Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Stray dogs and cats contribute to serious health problems in human societies around the world. Before any necessary interventions to control the stray dogs and cats, an accurate estimate of their populations should be attained. Yet, there is a very limited number of methods for an estimation. Some of them depend on the identification of marked or counted animals. However, problems arise when it is not possible to identify a previously captured animal. In this paper, we used a different approach to estimate the lower bound for the total number of dogs and cats in consecutively visited settlements that might be useful for future studies internationally. It was estimated that there were 17,839 (95% CI: 14,862-20,816) stray dogs and 10,191 (95% CI: 8439-11,942) stray cats in Ankara, Turkey. The results highlight the need for a science-based policy to control and manage the stray dog and cat populations in Ankara.
Stray cat, stray dog, identification probability, population estimation
ÖZEN, DOĞUKAN; BÖHNING, DANKMAR; and GÜRCAN, İSMAYİL SAFA
"Estimation of stray dog and cat populations in metropolitan Ankara, Turkey,"
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences: Vol. 40:
1, Article 2.
Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/vol40/iss1/2


What Does Standards-Based System Mean?
A standards-based system refers to the common use of computer operating systems by a variety of organizations and users who may or may not have common interests. More often than not, standards-based systems are used within businesses and organizations. These systems are uniform in their operations and can prove cost effective because they are non-proprietary.
Governments are definitely the biggest consumers of operating systems and IT, so they have a lot of say in the direction in which IT is moving. For suppliers, however, a uniform standard of operating is perturbing since many make their money by locking in consumers to particular types of systems that are purposely made to be different from other systems.
Techopedia Explains Standards-Based System
Unix is an example of a standards-based system platform. It is one that governments and businesses alike depend upon. The single Unix specification was derived from analyzing business systems and applications. Currently, all major systems’ vendors incorporated products, labeled UNIX 95, ensure that the product corresponds to a single Unix specification. A single consensus standard is what makes Unix 95 so usable. While major vendors are always adding to Unix 95, that value will always be built on a single operating standard.
Because Unix is not proprietary, its software and systems can easily be built to public standards. Operability, reliability and scalability are vital in business today. Standards-based systems provide each of these important qualities.
Standards-based systems are also based on client/server architecture, where the two areas are interoperable and relevant to specific business needs. With standards-based systems, time wasting and random developments of systems are not necessary since the point isn’t to make systems new and different. Rather, systems are built upon basic standards that can be easily and widely used. Standards-based systems bring reliability, low price, robustness and uniform operational features to the table.


Researchers Develop Automated Method to Identify Fish Calls Underwater
An Oregon State University research team and collaborators have developed an automated method that can accurately identify calls from a family of fishes.
The method takes advantage of data collected by underwater microphones known as hydrophones and provides an efficient and inexpensive way to understand changes in the marine environment due to climate change and other human-caused influences, said researchers from Oregon State’s Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resource Studies.
The findings were published in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series.
Hydrophones are increasingly being deployed in the world’s oceans. They offer advantages over other types of monitoring because they work at night, in low-visibility conditions and over long periods of time. But techniques to efficiently analyze data from hydrophones are not well developed.
This new research led by Jill Munger when she was an undergraduate student, begins to change that. Munger came to Oregon State having worked more than 20 years in the corporate world.
An avid scuba diver, she wanted to study the ocean. She received a fellowship from CIMERS to research underwater acoustics with Joe Haxel, who at the time was at the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport working with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Pacific Marine Environmental Lab’s acoustic program.
READ MORE at ecomagazine.com


Introduction to the Mystery of Christ for Advent and Christmas
Advent is a time when we recall the Son of God becoming man for us, and we prepare ourselves for his second coming in glory. It is a time for active expectation, desire, prayer, communication, and joy.
Christmas is a time for joy and contemplation of the mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God. We witness the first manifestations of his efforts to save us. We also think of Mary, the Mother of God, during this season.
In the method of prayer proposed by the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius, contemplation of the mysteries of Christ’s life plays a central role. That is why, in addition to prayerful reading, we highlight what is called Ignatian contemplation on the Infancy Narratives of the gospels.
Click here for further instructions
Text for each day
JOURNEYING TOWARD AN ENCOUNTER WITH THE LORD WHO COMES
PREPARE YOURSELF FOR THE LORD’S COMING
REJOICE, BECAUSE THE LORD IS NEAR!
THE MYSTERY OF GOD BURSTS INTO OUR LIFE
THE LORD'S HAND WAS UPON HIM
THE MANIFESTATION OF GOD IN JESUS CHRIST


Practical Life Activities provide a wide range of materials to help children refine their senses and increase the quality of information they perceive from the world around them, aiding their understanding and appreciation of it. Familiar tasks such as pouring, washing, ironing, buttoning, using tools and arranging flowers encourage independence, mindfulness, patience and a sense of responsibility and accomplishment in caring for their environment.
Sensorial Activities use a wide range of materials to help children refine their senses and become aware of the information conveyed by them. Children delight in exploring the physical properties of their environment, by touching, seeing, smelling, tasting and listening. Their senses help them order and classify impressions, encouraging imagination and creative self-expression.
Language Skills develop in a way that helps children cultivate confidence and creativity. Children continually experience the many ways in which language is used on the spoken level through adult led activities. As children learn the sounds and structure of language and begin writing and reading, they have these experiences of spoken language guiding their success, aiding their development as confident and successful speakers, writers and readers.
Math encourages children to discover mathematical relationships by working with concrete materials such as rods, cubes and geometric solids. Sorting, categorizing and sequencing these objects provide a means to understanding mathematical concepts, encouraging enthusiastic curiosity for the world of numbers.
Geography and Social Studies open doors to other places and cultures. Through song and dance, stories, art, food and investigating this earth we call home, children broaden their horizons and develop a sense of community with all people.
Nature Study brings about a sense of interconnectedness with the world and its many inhabitants. Our landscape is our outdoor classroom, and children explore its varied ecosystems outdoors and by bringing it into the classroom. From discovering butterflies in the field to learning about their lifecycle, learning about the world we live in encourages a sense of environmental stewardship. Our natural playground, vegetable gardens and flowerbeds allow for lots of active exploration.
Art, Music, Imaginative Play and Food Preparation are all part of daily life at Frog Song, offering education for the heart and mind. These activities allow children to connect with their thoughts and feelings, and provide a means for self-expression. Through the creative process, a child develops confidence and a sense of accomplishment. Collaborating with classmates fosters social skills, respect for others and a vibrant sense of community.


By Fredrica Syren:
In a world where consumers want more for less money, it’s no wonder that businesses and producers feel that the way to make more money is by taking short cuts. The meat, egg, chicken and fish industries are no different: in their quest to produce more volume at a faster rate, businesses rely on the regular misuse of hormones and antibiotics.
The animals also live in very small and unsanitary areas, causing disease outbreaks. To prevent this and to keep slaughter animals alive long enough to combat disease, the animals are regularly fed low doses of antibiotics. All these medications cause great damage to our ecosystem and to our bodies. So, when we demand cheap food, we also allow these practices to continue. Our environment and these animals pay the price for our cheap food. In the U.S alone, for example, 80% of all antibiotics produced are used on healthy animals raised for food to make them grow faster and as a precaution against the spread of diseases due to the unsanitary industrial farms.
The misuse of antibiotics in meat comes with a heavy price — dangerous superbugs resistant to antibiotics used by humans. Sadly, antibiotic resistant infections kill hundreds of thousands of people around the world each year. Antibiotic contaminated meats such as chicken, turkey, farmed fish and seafood, pork, beef and lamb put our children and ourselves at risk. It’s estimated that about 50,000 die each year in the U.S. due to antibiotic resistant infections. We’re now facing a future when antibiotics no longer will be as effective, so routine procedures like C-sections, hip replacements or any other surgeries will come with a huge risk of antibiotic resistant infections. A new British study warns that unless we get the antibiotics misuse under control by 2050, 10 million people a year might die because of resistance to antibiotics. What once was considered a miracle drug has gotten a bad reputation because of its misuse in agriculture.
It’s a very sad truth that cheap food does come with a heavy price; you just might not know about it. We can’t keep expecting our food to get cheaper and cheaper when everything else is becoming more expensive.
Here is a link to a trailer for the documentary Resistance, which covers the antibiotic resistance issue. I highly recommend that you watch it and learn more about why agricultural misuse of antibiotics is so harmful.


The COVID-19 pandemic is hitting the world’s most vulnerable people the hardest – particularly the ones living in informal settlements. More than 60% of people in Nairobi reside in such areas, which are densely populated, with overcrowded public transport systems, little or no waste management, an absence of basic services and poor housing. In Kenya, the economic consequences for those in informal settlements will be long-lasting. As daily activities are suspended and movement is restricted, day laborers and those in informal employment are losing their income.
UN-Habitat has worked with local youth and artists in Kenya to develop key messages on COVID-19, such as on washing hands, ensuring physical distance or wearing a mask. Through graffiti art on walls, these key messages are now providing important information on safety and behavior precautions in public transport, or when moving around the city on a bicycle or motorcycle. The artwork will be helpful for the masses in informal settlements, especially for those that are less digitally connected to TV or radio channels. Christopher Njoroge from the Runda Youth Sports Association, one of the local NGO partners, appreciates the support of UN-Habitat in his settlement. “This is actually the first graffiti in the history of Githogoro and what I am seeing here is that many people will be educated and many people will be able to be reached, they are illiterate and they are able to see the message and they are able to relate to it” – he said.
Besides raising awareness on COVID-19 and educating the public, the project is also empowering young artists by providing them with an opportunity in a time where many might have lost their jobs and regular incomes.
UN-Habitat, a partner of the Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative (TUMI), will continue working with communities and local governments in the fight against COVID-19 and beyond. “We hope that cities can utilize COVID-19 as an opportunity to reflect on their urban development patterns and mobility systems – and to build back better, more resilient and more sustainable cities post COVID-19” said Stefanie Holzwarth, Urban Mobility, UN-Habitat. “Cities have to be prepared for future environmental and health hazards” – she added.


