficult to come by. The tick’s DNA would not give up its secrets easily. The tick’s genome is smaller than those of humans, but just as complex, and peppered with redundant sections that made it harder to parse.
But even these tricks were no match for an army of determined scientists. And once the genome was decoded, it revealed all kinds of useful tidbits. The researchers found proteins in the tick’s salivary glands that help transmit disease-causing bacteria to its host.
They also found hormones that affect tick growth and sexual maturity. Researchers say that manipulating those hormones via a tick “birth-control pill” may be a viable form of tick control in the future.
"The genome provides a foundation for a whole new era in tick research," Hill said in the press release. "Now that we've cracked the tick's code, we can begin to design strategies to control ticks, to understand how they transmit disease, and to interfere with that process."


When a person near you on the road swerves or randomly slows down and speeds up, you may feel nervous. This kind of erratic driving is one sign that someone behind the wheel could be falling asleep.
Drowsy driving is a serious issue that impacts the safety of anyone around, including drivers who are trying to enter or exit the same roadway.
According to the United States Department of Transportation, drivers who mistakenly think that they are safe to drive after skipping sleep can make impulsive decisions. Whether they are taking medications that cause sleepiness or working long shifts, these people may find themselves repeatedly falling asleep in their seats.
This tiredness can lead to them leaving their feet on the gas pedal and accidentally accelerating beyond the speed limit.
Terrible reaction times
Being able to react quickly to a car pulling out or turning into their lane is an important skill for all drivers. When a driver is too tired to turn the wheel and use the brakes as quickly as they should, they could sideswipe or ram into another car.
Seconds of microsleep, which is when a person closes their eyes and falls asleep for a very short amount of time, while operating a vehicle is dangerous and can lead to a crash.
If you notice yawning and heads that move up and down from the drowsy drivers around you, you may also see them drifting from one lane to another without using any signals.
Being aware of how drowsy driving leaves people using cars, trucks or motorcycles at risk for a head or spinal cord injury after a crash is important.


What is an overdose?
An overdose occurs when a person consumes a toxic or life-threatening amount of a substance, such as drugs or alcohol, leading to harmful symptoms or even death. Opioids, including prescription painkillers and illicit drugs like heroin and fentanyl, are particularly associated with high risks of overdose due to their effects on the central nervous system. Symptoms of an opioid overdose may include slow or stopped breathing, unconsciousness, pinpoint pupils, and pale or clammy skin.
Dangerous combinations and risks
Certain combinations of substances significantly increase the risk of an overdose. Combining opioids with benzodiazepines, for example, can lead to severe respiratory depression, which is the slowing or stopping of breathing. This is because both opioids and benzodiazepines can depress the central nervous system and, when taken together, can have a synergistic effect, greatly increasing the risk of a fatal overdose.
In recent years, the number of drug overdose deaths has risen dramatically. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 91,000 people died from drug overdoses in the United States in 2020, with fentanyl contributing to a significant portion of these deaths.
Overdose prevention and reversal
Safety and overdose prevention are crucial in addressing the opioid epidemic. Naloxone, also known as Narcan, is a life-saving medication that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose by quickly restoring normal breathing to an individual who is experiencing respiratory depression. It works by binding to the same receptors in the brain that opioids attach to, effectively blocking the opioids' effects.


Submitted by Arbor Day Foundation
Whether they’re planted on local streets or in distant rainforests, trees play an essential role in the health and prosperity of our planet and all the living beings who share it. Trees sequester carbon, help address air and water pollution, cool our cities, and provide critical habitat to countless species all over the world. That’s why the Arbor Day Foundation is encouraging people to celebrate trees on National Arbor Day this Friday. The environmental holiday, recognized on April 28, is both a celebration of all a tree can be and a call to action to plant trees where they’re needed most.
Thanks to the Foundation’s #ArborDay campaign, it’s never been easier to do your part.
Throughout the week leading up to National Arbor Day the Arbor Day Foundation, together with its partner Vita Coco, will plant a tree in a U.S. forest of need every time “#ArborDay” is used on Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter, up to 100,000 in total.
In 2022, #ArborDay became the number one trending hashtag on Twitter, attracting a diverse blend of brands, users and high-profile accounts with millions of followers that helped engage their audiences in the tree planting goal. From environmental leaders like Dr. Jane Goodall to world renowned brands like Google, the #ArborDay campaign generated national buzz. The Foundation’s own social media channels generated over 47,000 engagements and more than 2.2 million impressions alone.
This year, the #ArborDay campaign is expected to make an even bigger impact, by encouraging more people to become stewards of trees…And it all starts with a hashtag. With the help of its members, supporters, partners like Vita Coco, and people like you, the Arbor Day Foundation can continue carrying out its mission to inspire people to plant, nurture, and celebrate trees.
Founded in 1972, the Arbor Day Foundation has grown to become the largest nonprofit membership organization dedicated to planting trees, with more than one million members, supporters, and valued partners. During the last 44 years, more than 250 million Arbor Day Foundation trees have been planted in neighborhoods, communities, cities and forests throughout the world.
More from Arbor Day Foundation


Introduced as a replacement for current wireless charging technologies, the Mi Air Charge promises nothing less than remote charging of electronic devices without cables or the use of a charging cradle.
According to Xiaomi CEO Lei Jun, the technology is backed by 17 different patents.
How does Xiaomi Mi Air Charge work?
Remote charging consists of positioning the transmission of energy to devices within range of the emitting device.
The device developed by Xiaomi contains five antennas responsible for accurately detecting the location of the powered smartphone
A control matrix composed of 144 transmitting antennas transmits energy using the mmWave high frequency band, precisely directed to the powered device using beam forming technology
On the smartphone side, a system of miniaturized antennas developed by Xiaomi transmits information about the position of the phone, with low power consumption.
The network of receiving antennas built into the compatible smartphone, consisting of 14 antennas, converts the mmWave signal emitted by the Mi Air Charge device into electricity, using a conversion circuit
The remote charging technology created by Xiaomi is capable of transmitting powers of up to 5 watts for a single device, within a radius of a few meters. Several devices can be charged at the same time (each device supports 5W), without the physical obstacles significantly affecting the charging efficiency.
The bad news is that none of the existing smartphone products on the market are compatible with the Mi Air Charge device. Given that we are talking about proprietary technologies patented by Xiaomi, it is likely that the list of compatible devices will be limited in the first phase to products signed by the Chinese manufacturer.
Xiaomi says the new technology will also work with smart watches, bracelets and other wearable devices with a compact design. They can also be powered wirelessly by other devices in the home that traditionally connect to the AC outlet, such as lamps, smart tags, and other gadgets such as smart speakers and remote controls.


