Canadian researchers note that they have recently discovered a critical role that microglia—a class of cells present in the brain and spinal cord—play in the development of chronic pain. The signaling pathways identified through their studies, they suggest, could lead to important targets for the development of therapeutic strategies to deal with chronic pain.
According to a news release from the Canadian Association for Neuroscience, microglia constitute about 10% of the cells in the adult brain and spinal cord. According to the release, it was initially thought that microglia simply had a role in supporting neurons. However, researchers suggest that microglia have an important role in the spinal response following a nerve injury, by blocking the inhibition of pain-transmitting neurons and making transmission of the pain signal more efficient.
The research team’s findings also suggest that microglia-to-neuron signaling is crucial not only in the development of pain hypersensitivity after injury but also for one of the effects that morphine and other opioids sometimes produce called hyperalgesia, which is an increase in pain sensitivity caused by drugs prescribed to alleviate pain.
“We’re developing a new understanding of the control of microglia-neuron interactions that may be critical for individualizing pain therapies,” says the team’s lead researcher, Michael Salter, MD, PhD, a senior scientist and head of neurosciences and mental health at The Hospital for Sick Children (aka, SickKids), Toronto, professor of physiology at the University of Toronto, and Canada Research Chair in Neuroplasticity and Pain.
“Exciting new discoveries indicate that microglia not only play a critical role in disease states but also in the normal development and functioning of the brain and spinal cord,” Salter continues. “We are looking at these cells in an entirely new light.”
Per the release, research from Salter and his team shows how the experience of pain can change the nervous system to make it more sensitive to further painful experiences, to feel pain in response to events that do not cause pain in most people, and how opioids can paradoxically cause more pain. Salter states in the release that he hopes targeting the pathways identified in these studies could lead to development of therapeutic strategies to deal with chronic pain.
Salter presented his team’s findings recently at the 9th Annual Canadian Neuroscience Meeting in Vancouver.
[Source(s): Canadian Association for Neuroscience, Science Daily]


This study states that Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant reason for sickness and demise among grown-ups. Pneumonia is the most well-known type of pneumococcal illness in grown-ups, while obtrusive pneumococcal sickness (IPD), including meningitis and bacteremia, has serious clinical indications with a high case-casualty proportion (2). Since rate of grown-up IPD is high among more seasoned grown-ups, it is a general wellbeing concern, especially in nations with maturing populaces, like Japan.
Two sorts of pneumococcal immunizations are as of now accessible for grown-ups: the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody (PPSV23) and the 13-valent pneumococcal form immunization (PCV13). As per a deliberate survey, the viability of PPSV23 against IPD among grown-ups >50 years old was 54% (5). The CAPITA preliminary showed that the viability of PCV13 against IPD among grown-ups >65 years old was 75% (6). Since 2014, both PPSV23 and PCV13 have been suggested for more established people in the United States (7), though just PPSV23 is suggested in other big league salary nations.
Conversations over grown-up pneumococcal inoculation programs are confounded due to contrasts in immunization adequacy (VE) by serotype and age bunch.
Reference link- https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/10/19-1531_article
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When I was in school, I wondered, “Why is our educational system so outdated?” I remember riding horse-drawn carriages around the city and riding in Model Ts. Movies were silent, and women were not allowed to vote. But I also remember sitting quietly at a desk, listening to a teacher lecture about reading, writing, math, science, history, and other subjects. The way we teach in our schools is so outdated and has failed to produce a diverse generation.
The educational system is built on bias, starting with the funding decisions, and continuing through the materials we teach. What we teach in school is largely determined by our neighborhood. We live in a society with a “have-not” mentality, and that bias reflects on the curricula. Sadly, our education system hasn’t kept up with this change. But it’s never too late to change.
Today’s educational system is outdated, and it’s killing children’s imagination and character. Children’s minds are stifled and their teachers are overly concerned with grades and test scores. But those grades don’t really determine success. Students who are good at questioning are the most successful, and that’s exactly what we need to be a healthy society. So why is our educational system so outdated?
High school education is built on the Industrial Revolution model. It’s based on the IQ tests, which are largely outdated and arbitrary. We should be teaching kids about new thinking, brilliance, and optimism, not just standardization. But we need to rethink the way we teach and evaluate knowledge. This way, our children will be better equipped to face the world. The world will be a better place!


