Global Societal Issue
I chose the topic climate change, and provided the two peer reviewed article already. I have attached the articles and a article the professor gave to review prior to completing the assignment. Reflect: When considering a research topic, consider an interesting topic that is worth further research. For instance, having a strong opinion on a specific topic may deter you from thinking more critically, and therefore the research might end up being one-sided. It is a good idea to pick a topic in which you can provide a good argument for both sides of the societal issue. Write: For this discussion, address the following prompts: · Identify a global societal issue from the following list that you would consider researching further for your Week 5 Final Paper: o Climate change o Pollution o Religious conflict and violence o Rise of artificial intelligence o Lack of education o Unemployment and lack of economic opportunity o Government accountability and corruption o Food and water security o International drug trafficking o Poverty and income inequality · Describe effective methods you used in identifying and narrowing down to just one of the topics to further research for your Final Paper. · Explain three ways you can critically analyze sources to determine if they are scholarly. · Summarize information from at least two scholarly journal articles from the Ashford University Library that will support your claims for your chosen topic. · Explain why scholarly sources should be used to support your writing on the selected topic. · Download and attach a PDF copy of one of the peer-reviewed scholarly articles that you found from the Ashford University Library to your answer using the “Attach” function located below your response.


Avoid overuse of punctuation
If you need to break up your text with commas, dashes or brackets, it is often a sign that your sentences are too long and complicated. Rather than splitting up the blocks of meaning with punctuation, split your sentences to a maximum of about 25 words with one idea per sentence.
Round brackets can be used to explain the preceding item in the text, but use them only if truly necessary.
Square brackets can be used to make insertions in quoted material, e.g.: “The ETS [Emissions Trading System] needs to be reformed”, says Commissioner XY.
Dashes and hyphens
Beware of using too many dashes. 1 dash or a set of paired dashes per paragraph is enough.
Hyphens (-) are used to join pairs: the Brussels-Paris route, the height-depth ratio, etc.
Short dashes (En dashes, – ) may be used to punctuate a sentence instead of commas or round brackets. They are always preceded and followed by spaces.
Long dashes (Em dashes, — ) are no longer used.
Use only for very serious warnings.
Quotation marks and apostrophes
use "double quotation marks" to signal direct speech and quotes
use 'single quotation marks' for
- quotations within quotes
- to flag a word as jargon, while explaining what it actually means: The ‘subsidiarity’ principle, whereby decisions are taken at a level of authority as close to citizens as possible
- colons, semi-colons and slashes are always joined up to the preceding word
- stops (. ? ! : , ; ) are always followed by a single space, not a double space
Contact and support
If you require further assistance, please contact:
Europa Web Communication


Basically, CSS is a dialect that controls the feel of web pages. It offers developers even more control over how web pages show on different browsers and equipment. Unlike CODE, CSS possesses a standardized format that allows you to indicate different layouts for different types of content. You may also use CSS to data format images, textual content, and game tables.
CSS is an important part of the open web. The majority of web designers have a understanding of chinese. It helps to make a uniform appear on a large number of pages of a web page. This can be attained by using multiple styles, but it’s also possible to make use of one design only once.
CSS is drafted in a textual content editor, but some programs may implement CSS segments better than others. It’s best to produce CSS in the head section of an HTML document. This way, it’ll be applied to all pages, and also you won’t need to update every single page’s premises.
The CSS syntax is relatively simple. All you have to perform is type the name of the element you want to design. The syntax also decides the font and colors in the elements. For example , you can clearly define a table’s border https://csstopsites.com/2021/07/05/generated-post/ color. You can also use CSS to identify cell extra padding.
Originally, CSS was developed synchronously. This allowed developers to version the latest recommendations. However , you can actually write CSS inline, employing an HTML CODE tag. Using a great inline design will override the style facts you’ve defined in an external style list.


A lottery is a game in which people choose numbers and hope to win prizes. These games are run by most states and the District of Columbia.
A number of states use lotteries to raise money for various projects. They also use lotteries to attract new customers and sell tickets at a profit.
Ticket sales increase dramatically for super-sized jackpots, and these draws earn the lotteries free publicity. It is important to keep the odds of winning small, so that people don’t feel they have no chance of winning.
The odds of winning a big prize are not easy to calculate. For instance, if you choose six numbers from one hundred balls and you get three out of sixty-nine, the odds of winning are about one in a million.
Some states have been increasing the number of balls to make the odds even smaller, but that can increase the cost of running the game. It also can reduce the number of people who buy tickets.
Another factor that affects the number of people who play is if the game is legal in their state. If a state’s lottery is not regulated, it can have a negative impact on the social welfare of its residents, according to research by the University of Massachusetts Lowell.
In addition to these social costs, lotteries are regressive, meaning that lower-income people spend more of their budget on them than higher-income people. For instance, researchers find that people with low incomes tend to play instant scratch-off games at a much higher rate than those who play big jackpot drawings like Powerball.


There are three broad classes of circuit boards in use today. With each board type having pros and cons, it is always important to understand the mechanics behind a given technique used by a circuit board assembler. There are many options for circuit board assembly in Toronto and the GTA—the choosing process can be arduous as the advantages and limitations must be evaluated. To save our clientele valuable time, we have summarized the 3 most popular circuit board varieties below.
Types of circuit boards:
- Breadboard. This is a temporary board primarily deployed in testing and trying out ideas. As a result, the components used on the board are not soldered, making them reusable. Being a temporary pre-assembly board, the position of the components can change until it works as intended, and only then can soldering be done by the circuit board assembler.
- Strip board. This is a more advanced board than the breadboard. Strip boards have copper strips on one side of the board flowing parallel to one another. With the copper strips lying parallel to one another, cross-directional interconnection of the various components is both easy and possible. The circuit board assembler can then complete soldering the components onto the strip board.
- Printed circuit board. A printed circuit board is the most advanced board, and consists of copper tracks linking the holes and the components placed on them. Specialist equipment is typically required in preparing the board. Designed to meet the needs of a given circuit, the printed circuit board has the location for each component meticulously labelled.
At Permatech, we are a reputable circuit board assembler specializing in the production of advanced circuit boards for all classes, with a focus on printed circuit boards. We have a team of engineering specialists working on every project as to ensure that it meets and exceeds the various assembly requirements and standards.


TWI Industrial Member Report Summary 1079/2017
By Ian Jones
Laser processing has significant potential for cutting of fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs), given that it is a non-contact, precise, low heat-input, high-productivity and highly automated process. Currently, however, laser machining of FRPs is not commonly used by industry. This report provides a review of the recent R&D of the processes for laser cutting of FRPs, highlighting the most successful procedures and identifying research needs.
- Technologies currently employed in cutting composites include milling, abrasive water-jet cutting, electrical discharge machining, ultrasound machining and laser cutting.
- Compared to other methods, laser cutting provides a narrow kerf, a high production rate and automation capability, though can give thermal damage at the cut edge and produces fume and dust.
- Laser cutting of carbon fibre composites provides greater challenges than glass or aramid fibres.
- Many studies have investigated methods of reducing the thermal damage or heat affected zone (HAZ), whilst retaining a high production rate. To date the most promising results, in terms of cut edge quality, have been seen using high power lasers, with high speed multiple pass scanning methods.
- By comparison, single-pass, gas-assisted laser cutting results in a wider HAZ, but is better suited to long cuts and large parts than a multiple-pass technique.
- Short pulse (picosecond and nanosecond) and UV laser systems provide very good cut edge quality, but slow processing rates.


"You might belong in Gryffindor": children's courage and its relationships to anxiety symptoms, big five personality traits, and sex roles.
Child Psychiatry & Human Development , Volume 41 - Issue 2 p. 204- 213
This study describes a first exploration of the construct of courage in youths. Children aged 8-13 years were invited to report on the most courageous action that they had ever performed during their life. In addition, the Courage Measure for Children (CM-C) was construed as an index of children's level of personal courage, and this scale was administered in two samples of school children (Ns being 168 and 159) along with a number of other questionnaires. Results indicated that children were familiar with the concept of courage as more than 70% reported to have carried out a courageous action during their life. In addition, self-reported courage as indexed by the CM-C was positively correlated with scores on a vignette measure of courage, parent ratings of children's courage, extraversion, openness/intellect, and a masculine sex role, whereas a negative correlation was observed with anxiety symptoms. The implications of these findings and potential directions for future research are briefly discussed.
|, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,|
|Child Psychiatry & Human Development|
|Organisation||Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam|
Muris, P.E.H.M, Mayer, B.N, & Schubert, T.W. (2010). "You might belong in Gryffindor": children's courage and its relationships to anxiety symptoms, big five personality traits, and sex roles. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(2), 204–213. doi:10.1007/s10578-009-0161-x
|pubmedcentral Author Manuscript|


Kythera Kastri Excavation 1963-1965
The main purpose of the excavagion in 1963 was to excavate a site geographically close to where a series of tombs had been discovered when building a road. The walls and floor of a Minoan settlement were found an excavated. On the Asprogas Ridge north of Kastri, a large tomb was excavated; many pieces of pottery were found and one skeleton with a dupondius near its head (signifying the reuse of the tomb in the Roman period). Other trial trenches revealed quantaties of classical pottery. The second season focused on the remains of houses damaged in the fifteenth cen. BC. On the Asprogas Ridge four Minoan tombs were excavated; reused in Roman and Byzantine periods. The survey was extended to Paleocastro mountain where the Hellenistic fortifications and architecture were studied. The third season saw the completion of the excavation of the Minoan houses. Three trial trenches were dug. Byzantine; Roman; and LM IB remains were found.
Active from Aug 1963 to 1965.
Kythera Kastri Excavation 1963-1965 (Fieldwork)Kythera Kastri Excavation 1963-1965: Season 1963 (Excavation)
Kythera Kastri Excavation 1963-1965: Season 1964 (Excavation)
Kythera Kastri Excavation 1963-1965: Season 1965 (Excavation)


After a week of negotiations in Nairobi, the United Nations has agreed to start working on a first-ever global plastic pollution treaty, Reuters reports. It’s not projected to be completed until 2024, but according to the UN it could end up being as important as the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, the most significant global effort to curb climate change yet. In 2019, the organization found that humanity is damaging nature at an “unprecedented” rate, with plastic pollution growing by more than ten times since 1980. Heck, we’ve even found microplastics in the Arctic, one of the most remote areas on Earth.
The real question, of course, is how UN members plan to address the scourge of plastics. As the New York Times reports, the agreement would involve coming up with legally binding measures to clean up plastic waste. But crucially, it would also involve limiting plastic production, a move that’s certain to face industry pushback.
As you’d expect, different countries also have different priorities. While major plastic producers like the US and Japan objected to language in the agreement, developing nations stressed the need for more involvement. In particular, the agreement highlighted the importance of waste pickers, who work long hours sorting trash, all the while breathing in toxic fumes.