Radiation-Induced Parotid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.
Salivary gland tumors are uncommon tumors that
represent about 1% of head and neck tumors,
only 5% of which occur among children. Among epithelial
tumors of the salivary glands, mucoepidermoid carcinoma
is the most frequently observed histological type of cancer
occurring in both adults and children.
It is also the most common type of parotid gland malignancies.
Parotid gland MEC may be characterized by symptoms such as the formation of
a painless mass, facial weakness, referred otalgia, trismus and parenthesis. MEC can occur
either as a primary or secondary malignancy.
Long-term evaluation and
a high index of suspicion for second cancers are mandatory
for all patients had radiotherapy
previously. The secondary salivary MEC usually develop years
or even decades after treatment of the first neoplasm has been completed.
Since the survival of patients with cancer is
improving, particularly amongst children, awareness of the spectrum of possible second tumors
like parotid gland MEC is of increasing importance.
The purpose of our article is to review the literature investigating
the cases of parotid MEC induced by
Search criteria were input as “radiation induced parotid
tumors”, “radiation induced salivary gland tumors,” “radiation
induced parotid MEC,” and “radiation induced salivary gland
Abstracts were first reviewed to search for articles that
discussed cases of MEC induced by radiation occurring in the
parotid gland and full-text articles were subsequently selected
and reviewed for extraction of data. References of the included
studies were examined for additional cases.
Outcome measures extracted included: demographic
data, radiation dose for primary desease, latent time, primary
treatment modality, secondary parotid MEC treatment, follow-up, recurrence, metastasis.
Otolaryngol Open J. 2016; 3(1): 9-15. doi: 10.17140/OTLOJ-3-134


What is Competition Development Council’s technology?
Competition Development Council’s technology is an artificial intelligence system that allows report and resolution applications to mimic human intelligence, learning from experience via iterative processing and algorithmic training.
You can think of Competition Development Council as being a form of intelligence that is used to solve problems, come up with solutions, answer questions, make predictions, or offer strategic suggestions for the United States sport safety effort.
How does Competition Development Council technology work?
Competition Development Council’s technology works by combining large sets of report and resolution data with intelligent, recursive processing algorithms to learn from patterns and nuances in the data that it analyzes. Each time Competition Development Council runs a round of data processing, it tests and measures its own performance and develops additional expertise.
Because it never needs a break, it can run through hundreds, thousands, or even millions of certifications, reports and resolutions extremely quickly, learning a great deal in very little time, and becoming extremely capable at uniting the voices behind the reports and rectifications for the betterment of sport safety.
The trick to understanding how Competition Development Council truly works is understanding the idea that Competition Development Council isn’t just a single computer program or application, but an entire discipline, or a science.
The goal of Competition Development Council science is to expand a computer system that is capable of modeling human behavior so that it can use human-like thinking processes, free of individual error or bias, to solve complex problems in sport abuse, including misdirected or restricted abuse reports in violation of state and national laws, disregarded lower-level reports that allow alleged abuse to escalate and false report identification.
To accomplish these objectives and more, Competition Development Council’s science utilizes a whole series of techniques and processes, as well as a vast array of different technologies, and joins science with the power of our country’s sport community.
Who can use Competition Development Council?
Sport and e-sport communities of any size can get certified – state or county sport commissions, national governing bodies, schools, venues and more. Certification activates their community’s platform and reporting systems and connects their data into Competition Development Council’s neural network.
All members of certified communities have access to the reporting platform, including participants, athletes, staff and more.


In the intervention area of assistance dogs, we perform the training and delivery of Service Dogs, Service Dogs for children with Autism and Support Dogs.
Support Dogs are an alternative choice to Assistance Dogs. Even though they are not allowed to get in public establishments, they possess a set of skills that will help to enhance the autonomy of the user in other places like home.
We also provide support services and counselling to families and individuals that want or need to work with their domestic dogs in order to achieve a therapeutic approach or training of specific skills that will upgrade the independence of a person.
What is an Assistance Dog?
An assistance dog is a well prepared animal that goes through professional training and has certain characteristics and abilities that allow an improvement in the autonomy, self-sufficiency and independence of people with sensorial, mental, organic or physical impairment.
Its distinctive nature is fuelled by the ability to provide emotional support and company to its partner, beyond the physical support that performs, in addition to its adaptability to different situations and levels of impairment.
Which types of Assistance Dogs exist? How to identify them?
Guide Dog, trained to aid a person with visual impairment;
Hearing Dog, trained to aid a person with hearing impairment;
Service Dog, trained to aid a person with motor disability;
Service Dog for Children with Autism, trained to aid children with autism and their relatives in road safety and behavioural support;
Medical Alert Dogs, trained to aid a person with diabetes.
The identification is done with a vest or harness that the dog wears. It may have different colours or the written information about the function that performs.
How to behave when in presence of an Assistance Dog?
The most important thing is to respect its job, avoiding any distraction: avoid touching it, calling it, exclaiming sound that may be appealing, throwing it objects or food.
You can contribute by creating awareness in your community, teaching those who don’t know about how to behave in this situation. Any doubt you may have you can always ask the user or the trainer.


How Rocket Learned to Read
(as of May 18,2022 19:49:34 UTC – Details)
From the Publisher
Give your little one a head start on reading and writing with these original Rocket books.
Rocket learns how to read all on his own! Learn the ABCs with Rocket. Rocket wants to make a book of his own. A fun word book for new readers. This two book boxed set is the perfect gift for an emerging reader–with a poster!
These early leveled readers are perfect for children just learning to read on their own.
What will make Rocket drop the red boot? On a crisp fall day Rocket and Bella visit a pumpkin patch. Rocket isn’t very good at hiding, until his friends help him out. The woods isn’t really scary, but Rocket doesn’t know if he wants to go in. Rocket has fun collecting 100 objects for his 100th day of school. Rocket and Bella turn a rainy day into a fun day.
Publisher : Schwartz & Wade; Illustrated edition (July 27, 2010)
Language : English
Hardcover : 40 pages
ISBN-10 : 0375858997
ISBN-13 : 978-0375858994
Reading age : 3 – 7 years
Lexile measure : AD540L
Grade level : Preschool – 2
Item Weight : 1.07 pounds
Dimensions : 9.87 x 0.39 x 10.75 inches


Process style in business management involves coming up with and utilizing the devices that create and deliver goods or services. It is a crucial part of businesses management http://www.sequoia-studio.com/importance-of-product-design-in-operations-management/ because it may help improve creation efficiency, reduce costs, and increase customer satisfaction.
Creating efficient processes requires a lot of time and effort, so it is important to package your work accordingly. This will help you ensure that all the steps are completed correctly and that you don’t produce any faults.
The process also needs to be easy to operate and observe after, so that new employees can easily learn it quickly. Additionally, it should be versatile so that it are adjustable to meet the needs of this customer.
Planning for a good organization process is essential for every organization. It ensures that the organisation will attain its goals and objectives and it will supply a strong perspective to its employees.
Business process design (BPD) is definitely an important aspect of operation management, since it helps groups develop powerful workflows and procedures that are scalable and is replicated quickly. It also helps to establish best strategies within the business and helps to ensure that everyone knows how to do the jobs correctly.
BPD entails creating a business process map, which reveals the various features that a business uses to execute it is strategy. This could possibly include creation, hiring, advertising, and more.
A process map may include columns for actions, decision factors, inputs and outputs, functions, stakeholders, devices of dimension, and time/deadlines. It can also be built with symbols to visually depict the workflow.


