The author if this chapter, David Lewis, explains his deep connection to the material:
I, David Lewis, am the author of this chapter and a Native scholar—a member of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon. I am a descendant of the original Santiam Kalapuya, Takelma, and Chinook tribes of western Oregon. I connect the real-world problems facing Indigenous peoples to the overwhelming lack of knowledge about Native peoples held by most non-Native people in American society. I have experience researching Indigenous peoples throughout the Pacific Rim, but in my PhD work, I have focused on the Native peoples of Oregon.
Scholars of Indigenous peoples will normally focus on one or a few Indigenous cultures in their work, but in any region, a cross section can be found of the sociopolitical themes present in a global context. Because of my research focus, this chapter contains mainly examples from Oregon and the Northwest Coast, with the inclusion of a few other case studies and examples from other regions. This chapter privileges North American subjects over global Indigenous subjects. Regardless of this focus, be aware that most of the topics discussed here exist in some form in all global Indigenous cultures, especially those that have undergone colonization and a struggle for sovereignty and rights, which include nearly all Indigenous peoples today.


What does your child learn at school each day? Find information about our curriculum here!
A child's school life should be one of the happiest memories that they have. At Matching Green we believe it is essential to motivate our children by giving them hands on learning experiences. Due to our small class sizes we are able to recognise the needs and aspirations of all our pupils and provide a rich, varied curriculum which provide opportunities for all pupils to make the best possible progress and attain their highest personal achievement.
As part of the New National Curriculum, which came into effect in September 2014 the School has developed a two year rolling cycle, which can be found below.
At Matching Green we follow a creative curriculum, using different books, which enables us to link subjects together. Our topics have an enrichment experience within them, that allows children the opportunity to live life in all its fullness and to build their cultural capital. We focus on teaching key skills taken from the National Curriculum and give the children exciting topics to engage with and learn through. The topics we follow are an integral part of the cross curricular links particularly our British Values, ICT and the outside areas.
Parents are sent a weekly newsletter on a Friday which summarises what the children have learnt that week and what learning will take place the week ahead. During our Celebration Assembly on a Friday children are asked to tell the rest of the school about what they have been learning that week.
Should you require any further information regarding our curriculum, please contact the School Office on 01279 731225.


J.E.B. Stuart Birthplace in Patrick County is associated with the early life of Confederate cavalry commander General James Ewell Brown Stuart. Described by Robert E. Lee as “my ideal of a soldier,” Stuart realized that cavalry could provide a screen for troop movement unhindered by the enemy, and he used lightning-strike cavalry rides to gather critical intelligence support on enemy troop movements. His famous “Ride Around McClellan” in June 1862 provided Lee with vital intelligence that enabled him to thwart the Federal Peninsula Campaign’s attempt to capture Richmond. The nominated 71 acres of Stuart’s birthplace comprise the core area of a farm operated by J.E.B.’s father Archibald Stuart and include the archaeological remains of Stuart’s Birthplace, Laurel Hill, which burned in the late 1840s. The J.E.B. Stuart Birthplace Preservation Trust acquired the nominated tract in 1991.
Many properties listed in the registers are private dwellings and are not open to the public, however many are visible from the public right-of-way. Please be respectful of owner privacy.
VLR: Virginia Landmarks Register
NPS: National Park Service
NRHP: National Register of Historic Places
NHL: National Historic Landmark


Edmund Seto, a researcher at the University of California, Davis' Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society develops censor and cell phone technologies to connect people to relevant, real-time data about themselves and their environments.
The research is part of the CalFit project, which is creating applications that help users live healthier lives. Seto has been working with University of California, Berkeley professor Ruzena Bajcsy to develop a device that combines an Internet tablet, a mobile global positioning system, an accelerometer, a heart-rate monitor, and a radio transmitter.
Users wear the device, which records the heart rate and type of activity being performed, informing the user about how many calories are being burned. Seto also is using CalFit-like applications to see how people who live near or pass by different kinds of environments actually use them for exercise.
The research could help communities take control of their own environmental monitoring. In addition, as part of the Make Air Quality project, Seto recently held six workshops at a San Francisco-area high school, helping the students develop a less expensive air-pollution monitor.
From CITRIS Newsletter
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Abstracts Copyright © 2011 Information Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Do you think woodworking is too difficult? Think again! If you begin with a solid knowledge base, you can succeed. You just have to actually be willing to learn. You can begin to create beautiful pieces from wood today by reading the advice below.
Anytime that you are planning to stain wood, you should be sure to use a high-quality wood conditioner beforehand. A good pre-stain condition helps to even out any imperfections in your project that a stain can accentuate. The conditioner will let the stain apply evenly and smooth out the wood.
Try creating your own reusable sanding blocks. Make a list of each sandpaper grit that you typically use, and then cut a full six blocks for each from scrap plywood, 3/4″ thick. Try to be certain that they measure roughly 2.5 inches by 4.75 inches. Use spray adhesive on both the cork tile square and your blocks. Start by sticking a block to the cork before cutting the cork with a utility knife. Spray adhesive on a piece of sandpaper and stick that to both cork blocks face down. Finally, trim the sandpaper and label each block.
Have a budget before beginning any woodworking project. It is easy to miscalculate costs when it comes to woodworking projects. It’s easy to get so excited to make something and then not have the money to complete the project. Plan ahead and avoid surprises.
Know the characteristics of any wood before you buy or use it for a specific project that requires staining. Wood that is paint grade is not high quality. On the other hand, wood that is stain grade will stain better. When it comes to veneer and particle board, veneer doesn’t usually absorb the right amount of stain, and particle board absorbs way too much. Your project will turn out better if you make sure you get the right wood.
Now you’ve learned a ton in regards to working with wood! Take what you’ve learned and start putting it to use. Continue learning and become a master craftsman. Utilize your new knowledge, and you are bound to succeed. You will be amazed at the results.


Reading & Dictionaries & Glossaries & 2nd Grade
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Printable Picture Dictionary.
Word Definition/Dictionary Activities. Answer 8 multiple-choice questions on the definition of words; a lesson in using a...
Little Explorers Picture Dictionary-A multi-lingual picture dictionary with links to educational activities and games...
Little Explorers children's picture dictionary, organized phonetically, by the first sound of each word.
Phonics: Picture Dictionary, Activities and Worksheets to Print. EnchantedLearning.com
Picture Dictionaries to Print and Make - Early Readers Books from EnchantedLearning.com.
A page of shape words from the Little Explorers Picture Dictionary in English.
Winter words in an easy-to-use picture dictionary format.
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A NEW community-led strategy to help protect the threatened Australian Fairy Tern was launched last week.
The initiative brings together a network of conservation organisations, government agencies, councils and community groups to help protect fairy terns along the west coast.
The Australian fairy tern is one of Australia’s smallest and rarest seabirds, measuring less than 25 centimetres from bill to tail and featuring a distinctive black ‘head cap’ and bright orange bill.
The terns build their shallow nests on sandy beaches and near estuary mouths during the summer months, but that’s not much protection for the eggs, making them vulnerable to vehicles, pets and feral animals.
It’s estimated there are fewer than 3,000 breeding pairs in WA with 700 of those in the metro area, adding the threats of coastal development and recreation to the mix.
The WA Fairy Tern Network was formed by the Conservation Council of WA (CCWA) in 2015 to coordinate a collaborative approach to protecting the terns, and its new strategy has the backing of Melville and Cockburn councils, and Fremantle Ports which has been nurturing a tern colony on its patch for several years.
Nic Dunlop from CCWA, said: “Fairy Terns are unpredictable and have a tendency to move between multiple sites along the WA coast. This means that they may be commonly found on either government, public or private land and it can therefore be difficult for one group or organisation to monitor them effectively.
“By strengthening the ties between each of the network members – as this strategy sets out to do – we hope it will become much easier to protect this species across its many breeding sites in the region,” Dr Dunlop said.
CCWA citizen science manager Claire Greenwell, said with careful and coordinated management, urban environments can continue to be prized habitats for terns.
Fremantle Ports recently contributed $5,000 towards monitoring predator interactions with the fairy terns and a further $5,000 towards a Fairy Tern Conservation Management Plan.
For more information about the WA Fairy Tern Network, visit ccwa.org.au/fairyterns.