Wrist Tendonitis is the inflammation of the tendons at the wrist resulting from irritation against a bony prominence, injury, overuse, or other chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, or gout. Improper workspace ergonomics is also one of the leading causes of chronic wrist tendonitis. Wrist tendons control the movement of the wrist, hand, and fingers.
Wrist tendonitis causes pain, mild swelling, and weakness in the hand. Sometimes, a grating sensation is there in the tendon with movement. There is difficulty in performing activities involving grip action, and the inability to lift heavy objects. The involved area is tender and warm to the touch.
The five ways to treat wrist tendonitis include-
- Immobilization -The main aim of immobilization is to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Optimal hand positioning is required to reduce undue stress and strain on the inflamed tendons of the wrist. It is done by using a splint or an immobilizer. As soon as the symptoms subside, the next step is the movement of the wrist and hand to promote flexibility and strength.
- Cold packs/Ice therapy– To reduce pain and swelling.
- Exercise therapy– Stretching, strengthening exercises, and optimal hand positioning play a key role in recovering the inflamed tendons. Stretching helps to improve the flexibility of the tendons. ROM exercises help to maintain mobility. Strengthening exercises with progressive loading helps in gaining strength. Exercises to improve grip strength are crucial in achieving a fully functional hand. Ultrasonic sound waves also help in promoting healing.
- NSAIDs and Corticosteroid injections– To help reduce the pain and inflammation. Sometimes, PRP (Platelet-rich plasma) injections are also used to promote healing.
- Surgery is recommended only when above mentioned conservative measures fail to help in the recovery of wrist tendonitis, even after 3-6 months. It is rare. The goal of surgery is to make space for the tendon by releasing any constriction, repairing the tendon, and removing the inflamed part of the tendon.
STAY INFORMED! STAY HEALTHY!


in the hole
What Is The Definition Of In The Hole In Baseball?
1. This is a term that is used in baseball and softball to describe the batter who hits after the batter who is currently in the on-deck circle.
2. This term is also used to describe an unfavorable count for either a pitcher or a hitter.
3. This also describes the open areas between the shortstop and third baseman, and the second baseman and first baseman where a base hit can get through. Although there is also a gap between the shortstop and second baseman, this area is more commonly referred to as up the middle.
Examples Of How In The Hole In Used In Commentary
1. And to start off the top of the inning is Hamilton, with Johnson waiting on-deck and Sanchez waiting in the hole.
2. The pitcher is unable to get a strike and quickly falls in the hole 2-0.
3. The hitter swings and misses at the pitch and quickly falls in the hole 0-2.
4. Jeter lines a single through the hole and a runner will score.
SportsLingo Goes The Extra-Inch With The Meaning Of In The Hole
Although a player can’t swing the bat when they are in the hole, they can still prepare for their at-bat. Usually stationed at the front of the dugout, close to the on-deck circle, the batter can watch the pitcher to see if there’s any advantage they can gain. They can also determine what approach they will take during their at-bat, depending on if there are runners on-base or not.
The term “in the hole” most likely evolved from the boating term “in the hold” (referring to the cargo hold) which is the place prior to being “on deck” on a boat.
Sports The Term Is Used


The month of May for many is a hopeful, uplifting time of year, but it is also Mental Health Awareness Month and it’s time to kick the stigma. It is estimated that one in five American adults suffer from some form of mental disorder. Even without the hardships of a global pandemic, many adults struggle with depression, anxiety, addiction, and other mental health problems that affect quality of life for themselves and their families.
To raise awareness and money to expand treatment services for mental health disorders, the Indianapolis Colts and Irsay family have created “Kick the Stigma” – an effort to help people find support and talk more openly about mental health. By normalizing discussion about mental well-being, more people can get the help they need and learn the importance of practicing self-care and self-love.
Men, especially older men, often view mental health problems as a weakness and try to “tough it out” and avoid getting treatment or even admitting to an issue. But with greater awareness and education about mental health, dismantling of stereotypes, and greater supports for people with mental illness and their families, more people can get the help they need. In a time when mental health has been challenged for people of all ages and walks of life, it’s important that no one feels alone in their struggle.
By finding the strength and courage to talk about mental health, and share experiences, more people will get the help they need. Men account for 3.5 times the number of suicides as women, and depression is one of the leading causes of suicide, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. The shame of feeling week or unmanly adds to mental health issues and can surface as anger, causing men to put up walls and avoid getting treatment.
By dispelling these myths around depression, anxiety, or other mental health issues, more men (and women) can feel open about asking for help and getting professional mental health treatment. Learn more about depression in men and how to manage and prevent depression by following this link to the HeadsUpGuys website. Learn more about how to access mental health treatment by following this link to resources available in Canada compiled by the Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health.
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North Queensferry has, as the name suggests, been a town with a ferry connecting South Queensferry with North Queensferry or Edinburgh with Dunfermline, St Andrews and the Kingdom of Fife.
The estuary of the Forth has always been difficult to travel but from the earliest days many have done so at a time when Dunfermline was an important Christian venue and visited often by the saintly Queen Margaret. For her travels between Edinburgh and Fife a ferry route was set up and established, connecting the two sides of the Firth of Forth as early as the 11th century. Queensferry – north and south. And the Queen travelled a lot.
The ferry was busy for centuries and the rights given by the crown belonged to Dunfermline Abbey, a vital source of income. The sailors working the route were allowed to built a graveyard on the site of a medieval chapel dedicated to St James, the first place of worship on the pilgrimage once north of the Forth. In rather crude writing that still exists next to the entrance of the graveyard, the sailors made that known. The chapel had been destroyed by Cromwell troops in the 17th century. The graveyard is still there.
Unfortunately the graveyard is locked and the remains of the former chapel visible in the walls of the graveyard are hidden by ivy and other greenery. A tiny walled graveyard garden right in the center of North Queensferry, a few meters away from the original pier.
The iconic Forth Rail bridge spans the Firth of Forth and runs right above the tiny graveyard, trains rattling along every few minutes. There is not much solitude amongst the houses that surround this inaccessible burial ground. The building of the bridge took more than 70 lives but it made the Queen’s ferry soon redundant. Two more bridges span the Forth now, one for cars, one for public transport. Without a ferry here are no “sailers” left to be buried in the tiny graveyard close to the pier.
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Taymyr Peninsula brings back jaw harp music traditions
A jaw harp school has opened in the Arctic village of Khatanga, Krasnoyarsk Territory. Twenty students are learning how to play this old-time musical instrument.
Zinaida Maryasova, an employee of the Taymyr Nature Reserves, is the person behind restoring the tradition of playing the jaw harp. Her organization is involved in preserving many traditions of the small indigenous ethnicities of the North. She says that jaw harp is the only traditional musical instrument of the Dolgans, a northern people who are few in number. In the last century this skill almost died out but now the tradition has returned.
The musical instruments for the students were made by Dmitry Chuprin who works at the Taymyr Folk Art Center in Dudinka. Some of the jaw harps were brought from Yakutia where the musical tradition has continued.
Making jaw harps is a very demanding and, therefore, rare craft, according to the master. Jaw harps may have their specifics depending on the community that plays them. Also, jaw harps for children and adults differ slightly.
A jaw harp, sometimes also called "khomus," consists of a metal frame with a reed in the middle. The reed is held tightly by the performer's lips while his mouth and throat serve as a resonator. The musician uses his or her finger or a cord to move the reed while controlling the timbre with the breath.
Researchers believe that in the past, the jaw harp was one of the world's most common musical instruments, played by the ancestors of modern Europeans, Asians and Oceanians. The first jaw harp in Russia, dating back to the 13th century, was found in Veliky Novgorod.