Aw yeh…looks like vitamin D proponents might be right: higher blood concentrations of the sun-vitamin dramatically cut the risk of several major diseases, including breast cancer. Booyah! A recent study shows that adults need 4,000-8,000 IU per day to maintain blood levels of vitamin D metabolites in the range needed to reduce by about half the risk of several diseases–breast cancer, colon cancer, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes.
Some in the scientific community had warned of toxicity related to increased levels of vitamin D in the blood, the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine (IOM) even noted there were preliminary signals that there might be some harms associated with consuming high levels of vitamin D daily, even at amounts under the recommended upper safe limit. But the IOM since last year has deemed 4,000 IU a day safe, a much lower level than the 10,000 IUs they consider to be at the lowest level of potential risk.
The study looked at several thousand people who took supplements ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 IU per day. The volunteers also underwent blood tests to determinevitamin D metabolite levels circulating in their blood. Researchers were surprised by what they found, that the levels required to ward of illnesses like cancer were so much higher than the 400 IU a day needed to vanquish rickets in the 20th century.
Well I, of course, love these results because I’m a BIG proponent of vitamin D supplementation. Studies have uncovered that many North Americans are deficient in this essential life-giving nutrient. Chalk it up to our fear of melanoma–thanks dermatologists. Either way, this study is good evidence that supplementing is safe and effective at warding off chronic illnesses. Give the body what it needs and it will do what it’s supposed to do. Guaranteed.


Asthma in children: epidemiologyBMJ 1994; 308 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6944.1584 (Published 18 June 1994) Cite this as: BMJ 1994;308:1584
- P D Phelan
Asthma is one of the commonest childhood illnesses, and its prevalence and severity may be increasing. Determining whether this is so has been difficult, however, because of the lack of a widely accepted epidemiological definition of asthma and an objective measure of asthma that is applicable to children and is reasonably sensitive and specific. Furthermore, many studies purporting to show an increase in prevalence have used different measures and studied far from comparable populations over the period of the suggested increase.
Several valid studies have now reported a substantial increase in the prevalence of asthma in some countries. In 1991 Robertson and colleagues in Melbourne showed a doubling over 26 years, to 46%, in the prevalence of children with wheeze on one or more occasions before the age of 7; 21- 23% had wheezed in the previous 12 months.1 These findings have been confirmed by Peat and colleagues, who studied children aged 8-10 in two country towns in New South Wales (p 1591).2 They found about a doubling over 10 years, to 23-27%, in the prevalence of children reporting wheeze in the previous 12 months. This is not solely an Australian phenomenon - Anderson et al report a more modest increase over 13 years, to 13%, in …
Log in using your username and password
Log in through your institution
Subscribe from £173 *
Subscribe and get access to all BMJ articles, and much more.
* For online subscription
Access this article for 1 day for:
£38 / $45 / €42 (excludes VAT)
You can download a PDF version for your personal record.


The superior method for long-lasting, high-quality, and efficient surface preparation.
What is hydroblasting?
Hydroblasting, also known as hydrodemolition surface preparation, involves the use of high-pressure (high velocity) water jets to prepare a surface for a coating procedure. Cleaning the surface of pre-existing coatings, surface imperfections, organic matter, oxidation, and other contaminants is often a necessity to ensure the ideal conditions for new concrete or coating to bind to the old material.
Hydroblasting concrete, steel, and other materials is an effective cleaning solution because of its ability to adapt to the requirements of a wider range of applications, projects, and structures. The water stream is usually set at the minimum pressure to begin with to remove the unwanted materials, while minimizing damage to underlying materials.
Advantages of hydroblasting concrete and other materials
- Cleans off surfaces without affecting the underlying surface.
- Creates a rough, clean surface ideal for bonding with new materials.
- Creates no vibrations
- Noise and dust pollution are dramatically reduced.
Explore Conjet’s industrial hydroblasting robots
Traditional techniques and surface preparation technologies often require both containment and/or clean-up. The associated costs can have a significant impact on a contractor’s profitability. And for contractors doing environmental remediation, such as removing asbestos or lead-based paint, the issue of containment becomes even more critical.
The Conjet ACR™ robot offers not only efficient water jet concrete removal, but also advanced industrial hydroblasting for precise surface preparation. We provide surface preparation technology with the same productivity, but without the expense, hazards, and accompanying clean-up problems.
Learn more about our solution and the advantages of water blasting concrete and other materials as compared to traditional methods.


Women and rural territories in Europe8 March, 2022 - 10:00 am - 11 April, 2022 - 10:45 am
What you will learn
At the end of this course, you will be able to:
- Comprendre la place des femmes dans les territoires ruraux européens
- Connaitre les actions entreprises par et en Europe pour les femmes rurales
- Connaitre les démarches à mettre en oeuvre pour accompagner et développer les projets en ruralité
What is the place of women in rural areas today? How are the actors organized regarding gender equality? How can women strengthen their power to act and their skills?
This Mooc, offered in 4 languages (French, English, Spanish, Greek), introduces the different forms of women's investments to build and innovate collectively. It contextualizes and shares in lifelong learning the practices at work in the creation of activities, in collectives, and in the deployment of know-how.
Based on elements from Humanities and Social Sciences, this MOOC provides you with knowledge, methods and tools: to promote the development of initiatives, to lead participative dynamics, and to create social innovations. It is illustrated by concrete examples realized collectively by the members of the European project NetRaw.
5 weeks, 5 modules, assessed through quizzes.
This MOOC does not require any scientific prerequisite, it is accessible to all curious people, and professionals interested in the theme of gender equality! The basics of history, geography, political science and education sciences are explained in the first chapters of the course. Thanks to videos, clear diagrams and a multidisciplinary pedagogical team, you have free access to theoretical and operational training.
- Students in initial and continuing training
- Women living in European territories, interested on entrepreneurship and gender equality
- Supporting professionnals in rural territories
Assessment and certification
A quizz will be available at the end of each week. A final certificate will be delivered.
Week 1 : Gender equality in Europe
Week 2 : Gender equality : skills and empowerment
Week 3 : Gender equality and social innovation
Week 4 : Gender equality and entrepreneurship
Week 5 : Gender equality : from networks to living labs
More information about Women and rural territories in Europe


