Areas in Triangle
In a triangle, mark 1/3 of each side counting from vertices in a certain order. Connect those points to the opposite vertices. Prove that the area of the middle triangle thus obtained is 1/7 that of the given triangle. This is a well-known puzzle with multiple solutions. One straightforward solution that makes use of Ceva's and VanObel's theorems generalizes to the case where we mark 1/N-th of each side. The illustration below draws on the knowledge derived from those two theorems.
|What if applet does not run?|
(Note that for N = 2, we get what may be called a proof without words for the fact that the area of the triangle (shown in red) formed by the medians of a given triangle equals 3/4 of the area of the latter. Another such pww appeared in the April's issue (1999) of Mathematics Magazine. A trigonometric and similarity argument can be found in [Mathematics Visitor].
- S. Rabinowitz (ed), Problems and Solutions from the Mathematical Visitor (1877-1896), MathPro Press, 1996, #8
|Activities| |Contact| |Front page| |Contents| |Did you know?| |Geometry|
Copyright © 1996-2018 Alexander Bogomolny


Watching television for more than six hours a day is more hazardous than smoking, according to a survey.
Every hour spent in front of the box after the age of 25 slashes life expectancy by 22 minutes compared to those with a more active pastimes.
The survey, carried out by Australian researchers on 11,000 adults, revealed a sedentary lifestyle is as bad for people as cigarettes and obesity.
Not only does it increase levels of inactivity, but watching TV also poses more opportunities for unhealthy eating.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the academics, from the University of Queensland, said: "TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life that is comparable to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
They used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: “While we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialised and developing countries are likely to be comparable, given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns.”
Adults spend on average four hours a day watching TV compared with five hours in the US.
The findings were also compared to smoking, with an average of 11 minutes of life lost to every cigarette.
England's Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know – that doing a little bit of physical activity each day brings health benefits and a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks.
"Adults, for example, can get their 150 minutes of activity a week in sessions of 10 minutes or more and for the first time we have provided guidelines on reducing sedentary time.”


Clues Revealed to a Michigan Mining Mystery
There are thousands of prehistoric copper pit mines in the western upper peninsula and on Isle Royale. That's how we know that somebody carted off a half-million to a billion tons of copper hundreds of years before the trappers set foot in Michigan and before the modern copper mining industry started in the U-P. But where did that copper go, and who mined it? Now we may have a clue.
Ron Rademacher, author of "Michigan Back Roads: Oddities & Rarities," has been following the mystery for some time and has written about it on his web page. The speculation has been that people from Egypt, China, Phoenicia or Scandinavia sailed into the Great Lakes and hauled out the copper..
Rademacher, who appeared on the 95.3 WBCK Morning Show with Tim Collins, said carbon dating on the pit mines dates back to 2500 BC. He says the theory is that the copper was shipped to Europe to supply the metal necessary for the Bronze Age. He says odd clues have been found as to who mined the copper. One is the MacIntosh Stone.
In the mid 1980s, Charley Macintosh was out picking agates on the tip of the
Keweenaw peninsula. On of the stones he found was covered with odd engravings.
The stone is small, about the size of two dimes laid side by side. Rademacher says experts date the stone's origin to 200 b.c. to 300 a.d. This past July, high resolution photos where taken and reveal never before seen details.
Knight Side – shows a man kneeling in front of another man. Receiving a
Ship Side – shows a ship in the lower left. Above the ship is a symbol that
has been interpreted as a buckler meaning, "thrust out [to sea] at launching.”
This stone is a subject of an article in the current issue of Ancient American
Magazine. The article deals with the Knight Side.
So far experts disagree on the origin. One believes it to be Mediterranean and the other Native American.
The MacIntosh Stone is available to see at the Nahma Inn in Nahma Michigan.


Home-based asthma environmental education for parents of asthmatic children is needed since many health professionals lack the time to offer it. However, developing targeted and tailored education is important in order to address the individual needs of participants. This nonrandomized longitudinal study examined knowledge on asthma with an Asthma and Healthy Homes educational intervention training offered to parents of children from low income families who reside in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Eighty-nine parents received the training and pre- and posttest surveys were used to measure knowledge outcomes. A standardized assessment on asthma triggers was used to identify the different triggers each child was exposed to, and a follow-up survey was conducted 6 months after the educational intervention to identify how many parents reported household and behavior changes as a result of the training. Results showed significant changes in behavior by participants as a result of the training received. This study suggests that these behavioral changes are attributed to the dual "targeted" and "tailored" educational interventions delivered to parents which resulted in a greater understanding of how to manage asthma by eliminating asthma triggers in their respective homes.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Journal||Journal of Environmental and Public Health|
|State||Published - 2015|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis


Berlin Science Week 2022: The Second Quantum Revolution - Public Lecture by Prof. Dr. Jens Eisert at the Department of Physics
What exactly will quantum computers be used for and what might they look like?
Quantum mechanics forms the basis for a wide range of technological applications, from lasers to semiconductors, DVD players to supercomputers. The development of these technologies based on fundamental quantum mechanical research is often referred to as the first quantum revolution.
In recent years, a new development is emerging that promises to dramatically change our world, the second quantum revolution. It takes advantage of the fact that radically new modes of information processing arise when individual physical systems are used as information carriers that obey the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum computers, as they are already being built at moderate scales, are now the talk of the town: they promise to solve important computational problems that are out of reach for even the most advanced supercomputers.
After years of being merely a tantalizing theoretical vision, quantum computers are now being created in laboratories that, while not yet universal computers capable of solving all computational problems, are already faster than supercomputers for solving paradigmatic tasks. Quantum simulators allow insights into complex quantum systems from quantum chemistry and materials science that cannot be achieved by classical simulations.
With the help of quantum communication, tap-proof data transmission is possible. Such applications have considerable technological potential. The German government has just launched a program on quantum technologies funded with almost two billion euros, which highlights the considerable strategic importance of this research field. Equally, it is important to keep expectations realistic and grounded.
This talk offers a brief tour of this exciting topic, which is being funded by an Einstein Research Unit.
Time & Location
Nov 10, 2022 | 02:00 PM - 03:00 PM
Lecture Hall A
Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin
- Berlin Science Week 2022
- public lecture
- quantum devices
- quantum physics
- quantum revolution
- quantum technology


On Tuesday 1st February, Rosecliffe Spencer celebrated Chinese New Year (CNY) for the first time!
Having missed last year’s celebration due to lockdown- we knew that this year’s celebration would have to be special! We’ve also had lots of families join us from overseas and what a way to welcome to the Rosecliffe Family.
The day started with a Chinese culture and New Year workshop led by three of our parents. The children learnt so much about Chinese culture and how CNY is celebrated. During the interactive workshop some children were also handed out red envelopes. This is a tradition, red envelopes containing money are handed out to children; on this occasion they received a sticker wishing them a happy New Year!
Throughout the day the children participated in a range of workshops.
Dumplings are one customary food that’s eaten for the New Year. One reason is that they resemble the old gold money used in China. Thus, dumplings symbolise the hope for prosperity in the coming year. Usually the dumplings are filled with meat however we filled ours with carrots and courgettes! ‘Mine were delicious’- Sasha.
According to legend, light was instrumental in saving a village from Nian, a monster which had terrorised the village. Making lanterns is also thought to bring good luck.
Calligraphy is the art of drawing characters and artistic writing. Mrs Tarttelin taught us how to write ‘good luck’ and ‘happy New Year’ using special calligraphy brushes. We learnt that characters need to be written very carefully! ‘This was really good fun


Ever Wonder Why Whales Sing? [Video]
As divers we can all remember the first time we heard the sound of a whale’s song. Here is some insight into why.
Marine mammals often rely on sounds as a means of communicating. Sound travels four times faster in water than air. The sound of whales singing or vocalizations are among the most famous and instantly recognized of all the underwater vocalizations.
Whale songs are failry complex. Only a few species of whales are known to sing. They include the Blue, Fin , Humpback, Bowhead and Minke whales. These are all baleen whales.
A humpback whale was recorded singing for 22 hrs. It has been found that its mostly the males that are singing and this is during mating season. therefore, it is believed that they are singing for territorial reasons or to attract mates.
Each discrete population has its own unique song. For whatever reason, these songs have been found to change over time.
The increased noise pollutio created by us in the oceans has been proven to interfere with whale’s communication. In some cases even decreasing the amount of whale vocalizations.
Watch thf ollowing highly informative video below for more details about how whales vocalize.
Images Source: YouTube Clips
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Suppress Cough and Reduce Sputum
This class of herbs can perform two actions simultaneously: suppressing coughing and reducing germs. However, it is also frequently used to treat asthma, tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, gravel, goiter, and convulsions. This class of herbs is divided into three subclasses:
Herbs to reduce hot sputum, including antipyretic dichroa, snake gourd, and tendril-leaved fritillary bulb, among others.
Herbs to suppress coughing and relieve asthma, including bitter melon fruit, sweet apricot, zuccarinis buttercup, and white cynanchum.
Herbs to reduce cold sputum, such as jimson weed. Hot sputum appears yellowish, whereas cold sputum appears white.
Herbs to reduce hot sputum are often used to treat tuberculosis of the lymph nodes and goiter, while herbs to reduce cold sputum are often used to treat aching joint pain, as in arthritis. Herbs to suppress coughing and relieve asthma are often used to treat bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic cough, pulmonary tuberculosis, and tracheitis.
Since there are many different causes of sputum, the precise cause should be determined in order to treat it effectively. A cough with discharge of blood should not be treated with large doses of herbs in this class in order to avoid additional bleeding. A cough associated with the common cold should be treated with this class of herbs along with the class of herbs to induce perspiration (class 1).