Ecol Evol. 2023 May 2;13(5):e10042. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10042. eCollection 2023 May.
The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population of Southeast Alaska has been growing at a higher rate than other regions along the Pacific coast. While good for the recovery of this endangered species, rapid population growth of this apex predator can create a human-wildlife conflict, negatively impacting commercial and subsistence fishing. Previous foraging studies throughout the sea otter range have shown they will reduce invertebrate prey biomass when recolonizing an area. The goal of this study was to examine and quantify the energy content of sea otter diets through direct foraging observations and prey collection. Our study area, Prince of Wales Island in southern Southeast Alaska, exhibits a gradient of sea otter recolonization, thus providing a natural experiment to test diet change in regions with different recolonization histories. Sea otter prey items were collected in three seasons (spring, summer, and winter) to measure caloric value and lipid and protein content. We observed 3523 sea otter dives during the spring and summer. A majority of the sea otter diet consisted of clams. Sea otters in newly recolonized areas had lower diet diversity, higher energetic intake rates (EIR, kcal/min), and prey had higher energy content (kcal/g). Females with pups had the highest diet diversity and the lowest EIR. Sea otter EIR were higher in the fall and winter vs. spring and summer. Sea cucumber energy and lipid content appeared to correspond with times when sea otters consumed the highest proportion of sea cucumbers. These caloric variations are an important component of understanding ecosystem-level effects sea otters have in the nearshore environment.
PMID:37153015 | PMC:PMC10154889 | DOI:10.1002/ece3.10042


A mnemonic phrase, also known as a seed phrase, is a set of words that can be used to generate a cryptocurrency private key. This phrase is typically generated when a user creates a new wallet, and it is used to backup and recover the wallet in case the original private key is lost or stolen.
The process of converting a mnemonic phrase into a private key involves several steps. First, the mnemonic phrase is converted into a 512-bit integer using a cryptographic algorithm called SHA-256. This integer is then used as the seed for a random number generator, which is used to generate a series of private keys.
To generate a private key, the random number generator takes the seed and applies a series of mathematical operations to produce a unique number. This number is then checked to ensure that it is a valid private key, meaning that it is a 256-bit number between 1 and 2^256-1.
Once a valid private key is generated, it can be used to sign transactions and manage cryptocurrency holdings. It's important to keep the private key secure, as anyone who has access to it can access the associated cryptocurrency. Mnemonic phrases should be kept in a secure location that is not accessible to anyone else, and users should always use two-factor authentication and other security measures to protect their cryptocurrency holdings.
There are several tools available that can be used to convert a mnemonic phrase into a private key. For example, the BIP39 tool developed by Ian Coleman is a popular choice among cryptocurrency users. This tool allows users to enter their mnemonic phrase and select the cryptocurrency they are using, and it will generate the corresponding private key.
In summary, a mnemonic phrase can be used to generate a cryptocurrency private key, which is necessary to manage cryptocurrency holdings. It's important to keep the mnemonic phrase and private key secure, and to use best practices for cybersecurity to protect against hacking and other forms of cyber attacks.


Most of the sodium found in the typical diet comes from processed foods, NOT the salt shaker.
Learn how much sodium is in the foods that you eat. Use the Sodium Interactive Tool to find out how much sodium is in processed foods, ingredients high in sodium that are added during cooking and at the table, and foods with naturally occurring sodium.
Using the Pie Chart, find out more information about sources of Sodium in your diet.
Or select the sodium source from the expanding list:
- Processed Foods - 77%
Most of the sodium we eat comes from processed foods like deli meats, pizza, sauces and soups. Packaged and ready-to-eat foods, fast foods and restaurant meals are also often high in sodium.
- Naturally Occurring - 12%
Sodium is found naturally in small amounts in foods like milk, fresh meats, fruits and vegetables.
- Ingredients added at the table - 6%
Sodium is found in salt, sauces, condiments and dressings that are added at the table.
- Ingredients added during cooking - 5%
Sodium is found in salt, sauces, condiments and dressings that are added during cooking.
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Several days ago, a crash occurred on the Aurora bridge in Seattle, causing the death of several area college students. The students were passengers on a Ride the Ducks tour vehicle that reportedly may have undergone a mechanical failure and veered into the path of an oncoming bus.
Technological disasters are just one of many sources of trauma.
Other sources can include experiencing or witnessing violence or abuse, natural disasters, neglect or abandonment, medical procedures, or any experience that overwhelms the brain’s ability to cope and makes an individual feel enormous threat or fear, to themselves or others.
What feelings and emotions often follow trauma and how can trauma survivors move forward?
Avoidance. People may be reluctant to talk about what happened or to revisit the location. This is normal. Talking about the event can bring up negative emotions, but it can also validate that something very bad happened to the survivor. This is good.
Talking about the trauma does not create new trauma–it gives the survivor the opportunity to
confront what happened and helps them realize that “That was then and this is now.”
Re-experiencing. People who’ve been traumatized experience flashbacks, nightmares, triggers, and anxiety, along with other symptoms. Talking about trauma does not cause someone to re-experience their event. Instead, talking about a traumatic event can help people understand that an event is over and in the past. It can also help people begin to gain back control over the event.
Depression and release of emotions. It’s normal for people who’ve been through traumatic events to cry more or feel depressed. Therapist Robin Shapiro, who specializes in trauma and PTSD, offers the following suggestions:
Allow yourself to grieve.
Remind yourself that it will take longer than you think it should.
Remind yourself that it will hurt more than you think it should.
Be kind to yourself while you’re going through the process.


State of Rhode Island
Department of Health
The Rhode Island Department of Health encourages providers to confirm every varicella diagnosis by performing laboratory testing. In Rhode Island, 95% of children ages 19-35 months have received one or more doses of varicella-containing vaccine, so most cases of varicella occur in vaccinated children.
Clinical features of breakthrough varicella are often mild and atypical. It can be difficult to make a varicella diagnosis on clinical presentation alone as many other rashes can resemble varicella, including hand, foot, and mouth disease, poison ivy, allergic reaction, viral rash, or molluscum contagiosum. CDC’s photographs demonstrate several examples of varicella in vaccinated and unvaccinated children.
Molecular (PCR) testing is the most reliable method to confirm varicella infection. If you suspect varicella in a patient, please collect a swab and submit to a commercial laboratory for PCR testing. Use a polyester or Dacron tipped swab and follow the commercial laboratory's instructions for specimen collection and submission. Serologic (IgM) testing is not a reliable or efficient method for routine confirmation, especially in vaccinated persons. Laboratory testing for varicella can help avert unnecessary public health action and parental concern, as well as ensure that cases of varicella are properly identified and isolated.
The best method of protection against varicella is immunization. Two doses of varicella-containing vaccine are 98% effective at preventing varicella disease. Children should receive one dose between the ages of 12-15 months, and a second dose between the ages of 4-6 years.
All cases of varicella are reportable to Center for Acute Infectious Disease Epidemiology within 4 days of diagnosis. While we encourage laboratory testing, if you have diagnosed varicella by symptoms alone, the case is still reportable. Fill out the case report form and fax to 401-222-2488. Suspected cases may also be reported at 401-222-2577.


The researchers suggest indulging in housework or switching off the TV and going to bed to bring about improvement in the mood and BMI.
The recent study adds to previous findings that physical inactivity is harmful for the overall health compared to having an active lifestyle. Previous research has shown that around 75% of the U.S. population has a sedentary lifestyle, and during the lockdown around 30% of active adults have observed a drop in their physical activity. The team of researchers from the Ohio State University (OSU) analysed data of over 400 adults in the age group of 31 to 35 years from the 2010–2015 Energy Balance Study carried out at the University of South Carolina. Each participant had BMI values in the range of 20 to 35. The team was able to accurately track the activity levels of each participant with the help of data from the SenseWear armband worn by the participants. The wearable device helped in avoiding inaccuracies resulting from self-reporting.
The team assessed each participant for a period of ten continuous days, excluding the time spent in water-based activities such as swimming or showering. Moreover, the participants also recorded the times when the armbands were not used, as well as the activities carried out during those times. The study was followed by a follow-up program after a gap of one year to reveal the benefits of replacing sedentary time with mild exercising. The participants self-reported their moods, and their perception of stress was measured by the 10 item Perceived Stress Scale. Furthermore, height and weight measurements were also taken to determine the participants’ BMI.
The results have helped the researchers conclude that simply turning off the telly and going to bed or doing light chores in the house can help in terms of improved mood, reduction in BMI.


Bend and Lift
Quickly measure and calculate Bend and Lift Movement Assessment
This is an assessment of your squatting movement patterns. It will identify issues below the waist in your feet, ankles, and knees, as well as variations from one side to the other. Above the waist it will identify issues in the hips, spine, and head. Proper squat mechanics will decrease your chances of injury while you increase activity.
Bend and Lift Protocol
Detect observable muscular deviations related to overactive and underactive skeletal muscle.
(2) Dowels or 25 lbs dumbbells
Attach a piece of string to each chair at a height that when the subject is flexing a single leg at 70 degrees, the string is directly underneath their foot.
- Begin by instructing the participant to stand with feet shoulder width apart and arms at their waist in a neutral position.
- Instruct the subject to hinge at the hip, and while keeping posture, squat towards the ground and grasp both dowels. Have the participant maintain position for a two-count before returning to a standing position in order to accurately observe each checkpoint.
- Repeat as many times in order to fully observe and record each checkpoint.
Bend and Lift Calculation


Rev. Peter Greiner
Sun 5 Feb
Submission is a word we love to apply to others, but loathe it when the word is applied to ourselves. However, if we thought about it, our world would not survive if submission was not present. You practiced submission to the road rules which enabled you to get to church relatively safely.
For the Christians our example of submission is found in our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, who submitted to His Father's will, came to earth, went to the cross and died on our behalf. Such an example of submission serves as a model for how the Christian is to humbly submit. Throughout Peter's letter, he has written of relationships where submission is called for. Whether it be the governing authorities, submission in the work place, or in the marriage relationship.
Now in this final chapter he writes of submission in the church, whether it be to the church elders or to one another. Such submission is evidenced in the humility we have toward one another. No one is exempt! "All of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another" (v. 5). And we are given the reason why we humbly submit. "God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble."What is it that stops you from humbly submitting to one another? Is it your pride? Do you think you are better than the ones God is calling you to submit to? As we consider our pride, let us be thankful that Jesus submitted on our behalf.


Meaning : The persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something.
He claims that the present administration is corrupt.
The governance of an association is responsible to its members.
He quickly became recognized as a member of the establishment.
Synonyms : administration, brass, establishment, governing body, organisation, organization
लोग (या समिति या विभाग) जो किसी पर प्रशासन करने के उद्देश्य से एक इकाई के रूप में बने हों।इस संस्था का प्रशासन भ्रष्टाचार में लिप्त है।
Meaning : The act of governing. Exercising authority.
Regulations for the governing of state prisons.
He had considerable experience of government.
Synonyms : administration, governing, government, government activity
Governance ka meaning, vilom shabd, paryayvachi aur samanarthi shabd in Hindi. Governance ka matlab kya hota hai?