Living with pain
Severe and disabling pain is the most common reason why people eventually diagnosed with endometriosis first go see a doctor. Women with endometriosis are more affected by pain on a daily basis than women with other pelvic problems.
Pain from endometriosis often starts during adolescence or early life. The level of pain (pain intensity) is not an indication of the stage of disease – even women with minor disease can have extreme pain. The pain associated with endometriosis can be experienced during menstrual periods (this is called dysmenorrhea), sex (dyspareunia) and going to the toilet (known as dysuria or dyschezia).
People have described their pain in many ways, as ‘stabbing’, ‘crushing’, ‘throbbing’ and ‘deep’. The pain is severe, described as ‘horrendous’, ‘crippling’, ‘excruciating’ and can interfere with daily activities such as going to school or work, or affect people’s social and personal life.
Managing pain is a very important part of endometriosis care and living with endometriosis. People with endometriosis access pain management services through their GP or other specialist.
Using appropriate pain management is important because severe endometriosis pain can interfere with sleep, daily activities, and mental and physical wellbeing.
You can read more about the options for pain management on the Treatment & Management Pathway page.


This USA based meta-analysis looked at the association between parenting and outcomes for children with developmental disabilities. The authors point out that despite there being an extensive literature supporting the positive relationship between positive parenting and child outcomes for typically developing children, there has been little work to analyse the literature specific to children with developmental disabilities.
What they did to carry out a meta analysis of the aggregation of effect sizes across 14 studies which covered 576 participants published between 1990–2008. 41% of the participants were female, 50% had Down syndrome.
A meta-analysis focuses on contrasting and combining results from a number of studies to identify patterns, disagreement or other relationships between those results. The aim of a meta-analysis is to estimate the true effect size of the phenomenon under study. Single studies may over or under estimate such effect sizes.
They found the random effects weighted average effect size indicated a moderate association between positive parenting attributes and child outcomes.
They were able to discount the effects of publication bias (the tendency to publish positive results over negative or null results. They found the effect sizes to be higher for older parents, younger children, and for those with Down syndrome.
They conclude that their results show a sufficiently large effect size to “provide support for efforts to evaluate and promote effective parenting skills when providing services for young children with disabilities.”
Positive parenting of children with developmental disabilities: A meta-analysis, Taylor Dyches T et al., in Research in Developmental Disabilities 33, 6, 2213-2220
Moderate association found between positive parenting & outcomes for children with disabilities http://t.co/bqbIoQ807D @weldblog
RT @mental_elf: Moderate association found between positive parenting & outcomes for children with disabilities http://t.co/WLEVS2GtSc
Moderate significant association found between positive parenting and outcomes for children with disabilities http://t.co/FIbzle2IEH