The 10F1 is an early all glass screened amplifier pentode. The high impedance suggests applications with tuned circuits as anode loads, such as RF, or more likely due to the high gain, IF amplification in superhet radio, television or radar receivers.
The pins are located equi-spaced around the base circle and the metal skirt and spigot aid location. The pins are short and hard as was the case with early all glass designs.
Andy Talbot remembers dismantling a TV receiver from the late 1940s or early 1950s (Band I only) that used lots of 10F1s.
The control grid is wound on copper supports and a radiating fin is attached at the top. The wide helix of the suppressor grid can be seen through the holes in the carbonised cylindrical anode.
A view of the top mica. The cathode tube is rectangular.
The wire grids g2 & g3 can just be seen through the anode.
The thin glass tube envelope is 19 mm in diameter and, excluding the B8A base pins, is 51 mm tall.
References: 3002 & 1040. Type 10F1 was first introduced in 1948. See also1948 adverts.


Whether it’s consumer information or intellectual home, data security issues are becoming more prevalent. Corporations of all sizes are up against these issues.
A Ponemon Institute study observed that the standard cost of a data breach is $8 mil. And while many data removes are not www.ipvanishreview.net/5-critical-data-security-issues-you-might-have-right-now/ malicious disorders, they can cause a wide range of implications. These include harm to a provider’s reputation and loss of clients. In addition , attackers can use stolen data designed for credential stuffing or spear phishing.
One way to secure hypersensitive data is always to encrypt this. This can be performed in-transit, at-rest or both equally. But assailants are still capable of cause damage by eliminating or changing the data.
Make sure protect sensitive data is usually to enforce confidentiality simply by restricting access. Role-based access controls can help you. But there is certainly a major problem with these types of solutions: they can introduce needless risk.
One other challenge is that a large number of systems are susceptible to insider attacks. These can take place when staff mishandle info or discuss it with others.
To avoid these complications, organizations have to develop a solid security technique. They must distinguish the reasons for sensitive info, and set up a comprehensive policy to protect them.
They should as well make sure that every users contain strong passwords. This means requesting users to alter their passwords regularly. They have to be for a longer time and harder to speculate.
They should use multi-factor authentication solutions. These will help them limit the amount of users that could access very sensitive data.


Space heating is the largest end use in the residential sector in the International Energy Agency (IEA) member countries, with approximately 48% share. Since 2000, space heating intensity in households – defined as energy consumption per residential floor area – significantly decreased in most IEA countries. For instance, countries such as Australia, France, Germany, Korea and Sweden have experienced reductions of over 35% during this period. Such improvements can be attributed, for example, to better building insulation, refurbishment of old buildings and improvements in heating equipment.
For residential emissions, the share of space heating tends to be significantly higher than for energy in countries with low-carbon electricity generation (such as France, Sweden and Switzerland); reflecting the challenge of decarbonising the provision of this important energy service.
The results found from the latest data in the IEA energy efficiency indicators database suggest that there is still a vast untapped potential for energy saving and decarbonisation in buildings. For these and more detailed insights across sectors and end uses (for example, space cooling in services sector), as well as energy consumption, activity and, for the first time, emissions end-use data for the four main final consumption sectors (residential, services, industry and transport), see the newly released 2020 edition of the IEA energy efficiency indicators database with more recent data up to 2018.
The IEA will update the energy efficiency indicators database again in December 2020, with more recent data and expanded geographical coverage, at the same time of the publication of the 2020 edition of the Energy Efficiency Indicators Highlights report.
The untapped potential of energy efficiency has also been addressed at the IEA 5th Annual Global Conference on Energy Efficiency, this year with a focus on the role of efficiency under the global COVID-19 crisis health crisis.


The Fascinating Story of Maneckji Limji Hataria
The Fascinating Story of Maneckji Limji Hataria; Scholar, Civil Rights Activist and Personne Particulièrement Extraordinaire!
In 1779, the sudden death of the Shah Karim Khan Zand threw Iran into turmoil.
Fearing for their safety, two wealthy Zoroastrian families left Kerman and made their way to Yazd and eventually reached the distant port city of Bombay in 1796. One of them was a beautiful girl named Golestan-Banu, daughter of a benevolent merchant Kai Khusrau-i Yazdyar.
After arriving in Bombay the Yazdyar family was helped and looked after by the local Zoroastrians and Golestan eventually married a Framji Bhikaji and settled into comfortable life, however, her heart ached for her land Iran and her city Kerman.
She urged her father, husband and later her children to help her people in Kerman. Inspired by her, Golenstan’s husband Framji spent considerable time and fortune in assisting Iranians trying to find passage to Bombay.
In 1834, her eldest son Burjorji Framji set up a fund to assist Irani arriving in Bombay. 20 yrs later, her grandson Meherwanji founded an ambitious organisation ‘Society for Amelioration of the Condition of Zoroastrians in Iran’ and this would have far reaching consequences.
As the 1st emissary of this Society, the Surat (India) born “Manekji” arrived in Iran in April 1854 and with his charity, honesty, tact & patience in negotiations, and moral and physical courage, literally changed the fate of Zoroastrians in Iran in the next few decades.
His efforts led to the 1882 repeal of jazia on Zoroastrians by the Shah, secular education for Zoroastrian boys & girls (which was unheard at that time) and achieved universal literacy, became mostly urban and relatively wealthy in just a generation.
Manekji is fondly remembered by the Zoroastrian of Iran and a bronze bust of his placed in the famous atash bahram of Yazd. The social and economic success of Zoroastrians in Iran owes it to the generous support they received from the Indian Zoroastrians, aka “Parsi”.


Kazakhstan’s environmental state is at a critical crossroads, as the pressure of economic growth without adequate environmental controls and the legacy of unchecked industrial production are beginning to take a toll on people’s health. Industry in Kazakhstan contributes to over 30 percent of the country’s GDP, of which mining, which includes oil and gas production, is a significant share (18 percent in 2012). Evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution in Kazakhstan is having serious health and environmental consequences, particularly in urban and highly industrialized areas. According to a recent joint study of the World Bank and the MEWR, the economic and health costs of air pollution to society are upwards of US$1.3 billion per year, most of which are private costs to individuals and therefore do not appear in national accounts.
Under the Joint Economic Research Program (JERP) between the World Bank and the Government of Kazakhstan, the World Bank has provided recommendations to help modernize the air quality management system, along with the corresponding regulatory reforms necessary to increase industry compliance. Kazakhstan is among the first countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia to take a comprehensive approach to transiting to a green economy. The new Concept of Transition to a Green Economy strives to align environmental standards in Kazakhstan to those in the European Union (EU). The suggested improvements aim to increase industrial modernization to boost the country’s competitiveness, using modern green technologies. Study tours for ministry staff, organized jointly with the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) to industrial sites in Finland, allowed for hands-on experience exchange and training. The World Bank and FMI are currently working to incorporate the recommendations into the Kazakhstan Hydrometeorological Service modernization plans.


What is sunflower? What does sunflower look like, where do they grow, description, types of sunflowers.
Sunflower; any of a group of tall, coarse annual or perennial plants with large flower heads that turn to follow the path of the sun. The daisylike flower heads have yellow ray flowers surrounding a center of brown, yellow, purple, or nearly black disk flowers.
Sunflowers make up the genus Helianthns of the composite family (Compositae). One of the most familiar species, the common sunflower (H. annuus), sometimes reaches a height of 15 feet (4.5 meters) and bears huge flower heads over 1 foot (0.3 meter) in diameter. It is widespread in the western prairies of the United States and is the official state flower of Kansas. Several horticultural varieties of this species have been developed, some with attractive yellow and orange disk flowers. In the Soviet Union, India, Argentina, and Egypt, it is widely cultivated for its oily seeds. The oil obtained from the seeds is used in making salad oil, margarine, and candy. The cake that is left after the oil has been pressed out is used as a feed for livestock.
Another well-known sunflower is the Jerusalem artichoke or girasole (H. tuherosus). In Italian the word girasole means “turning to the sun.” This perennial plant grows 5 to 10 feet (1.5-3 meters) tall and bears all-yellow flower heads about 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter. Sometimes it is cultivated for its underground club-shaped tubers that are about 4 inches (10 cm) long. The tubers are edible and are occasionally eaten as a vegetable or used as food for livestock.
Other common sunflowers in North America include the thin-leaved sunflower (H. clecapetalus), the woodland sunflower (H. divaricatus), the swamp sunflower (H. angustifolius), the silverleaf sunflower (H. argophyllus), the giant sunflower (H. giganteus), and the showy sunflower (H. laetiflorus).