Given the reputation of Scotsmen as being careful with their money we might look to Scotland for the origin of 'scot free'. Wrong again.
'Skat' is a Scandinavian word for tax or payment and the word migrated to Britain as early as the 10th century, then mutated into 'scot' as the name of a redistributive taxation. The term is a contraction of 'scot and lot'. Scot was the tax and lot, or allotment, was the share given to the poor.
Scot as a term for tax has been used since then to mean many different types of tax. Whatever the tax, the phrase 'scot free' simply refers to not paying one's taxes..
An example of the current commonly used form, i.e. 'scot free', comes a few years later, in Robert Greene's Pandosto: or, The Historie of Dorastus and Fawnia, 1588:
An early use of the figurative version of the phrase is found John Mapley's Green Forest, 1567:
"Daniell scaped scotchfree by Gods prouidence."
It presently has a wider use of meaning not being punished for something that you have done."These and the like considerations something daunted Pandosto his courage, so that hee was content rather to put up a manifest injurie with peace, then hunt after revenge, dishonor and losse; determining since Egistus had escaped scot-free, that Bellaria should pay for all at an unreasonable price."
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The VDR receptor is a protein found on neurons, glia and glioma cells. It was initially discovered in 1974 and has seeing that undergone comprehensive characterization. Their cloning generated key information into its composition and function. The VDR protein includes three different regions: a great N-terminal dual zinc finger GENETICS binding domains, a C-terminal ligand-binding activity domain, and an extensive unstructured region.
A VDR system must keep web link continuous records of pre-selected data items during playback. It method must ensure that all of the items are correlated in time and date during playback. It will also have functions that permit a performance test in the system, that can be conducted employing playback equipment. This kind of performance test out can help make certain that all expected data items have been noted.
Vitamin D receptors are crucial for maintaining the total amount of mineral deposits in the body. They control calcium mineral absorption and promote the growth of curly hair and pores and skin. Vitamin D likewise promotes brain health and boosts dopamine creation. It also plays a role in the dangerous calcium and phosphate inside the blood. This kind of receptor is present within the transcription equipment of cellular material. It is associated with regulating the absorption of calcium from the belly.
Vitamin D pain happen to be members of this nuclear receptor superfamily and play a central part in the neurological actions of vitamin D. These types of proteins control the expression of genes associated with calcium/phosphate homeostasis, cellular growth, and immune response. These receptors have been completely found in a large number of organs and tissues, and lots of cell types have been identified as target bodily organs for nutritional Deb. This assessment examines the cell type and tissue-specific distribution of VDR within the body.


Preventing Athletic Injuries
-For Grades 7-12
-DVD + Printable Teaching Guide
This program fully explores the most common injuries in school sports and how they can be prevented by stretching and warm-up exercises, developing a strong core, using the right safety gear the right way, proper nutrition and dealing with injuries once they occur.
While focusing on the personal stories of four young athletes (two males and two females), the program fully explores the most common injuries in school sports and how they can be prevented. Commentary by Dr. Laura Miele of the Sports Injury Prevention Center in Hartford focuses on these key principles: the importance of stretching and warm-up exercises, developing a strong core, using the right safety gear the right way, proper nutrition and dealing with injuries once they occur. After watching this video and reading the accompanying print materials, students will understand the importance of preventing injuries in any type of athletic pursuit and learn some basic practices they can follow to keep themselves injury-free.
Includes: 21-minute video, printable teacher’s resource book, and student handouts with pre/post tests.
Sample Video Clip:
The stories of three teen athletes who are recovering from sports injuries are interspersed with advice from a sports psychologist and an injury prevention expert. Dr. Laura Miele states that of the six million sports injuries young people incur annually, roughly half could have been avoided. She warns that while many athletes are motivated to play through slight injuries, doing so can lead to chronic injuries and ultimately end a sports career. The seriousness of head injuries is stressed, and the symptoms of concussion are described. The video focuses on how to prevent injuries, and offers some simple guidelines including warming up and cooling down; getting proper rest, nutrition, and hydration; training for one’s sport and cross training to prevent overuse of particular muscles; conditioning and strengthening the core; and wearing proper safety equipment. The athletes are featured conditioning and engaging in their sport, and they discuss their love of the game and the challenges of recovering from injury. This program provides a clear, succinct presentation of why these injury prevention procedures are important and how injuries can impact teen athletes.
– Constance Dickerson, Cleveland Heights-University Heights Public Library, OH
School Library Journal


Cancer refers to any one of many diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably, and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Cancer is often able to spread throughout the body, as well. It’s the second leading cause of death in the United States.
Some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to cancer include:
- Lump or thickening that can be felt under the skin
- Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain
- Skin changes, such as yellowing, darkening, redness, sores that don’t heal, or changes to existing moles/li>
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Persistent cough or trouble breathing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Unexplained bleeding or bruising
Tumors, also known as neoplasms, are abnormal masses of tissue which may be solid or fluid-filled. A tumor does not automatically mean cancer – tumors can be benign (not cancerous), pre-malignant (pre-cancerous), or malignant (cancerous).
There are many different types of tumors and a variety of names for them – their names usually reflect their shape and the kind of tissue they appear in. Put simply, a tumor is a kind of lump or swelling that does not necessarily pose a health threat.
Cancer takes on many forms and can be a very frightening diagnosis. But survival rates are improving for many types of cancer, thanks to improvements in cancer screening and treatment.


Save This Word!
a combining form meaning “gelatinous, glutinous; glue,” used in the formation of compound words: colloblast.
a combining form representing colloid in compound words: collotype.
THINGAMABOB OR THINGUMMY: CAN YOU DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE US AND UK TERMS IN THIS QUIZ?
Do you know the difference between everyday US and UK terminology? Test yourself with this quiz on words that differ across the Atlantic.
Question 1 of 7
In the UK, COTTON CANDY is more commonly known as…
Also especially before a vowel, coll-.
Words nearby collo-
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
How to use collo- in a sentence
Quidam commendant tanquam specificum, ad Anginam filum purpureum cum quo strangulata fuit vipera, si collo circumdetur.
Hugest betraished many menne, and of Collo was he betraied'; ed.Chaucer's Works, Volume 3 (of 7)|Geoffrey Chaucer
La quantita de la uirga o uero longheza sie duno palmo como e quello del collo de la matrice.
They call it collo, from being, like most of their national dances, in a circle.
Phdrus gives us a lively description of the mule carrying the fiscal moneys: clarumque collo jactans tintinnabulum.Shorter Novels, Eighteenth Century|Samuel Johnson


March 8, 2021
On March 04, 2021, Brazil deposited at the United Nations a letter ratifying the Nagoya Protocol (Protocol) on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), signed by the Chief of the Executive Branch, Jair Bolsonaro.
The Brazilian Senate had voted on the text of the Bill of Legislative Decree #324/20 on August 6, 2020, approving the Protocol. The final step is enacting a federal Decree by the President, allowing the treaty to take effect in Brazil, as reported in the Client Alert of August 10, 2020. From now on, Brazil will participate in future deliberations under the Protocol, beginning with the next Conference of the Parties to the CBD.
The Protocol's objective is to enable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and the traditional knowledge associated with them fairly and equitably. The Nagoya Protocol's ratification will bring some legal certainty to users and suppliers of genetic material and may play an important role in the valuation process of Brazilian environmental assets and the development of the bio-economy.
As a result, the Protocol has the potential to eliminate the regulatory asymmetries that currently exist between national and international industries.
For more information on this matter, please e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.org.


In thorium molten slat reactors, china is experimentally undergoing nuclear fission and is eager to initiate testing at a facility in near future.
China is advancing the growth of the world’s first exploratory reactor but it could be a key element in pursuing safe and clean nuclear power. In the coming months, the Chinese government will finish the development in the desert city of Wuwei of an archetype molten salt nuclear reactor with plans to build a number of large scale nuclear power plants in similar environments later on, according to local news reports. In the case of sustainable energy creation, nuclear reactors are clearly in line with the potential to generate power with very miniscule carbon emissions.
But the innovation is not widely used throughout the globe for very rational reasons, many of which derive from the dependence for fuel on uranium and plutonium. Uranium is not only valuable and rare but also it is used for the construction of nuclear arms. These reactors also produce radioactive waste which requires to be safely encrypted, as can be seen in Fukushima in 2011 and carry a major threat of catastrophic accidents. From the 1940’s researchers had explored a solution called molten salt reactors, which guarantees a much safer approach. These reactors use the widespread silvery metal thorium instead of uranium and plutonium, which cannot be used to make explosives conveniently.
These reactors would also be operated in a manner that does not present the same hazards as standard reactors. This is only because thorium dissolves in salt flowing through the reactor at high temperatures instead of solid fuel rods. Liquid salt acts as a cooling system and high-pressure water refreshing systems are not needed and if an emergency arises and fuel becomes exposed to air, it cools and becomes solid quickly. This considerably reduces the potential pollution of the surrounding environment as compared to a mainstream nuclear reactor, which can quickly cloud large area of radioactive material. It is anticipated that the installation will be completed in 2030 of the first commercial reactor.