Families came together for a day of scientific discovery delivered by the Science Museum and several departments from the Faculty of Engineering.
As part of this year’s Bring Your Child to Work Day, 80 children joined their parents and guardians for a morning packed full of exciting activities. The day started with the Science Museum’s ‘Out of this World Show’, where participants were shown what it takes to become an astronaut and explore the Solar System looking for alien life.
This was followed by a ‘Mission to Mars Workshop’, again delivered by the Science Museum, which explained the science behind launching rockets and satellites into space. Participants were then invited to make their own rockets using some of the knowledge they had acquired, whilst younger children were treated to a face painting and entertainment session. According to one parent, the Science Museum presentations were “very good indeed” and “at just the right level”.
The children were then divided into groups to take part in further sessions provided by a number of the Faculty of Engineering’s departments, including Computing, Earth Science & Engineering, Aeronautics, Bioengineering and Civil & Environmental Engineering. The activities ranged from fossil hunts, exploring volcanoes and a paper aeroplane masterclass to mini-robot building, an electric stethoscope workshop and programming.
The response to the event was very positive, with one parent reflecting: “Thank you so much for organising such a great event and giving me the opportunity to enjoy it with my son. This is the 2nd year that I have attended the event and we both really enjoyed it. The Science Museum presentation was excellent and kept the audience of all ages thoroughly entertained. As my son is 4, we stayed in the room with the entertainer and my son was thrilled with the balloon snake he was able to take home.”
Another parent said: “The children seemed to really enjoy the paper aeroplane activity. There was great interaction with the department staff who were friendly, supportive and maintained the children's attention.”
A gallery of images from the day is available below:
Article text (excluding photos or graphics) © Imperial College London.
Photos and graphics subject to third party copyright used with permission or © Imperial College London.
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Show all stories by this author


The American Geriatric Society recommends that all adults aged 65 and older schedule a fall prevention assessment. However, you may benefit from an earlier evaluation if you have a high risk of falling.
Common risk factors include any condition that affects your:
Specific medical conditions that increase your risk of falling include:
Taking certain medications can make you more likely to fall if they affect your balance or cause dizziness. Additionally, your own home could put you at risk of falling. For example, a frayed carpet, loose wires, clutter on stairs, no grab bars in the bathroom, and poor lighting are all falling hazards.
Good balance and strong muscles are essential for preventing falls. Maintaining optimal movement and protecting your overall health also lower your risk.
Physical therapy and rehabilitation specializes in the treatments and training you need for fall prevention. Your provider assesses your mobility, strength, and balance, identifying areas that need improvement to prevent falls. They also check your gait and walking speed.
During your assessment, your physical therapist may check your thinking, memory, heart rate, and blood pressure. They may also evaluate your footwear to be sure it doesn’t contribute to falls.
A few therapies used during fall prevention treatment include:
Physical therapists use many techniques to restore balance and improve your muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. They may also incorporate therapies to reduce chronic pain you may experience.
Your provider may implement dual-task training. This trains you to maintain a normal walking speed while performing another task. When needed, they also recommend and teach you how to use assistive devices that improve your safety while walking.
Vestibular therapy involves specially designed exercises that improve your balance and reduce dizziness. Your body has the ability to compensate for balance problems, but it needs an exercise program that trains it how to do it.
If you're worried about falling, schedule an evaluation at Back To You Osteopractic Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation or book online today.


Studies of the Genetic Background of a Teat Defect in Pigs Born in Germany and Sweden
E. Jonas1, H. Chalkias1, C. Neuhoff2, G. Lindgren1 and D.J. de Koning1
1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 2Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany
Selection of pigs uses many aspects, such as growth and meat quality. But it is also very important that many piglets are born alive. Litter size is included in the breeding goal of breeding organizations in many countries, including Sweden and Germany. But piglets need, to survive and grow, enough milk, especially colostrum in the first hours after birth. All pigs must have access to their own functioning teat to reduce the risk of not receiving colostrum.
A few years ago had researchers in Germany the goal to find genetic markers to select sows without inverted teat (mammillae invertitae). This defect was also studied in Sweden. The goal of the study in Sweden was to estimate the prevalence (occurrence) and heritability for inverted teat. Both studies analyzed the effects of individual genetic markers.
We apply a combined association analysis using SNP chip data from Swedish Yorkshire pigs and microsatellite data from the German maternal parental lines. A combined study should help to find the significant connection with the inverted teat or functional teats. Information from 130 families of German pigs (one pig with inverted and one sibling without defect and both parents) and 230 siblings of Swedish pigs (one with and one without defect) were collected. Samples were genotyped (microsatellites and SNPs) in previous investigations and analyzed. Combining this information enable us to perform analysis based on haplotypes for some of the chromosomes. Associations on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 11, 14 and 18 have been found.
This study is particularly interesting as we can show how to use ' old ' data sets and combine these with the ' new ' data sets to increase the power of finding relevant genomic markers in combined association studies. This or a similar method can be used if grants for the genotyping of more animals are not available.
© Photo Jenny Svennås-Gillner, SLU


This is the second video of the Waku Waku Japanese video series teaching simple Japanese words and phrases. This video teaches three onomatopoeia expressions for feelings turned into verbs by the addition of SURU which is the general verb used for doing things. This video teaches the meaning of waku waku which means to feel happy or excited, doki doki which is to be nervous yet excited, and ira ira which is an expression of anger. I’m not excatly sure how imprtant these three onomatopoeia verbs really are, and I’m also kind of confused why they would jump from teaching basic introductory phrases into teaching three (possibly seldomly used) onomatopoeia verbs, but whatever, we will continue onto the next video. If you would like to know more than these three words, I created a couple courses on memrise a while ago. The first one only has a little over 100 Japanese onomatopoeia words, and not all of them are necessarily useful, but it does include animal noises and such. The second one has over 1000 onomatopoeia words in Japanese, but I still don’t know exactly how practical most of this really is. Japanese children’s books usually contain a lot of onomatopoeia. The book, Penguin’s pillow especially had a lot of onomatopoeia words.
The Secrets of Japan - 101
Sign up today for our newsletter to learn about upcoming opportunities on how to live, work, visit or go to school in Japan you won't find anywhere else!


12 Sep 2018
By Kathi Ferguson
The Lee House, the grand old “W” house that sits back from Tilghman Island Road a half mile south of the Knapps Narrows Bridge, has a long history on the island and has become a focal point for telling stories that have made this narrow strip of land legendary. Restored and beautifully renovated in 2015, it is now the permanent home of the Tilghman Watermen’s Museum. The Museum’s collection, donated by locals, includes art, boat models, and other items connected with the watermen on the island.
This two-and-a-half story frame house represents one of 12 of its kind built on Tilghman Island between 1890 and 1900. Only five remain, and most are in their original configuration. Island locals say that the “W” shape design allowed for air flow to be equally and continually distributed throughout the house, no matter what direction a breeze may be coming from - an important feature in the days before air conditioning! One could also claim that the shape of these homes stood for “welcome”, given the allure of the design.
The homes are built in a style that is representative of vernacular architecture – a category of architecture based on local needs, construction materials and reflecting local traditions. Their basic form actually follows an “L” shape or ell (the wing of a building is at right angles to the main structure) with two gable-roofed sections of equal length placed perpendicular to each other. From their intersection projects a three-sided central entrance with a front porch extending from it. The structure is set so that the angle of the two sections and the entrance projection form the main facade, thus resembling the letter “W”.
Another of these unique dwellings was purchased by Phillips Wharf Environmental Center (PWEC) in 2013 and is now being used for intern housing and office space. The remaining three “W” structures are also currently occupied and are located within a few miles of one another on the Island.