Fair Use (Section 107)
Fair Use may be available when using materials that are still in copyright. It is a flexible exception that allows socially valuable uses of copyrighted material.
Four factors are balanced to determine fair use:
1. The purpose of the use should be for non-profit education. If that use adds to the original in some creative way (like commenting on a poem or making a parody), the fair use argument is stronger.
2. Nature of the material should be assessed. Factual material is more likely to be allowed under fair use; creative work like music and art gets stronger protection, as does unpublished work.
3. The amount of the original work is only that which is necessary to accomplish the educational purpose.
4. Uses that substitute for purchasing available copies should be avoided; damaging the market for the original counts heavily against fair use.
Fair use applies in many situations, but depends upon a balancing of the factors. Members of the Duke community should seek out a subject librarian with copyright training. Members of the Duke University Medical Center will find targeted information on copyright via the Medical Center Library and Archives. Any member of the Duke community may directly schedule a consultation with copyright staff on this topic or send an email directly to email@example.com.
Fair Use Resources
- Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Academic Research Libraries
- Statement of Best Practices in Fair Use of Collections Containing Orphan Works for Libraries, Archives & Other Memory Institutions
- Other Fair Use Best Practices
- Stanford Copyright & Fair Use
- Ohio State University Fair Use
For more information about fair use in teaching, see this illustrative use case and discussion of the four fair use factors from the University of Texas.


EU moves closer to banning single-use plastics
According to research carried out by the EU, around 150,000 tonnes of plastic is disposed of in European seas and oceans every year. And although this is a global problem, the union has set out its plans to combat plastic waste in order to protect marine wildlife.
In light of this, earlier in the year, the EU detailed its plans to ban a lot of single-use plastics, which are commonly used in Europe’s supermarkets, restaurants, shops, and other places.
Now, the EU has now taken a major step in the banning of single-use plastic. This would include plastic cutlery, plates, and straws, and would be implemented by the year 2021. It’s believed that since non-plastic alternatives of these items are now available, retailers and fast food outlets should be replacing plastic with more sustainable materials.
It’s estimated that up to eight million tonnes of plastic are being tossed into the world’s oceans every year. The plastic travels through the ocean, having a massive impact on marine wildlife. When fish and other marine mammals eat the plastic, it can lead to death. Furthermore, when the plastic is eventually broken down, it doesn’t decompose like other products and breaks into smaller pieces of microplastic.
The new directive targets some of the most commonly used plastics, which are frequently thrown into the ocean, causing pollution, and threatening wildlife. The list includes cutlery, straws and cotton buds, which can be replaced by existing alternatives – for example, cardboard or paper.
Items that don’t currently have alternatives will still need to be reduced in every EU member state by 2025. More responsibility will also be placed with manufacturers to make sure plastic products are disposed of properly.
The legislation has been backed by MEP’s, with one claiming that if the EU doesn’t take swift action, “by 2050 there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans”. The vote was backed by 571 to 53, which according to Frédérique Ries, who is responsible for the bill, is “ “a victory for our oceans, for the environment and for future generations.”


Inbreeding tolerance as a pre-adapted trait for invasion success in the invasive ant Brachyponera chinensis.
Additional Document Info
Identifying traits that facilitate species introductions and successful invasions of ecosystems represents a key issue in ecology. Following their establishment into new environments, many non-native species exhibit phenotypic plasticity with post-introduction changes in behaviour, morphology or life history traits that allow them to overcome the presumed loss of genetic diversity resulting in inbreeding and reduced adaptive potential. Here, we present a unique strategy in the invasive ant Brachyponera chinensis (Emery), in which inbreeding tolerance is a pre-adapted trait for invasion success, allowing this ant to cope with genetic depletion following a genetic bottleneck. We report for the first time that inbreeding is not a consequence of the founder effect following introduction, but it is due to mating between sister queens and their brothers that pre-exists in native populations which may have helped it circumvent the cost of invasion. We show that a genetic bottleneck does not affect the genetic diversity or the level of heterozygosity within colonies and suggest that generations of sib-mating in native populations may have reduced inbreeding depression through purifying selection of deleterious alleles. This work highlights how a unique life history may pre-adapt some species for biological invasions.


ESRTM unit, also known as ESC, is composed of a Stainless Steel cylindrical reaction chamber, with a central titanium electrode. An electrical current is passed from the central anode to the cylindrical cathode so that some of the water molecules will disassociate to OH– and H+. The high concentration of OH– on the cathode will cause a high pH in the vicinity of the cathode.
High pH causes scale to precipitate and to be removed from the water and deposited on the reactor wall.
The water is not soft at the outlet of the ESRTM, but the scale forming ion content has been reduced to a level that prevents precipitation in the RO membranes.
The ESRTM will precipitate all scale forming ions, not just magnesium and calcium but also any other ions that are susceptible to dropping out of the liquid at high pH e.g. Silica, Ferum, Manganese etc.
In addition to the scale precipitation reaction, free chlorine is generated in the reactors from the feed water chloride.
The reaction is as follows:
Cl– + H+ → HCl
HCl + HCl → Cl2 + H2
The Cl2 is generated in small amounts and serves to control bio-growth in the ESRTM without added chemicals.
The ESR operation is monitored by measuring the electrical current from the anode to the cathode. If the current is within the design range then the unit is operating correctly.
The electrical current is very safe low voltage DC.
As the ESRTM is based on one standard reactor, this can be scaled to any flow rate.
The number of reactors is configured per the raw water quality, flow rate and RO configuration.
ESR Maintenance Requirements:
As scale is deposited in the reactors, the reactors have to be cleaned periodically. The cleaning frequency will vary per site conditions and a 30 second flush to drain. The period can be from twice a week to once a month. The cleaning is automatic and involves the reversal of the electrical current through the reactors.
No replacement of electrodes is needed.


Education is vital to a child’s development – it teaches literacy which is a fundamental building block for learning, imagination and personal empowerment, and it teaches confidence and a mindset which acts as a catalyst for social and economic progress.
On September 8th, 2015, we are celebrating International Literacy Day and focus on raising awareness for those who cannot read or write or are without access to quality education.
Approximately 775 million people – 64% of whom are women- are functionally illiterate. In other words, they lack the basic reading and writing skills to manage daily living and employment tasks.
The cost of illiteracy to the global economy is estimated at USD $1.19 trillion. The effects of illiteracy are very similar in both developing and developed nations. This means that the impact of illiteracy – limited opportunities for employment or income generation, higher chances of poor health, propensity towards crime or dependence on social welfare or charity (if available) – can be found wherever illiteracy is found.
Educating girls and women, in particular, has unmatched transformative power. It is estimated that if all women completed primary education, there would be 66% fewer maternal deaths. Beyond this very basic level, educating women increases household incomes and influences better educational outcomes for children.
For these reasons, FONA has committed to delivering better education opportunities in Nepal by establishing education centres of excellence. These centres will be established in rural areas to help overcome the social and economic challenges and disadvantages experienced in remote communities. Our vision is that the centres will become a platform for transformation of entire communities through education with a focus on applied learning particularly for secondary students and adults.
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In my previous post, What Contributes to Ocean Acidification?, I explained briefly what contributes to ocean acidification and why this is so harmful to our marine ecosystems. The response to why this is a serious threat to life in the Arctic region is thus quite simple, when we understand what contributes to ocean acidification and how this affects our ocean´s overall well-being.
The more greenhouse gases released into Earth´s atmosphere, a significant amount of which end up in our oceans, the bigger the damage in our marine ecosystems. When around nine million (9.000.000) people die each year worldwide due to pollution only, we can only imagine what all of the pollution, including dangerous toxins such as greenhouse gases, does to our atmosphere, our waters and our environment in general. In many parts of the world, e.g. coral reefs are already suffering and dying due to all of the pollution and toxins absorbed by our ocean´s and other water sources. Coral reefs are living beings, small animals, which are extremely important to our marine ecosystems. If we lose our corals due to human-caused release of toxins such as greenhouse gases, we will ultimately destroy ourselves.
ALL of our marine ecosystems are already endangered and damaged. What makes the Arctic region especially vulnerable is its unique ecosystem, which has until now been protected by thick layers of ice and permafrost. When glaciers melt, ice sheets melt, and permafrost melts, the release of dangerous and harmful greenhouse gases, especially methane, accelerates and causes even more damage to our (marine) ecosystem.
Learn more about Arctic Ocean Acidification by watching Nordisk Samarbejde´s video:
Connect with me on Twitter @annemariayritys. For climate/environment-related posts only @GCCThinkActTank. Subscribe to Leading With Passion to receive my latest posts.
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Research and data
We provide funding for cancer research to make sure we have the evidence we need to make better decisions.
- Medical Research Future Fund
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Australian Cancer Trials
- Cancer Australia
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Programs to help detect and prevent cancer
We run free cancer screening programs to help detect cancer before you have symptoms.
The National Cancer Screening Register
We established the National Cancer Screening Register to support our national screening programs for bowel and cervical cancer. The register is used to:
- manage participant details, including invitations and reminders to screen
- collect, store, analyse and report on screening program data.
The comprehensive data helps inform policy, improve program quality and service delivery.
Population-based screening framework
Reducing the risk of cancer
The National Immunisation Program provides free vaccines to eligible people against:
- HPV, which can help prevent cervical cancer, anal cancer and other cancers
- hepatitis B, which can help prevent liver cancer.
We also have strategies to help Australians minimise their cancer risk:
Treating and managing cancer
We work to support people with cancer and improve cancer outcomes by:
- providing free or cheaper cancer treatment and medicines under Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
- developing national guides to promote best practice cancer care – Optimal Cancer Care Pathways.
Committees and groups
We chair committees and groups that focus on cancer screening and improving cancer outcomes.