Click here for a PDF file of this article
In 1982, the United States Supreme Court addressed the tension between free speech and protecting children by holding child pornography outside the scope of First Amendment protections. Critical to the Court’s decision was the fact that child sexual abuse is necessary to produce child pornography. But what if technological advancement removed child abuse from the equation? The recent phenomena of virtual child pornography and morphed images involve the digital alteration of adult pornography to create the appearance of child pornography. The Alaska legislature amended its child pornography statute in response to these developments, proscribing the possession of morphed images. While the federal government has attempted to regulate this digitally altered child pornography, the majority of states aside from Alaska remain silent on the issue. This Note explores the relationship between free speech jurisprudence and the harm that morphed images pose to children, arguing that Alaska’s child pornography statute is a promising model for other states to address the threat that digital child pornography poses. However, this Note concludes that pornographic material must be intrinsically related to child abuse to justify its prohibition. Accordingly, this Note argues that while a state statutory ban on materials that rely exclusively on digital doctoring is likely unconstitutional, the Alaska statute prohibiting pornographic images that involve the digital editing of an identifiable child’s face onto an adult’s body is constitutional. Other states should thus follow Alaska’s example and enact a statutory ban on morphed images to ensure efforts to protect children keep pace with technological advancement.
Daisy Gray, Do You Know It When You See It? Using Alaska’s Child Pornography Statute as a Nationwide Model for Proscribing Morphed Images, 38 Alaska Law Review 231-274 (2021)
Available at: https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/alr/vol38/iss2/4


Monday, August 08, 2011
Public Access Defibrillators
The building I have an office in is having a Automated external defibrillator installed. So I went along to the training course. The IEEE-CS article "Idiot-proofing the Defibrillator" describes how these devices have been automated so that they issue verbal and text instructions to the user and administers electrical shocks. The AED is used when a person's heart suddenly stops (and they are usually unconscious). The model demonstrated by Paul Jones from Australian Defibrillators was the Zoll AED Plus. Another model is the Philips HeartStart Home Defibrillator (AED). There would appear to be scope for more automation with the AEDs. One would be to add a screen with animations (presumably as LCD screens become cheaper due to smart phones, this will be possible). Another would be to have a mobile phone and GPS built into the device to call the emergency services.
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The new AEDs work with a microprocessor inside the defibrillator. The microprocessor analyzes the victim's heart rhythm through adhesive electrodes. It then audibly advises the operator whether a shock is needed. AEDs will advise a shock only for ventricular fibrillation and fast ventricular tachycardia. The electric current is delivered through the victim's chest wall through adhesive electrode pads. The system is safe, so that a shock will not be delivered to someone whose heart rhythm does not need defibrillation.
Defibrillator training course
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Innovations in conventional and digital printing technology have led the printing industry on an upward trend, favoring the implementation of different creative solutions.
Digital printing is making more and more room for the offset printing industry. Offset printing is still the most common printing technology, but the second most widely used is polychrome digital printing with toner, which, in addition to superior quality, provides standard accuracy, ease of use and efficient production.
Digital printing in general has a strong impact on all market sectors. The success of digital printing Denver production has created competition from commercial printing houses. At the same time, the number of converters in the packaging sector offering digital printing services has increased. Consequently, the production of digitally printed packaging is increasing every year.
It is estimated that there will be increases in the area of color equipment, both in the office range and in the production range.
Environmental conservation is also becoming a responsibility of the printing industry, an attitude that has already generated considerable changes in the way they operate and will continue to do so. The printing industry is in a constant process of adopting green technologies, which have a low impact on the environment. These include the use of vegetable or soy-based ink, energy efficiency and the elimination of surplus materials that remain in stock.


Today we are going to be learning about multiplication. We will have a short lesson on this at 9am. Following the lesson, you need to watch the video ‘Mulitply 2-digits by 2-digits’ if you are doing the silver or gold task and the video ‘Multiply 4-digits by 1-digit’ if you are completing the bronze task. You need to work through the questions in the video and then complete the Maths task below.
Today we are doing another line by line Guided Reading session. However, this time there is a video for you to watch. On this video you will hear a teacher reading the extract, this will then be broken down into line by line for you to pause and answer questions.
Please find the video in the Video Resource Centre and the PowerPoint attached below.
As we learnt about the solar system yesterday, today we would like you to create your own model solar system at home. Use the PowerPoint from yesterday to help you but be as imaginative as you can. You could use cereal to create your solar system or you could create small 3D planets to show it.
We have attached a few examples below to help you.
Today we are going to look at ‘ough’ words. Complete the activity and see if you can crack the code.
You need to complete your relevant level for Number Magic. If you want to challenge yourself, try completing the next level instead.


(( please write it in basic vocab))
Please answer each question thoroughly with between 5-7 paragraphs as needed to explain your position (NOTE: a proper paragraph is at least 5-7 full sentences).
PART A: SHORT ANSWER/ESSAY
Social and Economic Thought/Theory Milton Friedman – Capitalism and Freedom I, II, V, VII, X, XI
1. Do you think Friedman is correct in his viewpoint on (1) the Role of Government in a Free Society, (2) Social Welfare Measures, and (3) the Relation between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom? Why or why not? Explain.
Section II: Ethical Theory and Thought on the Self The Buddha – The Dhammapada 617-634 2.
In light of viewing the DVD Life of Buddha and reading the appropriate passages within The Dhammapada what do you think of the Buddhas viewpoint on the Self Is he correct? Why or why not? How does this relate to the Four Noble Truths and the Eight Fold Path? Nirvana? Explain
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About 41 results.
The Sūrah narrates the experience of Moses and the Israelites with Pharaoh in an attempt to reassureMuhammad and The Faithful that despite institutionalized persecutions ...
... its title from the word al-Qaşaş in Āyah 25, which means The Narratives, as about half ofit is devoted to the narrative of Moses.
After those Messengers, WE Thumma assigned Moses with prophet hood baAAathna min and OUR miraculous signs.
And visualize when Moses said to Wa-ith qala moosahis young attendant - said to be lifatahu la abrahuJoshua, who was to become the hatta ...
Led by their prophet Moses they journeythrough the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh promises them the landof Canaan (the \"Promised Land\") in ...
The Israelites begin the journey, butthey \"murmur\" at the hardships along the way, and about the authority of Moses andAaron.
Hisministry1Exodus 2 The Birth, And The Training Of Moses, Both In Egypt And In Midian, As Preparatory To His CallingBible History Old Testament.
Moses Merrill Camp & Conference Center, a ministry of the Wild Turkey WhitetailAmerican Baptist ...
Moses, thenation of Israel itself, Joshua, Gideon, David, and other men of the Bible had dealings with the Angel ofthe Lord.
... Moses ...


Four-wheel Electric vehicles can be seen everywhere in […]
Four-wheel Electric vehicles can be seen everywhere in our lives, and there are more and more people riding electric vehicles. Popularize the fire protection awareness of electric vehicles.
1. Always check the electric bicycle's circuit plug-in points to prevent the contact points from igniting and heating due to weak contact; avoid short circuits and series accidents caused by line aging and wear.
2. During the normal use of the electric vehicle, if there is a failure, you should choose a professional maintenance organization or personnel, do not disassemble the electrical protection device without authorization, and ensure that the electrical circuit and the protection device are intact and effective.
3. When charging the battery of an electric bicycle, flammable gas will escape. Therefore, the charging must not be carried out in a narrow and sealed environment. It should be done outdoors as much as possible, or the battery should be removed and charged separately.
4. When charging, choose a suitable line. The line should be fixed and installed, and short-circuit and leakage protection devices should be installed.
5. The charging of electric vehicles must be far away from flammable materials. The charging time is too long, the charging time is too long, the charger is overheated and it is easy to cause fire. When charging, it should be charged according to the instructions. The charging time should not exceed 10 in principle. Hours.
6. When starting and climbing when the electric bicycle is traveling, you should pedal to help to prevent excessive starting current and long-term overloading of the mechanical parts, causing overheating damage to the motor coil, wiring, battery and governor, or even causing damage. Into a disaster. Try to avoid driving on rainy days and water-filled roads to prevent water from entering the motor and short-circuit and fire during charging.
As long as we use electric vehicles reasonably, there will be no fires. The main purpose is to remind everyone to use electric vehicles and put safety first when charging.