A relatively conspicuous crustose lichen. Its thallus is grey-white, regularly finely areolate, up to 5 mm thick, and contains confluentic acid as the main secondary metabolite. Microscopically, the thick-walled ascospores and pale hypothecium are characteristic.
The lichen grows on various siliceous rocks, especially on mineral-rich, metamorphic or volcanic subbases. Its juvenile forms often parasite on members of the genus Aspicilia s. l. Lecidea tessellata is one of the less common species in the Czech Republic. It may be found in xerothermic habitats at low and middle elevations, most often on rather basic natural igneous rocks. In Europe, it has been reported from higher elevations as well (e.g. Nimis et al. 2018).
The variety caesia, growing on calcareous substrates in mountains, is usually distinguished. It differs from the nominate form mainly by the blue tint of the thallus. This taxon has not been found in the Czech Republic yet.
Literature: Nimis P. L., Hafellner J., Roux C., Clerc P., Mayrhofer H., Martellos S. & Bilovitz P. O. (2018): The lichens of the Alps – an annotated checklist. – Mycokeys 31: 1–634.taxonomic classification:
Ascomycota → Lecanoromycetes → Lecanorales → Lecideaceae → Lecidea
All records: 27, confirmed 27. One click on a selected square displays particular record(s), including their source(s).


Al Niño changes – level 2
Changes in weather patterns will have a big impact on the global economy.
The La Niña weather pattern, which caused cooler sea surface temperatures along the Pacific Ocean equator, disappeared last fall after lasting for several years. Now, the El Niño pattern is forming and it brings warmer water temperatures. The disappearance of La Niña caused heavier rainfall and snowfall in the dry western United States. The upcoming El Niño may bring some more rainfall to the corn belt in the United States, but it could also lead to hotter and drier conditions in parts of India and eastern Australia.
Moreover, El Niño could bring more cyclones to the Pacific Ocean and reduce the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean. But the hurricanes which form could be more intense. Experts need to closely monitor the changes in weather patterns.
Difficult words: weather pattern (what the weather is like for some time), disappearance (when something does not exist anymore), intense (strong or great).
You can watch the original video in the Level 3 section.
What are the possible economic implications of an El Niño weather pattern?
LEARN 3000 WORDS with NEWS IN LEVELS
News in Levels is designed to teach you 3000 words in English. Please follow the instructions
How to improve your English with News in Levels:
- Do the test at Test Languages.
- Go to your level. Go to Level 1 if you know 1-1000 words. Go to Level 2 if you know 1000-2000 words. Go to Level 3 if you know 2000-3000 words.
- Read two news articles every day.
- Read the news articles from the day before and check if you remember all new words.
- Listen to the news from today and read the text at the same time.
- Listen to the news from today without reading the text.
- Answer the question under today’s news and write the answer in the comments.
- Choose one person from the Skype section.
- Talk with this person. You can answer questions from Speak in Levels.
Stock images by Depositphotos


A frenum (also called frenulum) is a band of tissue that connects or holds down a part of the body such as the tongue, lip, or cheeks. The band of tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth is called the lingual frenum, while the band connecting the lip to the gum in front of the teeth is called the labial frenum.
Occasionally a frenum might be exceptionally short, thick, or tight, or may extend too far down along the tongue or the gum. There is some literature to suggest that a thick frenum attached to the gums near the tooth can contribute to tooth spacing or to gum recession.
This is particularly true in orthodontic cases where a frenum might interfere with orthodontic tooth movement. When a frenum is positioned in such a way as to interfere with the normal alignment of teeth or to constrict the movement of the tongue or lips, it can be excised with a very simple surgery called a frenectomy. At our office this procedure it typically performed with a dental laser. Often times there is minimal bleeding and no local anesthetic needed. Dr. Kaur would be happy to consult with you to assess your needs and determine the best course of treatment.
Our goal is to help every patient experience the benefits of good oral health and a beautiful smile. We value the trust you have placed in our office and strive to provide solutions that meet your periodontal needs and expectations of care.


What is SSH Server?
There are so many terms in network or computer field. Sometime, every term should be understood by us to master about computer and network. Knowing about terms about computer will make us easy to operate computer and network. Read the information below to know more about a term of computer and network field.
Have you ever heard about SSH server? In computer and network field, we may be so familiar with server. But, we may not be familiar with SSH. It is Secure Shell which is an application as substitution of login remote, almost same with Rsh and rlogin, and included into a network protocol. By using it, we can exchange data through safe channel between network devices. This network protocol often used on Linux operation system and the protocol created by Tatu Yiolen, a researcher of Helsinki University of Technology as substitution of unsecure shell remote to send information such as passwords in form of simple text. The main point is, it is used for exchanging information safely without worrying about unsecure network, such as internet.
What is the Function?
There is also function of it. The main function of it is for accessing machine using remote access that can be obtained as text and graphic mode. For example, SSH server of a client tries to access Linux server through SSH. SH daemon works well on Linux server and also SSH client.
Well, those are some information for you. Actually, there are still much information about terms of computer and network field. But we can conclude that SSH can be used as the provider for providing safe channel to exchange data. When using it, we don’t need to worry about privacy, because all privacy will be protected by it. Finally, hopefully the information above will be useful for you, especially for you who want to know more about computer network.