A study which Meningitis Research Foundation members helped with has made an important discovery about how variations in a person’s genes can make them more at risk of developing meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia.
Meningococcal bacteria are the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the UK and Ireland.
At any one time as many as one in 10 of us will harmlessly ‘carry’ meningococcal bacteria in the back of the nose and throat, yet only very few people go on to develop meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia.
The reason for this lies at least partly in our genes, with different people reacting in different ways to the presence of the bacteria in their body. For example, people with some types of genes seem to be less able to restrict meningococcal bacteria to the nose and throat, meaning it has the chance to invade the meninges or blood stream and cause meningitis or septicaemia.
The study, published in Nature, aimed to investigate this further, through using novel approaches to compare the DNA of patients affected by meningococcal disease with the DNA from healthy people to identify whether there are any genetic differences.
This led to the discovery of two new genetic variations in our DNA which were associated with an increased risk of developing meningococcal disease.
While clinical tests are not yet available to identify these genes, through improving our understanding of the way in which meningococcal bacteria invade the body and have such devastating effects, this research could help inform the development of new vaccines and treatments that could help defeat meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia.
Meningitis Research Foundation would like to thank our members and supporters who made important contributions to this research by providing samples to be included in the investigations.


Comparing Assamese vs Russian countries gives you idea about number of countries that speak Assamese and Russian languages.
So we find that, total number of countries where Assamese is official language is 1 whereas total number of countries where Russian is official language is 4
Find if Assamese and Russian are Most Spoken Languages. Comparison of Assamese and Russian speaking countries will give you the presence of Assamese and Russian languages in different countries. Along with Assamese vs Russian countries, you can also compare Assamese vs Russian.
In Assamese and Russian speaking countries you will get the countries which have Assamese and Russian as minority language. The language which is spoken by minority of population in the country is called as minority language.
If you want to compare Assamese and Russian dialects, then you can go to Assamese vs Russian Dialects. Some of the official languages are also considered as minority languages.
Assamese and Russian speaking countries provide you Assamese and Russian regulators which are the official organizations that regulate them. Asam Sahitya Sabha regulates Assamese language.Russian is regulated by Russian Academy, Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Also get to learn, Assamese and Russian Language History.
Thinking about Assamese and Russian continents in which Assamese and Russian speaking countries are present. Check out more information on Assamese and Russian. Most of the Assamese speaking countries lie in Asia. While Russian speaking countries lie in Asia, Europe. Continentwise, most of the languages belong to Asian Languages and African Languages. It's always fun to know about interesting facts of any language, so lets discuss about unknown facts of Assamese and Russian languages:
Assamese Interesting Facts:
Russian Interesting Facts:
The Assamese language was derived from Sanskrit Language and is similar to Bengali and Oriya whereas Assamese language is similar to Ukrainian and Belarusian Languages and derived from Proto-Slavic Vocabulary.
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This name project was so simple, but it was Owen’s favorite out of everything we’ve done recently! He has been becoming increasingly aware of letters that he knows on books and signs and cereal boxes, etc. I told him that we could cut letters of out cereal boxes and spell his name, and he has been after me to do it ever since I mentioned the idea to him!
We raided the recycling bin for boxes, and he got to work.
Owen really enjoyed cutting, gluing, and making sure that the letters were in the right order! It was also interesting to him to look at all the different colors and sizes of letters. Owen doesn’t really know the difference between capital and lowercase yet, but we are starting to work on it. He recognizes both E’s, but he couldn’t tell you which one is which. For this project we used both, and we’ll continue to work on discriminating between capital and lowercase in the future.
It’s nice for Owen that he has a short name! I’m not sure what I’ll do when Jonathan is this age.
More Ideas for Learning the Alphabet:
Hide and Seek Alphabet Letters
A Running Game with ABC Flash Cards
Katherine Collmer Apr 28, 2013
You make this so much fun!!! Thanks for sharing - will do the same:)
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get better on its own, but it can make some people seriously ill. It's important to get the flu vaccine if you're advised to. However, some people are at greater risk of serious flu-related complications and should see a doctor.
The common cold is a viral infection of your nose and throat (upper respiratory tract). It's usually harmless, although it might not feel that way. Many types of viruses can cause a common cold. Normally we can expect to have two or three colds each year.
one of the most common medical conditions; more than eight in 10 of us will experience it during our lifetime. There are many reasons why your back may hurt—from a pulled muscle to more serious back and spine conditions.
Everyone experiences Stomachache, tummy ache, gut ache and bellyache. stomachache pain can be mild or severe. It may be continuous or come and go. Stomachache pain can be short-lived (acute) or occur over weeks, months or years (chronic).
Headache is pain in any region of the head. Headaches may occur on one or both sides of the head, be isolated to a certain location, radiate across the head from one point, or have a viselike quality.
Skin rashes can occur from a variety of factors, including infections, heat, allergens, immune system disorders and medications. One of the most common skin disorders that causes a rash is atopic dermatitis (ay-TOP-ik dur-muh-TI-tis), also known as eczema.


||Monitoring of the wolf Canis lupus is a demanding task as it lives in low densities, utilizes vast home ranges and disperses over large areas. These factors make obtaining accurate data about population parameters over the whole distribution area of the species impossible. Thus detailed local studies on socio-spatial organization are essential to calibrate information obtained over a larger area. We applied GPS/GSM telemetry, non-invasive genetic sampling, year-round tracking, camera trapping and howling stimulations to determine the number of family groups, population density and home-range sizes of wolves in the Drawa Forest (DF, western Poland, 2500 km2), an area recently recolonized by the species. Home ranges of three collared male wolves ranged from 321.8 to 420.6 km2 (MCP 100%) and from 187.5 to 277.5 km2 (Kernel 95%), but core areas had a size of 30.5-84.7 km2 (MCP50%) and 35.0-88.8 km2 (Kernel 50%). Mean near neighbour distance between centres of 6 tracked pack homesites was 15.3 km. The number of wolves in DF increased from 14 individuals in 2013/2014 to 30 in 2016/2017. The annual rate of increase varied from 43% in 2014/2015 to 7% in the final year. Population density for the whole study area was relatively low (1.2 indiv./100 km2 in 2016/2017), but densities within territories of two packs studied with telemetry were 1.9 and 1.5 indiv./100 km2. Mean pack size varied between 3.5 and 5.6 individuals, with the largest pack comprising 8 wolves. Mean number of pups observed in summers (June-August) was 4.5. Differences in home range sizes between wolves in western and eastern Poland indicate that results of regional studies cannot be freely extrapolated despite close genetic relationships. Thus, decisions related to management of wolf habitats should be based on intensive local studies.


Java Programming is a class-based, object-oriented programming language and is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. A general-purpose programming language made for developers to write once run anywhere that is compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java. The syntax of Java is similar to c/c++.
It is a programming language created in 1991. James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton, a team of Sun engineers known as the Green team initiated the Java language in 1991. Sun Microsystems released its first public implementation in 1996 as Java 1.0
Features of Java Programming
Java is one of the simple languages as it does not have complex features like pointers, operator overloading, multiple inheritances, Explicit memory allocation.
We don’t have pointers and we cannot access out of bound arrays in java. That’s why several security flaws like stack corruption or buffer overflow is impossible to exploit in Java
Java language is robust that means reliable.
Early detection of errors is one of the features of Java language that is why the java compiler is able to detect even those errors that are not easy to detect by another programming language.
Java is portable because it facilitates you to carry the Java bytecode to any platform. It doesn’t require any implementation.
Java is a dynamic language. It supports the dynamic loading of classes. It also supports functions from its native languages, i.e., C and C++.
These are some of the main features of Java.
Want to learn Java for free, then kindly refer to the links below:


More than one hundred years ago Western scholars began to investigate the origins of Islam, using the highest standards of objective historical scholarship of the time. Their aim was to determine what could be known about Muhammad and the rise of early Islam quite apart from the pious and totally unobjective traditions preserved by the Muslim religious community. In some ways this research was inspired by a similar investigation of Christianity made famous by Albert Schweitzer’s Quest of the Historical Jesus. Today, although much has been learned about early Christianity, little comparable progress has been made in the field of Islamic Studies. Here objective historical research has long been severely handicapped both by the resistance of Muslim societies to Western analysis of their sacred traditions and by the apologetic approaches of many Western scholars, who have compromised their investigations for fear of offending Muslim sensitivities.
It is in this context that Ibn Warraq presents this anthology of the best studies of Muhammad and early Islam ranging from the very beginnings of Islamic Studies in the nineteenth century to contemporary research. In his introductory essay, Warraq makes it clear that some very serious scholarly controversies lie at the heart of Islam. First, the Koran itself, the Muslim sacred scripture and the foundation of Islamic culture, is called into question as the basis for objective historical knowledge of Muhammad. Some scholars have also questioned the reliability of most of the other early Arabic documents that supposedly attest to events in the life of Muhammad and his followers. Was the Koran really dictated by Muhammad? Was it actually compiled earlier than a hundred years after the Prophet’s death? How much of Muslim sacred tradition, in the light of objective historical analysis, must be dismissed as unreliable hearsay? Were the motives of the first Muslim conquerers during the Jihad truly religious in nature or largely mercenary? These disturbing questions, long suppressed throughout the history of Islamic scholarship, are here raised again in these erudite and thoroughly researched essays by noted scholars, including C. H. Becker, Herbert Berg, Lawrence I. Conrad, G. R. Hawting, Arthur Jeffret, Judith Koren and Y. D. Nevo, Henry Lammens, Ibn Rawandi, Ernest Renan, Andrew Rippin, and Joseph Schacht.