ROBOTIS STEM Level 1 & 2 Bundle Package
- Grade Level: 6th - 9th Grade
- Lesson Hours: 42+ Hours
- Number of Lessons: 21 Lessons
- Student to Kit Ratio: 1:1 Recommended (Up to 2:1)
- Curriculum Sample
Bring advanced robotics education into your classroom with the ROBOTIS STEM Series! Introduce Project Based Learning with the STEM Series. ROBOTIS STEM introduces basic and advanced robotics concepts in 3 different phases of increasing complexity and challenge:
- The Basic Phase allows students to observe and explore the robot core features and functionality.
- The Application Phase introduces sensor and code integration.
- The Practical Phase encourages students to accomplish a variety of challenges and missions with their robot through creative problem-solving‚ and to think about how these concepts apply to real-world situations.
Bundle Pack Contents
- 10‚ ROBOTIS STEM Level 1
- 10‚ ROBOTIS STEM Level 2
- 10 Exploring Robotics with ROBOTIS Systems Guidebook
- 10 STEM Level 1-1/2 Curriculum Workbook included in kit
- 10 STEM Level 2-1/2 Curriculum Workbook included in kit
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Scientists at Yale University have developed a novel cancer treatment that rapidly grows and enhances a patient’s immune cells outside the body using carbon nanotube-polymer composites
The scientists used bundled carbon nanotubes to incubate a type of white blood cell that is important to immune system functions. According to the researchers, the topography of the nanotubes enhances interactions between cells and long-term cultures, providing a fast and effective stimulation of the cytotoxic T cells that are important for eradicating cancer.
The team at Yale modified the nanotubes by chemically binding them to polymer nanoparticles that held a particular cell signaling protein that encourages T cell growth and proliferation. In order to mimic the body’s methods for stimulating cytotoxic T cell proliferation, the scientists seeded the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes with molecules that signaled which of the patient’s cells were foreign or toxic and should be attacked.
Over the course of 14 days, the number of T cells cultured on the composite nanosystem expanded by a factor of 200, Tarek Fahmy, an associate professor of biomedical engineering and the study’s principal investigator said;
In repressing the body’s immune response, tumours are like a castle with a moat around it, our method recruits significantly more cells to the battle and arms them to become super-killers.
According to Fahmy, previous procedures for boosting antigen-specific T cells required exposing the patient’s harvested immune cells to other cells that stimulate activation and proliferation, a costly procedure that risks an adverse reaction to foreign cells. The Yale team’s use of magnetic CNT-polymer composites eliminates that risk by using simple, inexpensive magnets to separate the composites from the T cells prior to injection.
Modulatory nanotechnologies can present unique opportunities for promising new therapies such as T cell immunotherapy, engineers are progressing toward the design of the next generations of nanomaterials, allowing for further breakthrough in many fields, including cancer research.


The digital age of smart lighting technology and the Internet of Things has revolutionized the creative canvas with bold new ways to experience art. Today, art and technology are as intertwined as ever, resulting in new, interactive mediums and innovative solutions.
Smart Lighting Transforms Art
French impressionist Edgar Degas once observed, “Art is not what you see, but what you make others see.” In this mural by Milan-based art duo Carnovsky, red, green and blue (RGB) colored filters reveal each layer of the digitally created wallpaper.
Smart Lighting Becomes Art
Another digital exhibit, Assemblance, is described by creator Umbrellium as “a fully immersive interactive augmented reality made ‘real’ by using light as a physical material …” The collaborative project explored the marriage of mind and body with three-dimensional laser light that people “sculpt” into structures with sweeping movements of their hands and body.
Smart Lighting Enhances Art
Intelligent lighting has not only changed how we create new art, but how we view the great works of the past. In 2013, the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam integrated a new LED lighting system that closely mimics natural daylight, yet preserves artwork dating back to the Middle Ages. In another recent renovation, LED lights with adjustable color spectrums revealed the full radiance of the Sistine Chapel for the first time in history. Since then, many museums and art galleries have followed suit.
The Future of Technology in Art
The technology keeps moving forward, which makes it easier for the artists to tell their stories and paint the pictures they want. – George Lucas, creator of Star Wars
Contemporary artists have access to tools that break the barriers between imagination and reality. Wireless automation, total connectivity, programmable scenes, and color manipulation are just a taste of how smart lighting technology is redefining the way we create and experience art.