American guinea pig
It was around the 16th century when American guinea pigs were brought to Europe. The ‘guinea’ part of the name comes from sailors who brought the guinea pigs over from South America and sold them for a guinea (old English coin). Whereas ‘pig’ is said to be because of the noises they make reminding you of a piglet.
Guinea pigs do not have any tails but do have short ears and a sturdy body. They have around 20 teeth which continue to grow, so it is vital that they always have something to gnaw on. Guinea pigs are social creatures and are known for making a variety of vocalisations. They do not sleep a lot during the day or night and are more likely to take smaller naps.
The American guinea pig can be up to 20 - 25 cms long and can weigh just over a kilogram.
Thousands of years ago, American guinea pigs were popular as pets plus food for larger animals. This is now a commonly kept domestic pet and not currently under threat.
The IUCN does not see the American guinea pig in risk of extinction in the near future
Mountain – found in the Andes Mountains in South America
The American guinea pig no longer exists in the wild but are popular domestic pets.
Herbivore – eats hay, fruit and vegetables including leafy greens.


The American Railway Union, headed by Eugene Debs, is founded in Chicago. In the Pullman strike a year later, the union was defeated by federal injunctions and troops, and Debs was imprisoned for violating the injunctions - 1893
Henry Ford recognizes the United Auto Workers, signs contract for workers at River Rouge plant - 1941 Striking African-American auto workers are attacked by KKK, National Workers League, and armed White workers at Belle Isle amusement park in Detroit. Two days of riots follow, 34 people are killed, more than 1,300 arrested - 1943 (All Labor Has Dignity: Dr. Martin Luther King was every bit as committed to economic justice as he was to ending racial segregation. He fought throughout his life to connect the labor and civil rights movements, envisioning them as twin pillars for social reform. As we struggle with massive unemployment, a staggering racial wealth gap, and the near collapse of a financial system that puts profits before people, this collection of King's speeches on labor rights and economic justice underscore his relevance for today. They help us imagine King anew: as a human rights leader whose commitment to unions and an end to poverty was a crucial part of his civil rights agenda.)
The Taft-Hartley Labor Management Relations Act, curbing strikes, is vetoed by President Harry S. Truman. The veto was overridden three days later by a Republican-controlled Congress - 1947
Oil began traveling through the Alaska pipeline. Seventy thousand people worked on building the pipeline, history's largest privately-financed construction project - 1977 Evelyn Dubrow, described by the New York Times as organized labor's most prominent lobbyist at the time of its greatest power, dies at age 95.


Kīhei Elementary School adds Mystery Science program from Discovery Education
Kīhei Elementary School has expanded its partnership with Discovery Education to include Mystery Science, an award-winning digital resource for kindergarten through fifth-grade teachers and students, for the upcoming school year.
Discovery Education is a worldwide organization that provides state-of-the-art digital platform support instruction to teachers and students.
Kīhei Elementary School has worked with Discovery Education since 2015. The school’s educators currently use the organizationʻs K-12 platform and Science Techbook to support teaching and learning in all disciplines.
Mystery Science provides hands-on lessons that inspire students to love science. Each lesson begins by posing a question commonly asked by young students, followed by a series of brief videos and prompts to guide class discussion. The lesson concludes with an activity designed to bring learning to life.
“In the post-COVID world, educators are more challenged than ever to create engaging learning experiences for all students,” Kīhei Elementary School Principal Tracy Lui said. “Discovery Education’s digital resources grab students’ attention, opening the door for our school’s educators to capitalize on our learners’ natural curiosity.”
Discovery Education is providing Kīhei Elementary School teachers with interactive professional development sessions to learn best practices for integrating the new digital resources into instruction.
The schoolʻs teachers also have access to the Discovery Education Community, a global network of education professionals that foster valuable idea sharing and inspiration.
For more information about Discovery Education, visit www.discoveryeducation.com.


The R-value is:
Basically, R-value refers to the speed at which heat is transferred between materials. High R-values are found in heat insulators. Low R-values are associated with heat conductors.
- Wood with a thickness of one inch has an R-value of about 1.
- Fibreglass batting about 1 inch wide has an R-value of 3.2
- 1 inch blocks of Styrofoam have an R-value of about 5.
- In general, thicker materials have higher R-values.
Among the methods of transferring heat, conduction, convection, and radiation are among the most common. The following are three myths you should know about!
Myth 1: RV skirts need R-value
RV skirting is an interlocking wall that surrounds the base. Cold weather is often a time for them to be used by travel trailers and fifth wheels. The myth goes as follows:
“The skirting panels must be insulated and have a high R-value.”
In comparison to R-value, airflow is more important. The RV skirt prevents cold air from flowing beneath the trailer floor and sucking away heat. This allows air to work on its own because skirting enables air to do the work for itself! During the winter, warm air escapes through the skirting, causing the air to be heated.
Myth 2: R-Value is in sales brochures
There’s a discrepancy between what you see and what the R-values are! Usually, RV manufacturers mean either of the following when they say “Our wall is R-11:
- The walls are insulated with an aluminum tube or foam core of 2 inches
- Insulation is stuffed into 16-inch wide fiberglass batts and framed with 2×2 bays (1-12 x 12 studs).
Myth 3: Fibreglass RV insulation is tried & true
There are still many entry-level RVs that use fiberglass batting for insulation. Fibreglass insulation has long been considered a poor choice for RV insulation.
Cold spots can form on RVs when fiberglass settles and compresses due to travel. It is good practice to glue the batt facing to the plywood sheathing. This will prevent the roof from settling, but choosing a RV with foam insulation inside the walls is a better option.


On April 4, Texans looked up to find a fireball jetting across the sky.
For those who aren’t meteor savvy, it’s spring fireball season, though scientists don’t know why exactly there are more meteors in the spring season.
Folks in Texas were treated to quite the sky show early April when they looked up to find a blazing trail of smoke and fire.
And for Texans who saw the fireball, thought they had caught a glimpse of the rare sight. The bright object was reported to be indeed an extra bright meteor.
A NASA employee also said it looked to be a meteor burning up as it entered Earth’s atmosphere.
The event was captured on camera and has hit YouTube in recent days, proving to be quite popular among folks across the globe. Since hitting the Internet, it’s had over 500,000 views.
Yes, we too feel like we’re in an episode of “Game Of Thrones” and have caught a sign of the dragons return.
But sadly later, the truth was revealed and all those who had checked off “See a meteor” on their bucket lists were disappointed to find out that it was no meteor, instead a jet and its contrail.
NASA confirmed what was originally believed to be a meteor was actually a flying jet and its contrail. The Jet contrail was reflecting the glow of the sun making it appear fiery. The NASA employee who first said it was a meteor later agreed that it was indeed a contrail.
Check it out.


Julius von Bismarck
Die Mimik der Tethys
High sea buoy, motors and cable winches
Unique within a series of 3 + 1 AP
Silently, a high-sea buoy, its corroded metal surface covered with traces of shells and seaweed, glides overhead through the museum atrium. The massive object appears to fly through the air weightlessly, moving along three dimensions.
In perpetual motion, it registers the movements of its normal location at the SEM- REV test site, off the French coast in the Atlantic Ocean. Sometimes calm and gentle, at others given to sudden and wide-ranging motion, its varying behavior has a hypnotic effect. High-sea buoys are interchanged for maintenance reasons on a regular basis. During one such an exchange, the artist placed an accelerometer on a buoy being installed at sea. Continuously transmitting movement data via satellite to its relocated double, suspended in the exhibition space, the information guides eight electric motors and cable winches, the latter precisely reproducing the former’s movements. Inspired by the figure of Tethys—a sea goddess in Greek mythology, the daughter of the sky (Ouranos) and the earth (Gaia)—Die Mimik der Tethys functions as a barometer of nature’s moods as expressed by the constantly changing surface of the ocean. The steel object’s irregular rise and fall conjures the sea’s presence in the museum. Its ocean referent is not the romanticized one that commonly features seafaring tales but another, registering the sea of data in which we are all immersed today.


University of Miami Business Law Review
Technological innovations are quickly re-shaping our world and even changing the way we travel from place to place. Although the concept of “ride-sharing” only just emerged in 2010, it has rapidly gained popularity and expanded across the globe, offering a new way to get around major cities via a mobile application that instantly links drivers and passengers through the phone’s GPS system. At the forefront of this movement is Uber—the multibillion- dollar company and pioneer of ride-sharing that has experienced unprecedented growth and success in its short existence. However, Uber’s expansion into most major cities across the United States has not been free of controversy or difficulties. For example, Uber has received major pushback from the taxi industry, which was once virtually free of competition, but is now quickly losing its grasp as a popular mode of transportation in the markets Uber has expanded into. In addition, city and state regulators in highly-regulated markets such as Miami, Florida have created significant legal hurdles for companies like Uber to enter into new markets based primarily on the regulators’ inability to fit these innovative companies into existing regulations for taxis, resulting in a legal gray area. This article will examine the development of the immensely popular and controversial ride-sharing industry. Specifically, this article will focus on the unprecedented growth of the ride-sharing industry’s pioneer, Uber, and the legal hurdles Uber has encountered while expanding into highly-regulated markets which have resisted this new collaborative form of transportation that has now become synonymous with “taking an Uber.”
Uber v. Regulation: “Ride-Sharing” Creates a Legal Gray Area,
25 U. MIA Bus. L. Rev.
Available at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umblr/vol25/iss1/4


Sweet potatoes that came into our country during the Joseon Dynasty
It can be grown in all parts of Korea.
Even if the ground is poor or if you don’t use medicine,
It’s one of the easiest crops to grow.
It’s rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, and betacarotene.
About the health benefits of sweet potatoes
Let’s take a closer look.
The calories vary slightly depending on how you cook them.
on a 100g basis
Raw fish alone is the lowest at 130 kilocalories.
Boiled and steamed sweet potatoes are about 140kcal.
It doesn’t make much difference at 150 kcal of roasted sweet potato.
Dried sweet potatoes have more sugar as they lose moisture.
It’s about 320 kcal per 100 people.
Sweet potatoes are good for your skin.
It’s rich in vitamin C.
It promotes collagen production.
Helps produce melanin cells. 토토커뮤니티
It has the effect of making your skin clean.
The vitamin C in other vegetables is heated,
It’s easy to destroy.
The vitamin C in sweet potatoes, even if it’sir.
More than half of them are preserved.
Sweet potatoes are effective in preventing cancer.
The reason is that it’s highly antioxidant.
This is because it is rich in beta-carotene and carotenoids.
To slow down aging by removing free radicals.
You get cancer cells.
It’s effective in preventing it from being transferred to another area.
Especially, it is good for preventing colon cancer.