Heaphy Spur (The name as it would appear in a gazetteer)
Heaphy Spur (The name as it would appear on a map)
If this information is incorrect, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.org
Feature type: Spur
This name originates from New Zealand. It is part of the New Zealand Gazetteer and the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
Names that other countries have for this feature:
A prominent, curved, rock spur, 7.5km long, which descends from the southern side of Clare Range and divides the névé of Victoria Upper Glacier, in Victoria Land. Feature depicted on: NZ AntTopo50-MD08
Mapped by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photography, 1947-62. Named by US-ACAN (1974) after William Heaphy, a New Zealand citizen who, over the past 10 years, participated in the U.S. Antarctic Research Program.
No images of this place could be found.
View fauna, flora or both within 1.0 degree of this location
View New Zealand or international place names within 1.0 degree of this location.


Brunelleschi in Italy, in the building of the dome, not solely remodeled the cathedral and the town of Florence, but also the position and standing of the architect. Seeing architecture as an expression of its culture is the rationale why it’s so essential to protect historical buildings. The University at Buffalo is the only campus in the State College of New York system to supply the accredited skilled master of architecture (MArch) diploma.
Based mostly in Mumbai, the Sir J J School of Artwork conducts a 5-12 months course in Bachelor Of Architecture (B Arch). Many architects resisted modernism , discovering it devoid of the decorative richness of historic types. You additionally visit one other European city in Stage 2 to explore and document architectural design in a foreign country.
A revival of the Classical model in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. By the 1920s an important figures in Trendy architecture had established their reputations.
Our architecture levels are distinctive of their emphasis on city design principles and putting the surroundings into architectural design. Yet, Romanesque and Norman Architecture also blazed new trails by installing a lot taller buildings, resembling castles and cathedrals, which have been the most important buildings in Europe at that point.
In reality, architecture immediately may refer to the activity of designing any sort of system and is often used within the IT world. In line with Vitruvius, the mixture of the three ideas; sturdiness, utility and sweetness, are what in the end outline good architecture.


The First Atlas Map of the State of Coahuila.
Scarce map of the State of Coahuila in Mexico, from Antonio Garcia y Cubas' monumental Atlas Geographico, Estadistico e Historico de la Republica Mexicana, the first atlas of the Mexican Republic.
Garcia Cubas's map is one of the earliest maps of the modern state of Coahuila published in Mexico. The map shows towns, roads, rivers, and topographical features. It shows the state's border with Texas along the Rio Grande, here called the Rio Bravo del Norte, as the river is known in Mexico.
The surrounding text includes a wealth of information regarding Sonora, including History, Climate, Agriculture, Minerals, Livestock, Commerce, Population, and Itineraries.
The towns of Monclova and Saltillo are labeled.
Antonio Garcia y Cubas was Mexico's first great map maker and his work is highly sought after. Only 300 examples of the atlas were reportedly printed and separate maps rarely appear on the market.
This is the first example of this map we have ever offered for sale.
Antonio García y Cubas (1832-1912) was a Mexican geographer, historian, writer, and cartographer. An orphan from a young age, Cubas attended the Colegio de San Gregorio and the Colegio de Ingenieros, where he earned a geography degree. In 1856, he became a member of the Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística.
Cubas wrote several geographic works, including introductory courses to geography, historical atlases, and maps. He is best known for his Atlas Geográfico, Estadístico e Histórico de la República Mexicana (1857), Carta General de México (1863), and Diccionario Geográfico, Histórico y Biográfico de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en cinco volúmenes, editados entre 1888 y 1891. He is also praised for his memoir, El Libro de mis Recuerdos (1905). Today, the best books published in anthropology and history in Mexico are given the Antonio García Cubas prize.


Nature, history and art. The Stelvio National Park covers 65% of the Bormio region. In summer and winter, come and discover the extraordinary historical and artistic heritage contained in these valleys.
The Stelvio National Park is the largest of the original Italian national parks. It was founded in 1935 and occupies an area of 530 km², the same size as the Isle of Man! The centre of the park is the Ortles-Cevedale range of mountains and it extends outwards across parts of Lombardy, South Tyrol and Trentino.
The part in Lombardy, which includes Bormio, is the largest of the three sectors of the park, covering around 60,000 ha.
Explore the park
In both summer and winter, the Stelvio National Park organises a wide range of activities. These initiatives range from conferences run by experts to guided walks, from educational workshops for families at the park’s visitor centres to screenings of documentaries about protected landscapes around the world.
These are a good way to enjoy the beauty of the park, guided by experts, and to get a deeper understanding of the environments in which the plants and animals of the Stelvio National Park live.
Summer hikes in the park
Activities at the botanical garden
Workshops for children and families at the Valfurva visitor centre
Did you know that the mountaintops of the Stelvio National Park were the scene of fierce battles during World War I?
It is known as the White War because it was fought at altitude, above 3000 m, on snow-capped summits. Come and explore the paths where our forefathers fought.


Information About Asbestos
Asbestos is a natural fibrous material mined from serpentine rock. The rock is crushed and fibrous strands of asbestos are extracted from the rock. The strands are then used as ingredients in insulation, ceiling tiles and other materials. Three major types of asbestos used commercially are:
Chrysotile, or white asbestos, has curly fibers and is known as serpentine because it is found in serpentine rocks. This form of asbestos is used predominantly used in products manufactured in the United States. This asbestos is mined mostly in Canada and then shipped to the United States.
Crocidolite, or blue asbestos, has rod like fibers. This form is the least used in the United States.
Amosite has brown rod like fibers belonging to the amphibole group, and contains iron and magnesium.
Items Containing Asbestos
Most insulation materials before the mid-1970s contained asbestos. More than 5,000 products have contained asbestos. A few of the products containing asbestos are:
Cement sheets and pipe products used for roofing and siding, electrical casings, fireproofing spray and materials, building materials and piping.
Asbestos paper products such as table pads, industrial filters, wire insulation and heat protective mats
Friction products such as brakes and clutches
Textile products such as roofing materials, fire-resistant materials
Also included are plastics, artificial ashes and embers, paints, caulking
Shipyards With Asbestos Exposure
- Puget Sound
- Pearl Harbor
- American Shipyard Corp.
- AMFELS, Inc.
- Atlantic Marine Shipyards
- Avondale Industries, Inc.
- Bollinger Shipyards, Inc.
- Colonna’s Shipyard, Inc.
- Cascade General
- Eastern Shipbuilding Group
- Ingalls Shipbuilding
- Halter Marine Group, Inc.
- Honolulu Marine, Inc.
- McDermott Shipbuilding Inc.
- Metro Machine Corporation
- National Steel and Shipbuilding Company
- Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corporation
- Ocean Technical Services, Inc
- Portland Ship Yard
- San Francisco Shipyards


In 1859 Charles Darwin remarked… in On the Origin of Species: “What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and should include the same bones, in the same relative positions?”
Darwin proposed an elegant explanation: these diverse animals share this pattern because they evolved from a common ancestor that possessed limbs with digits.
But the first chapter of that story—the bit where the hand and wrist evolved from bones in the fin of an ancestral fish—has remained murky at best because scientists have lacked sufficiently complete fossils of transitional creatures between fully aquatic fish and land-roving tetrapods.
This past March we unveiled an extraordinary fossil—a complete skeleton of a 375-million-year-old fish, Elpistostege watsoni—that goes a long way toward filling that gap in understanding. The fossil preserves in its fins bones comparable to the ones that make up our fingers, showing that digits evolved before vertebrates left the water. This discovery overturns the conventional wisdom about when and how the hand evolved and shines new light on the rise of tetrapods, a pivotal event in the history of life on earth.


Bauhaus 101, Designed Object, Lecture Performance, in collaboration with Lea Wittich
From Chile to Hong Kong young people are on the streets for democratic, social and environmental rights. The protesters are using methods of cultural production to protest the authorities. They invented symbolic languages to share their concerns with the world or to communicate amongst each other. These can be seen in the usage of hand signs in Hong Kong protest or how Chilean protestors appropriated the indigenous ‘Mapuche’ flag to demonstrate against neoliberalism. The protestors from Hong Kong stood their ground against heavily armed police by using chairs as barricades. These actions use everything that is human as a method to become voices of the people in political conflicts.
Bauhaus is a classic example for ideological endurance in oppressive times. The name fortitudes until this day for one century but can it become a symbol of resistance with contemporary methods for the future? What can Bauhaus contribute to the global protest movements in its year 101? Bauhaus 101 redesigns the Bauhaus classics. How can the iconic designs of Bauhaus empower to fight for democracy?
The collaborative project with Lea Wittich reflects on these questions in a performative lecture with an ashtray, two chairs and two tables. the designs can be provided to the global protesting community via postcards that can be send for free as a 'student-to-student' consignment.