Chinas Cultural Revolution
Paper Masters can custom write research papers on any aspect of China's Cultural Revolution that you need focused on.
While all cultures vary widely between one another, there are certain consistencies that cut across those differences. Each culture has a structure that involves the existence of a certain elite who have an investment in seeing the culture remain the same. So long as the culture remains more or less the same, or so long as change is gradual, the elite can remain in their positions of influence. China's culture was no different - thus an effort to obliterate elitism was the foundation of the Cultural Revolution under Mao Zedong's leadership.
In the 1950s, China undertook a Mao-inspired program called the Great Leap Forward in an effort try to reach its industrial goals. This was followed in the 1960s by another program instigated by Mao known as the Cultural Revolution. This Revolution was aimed at purging of certain elites and bureaucratic elements considered to be "bourgeois." Mao looked mainly to the masses for his support and as the means by which his programs would be carried out. He depended on a small cadre of Chinese Communist hierarchy who were dedicated to him to help him fashion post-World War II China into a Communist state. The peasants, however, often suffered under Mao's rule and his programs. Even Communist leaders of various cities or political groups became victims of Mao's programs and other actions to establish and strengthen China as a Communist state. The course of Mao's long rule over China was marked by a series of programs and purges in which Mao tried to modernize China and bring China to reflect Communist political and social ideas as he saw these. Mao's rule in China resembled Stalin's in Russian. The rule of both Communist leaders was characterized by the following:
- large-scale, totalitarian programs
- Collectivization to force their nation's population into institutions called for by Communist theory,
- Regular, and often deadly, purges of their country's Communist political leadership.
Sample Outline on China's Cultural Revolution to Base a Research Paper On
- Chinese Cultural Traditions
- Political Roots of Culture
- Agrarian Society
- Communism as a Catalyst
- Post WWI
- Mao Zedong
- May Fourth Movement
- Culture in Post-Mao China
- Nationalism vs. Western Culture
- Modernization of China
- Constant Transition


Two peas in a pod? How about 1,000 dolphins in a pod? A pod is a group of dolphins that travels together. But why do dolphins do this?
Being mammals, dolphins rely on social learning and relationships to survive. In pods they play, babysit, alert each other to danger like predators, practice courtship, and hunt together. In fact, traveling in a group compensates for their smaller body size. Additionally, dolphins sleep with one half of their brain at a time while the other half remains alert and active; traveling in a group allows dolphins to rest while still having awareness of the environment around them through the watch of other conspecifics.
Social order in a pod is created and maintained through communication of all forms. Whether verbal through whistles, clicks, and squeaks produced from their blowholes, or nonverbal cues such as eye contact, play, or synchronized swimming, dolphins rely on information from others for survival and security. Scientists believe each dolphin’s mother assigns it a unique signature whistle at birth, sort of like a name, to help with locating each other in larger group settings.
Most pods range from two to 30 individuals, but on some occasions superpods or megapods form, which contain hundreds or even thousands of dolphins. Superpods occur when multiple groups of dolphins converge during times of mating or hunting opportunities, though these giant groupings don’t last very long and are very rare to spot. Once activity has died down, dolphins will return back to their smaller pods.
The three types of pods we observe across dolphin species are maternal/nursery pods; juvenile pods; and bachelor pods. Maternal/nursery pods include adult females and their calves ranging in age from newborn to about three years old; this social structure allows mothers to babysit while the others hunt and allows calves to learn the skills they need before going off on their own. Juvenile pods include both young males and females that leave or are kicked out of their maternal pods and travel together. The advantage to their newfound independence is the opportunity to join new social groups, which can help create genetic diversity. Bachelor pods are small groups of two to four adult males that become closely bonded. These close social relationships allow for mating, territorial, and hunting behavior, and bachelor pods will only rarely interact with other social groupings.


For the first time in modern history, the National Park Service (NPS) has asked for help from the hunting community to reduce the herd of bison on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. This is an unprecedented opportunity, and hunters nationwide are quick to apply. The NPS is treating this not as a hunting opportunity, but a culling operation, and hunters will be treated as volunteers.
Meat and trophies will be distributed to the volunteers after the operation, so it doesn’t sound like it’s a “pick your trophy” kind of hunt. It’s going to be a lot of hiking, a lot of shooting, and a lot of hauling meat and carcasses out. Volunteers are expected to be in good shape for hiking rough terrain at elevation, and be properly geared up to hunt and pack meat out.
Typical bison hunts on private land range from $4,000 to $6,000 or even higher for a big trophy bull, so naturally the hunting community is excited for this chance to hunt for free (other than a $65 fee for a background check), and use their honed skills to contribute to conservation by management.
Only 25 applicants will be selected at random, and of that 12 final hunters will be chosen for the chance to cull over 400 bison from the herd of approximately 600 animals. Without management, the herd is expected to grow to over 1,500 bison in the coming years and is at risk for damaging its habitat from overuse.
The bison herd cull will take place this September and October in 4 different 5-day operations, presumably with 3 volunteer hunters in each operation, and meat, hides and so forth will be distributed to volunteers at the discretion of NPS after each operation.
Applications are only open until 11:59pm on Tuesday May 4, 2021 (Arizona time), and you can apply here: https://www.azbisonstewards.com/
You can read more FAQs from the NPS here: https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/nature/bison-reduction-faqs.htm