Blast from Black Hole in a Galaxy Far, Far Away
The Star Wars franchise has featured the fictitious "Death Star," which can shoot powerful beams of radiation across space. The Universe, however, produces phenomena that often surpass what science fiction can conjure.
The Pictor A galaxy is one such impressive object. This galaxy, located nearly 500 million light years from Earth, contains a supermassive black hole at its center. A huge amount of gravitational energy is released as material swirls towards the event horizon, the point of no return for infalling material. This energy produces an enormous beam, or jet, of particles traveling at nearly the speed of light into intergalactic space.
To obtain images of this jet, scientists used NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory at various times over 15 years. Chandra's X-ray data (blue) have been combined with radio data from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (red) in this new composite image.
By studying the details of the structure seen in both X-rays and radio waves, scientists seek to gain a deeper understanding of these huge collimated blasts.
The jet [to the right] in Pictor A is the one that is closest to us. It displays continuous X-ray emission over a distance of 300,000 light years. By comparison, the entire Milky Way is about 100,000 light years in diameter. Because of its relative proximity and Chandra's ability to make detailed X-ray images, scientists can look at detailed features in the jet and test ideas of how the X-ray emission is produced.
In addition to the prominent jet seen pointing to the right in the image, researchers report evidence for another jet pointing in the opposite direction, known as a "counterjet". While tentative evidence for this counterjet had been previously reported, these new Chandra data confirm its existence. The relative faintness of the counterjet compared to the jet is likely due to the motion of the counterjet away from the line of sight to the Earth.
More information at http://chandra.si.edu/photo/2016/pictora/index.html
-Megan Watzke, CXC
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Area of interest plant-based meals are sometimes touted for his or her well being advantages—however one that could be much less apparent is that they can assist maintain outbreaks from mushrooming.
Such was the case in a small Salmonella outbreak from late 2020 to early 2021, outlined Thursday in a examine revealed by the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The outbreak concerned an uncommon plant-based meals that carried uncommon micro organism. And beginning with simply two instances, well being officers may determine the supply and spur a product recall earlier than customary outbreak measures had been triggered—squashing an outbreak that might have festered throughout the nation.
The meals on the outbreak’s heart was cashew brie—a vegan brie various—and the primary two instances recognized had been in Tennessee. The 2 folks reported consuming the identical model of cashew brie on the similar restaurant earlier than falling sick. And medical isolates discovered they’d the identical uncommon serotype of Salmonella—S. Duisburg. Well being officers carried out entire genome sequencing of the offending micro organism and entered them right into a nationwide repository of pathogen isolates collected for illness surveillance. There have been three genetically associated matches: two isolates from California and one from Florida.
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In a world with sickness, deadly bugs (Ebola, et al) and terrorism warfare, the old code system, ICD-9 doesn’t help much. The new ICD-10 system will help responders by simply providing much more information. A good example is the old code for Ebola is lumped under other specified diseases due to viruses, but in the new code, it has its very own code, A98.4, specifically Ebola. The epidemiologic value is enormously improved.
The delay in implementation sadly only relates to money. The impact of the big switch from a technological standpoint is certainly going to be costly both in the development of the software for both providers and payers, but is anticipated to create more work for the provider and probably affect the payment for services. The latter is the main reason the AMA is opposed to the new system and has sufficient political clout to have succeeded in inducing Congress to delay it yet another year. The probability is that it will attempt the same thing this year.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has conducted several testing processes in the past several months so everything should be pretty well in place to make it happen this year.
It is amazing that ICD-10 has been used for many years worldwide with the US lagging way behind; in fact the ICD-11 has been announced by the World Health Organization as ready this year in the immediate future and we can’t even make it to the ICD-10.


(Hard Copy Price: $42.95 – including postage; Ebook price: $19.95)
Online Classroom: Australian History Series – Year 4 is a package that includes:
- Interactive Online Resource
The online resource can be viewed on smart/whiteboards, tablets and laptops. This interactive resource includes videos, audio, clickable buttons, graphics and more. It is specifically targeted at engaging Year 4 students and bringing History to life for them.
- Teachers’ Guide
The teachers’ guide includes step-by-step instructions to using the online resource. All you will need to know about using the online resource is provided in this guide.
- BLM Activity Sheets
Photocopiable BLM activity sheets which link to the online content are included in this package. Originally created for our popular BLM ‘Australian History Series Book 4: First Contacts’, these activity pages have been modified for this package. Students can complete the activities after viewing the online content. All of the activity sheets have been carefully created to meet the requirements of the Australian Curriculum.
Online Classroom brings Year 4 History to life. The curriculum-linked topics include:
- Indigenous Australians:
The first section helps students to develop an understanding of the diversity and longevity of Indigenous Australians and explores their way of life prior to colonisation.
- World Navigation Before 1800:
The second section encourages students to investigate the voyages of navigators worldwide and the contacts that they made with others.
- Departure and Arrival of the First Fleet:
The third section examines why the First Fleet set sail, conditions on board, and the experiences of the passengers during and after the journey.
- Indigenous People and Others:
The final section gives students the opportunity to explore the contact that Indigenous Australians had with their Asian neighbours and early European settlers.
Online Classroom can be used to:
• plan and present your lessons
• generate lively class discussions
• set up group work
• foster independent learning on individual devices
• set online homework and digital research tasks


Early in May, I reported on Ohio School Board Association endorse an automated emergency messaging system. The technology is probably great; it is human error that can cause the real problems–problems like inducing mass panic. That is what happened in Mason, Ohio.
Local 12-WKRC-TV made the following report on May 27:
Last week parents were notified by mail, e-mail and notices sent home with students that there would be a mock disaster drill at a Mason City School this week. But they did not know in advance the exact location or time of the drill, which is standard procedure.
The mock disaster drill was at Mason Heights Elementary School. The situation was a boiler had exploded, and everyone needed to evacuate the building. The drill is a test to make sure in a real emergency, everything goes smoothly but that didn’t happen.
It may have only been a drill but…
almost 100 parents rushed to a local school after they were notified there was an explosion.
If the school officials had forewarned all parents, why did the drill cause such mass confusion and panic?
The Public Information Officer used the emergency call system to send a message about the explosion to all Mason Heights parents. However, she forgot to mention it was a drill. Hundreds of frantic parents rushed to the school to check on their students, only to find there was no emergency.
Human error sank the Titanic and human error momentarily sank the heart of many of Mason Heights Elementary School parents.


New research looks at the safest way to drive to eliminate the spread of COVID-19 while inside a car.
Scientists in Massachusetts studied the airflow inside vehicles, with findings that could help those who use rideshare.
Researchers found that when the heat was on and the windows were up, there was a high risk for transmission of the virus, even when the passenger and driver weren't sitting side-by-side.
"That's not surprising because we would expect that the more windows that are open, the more circulation of air there is and the easier it is to flush any contaminants out of the car," said Kenny Breuer, a researcher at Brown University.
So, if you're taking a road trip over the holidays, the CDC recommends that only people from the same household ride in the car.
SEE RELATED STORY: Fauci: Expect similar COVID-19 travel restrictions, advisories for Christmas holiday
Here are three tips on the safest way to drive:
- Drive with all four windows down
- Have the passenger sit in the rear seat on the opposite side of the driver
- Wear a mask when needed
Scientists recommend people wear a mask when the weather is bad and they can't have all the windows down.
SEE RELATED: CDC shortens COVID-19 quarantine to 10 days, 7 with negative test
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Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It borders Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia.
Population: Estimated 15.9 million (2016)
Life expectancy at birth: 57 years
Level of corruption: ranked by Transparency International as 150 out of 168 countries
Average salary: $57 a month
- A high risk political and economic situation, and an often very difficult business environment, can have a very significant impact on corporate payment behaviour;
- Availability of food and health care is precarious.
Source: Global Edge
Zimbabwe artisans recycling metal into art
The unique pieces showcased in Lazuli Art come from a Fair Trade Co-op in Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwean artists are based in the capital Harare, where vibrant and traditional local culture thrives. Using recycled metals; car parts, industry scrap, fridges and cookers, these innovative artists create intricately beautiful birds, fish and cacti.
As members of a Fair Trade Co-op, the artists, artisans, welders and assistants are guaranteed fair prices for their work and safe and healthy working conditions. A family community has flourished around the co-op, children attend local schools and have access to health care. In a country struggling with drought, severe food shortages and political unrest, the Fair Trade Co-op offers security, a vastly improved standard of living and hope for a brighter future.