Principle overview of chemical boiling point tester
The temperature at which the condensing tube begins to drop the first drop of liquid is the initial distillation temperature; The temperature when distillation is close to the end is the final distillation temperature, and the difference between the two temperatures is the boiling range
For crystal, the more pure the material, back to its melting range, boiling range is shorter, pure liquid compounds in the distillation process boiling range is very small (0.5~1℃), and the mixture has no fixed boiling point, or the mixture of boiling range is larger, such as gasoline boiling range of 40~150℃. For crystal samples, melting and boiling range can be qualitatively used as the criteria of material purity.
SH6536 automatic distillation range analyzer technical parameters
Temperature range: room temperature ~ +400°C accuracy ±0.1°C.
Temperature sensor: Pt 100 glass probe imported from Germany, built-in temperature correction, reliable detection results.
Heating mode: silicon nitride heating system, maximum heating power 1200 W.
Refrigeration mode: Germany imported Danvers compressor refrigeration.
Liquid level detection: far infrared photoelectric detection.
Display: Embedded 10 inch industrial color touch screen.
The sensor; Import PT1000
Temperature correction: automatic correction, programmable correction.
Data store: 100 sets of test results.
Power supply: AC220V 50Hz.
Maximum power: 1500 W
Ambient temperature: 10 ~ 40℃
Storage ambient temperature: 0 to 50 ° C


Laboratory assistants play an important role in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases. They can work under the guidance of a doctor, laboratory manager or technologist in a variety of medical or scientific environments, but the primary duties they perform typically encompass maintaining equipment, processing specimens, preparing experiments for lab technicians, and then cleaning up once the experiments are completed.
Duties of a Laboratory Assistant
Key skills medical lab assistants are expected to have can include attention to detail, being very thorough when conducting research, good critical thinking abilities and being a problem-solver. Listening, clearly communicating and good time management also are prized in lab assistants.
As a medical laboratory assistant, you may be asked to perform basic lab procedures and run such tests as urinalyses, analyze cultures and tissue samples, and mix chemical solutions. And, since most medical records are generated and stored on computers, lab assistant often work with computers and high-tech equipment, such as electrocardiogram machines, microscopes and centrifuges, possibly even using hand tools to make minor equipment repairs.
Laboratory assistants wear protective clothing, including goggles and gloves, to prevent the transfer of infectious diseases while performing their duties. They also must be schooled in the proper disposal of testing materials, including syringes and needles, in order to prevent any cross-contamination of the samples being tested.
Lab Assistant Education Requirements
While some lab assistants learn their trade on-the-job, the position requires accuracy and skill. Most lab assistant need, as a minimum, an associate’s degree to ensure they are properly trained to meet the challenges of the job. Once they’ve gained additional on-the-job experience, some lab assistants may go back to school to earn a bachelor’s degree so they qualify for upper-level positions, such as lab managers.
Working in a hospital, doctor’s office, or medical lab can be exciting work. If being a laboratory assistant sounds like a good fit for you, Fortis Institute can get you started on the right path through its ECG/Phlebotomy/Lab Assistant program at the Forty Fort, PA campus. Visit our site for more information.


What are good carbs&what are bad carbs?
Not all carbohydrates are bad for you. There are good carbohydrates that help you stay healthy. There are also bad carbohydrates that are not beneficial to your health. Striking a healthy balance is very important to your health.Carbohydrates and NutritionCarbohydrates, just like all other nutrients, serve an important function in a person’s health. According to the Good Carbs website, “Carbs give you energy and provide many of the vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients necessary for good health.” So, carbohydrates are a building block of nutrients that we all need in order to survive.Good CarbohydratesThe Good Carbs website states, “Good carbs are unprocessed carbohydrates in their ‘natural’ state – or very close to their natural state.” In other words, the good carbohydrates are carbohydrates created by nature that have not been altered in any way. For example, the simple sugars that are present in an apple just after it is harvested are natural (or good) carbohydrates.Benefits of Go
The good carbs are that which are beneficial for health, the bad carbs are that which are harmful for health. We can reap the health benefits of good carbs by choosing carbohydrates full of fiber. These carbs that get absorbed slowly into our systems, avoiding spikes in blood sugar levels. Examples: whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans.We can minimize the health risk of bad carbs by eating fewer refined and processed carbohydrates that strip away beneficial fiber. Examples: white bread and white rice.


It takes some time for life to return to normal in Switzerland after the end of the First World War (1918). Great efforts are made to safeguard the supply of milk and milk products to consumers. 1922 – after the mandate to cultivate grains and root crops (e.g. potatoes) is lifted – the tide turns on the Swiss dairy market: the market is flooded with milk and the opportunities to sell the product deteriorate as a result, not least due to tariff increases and import restrictions by other countries. Within the space of just a few months, the milk price falls by 15 centimes to 19 centimes per litre.
1920 Cheese Union
The official seizure of cheese is lifted. The Cheese Union – of which the ZMV is also a member – takes the place of the Cooperative of Swiss Cheese Export Companies.
1927 Takeover and participation
The ZMV buys the Sbrinz cheese dairy in Neuhüsern in the municipality of Emmen and invests in the cheese merchant Muther & Cie. AG in Schüpfheim.
1932 Organization Butyra
The Federal Council founds Butyra – an organisation with the sole authority to import butter. It also controls domestic butter production and the distribution of butter to wholesalers.
1936 GALA double-cream cheese
Gerber & Co. launches GALA double-cream cheese on the market – another product that enjoys enduring success to this day.


American 1884 - 1914
Donald Beauregard was born 1884 in Fillmore, Utah, the son of a rancher. His family recognized his artistic talent early, and he had his first art lesson at the age of eleven by an eastern teacher who was visiting central Utah. Beauregard felt confined in Fillmore, and in 1900, he left town, wandering for a while and then ending up at Brigham Young University. He studied there until 1903. During this year, he left BYU and continued his education at the University of Utah, studying under Edwin Evans for three years and becoming his assistant in 1904. In 1906, Beauregard graduated from the University with high honors. Evans said, "He was a brilliant student who excelled in every phase of academic work." Beauregard demonstrated his versatility by winning honors in art, oration, and debate.
In this same year of 1906, he saved his money until he could afford to travel to Europe, where he studied at the Academie Julian in Paris. While in Paris, Beauregard won many prizes for his work, including a first prize, with the work becoming part of the school's permanent collection. He financed his stay by writing special features and by drawing cartoons for newspapers. Beauregard made many discoveries about art while in Paris. At first, he followed Monet and the Impressionists and traveled and painted in Flanders. Later, he looked to Gauguin and Cezanne and began to incorporate cubist ideas into his expressionist landscapes.
In 1908, he returned to Utah and became the Director of Art in the Ogden City School District. Before going to Europe, Beauregard had won first prize in the Utah Art Institute exhibit, and in 1909, after his return, he again won first prize. This second award helped him get a job as an illustrator for Western Monthly magazine and as correspondent for the Deseret News. Summer archaeology work led eventually to contact with Frank Springer, a wealthy New Mexico art patron, who became Beauregard's sponsor. Springer bought some of Beauregard's paintings and financed his second trip to Europe, where he spent the entire trip painting and sketching in Spain, France, and Germany. These paintings sold well to Europeans, and after his return, to Americans.
Source: Springville Art Museum


June is Pride Month. Pride is about awareness and community where people can find some manner of safety from harm for being different from the majority expectation.
Roughly 10% of people in western society are not strictly heterosexual, with variation from 5% to 17% depending on region and other demographics. This is for people willing to privately identify as non-heterosexual.
There are numbers of mostly-straight people who don’t self-identify as less than fully straight. There are people who engage in same-sex relationships who do not identify as LGBTQ+. There are people who are asexual, non-binary, intersex, or other variations of gender and sexual characteristics, identity, etc. who may not identify as non-hetero.
This is not new either. As far back as the 1940s, we find surveys that show a little over 11% identified as K3 (equal attraction to “both” sexes). Plenty has changed in terminology and understanding since then.
While you may think “the gays” are a weird, fringe group, that’s really not the case. It’s more that many people are private about their identity, orientation, and activities. Private does not mean ashamed. It means none of your business.
It becomes everyone’s business when bigotry and propaganda is used to oppress the free expression of constitutional rights, or is used to actively harm others. Then the greater community, including allies, has to stand up.
Plenty of people disagree, including some people in positions of authority or power.
If you value the rights and freedoms of this country, then even if you disagree wholeheartedly with LGBTQIAA+ lives, you still owe it to yourself to help stand up for the rights of Americans, lest you find there is no one left to stand with you when your rights are under attack.
Pride Month is about being proud to be yourself, and supporting everyone else’s right to be themselves, no matter if it’s low-key or freaky. It’s the whole month until everyone can be proud year round without risk of being killed, fired, ostracized, or otherwise mistreated simply for not meeting expectations of others.
Happy pride month to all!


Puerta de La Guía (1st century)
South-western Gate of the Roman City Walls, declared a National Historic-Artistic Monument on 3 June 1931.
The Puerta de la Guía (SW)—or Gate of Guidance—also known in the past as Puerta de la Ciudad, Puerta de la Villa, Puerta de la Escalerilla, Puerta de la Estrella or Puerta de las Cuatro Calles, still preserves its original Roman construction and layout, just like the Puerta de San Pedro.
Its structure is composed of an entrance flanked by a tower on each side and a semi-circular double arch covered with a groin vault made of brick. On the outside, it reveals the alterations that were introduced in the 16th century: a small vault-niche that shelters the entire entrance gate, another small shell niche that is adorned by a stone sculpture of Our Lady of Guidance (Nuestra Señora de la Guía), which is where this gate derives its name from. Under the pedestal of this statue appears the chequered coat of arms of the Dukes of Alba and Marquises of Coria, framed by slender columns.