REINFORCE International Training Course 2022
Citizen Science creates numerous opportunities for all citizens – independent of their location, gender, or education – to be involved in ground-breaking fundamental research. Through citizen science activities, everyone can contribute to the development of new knowledge. Increasingly, scientists from Large Research Infrastructures and Frontier Physics experiments are starting to share their data and ask for citizens to support the optimization of their detectors to enhance discoveries potential.
Have you ever wondered how you can contribute to cutting edge scientific research or how can frontier science contribute to society? Can you imagine yoruselves participating in a community with other citizens, teachers and researchers, analyzing real data, participating in exciting discoveries, and helping optimize Large Research Infrastructures in the fields of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, High Energy Physics, Neutrino Astronomy and Cosmic Rays?
The REINFORCE International Training Course 2022 answers the questions above with a loud “Yes” and invites you to join a vibrant community of citizens, researchers and educators from all over the world aiming to bridge the gap between frontier research in Physics and Society through citizen science!
In the REINFORCE International Training Course you will:
- Collaborate with researchers in order to Optimize Large Research infrastructures in Physics to understand and eliminate the “noise” that hinders their discovery potential.
- Learn how Citizen Science can help connect Research and Society.
- Receive training in the fields of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, High Energy Physics, Neutrino Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics through citizen science and educational activities developed by leading experts in frontier Physics research and science education.
- Perform virtual visits to large research infrastructures in Europe
- Learn how to use real data to perform your own inquiries.
- Help shape the future of Europe’s curricula in the field of Modern Physics.


Wind has both speed and direction. Anemometers measure wind speed and wind vanes measure wind direction.
A typical wind vane has a pointer in front and fins in back. When the wind is blowing, the wind vane points into the wind. For example, in a north wind, the wind vane points northward.
A cup anemometer is a common tool to measure wind speed. The cups catch the wind and produce pressure difference inside and outside the cup. The pressure difference, along with the force of the wind, causes the cups to rotate. Electric switches measure the speed of the rotation, which is proportional to the wind speed.
At wind speeds below about 3 mph, the cup anemometer is prone to error because friction keeps the cups from turning. At wind speeds above 100 mph, cup anemometers often blow away or give unreliable measurements. In freezing rain, the anemometer can literally freeze up and stop turning.
Propellers also can measure wind speed. The propeller blades rotate at a rate proportional to the wind speed.
A windsock often is used at airports. A windsock is a cone-shaped bag with an opening at both ends. When it is limp, winds are light; when it is stretched out, winds are strong. Pilots can quickly determine the wind direction and speed along a runway just by observing the shape and direction of a windsock.
Sonic anemometers use sound waves humans cannot hear to measure wind speed and direction. The instrument determines the wind velocity by measuring the time between when the instrument sends a sonic pulse and when it is received.


Use of rectangular pipe:
The rectangular pipe used for metal works and constructions, agricultural industry, highway guardrails, furniture, vehicle parts.
It is one of the most versatile and useful steel products. The uniform geometric shape ensures constant resistance along the entire length within the constructions where there are loads on two or several axes.
We distribute both the rectangular pipe obtained by cold deformation (standard EN 10219), and hot-finished rectangular pipe (standard EN 10210). As specified in the standard, the mechanical characteristics, tolerances and properties of the cross section are slightly different.
The hot-finished rectangular pipes ensure greater deformation possibilities and are suitable for uses subject to dynamic forces, and the cold-formed pipes ensure high mechanical resistance and high yield point. They are used to make fixed load-bearing structures in civil, industrial and mechanical constructions. Cold-formed tubular sections stand static pressures, but show low shock resistance.
Delivery standards according to:
EN 10210 - 1
EN 10219 - 1
Manufacturing tolerances according to:
EN 10219 - 2 and EN 10210 -2
Steel grade S235JRH, S275JOH, S355J2H
Quality certificate: according to EN 10204 type 2.2 or 3.1B
Manufacturing lengths of square pipe 6 and 12 meters.


Today, November 2, 2018, is “Love Your Lawyer” day. We wanted to take some time to acknowledge our beloved lawyers and reflect on their hard work. Lawyers can often be the tagline of a joke, but it’s important to remember all the good they do. “Love Your Lawyer” day was started by an attorney named Nader Anise in 2001; his intention was to bring more positivity and respect to the lawyer’s public image. It became an official national day in 2015, on the first Friday of every November. The official tag used on social media is #LoveYourLawyerDay. They have also incorporated the Share the Love campaign; for every act of love a lawyer receives, they are encouraged to pass one on to someone else as well. The American Lawyers Public Image Association (ALPIA) has also started a campaign to eliminate lawyer jokes and bashing for one day, this day.
The History of Love Your Lawyer Day
Codes of law have been around since the time of the Babylonian King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia. There was code put in place to make sure such laws were enacted fairly, and judges could be fined if they were guilty of judging incorrectly. Codes of law have become more and more complicated, bringing about the need for our subject of the day, lawyers. These civil servants make sure civilization runs smoothly by defending people accused of crimes, representing those who otherwise would be helpless, and are the chosen few who see the darkest parts of humanity so that we don’t have to. ALPIA put this day together to remember exactly the hard work lawyers do, so that for one day, they are not subjects of jokes or complaints, but are subjects of kind words and thank yous. Without them, citizens would not be able to navigate the complicated and sometimes unfair world of law.
How do we celebrate “Love Your Lawyer” day? No lawyer jokes. Let’s celebrate them instead. Showing our appreciation for the time and energy they spend defending us is probably a well-deserved break from our otherwise constant reproval.