Pignut hickory is a common but not an abundant species in the oak-hickory forest association in the Eastern United States. Other common names for this tree are sweet pignut, coast pignut hickory, smoothbark hickory, swamp hickory, and broom hickory. Its pear-shaped nut ripens in September and October and constitutes an important part of the diet of many wild animals. The wood is used for a variety of products, including fuel for home heating.
Pignut hickory leaves are 8 to 12 inches in length with 7 to 9 thin, sharp-pointed, finely-toothed leaflets that are dark-green on top and hairy orange-brown on the underside.
|Pignut hickory – Carya glabra|
|4976 Wheatleys Pond Rd., Smyrna||258||134||105||77|
|Dover Air Force Base, Dover||242||113||113||65|
|Dover Air Force Base, Dover||213||77||125||46|


by : Sarfraz Uchil
Total Views : 2398
Hang gliding, sport of flying in lightweight unpowered aircraft which can be carried by the pilot. Takeoff is usually achieved by launching into the air from a cliff or hill. Hang gliders were developed by the pioneers of practical flight. In Germany, starting in 1891, Otto Lilienthal made several thousand flights before a fatal gliding accident in 1896. He published plans of his gliders and even supplied kits. In the United States collaboration between Augustus Herring and Octave Chanute resulted in successful flights of a biplane hang glider from dunes in Indiana at the southern end of Lake Michigan in 1896. In these early designs the pilot hung from the armpits on parallel bars beneath the wings, swinging hips and legs to control roll and shifting back and forth to influence pitch. Modern hang gliding emerged toward the end of the 1960s. In the early 1960s enthusiasts in California were gliding down coastal dunes on homebuilt delta-shaped wings they had adapted from kite designs developed by Francis Rogallo and his wife, Gertrude. The Rogallos’ kites had attracted attention because of NASA’s interest in using them for spacecraft retrieval. On the dunes cheap materials such as bamboo and plastic sheeting were used, and the parallel-bar control method remained. Around the same time, water-ski showmen in Australia were flying on flat kites towed behind speedboats. They were able to control these notoriously unstable flat kites by using swing seats that allowed their entire body weight to effect pitch and roll—a great improvement on the parallel-bar method. When a Rogallo wing was fitted with a swing seat by John Dickenson, in Sydney, Australia, the modern hang glider was born.


Background and Benefits
Provides general information on the history and benefits of community water fluoridation.
Background on Water Fluoridation
An overview and history of community water fluoridation.
The Benefits of Fluoride
The key benefits of community water fluoridation.
Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States
This summary guidance explains how to achieve protection from tooth decay throughout life, while reducing the chances of developing dental fluorosis.
The Halo Effect: Quantifying the diffused benefit from water fluoridation in the United States
Griffin SO, Gooch BF, Lockwood SA, Tomar SL. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2001;29:120–129.
Demonstrates the total contribution of water fluoridation, not just to fluoridated communities but to surrounding nonfluoridated communities as well. This article helps to:
- Explain the reason for the decrease in measurable effectiveness of fluoridation efforts over time.
- Explain that rates of dental disease between fluoridated and nonfluoridated communities underestimate the effectiveness of community water fluoridation because nonfluoridated communities are receiving benefits from neighboring fluoridated communities.
- Quantify the diffused benefit of community water fluoridation.
- Explain increases in dental decay if fluoridation is discontinued by taking into account the diffusion effect.
This information obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at: http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/benefits/index.htm


Physical education (PE) is an integral part of the curriculum at Erasmus Primary School. Each week every child participates in sport and dance suitable to their age and stage of development.
Students in Years 3–6 participate in House sport carnivals including swimming, athletics, basketball, netball, cricket and tennis. This enables the children to enjoy camaraderie and team spirit by engaging in a greater range of activities with a larger group of children.
In addition to internal events, interested students are given sufficient lead time to train and qualify for Kew District interschool sports which cater for students aged nine and over.
School Sport Victoria (SSV) on behalf of the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) coordinates District sport, and events are organised by volunteers from participating schools. All events except for cross-country require qualifying times. Place-getters are then invited to participate and represent their school at the Zone level, which provides the gateway for higher-level state and national competitions.
Health is a study area of the physical education curriculum. This study area is divided into four major strands: personal growth & development, drug education, nutrition, and safety. In personal growth and development the student is introduced to the fundamental aspects of his or her nature including becoming familiar with the concepts of spiritual, emotional and mental faculties. Drug education introduces the student to safe and unsafe drugs and medicines. It helps develop an awareness of a healthy body and how to look after it, and how to care for others in illness. It gives information about the people who can help us maintain a healthy body including doctors and nurses. This strand also provides strategies for resisting the peer pressures that older children may meet when they enter secondary school. Nutrition lessons help the child to develop a balanced and healthy diet, good eating habits, awareness of the foods eaten, and the needs of the body for energy and nutrition. Skills in preparing and cooking food and the need for appropriate hygiene are also taught. Safety explores activities at school, home and for recreation as well as learning what do in an emergency, how to avoid danger and exploring issues such as how to deal with strangers.
Physical training is designed to make movement disciplined, but natural. Children become agile, strong and healthy. Dance gives children grace and beauty; from a range of PE activities they learn quickness, courage and restraint.


The need for effective socio‐economic mechanisms of adaptation to global climate instability is now firmly acknowledged as one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. The great time‐depth of past human‐environment interaction available through Archaeology and Palaeoecology is now being increasingly sought by scientists and policy‐makers to provide a crucial perspective on the way we understand and model the effects of global climate change, and in creating ways to respond to it.
The dispersal and colonization of much of the globe by early human groups during the last 120,000 years, and the way humanity has responded and adapted to the often sustained climatic instability of this period, is likely to have been a major contributor in the emergence, diversity and success of behavioural traits among Homo sapiens populations.
In this module we shall examine the Palaeolithic archaeological record of human expansion into a range of global environments (including glacial, tropical, island, desert, newly deglaciated and inundated settings). We shall follow routes taken, some of the driving forces behind migration, and some of the ways that the process of colonizing new environments can be modelled.
The Module will be delivered through a series of lectures and seminar sessions. Within the seminars, students will be expected to contribute to discussions on a range of topics in an effort to develop and focus their critical thinking skills.
Assessment of this Module will be undertaken through the completion of a written essay, a class test, and a critique of a relevant academic article.
Module Co-ordinator: Dr Andrew Shuttleworth
(Image: Tràng An World Heritage site, Ninh Binh, Vietnam – R. Rabett)


Click on “Download PDF” for the PDF version or on the title for the HTML version.
If you are not an ASABE member or if your employer has not arranged for access to the full-text, Click here for options.
IMPLICATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES ON NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION AND TMDLS
Published by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan www.asabe.orgCitation: Pp. 473-476 in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations–II Proceedings of the 8-12 November 2003 Conference (Albuquerque, New Mexico USA), Publication Date 8 November 2003. .(doi:10.13031/2013.15600)
Authors: K. A. Rolf, J. S. Strock, D. J. Mulla, and P. H. Gowda
Keywords: TMDLs, Nonpoint source pollution, Organic agriculture, Cropping systems
Loss of nutrients and sediment through agricultural runoff contributes to surface water pollution. This study was conducted to determine whether differences exist in subsurface runoff water quantity and quality between two cropping systems. The study examined the effect of conventional versus organic farming practices on nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loss from glacial till soils in southwest Minnesota. The conventional systems consisted mainly of row crops corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.), while the organic system contained corn, soybean, oat (Avena sativa L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and other perennial species. Subsurface drainage flow and nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentrations were collected from both cropping systems. The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model that incorporates weather, crop, soil, and drainage system input parameters was used to predict nutrient transport from these field-scale cropping systems. Model simulations from the different management systems were used to predict nutrient loadings from subsurface drainage to surface waters. Information from this project has potential implications on the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process in the development of alternative management strategies for mitigating the effects of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Data on cropping system history and water quality data from 2002 will be presented.(Download PDF) (Export to EndNotes)