The Importance of Energy Independence
Energy independence is a critical aspect of ensuring a stable and secure energy supply. With the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, and the finite nature of these resources, it’s essential that we develop domestic energy sources to reduce our reliance on foreign nations and ensure our energy security for future generations.
Domestic Energy Sources
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power are essential to achieving energy independence. By harnessing the power of the sun, wind, and water, we can generate electricity without relying on finite resources such as coal, oil, and gas. The development of these renewable energy sources is crucial to reducing our dependence on foreign oil and creating a more sustainable energy future.
Nuclear energy is another domestic energy source that has the potential to provide a significant portion of our energy needs. While there are concerns regarding the safety and security of nuclear power, advancements in technology have made nuclear energy an increasingly viable option for energy independence.
The Benefits of Energy Independence
Energy independence has numerous benefits, including:
By developing domestic energy sources, we can reduce our reliance on foreign nations for energy and create new jobs in the energy sector. This can lead to increased economic growth and stability, while also reducing our trade deficits.
Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power generate electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing our carbon footprint and helping to mitigate climate change. Additionally, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels can help to reduce air and water pollution, improving public health and quality of life.
National Security Benefits
By achieving energy independence, we can reduce our dependence on foreign oil and gas, reducing our vulnerability to supply disruptions and price shocks. This can help to ensure a stable and secure energy supply, protecting our national security interests.
Energy independence is a critical aspect of ensuring a stable and secure energy supply. By developing domestic energy sources such as renewable energy and nuclear power, we can reduce our dependence on foreign nations for energy and create a more sustainable energy future. The benefits of energy independence are numerous, including economic growth, environmental protection, and national security. It’s time to prioritize energy independence and work towards a more secure and sustainable energy future for all.


Antivirus over the internet protects your personal computer from viruses and other web threats that could infect your laptop or computer system. This kind of software avoids infections out of spreading to other personal computers on your own network or to your family. Viruses are usually distributed by pop-up ads and malicious websites. To prevent your personal computer from getting https://positivelyblack.net/reviews/board-software-for-future-companies-potentialities/ attacked, you should prevent visiting suspicious sites and clicking on links from them.
Anti-virus online courses guard your computer against cybercriminals and viruses by simply monitoring data traffic all over the Internet and detecting malevolent code. Cyberthreats are becoming more prevalent by the day, and it is important to secure yourself from their website. It’s easy to acquire a virus or turn into infected with malicious application if you’re certainly not using an antivirus request. To protect your self against these risks, you should find out more on malware web based.
A good antivirus security software online system should be simple to use and have clear features and package selections. Package points should include all the info about what every feature will and how it protects your laptop or computer. The vendor’s points should also furnish all the info you need to use them. When you’re ready to get an malware online program, consider a free demo period.
Some anti virus products incorporate modern reliability features like scam protection, or spyware security, and on-line identity coverage. Others give additional features such as monitoring the passwords and also other personal information to the dark world wide web. Nevertheless, these types of services give little value compared to alternatives available for totally free.


"Brasil, waar van de Kust door de Portugeezen Bezeten, en in Veertien Hoostgebieden Verdeelt Word...", Sanson, Nicolas
Period: 1705 (published)
Publication: Algemeene Weereld-Beschryving…
Color: Hand Color
10.7 x 7.8 inches
27.2 x 19.8 cm
This is a reduced version of Sanson's important map showing the Portuguese possessions in Brazil. The coastal regions were divided by the Portuguese Crown into fourteen Capitanias, or hereditary harbor offices. The holders of these grants, called donees (donatários), were responsible for their defense and development. There is also a fair amount of detail in the interior, along the major rivers. The mythical Lago de R. los Xarayes appears at left and the otherwise unknown interior is conveniently covered by the decorative title cartouche. Published in Francois Halma's Dutch edition of A. Pherotee de la Croix's Nouvelle Methode Pour Apprendre facilement la Geographie Universelle.
Sanson's small maps from his L'Amerique en Plusieurs Cartes..., first published in 1657 and engraved by A. Peyrounin, were copied several times by various map publishers. Johann David Zunners made copies of Sanson's maps for his German translation of Die Gantze Erd-Kugel in 1679. Johannes Ribbius and Simon de Vries published copies in 1682 and 1683, with new maps engraved by Antoine d'Winter. The plates were later sold to Francois Halma, who used them in 1699 and then again in 1705 with the titles re-engraved in Dutch. The titles on the d'Winter plates were re-engraved back into French, and then used by Nicholas Chemereau in 1715 and by Henri du Sauzet in 1738.
A sharp impression with light toning that is mostly confined to the centerfold and blank margins. A small worm track along the centerfold in the bottom border has been professionally infilled on verso.


Naturalism is an alternative to supernaturalism, which includes theism. Paul Draper, an agnostic philosopher at Florida International University, explains the difference between naturalism and theism well:
“Naturalism and theism are powerful and popular worldviews. They suggest very different conceptions of the nature of human beings, our relationship to the world, and our future. Though I hope that theism is true, I believe that it faces a number of evidential problems, problems that prevent my hope from becoming belief. …
“By ‘theism’ I mean the hypothesis that God is the creator of the physical universe. I take the word ‘God’ to be a title that, by definition, can be borne only by a perfect supernatural person. To claim that God is a ‘person’ is to claim that God performs actions and has beliefs and purposes. ‘Supernatural’ persons are not natural–they are neither a part nor a product of the physical universe–and yet they can affect natural objects. A ‘perfect’ person is, among other things, perfect in power (omnipotent), perfect in knowledge (omniscient), and perfect in moral goodness (morally perfect). While some have dismissed this conception of God as religiously insignificant, I am convinced that, for millions of Jews, Christians, and Muslims, factual belief in a supernatural person is essential for making sense of their forms of worship. By ‘naturalism’ I mean the hypothesis that the physical universe is a ‘closed system’ in the sense that nothing that is neither part nor a product of it can affect it. So naturalism entails the nonexistence of all supernatural beings, including the theistic God.“
— Paul Draper, “Evolution and the Problem of Evil” in Philosophy of Religion (ed. Louis Pojman, Wadsworth, 1997), pp. 219-220.
Thus, just as supernaturalism is broader than theism, naturalism is broader than atheism. Someone can be an atheist without being a naturalist. In other words, someone could believe in the supernatural without believing in God. I have chosen to adopt the label of a naturalist in order to emphasize that I do not believe there are supernatural beings of any kind. (Is that even possible?)


Schedules of work (or schedule of works) are ‘without quantities’ instructional lists often produced on smaller projects or for alteration work. They are an alternative to bills of quantities, allowing the pricing of items, such as builders’ work and fixing schedules (such as sanitary fittings, doors, windows, ironmongery, light fittings, louvres, roller shutters, diffusers, grilles, manholes and so on).
Schedules of work are typically prepared by designers rather than by a cost consultant or quantity surveyor. They may be prepared as part of the production information alongside drawings, specifications, bills of quantities and preliminaries and are likely to form part of the tender documentation and then contract documents.
They simply list the work required. Any information about quality should be provided by reference to specifications, and information about location and size should be provided on drawings (so as to avoid conflicting information). Where a schedule does include a description of the work required, this may be referred to as a ‘specified schedule of work’.
Schedules of work should allow the contractor to identify significant work and materials that will be needed to complete the works and to calculate the quantities that will be required. As a consequence, it is important that schedules of work properly describe every significant item of work to which they relate. Failure to do so may result in a claim by the contractor.
Schedules of work can be arranged on an elemental basis (for example, groundwork, concrete, masonry, etc.), or on a room-by-room basis.


Cross-modal interactions between vision and hearing involving spatial properties occur at a number of different levels and in a number of different ways. Some interactions are best explained in terms of enhancement effects involving neurones with cross-modal receptive fields; some involve mechanisms of selective attention, with the stimulus in one sense cuing attention to a location in another sense; in some auditory cases, spatial interactions are modulated by binding: when acoustic elements are bound together, each contributes spatial information, and, in some cases, vision determines which elements get bound together. The ventriloquism effect involves the integration of spatial information across vision and hearing (and other senses) and can be modulated by both bottom-up and perhaps by top-down mechanisms.
– Can the ways in which spatial information is integrated in these different cases be explained in terms of the same mechanisms? What different or other kinds of spatial interaction are there?
– There’s an existence question here: why do these different levels of interaction and correspondingly different mechanisms exist? What is their function and why couldn’t their function be sub-served by a single kind of interaction/mechanism?
– Is there an explanation that should lead us to expect functionally similar mechanisms linking different senses: can we find the same kinds of mechanisms linking vision and touch, or touch and audition; if not why not?
A further question concerns the extent to which we should consider the mechanisms involved in these interactions as spatial. For example, we might expect that the way spatial properties are encoded in vision is different from the way in which they are encoded in audition and touch.
– What is the significance of these differences? Are auditory processes intrinsically spatial in the way visual process are; if not, why think of them as spatial at all? What about tactile processes – are they intrinsically spatial in the same way and for the same reason as visual processes; if not, how and why are they different?
– Should we think of some auditory processes as only derivatively spatial – as inheriting or depending for their spatial interpretation on their relation to another sense modality? Are their any aspects of the spatial properties in touch that depend on a connection between touch and vision? Are there similar differences in the way space is encoded across all the senses?


In 1303 Wang Zhen published the agricultural treatise Nongshu 農書, in which he included in tabular form instructions for, amongst others, the best period for sowing different kinds of crop. These tables were accompanied by further textual explanations with the obvious goal of guiding the reader to agricultural improvements (Bray, this issue). In 1996, the Bank of England produced fan charts in its inflation report showing the range of uncertainty in its inflation forecasts. These charts were accompanied by an explanatory text intended to guide the reader in understanding the diagram (Boumans, this issue). When the famous ancient mathematical text Zuobi Suanjing 周髀算經 (The Gnomen of the Zhou) was re-edited for the Complete Library of the Four Treasures, the restructuring of textual elements added another layer of interpretation to a fundamental text explaining how to perform mathematical calculations (Chemla, this issue). Imperially commissioned in the early 1770s, this edition appeared around the same time Benjamin Franklin was jotting down dots into a tabular system to keep track of his moral improvements, a system he explained in his Autobiography first published, in French, in 1793 (Maas, this issue).