Moroccan architecture is a distinct architectural style that has been shaped by various cultures and civilizations that have ruled the country over the centuries. One of the most intriguing and fascinating examples of Moroccan architecture is the Riad. These buildings are located in the heart of the medina, or old city, in Morocco and were traditionally used as large family homes or palaces. Today, many have been converted into guesthouses or boutique hotels, allowing visitors to experience first-hand the beauty and wonder of Riad Moroccan architecture.
The word ‘riad’ comes from the Arabic word for garden, ‘ryad.’ This is because every Riad has a central courtyard where a garden or fountain is usually present. From this central courtyard, the rest of the building is built upwards and outwards to form a maze of rooms, hallways, and staircases. Unlike the elaborate facades of European architecture, Riads are often quite plain and unassuming from the outside. This is because the Moroccan culture traditionally regards privacy as an essential aspect of family life, and therefore the outer walls of the home are usually plain and unremarkable.
Visitors to a Riad will be in for a treat as they roam around the various rooms, discovering secret doorways and hidden courtyards. The building’s interior decorations are often stunning, with intricate tilework, carved wooden doors, and plasterwork that displays geometric shapes and Islamic calligraphy. The earthen-colored walls and cool, shaded terraces provide an escape from the heat of the Moroccan sun, immersing visitors in a peaceful and inviting atmosphere.
The construction of these buildings is not only beautiful but also incredibly sustainable. The design of the buildings encourages cross-ventilation, with each room opening out onto the central courtyard. This means that cool air from the garden or fountain can flow through the building, keeping the temperature down on hot summer days. The thick walls of the Riad also provide excellent insulation, keeping the house cool in summer and warm in winter.
The Riad Moroccan architecture is a stunning example of a unique cultural heritage that has been preserved for centuries. The combination of traditional Islamic and Berber motifs and designs gives these buildings a timeless quality that continues to captivate visitors to this day. For those visiting Morocco, a stay in a Riad is an absolute must. Immerse yourself in the enchanting beauty of Riad architecture and experience the wonder of Moroccan history and culture in these exceptional buildings.


Agricultural sector contributes about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). It is one of the major contributors to GHG emissions. But the sector can be put on the climate-friendly path by adopting sustainable practices and innovative technologies. The sector can play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of climate change.
In the energy transition scenario, the EU targets to cut 55% of emissions by 2030, while the US has committed to cutting 50% of the GHG emissions by the same period. But both of these targets cannot be achieved without reductions in the emissions from agriculture.
Carbon-neutral agriculture refers to agricultural practices that do not release more carbon into the atmosphere than they absorb.
In order to achieve carbon neutrality in agriculture, farmers can adopt practices such as precision agriculture, reduced tillage, cover cropping, organic crop management, agro-forestry, and crop rotations that promote soil health and increase carbon sequestration.
Carbon-neutral agriculture may also involve the use of renewable energy sources to power farm operations and the implementation of carbon offset programs that support reforestation and other activities, which remove carbon from the atmosphere by storing it in the soil and vegetation.
Carbon-neutral agriculture is vital for climate change
Overall, carbon-neutral agriculture is an important component of efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By adopting sustainable farming practices that minimize carbon emissions and maximize carbon sequestration, farmers can help reduce their impact on the environment. This will also improve the health and productivity of their land.
Livestock management techniques that reduce emissions such as improved feed quality and management of manure can also be employed.
If a farm has a large number of cattle or sheep, it is likely that methane is the largest source of GHG emissions. If a farm produces horticultural products, the main emissions are likely to be mainly nitrous oxides.Tags: Agriculture, Carbon Neutral, Climate Change, Greenhouse gases, NetZro
Clean energy investments increasing: IEA
Mitsubishi delivers ammonia fuel system to J-Eng
Shipping and aviation to collaborate for green hydrogen
Damen Shipyards, Boluda Towage to work together
ExxonMobil to supply B30 biofuel to Hapag-Lloyd
MMPA, CDD join hands to transform dairy byproducts into ethanol
BC Hydro receives clean electricity interest from customers
First Mode fuel cell electric vehicle completes trials


Early symptoms of heart failure 5 things
Don’t ignore the early signs of heart failure. If you do not pay attention to your health in time, the risk increases.
Heart failure is caused by your poor lifestyle. Everything from diet to daily habits have been pointed to as a cause of heart failure.
Excessive drinking, smoking, lack of physical activity and increased stress can lead to heart disease. So you need to take care on time.
Heart disease is becoming a public health problem worldwide. About 6.4 crore people are suffering from heart disease.
More than 1 percent of adults in India still suffer from this problem.
Many studies have indicated that the death rate due to heart disease is very high in our country.
More than 18 lakh people are admitted to hospitals every year in the country.
Heart failure is becoming a serious problem. In this the heart organs become weak and the heart cannot do its normal work.
Heart disease can be caused by any genetic disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, use of certain dangerous drugs, neurological diseases etc.
Symptoms of heart failure Patients may have initial symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, abdominal discomfort and sweating.
If this disease is not diagnosed on time, it can be life-threatening.
When considering heart disease, a person’s age, condition, and infection can make a difference in the symptoms of heart disease.
shortness of breath
Patients with heart disease often experience shortness of breath. In this, most patients are more rested while sleeping at night.
what is sex massage and what are the benefits
If you notice this symptom, immediately consult a doctor and get tested. This could be a sign of a serious condition.
Inflammation is common in patients with heart disease. This inflammation is seen not only in one limb or leg but all over the body.
Due to heart failure, patients experience stomach problems. These problems include stomach ulcers, vomiting or abdominal pain.
Patients with heart disease often experience chest pain.


Apex body for glacier management
03, Apr 2023
Prelims level : Disaster Manage Unit Mains level : GS-III Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Why in News?
- A Parliamentary Standing Committee in India has recommended the establishment of an overarching apex body for glacier management in the country.
What are glaciers?
- A glacier is a large, perennial accumulation of crystalline ice, snow, rock, sediment, and often liquid water that originates on land and moves downslope under the influence of its own weight and gravity.
Status of Glaciers:
- Glaciers cover nearly 3% of Earth’s surface and 11% of Earth’s land area
- Source of three large river systems: Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra
- Hindu Kush Himalayan Region is known as the “Water Towers of Asia“
- Himalayan mountains are referred to as the third pole
- India has over 16000 glaciers. E.g Siachen glacier in the Himalayan region.
- The majority of Himalayan glaciers are melting or retreating, which will severely affect flow in Himalayan River systems
- Melting glaciers can cause disasters like Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF), glacier avalanches, etc.
- Melting of glaciers may lead to the shift of tree lines in the Himalayas and may also cause a change in the phonological behaviour of plants.
- Lack of data sharing on hydrological information with neighbouring countries
- Multiple ministries/departments/institutions with different mandates for dealing with Himalayan glaciers
Recommendations by the parliamentary panel:
- Set up a single nodal agency for bringing out synergies among various government departments/ministries involved in glaciological research and monitoring
- Establish regional cooperation for the seamless sharing of hydrological information/data on glacier movement/behaviour
- Create a multi-hazard alert and warning system
- Increase involvement of Himalayan states, planners, scientists, and academicians in devising suitable measures for glacier management


For all of the talk about the disruptive nature of wind and solar on the utility sector, there is another clean energy technology that has already quietly rocked its own industry: light-emitting diodes.
Goldman Sachs recently released 60 charts that show the transformation that’s occurring in the low-carbon economy. The financial institution calls LEDs one of the fastest technology shifts in human history. While wind and solar are challenging the traditional electric generation sector, they have not upended it yet the way LEDs have overtaken the lighting industry. By 2020, LEDs will make up 69 percent of sales and close to 100 percent by 2025, up from nearly nothing in 2010.
The rise of LEDs is no surprise to anyone watching the clean energy industry, but the extent to which the technology is upending traditional, vertically integrated lighting companies is a quiet revolution.
As with both wind and solar, LEDs have been helped along by regulation, including many countries phasing out incandescent light bulbs. But LEDs aren’t just replacing incandescents in homes. LEDs are now price-competitive with compact fluorescent bulbs, and earlier this year GE was the first major lighting manufacturer to announce it would discontinue CFL production altogether.
It won’t be the last. Goldman Sachs estimates that lighting output per unit of electricity could double in the coming decade, which will make the technology an increasingly attractive option in renewable-powered, off-grid applications.
As LEDs transform lighting choices across the world, it’s not just traditional lighting companies that will be disrupted. A recent study found that solar LED lanterns could create approximately 2 million new jobs.
And in developed nations, the accelerating move to LEDs could be one of the most significant, and cheapest, ways to cut energy use as many countries commit to a lower-carbon future.
Lastly, it’s not just the lighting industry that LEDs may disrupt. The ability to network and control LEDs, as well as layer on other sensoring, means that LEDs are poised to become the backbone for everything from a smarter home to smarter cities.