Meanwhile, insured losses were estimated at USD 30 billion - 8% higher than the 20-year average of USD 28 billion.
Natural disasters were responsible for approximately 2,200 fatalities during the first half of 2020, significantly below the long-term (1980-2019) average of 39,800 and the median of 7,700. Flooding was the deadliest natural peril during the period, having been responsible for 60 percent of the death toll.
The total of 207 global natural disaster events recorded by Aon's catastrophe model development team for 1H 2020 was above the 20-year average of 184 and the median of 189. There were at least 20 separate billion-dollar economic events during the first half of the year - led by the United States with 10 events; Asia Pacific (APAC) with five events; Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) with three events and the Americas with two events.
Cyclone Amphan, which killed 133 people in India in May, was the costliest economic event of 1H 2020, causing an estimated USD 15 billion in direct damage loss.
A severe weather event in the United States from April 10-14, which killed 38 people, was the costliest insured event, with claims totaling nearly USD 3 billion.
The first six months of the year were marked by many smaller- and medium-scale disasters, which impacted a large number of communities globally. From a peril perspective, there was an unusually low number of significant earthquakes in 1H 2020.
Click here to view the full Global Catastrophe Recap: First Half of 2020 report.


A hare one day ridiculed the short feet and slow pace of the Tortoise, who replied, laughing: “Though you be swift as the wind, I will beat you in a race.” The Hare, believing her assertion to be simply impossible, assented to the proposal; and they agreed that the Fox should choose the course and fix the goal. On the day appointed for the race the two started together. The Tortoise never for a moment stopped, but went on with a slow but steady pace straight to the end of the course. The Hare, lying down by the wayside, fell fast asleep. At last waking up, and moving as fast as he could, he saw the Tortoise had reached the goal, and was comfortably dozing after her fatigue.
The moral of the story has always been told as – slow & steady wins the race.
Why is this the only moral of the story? Can the moral not be stated as – Do not be too proud of your strengths?
Is it not possible that this particular hare was foolish enough to doze off? Is it not possible that the hare learnt his lesson after losing the race?
What is the probability that the tortoise has more than 50% odds of winning in any given race with a hare? Will you bet on the hare or the tortoise?
Why is the moral told from the tortoise’s viewpoint but not from the hare’s viewpoint?
I think there would be no story if the hare had won the race. The tortoise was the underdog & therefore his winning is the crux of the story.
But it is still difficult to wrap one’s head around the point that a slow & steady approach of the tortoise will always be a winning strategy against the hare.
While this seems obvious, there is another perspective from which this approach makes real sense and this is what Aesop was referring to as the moral of the story.
The slow and steady approach is actually a mental attitude towards attaining one’s aim. It refers to remembering one’s aim and not forgetting it. Even if one makes a slow and steady progress, it is better than making fast, random, distracted efforts like the hare, who got lazy, tired and slept off. The hare did not remember his aim and ultimately lost to the tortoise.


The websites listed below are excellent resources for veterinary as well as general topics for your pets.
Companion Animal Parasite Council offers valuable information for pet owners on zoonotic diseases (diseases that can be passed between animals and people) as well as information on various other parasites. Please click herefor more information.
The ASPCA offers a poison control hotline. You can visit their site for more information by clicking here.
Dogs and Ticks provides in depth information about tick-borne diseases, the signs and symptoms related to them, and an interactive map that shows prevalence. To visit the site please click here.
Pet Health Network is an extensive resource for pet owners. It allows you to search for any topic you wish to learn more about, such as behavior, chronic diseases and tips for pet owners. You can visit their site by clicking here.
Cornell University offers recent research, diagnostic testing, and resources on a wide variety of animals, including cats and dogs. Feel free to visit their site for updates on infectious diseases by clicking here.
AAHA provides owners with many resources, including microchip look up, Pet Health Library, and information on general health and safety. You can visit their website by clicking here.
Own a cat? The American Association of Feline Practitioners offers cat owners information on a wide array of topics, including general health, dentistry, welcoming a new feline into the family, and countless others. Please click here to visit their site.
The Catnip is a newsletter for cat owners, published by Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University. This is a great resource for anything cat health and behavior related. Please click here to visit their site.


The Raspberry Pi is a tiny $25-$35 Linux-based computer that's been designed to make programmable devices more accessible, with a view to having them everywhere from schools to the home. It's potentially a lot more than a simple educational tool, though — it's capable of handling 1080p video and graphics that Raspberry Pi Foundation board member David Braben (of Elite development fame) describes in an Edge interview as "quite a way beyond Quake III Arena." The foundation believes that the proliferation of easy-to-use but expensive devices such as modern PCs and game consoles has made people a lot less willing to experiment with computers. The hope is that creating an inexpensive, small (about the size of a credit card) device will open the doors to people who otherwise wouldn't have considered learning about the way computers work.
The device has a 700MHz ARM processor, 128MB or 256MB RAM depending on configuration, HDMI and RCA video outputs, and SD card storage, with power coming over a 5V Micro USB connection. It's designed to plug into a TV, and you should be able to do most everyday computing tasks from there. After more than five years of planning and development, It looks like you'll be able to get your hands on a Raspberry Pi soon, with main production due to start next month.


Here is the 4th most popular post so far this year:
The researchers isolated and synthesized 8 of the peptides and tested their ability to fight infections. Seven of the peptides were found to have antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Staphylococcus aureus whereas the 8th peptide showed antimicrobial activity only towards P. aeruginosa. Thus, for humans these proteins may pave the way for the development of new treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
BM Bishop, ML Juba, PS Russo, M Devine, SM Barksdale, S Scott, R Settlage, P Michalak, K Gupta, K Vliet, JM Schnur, ML van Hoek. Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Varanus komodoensis (Komodo Dragon) by Large-Scale Analyses and De-Novo-Assisted Sequencing Using Electron-Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Proteome Research. In Press. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00857
Categories: Illnesses and Injuries, Nature's Solutions
Tags: antibacterial, antibiotic, drug-resistant bacteria, komodo dragon, MRSA
Thanks for sharing the great news that komodo dragons have antibacterial blood
LikeLiked by 1 person
This article is very interesting, I think it’s fascinating to think that Komodo Dragons possess antibacterial peptides in their blood to protect them from their own venom! Charlie Sheen should have said he had Komodo blood instead of Tiger blood. Hopefully these peptides will lead researchers to develop new medicines or processes to help humans.
it is really interesting news, further investigation in this may lead to the discovery of new anti-bacterial specially nowadays lots of bacterial have developed resistance to number of antibiotics


This distinctive-looking African herbivore is usually observed on migratory movements in search of alternative food resources.
- Length 1,70 - 2,20m
- Weight 110 - 180Kg
- Longevity 20 years
- Diet Shrubs and Herbs
- Habitat Grasslands and Savanna
- Reproduction 1 cub
For more info on classifications status visit:
Black Wildebeests are animals with dark brown fur, shorter in summer than in winter. Its tail is white. Both males and females have curved horns, which can reach 78cm each, forming a protective shield. They have a tuft of white hair on the snout and a black beard on the neck that extends to the chest.
Black Wildebeest live in herds and migrate together. Females and their offspring come together and form a herd and the strongest females are at the top of the hierarchy. Males form herds separately from females. Only the females take care of the offspring and they stay with their mothers until the birth of a sibling.
This species of wildebeest is distributed exclusively in South Africa. These animals inhabit areas of pastures and savanna, which can occupy up to 100ha per herd, depending on the amount of pasture available. They can go for a few days without drinking water.
Globally, the latest estimate for Black Wildebeest was for a total population of over 18,000, of which about 80% was in private reserves and 20% in protected areas.
Historically, the main threat to this species has been hunting pressure, habitat loss and periodic disease outbreaks. However, now that the species is recovering and numbers are increasing, the only significant threats are hybridization with blue wildebeest, which can occur when the two species are mixed unnaturally in a fenced area, as they do not cohabit. in the same zones and the loss of genetic diversity existing in small and isolated areas, leading to increased inbreeding within the species.