As minimum wage is understood as the lowest amount that can be paid to the employee for his full time work. Approximately 4% of people in Slovakia work for minimum wage. The minimum monthly wage is given by law and in 2020 it is 580 euro. That is 3,333 euro per every hour of work.
The Slovak Labour Code specifies some additional fees for overtime, work at night, work at state holidays, etc. You are entitled for additional fee for work at night if you work at night. As night work is considered time from 22:00 until 06:00. Some work is more difficult and therefore their coefficient is higher as well as the minimum wage. (minimum wage is multiplied by the coefficient of the relevant job position) The given minimum wage is understood as gross minimum wage.
The lowest possible monthly wage varies from the country. In the European Union the highest minimum wage is in Luxembourg and the lowest minimum wage is in Bulgaria. In some states the minimum wage is not given. the minimum wage in Slovakia increases every year. F.e. in 2017 the minimum wage was 435 euro, in 2018 it was 480 euro, and in 2020 it shall be 580 euro. In the below given tab you can see how the minimum monthly and hourly wage varies.
|Minimum wage – year||Monthly wage||Hourly wage|
|2020||580 €||3,333 €|
|2019||520 €||2,989 €|
|2018||480 €||2,759 €|
|2017||435 €||2,50 €|
|2016||405 €||2,328 €|
|2015||380 €||2,184 €|
|2014||352 €||2,023 €|
|2013||338 €||1,941 €|
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Earthworm move on the complex uneven ground by its own peristalsis. Therefore, earthwormlike structure can be applied to a mobile robot which moves autonomously in a narrow pipe or on an irregular ground. In this study we propose a simple two-dimentional link model consists of flexible bar elementswe capable of calculating the locomotion pattern of the soft creatures including an earthworm. Calculated locomotion pattern of the earthworm-like structure is similar to the measured ones. It is found that the earthworm-like structure can move at a constant speed on the plane ground when fiction coefficient is large enough. It is also found that the earthworm can move even when there is a projection or several segments are broken down.
|ジャーナル||Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, C Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part C|
|出版ステータス||Published - 1999|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Dr. Kerry Robinson
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant spotlight on vaccines as a key tool to protect the public’s health. The high visibility of the roles that vaccines play has also been accompanied by a wave of vaccine-related misinformation and disinformation. This webinar will focus on childhood vaccinations to show how the COVID-19 vaccines came to be, the latest developments, and actions underway to support informed choices about vaccination and build vaccine confidence in Canada. We also will highlight how the Public Health Agency of Canada works to promote and support vaccination with provinces, territories, Indigenous and community partners. We will debunk some myths along the way on common misinformation on pediatric vaccines. Finally, we will highlight some next steps in terms of COVID-19 vaccination in the months to come, and the importance of supporting catch up of childhood routine immunization as a whole to protect children’s health and prevent resurgence of other vaccine-preventable diseases. We hope that this presentation will show how partners across Canada are working to support vaccination as a key tool to protect the immediate and long term health of children and their families.
Following this webinar, participants will understand:
1. The context of emergency of the vaccine, and the role it plays in the fight against COVID;
2. The latest data in terms of coverage;
3. The actions underway to support informed choices about vaccination and build vaccine confidence in Canada;
4. The impact of misinformation and disinformation in the vaccine confidence space; and
5. Next steps in terms of COVID-19 vaccination, and the importance of supporting catch up of childhood routine immunization as a whole


|Titel:||COE The European Court of Human Rights – In facts and figures|
|Förlag:||Council of Europe Publishing|
|Pris: 191 SEK exkl. moms |
|The importance of the European Court of Human Rights in the European judicial landscape and its influence well beyond Europe's borders are undeniable. For over 50 years the Court's rulings have resulted in numerous changes to domestic legislation and helped to strengthen the rule of law throughout the wider Europe.|
This book retraces the Court's activities and case-law since its foundation in 1959. The presentation of several hundred of the cases the Court has examined, together with statistics for each State, paints an overall picture of the Court's work and the impact its judgments have had in the member States.
With its approach by theme and by article of the European Convention on Human Rights, this work shows the full extent of the rights and freedoms the States Parties to the Convention have undertaken to secure to everyone within their jurisdiction. It also takes a country-by-country look at the cases the Court has been called on to examine, and at the impact its judgments have had in the States it has condemned for violating the Convention.
The clear, concise way in which the cases are presented shows just how alive the Convention is today, 60 years after its adoption, and how the Court's interpretation of it has helped it to keep abreast of social change in Europe.


The article “Pupils starve as feeding programme collapses” that featured in City Press (7/10/07, p.12), is a reason to be glad, because it draws attention to the way in which the failure of Government in implementing the feeding scheme impacts on children’s wellbeing. The highlighting of this failure promotes the interests and rights of children.
The article, written by Phumza Sokana, focuses on a school nutrition programme in the Eastern Cape. It provides information about the purpose and target group of the school nutritional programme, as well as the negative effects of it’s ceasing to function on children and their families. Through focusing on a school nutritional programme, the article educates people about South African Government policy, as well as issues such as poverty which affect people in South Africa, concentrating on the particular impact on children.
The article uses the experience of one child and her family to give an insight into the circumstances of pupils who are supposed to benefit from the programme and to demonstrate the impact of the programme’s failure. This is positive, as it helps readers to identify with people who are affected by poverty.
To tell the story, the reporter uses and directly quotes a child who is affected by the programme’s failure. This is commendable, as it recognises the right of children to speak for themselves about issues affecting them.
While the article is overall commendable, there is an important consideration that was not made by the reporter – the need to protect the identity of the child. In the article, the reporter specifies the child’s name and where she is attending school. Her personal circumstances, including her poverty and family circumstances, are given.
It may be that the reporter’s intention was to make the story one that readers could relate to by personalising it. However, this could have been done equally well whilst hiding the identity of the child, and, for example using a fictionalised name. The identified child could be exposed to teasing and stigmatisation by other children and adults in the school and wider community. In this instance, identifying the child was not in her interest.
Overall, the writing and publication of this article is in the interests of children who face poverty, particularly those reliant on such programmes. It promotes people’s awareness of the way in which not everybody’s needs are being met, and highlights the necessity for Government officials to act swiftly to implement the school nutrition programme effectively.


For many, the month of September signals the end of summer, the beginning of autumn, and the start of a new school year. With respect to the calendar, September marks the beginning of the months that signify nothing other than their numerical position in the year.
September comes from the Latin root septem-, meaning “seven,” because in the original Roman republican calendar September was the seventh month of the year rather than the ninth. The Roman calendar was only ten months long and included the following months—Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December. The last six months were assigned names according to their ordinal numbers—Quintilis is the fifth month, Sextilis is the sixth month, and so on.
It wasn’t until 45 BC, when Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar (named after Caesar, himself), that the year grew to include two more months, January and February. Quintilis and Sextilis were later renamed to July and August in honor of Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar, but despite repeated attempts to change them, the names for September, October, November, and December not only stuck, but spread to other languages as well.
The strangeness of calling the ninth month “Seventh Month” didn’t seem to bother Old English speakers. September came into Old English from Old French, replacing the Old English forms, Hāligmōnað and Hærfestmōnað, which mean “harvest month” in Modern English.
If the Roman senate had gotten their way, we might now be calling September Tiberius or Antoninus, after two Roman Emperors. Or we might have ended up calling September Augustus as followers of the Emperor Commodus hoped, or Germanicus, as Emperor Domitian wanted.
Would these names have been any better than calling the ninth month September?


The finest genetic DNA window into the social lives of these prehistoric hominids has been provided by DNA. Which is from a group of Neandertals who lived together and a few others who lived nearby. According to study published in Nature on October 19. Neandertal societies in a hilly region of Central Asia as early as 59,000 years ago. Included small groups of close relatives and adult female arrivals.
His social scenario is based on DNA taken from the teeth and bones of 13 Neandertals. Whichever discovered in two caves in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia. According to evolutionary geneticist Laurits Skov of the Max Planck. Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and colleagues, estimates of the overall genetic. Similarity among these Stone Age people show that they lived in communities of about 20 people. In the company of females frequently migrating from their home groups to those of their mates.
Lifestyle of the Altai Neandertals was uncommon?
It is unclear if the small-scale lifestyle of the Altai Neandertals was uncommon. Maybe they lived in a sparsely populated location. Whether it typical of Neandertal customs in other parts of Asia and Europe. Around 125,000 years ago, several Neandertals in Central Europe converted a forest into grassland. It indicating that they could expand their settlements as necessary (SN: 12/15/21).
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People lived in tiny communities with their immediate family members and adult female arrivals. 11 Neandertals from Chagyrskaya Cave and two Neandertals from Okladnikov Cave. That subjected to DNA analysis by Skov’s team (SN: 1/27/20). A father and his teenage daughter were among the Chagyrskaya group. Along with an older woman and a youngster, probably her nephew or grandchild, aged 8 to 12.
DNA from the Y chromosome, which is transmitted solely by men less diverse in the Chagyrskaya group. Aside from mitochondrial DNA, which is normally passed down from the mother. The researchers hypothesise that the higher mitochondrial DNA variation. Indicates that adult females commonly relocated into that group while the men remained put.


Remote learning resulting from COVID-19 means more time in front of screens than usual, so it’s extra important to take regular breaks that give your children a brain boost. Physical activity is one of the best ways to refresh the body and focus the mind, leaving them ready for the next online activity.
Here are 5 easy brain boosts:
Play ‘My Day So Far’:
Give your child(ren) 1 minute to act out what they have done so far today, starting from the moment they woke up. You can even make it into a quiet activity by asking them to do it in mime.
Jump and Spin:
A very simple brain boost for any short break, get your child(ren) to do 5 jumping jacks, spin in a circle 3 times, then do 5 more jumping jacks. This alone will invigorate them, but you can repeat it a few times if needed!
An old favourite! Take your child(ren) out of their study space and into the garden for a game of Simon says. It will get their brain working in a different way and allow them time to reset for the next tasks ahead.
Turn down the lights and turn up the music; spend a few minutes all dancing around the room having fun while letting worries and inhibitions go.
Yoga has mindful qualities that make the movements even more beneficial. Take a few minutes to do a short yoga flow sequence – there are lots of videos online to guide you.
Remember to eat brain-boosting foods too! Fish, nuts and seeds, blueberries, broccoli, eggs, oranges, and even dark chocolate are great foods for supporting brain health.
These tips came from Rugby School Thailand, one of Asia’s fasting growing international schools.