Much research has been done around the implementation and benefits of social and emotional learning. In spite of this good research, the field of SEL lacks a theoretical, rather than outcomes-based, grounding, in particular in ways that extend beyond curriculum-based approaches (Weissberg et al., 2013). There have been calls from within the field of SEL to go deeper into the inner life of children (Lantieri, 2002). In this presentation, we propose a conceptual framework for this deeper form of whole child education by building on Shulman’s (1986; 1987) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) to understand how teachers create awakened classrooms. Awakened classrooms support students’ cognitive development in ways which allow students to use enhanced perception, engage in multiple perspective-taking, and foster discernment (Miller, 2015; 2021). We use the term spirituality as a shorthand for accessing these parts of the brain: spirituality is the innate human capacity to feel interconnected with others and the greater world, rather than any particular beliefs or practices. Based on three years of research which examined how teachers created awakened classrooms (Chapman et al., 2021; Chapman et al., in press), we created a professional development program to design awakened classrooms. Nurturing innate spirituality in the classroom requires the development of a complex, situated form of knowledge that we call Spiritual Pedagogical Content Knowledge (SPCK). This presentation will share this conceptual framework, which aims to understand the complexity and interplay of the three components of an awakened classroom: spirituality, pedagogy, and content.
Amy L. Chapman, Columbia University, United States
This paper is part of the IICE2022 Conference Proceedings (View)
View / Download the full paper in a new tab/window
To cite this article:
Chapman A. (2022) Awakened Schools: A Theoretical Framework for Engaging Students’ Interconnectedness ISSN: 2189-1036 – The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Hawaii 2022 Official Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.2189-1036.2022.13
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.2189-1036.2022.13
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Dr. Ibrahim bin Atiyaullah Al-Salami, adviser to the historical center of Makkah, has said that the hall
In the year 160 A.H. Al-Mahdi started a comprehensive architecture for Masjid Haram and he also expanded its gallery. For this they brought marble columns from across the sea. The roof of the gallery was made of teak wood. He added the Abbasid floor of the gallery and installed a commemorative plaque on one of its columns with the date of the Abbasid period.
He further said that this gallery remained in its same condition throughout the period from the Abbasid era to the Saudi era. All that was done for it was the restoration and repair of its columns and roof. During the Saudi era, the founder of the kingdom, King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, may God have mercy on him, and his descendants after him, took great care of the Masjid Haram.
He added, "The Saudi gallery was also included in the architectural elements to increase the capacity of the pilgrims and the museum."
He said, "Today, the Saudi gallery consists of four floors: a basement, a lower floor, the first floor and a roof. The Saudi corridor is so wide that two hundred and eighty-seven thousand worshipers can pray in congregation. Every hour." One hundred and seven thousand pilgrims can circumambulate the hall.


The subject of Riddle 15 of the Exeter Book is an animal that lives with its cubs in a burrow where it is hunted by an aggressive intruder. The poem describes how the family escapes through the tunnels of the burrow and how the mother reaches the open; there, she turns on her enemy to strike him with her ‘war-darts’. The proposed solutions to the riddle are usually either ‘badger’ or ‘fox’, whereas the alternative, ‘porcupine’, which was first suggested more than a century ago, has traditionally been rejected on the grounds that the porcupine is not an indigenous species in England.
However, there are several strong arguments in favour of the porcupine. In the Latin tradition, the porcupine occurs not only in the zoological writings of Pliny the Elder and Solinus, but also in the Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, which already provided the Anglo-Latin enigmatists (Aldhelm, Tatwine and Eusebius) with both facts and legends about beasts. Among these is the old belief that the porcupine is able to shoot out its long, sharp quills, especially at dogs pursuing it – just like the animal in Riddle 15. Other details and clues, too, tally with the characteristics of the porcupine, which was said to resemble the hedgehog and, therefore, was known to the Anglo-Saxons as se mara igil (‘the larger hedgehog’).
This paper explores the imaginative language and rhetoric of Riddle 15 and discusses the solutions hitherto proposed in the light of Latin animal riddling and animal lore, both of which informed the Old English riddles of the Exeter Book. In this context, the ‘porcupine’ – though exotic and long refuted – emerges as the most likely solution to Riddle 1


Economics is the study of how individuals, governments, businesses and other organisations make choices that effect the allocation and distribution of scarce resources.
Frequently asked questions
Is it all about money?
Economics is not just about money. It is about weighing different choices or alternatives. Some of those important choices involve money, but most do not. Most of your daily, monthly, or life choices have nothing to do with money, yet they are still the subject of economics.
Money is important, but only as a tool for trade.
Does it matter if I don’t know anything about Economics?
No, we go through the very basics of Economics to start with so you will soon gain knowledge. However, you need to be interested in the world around you, current affairs and how things work. Prices, businesses, inequality, government actions and politics, employment etc.
Do we learn about investment banking?
We learn about financial markets and the banking system and how they function in the economy, but we do not specifically learn about investment banking.
Do I have to be good at Maths?
At least 20% of the course is required to include a quantitative element so a good understanding of Maths is useful but, the skills required at A-Level are all included in the GCSE Mathematics curriculum – percentages, ratio etc.
What are lessons like?
We send out pre-reading notes prior to the lesson so that you have some prior knowledge for the lessons which helps with it being a new subject. We will then go through the notes with you and give you tasks based on those notes. This means you don’t spend your time scribbling down content in the lesson and instead you discuss content and apply it to different tasks and contexts within the economy
Is there any coursework?
No, there will be 3 exams at the end of your A-level.


Public procurement has, in principle, considerable potential to improve the sustainability of food production and consumption both directly and indirectly. The sizeable market share of public meals allows the public sector to drive demand for sustainable products and services and lead by example (see figure). This makes public procurement a key area of focus in sustainability policies like the Sustainable Development Goals, the Farm to Fork Strategy, and the Organic Action Plan, and prompted the creation of specific Green Public Procurement criteria (Sustainability of public meals, Sustainability and food in a policy context).
This figure was taken from the document on the EU’s Green Public Procurement criteria for food, catering services and vending machines. The left side shows the key environmental impacts of the product group food, catering services and vending machines through their life cycle, from production to disposal. On the right side are the approaches included in the GPP criteria to tackle these impacts.
Public procurement for sustainable meals includes offering healthy and tasty food with lower environmental impact, reducing food waste, and raising customers’ awareness of more sustainable eating habits, as well as using eco-labelled chemicals and goods in catering services. It can positively impact sustainability strategies and policies such as climate protection, the circular economy, health and wellbeing, sustainable agriculture, mobility, and economic relations with other countries.
The procurement of public meals can be done at different levels (from purchasing food only to full-service catering) (How does public catering and procurement work?). This has been taken into account in the development of green public procurement criteria so that public procurers can select the criteria based on their procurement needs. The criteria usually follow the sustainability ambitions that are defined at the organisational level (Strategies for Change).
Food supply chains can be very complex and diverse, and the organisation of food provision as well as the procurement models vary considerably (How does public catering and procurement work?). This needs to be taken into account when planning and executing the procurement of public meals.
The tools in this gateway mainly offer guidance in terms of procurement criteria which suggest which kind of products to procure. These criteria work in alignment with Green Public Procurement criteria. Some tools are meant to support procurement officers in setting up tenders more easily or finding potential suppliers; others are more strategic tools to transform public food procurement itself.


Yellowstone National Park is Warming at Most Intense Rates in Thousand Years
The world is warming up at a worrying pace, threatening the existence of various ecosystems and their inhabitants. Unfortunately and unsurprisingly, the world’s first national park, Yellowstone is warming at the most intense rates in at least 1,250 years, as a study has discovered.
The research, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, revealed that summers in the nation’s first and oldest national park are rapidly heating up. 2016 was the warmest year the region had seen since 770!
The study used data from tree rings to reconstruct over a millennium of summer temperatures in the Yellowstone region. Tree rings can help provide an array of information about the climate and weather conditions a tree has experienced over the course of its lifetime.
Led by Karen Heeter at the University of Idaho in Moscow, the researchers gathered samples from both living and fossilized Engelmann spruce trees in northwest Wyoming, including trees within Yellowstone National Park and in the neighboring Shoshone National Forest.
The samples helped scientists create a timeline of the Yellowstone climate, emphasizing August temperatures – the hottest time of the year.
Researchers used a special kind of analysis known as “blue intensity,” a fairly new method that measures the amount of blue light reflected from tree rings. It helps determine the density of the tree rings, a characteristic that is closely associated with the summer temperatures the tree experienced while it was alive.
According to scientists, it is one of the few tree-ring records in North America dating back so far. Yellowstone has had its ups and downs over the past millennium, including warming and cooling periods. However recent human-induced climate change has taken an unprecedented toll. The region’s most intense warming has occurred since 2000.
Scientists have warned that continued climate change in the Yellowstone region and across the western United States could amplify the likelihood of severe droughts and the risk of large wildfires.
The current rate of warming raises concerns that the park might already be on track for drastic changes in the coming decades. It has become imperative to take urgent actions to halt global warming to protect this precious ecosystem and all the others from impending doom.