There are, however, excellent tools to help patients manage their condition; treatments that reduce the perceived intensity, omnipresence, and burden of tinnitus. These currently available treatments are not “cures” — they neither repair the underlying causes of tinnitus, nor eliminate the tinnitus signal in the brain. Instead, they address the attentional, emotional, and cognitive impact of tinnitus. They help patients live better, more fulfilling, and more productive lives, even if the perception of tinnitus remains.
The content of the website and databases of the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) is copyrighted and may not be reproduced, copied, downloaded or disseminated, in any way, for any commercial or public purpose, without prior written authorization and approval from NORD. Individuals may print one hard copy of an individual disease for personal use, provided that content is unmodified and includes NORD’s copyright.
Exposure to loud noise. Loud noises, such as those from heavy equipment, chain saws and firearms, are common sources of noise-related hearing loss. Portable music devices, such as MP3 players or iPods, also can cause noise-related hearing loss if played loudly for long periods. Tinnitus caused by short-term exposure, such as attending a loud concert, usually goes away; both short- and long-term exposure to loud sound can cause permanent damage.


Researchers in South Africa want to use radioactive markers on rhino horns to scare off poachers and smugglers. Radioactive material would be inserted in their horns which is detectable at global ports of entry.
They hope that if the horns are marked with radioactive material, they’ll become less attractive for buyers.
“We are doing our homework at the moment, and our whole aim is to find an appropriate quantity of radioactive material which will not harm the animal,” said James Larkin, director at the radiation and health physics unit at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
Rhino poaching involves both local poachers and international criminal gangs who smuggle rhino horns across borders. Poachers shoot rhinos with high-powered hunting rifles before removing the horn from the skull with a knife.
Alternative to de-horning
The researchers need to prove it’s safe to use radioactive material on animals before they can explore the method further.
Using radioactive material in horns would be an alternative for the controversial de-horning where the animals’ horns are cut off to prevent poaching.
Dehorning leaves rhinos with horns too small for poachers to bother with; humans tranquilize a rhino and remove his or her horn with an electric saw.
The method is controversial because it makes male rhinos vulnerable in fights. It takes around three years for a horn to grow back.
Rhino population is declining
South Africa is home to around 16,000 rhinos, the environmental ministry told Reuters in May. But poaching and drought in the North-East region have hit the rhino population hard.
In the Kruger National Park, the number of rhinos has gone down to around 3,800 in 2019 from 11,800 rhinos in 2008, according to a South African National Parks report.
Despite a 30% decline in rhino poaching in 2020 due to coronavirus lockdown and travel restrictions in South Africa, poachers still killed nearly 400 rhinos for their horns.
Demand for rhino horns comes mainly from Asia, where they are believed to have medicinal benefits and are also a symbol of wealth.
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The book Mémoires sur les objets les plus importants de l’architecture written by Pierre Patte in 1723, begins with a letter to the reader. After that, the actual content of the book follows.The texts are divided into different chapters. The font has calligraphic features and the texts are aligned in block sentence.
You can find the page number at the top left or right of the Text.
The header also contains the title of the respective chapter. The Footer contains notes such as references or sources to the text. These are written in smaller font.
For each new chapter, the initial letter of the first word is written in greater font size. The titles of the chapters are listed in capital letters. Some titels are underlined, others aren’t. There are a lot of under chapters, all of them are numbered.
There are very few images in relation to the Text. Estimated 10% Images and 90% Text. However, these are large over a whole page. Sometimes they also go over double or even over folding sides. The pictures show the theoretical examples mentioned in the Text. The figures are numbered. This numbers are described and clearly listed in a legend. These are mostly architectural drawings and perspective views. Also, some plans are included. The pictures are always framed.


We Speak for Ourselves: Social Justice, Race, and Environment
Panos Institute, 1990 - Environmental health - 40 pages
Research has shown that African, Asian, Latino & Native American communities are targets for toxic dumping & for the placement of this country's most hazardous industries, a phenomenon that has come to be known as "environmental racism". The journalists, writers, illustrators & artists who have contributed to this publication are themselves people of color & have brought their own unique perspective to this effort. Their stories are as diverse as the communities & individuals affected, ranging from inner city youth in Brooklyn, NY, to an African American community which dates to the pre-Civil War era in the Georgia Sea Islands, to the Western Shoshone in Nevada. The topics covered in the publication include an overview on environment & people of color; land, sovereignty & the environment; groups successfully organizing on the front-lines; & media & the environment. The cartoon illustrations in the publication underscore the continuing tensions that exist between the environmental justice movement & the mainstream environmental movement. Also included is a resource guide of relevant organizations & publications.
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INTRODUCTION Dana Alston
The EnvironmentRedefining the Issue Michael Guerrero and Louis Head
Informed Collective ActionA Powerful Weapon M Guerrero and L Head
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Common terms and phrases
Action activists activities African American agencies become Black California called caused Center Church civil clean color concerns conference continued Council created dump Earth economic effects effort environment environmental issues environmental movement environmental racism facilities Farmworkers fight forced grassroots groups hazardous waste housing Houston important incinerator increase industry initial Institute interests involved Island journalist land landfill Latino lead leaders live mainstream major Mark meeting ment mental Mexico mining minority movement Native American neighborhood Newah North organizations Panos participation percent pesticides Photo plant poisoning pollution problems protect provides question Race Racial Justice Reservation residents result River Sapelo social South struggle SWOP Test tion Toxic Avengers toxic waste treaty Union United urban Washington West Western Shoshone White workers write York


The gambler's fallacy affects a person's perception of chance and risk. Past performance in a situation governed by chance is no guarantee of future performance.
Elements of the gambler's fallacy:
(1) an recurring event occurs with a known, fixed probability
(2) a belief that the frequency of the event in the recent past may influence its future frequency
If an event has a true, known probability then the chances of its next occurrence is fixed. There is no edge.
Example of the fallacy: A perfect coin will have a 50% chance of being heads or tails. With the gambler's fallacy a person believes that having a series of "tails" will increase the chances that the next try will be "heads".
Example of the fallacy: A lottery site listing the frequency of numbers hit. A gambler may believe that numbers that have not been hit in the past will have a greater chance of being hit in the future.
Example of the fallacy: A string of good luck in the past does not guarantee a greater likelihood of winning a game of chance.
(1) wanting to win (wishful thinking)
(2) wanting to have a sense of control
(1) If the frequency of past occurrences impacts the frequency of a future event, then the probability of its occurrence is not fixed. The coin may not be "true".
(2) Natural events like the weather may vary about a mean. If the weather has been warmer for a period of time then there is a good chance that the weather will be cooler as it gravitates to the mean. However, weather does not have a fixed probability and is affected by many variables.
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Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Volume 1, January 1967, pp. 63
University of Malaya
(Full paper in press as part of joint paper with B. N. Koopmans, titled ‘Glacial phenomena on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah‘ in Geol. Survey Malaysia (Borneo Region) Bull. 8)
Abstract: Mount Kinabalu (13,455‘) in Sabah, the highest point in the Sunda area, is comparable in height to other tropical mountains which were glaciated in Pleistocene. Kinabalu has been referred to as glaciated by Bowman (1916) and Bowen and Wright (1957), but no description of its glacial features has appeared.
Examination of the bare granodiorite summit area of the mountain (above about 11,000‘) reveals convincing evidence of geologically recent glacial action. The general morphology of the summit area includes smooth, abraded, debris-free slopes and bowls; steep, craggy peaks and pinnacles; and some U-shaped passages leading off the summit between peaks. These features terminate, often abruptly, at elevations around 12,000‘. Ice-produced surficial markings and small-scale features are preserved locally on the abraded summit surface. These include glacial polish, concentric cracks, concentric gouges, plucking cracks, and rectilinear glacial grooves.
The general summit morphology argues for considerable glacial erosion on Mount Kinabalu, while the poor preservation of glacial markings and the rarity of probable morainal material suggest only mild or fleeting glaciation. A solution to this apparent contradiction may be the possibility that Kinabalu has been glaciated more than once during the Pleistocene, and that most glacial erosion occurred before the most recent (Wisconsin?) period of ice cover.


The television lesson includes a segment on each man designed to give an insight into his character. Andrew Pickens had been parolled by the British in Charleston when that city was captured in May 1780. As a condition of the parole, he had given his word that he would not take up arms against the British unless he, his family or property was violated. This segment tells what occurred to cause Pickens to reenter the war.
- 3-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the American Revolution and South Carolina’s role in the development of the new American nation.
- People establish governments to provide stability and ensure the protection of their rights as citizens. To understand the causes and results of the American Revolution on South Carolina, the student will utilize the knowledge and skills set forth in ...
- 8-2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the causes of the American Revolution and the beginnings of the new nation, with an emphasis on South Carolina’s role in the development of that nation.
- The events surrounding the American Revolution transformed British colonists into American citizens. To understand South Carolina’s pivotal role in this process, the student will utilize the knowledge and skills set forth in the following indica...
- Political and economic developments underscored how the colonists in British North America had become uniquely American, prompting the development of a new nation. Drawing on their experience under British rule, the founding generation created a government with shared powers between the state and federal institutions.