Difference between Mountain and Plain
Mountains and plains are two different types of landforms that have distinct characteristics.
The main difference is that a mountain is a landform that rises steeply above the surrounding area while a plain is a large area of flat or gently sloping land.
Before we move to the differences, let’s understand what are Mountain and Plain:
- Mountain: A mountain is a landform that rises steeply above the surrounding land and is usually higher than 600 meters.
- Plain: A plain is a large area of flat or gently sloping land that is mostly covered with grasses and crops.
Now, let’s move to Mountain vs Plain:
Major differences between Mountain and Plain
|Mountains are usually tall and rugged.||Plains are mostly flat and smooth.|
|Mountains are formed by tectonic plate movements or volcanic activity.||Plains are formed by sediment deposits.|
|Mountains often have a cooler climate than plains due to their high altitude.||Plains are characterized by their warm and dry climate.|
|Mountains are often difficult to traverse or cultivate.||Plains are ideal for agriculture and transportation.|
|Mountains are home to unique flora and fauna adapted to high altitudes.||Plains support a diverse range of grasses and crops.|
Note that sometimes, the question might also be asked as “distinguish between Mountain and Plain”.
- Difference between Peak and Mountain
- Difference between Villa and Independent House
- Difference between House of Commons and House of Representatives
Mountains and plains are two different types of landforms that are characterized by their unique features and functions.
Understanding the differences between these landforms can help us appreciate and respect the diverse beauty of nature.
You can view other “differences between” posts by clicking here.
If you have a related query, feel free to let us know in the comments below.
Also, kindly share the information with your friends who you think might be interested in reading it.


Learn How to Rewild Urban land with Tiny Forrests!
The techniques you will learn are based on the work of Akira Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist who pioneered a method in the 1970s of planting young indigenous species close together to quickly regenerate degraded lands. The course is presented by Daan Bleichrodt, Author of Tiny Forest, who will lead you through the course.
“Having grown up in a wooded area, I am a huge fan of forests. Children that are growing up now should have the same opportunity to connect with nature and enjoy a forest nearby. That’s why I am planting Tiny Forests all throughout the Netherlands.”
In this free programme you will learn:
- The reasons why urban landscapes are so degraded, and such difficult places for nature to live.
- How to create a tiny forest.
- The challenges associated with creating a tiny forest in a city.
- The solutions that can be implemented to overcome the challenges of creating a tiny forest in a city.
Register here for this free mini-course.
Gaia Education and Ecosystem Restoration Camps developed together the Ecosystems Restoration Design Online Programme, this programme will start its third interaction next September.
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IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more.
George Lothian Hall, 1825–1888, British, Part of the Bay of Gibraltar, the Spanish Lines, 1844
Part of the Bay of Gibraltar, the Spanish Lines
- Watercolor and pen and brown ink over graphite with scraping out on thick, moderately textured, cream wove paper
- Sheet: 6 1/4 × 10 inches (15.9 × 25.4 cm)
Inscribed in pen and black ink, lower left: "MONTAGU COUNTERGUARD"; inscribed on verso in pen and blue ink, lower left: "Part of Gibralter Bay. Mountains of Andalusia & | The Spanish Lines, &c. from Montagu Cavalier - Gibralter -"
- Credit Line:
- Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection
- Copyright Status:
- Public Domain
- Accession Number:
- Drawings & Watercolors
- Prints and Drawings
- Subject Terms:
- bay | beach | figures | houses | landscape | marine art | mountains | port | sailboats | sails | wall
- Associated Places:
- Europe | Straits of Gibraltar
- Accessible by appointment in the Study Room [Request]
Note: The Study Room is open by appointment. Please visit the Study Room page on our website for more details.
- IIIF Manifest:
If you have information about this object that may be of assistance please contact us.


Keep Lights Out when Sleeping at Night
Updated: Jan 28, 2019
There are various reasons why we have night lights in baby sleeping area - for giving comfort to the little ones; so that moms and dads don't trip over anything in the dark while checking our babies in the middle of the night; or purely just for the cute ambience of the nursery is good enough reason to have the night light on.
An infant's circadian rhythm, or body clock, needs to set properly to let a baby start sleeping less during the day and more at night. Environmental cues, such as sunlight, affect sleep patterns. Family Sleep Institute-certified child sleep consultant Diana Julian say it is critical to help a baby distinguish night from day and sleep from wake, and the best way to do this is by controlling light and darkness.
According to the National Sleep Foundation, the ideal sleep environment is cool, quiet and dark. Keeping a light on in your baby's room may result in a less restful sleep for your little one. When an environment is lighted, melatonin production is inhibited. Melatonin helps us go to sleep, stay asleep and wake up well rested,"
One thing is for sure - having a dim light in the nursery allows your baby to get some visual stimulation when he is awake in the crib. That means your toddler may be able to entertain himself for a while by watching the night light or taking in the view of the room.


JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a form of arthritis that affects children and adolescents. It is an autoimmune disease, which means that the immune system attacks healthy body tissues. It often causes inflammation in the joints, which can result in pain, swelling, stiffness, and difficulty moving the affected joints.
The exact cause of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The disease is more common in children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 16, and primarily affects children.
Symptoms of JIA can vary from person to person, but the most common include pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. Children may also experience difficulty moving the affected joints and difficulty performing daily activities.
Treatment for JIA varies depending on the individual case, but may include medication to reduce inflammation and pain, physical therapy to improve joint mobility, and exercises to strengthen the muscles around the joints. In severe cases, steroid injections or immunosuppressive drugs may be recommended to control inflammation.
It is important to treat Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis as early as possible to prevent long-term damage to the joints and improve the child’s quality of life. If your child has symptoms of JIA, it is important to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.


Immune responses Animation
Date Uploaded: 01/03/2022
Tags: Overview of interactions in antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity Animation antibody mediated immune response naive B cell pathogen bacterium naive helper T cell activated helper T cell interleukins immune response macrophage naive cytotoxic T cells
Overview of interactions in antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity Animation The antibody mediated immune response begins when a naive B cell encounters antigens from a pathogen, such as a bacterium. The B cell binds, processes, and displays this antigen. It is now an antigen-presenting B cell. A naive helper T cell binds to the antigen-presenting B cell. This activates the helper T cell. The activated helper T cell secretes chemical signals called interleukins. The interleukins stimulate the B cell to divide and form memory B cells and effector B cells. The effector B cells produce antibodies against the antigen that began the immune response. The memory B cells remain to protect against later infections by the same pathogen. The cell-mediated immune response begins with an antigen-presenting cell, such as a macrophage that has engulfed or been infected with a virus. Naive helper T cells and naive cytotoxic T cells interact with the antigen-presenting cell. The helper T cell is activated and secretes the chemical signals called interleukins. The interleukins stimulate the cytotoxic T cells to divide and differentiate to form effector cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells. The effector cytotoxic T cells touch-kill cells infected by the same pathogen that triggered the initial response. The memory T cells are set aside to protect against later infections.
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- Separate the head and tail of American lobster, and cut the lobster tail into chunks of meat.
- Marinate the lobster tail with rice wine, salt, and starch for 10 minutes.
- Put one liter of water in the pot, add lobster head and claw when it’s boiled, and then boil the tail for one minute.
- Heat peanut and lard oil, add the marinate tail meat into a pan with scallion and garlic, stir fry for 5 minutes.
- To plate, put the lobster head in front of the plate, tail meat in the middle, and the tail at the end.
SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Cold water American lobsters are harvested using wire traps. The traps sit on the ocean floor and are attached with a rope and buoy which floats on the ocean surface.
— Limits on minimum and maximum size of lobster that can be harvested — typically 8.3 cm – 12.7 cm (3.25 – 5 inches), for smallest size to 12.7 cm (5 inches) to largest size measuring from eye socket of lobster to carapace.
— Trap limits controlling fishery efforts — number of traps a fisherman can put in the water
— Measures to protect egg-bearing female lobsters. Fishermen cut a v-notch in one of the tail flippers to signify the lobster is a breeding lobster and not to be harvested. — Mandates that lobsters must be landed live and whole — separation of tails and claws from live lobsters aboard lobster boats is prohibited.