Australian Journal of Teacher Education
Language-as-Resource: Language strategies used by New Zealand teachers working in an international multilingual setting
Research indicates that teachers can face challenges in knowing how to support language learners because they often have minimal training in teaching language learners in mainstream contexts (Martin, 2004; Sharma et al., 2011) and may consider language learners using their home language as detrimental to their learning (Franken & McComish, 2003; Mady & Garbarti, 2014; Planas & Setati-Phakeng, 2014; Winsor, 2007). In this article seven volunteer New Zealand teacher participants in a programme to support teachers with no formal teacher education in India are interviewed concerning the strategies used and observed with Indian colleagues when delivering a teacher support programme. The New Zealand teacher participants’ reflections evidenced an awareness of the affordances, complexities, and limitations of translation in a multilingual educational setting where the medium of instruction is not the home language of class members. The teachers reported using and observing a range of strategies used to maximise communication in the multilingual setting, including translation, encouraging the use of home languages, using code switching, as well as using paralinguistic cues. Future research concerning the Indian teachers’ perceptions of these strategies is suggested.
Daly, Nicola and Sharma, Sashi
"Language-as-Resource: Language strategies used by New Zealand teachers working in an international multilingual setting,"
Australian Journal of Teacher Education: Vol. 43
, Article 2.
Available at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol43/iss8/2
Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons


August 20, 2019
4:00 pm - 6:00 pm
Have you ever wondered what types of turtles are native to Ohio? Did you know that some live right in your backyard?
Some have spots, some have red eyes, some live in water, and some live on land! Few of them can be pets but not at all of them. So if you want to learn more then come join us for some “Turtle Talk” on August 20, 2019 from 4 – 6 pm at the Watershed Stewardship Center. We will have presentations by amazing organizations working to study and help protect these species throughout Ohio. If you want to learn more about how you can help protect our slow and steady friends, turtles, then come join us!
Presenter Matt Cross, Conservation Biologist with the Toledo Zoo, will be speaking more about his work with Box turtles and Blanding’s turtles. Presenter Stephanie White, Curator with the Greater Cleveland Aquarium, will be speaking more about her work with Spotted Turtles and the Aquarium’s mission to restore their population. Presenter Paul Pira, Wildlife Biologist with Geauga Park District, will be speaking more about his work with not only Spotted turtles but other turtles of Ohio!
Kids crafts and activities will be available, and also a chance to meet one of our turtle friends face to face!


Paris Agreement, Article 2: Aims Objectives and Principles
28 Pages Posted: 5 Feb 2020 Last revised: 24 Mar 2020
Date Written: February 3, 2020
This chapter provides a critical commentary of Article 2 of the Paris Agreement. Article 2 is the key provision of the much-lauded Paris Agreement, setting its key ‘target temperature’ – “well below 2°C” – and giving a novel degree of prominent to climate adaptation and finance. Although ostensibly focusing on its aims, objectives and principles, the paper argues that Article 2 is also the product of questionable compromises that may well undermine the core objectives of the entire climate regime. The language of Article has made more challenging the task of enforcing climate law, and distorted the concept of differentiation. These weaknesses, now hardwired into the international framework for climate action, create a legal void into which national and regional processes of constitutionalism must now step. The paper sets out a framework for the creation of credible commitments in national law, and their attainment. It remains to be seen whether systems of constitutional law can bear this weight placed upon them by an inadequate international regime.
NB: The paper also addresses the implications of the UK Plan B/Heathrow airport decision
Keywords: Paris Agreement, Article 2, Temperature Target, Adaptation, Finance, Differentiation, Credible Commitments, Climate Constitutionalism
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


what is stress relieving?
When components are processed thermally or mechanically, tensions arise in the material, for example when irregular cooling occurs after hardening. These tensions can be released during further processing of the material and lead to distortion. In order to prevent this, the stresses are significantly reduced during stress relief annealing. This is a special method of annealing, whereby the basic properties of the material are not changed.
The internal stresses in the material can only be reduced by plastic deformations in the micro range. Thus, during annealing, the yield point and the maximum tensile strength for the time of heating are reduced, whereby the stresses can then be reduced up to the set yield point. For steel the temperature of the process is between 500 and 650°C and the heating and cooling is conducted in a very slow manner. This is the only way to prevent cracks or new stresses in the material. The time at temperature for the material is between approximately 60 minutes and several hours. Another advantage of this method is that at these temperatures there is no decarburization or scale formation.
fields of application
As the name implies, the purpose of Stress Relieving is to remove internal residual stresses from steels. The stresses may have come from the steel making mills, machining, forming, welding or even former hardening processes with irregular cooling. If residual stresses are not removed prior to final hardening, distortion may occur, whilst if stresses are left in components before they go into service, then premature failures can result, as well as more subtle movement causing the parts to go out of tolerance.
Typical parts that benefit from stress relieving are large and complex welded assemblies, castings with a lot of machining, parts with tight dimensional tolerances and machined parts that have had a lot of stock removal or rapid stock removal.
Any questions? Contact us directly or select a process location near you.


By 2050, more than 3,500 structures on Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket may be impacted by storm flooding, and nearly 800 structures lost to erosion, according to The Trustees 2nd annual State of the Coast report.
“The impacts of flooding and erosion on these beloved Islands will affect thousands who live and work there, and the thousands more who visit each summer,” says Tom O’Shea, Trustees Managing Director of Resources and Planning. “To put this into perspective: today’s storm is tomorrow’s high tide. The storm surge from Winter Storm Riley in March 2018 produced a water level on Martha’s Vineyard that is roughly equivalent to the average height of the highest tide projected for 2050.”
The 44-page report highlights the climate change-driven impacts of sea level rise and storm flooding faced by Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket, and Gosnold (Elizabeth Islands). These include impacts to beaches, salt marsh, developed areas like harbors and business districts, coastal banks, and habitats in Aquinnah, Chilmark, Edgartown, Gosnold, Nantucket, Oak Bluffs, Tisbury, and West Tisbury.
Download the report by clicking the image to the left, or explore the digital version of the report for interactive maps and additional data.


Did you know?
The Passionists arrived in Baltimore, Maryland in 1865. By 1868 they had built a monastery three miles west of downtown on the well-traveled thoroughfare heading west to Frederick, Maryland. In 1874 the area around the monastery became known as Irvington. One of the most fascinating documents from that era is The Record of Deaths within the district attended from the Monastery. Commencing with the year 1873. Prior to which time no regular record has been kept.
Listed, irregularly, until 1888 are approximately 150 names of individuals to whom the Passionists ministered at the time of their death. Each entry identifies Name & Surname, Residence, Date of death, Age, Sickness, Burial Place, Day of Burial, Whether or not the person received the sacraments; and Remarks. The data shows the racism of the day noting Black Catholics as “colored.” Medical historians might be interested to know about the various causes of death. Historians of cemeteries might want to go and see if they can find the graves of the individuals buried at St. Agnes Cemetery, Loudon Park, Old and New Cathedral Cemetery, and St. Peter’s Cemetery.
In time, the hope is that this information will be published in a small booklet and sold to the public for a modest price in order to offset the expenses of the Passionist Historical Archives in its service to researchers.


Atlantic Sturgeon Overview
Biologists with VCU's Rice Rivers Center have been studying the Atlantic Sturgeon since 2007 and the information developed will aid in the recovery of this iconic James River species.
- Like salmon on the Pacific coast, Atlantic sturgeon roam the open oceans as adults and return to their birth-river to spawn and access a safe nursery environment for their young.
- Sturgeon require well-oxygenated water and a clean, hard river bottom to thrive; as such, they are idea “indicator species” to gauge the success of restoration efforts for the river and Chesapeake Bay.
- Sturgeon are covered by hard, bony plates called scutes that, together with their larger size, give the fish a prehistoric appearance. Sturgeon have been around a long time, but not quite so long as the dinosaurs.
Atlantic Sturgeon in the James River
Atlantic sturgeon are the largest and longest-lived residents of the James River, historically growing to 14 feet and living to perhaps 60 years. Sturgeon were culturally important to local Native American groups and saved the struggling Jamestown colony during the "starving time" of 1610. Throughout the 19th century, James River sturgeon supported a major commercial fishery for eggs (caviar) and flesh, which were considered delicacies in cities like New York and Boston.
Centuries of overfishing, habitat alteration and pollution have eradicated this “founding fish” from many Chesapeake Bay tributaries. In Virginia, small but viable populations of Atlantic sturgeon persist in several rivers, including the James, and the species is now listed as federally endangered through most of its historic range. As a consequence of the species’ long decline and current rarity, biologists understand very little about sturgeon behavior, ecology or life history.


Features of the Design – Obverse
- The Lion of Judah
- Hidden below the right ear in Hebrew script is the word ‘YHWH’ (יהוה).
Thy name is ointment poured forth (Song of Solomon 1:3)
- Each Gold Talent carries the anointing of God’s name.
- Twelve Stars – ‘DOMINION’ means The Sovereign Government of God is here NOW. He is taking DOMINION.
- The light is shining out of the Lion forming the cross on his crown.
Features of the Design – Reverse
- Map of the World – The kingdoms of this world are become the Kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and He shall reign for ever and ever (Rev. 11:15 KJV).
- The meandering river flowing to the sea.
For the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea (Hab 2:14 KJV).
Then he said to me: “This water flows toward the eastern region, goes down into the valley, and enters the sea. When it reaches the sea, its waters are healed.” And it shall be that every living thing that moves, wherever the rivers go, will live. There will be a great multitude of fish, because these waters go there; for they will be healed, and everything will live where the river goes (Eze 47:8-9 NKJ).
- The word ‘VICTORY,’ and the image of the olive branch. It is finished, we have victory and peace.
- The bright and shining sun rising, with the words, “The Light of the World.”