A Guide for Navigating the Politics of the House and Senate Floors
Required reading for anyone who wants to understand how to work within Congress
The House and Senate have unique rules and procedures to determine how legislation moves from a policy idea to law. Evolved over the last 200 years, the rules of both chambers are designed to act as the engine for that process. Each legislative body has its own leadership positions to oversee this legislative process.
To the novice, whether a newly elected representative, a lawmaker’s staff on her first day at work, or a constituent visiting Washington, the entire process can seem incomprehensible. What is an open rule for a House Appropriations bill and how does it affect consideration? Why are unanimous consent agreements needed in the Senate?
The authors of Inside Congress, all congressional veterans, have written the definitive guide to how Congress really works. It is the accessible and necessary resource to understanding and interpreting procedural tools, arcane precedents, and the role of party politics in the making of legislation in Congress.
Praise for Inside Congress
Corning, Dodin, and Nevins provide a “pocket guide” for anyone interested in learning about the legislative process. It is particularly useful for undergraduate students and “political junkies” who care to understand how rules and maneuvers are used to fashion legislation. Highly recommended.—CHOICE


Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 18502458
Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2008 Dec;102(12):1247-54
From September through December 2005, an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever occurred in South Kordofan, Sudan. Initial laboratory test results identified IgM antibodies against yellow fever (YF) virus in patient samples, and a YF outbreak was declared on 14 November. To control the outbreak, a YF mass vaccination campaign was conducted and vector control implemented in parts of South Kordofan. Surveillance data were obtained from the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health. Clinical information and serum samples were obtained from a subset of patients with illness during the outbreak. Nomads, health personnel and village chiefs were interviewed about the outbreak. Mosquitoes were collected in 11 villages and towns in North and South Kordofan. From 10 September to 9 December 2005 a total of 605 cases of outbreak-related illness were reported, of which 45% were in nomads. Twenty-nine percent of 177 patients seen at clinics in Julud and Abu Jubaiyah had illness consistent with YF. Five of 18 unvaccinated persons with recent illness and 4 of 16 unvaccinated asymptomatic persons had IgM antibodies to YF virus. IgM antibodies to chikungunya virus were detected in five (27%) ill persons and three (19%) asymptomatic persons. These results indicate that both chikungunya and YF occurred during the outbreak.


The evidence continues to mount – more teens are vaping high-potency cannabis that can permanently damage the teenage brain. A new study, published in JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association), analysed 17 studies conducted throughout Canada and the United States that involved nearly 200,000 adolescents.
Here is a summary of some of the findings:
- Marijuana vaping by school-aged youth doubled between 2013 and 2020 (with reported use within the last 30 days rising seven-fold during the same time period)
- Adolescents reported a preference for vaping cannabis extracts over dried herbs to get the buzz they desired from THC
- Modern ultra-potent strains of weed can contain over 15% THC, compared to the 4% or so available in the 1990s
- The use of cannabis products with high THC is easily achievable through vaping
- Increased risk of drug dependence, other substance use and many other health, social, and behavioural problems later in life
- Cannabis use during teenage years “can have permanent effects” such as poor coordination and damage to learning, memory, problem solving skills, and the ability to pay attention
- Use of weed by teens is linked to poor school performance and an increased likelihood of dropping out
- Teen use of marijuana has been linked to a range of mental health problems in teens such as depression or anxiety, even psychosis
- People who begin using marijuana before the age of 18 are four to seven times more likely to develop a marijuana use disorder than adults
- Vaping weed is associated with a dangerous, newly identified lung disease called EVALI, short for e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury
Parents need to be on the lookout for signs, symptoms and behaviours that could indicate their teens are using drugs. Some of the warning signs could be fatigue, irritability, moodiness, forgetfulness, sleeping much longer (or conversely, insomnia).
Further reading …


Rolls-Royce is designing an autonomous naval ship capable of patrol, surveillance, mine detection and fleet screening. The latest version of the ship is 60m long and capable of traveling for 100 days. With a top speed above 25 knots, the ship maintains a range of 3,500 nautical miles.
The company is banking on a future where large, human operated, ships operate in consonance with smaller autonomous ships. Automating traditionally manual operations has the potential to simultaneously save money and increase safety.
But without humans on board, nobody is physically standing by in the event of a malfunction. Rolls-Royce says it prioritized the reliability of its power and propulsion systems to reduce the number of unsolvable maintenance issues. This meant adding in some mechanical redundancies and implementing machine learning-powered predictive and remote maintenance capabilities.
The Rolls-Royce ship is designed with solar cells to generate power to extend the amount of time the ship can remain in standby mode. The ship comes equipped with a fully electric propulsion system.
Autonomous ships are nothing new. DARPA worked with Leidos to design and build an autonomous ship for quietly tracking submarines. The proof of concept showed that operation of the craft was significantly less expensive than its manned counterparts.
Any autonomous ship needs to have sufficient protection from threats faced by cyber warfare. Rolls-Royce says it’s paying specific attention to these threats. With maturing computer vision and sensor technology, this, and downtime, remains one of the greatest challenges to implementation.
It’s unclear at this time who might be interested in purchasing the ships. Rolls-Royce plc is based in the United Kingdom.


Posted on: January 29, 2016
For our last post on maintaining your hearing health in 2016 we will discuss sensory deprivation. This is the idea that hearing deteriorates faster in those with untreated hearing loss versus those who have sought out treatment for their hearing loss. It is thought that this happens because reduced hearing leads to less stimulation of the auditory nerve and areas of the brain responsible for auditory processing. Think of it like two paths in the woods, one well used and one not. The one that is not used will grow over and become harder and harder to traverse. Similarly the underused nerve deteriorates further and further.
A study published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America set out to test this idea. They recruited people who had hearing loss in both ears, but only used a hearing aid in one. They found the hearing level to be similar in both ears, but people had a harder time understanding speech in the unaided ear. That is the ability to discriminate speech deteriorated faster in the ear that was not treated.
Treating hearing loss early is the best way to slow the rate at which speech discrimination and processing decline. To do this hearing loss needs to be caught early. This is why it is important to have your hearing tested regularly. Just like your eyes and teeth, having your hearing checked should be part of your regular health routine.
For more information or to book an appointment please contact one of our three locations:
Lower Sackville: 902-252-3004
Cole Harbour: 902-406-4327


Provides tips for parents of young children, early education and child care providers, and pediatricians to promote social-emotional health among young children.
You are here
Provides families with practical information about integration to help them get involved in the integrated care movement and improve the quality of care their child receives in the pediatric primary care setting.
Offers increase understanding of the program rules and help fulfill the promise of EPSDT for young children.
Addressses Mental Health Concerns in Primary Care brings together a myriad of ready-to-use resources and tools on one instant-access CD-ROM.
Provides resources and a guide to a public awareness campaign that was launched by The Departments of Health and Human Services and Education which is targeted at numerous sectors (e.g.
Presents research-based screening tools for children under age 5.
Houses a collection of materials created for the health care professional working with military families with very young children who may be experiencing significant deployment related challenges.
Provides an introduction to and list of resources intended to enhance the ability of health care professionals to care for military families, as well as to share additional resources in a manner that hopefully will be easily integrated into their daily practice.
Explores characteristics of both healthy and unhealthy dating relationships, provides strategies for assessing whether dating abuse is occurring and how to intervene when required, provides guidance on norms and policies schools may employ, and provides extensive resources to key support staff in...
Provides a systematic framework for evaluating the quality of classroom-based social and emotional learning programs and applies this framework to rate and identify well-designed, evidence-based SEL programs with potential for broad dissemination to schools across the United States.


If exercise isn’t one of your favorite activities, here’s something that might change that—a dog.
We’ve known for some time that interacting with dogs lowers one’s stress levels, blood pressure and resting heart rate. It also increases oxytocin, the “bonding” hormone.
Now: New research adds yet another important benefit to the list—a big increase in daily exercise.
Previous studies have found that dog owners tend to be more active than people without pets. But that research was mainly based on memory and self-reports, which can be unreliable.
In the recent study, which was published in BioMed Central Public Health, researchers used electronic monitors to track the amount of time that dog owners and non-dog owners spent standing, walking, sitting, etc. All the study participants were age 65 or older.
Result: Dog owners spent an extra 22 minutes a day walking (logging an additional 2,760 steps), compared with study participants without dogs.
The researchers acknowledge that people who are already active may be the ones who are most likely to own dogs, and the study wasn’t designed to determine cause and effect. But it makes sense that having a dog encourages people to get more exercise.
But what if the thought of owning a dog sounds like too much work and/or expense? Volunteering to walk dogs at a shelter or rescue group can get you moving, too.
“It is a win-win for the shelter dogs and the individuals who are looking to add walking to their lifestyles,” says Angela Fern, MS, a senior exercise physiologist at Beaumont Health’s Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation Program in Royal Oak, Michigan.
Bonus: Shelters usually need walkers in the mornings, afternoons and evenings, which makes it easy for volunteers to find times that fit their schedules.
So lace up those walking shoes and take your tail-wagging friend out for a salutary stroll!
Editor’s note: Read on if you’ve ever wondered why some dogs like to chase their tails or have other unusual habits.


From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level : Not much
Mains level : Paper 2- Judicial pendency
Recently, the Chief Justice of India, in his own mild way, protested against the attack on judges. One can understand his pain and agony, but he too knows that judges do not, and should not live in ivory towers.
Questioning and analysing actions of the judiciary
- As the judiciary is one of the pillars of democracy, and the Constitution entrusts judges with the task of protecting the constitutional rights of the people, especially the right to life and liberty, the consumer of justice has every right, and would be fully justified in critically examining, and commenting upon each and every word of the judges spoken or written, howsoever unpalatable it may be.
- It appears that it is in the above spirit that MP Shashi Tharoor, speaking in Parliament on the High Court and Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Amendment Bill said that the judiciary had failed to stem the tide of militant majoritarianism.
- He alleged that the “judiciary’s inaction almost always favours those in power”.
- He has raised pertinent questions, and has brought out the glaring failings of the judiciary in matters concerning the protection of the constitutional rights of citizens.
- Pendency of important cases such as the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution, the Citizenship Amendment Act, electoral bonds, and many petitions under the preventive detention laws highlights this issue.
Issues in functioning of collegium system
- As regards the functioning of the collegium system, judges are transferred without any seeming justification, and in some cases re-transferred, justifying neither their initial transfer nor the re-transfer.
- Some elevations of judges raise eyebrows, while some are ignored.
- Should the collegium not be more transparent than it has been in the past in the matter of the elevation and transfers of judges?
Judges cannot be shielded from citizens’ questions. After all, as a consumer of justice, the citizen has a right to know.
UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)
Thank you very much please.