Three types of Advocacy
types of Advocacy
Advocacy involves working for a cause, promoting a Moto,
and working for a cause. Advocates provide legal help to people. Advocates are
legal person who have well enough knowledge of law. There are three types of advocacy
self-advocacy, individual advocacy, and system Advocacy.
Self-advocacy refers to get an individual interest
by communicating effectively, negotiate, argue and convey to get his /her
interests and rights in an effective way.
Self-advocacy is all about assessment of own
strengths and legal rights. Self-advocacy is setting a goal and knowledge about
legal rights. The purpose of self-advocacy is to communicate effectively and share
the needs and desires. It is all about speaking for you.
Individual advocacy refers to communicate on the
behalf of an individual or group of people. The process of individual advocacy
is to argue, communicate, and convey the message of an individual or group of
people to get their legal rights.
Individual advocacy is all about becoming a voice
for someone. Providing services to someone who is in need to get his
fundamental rights in an effective way
System advocacy is set of rules to guide and provide
policy to organizations to run the policies in an effective way. In this type
of advocacy the organizations appoint an experienced advocate who can guide
them in a better way for policy making.
Main aim of the system advocacy is to get the interests
of the organizations in an effective way.
Read About: Different types of lawyers


It has been revealed that your password is no longer safe, as AI can easily track your passcode if you limit yourself to digits or numbers.
We can say that AI is everywhere, and it is spreading and powering on our devices one way or another; it is giving us answers to questions and is assisting people in writing their articles, essays, and whatnot. But, it can also be used for mean intents. A study shows that AI can be used for detecting passwords, and the results are quite dangerous.
A cybersecurity firm published research showing how powerful and fast AI is when it comes to tracking passwords. However, the researchers took a new AI-driven tool known as PassGAN (Password Generating Antagonistic Network) to show how one requests to be concerned about passwords.
The study also reveals that researchers using the PassGAN can manage to track around 51% of common passwords in less than a minute, 65% in less than an hour and 71% in less than a day, and 81% in less than a month.
Luckily, you don’t have to be in despair, as the firm also shared a table displaying which passwords are the most difficult or will take the longest time to track. If you are using a 12-digit passcode that contains upper or lower case letters, it could be difficult for AI to track.
The firm also recommends that you must keep passwords with at least 12 or more characters, and it would always be advised that you don’t just go for simple number passwords. Keep in mind that AI is going to be stronger, and there may be a chance there will be more tools that are even more powerful. So we suggest you keep your password strong and secure as possible.
- Microsoft’s New AI Tool Can Help Avoid Cyber Attacks
- Microsoft Researchers Claim GPT-4 Is Display Sparks Of AGI
- The New AI Model GPT-4 is So Much Thrilling And Terrifying


Publisher: DK Publishing,
Publication Year: 2018,
With more than 50 fun art projects, this activity book is the perfect starting point for little ones who love painting, drawing, and messy fun. Children from ages 4 and up will love getting to grips with the basics of painting, print making, stencils, drawing, paper crafting, model making, and more. Every material has 7 different art projects to try, including making a stained glass window, drawing a map, and even origami animals which will keep kids busy for hours. Feed your child's imagination and encourage creative - and messy - play. With 4 exciting chapters (Paint and Print, Colour and Draw, Paper Craft, and Things to Make), Play with Art is packed with exciting arts and crafts ideas for a little learner starting on their art journey.Full list of projects: Create a colour wheel, Finger printing gallery, Handprint fun, Burst balloons filled with paint, Block buddies, Printing, Blow paint, Make prints using paint and string, Fruit and veg, Draw people, Draw a racing circuit for your toy cars, Make a map, Trace animals and colour them in, Simple origami animals, Fold a plane, Make a fan from paper you've already painted, Make a paper chain, Create your own invitations, Make a collage, Make a stained glass window, Make a mini cardboard castle, Transform kitchen rolls into animals, Use recycled goods to make a pretty picture frame, Plastic bottle vase, Make a mini town.


University of Oslo
Microalgae form the basis in marine ecosystems. Understanding their diversity and their environmental preferences for growth is of utmost importance when attempting to foresee how environmental changes might impact and potentially alter marine food webs.
The Nansen Legacy will contribute with new mono-algal strains from the northern Barents Sea to the Norwegian Culture Collection of Algae (NORCCA), where they will be maintained and made available for all interested scientists for further studies.
So far, the project has isolated about 150 algal strains, which are now being characterized genetically by DNA-sequencing and morphologically by light and electron microscopy and placed taxonomically by phylogenetic analyses.
Of 100 genetically characterized strains, 66 are diatoms, 18 are dinoflagellates, five are chlorophytes, five are cryptophytes, one is a haptophyte and six are picoalgal strains which are not yet taxonomically assigned. Seventy of the strains were isolated from ice stations in the Arctic Ocean and 30 from the open water stations in the Barents Sea.
Their DNA sequences will be used to connect genotypes to morphotypes and to improve the reference databases used during metabarcoding analyses to reveal the protist community composition. New species for science will be described and their biogeographical distribution examined, to assess if any taxa are endemic to the Arctic.


Crick and James Watson unraveled the double-helix structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) while working together in Cambridge, England, in 1953. They received the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1962 for their ground-breaking work.
In the seven-page, handwritten letter, Crick, who was 33 years old at the time, described the discovery to his 12-year-old son Michael, who was away at a British boarding school.
“When you come home we will show you the model,” he wrote in the letter.
Crick went on to say he believed DNA is a code and that the order of the bases (the letters) makes one gene different from another gene.
“In other words we think we have found the basic copying mechanism by which life comes from life. You can understand that we are very excited,” Crick added, before signing the letter, “Lots of love, Daddy.”
In his later years Crick was a professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California. He died in 2004.
The letter, which is being sold by Crick’s son, will be part of the books and manuscripts sale on April 10.
A letter dated August 2, 1939, by physicist Albert Einstein to President Franklin Delano Roosevelet warning him of the potential danger of “the construction of extremely powerful bombs” through nuclear fission sold for more than $2 million at auction in 2002.
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Reuters – Reporting by Patricia Reaney; Editing by Leslie Adler)


Summer Symposium Series: Engineering Career Resources
A career in engineering would let you help people through designing and implementing the things they use in their daily lives.
Careers with Form and Function
Students explore careers that involve the concepts of form and function.
Innovating with Form and Function
Students use their understanding of form and function to design an innovative object or device.
Assistant Crane Operator
Simple Machines: Pulleys
6 images of some objects such as in fitness equipment which use wheels with grooves in their rims called pulleys for movement
Simple Machines: Levers
6 images of some objects such as tweezers, scissors and wheel barrows that use the lever principle to create movement for a specific purpose
Simple Machines: Inclined Planes
5 images of examples where inclined planes are used to help lift or move objects such as ramps for accessibility or entertainment
10 images of some spherical objects such as golf balls and tennis balls that are made of different materials and used for specific purposes
Students develop and apply the skills of sorting & classifying, comparing & contrasting and predicting as they explore magnetism as a non-contact force that causes movement.
How does a wheelbarrow help you carry heavy loads?
In this hands on activity build a wheelbarrow from simple materials to explore just how useful simple machines can be!
How can you lift a marble off a table without touching it with your hands?
Is it magic? No - it’s physics! Use circular motion to overcome the force of gravity and amaze your family!
How can I move water with just a comb?
Have you ever experienced static electricity? Like when you pull a wool sweater over your head in the winter? See what else static electricity can do in this hands-on activity.


Harqaleh (هرقلة) is a little known site from the Abbasid period located about seven kilometers west of al-Raqqa (الرقة). Built by Harun al-Rashid to commemorate his victory over Byzantine forces, there is debate as to whether the site served as a palace or as a monument. The site is roughly one hundred meters by one hundred meters square, with towers at each of the four corners. Much of the stone used to build the site was recycled from earlier Byzantine constructions, and it may not have been fully completed. Though in a fairly poor state of preservation, the site can be easily combined with a visit to al-Raqqa (الرقة).
Getting There: Harqaleh (هرقلة) is only about seven kilometers west of al-Raqqa (الرقة) and semi-frequent microbuses serving surrounding villages will pass by the site. It is on the north side of the road, clearly visible.
Coordinates: 35°57’24.11″N / 38°55’59.15″E
Transliteration Variants: Harqala, Harqalah, Haraqaleh, Haraqala, Haraqalah, Herqaleh, Herqala, Herqalah, Heraqaleh, Heraqala, Heraqalah, Harqla, Harqlah, Haraqleh, Haraqla, Haraqlah, Herqleh, Herqla, Herqlah, Heraqleh, Heraqla, Heraqlah
Rating: (3.5 / 10)
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Born on August 4th 1930 in Stratford, East London, John Gorman was the son of a London carpenter, whose own father had came from Devon, and a domestic servant, who had been born in a South Shields mining community.
He entered the world of work as a carpenter and became a fine silk screen printer.
With then fellow-Communist, Lionel Bart (see separate entry), he founded G&B Arts, the successful silk-screen printers, which won national and international awards for fine printing. Its posters were to be found as far away as the foyer of the Folger’s Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, USA.
Gorman became attracted to the Communist Party in 1949, whilst he was in the RAF.
He and his wife, Pamela, were very active at the Party’s grassroots for a long period. John was a very lively membership organiser for West Ham Communist Party. Gorman left the Party, with mixed emotions but remained very much on the left. John was twice arrested for acts of civil disobedience in support of CND.
His great achievement was the remarkable book, “Banner Bright” (1973), and related follow ons, “To Build Jerusalem” (1980) and “Images of Labour” (1985). Each of these used photographs and text to provide a vivid sense of working class history.
Gorman also produced a partial autobiography, “Knocking down Ginger”. The inspiration for `Banner Bright’ had been the rescuing of an otherwise discarded union banner; many others were saved for posterity, including some great and rare ones.
He eventually joined the Labour Party in 1980 and three years later the left-led Greater London Council appointed him a governor of the Museum of London. He also served on the Advisory Board of the National Museum of Labour History from 1990.
John Gorman died aged 66 on October 31st 1996, following two heart attacks in a row.
Sources: Morning Star 2nd November 1996; Guardian 6th November 1996;
John Gorman `Knocking Down Ginger’, Caliban, (1995)
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What, exactly, is connective tissue?
Connective tissue, or fascia, is strong, tough, fibrous tissue that acts as the support system—and spacers—for the entire body. Composed of the protein collagen, Connective Tissue accounts for half the protein in the body. No tissue in the body is as abundant. It binds cells into tissues, tissues into organs, connects muscles and bones, wraps every nerve and vessel, laces all internal structures into place and envelopes the body. When tightly bundled together, it forms tendons and ligaments; around muscles and organs, it is thin and often transparent; in the low back and outer thigh, it forms large, thick white sheets that are amazingly strong.
All these linings, wrappings, cables, and moorings are continuous, connecting everything to everything else. Connective tissue so thoroughly permeates the body that if you removed everything else, there would still be a three-dimensional, recognizable human form.
Healthy connective tissue is characterized by flexibility, elasticity, length, and resilience. The tissue absorbs and responds to the earth’s gravitational force, illness, injury, emotional trauma, and everyday stress. Any of these factors will, over a period of time, cause an imbalance in the tissue system. Imbalance is identified as a shortening, thickening, and dehydration of the tissue, which impairs joint mobility and muscle function. This is usually felt in the body as chronic pain, stiffness, or decreased flexibility and impaired movement.
The fact that fascia changes shape as a body deteriorates indicates it possesses “plasticity,” a quality that can also be used to restore the body to balance. Connective tissue, unlike muscle tone, changes very slowly. Under the sustained and careful pressure of the Rolfer’s hands, the tissue can be loosened, lengthened, and shifted to balance and align to the body.