The researchers at Penn State College of Medicine said that the absence of a protein that works to prevent tumor formation may cause resistance to common cancer therapies given to the patients. According to them, testing lung cancer for the presence of this protein may help doctors to identify those patients who may be resistant to or relapse when they get treated with this therapy. This protein is called as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR).
EGFR protein plays a key role in cell division and survival signaling. In addition to lung cancer, it is active in skin, bladder, esophageal, liver, colon, head, pancreatic and neck cancers. Those patients who have high amounts of EGFR protein tend to have poor prognosis. While some patients are resistant to the therapy and many who were initially responsive to treatment but relapse within a year. The team at Penn State College of Medicine investigated why these patients may be resistant to EGFR therapies.
Douglas Stairs, researcher said, “There are still some reasons for resistance that are alluding scientists. Our previous work showed that too much EGFR and reduced amounts of a protein called p120 catenin (p120ctn) can cause cancer to develop. We hypothesized that reduced amounts of p120ctn might also cause resistance to EGFR therapies.” He also said that the results of the study are promising and his lab will continue to explore the role of p120ctn loss in EGFR therapy by testing the effect in cancer cells sampled from lung cancer patients and other cancers. Also, they will explore whether the cells with increased EGFR and decreased p120ctn are resistant to other EGFR therapies as approved by US Food and Drug Administration.
A lot more research is required to be made in this arena to come at some conclusive results. The information shared in this blog is for educational purposes only.


Back to: Sociological Foundation of Education -Unit 3
As per recent surveys, the urban population of India constitutes an estimate of 461 million people. This number is subject to growth by 2.3 percent each year. Cities have been accounted to provide 75 percent of India’s national income by 2031. Economic growth is not one of the major causes of urbanisation but rather an integral part of it. Urbanism is a concept that revolves around the organisation and lifestyle of a society which includes the use of technology, division of labour, high mobility, social relations’ impersonality, and interdependence of the society’s members upon the fulfilment of economic functions.
Economic and Social Effects of Urbanisation
The economic and social effects of urbanisation are as follows:
Better Access To Facilities
One of the main reasons why urban areas are crowded and why many people prefer moving to cities is due to the better access to facilities such as better schools, better medical facilities, and basically to lead a more convenient and comfortable life.
Increased Employment Opportunities
In urban areas, new business companies are continually emerging and to progres, they require Human Resources which can yield employment opportunities.
When people move to urban areas, they need to buy clothes, food, and the like which will bring more consumers to the businesses and this can thereby lead to economic growth.
In urban areas, people of different races, culture, castes, and the like reside together which gives them a chance to interact with one another and get to know each other’s cultural practices.
In urban areas, the access to social welfare programs is more accessible and offered as compared to rural areas which can decrease the crime rate and offer security to those who are in need of the same.
Thompson Warren defines urbanisation as,
“the movement of people from communities concerned chiefly or solely with agriculture to other communities, generally larger whose activities are primarily centred in government, trade, manufacture, or allied interests.”
Anderson on the other hand believes,
“urbanisation is not a one-way process but it is a two-way process.”


You’re Totally in Control of What You Eat, Right?
Why is it so hard to be good? You try to eat right. You try to shed those extra pounds. You’re brain tells you to eat the broccoli and not the donuts, right?
Seems like an age old problem, but here’s some new science: you may be wired for those donuts. Thankfully, knowing that may help you beat those bad habits.
In a recent issue of Current Biology, Johns Hopkins researchers find that when people see something that reminds them of a past reward, their brains flush with dopamine, a chemical that among other reactions, enhances your perceptions of pleasure. As a result, you may not have so much control over what you eat and when you eat it.
In other words, you might go for a healthier option… if it weren’t for that big burger begging your brain to make a different decision. Dopamine gives the burger the advantage.
Click here to see how CNN reported on the study.
This eye-opening perspective from a 2015 Superbowl ad is right on point.
So, don’t be so hard on yourself. When those unhealthy fat-filled, sugar-loaded concoctions are placed purposefully in your line of sight, your brain may not be as helpful as you think! Are there changes you could make to reduce those temptations? Now that’s food for thought.


Arctic shorelines are crumbling in the face of climate change, as the permafrost that holds them together starts to melt.
Sea ice gives permafrost shorelines some protection. When the ice clears, waves pounding the shore can thaw the permafrost, freeing the soil that it holds, which then falls into the sea.
Most of the storms at the edges of the Arctic Ocean occur in the autumn. If the warming climate keeps coastal waters ice-free after summer ends, these storms can dig deep into the permafrost, according to a report issued this week by the International Arctic Science Committee.
The changes are most dramatic in the Beaufort Sea north of Alaska. Here ice-rich bluffs have retreated 14 metres per year on average from 2002 to 2007 – double the mean figure for the period from 1955 to 1979. Erosion has already forced some coastal communities to relocate.
Another study, just published by Hugues Lantuit of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Potsdam, Germany, finds that erosion along 100,000 kilometres of Arctic coast – about a quarter of the total coastline – is taking place at an average rate of about 50 centimetres per year.
Worrying though they are, the new findings are not surprising: researchers have long warned that Arctic coasts are vulnerable to erosion because the region is warming faster than lower latitudes.
Journal reference: Estuaries and Coasts, DOI: 10.1007/s12237-010-9362-6


Everyone knows that going through a divorce, even a relatively low-conflict one, is extremely difficult and emotional. Parents involved in a divorce can easily feel overwhelmed by the situation they face. However, being mindful of children’s emotional needs is crucial to a parent’s ability to help them cope with the divorce.
Psychology Today recently published eight strategies for helping children adjust:
- Explain the divorce in a simple and straightforward manner so that children can understand.
- Re-assure your children that both parents will always love them.
- Talk to them about the emotions children often feel in this situation. Encourage open communication and check regularly on how children are coping.
- Reassure your children that the divorce is not their fault — children often blame themselves for these events.
- Do not bad-mouth the other parent. This can cause children to feel a loyalty conflict.
- Do not take children by surprise. Give your kids plenty of notice before a parent moves out.
- Get professional help from a family expert or therapist. It can also be beneficial for a child to talk to a therapist on his or her own.
- Keep in mind that children may act up, withdraw or regress during the divorce. They need patience and extra support from you, as well as communication.
Compassionate and knowledgeable New York divorce attorneys use all tools at their disposal, including mediation and collaborative law, and can help make the process of divorce more manageable.


Working with our partner CoolEarth to help protect the most threatened rainforests
Written by: Simon Pavey, Last updated:1st June 2021
From an early age, the creatures that call the rainforest home capture our imagination. It’s where, for most of us, our love for nature and the rainforest starts.
Whether it’s toucans or tigers, sloths or spectacled bears, frogs or funghi, rainforest plants and animals make up an intricate web of inter-reliant species.
People are a vital part of this web too. Often, we just think of human impact on species as a negative one. But indigenous-managed lands are increasingly being shown an essential haven for rainforest wildlife.
Indigenous people are inheritors and practitioners of unique ways of relating to people and the environment, protecting nearly 22% of Earth’s surface and 80% of biodiversity. With support, this makes them powerful stakeholders when responding to climate change and conservation challenges. In fact, across the Amazon, average annual deforestation rates inside tenured indigenous forestlands were 2-3 times lower than outside of them from 2000 to 2012.
Recognising the achievements and contributions made by indigenous peoples to wildlife conservation, land stewardship and climate mitigation is essential. It’s why Cool Earth’s model keeps forest conservation in the hands of local people, empowering the people who have the most impact.
“Only through rights-based, equitable and respectful partnerships with indigenous peoples, will it be possible to ensure the long-term and equitable conservation of biodiversity.”
Local and indigenous knowledge must be integral when developing meaningful practices that tackle the adverse impacts of climate change. Thanks to your support, Cool Earth works to share local knowledge and develop the best ways to protect rainforest globally. With help to develop their climate, financial and social resilience, we believe that indigenous and local communities have the potential to be the greatest rainforest custodians. Keeping wildlife-homing, carbon-storing, rain-making trees standing strong for years to come.
Rainforests play an essential, but often overlooked role in tackling the climate crisis. By working alongside CoolEarth, we’re doing our part to keep this incredible ecosystem strong.back


I’d like to mark that today is the anniversary of Emmett Till’s murder. This isn’t our writing prompt, but if you don’t know about Emmett, please go and find out, and consider donating to BLM, Amnesty or another human rights charity in his memory.
Today’s prompt starts with another anniversary of a sudden death – that of Elisabetta Sirani who died of unknown causes on this day in 1665. Sirani was an accomplished and celebrated painter – though like many brilliant women such as her contemporary Artemisia Gentileschi, she has been forgotten until fairly recently. Sirani took over her father’s studio and was a great teacher as well as a great artist in her own right. So options for today are: to write as a teacher or student learning how to really look – what can you notice if you take time to properly see colour or composition, what can you see below the surfaces of things? If looking isn’t an option for you, use touch or hearing or smell instead – explore your sensory world as someone being taught to observe it fully for the first time. Or, to do a piece of ekphrastic writing using one of Sirani’s works, or to imagine and write a moment from Sirani’s life.