The new ngRADAR at the Green Bank Telescope offers unprecedented Earth-based views of the solar system
When a baseball pitcher throws a fastball, the speed pops up on the jumbotron thanks to radar. The technology is also useful for air traffic control, highway speed traps and weather forecasting—and it’s not reserved for Earth. Astronomers have used radar to probe the planets and asteroids around us, measuring their speed as they whiz around the sun and imaging the details of their surface.(more…)
Planetary Defense & Science Will Advance With New Radar on Green Bank Telescope
With less power than a microwave, prototype produced highest resolution images of Moon ever captured from Earth
With a transmitter less powerful than a microwave oven, a team of scientists and engineers used the National Science Foundation’s Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) to make the highest-resolution radar images of the Moon ever collected from the ground, paving the way for a next-generation radar system to study planets, moons, and asteroids in the Solar System.
A Synthetic Aperture Radar image of the Moon’s Tycho Crater, showing 5-meter resolution detail. (click images above for full view) Image credit Raytheon Technologies.(more…)


Evaluation of Landsat-Based Area Measurement Accuracies for Surface Water Area in New Mexico
An effort to refine the techniques and methodology used in a previous WRRI project and to establish a better understanding of the data accuracy requirements of water resource management agencies are described. The objectives of this research were: 1) to identify the data accuracy requirements of resource management agencies who create or utilize reservoir volume statistics, and 2) to compare those requirements against measurements of surface water area taken from Landsat reflective infrared (band 7) imagery and digital data tapes by digital and areal measuring methods. Project results show that the maximum amount of tolerance acceptable would be +20%. However, it was suggested that in all cases a +10% accuracy range would be more useful.
The results for objective number two indicate that consistent and reliable measurements of reservoir surface areas from Landsat satellite data are possible. it appears that a computerized digital measuring technique such as the Image 100 can be used now to make reservoir surface area estimations. It is also possible that measurements from the planimeter and image scales of 1:250,000 can be improved to meet the desired accuracy levels. Further work needs to be done to improve on the measuring techniques and procedures to provide data with a known variance and reliability. There is also room for newer and more advanced classification and measuring techniques to be evaluated. One such technique would be automated image classification using unsupervised statistical classifiers. Other image processing systems which are more economic to run and easier to operate than the Image 100 should also be investigated.
Project Nos. 3109216, 1345631


servlet api is a Windows program that allows users to write Java classes for web applications. There are instruments for responding to HTTP requests, creating cookies and maintaining sessions. Please note that Java Runtime Environment is necessary for the correct functioning of all features.
The main function of servlet api is to accept HTTP requests from a browser and return an appropriate response. These tasks are executed by the service module of the servlet. You can send objects used to create output and request data from the client. The utility contains all interfaces, classes and methods that are required to develop a web application.
This software contains a number of interfaces that define all network transactions between the servlet and the runtime environment. Additionally, there are classes for web containers that are not specific to any protocol.
Instruments for sending and receiving complex network requests are provided. Users are able to isolate individual data packets and reroute them to other local clients.
- offers you tools for developing Java web applications;
- free to download and use;
- there is a large collection of custom Java classes and interfaces for network transactions;
- users can respond to various types of HTTP requests;
- Java Runtime Environment is required for installing the program;
- compatible with all modern versions of Windows.


Behind hearing aid Cleaning[Ear-back hearing aid cleaning tips]
During the use of hearing aids, the earwax produced in the ear canal will accumulate at the mouth of the ear canal and the earmold, and a large amount of accumulated earwax will affectBehind hearing aidThe sound quality, so please clean your ear canal and hearing aid earmold regularly.
Behind hearing aid
1. Cleaning the earmold
1First, use your fingers to pinch the ear hooks and catheters and remove the earmold from the hearing aid.
2) Use a small brush and a soft, dry cloth to clean the earwax on the earmold. Use a mild detergent if needed. (such as water, flexible soap, etc.)
3) The earmold can be rinsed with water.
4) Dry the earmold with a cloth.
5The water droplets on the catheter and the earmold are blown off as much as possible and blown dry.
1) Before cleaning, be sure to separate the earmold from the hearing aid. Do not let the hearing aid touch the water.
2The catheter can be connected to the hearing aid only after the catheter and the earmold are completely dry. When connecting, make sure that the earmold corresponds to the left and right ears of the hearing aid.
3) When connecting the earmold to the hearing aid, make sure that the earmold behind hearing and the arc parts of the two-match.
4If you encounter the following conditions, please consult the fitter:
a) Earmold causes pain or discomfort
b) Unable to remove earwax from the earmold
c) The tube turns yellow or becomes brittle
2. Cleaning hearing aid
1) Clean the hearing aid with a dry, soft cloth.
2Please clean on a soft table to avoid damage when the hearing aid falls.
3) Remember: Please do not use any liquid or water.
Link：Cleaning of the behind-the-ear hearing aid [ear-back hearing aid cleaning technique]
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A Cultural History of the Human Heart
Please note: This part of the website is still under construction!
Why “Heart burial and heart symbol”?
Why would one deal with such a remote topic as “Heart burial and heart symbol”? One thing came after another: For many decades I, being a cardiologist, have been dealing with the history of cardiology. The intensive examination of the heart symbol and heart ornamentation in literature, art and philosophy inevitably led me to the phenomenon of heart burial. Heart burial means the interment of the heart separated from the rest of the body, usually in a different place. The largest part of this website is dedicated to this apparently macabre custom.
How the (red) heart symbol, which superficially has little in common with the anatomical heart, has developed over thousands of years, is explained in the section “The heart symbol”. A gallery illustrates the interesting development from the ivy leaf to the red playing card heart.
I was a cardiologist and senior internist consultant at the Burghausen clinic until April 2007. I have studied the history of cardiology for many years.
The texts published on this website are partly taken from my book “Ewige Herzen – Kleine Kulturgeschichte der Herzbestattungen” (“Eternal Hearts – a short cultural history of heart burials”, our of print), published 1998 in MMV Medien und Medizin Verlag, Munich.
I am currently working on a book on “Heart burials in Europe”.
I am always thankful for hints, especially for such on heart burials. Please write to email@example.com.
Prof. Dr. Armin Dietz
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Defining "Sex" and "Gender"
“Gender" refers to socially determined roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a society considers appropriate for the stereotypes of males and females.
As Victoire Tuaillon explains in her popular scientific journal on masculinities: "Socialisation is the set of processes by which we construct ourselves, by which we are formed, modelled, shaped, manufactured, conditioned, and gendered: our gender identity is the framework in which we shape the feeling of our own identity. Gender marks the way we move, whether we allow ourselves to interrupt someone mid-conversation or not, our occupations and concerns, our styles of clothing, but also our gestures, the pitch of our voice, ...".
From birth, we differentiate between babies according to their sex because they are assigned a gender (male or female), and this differentiation gives them access to a restricted and discriminating panel of opportunities. This phenomenon of individual differentiation is superimposed on the phenomenon of gender hierarchy. Indeed, "in almost all known societies, what is masculine is considered superior". There are many examples of this: gendered languages such as French, where the masculine form prevails, or the fact that we encourage the little girl who wants to play football (an activity considered masculine), all the while worrying about a little boy who likes to dance (an activity considered feminine). As the researcher Olivia Gazalé sums up, since ancient times and still today, "being a man is first and foremost about not being a woman"; in other words, not being effeminate.
It is impossible to escape the phenomenon of gender inequality and male domination (summarized under the term "patriarchy"). It is deeply rooted in history, an undercurrent of almost all cultures, and is structural, i.e., present and determining in all facets of our society, including the world of sport.
Source: Gender Book 2020 - Flying Rabbits Ultimate Club
French podcast: https://open.spotify.com/episode/5gsJequvuJ3xpSezxOUT5p?si=WaShWvHmQCmqRk6rw_51og


William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963) was a pediatrician and general practitioner who worked out of his home on 9 Ridge Road in Rutherford, New Jersey. Williams knew from very early on that he would have to support his love for writing with another career. In his autobiography he writes:
“First, no one was ever going to be in a position to tell me what to write, and you can say that again. No one, and I meant no one (for money) was ever (never) going to tell me how or what I was going to write. That was number one. Therefore I wasn’t going to make any money by writing. Therefore I had to have a means to support myself while I was learning.”
Williams pursued medicine and poetry with equal dedication and commitment and often times simultaneously, for example stopping by his poet friends’ apartments in New York City after long days of advanced graduate training at pediatric clinics. Known for writing poems on the back of prescription pads, Williams felt being a doctor and a poet were “two parts of a whole, that is not two jobs at all, that one rests the man when the other fatigues him.”
Happy 129th Birthday, WCW!
Chair Emeritus is a monthly feature highlighting famous poets who have or are living the double life.