Our home planet, Earth, circles the sun. The sun, our star, is but one of billions of stars in the Milky Way, our home galaxy… and beyond that? Where on the map of the cosmos is the Milky Way? For the first time, we know:
Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
There are an estimated 100,000 galaxies in the Laniakea Supercluster, and we, meaning we in the Milky Way galaxy, are just at the edge of it.
Read more: Earth’s new address: ‘Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea’
In the archives, watch more space, more stars, more Milky Way, more galaxies… and this: Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson: The Most Astounding Fact.
This Webby award-winning video collection exists to help teachers, librarians, and families spark kid wonder and curiosity. TKSST features smarter, more meaningful content than what's usually served up by YouTube's algorithms, and amplifies the creators who make that content.
Curated, kid-friendly, independently-published. Support this mission by becoming a sustaining member today.


Differential staining of nucleic acids including DNA and RNA.
Acridine orange, a vital stain, will intercalate with nucleic acid, changing the dye’s optical characteristics so that it will fluoresce bright orange under ultraviolet light. All nucleic acid–containing cells will fluoresce orange. Acridine orange is a metachromatic stain and under appropriate conditions, RNA will stain orange and DNA will stain green.
1. Properly prepare and fix the smear prior to staining.
2. Flood slide with acridine orange stain (available from various commercial suppliers). Allow stain to remain on surface of slide for 2 minutes without drying.
3. Rinse with tap water and allow moisture to drain from slide and air-dry.
4. Examine the slide using fluorescent microscopy.
Bacteria and yeasts will fluoresce bright orange against a green-fluorescing or dark background. The nuclei of host cells may also fluoresce.
Note: RNA is more abundant during cellular growth and may mask the green fluorescence of the DNA within the cell.
1. Cellular debris within a sample such as white blood cells, epithelial cells, and dead bacteria may distort the microscopic image.
2. Acridine orange is a very sensitive stain, and caution should be used when interpreting results.
2 thoughts on “Acridine Orange Stain- Principle, Procedure and Result Interpretation”
What is the difference between acridine orange staining method and ZN method and Kenyoun cold method


A protected system with numerous surface features of national and international importance this system was the site of the Pink and White Terraces which were buried as a result of the 1886 Tarawera eruption.
One of the larger systems within the Bay of Plenty region the system extends southwards towards Waiotapu, Waikite and Reporoa geothermal systems which are located within the Waikato region, see the Waikato Regional Council website for more information on these areas.
Today the surface features in the Waimangu-Rotomahana-Tarawera system are dominated by large crater lakes, boiling springs discharging near-neutral pH chloride waters of 85-100°C, geysers, fumaroles and hot ground. The surface features in the Waimangu Valley did not appear until about 5 years after the 1886 eruption, while those at Rotomahana evolved as the new lake filled. The largest features are focused in Echo Crater (Waimangu Geyser and Frying Pan Lake) and Inferno Crater. These and the adjacent Raupo Pond Crater have been the focus of several hydrothermal eruptions or disturbances since the early 1900’s. The latest was in 2016. The vegetation in the area has all established naturally post the 1886 eruption.
The historic surface activity in or near Echo and Inferno craters is dominated by spectacular geysering associated with the Waimangu Geyser (‘black or inky water’) that played between 1901 and 1904 ejecting hot water and rock up to 400 m high. A hydrothermal eruption lasting three days within Echo crater in April 1917 created Frying Pan Lake.
Use and development
Although a protected system, Waimangu Valley-Lake Rotomahana has developed as a tourist attraction (www.waimangu.co.nz). There are numerous outstanding surface features of national and international importance. These range from large crater lakes and hot springs to steaming cliffs and are accessible to the public.


Uterine anomalies develop when a female is growing in her mother’s womb. The uterus and part of the vagina normally develop from tissue on the left and right side of the body, fusing together to create the hollow uterine cavity. Anomalies occur when this structure does not fuse correctly or does not hollow out completely.
The various uterine development conditions include bicornuate, unicornuate, and septate uterine anomalies.
Most women with uterine anomalies do not experience symptoms and may not discover they have an abnormal uterus until they have a routine pelvic exam or an ultrasound.
When symptoms do occur, women may experience:
- Never having had a period
- Recurrent miscarriages or infertility
- Preterm labor or abnormal positioning of the baby during pregnancy or labor
- Pain when inserting a tampon
- Pain during sex
- Pain with menses
- Additionally, a uterine anomaly can block menstrual blood from exiting the body due to incomplete development of the vagina or uterus. This usually causes monthly abdominal pain, with or without the presence of external bleeding.
Many women with uterine anomalies do not require treatment. If pain, miscarriage or infertility is an issue, a physician may recommend correcting the anomaly surgically. Most cases of uterine anomalies can be corrected through minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy or hysteroscopy.


The U.S. agricultural workforce consists of a mixture of two groups of workers: (1) self-employed farm operators and their family members, referred to as “unpaid labor” because their remuneration comes out of farm profits rather than a wage; and (2) paid labor such as hired and contract workers that receive wages. Overall, between 2014-2018, U.S. farms used about 59% operator, spouse and family labor, compared to 41% paid labor. However, farms of different sizes relied on different mixes of labor.
Principal operators and their spouses provided most of the labor hours (76%) used on small farms, those with annual gross cash farm income (GCFI) under $350,000. That share fell to 43% on midsize farms (GCFI between $350,000-$999,999), 17% on large farms (GCFI between $1 million-$4,999,999), and 2% on very large farms (GCFI of $5 million or more). Large and very large farms relied most on hired labor, which provided 64-74% of the labor hours on those farms, respectively. By comparison, hired labor provided about 12% of labor hours on small farms and 39% on midsize farms. Contract laborers were important on very large farms (particularly in fruit and vegetable operations), contributing 20% of labor hours.
This chart updates data found in the March 2018 ERS report, Three Decades of Consolidation in U.S. Agriculture.
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Ozone: Good or Bad?
Ozone (O3) in the atmosphere shields everything on the Earth’s surface from the sun’s harmful UV rays. But ozone can also form on the planet’s surface and cause a variety of health problems including chest pain, coughing, and a sore throat. Ground-level or “bad” ozone is created by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. Vehicle emissions are some of the major sources of these chemicals. As the ground heats up in the summer, ground-level ozone increases.
How Ozone Affects Your Health
Breathing high levels of ozone can cause headaches and irritate your lungs and airways. It can also aggravate conditions like asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. People most likely to experience health effects caused by ozone include people with lung diseases, seniors, and small children. While ozone levels are typically higher in large urban areas (ex: the Front Range), they can still reach dangerous levels in the Four Corners region during the summer. Luckily, there’s a lot that you can do to protect you and your family from the health effects of ozone. Start by monitoring the Air Quality Index, which will tell you when pollution levels are likely to reach levels that could be harmful. (Tip: The AQI also measures other pollutants in the air like wildfire smoke.)
Steps to Protect Yourself
When ground-level ozone levels are high, limit the amount of air that you breathe while you’re outside. For example, think about spending more time indoors, where ozone levels are usually lower. Choose easier outdoor activities (like walking versus running) so you don’t breathe as hard. And plan outdoor activities in the morning and evening, when ozone levels are usually lower.
Read more about the harmful effects of ozone.
Talk to your primary care physician about how air quality could affect your health.
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Jewish Health.