In this video, Eliot, the IELTS expert at Magoosh, explains how a study plan or study schedule can make a big difference to your IELTS score.
What is an IELTS study plan?
So what are study schedules and how can you use them to improve your studying so you can boost your score in the exam? A study schedule is something designed to help you organise your time. You may have one month, six months or just a week to prepare, and the question a schedule helps you answer is: “How can I organise my time most efficiently and in a way that’s going to benefit me the most in terms of increasing my score?”
Check out: Five-point IELTS Study Plan (Video)
A study schedule gives you materials to study and helps you pace yourself over time and in an appropriate way in order to make your studying the most efficient possible.
Another thing a study schedule does is prioritise subject matter. Some things are more important to study than others, depending on how much time you have. For example, if you have six months to study, that’s a long time to prepare. It may make sense for you to sign up for some classes, or it may make sense for you to focus on grammar. If you only have a week to study, this kind of studying is not going to benefit you as much. You simply can’t substantially improve your grammar in one week.
Check out: Studying in the Age of Digital Distraction
Watch the video to learn about the importance of the study schedule. You can find Magoosh’s one month IELTS study plan here. Hopefully, you will learn how to make the best of your time and achieve an impressive score.


Thursday, February 3, 2011
Scientists study processes using high-intensity ultrashort X-ray pulses
Scientists study processes using high-intensity ultrashort X-ray pulses: The new method was developed at the free-electron laser FLASH for so-called pump-probe processes. As an example: a first ultrashort pump pulse triggers a photochemical reaction. A second X-ray radiation pulse takes a “photograph” of how the reaction proceeds. For the first time, researchers are now able to determine exactly at what time the picture produced by the second pulse is created. For this new method, they make use of a side effect of the X-ray pulse generation. Indeed, the electron bunch accelerated in FLASH emits both an X-ray flash and an intense terahertz flash at the same time. The researchers separate the two flashes using a perforated, gold-coated mirror. As both pulses are created at the same time and from the same electron bunch, the terahertz flash can be used as a temporal “marker” of the X-ray flash. Using this method, the researchers were able to determine the time at which the X-ray pulse arrived at the sample with a precision of seven femtoseconds.
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)
Post a Comment


SATURN : deep contemplation
The movement of Saturn, brings the two arms together, laying the open right hand over the left on the curve of the forehead. Then the arms are moved slowly down to the solar plexus and up again to the forehead in long, slow, smooth, even movements like the visor of a helmet, deeply contemplative in mood.
Saturn is the farthest planet, beyond his threshold one passes into the cosmos. In his slow measured step, his long rhythms, he is the guardian of all events from the beginnings of the earth’s history. He holds time in his hands.
In that Saturn bears the memory of the germ of our beginnings, so too he awakens in us the capacity for taking hold of the form we have evolving through time and the stages of the earth. He awakens in us the movements for uprightness. We are not just upright by virtue of our skeleton, but through his activity in us, through which we raise ourselves up out of the horizontal plane of the animals into the vertical, standing between heaven and earth.
The eurythmic movement for Saturn is entirely upright and expresses the human being turned in on himself, encompassing all that has been, deeply pondering, deeply contemplative.


Pests are a very common nuisance – almost all geographic regions and almost all roofing materials are affected by pest attacks. Certain types of roofs are more attractive to pests to others – here are the materials that are more likely to give home to insects and rodents:
– Vegetation-covered green roofs – these roof types consist of a special ecosystem, complete with plants and critters as well. While certain insects are necessary for the health of your green roof, it is very important to keep the size of insect populations at bay and to repel the species that can be dangerous for your households, such as termites and wasps;
– Wood roofs – if not treated and maintained properly, this type of roofing also attracts pests more than others. Natural wood is great food for termites, so if you have wood shingles on your roof, make sure you inspect the roofing regularly and you apply a coating to protect it against termites.
While most other roof types, including asphalt shingles, clay tiles and metal roofing San Antonio roofers say are not very attractive to pests, the attic areas underneath any sloping roof can be a great home for pests, so make sure you regularly inspect these areas for rodents, wasps and other critters.


BOSTON (USA) – So long slimming pills and strict diets. One simple change can help maintain weight and regulate the amount of food we consume: drinking water before meals. Dietologists have been saying it for years, but it’s only recently that studies by renowned international researchers have provided scientific proof.
TWO GLASSES BEFORE EACH MEAL – In a randomised study published in the review Obesity in February 2010 and presented during the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, scientists from Virginia Tech show that drinking two glasses of water before each meal helps lose weight. The researchers monitored a group of 48 overweight adults between the ages of 55 and 75 who had been on a low-calorie diet for around three months (1,200 calories a day for the women and 1,500 calories a day for the men). Half the participants were told to drink two 250 ml glasses of water before breakfast, lunch and dinner. At the end of the study, the group that drank the water before meals had lost on average 15 lbs each, whilst those who did not lost under 11 lbs. So, after three months, the obese people who drank half a litre of water before each meal lost 4lbs 6 oz. more than people who didn’t drink more water.
PREVIOUS STUDIES – In a previous study the weight-loss benefits of drinking water were analysed and it was found that overweight study participants who drank water before breakfast reduced their calorie intake by 13%. A third study, this time in 2007, had astonishing results: drinking water 30 minutes before a meal reduces calorie intake and the feeling of hunger in older adults, but has little effect on those under 35 years.


A paper in the Christmas edition of the Danish Medical Journal attempts to ask whether we can trust our Facebook friends with providing a differential diagnosis. One of the authors, Dr. Peter Hallas, modestly asked that we take a look at his paper, so we jumped at the chance and think he should give himself and his co-authors a lot of credit for studying phenomena that are already occurring.
The study (in Danish) involved asking subjects to post a clinical scenario on their wall and ask their friends for a potential diagnosis. The setup for the paper by Dr. Lars Folkestad and others seems a little artificial, but if you consider that a certain amount of diseases are infectious or genetic in origin then a question to your social and/or family circles is likely to find someone who has had a similar episode and already been diagnosed.
From the English abstract:
INTRODUCTION: In contrast to Internet search engines, social media on the Internet such as Facebook, Twitter, etc. reach a large number of people, who are ready to help answering questions. This type of information aggregation has been dubbed “crowdsourcing” i.e. outsourcing a task to a large group of people or community (a crowd) through an open call. Our aim was to explore whether laypersons via Facebook friends could crowd source their way to a medical diagnosis based on a brief medical history, posted as a status update on Facebook.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The participants posted a brief case story on their Facebook profile and asked their »Facebook friends” to come up with possible diagnoses.
RESULTS: The correct diagnosis was suggested in five of the six case stories, and the correct diagnosis was made after a median of ten minutes. The quality of the responses varied from relevant differential diagnoses to very silly diagnostic suggestions.
CONCLUSION: Based on this study, we believe that laypersons can use his or her »Facebook friends” to identify the need to see a doctor for their symptoms rather than relying on them to give them a specific diagnosis for their symptoms.
While we wish we could read the rest of the study, it seems ever more likely that Facebook and other social networks will continue to inform patients, perhaps supplementing WebMD and Wikipedia as the first source for many patients wondering the source of that cough or bump.
Danish Medical Journal: Laypersons can seek help from their Facebook friends regarding medical diagnosis