Examples of good practices - Students of hotel and tourism - Jelena Kovačević
Updated: Feb 14, 2022
My name is Jelena Kovačević, I work at a vocational high school in Croatia, the School of Economics Požega where I teach English as a foreign language. Our school is the only business secondary school in the region and teaches and trains students in the areas of economics, commerce, hotel and tourism industry, administrative officers and sales.
Here I would like to present what I did with my students from the department of hotel and tourism and how they learnt about jobs in tourism, practiced hotel dialogues, wrote business letters, created hotel brochures but also learnt about, and used various ICT.
The lesson started with matching the jobs in tourism with the responsibilities and students also needed to answer several questions about the job they would like to get in the future.
For this task I prepared a worksheet in Liveworksheets.
Students then created posters in Canva about the jobs in the
tourism industry following the given instructions.
Then they uploaded their work and/or arranged the pages in Book Creator to create a joint book.
Students were then presented with a check-in dialogue example and they had to organise the sentences in Learning Apps.
Afterwards they were offered dialogue cards and they roleplayed check-in conversations in their classrooms (unfortunately, I do not have the recordings).
After the check-in, the Ss watched a video and talked about hotel complaints and the best ways to deal with the guests’ complaints in a polite and efficient manner.
They were divided into pairs and given dialogue cards. They needed to record their dialogues. I presented and offered several ICT. They used MS Teams, Plotagon and Inshot.
Then they uploaded their recordings onto the Pearlesstrees platform.
Then it was time to address hotel correspondence. Having learnt the rules of writing business letters, the students wrote their replies and posted them in Padlet.
Finally, students created hotel brochures using MS Publisher, Canva or PowerPoint and presented their hotels in the classroom.
They uploaded their brochures on Padlet.


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Common names: Cabbage Maggot
Scientific name: Hylemya brassicae
Region: This fly is found throughout the western United States.
Life cycle: This insect produces two to three generations each year and overwinters in the soil as a pupa.
Physical Description: This 1/4 inch long fly is gray with black stripes on its thorax and resembles an ordinary housefly. The eggs are white and are laid on plants that are near the surface of the soil. The larva is also white and is 1/4 inch long with blunt shaped rear ends.
Feeding characteristics: This pest will attack cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, radish, and turnip plants. The attack stems just below the soil surface making brown tunnels, causing the plants to wilt and develop bacterial or fungal diseases like Soft-Rot and black leg.
Controls: You can protect your plants by placing a piece of tarpaper on the ground around the stems or cover with screening. Dust with Diatomaceous earth, Rock Phosphate, or a mixture of lime and wood ashes.
Some maggots will fall prey to Rove Beetles.
Return from Cabbage Maggot to Insects A-D Encyclopedia of Garden Insects
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TIME for Kids featured this story about a team of North Dakota middle school students who used App Inventor to create an app to encourage more recycling in their community. The students were finalists in the 2013 Verizon Innovative App Challenge. Their Recycling Bin app promotes recycling by providing users with an easily searchable map of recycling centers in the area. It allows these users to save their favorite locations and set reminders to recycle on their device.
These students from STEM Center Middle School, in West Fargo, North Dakota entered the challenge as part of a school project. The challenge is sponsored by the Verizon Foundation as a promotion for STEM fields. Teams from across the country submitted app ideas and 10 teams were selected were selected to receive Samsung tablets, a school grant, and a workshop on how to build apps with App Inventor from a member of our MIT App Inventor Training Corps.A screenshot of the winning Recycling Bin app
In June, the free Recycling Bin app launched in the Google Play app store for Android devices.
Here is a screenshot of the article on the tablet edition of TIME for Kids:
Check out the original article on the TIME For Kids website.
This article and photos were originally produced for TIME For Kids and are reprinted with permission from their website, http://www.timeforkids.com/


How to Remove Ants From Your Garden
Besides providing the essential role of pollination, ants also play an important role in garden ecosystems. In fact, some ants are actually beneficial to the garden. They help to control other insects and reduce the number of smaller pests. Besides, ants can help the growth of honeydew, a sticky substance that aphids produce.
Some people prefer to have ant-free gardens. But the truth is that ants are an important part of the garden ecosystem, and they can also be harmful. Moreover, ants have been around for hundreds of millions of years. This fact makes them highly resilient. They can even survive extinction events.
Among the types of ants, farm ants are known for their sting. Besides, they are also known for damaging property. This is why they are often seen in large numbers. If you notice them in your garden, you might consider removing them.
One of the most effective methods for removing ants is insecticidal soap. You can prepare a solution with a teaspoon of liquid dish soap and a pint of warm water. After that, you can sprinkle it around the garden.
Another method is to use borax. This compound is found in household products such as soap and toothpaste. It is extremely toxic to ants when ingested. So, you should use caution when using it.
Another effective method is to use insecticides. There are several kinds of insecticides that can be used to remove ants. You should check the label carefully before using them.


How to slash energy bills and cut CO2 emissions
Housing across the UK accounts for 27% of the country’s CO2 emissions, but this figure will have to be further pushed down in order to attain the target of 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050.
In order to do so, home owners will have to put in specific measures designed to make their heating systems more energy efficient, while also better insulating their homes.
Knowsley Housing Trust gives a few noteworthy examples of immediate and effective measures that could be implemented in order to reduce emissions and cut energy bills. The trust has undertaken over the last 10 years to push properties up to the Decent Homes Standards has contributed to a 54% carbon reduction across housing and has also helped tenants save £8.2m in energy bills.
Measures implemented by the team include improving the insulation and airtightness of the properties, which deliver huge social and environmental benefits. It is possible to achieve huge carbon reduction levels in housing, helping people to live comfortably while reducing their energy bills.
The HeatSave thermostatic radiator valves represent some of the easiest to install and most cost-effective energy-saving measures out there, as they enable users to set specific functioning times for each valve, and, since radiators are individually controlled, home owners are fully capable to maximise the zoning potential and reduce energy consumption in those areas that are not used for longer periods of time (as for example, dining or sitting rooms and kitchens during the night, etc.).
Additionally, the HeatSave wireless thermostatic radiator valves also provide an automatic exercising feature when unused for 7 days, whose purpose is to minimise seizing of radiator valves in warmer months.
All in all, the HeatSave TRVs enable users to achieve some pretty impressive savings, as they will help reduce your heating bills by up to 30%, especially when coupled with the HeatingSave Building Energy Management System.
If you want to find out more about the HeatSave wireless thermostatic radiator valves, our dedicated team is eagerly waiting to answer all of your questions.


Causes of Floaters and Flashes
As you reach middle age, you may start to notice floaters and flashes crossing your vision more frequently than they did before. These are caused by tiny clumps of protein tissue or cells that cast shadows within your eye’s vitreous layer. Floaters and flashes usually appear when you are staring at a plain background – such as the sky or a wall – and may take the form of:
- Small specks, clouds, or strands
- Flashing lights
- “Lightning” streaks
Floaters and flashes are most often caused by a condition called vitreous detachment. Over the years, the vitreous gel within your eye slowly shrinks, causing the fine fibers that are attached to the surface of your retina to pull on its surface. Vitreous detachment is most common in people who:
- Have myopia
- Have suffered an eye injury
- Have undergone cataract surgery
If you are diagnosed with vitreous detachment, Dr. Brooks will monitor your condition to ensure that retinal detachment does not occur in the future. If you suddenly experience a major increase in the size and amount of floaters and flashes, or if a shadow appears in your periphery vision, call us immediately. You may be at risk of retinal detachment, which can quickly lead to complete vision loss if it is not treated.
Contact Brooks Eye Associates today or call (972) 736-9347 if you are experiencing floaters and/or flashes. Dr. Brooks serves patients in Plano, Frisco, and throughout Dallas, Texas.


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What is Digital Citizenship?
Merriam-Webster defines citizenship as “the qualities that a person is expected to have as a responsible member of a community”. Digital Citizenship, then, may refer to the qualities that a person is expected to have as a responsible member of a digital community. At NRCA, we seek to educate students to become productive, responsible citizens in the digital world by encouraging them to think critically, behave appropriately, evaluate sources responsibly, and protect themselves from possible threats that may exist in a digital society. In an effort to start the year off right, September is known as Digital Citizenship Month here at NRCA. All students, K-12, will receive weekly lessons on becoming responsible digital citizens. Common Sense Media provides a nationally recognized K-12 Digital Literacy and Citizenship curriculum presented in an age-appropriate way. The lessons cover eight general categories: Internet Safety, Privacy & Security, Relationships & Communication, Cyberbullying, Digital Footprint & Reputation, Self-Image & Identity, Information Literacy, and Creative Credit & Copyright. The lessons are taught by our Bible teachers and integrate Biblical values while leading the student to a better understanding of the moral and spiritual significance of being a good digital citizen. Students in grades 4th through 12th will use the accompanying Common Sense Media iBook Links to each of these books can be found on the Digital Textbooks page. The complete Common Sense Media curriculum can be found here. Additionally, during the month of September, several of the weekly Middle and High School chapels are dedicated to speaking on the attributes of a responsible Christian digital citizen. For more information on the Common Sense Media curriculum, go to commonsensemedia.org or follow the link below.
Common Sense Media – Here you can find app, book, and movie reviews. Each review shows details about inappropriate language, violence, positive messages, educational value, etc.
Digital Citizenship Advice via Common Sense Media
Printable Family Media Agreement


How many pond in 1 troy ounce? The answer is 0.0622069536. We assume you are converting between pond [Dutch] and troy ounce. You can view more details on each measurement unit: pond or troy ounce The SI base unit for mass is the kilogram. 1 kilogram is equal to 2 pond, or 32.150746568628 troy ounce. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. Use this page to learn how to convert between pond [Dutch] and troy ounces. Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units!
1 pond to troy ounce = 16.07537 troy ounce
2 pond to troy ounce = 32.15075 troy ounce
3 pond to troy ounce = 48.22612 troy ounce
4 pond to troy ounce = 64.30149 troy ounce
5 pond to troy ounce = 80.37687 troy ounce
6 pond to troy ounce = 96.45224 troy ounce
7 pond to troy ounce = 112.52761 troy ounce
8 pond to troy ounce = 128.60299 troy ounce
9 pond to troy ounce = 144.67836 troy ounce
10 pond to troy ounce = 160.75373 troy ounce
You can do the reverse unit conversion from troy ounce to pond, or enter any two units below:
ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more!