Where we live, work and play can directly impact our physical and mental health. To more aggressively combat negative health factors such as obesity, diabetes, asthma and anxiety, leaders of the nation’s built environment and public health organizations today pledged their support to promote greater collaboration to advance healthier, more walkable communities.
The “Joint Call to Action to Promote Healthy Communities,” announced during National Public Health Week, brings together 450,000 professionals who recognize that the built environment — the way a community is designed and built from its buildings and public spaces to how we travel between communities — is a key determinant of health. Working together will create new momentum towards the common objective of creating and sustaining healthy buildings and spaces.
Providing options for how residents want to move around as well as encouraging physical activity can be achieved through a variety of ways. Solutions may include multi-use pathways for walking and biking, Complete Streets policies, equitable and affordable transportation and transit-oriented communities, implementation of green infrastructure, more efficient land, water and resource use, expanded tree canopies and access to buildings with health-promoting indoor environments.
Improving community health also has a direct economic benefit. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports 86 percent of health care spending in 2010 was for people with one or more chronic medical conditions.
“The environment in which we live, work and play has a profound effect on our health,” said Georges C. Benjamin, MD, executive director of the American Public Health Association. “If we hope to improve the health of our nation, we must create places that safely encourage physical activity and enhance our well-being. This effort to inspire greater collaboration among public health and built environment practitioners is a smart, innovative approach to building healthy, high-performing communities.”
The “Joint Call to Action to Promote Healthy Communities” specifically addresses four key points:
- Creating and fostering partnerships that advance health;
- Building and understanding of health data and establishing measurable health objectives for plans and projects;
- Advancing policies, programs and systems that promote community health, well-being and equity; and
- Communicating the importance of health.
Read the full “Call to Action” on APHA's Healthy Community Design page.
Organizations supporting the call to action include:
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When you are driving, you definitely have some degree of control over your vehicle. Unfortunately, however, you have no control over other drivers’ behaviors and actions. As such, no matter how careful you are behind the wheels, you might still get involved in a rear-end collision.
A rear-end collision is one of the most common forms of car accidents in the U.S. In fact, The Washington Post reports that 1.7 million rear-end collisions happen in the U.S. each year. Here are the most common causes of rear-end collisions in the U.S.
Tailgating happens when the driver following you does not keep a safe distance between the cars. When this happens, the driver may not have adequate time, or room for maneuver, in the event of an emergency. The same applies to aggressive motorists who tailgate others as they may not have enough time and space to react when the car in front brakes suddenly.
Eating, speaking on the phone, texting, changing music or reading while driving – all can take the driver’s focus off the road and result in a rear-end collision. Fatigue or sleep can also distract the driver, resulting in slower reaction times.
It is not uncommon for the driver in front to hit the brakes suddenly, perhaps to avoid hitting an animal or a jaywalking pedestrian. If the driver behind does not notice this and react in time, there is a high chance they will hit the car in front from behind.
Fog, heavy rain and ice can affect road conditions resulting in rear-end collisions. Besides impacting the driver’s visibility, bad weather can also result in more slippery roads, thus impacting the driver’s ability to control the vehicle.
Rear-end collisions happen all the time. Find out how you can protect your rights and interests in Louisiana when you are involved in a rear-end collision, or any other car accident, that is not your fault.


The Story compiled and written by Dr. Vic Bradford
The person known as the Buddha was one of the most remarkable humans in history. By using a well-cultivated intellect, character, and observations, he was able to achieve a remarkable insight into the nature of reality, to overcome the effects of chronic suffering, and to demonstrate the benefits of the compassion which is at the very center of our universal heritage. His teachings do not depend on a “secret or hidden message” but are instead open to all people from any background, faith tradition, or cultural heritage.
The early life of the Buddha is based on legend (although his later life and teachings are based on better evidence). According to legend, he was born into a royal family in ancient India, received the education of a prince, and lived a luxurious life. During his early adulthood, however, he came to understand that all humans – including kings and queens — are subject to suffering, sickness, old age, and death. Successfully overcoming them became an obsession for him. He realized a life of luxury and power could not address them, so he left his palace and took up the life of a wandering mendicant. After years of training, he understood he would need to apply his own mind and heart to the problem. After an epic struggle with the demon Mara (“the Tempter,” who might have been a manifestation of the Buddha’s subconscious mind), he achieved a breakthrough understanding called Enlightenment, during meditation.
He decided to share his knowledge with others, and he taught for forty years. His teachings emphasized equanimity, balance, compassion, non-attachment, responsibility, and acknowledgment of impermanence (especially for one’s own psyche). Many humans have appreciated, interpreted, and validated his message over the past twenty-five centuries. Some of his main teachings are listed below. As do all beings, the Buddha eventually passed away, but not before establishing a teaching which has affirmed the presence of a basic goodness in our existence.
For a more complete story of the Buddha, see The Life of Siddhartha Gautama who Became The Buddha


A constitution that is clear, concise and confined to fundamentals. (1962)
Background: The Constitution of Maryland is over 100 years old and has never undergone major revision. It does require that the voters have the opportunity every 20 years to vote on the question of whether or not a constitutional convention should be called. In preparation for having the question on the ballot in November 1990, the League published “To Concon or Not”.
In a comprehensive study of the constitution in the 1950s, the League found inconsistencies, contradictory language applying to local jurisdictions, provisions that should have been statutory and obsolete provisions. This led to adoption of a position favoring a major revision of the constitution. Specific positions regarding constitutional referendum, state-local relationships, the judiciary and the executive followed.
A constitutional convention was held in 1967, in which the League played an active role. It produced a new constitution, which the League supported, but was rejected in 1968 by the voters. Since then, many legislators and other state officials have worked diligently to accomplish, in small steps, many of the convention’s recommendations. In most elections since 1970, constitutional amendments have been on the ballot. Many of the provisions contained in the judicial and executive articles of the Constitution proposed in 1968 have been adopted. Gradually the court system is being modernized and Maryland has a reorganized executive branch complete with a Lieutenant Governor.
- Supported a proposed new constitution for Maryland. (1968—not achieved)
- Supported measures that would make the constitution clear, concise, and confined to fundamentals.
- Opposed bills that would place details of government in the constitution.


Published by Anne Schwartz Books
Summary: The book starts off with a series of questions: Are some things more for girls and some for boys? Who made those rules? What happens if we don’t follow them? The text and pictures then show differences in sex and explain what gender identity is. Different families and gender roles are portrayed, with an emphasis on treating others with respect and love, no matter how they identify or choose to raise a family. A few people are profiled, like the Army’s first male nurse (Edward T. Lyon), the first openly transgender state senator (Sarah McBride of Delaware), and the first woman in space (Valentina Tereshokova). The final page asks, “Won’t it be nice to live in a world where we can all just be ourselves?”. Includes two pages of fun facts about gender and clothing. 40 pages; ages 4-8.
Pros: The authors do an excellent job of presenting a complicated subject in a way that young children will understand. Elise Gravel’s illustrations are fun and help to further illuminate the topics covered. An outstanding resource all around (although I wish it had a list of additional resources).
Cons: I’m sure it’s just a matter of time before the cultural warriors get this into their book-banning crosshairs.


On a Wednesday morning, at about 4 a.m. on March 28 in 1979, a failure on the feedwater pumps at Three Mile Island (TMI) would shape the future of energy.
An overview of the TMI incident and its effects is given by The Nuclear Power’s Promise and Peril made by Retro Report here presented by The New York Times.
It says ‘Nuclear energy is still confronting the same issues that have dodged it for decades, from investment capital to worries about nuclear waste. But scientist continues to push boundaries in search for new ways to deal with our constantly growing energy needs.’ This is where Thorium Energy gets a short moment of attention as presented by Kirk Sorensen (@ 11:40).
Even though the TMI incident was severe USA is the world’s largest producer of nuclear energy, accounting for more than 30% of worldwide nuclear generation of electricity. The country’s 100+ nuclear reactors produce over 19% of total electrical output with no CO2 emission and five new units are now under construction after decades at stand still.
If it wasn’t for the TMI incident, at what percentage of electricity generation could nuclear energy be at today in USA? Would it be closer to 50% or even top the French numbers of more than 70%?
Cold Fusion goes Thorium Energy?
Promise and Peril
© COPYRIGHT 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED IThEO.


In a first of its kind experiment, researchers were able to show that animals can exchange favors and commodities, similarly to humans. For the longest time, trade has been a defining feature of humanity, an activity that was not seen in other species. Now, scientists have found that Norway rats are capable of exchanging commodities and favors as well.
As humans, our survival depends on our ability to cooperate with one another, and these relationships of cooperation have evolved to be extremely complex over time (banking, governments, public projects, team sports, symphonies, etc.). Of course, we are not the only species that cooperates, with many animals and insects engaging in similar behavior. However, the type of reciprocal cooperation strategy that humans engage in, such as trade and tit-for-that favors, seems to be very cognitively demanding, and is almost exclusively found in humans.
Commodity exchange for example is a staple of human civilization, and it has allowed for the development of the division of labor, upon which our economic and societal systems rely on. Until recently, this behavior has not been observed in animals.
Researchers at the Institute of Ecology and Evolution of The University of Bern set out to test whether the Norway rat has the capacity to engage in reciprocal trade, particularly in food provisioning and allogrooming (care through physical contact). Rats were paired up, and the scientists applied saltwater to one of their necks, in an area that cannot be tended to through self-grooming. The rats then had the option to take food items and share them with their partners in order to induce a reciprocal favor.
What the experiment has shown was that the rats that shared food were more often groomed by their partners than the rats that refused to cooperate. Similarly, if rats were groomed by their partners, they were more willing to share their food provisions. This trading back and forth between the two rats indicates that they are capable of direct reciprocal trading, and that this type of behavior is not limited to large-brained species that have advanced cognitive capabilities. The behavior may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than previously thought.
This behavior could also explain why rats are such a successful species when it comes to survival, and why Norway rat infestations can quickly overwhelm a building. If you have a Norway rat infestation, contact us today and we will help you get it under control.