Dentin is the hard, dense, bony tissue that forms the bulk of your tooth underneath the enamel. This is a calcified part of your body that’s made of 70% hydroxylapatite, 20% organic material, and 10% water.
It’s then protected by your tooth’s enamel. When it grows dark or black it’s usually because of one of two reasons – extrinsic or intrinsic causes.
Extrinsic Causes of Dentin Darkening
Extrinsic damage comes from outside of your teeth. This includes staining, tartar, and other damage that affects your outer dental enamel. Staining typically occurs when you eat or drink dark-colored foods like tea and cola. It can also occur when you take certain medications like liquid iron supplements.
On the other hand, tartar is a hard deposit of plaque that builds up on your teeth beneath the gum line. Sometimes tartar looks black. Additionally, it’s also important to note that tobacco smoking or chewing can significantly stain your teeth as well.
Intrinsic Causes of Dentin Darkening
Intrinsic damage starts on the inside of your teeth and progresses outward. This occurs when your tooth is decaying or damaged. Usually, this won’t cause your tooth to turn black overnight.
Instead, it will take time. Ideally, you can come see us before the damage becomes too great. Nevertheless, it’s still important to note what some of the common extrinsic and intrinsic causes of black teeth include.
One thing that does this is cavities. They’re caused by bacteria that destroy your tooth’s enamel and leaves small holes behind. These holes will usually take on a dark appearance.
Additionally, dental restoration such as fillings and crowns can cause teeth to appear. This is because they contain amalgam – silver sulfide in specific.
When you notice your dentin growing dark, you’ll want to make an appointment for us to remove or treat it.


(See also Section 5 of this chapter about doctors.)
8.a. In the dentist’s room
Dentists may have little or no training in deafness so may not know how to help you.
1. Some people have found it helpful to remind the dentist of their hearing loss each visit. Some people said it’s best to tell the dentist before s/he wedges your mouth open!
2. Tell the dentist that you need to see their face and give other hints on how to communicate with you clearly.
3. I show them my Communication Card and ask for the the fact that I have a hearing loss to be put on my notes. I then keep the Card handy so I can show it again to remind them if they start to forget.
4. There may be a limited number of things the dentist can say about teeth, try to anticipate them.
5. Ask for any instructions and the treatment to be written down.
6. Ask for the dentist to explain the treatment face to face before drilling starts.
7. If you plan to switch your aid off and remove it explain you will not be able to hear, while s/he is drilling and s/he’ll hopefully understand you cannot hear.
8. Some people like to anticipate and control the situation by asking specific questions before treatment starts.
9. If the dentist is wearing a mask, ask what the dentist expects you to do and arrange some signs that s/he can use to tell you what to do.
10. Always take pen and paper then instructions can be written in case all else fails. Tell the dentist about the pen and paper before they start.
11. I found my phone useful – it has a speech to text app so I can read what it being said. It’s not perfect but a big help.
8.b. General (Dentists)
1. One person said, “If the dentist is unhelpful I find an alternative. After all some dentists may not be helpful as dentistry is a stressful job. (Editor’s note: However, in the present situation where dentists can be difficult to find, you may not feel this is a good option for you.)
8.c. Taking a helper (Dentists)
1. Your helper should be able to repeat things for you (and take notes etc if needed,) however, be careful when choosing your helper.


A Save Our Seas Foundation shark researcher has captured an incredible photo of a crocodile catching a shark in the recently opened St Lucia Estuary in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. The picture, taken by Ryan Daly, is captioned: “When a predator becomes prey”.
Save Our Seas told SAPeople “the image has been extremely well received”.
The Foundation explained for those who haven’t yet been lucky enough to visit, that St Lucia is South Africa’s largest estuary and oldest protected estuary forming the centrepiece of the iSimangaliso World Heritage Site.
“Although the estuary has historically been home to many bull sharks, it went through a prolonged drought and was closed off from the ocean for over a decade,” says Save Our Seas.
“In early January the estuary was again opened to the mouth, and in the last week researchers have found recently pupped bull sharks at the mouth. These pups must have been born since the mouth opened and have been pushing into and out of the estuary mouth as they seek a good nursery habitat. As one of the pups entered the mouth it was snatched by a large nile crocodile (who are also residents in the system).”
The Foundation adds that: “Although it did not end well for this bull shark pup, several other pups were seen entering the estuary where they will hopefully find a good home.”
The video below explains how important it was to re-open the mouth of the Estuary.
Follow Save Our Seas Foundation on FB here | Follow Ryan Daly on Instagram here: @african_shark_diaries


- Questionnaire Text
- Source Variables
- Editing Procedure
SCHOOL indicates whether the respondent attended school during a specified period.
Codes and Frequencies
In 1900, enumerators were instructed to ask the question only of persons "of school age." Because this is vague, the IPUMS does not include an N/A category in this year. In 1910 and 1920 U.S. censuses, the question applied to persons age 5 to 21, but enumerators were to record "yes" for persons outside this range if they actually did attend school. In essence, the universe was all persons in these years. Since every person who did attend school should have given a positive response in the U.S. censuses of 1910 and 1920, blank responses are interpreted as "no."
The Puerto Rican censuses of 1910 and 1920 are arranged slightly differently. In 1910, the question applies to persons age 5-18 as well as to any other person who attended school since September 1st 1909. In 1920, the question applies to persons age 5-21 as well as to any other person who attended school since September 1st, 1919. Thus, the N/A category in the 1910 and 1920 Puerto Rican censuses for SCHOOL is restricted by age and school attendance, whereas in the U.S. census samples for 1910 and 1920 there is no N/A category.
In addition to universe shifts, definitions of school attendance varied in two ways, as follows:
- Time of attendance: A person was to have attended or been enrolled in school within a certain time span to be counted as having attended school:
|Year||Census day||School referent||Approx. period|
|1850-1900||June 1||within the past year||12 months|
|1910||April 15||September 1||7.5 months|
|1920||January 1||September 1||4 months|
|1930||April 1||September 1||6 months|
|1940||April 1||March 1||1 month|
|1950-2000||April 1||February 1||2 months|
|ACS||past 3 months||3 months|