We will see 5 kinds of cybersecurity techniques, which can ease in reducing the cyber-attack amongst enterprises and organizations.
- Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
The crucial infrastructure cybersecurity technique is deployed to secure the systems that have the crucial infrastructure. they are systems on that the societies heavily trust. These include- Electricity grid, Water Purification, Traffic lights, searching centers, and hospitals.
- Network Security
Network security could be a technique that allows organizations to secure pc networks from intruders, targeted attackers, and opportunist malware. because the web has an associated assortment of networks related to varied websites, it is usually decided that the organizations become targeted with unauthorized intrusion, with malicious intent.
Experts recommend the later ways for upgraded network security:
- further Logins
- New Passwords
- Antivirus programs
- concealed Mode
- Checked web access
- Cloud Security
Most organizations are currently inclined towards using computer science to boost their businesses, enhance client ability, and for economic operations.
With the overplus of knowledge offered at every step of structure set-up, it becomes tough for organizations to store this knowledge in physical type. Also, it is decided that always this knowledge is unstructured and springs from unknown sources, which may cause a threat to the organization’s network.
- Internet of Things Security
The Internet of things is being determined to be a succeeding tool for the age. A report by Bain and Company has calculable the market size for IoT to expand by US$520 billion (about $1,600 per person in the US) by the year 2021.
With the aid of its security network, IoT provides the user with a spread of crucial and non-critical appliances like appliances, sensors, printers, and Wi-Fi-routers amongst routers.
- Application Security
The users get dotty with different applications, that embody hardware, software, and devices. however, the associate application becomes equally vulnerable to cyber-attack or malware just like the networks.
Application security thwarts cyber-security infringement by adopting the hardware and software package ways at the event part of the project.


Seasons of Wildlife
The refuge is noted for its numerous numbers of wintering ducks and geese. Yazoo NWR has over 50,000 overwintering geese and 100,000 ducks by providing much needed foraging, loafing, and cover opportunities for waterfowl. Beginning in late fall and ending in early spring, Yazoo Refuge provides resting and feeding areas for such species as blue and green-winged teal, mallards, gadwalls, shovelers, Canada geese, and snow geese.
From March through May, wood ducks are common and use the more than 500 artificial nest boxes provided for nesting.
Neotropical songbirds such as painted and indigo buntings, prothonotary warblers, robins, marsh wren and Carolina chickadees are among the numerous species that can be observed during spring. Flocks of magnificent white pelicans also stop over on their spring and fall migrations.
The all-time-favorite animal for many visitors is the American alligator. A common resident of the refuge’s many sloughs, streams, lakes, and shallow ponds, alligators can often be seen on warm spring days basking on logs or banks, or floating motionless.


Perhaps the most endearing ‘gem’ in the localised bird mix resident in the low-lying top corner of the Kruger National Park is the Black-throated Wattle-eye which favours riverine habitat along the Luvuvhu River and in particular the mixed woodland in the vicinity of the well-known Pafuri picnic site.
Its presence is frequently detected by the repetitive and less than harmonious ‘rasping’ contact call emanating from deep within a tangle of creepers or streambank vegetation or patches of lowland evergreen forest.
Sexes differ in underpart colouration with the male sporting a narrow breastband separating the white throat and underparts.
The female, after which the species is named, has an all-black throat and upper breast contrasting markedly with the dark greenish black back common to both sexes. Most notable is the distinctive ruby red ‘wattle’ above the eye as the defining identification feature.
Like the rest of the medium-sized flycatcher and smaller batises, wattle-eyes are constantly on the move, flitting about actively in search of insects, usually in closely bonded pairs, or foraging in the company of mixed-species feeding flocks.
A delightful ‘duo’ and a great sighting if fortune favours the interlude opportunity during your visit to Northern Kruger.
For more info on birding in South Africa, contact Patrick on email@example.com