Do you know what a hate crime is?
To prevent bias-based hate crimes from happening at all, we need to know how to recognize them and to collect data in order to better understand the problem and protect past, present and future victims. The challenge of this campaign was to convey the same message to very different targets: civil society, institutions and teenagers. For this reason, it had to be emotional and accurate at the same time.
A clear definition of hate crimes.
In order to increase the awareness around hate crimes, we created a script that provides a clear definition of them and engages the audience by emphasizing the importance of reporting.
This motion graphic video is part of the Facing Facts campaign, promoted by Ceji and aimed to make hate crimes visible to everyone.
We were asked to represent the different categories of people.
Another challenge concerned the representation of crimes and their protagonists: to avoid extreme language and violent scenes we had to come up with several metaphors, such as the crime pinned board and the target shapes. On the other hand, since hate crimes are based on bias and discrimination of ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation, we were asked to represent the different categories of people: wide research led us to find simple, neutral face and body shapes to which we added some details and changed the main colours so that all physiognomies could be symbolically represented.
English subtitles for a deaf audience.
We also provided English subtitles for a deaf audience, transposing sound effects and music variations and adapting the script to the standard length and difficulties for these viewers.


Drought, heat take toll on global crops
By Top Crop Manager
Jan. 7, 2016 - Drought and extreme heat slashed global cereal harvests between 1964 and 2007 – and the impact of these weather disasters was greatest in North America, Europe and Australasia, according to a new study published in Nature led by UBC and McGill University researchers.
At a time when global warming is projected to produce more extreme weather, the study provides the most comprehensive look yet at the influence of such events on crop area, yields and production around the world.
"We have always known that extreme weather causes crop production losses," said senior author Navin Ramankutty of UBC's Liu Institute for Global Issues and the Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability. "But until now we did not know exactly how much global production was lost to such extreme weather events, and how they varied by different regions of the world."
The researchers analyzed national production data from the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization for 16 cereals in 177 countries. They also examined 2,800 international weather disasters from 1964 to 2007.
Findings indicated that cereal harvests decreased by nine per cent to 10 per cent on average due to droughts and extreme heat. The impact from droughts also grew larger in more recent years.
Production levels in North America, Europe and Australasia dropped by an average of 19.9 per cent because of droughts – roughly double the global average.
"Across the breadbaskets of North America, the crops and methods of farming are very uniform across huge areas, so if a drought hits in a way that is damaging to those crops, they will all suffer," said first author Corey Lesk, a recent graduate of McGill's Department of Geography. "By contrast, in much of the developing world, crop systems are a patchwork of small fields with diverse crops. If a drought hits, some of those crops may be damaged, but others may survive."
The analysis did reveal a bright side: the extreme weather events had no significant lasting impact on agricultural production in the years following the disasters.
"Our findings may help guide agricultural priorities and adaptation efforts, to better protect the most vulnerable farming systems and the populations that depend on them," said Ramankutty.
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1. On December 24, 1910, the town of Tulsa experienced its largest explosion at the time when a natural gas well ignited. The explosion and ensuing fire destroyed numerous buildings and claimed the lives of multiple people.
2. In 1906, the Marland Oil Company was founded in Ponca City, Oklahoma, by E.W. Marland. This company would go on to become one of the largest oil companies in the world.
3. On December 24, 1939, the first commercial passenger flight departed from Oklahoma City's Will Rogers World Airport. The flight was operated by American Airlines and traveled to Dallas, Texas.
4. In 2008, the Oklahoma City Thunder, formerly known as the Seattle SuperSonics, played their first game on December 24 as a new franchise in Oklahoma City. They lost to the Houston Rockets 98-109.
5. On December 24, 1924, the last known survivor of the Washita Massacre, a Cheyenne woman named Going Snake, passed away at the age of 102. The massacre, which occurred in 1868, was an attack by the U.S. Army on a Cheyenne camp and resulted in the deaths of over 100 Cheyenne, including women and children.
5 Fun Facts About December 24 In Oklahoma History
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A Stanford University study reported that children who play sports are less likely to become obese. The report also found that overweight children are often too shy to join a sport. With this in mind, Napa Valley USD implemented Athletes as Readers and Leaders to introduce elementary students to high school athletes. They knew it would be a success with the students, but were surprised that it had such an impact on the players. Football coach Troy Mott said, "I don’t know who gained more from this experience, the players or the kids."
- Implementation: Talk to a coach or the athletic director about implementing this program. We recommend talking to an on-site and/or teacher coach as they have more access to the players. Form a board including the librarian, coach, and an elementary principal. Show the two minute embedded vided (Animoto) to highlight the program.
- Start up: After each high school athletic season ends, participating coaches and players visit their feeder elementary schools to read a sports related picture books. The books usually relate to the players’ sport and often have a theme celebrating diversity. If you need picture books ask the elementary school or borrow from your local bookstore. Give players the opportunity to pick out the book and to practice reading it.
- The Visit: After the coach introduces the players and the players read the book, start a discussion devoted to reading, wellness, nutrition, academics, leadership, and training.
REGISTER HERE if you start the program at your school. This program is good for students, meets curriculum standards, and is an excellent example of participation and collaboration in sharing knowledge. Start planning NOW. Implement this school year!
Kate MacMillan at Napa Valley Unified School District or Janet Melikian at Central High School, Central Unified School District in Fresno would be glad to answer your questions. Lorrita Ford at the College of San Mateo Library has a college athletes program with the campus Child Development Center.


The edible dormouse (Myoxus glis) is the star of Giuseppe Carpaneto and Mauro Cristaldi’s 1994 study “Dormice and Man: A Review of Past and Present Relations.” The two Rome-based scholars—Carpaneto at Terza University, Cristaldi at the University of Rome—savor one of the tasty rodent’s two major historical roles.
Though some scorned it an agricultural pest, many prized the critter for its succulence.
Carpaneto and Cristaldi suggest that dormouse cuisine and dormouse documentation owe much to the Romans, and almost nothing to earlier civilizations. “The ancient Greeks,” they write, “were not very interested in dormice because they did not eat them…. Oribatius (Fourth Century A.D.), a Byzantine author on medicine, wrote that their meat is untasty and purgative.” Carpaneto and Cristaldi tell of how things changed once the Romans got cooking:
“A recipe was reported by the gourmet Marcus Gavius Apicus (First Century A.D.) in his work De Re Coquinaria:dormice were served with sophisticated sauces containing fish and
spices pepper, ‘laserpicium’ pine-seeds) often filled with pork meat and with dormouse entrails. Petronius (20?-66 A.D.) in his novel Satyricon described edible dormice served with honey and poppy-seeds during a luxurious dinner…”
[That’s an excerpt from “A Tribute to the Edible Dormouse,” in AIR 15:3.]


In this blog post Segment Leader for Molecular Contamination Control, Victor Rengel, describes volatile organic compounds (VOCs), summarizes the impacts on the health of Canadians, and shares steps to reduce exposure.
Pesticides, disinfectants, and cosmetics are all products that are commonplace either at home or at work. These products all release organic compounds when used, and to some degree, when stored. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases and are composed of a variety of chemicals. Not all VOCs are harmful; they can be immensely beneficial for wildlife. For instance, they can act as attractants for pollinators or even as protection against predators1. However, some VOCs, particularly anthropogenic (man made) VOCs, can result in chronic health effects when emitted into the air2. Therefore, knowing how to reduce exposure is important for the health of Canadians.
What Are VOCs and Where Are They Sourced?
Health Canada classifies VOCs as organic compounds or chemicals that have a low boiling point that ranges roughly from 50 – 250 degrees celsius3. This relates to the volatility of VOCs, or how easily the organic chemicals vapourize. As VOCs have a high vapour pressure and low boiling point, a vast number of molecules are released and absorbed in the air4.
Concentrations of most VOCs can be many times higher indoors than outdoors. Some common sources are5:
- Paints and other solvents
- Aerosol sprays
- Automotive products
Read the full story https://cleanair.camfil.ca/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-on-canadian-air-quality-resource-by-camfil-ca/
Original Source of the original story >> Volatile Organic Compounds’ Impact on Canadian Air Quality. Resource by Camfil, CA


Skeptics and some Christian textual critics have recently claimed that the Book of Isaiah has more than one author. There are three main arguments for the division of The Book of Isaiah into multiple books.
First, the historical argument. Some historians state that Isaiah could not have known things such as the Babylonian Exile, Post-Exile Conditions, and Assyria’s conquest of Israel.
Second, the grammatical argument. Some critics see key differences in writing styles in the different sections of Isaiah.
In response to this claim, James D Smart said:
An honest recognition of the meagerness of the evidence demands of us a suspension of judgment. Yet one commentator after another has proceeded to base his interpretations upon assumptions that have rested on the flimsiest of foundations.
The Third argument is the theological argument. This argument says that theological concepts such as the majesty of God change throughout the book.
The Case for a Single Authored Isaiah
There is a strong case for the Book of Isaiah to have only one author.
1.) Citations from the New Testament
There are significant number of quotations in Isaiah that support a single authorship. Here is a table of all these citations.
2.) Manuscript Evidence
There is no manuscript evidence for a divided Isaiah. The oldest manuscript, from the Dead Seas Scrolls, shows no division in the book.
3.) Prophecy is Frequent Throughout Isaiah
One reason for the “Second” Isaiah (Chapters 40-66) is because of how much prophecy is contained in these chapters. However, the so-called “First” Isaiah (Chapters 1-39) contains prophecy as well
4.) There is a Unity of Theology and Language Throughout Isaiah
Key themes such as injustice, hypocrisy, and the denouncing of violence occur both in “First” and “Second” Isaiah. Additionally, both “parts” of Isaiah refer to God as the “Holy One of Israel”. This is very uncommon in the Bible outside of Isaiah.
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