To Build A Windmill
Hello and welcome back to the blog readers!
Many of you readers have probably seen the new giant white towers that have gone up outside Perry recently. These Wind Generators were built to generate electricity using wind, but they are not a new concept; people have been building and using windmills to harness the wind for centuries. Modern windmills are erected using cranes and other machines, but have you ever wondered how windmills were raised in the past?
Fortunately, here at Hometown Heritage we have a couple of pictures that show the raising of a windmill, so your curiosity can be fulfilled! Below, you can see the raising a windmill on the Read farm around 1920. Raising this kind of windmill took many workers. Similar to raising a barn, the windmill seems to have been constructed on its side, and then pulled up into position with the workers pulling on the ropes. Curiously, in the picture there appears to be ropes on either side of the windmill, not just on the side being raised. Perhaps the other ropes were used to keep it steady while going up, or maybe would be used as anchors once the windmill was up? Another curiosity is the wooden structure on the left side of each picture. It appears to be some kind of big “X”, with the ropes running through the top. What is curious about this is not its purpose, as it most likely was used to create the leverage needed to raise the windmill. What makes it curious is why this method is employed instead of a pulley system, or something similar. Do any of you readers know why this big wooden x was used? If so, please let us know in the comments!
Readers, do not forget that the Gary Ernest Smith Art Exhibition is starting soon! The opening reception here in Perry is on August 23, from 4:30 to 6:30 P.M. You can find the link to the event on Facebook by clicking here. Feel free to invite people you know to come see the paintings of Gary Ernest Smith!
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Would is the past tense of ‘will’. It is also a modal verb. As with other modal verbs, would’s meaning varies depending on its context and usage. A will is a document that contains instructions for after a person dies. In this case, John’s will leaves his wife out of his money and property. He intended to leave her some money and property after his death, but he did not include her.
A Will is the document that specifies a person’s wishes. There are several types of wills. One type is the notarial will, a document that has formalities under English law, but does not name an executor. Another type is a serviceman’s will, which is not subject to the same formalities. And a husband and wife’s will is an arrangement between two people, with one party making the will and the other signing it.
A will outlines how your property will be distributed after you die. It includes all assets and property that you own, with some exceptions such as a joint life insurance policy with a specific death beneficiary. In addition, a will also describes any specific gifts to individuals or legacy donations to charitable organizations. In some states, a will should override any previous wills and verbal agreements. The best time to write a will is before you die.
A will is an important legal document that specifies the distribution of an individual’s property after his or her death. It is also necessary to state who belongs to the will, sign it, and have it witnessed by two people. A will also can specify funeral or burial arrangements or appoint guardians for minor children. If you have a complex estate, it may be necessary to hire a lawyer to draft the document. However, it is possible to create a will on your own.
Once you’ve created your will, the next step is to decide who will receive the contents. The beneficiaries of your estate can be anyone you’ve designated in your will. They can include your spouse, children, or business partners. Depending on your wishes, you can name a contingent beneficiary as well. This is particularly important if you have children or want to leave property to a charity. If you decide to leave all of your assets to children, you may want to list these items in your will.


In its simplest form, cash accounting is a system in which a company records expenses and revenues as the money changes hands.
When your client hands you cash, it is reported in your books. Likewise, when you pay a vendor, the expense is realized. Note that cash accounting has many names, so you may have heard it called cash-basis accounting, the cash method of accounting, or the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting, among others.
If you remember our discussion of Bookkeeping for your SaaS Business, accounting is split into two categories: the cash accounting we discuss here and the more complicated, but also more accurate, accrual accounting.
Unlike cash accounting, accrual accounting recognizes revenues and expenses as they are posted using accounts receivable and accounts payable journal entries.
The table below gives you a quick and easy reference for the differences:
If you are having trouble keeping track of when your services are ordered vs. when invoices are paid, you should sign up for the Baremetrics free trial, and start monitoring your subscription revenue accurately and easily.
Cash Accounting Advantages and Disadvantages
1. Cash Accounting Advantages
There are many benefits to cash accounting, most of which are especially true for new and/or small businesses:
- Cash accounting is simple and intuitive. This is immensely important when day-to-day bookkeeping is done by someone who isn’t an accountant or specifically trained in bookkeeping. If you are a business of one, or at least operating lean enough that everyone wears multiple hats, then cash accounting will make your life easier.
- You can move up expenses at the end of the year and push revenue forward to minimize your tax burden. Note that some jurisdictions don’t like this, however, and will usually make larger businesses switch to an accrual system when they reach a revenue threshold.


Are Cavities Contagious?
In general, cavities are formed when bacteria stays on the teeth and results in tooth decay. But can you catch a cavity like you can a cold or flu virus?
First off, a cavity is a hole in the tooth forms due to untreated tooth decay. How does tooth decay form in the first place? While most people think it is due to sugary candy, bacteria is the real culprit. Bacteria that is left on food particles in your mouth produce an acid that eats away at your teeth.
Since bacteria is transferred from person to person, you can say that in a way cavities are contagious. Those who are most vulnerable to contract cavities are infants and young children. Mothers will taste food or cool it with their mouth first and then hand it off to their babies, transferring germs along the way. We all love to smooch babies, which is another way germs are passed on to them, increasing the risk of cavities.
Preventing Cavities in Children
- Avoid transferring food from your mouth to your child’s mouth.
- Don’t wash off pacifiers or bottle tops with your saliva.
- As your child’s teeth come in, wipe them with a cloth after meals, or if they are older, use a soft brush
- Avoid sending your baby or toddler to bed with milk or juice that will stay on their teeth as they sleep.
- Bring your child to the dentist early. This will help set up healthy dental routines and habits and detect any warning signs of teeth or gum issues.
In general, routine dental hygiene is the best way to avoid tooth decay. Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, floss once a day, limit sugary foods, and visit your dentist for regular cleanings and checkups.
If you suspect a cavity in you or your child, please call our office to make an appointment. Cavities left untreated can cause greater pain and harm to the tooth.


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The entry point in investing refers to the price point, which is suitable for investing or buying security. An investor determines the entry point based on a well-researched trading strategy which minimises investment risk and also removes any emotional decisions. Analysis and research will help in taking objective investment decisions.
Investing involves buying or selling a security. The transaction of purchase or sale allows a person to make investment and exit at a future point in time. The price of purchase is the entry point. For example, Mr X carries out research and finalises a few stocks for investment, but apparently, the price is high as per his research. He then waits for the entry price to drop to buy the stock.
In investing, any person should exercise caution and objective judgment. One should also have the patience to wait for the entry point and also exit from the investment in order to earn good returns on investments. Research helps in determining the entry point and exit point before making an investment.
Investors must ensure there is a gap of time between the entry and exit point to maximise the reward from the investment. The time gap also helps in building a good portfolio with patience. One can determine an entry point from the trends in the stock prices, statistical measures, and averages. They may be a range within which you can invest in a stock.
An investor can streamline entry points using a set of rules. For example, the trading strategy of an investor may generate only one entry point when a stock price crosses the 200-day moving average and when the moving average convergence divergence signal indicating line crosses 0. A trader may automate this process to generate various entry points.
An investor can optimise various entry points normally after a short counter-trend move or a period of consolidation in a stock. Investors can also programme entry points into trading algorithms, which in turn automatically enable trades when a set of conditions are met. You can also use algorithms to include exit points to manage the risk. In a range-bound market, you can determine suitable entry points near key support and resistance levels.


Diesel exhaust exposures are leading to high rates of fatal lung cancers in underground miners, according to a new study.
Researchers from Australia and the Netherlands found underground production workers, including diesel loader operators and shotcreters, face the highest risk. They called for strict controls to limit their exposure.
The study, published online in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine, marks the first phase of an investigation into conditions in Australian mines. Using Department of Mines and Petroleum data from 2003 to 2015 and other studies, it modelled the average levels of exposure among employees in a range of occupations on Western Australian mine sites. It then estimated the number of lung cancer deaths caused by those levels with stark results.
“If somebody were to be exposed as an underground miner, we saw that that person would be exposed to on average 44 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3),” said lead investigator Dr Susan Peters from the University of Western Australia.
At this exposure level over a 45-year working lifetime, compared to the general population the miners would have 38 extra lung cancer deaths per 1,000 males. Above-ground mine workers were found to face a lower but still elevated risk, with an average exposure of 14 µg/m3 over 45 years causing about 5.5 additional lung cancer deaths per 1,000 workers.
The paper concludes “exposure levels in the contemporary Australian mining industry are still substantial, particularly for underground workers. The estimated excess numbers of lung cancer deaths associated with these exposures support the need for implementation of stringent occupational exposure limits for diesel exhaust.”
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified diesel exhaust as a top rated ‘Group 1’ human carcinogen in 2012.
- Susan Peters and others. Estimation of quantitative levels of diesel exhaust exposure and the health impact in the contemporary Australian mining industry, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, published online first, 15 November 2016.


- Moville Community College
Post 5 - Hand and Respiratory Hygiene
Additional sinks are being installed in corridors to replace the loss of some sinks where risk assessment advice requires us to remove one from use in bathrooms. Students are reminded that washing ones hands with soap and warm water is the most effective way of killing Covid 19. Alternatively, hand hygiene can be achieved by the use of a hand sanitiser (when hands look clean). Dispensers will be placed in every classroom and at the entrance to the school.
Students, staff and visitors to the school are asked to use soap and water where possible so as to reduce the amount of plastic waste caused by purchasing of gels.
Posters displaying hand washing techniques and promoting hand washing are on walls adjacent to washing facilities.
The Response Plan advises that students and staff should perform hand hygiene:
· On arrival at school;
· Before eating or drinking;
· After using the toilet;
· After petting animals;
· After playing outdoors;
· When their hands are physically dirty;
· When they cough or sneeze.
Please cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your bent elbow when you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately and safely into a nearby bin.
By following good respiratory hygiene, you protect the people around you from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19.