the politics of commemoration in nineteenth-century France
Author: Bird, Stephen
Publication Date: 2000
How was Voltaire’s legacy seen in France between 1830 and 1900? To what extent did the nineteenth century reinvent Voltaire? Viewed during these years through the distorting lens of the French Revolution, Voltaire was vilified and venerated in roughly equal measure: as an icon of republican anticlericalism on the one hand, and a deeply Christian reformer on the other. This wide-ranging study uses the rich sources of the Parisian periodical and daily press to examine the evolution of Voltaire’s legacy as it was contested through caricature and statuary as much as through editions and criticism of his works.
List of illustrations
I Politicising Voltaire
II Le Siècle and the subscription campaign of 1867: the first open-air statue of Voltaire
III Exhibiting Voltaire in the public sphere: the iconographic tradition
IV Working-class editions and their readership
V Voltaire in the classroom
Select list of works cited
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Why Understanding History Matters
This article originally appeared in Education Week on February 12, and is reprinted with permission from the author and former AACTE Board Chair Renée A. Middleton.
To the Editor:
The Jan. 8 article, “Sure, We Teach History. But Do We Know Why It’s Important?” (Big Ideas special report), noted that 78% of educators surveyed believe the primary purpose of teaching history is “to prepare students to be active and informed citizens.” The article also said that understanding the present in historical context can help us “decide on the best course of action ahead.”
I would like to thank the author of this article, which focused on Japanese-Americans forced into prison camps after Pearl Harbor and the decades-later response from President Ronald Reagan and other Americans. History provides a foundation for action and affects how people perceive—and respond—to present-day horrors. All educators should take note.
In 2019, I traveled to Poland for a study tour of the Jewish Holocaust, which showed how far hate can go if left unchecked. My experience of the study tour reinforced the meaning of the Jewish rallying cry “never again.”
Hate crimes are increasing. The Anti-Defamation League found that 2018 saw a 99% increase in reported anti-Semitic acts in the United States since 2015, and the third-highest number since the 1970s.
These troubling numbers come against the backdrop of a humanitarian crisis at the southern border, where refugees are being separated from families and detained against their will.
The Holocaust provides a unique example for us to learn from our past. When Jews said, “never again,” they meant for all humans, including the Japanese-Americans forced into prison camps.
Decades later, similar human-rights violations are happening on our own soil. What will it take for people to act? A thorough understanding of history, for starters.
When teaching history, educators must help students connect the past and present. History teaches, but only if it is taught. Learn. Reflect. Care. Act. This is what it means to live in a democracy where history matters.
Renée A. Middleton
The Gladys W. and David H. Patton College of Education
Tags: content areas, social justice


1. Dye-sensitized solar cells are based on a semiconductor designed such that the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide are coated in a light-sensitive dye and surrounded by electrolyte, which is sandwiched between another electrolyte and a cathode. The anode is a transparent material for the light to pass through. Titanium oxide is in the form of a mesh of particles suspended between the two electrodes. The light-sensitive dye is responsible for converting photons into electrons. The electrolyte is usually an iodide ion that helps in the transfer of electrons to cathode and vice versa. Energy obtained through this simple dye-sensitive cell can be harvested in driving electrical system loads.
2. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) use an organic dye to absorb incoming sunlight to produce excited electrons and create an energy which is then transferred to an inexpensive material, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). From there, the energy is collected on a transparent conducting surface. Currently, its conversion efficiency is between 8% and 11% (limited by the problems associated with both the electrolyte solution and the dye used), which is lower than most of other current solar technology.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/30957/dye-sensitized-solar-cell-dssc (1.); http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/dye-sensitized-solar-cells-dssc (2.)
Author: Simon Waterstradt


By Christine Berlly
Welcome to the final entry into our comprehensive look at bearing design considerations for encoders! Bearing lubricant selection (and amount) is critical in optical encoders. Optical encoders rely on optoelectronic components to detect rotary motion. Lubricant migration and/or out gassing can contaminate these adjacent components and render the encoder useless.
To prevent migration of lubricants, fill amounts should not exceed 30% of the free space in the bearing. In addition, NLGI grade 2, or stiffer, grease should be used. In most cases, typical electric motor grease with a synthetic base oil and a poly urea thickener perform well. These greases have a temperature service range of around -40°F to 350°F.
For encoder spindles, low noise, high purity grease should be selected. In environments where there are more extreme temperatures, or hard vacuum where out gassing can occur, PFPE base oil greases are available. These greases also have special thickeners and additives that result in a tacky consistency that increases torque and often noise as well.
Bearings are key components in encoders, and as we have seen, can play a significant role in their overall performance and life of the instruments. Engineers, designers and bearing users are encouraged to consult a bearing applications specialist for assistance with calculating loads, shock, vibration, accuracy requirements and environmental conditions.


The phrase “positive approaches” was coined by Herb Lovett, the author of Learn to Listen, in 1988. The idea was that positive approaches seemed too vague a phrase to suggest a technology, but did imply the spirit of exploration, of working with—rather than on—people.
“Positive approaches” is a way of life that moves from control to collaboration. It is in listening to people with difficult behavior that positive approaches contrast most clearly with most approaches to service to help people with severe disabilities. In the world of positive approaches, we work in collaboration and in a spirit of openness, honesty, and equality. We make decisions by listening to all people involved (not just the person, the family, the professional – but all of them). Within the context of the personalities, needs, preferences, and strengths of those involved, we come to some decisions. This approach contrasts with how many services are organized. We may say we are working for the good of people with disabilities, but what that is and how it’s to be achieved is decided for them. In many services, we respond to whoever can force us to respond. Too often, we make compromises that come from resignation rather than from negotiation. Many decisions are made because of policy rather than because they make sense to the people involved.
Positive approaches are about behavior changes through personal growth and mutual responsiveness. This work starts with each person and each group, and as experiences widen and deepen, some principles emerge, but they emerge from the lives of the people involved, and are not imported mechanically. Positive approaches are about ways to think about people—a way of keeping people present as individuals in our minds and hearts.


The Reticular Activation System is the part of our brain that acts as a gatekeeper and filters out the things we take notice of, which are usually things connected to what we’re already aware of and focus on. This is why when you first become aware of something, you then notice it in other places, where before you didn’t. Once you notice something, your brain is designed to make sure you keep noticing it.
James Redfield, perhaps best known for his novel The Celestine Prophecy, is quoted as saying “Where attention goes, energy flows.” (Sorry Tony Robbins.)
Mark Manson points out that economies organize themselves around scarcity. For most of human history, most economies were based on the scarcity of productive land for food growing. With the industrial revolution, the primary scarcity shifted from land (machines could help cultivate plenty of food) to labour – trained people to run the machines. In the last half of the 20th century, the scarcity shifted to knowledge, and we entered the knowledge economy. Advertising and marketing came to dominate society as primary means for getting information to people on how to allocate their resources. With the advent of the internet, knowledge is no longer a scarcity. We have more information and knowledge than we could ever hope to process or understand. The new economy is based on (remember this from the first part of this post?) attention.
To sum up: 1) attention is a scarce resource. 2) Once we give something our attention, our brain prefers to keep our attention there – until we place our attention somewhere else. 3) Where we place our attention, our energy follows.
Where we place our attention matters.
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Background: Protein-energy malnutrition is a major health challenge attributed on the inappropriate complementary feeding practice. Therefore the study was aimed at formulating a complementary food based on maize and bambara groundnut with a view of reducing malnutrition in low income families.
Methods: The blends 70% maize, 30% bambara groundnut were biochemically evaluated for proximate, minerals, amino acids profile, antinutritional factors, using proprietary formula (âNutrendâ) as standard. The microbiological property was determined using standard methods.
Results: For Protein, the results were 15.0% for roasted bambara groundnut maize germinated flour (RBMGF), 13.80% for boiled bambara groundnut maize germinated flour (BBMGF), 15.18% for soaked bambara groundnut maize germinated flour (SBMGF) ; values for maize flour and nutrend had 10.4% and 23.21% respectively. The percentages of total essential amino acids in the composition of the blends were 36.9%, 40.7% and 38.9% for BBMGF, SBMGF and RBMGF. The mineral content, that is, calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium, of formulated samples were higher than those obtained for maize flour and Nutrend (P<0.05). The antinutrient composition of RBMGF and BBMGF were lower than of SBMGF. Boiling, sprouting, roasting, dehulling and fermentation significantly decreased the tannins and trypsin inhibitors levels. For the microbial status, microflora gradually changed from Gram negative enteric bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp and E. aerogenes, molds such as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum, lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii and yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisae to be dominated by Gram positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts.
Conclusion: The application of bambara groundnut fortification to traditional foods can promote the nutritional quality of African maize – based traditional foods with acceptable rheological and cooking qualities.


This workshop on ethics formation for Visioning Sustainable Food was conducted last February 16-17,2018 at Engineering AVR Building, UNO-Recoletos. The resource speaker was Dr. Oscar Bulaong, Ethics Director of Ateneo De Manila University and professor of Graduate School of Business (AGSB) This seminar was designed for the educator, specifically for teachers who are guiding students to have an impact on the future of our country. It did not only introduce the fundamental ethical theories in traditional moral thought, but it also demonstrated their application in real-world participant-developed cases. To integrate this workshop, some intervention strategies were taken up, to clarify what ethical leadership entails, in both classrooms as well as organizational contexts. Thus, the pattern was developed throughout the workshop: theory, application, and intervention in ethics, insofar as it is relevant for forming students who envision sustainable food for future generations.
“The major role of a plant pathologist is to provide an accurate information about an unknown disease that he personally observes in the field, or samples (plant or soil) given by the farmers. In so doing, he is expected to possibly give suggestions on the protection of crop production problems. The diagnosis is based on the overall status of the field and the corresponding profit and or loss on condition of the producer (farmer). Diagnosis of plant diseases must be done in two ways: the field and plant diagnosis.” – notes extracted from the professors of Dept. of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.