- Title: Ein Gedi 001
Ein Gedi is an oasis and a nature reserve in Israel, located west of the Dead Sea, near Masada and the Qumran Caves. Ein Gedi was listed in 2016 as one of the most popular nature sites in the country.
Ein Gedi nature reserve was declared in 1971 and is one of the most important reserves in Israel. The park is situated on the eastern border of the Judean Desert, on the Dead Sea coast, and covers an area of 14000 dunams (one modern dunam equals the area of one decare).
The elevation of the land ranges from the level of the Dead Sea at 423 meters (1,388 ft) below sea level to the plateau of the Judean Desert at 200 meters above sea level. Ein Gedi nature reserve includes two spring-fed streams with flowing water year-round: Nahal David and Nahal Arugot (German article at: de:Nachal Arugot). Two other springs, the Shulamit and Ein Gedi springs, also flow in the reserve. Together, the springs generate approximately three million cubic meters of water per year. Much of the water is used for agriculture or is bottled for consumption.
The reserve is a sanctuary for many types of plant, bird and animal species. The vegetation includes plants and trees from the tropical, desert, Mediterranean, and steppian regions, such as Sodom apple, acacia, jujube, and poplar. The many species of resident birds are supplemented by over 200 additional species during the migration periods in the spring and fall. Mammal species include the Nubian ibex and the rock hyrax.
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We have seen architects and engineers come p with strange and bizarre ideas from time to time and have seen oddly shaped houses in different parts of the world. One similar story happened back in Russia in the 70s. Russian architect Evgeny Stamo and engineer Alexander Markelov devised plans leading to the construction of a apartment complex not seen before in the Russian capital, Moscow.
The apartment was shaped like a ring or a circle about 150 meters across and housed a large inner courtyard, complete with playgrounds and green spaces at the center of the ring. This building was to have over 900 apartments as well as all the necessary services and facilities. The building had its own shops, a pharmacy, a laundry room, a studio, a post office and any other day to day necessities. This circular shape of the house gave rise to the name “bagel house.” This was completed in 1972, and the authorities in the capital were so impressed that they drew up more plans to replicate the house at multiple locations in the city.
The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were to be held by the Societ Union. The authorities decided to build five similar bagel houses to honor the Olympic rings and to symbolize the event. The construction was underway, and by the time the second house was built in 1979, the Soviet Union was near economic collapse, and the project was shut down. These houses, although conveniently having all the necessities, were expensive to maintain and construct.
Another factor was that the bagel houses were spaced too far apart to symbolize the five Olympic rings. Maybe, it would have been visible if traveling above it in a plane, but from the ground, they would have just seemed like oddly shaped houses at some intervals
Both of the buildings built almost have a century ago are still used as apartments. Each building has nine floors and over twenty entrances. People complain that finding the right entrance and the right apartment for someone visiting it for the first time is nothing short of a miracle.


The average person in the UK travels nearly 900 miles a year to shop for food*. This is an expense that isn’t often taken into account when travelling out of town to large shopping complexes and retail parks.
Food Miles are also a measure of the distance the produce is transported between production and consumption. The more miles the more greenhouse gases produced. The miles travelled by the items in the average shopping basket can be enough to travel twice around the planet.
However, just reducing the miles travelled by the produce and customer is not everything. It can be less environmentally friendly to grow tomatoes in Britain under glass than it is to import tomatoes from Spain.
It’s a complex issue, but you can be sure that keeping your own mileage down by shopping locally and supporting local businesses is better than travelling to out of town retail parks. Suma, one of the Natural Food Stores main suppliers, has been Ethical Consumer magazine’s Best Buy company for many years now. Their continued commitment to ethics has led Ethical Consumer magazine to describe Suma as “a real trailblazer within the co-operatives movement and beyond”. Suma are constantly working to ensure a continued commitment to ethics: within their own organisation and community and in all their partnerships with customers and suppliers and the products we supply.
* Ghost Town Britain ii: Death on the High Street, New Economics Foundation, 2003


One of the most loved food in the world is Italian gelato, with a history dating back right to the Egyptians, where Pharaohs used to offer their guests a chalice divided into two parts: one with snow and the other with fruit juices.
However, to see a version of Gelato which is more similar to the one we know, we have to fast forward until 1565 where Bernardo Buontalenti, a native of Florence, Italy, delighted the court of Caterina Dei Medici with his creation: a delicate mixture of snow, salt, lemon, sugar, milk, and egg white.
Around the world
It was 1686 when a Sicilian, Francesco Procopio Dei Coltelli, opened a café named “Cafè Procope” in Paris introducing Gelato (made with fruits, honey, and ice) to Europe and, of course, it quickly became one of the most celebrated haunts of the literary establishment in France.
Gelato was brought to the USA in 1770 by the Italian Giovanni Biasolo, but in 1846 Nancy Johnson brought ice cream to the masses with her hand-cranked ice cream churn, which consisted of concentric cylinders, a lid, a paddle, and a crank.
An inner can was placed inside the main bucket. Then ice and rock salt were placed between the two vessels. Because salt lowers the temperature of ice, a thin layer of milk froze in the inner can.
The crank on the outside was connected by meshed gears to a paddle inside. The hand crank moved the paddle that scraped the frozen milk from the walls to expose a layer of milk not yet frozen. The consistent stirring and temperature resulted in smoother ice cream with a uniform texture.
Gelato or Ice Cream?
Although we are commonly mistaken, we should not confuse Gelato with Ice cream. Gelato is a healthier product, made with fresh ingredients, and above all, it has less air than ice cream, making the flavor much more intense.
If you are still unsure, why don’t you pay us a visit and try one of our delicious flavors of Gelato from our Menu? You will be blown away!


Czech Radio´s history
About Czech Radio
The Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) was the first country in continental Europe to begin regular radio broadcasts. The date was 18th May 1923.
The first broadcast was made by a company named Radiojournal from an army tent in the Prague district of Kbely. Radio was developing rapidly and the need for a new building which would be more suitable for radio was growing. In the nineteen-twenties, Czech radio moved to several different places, probably the most unique of which was a regular four-room apartment. It was obvious that this situation had to be solved, and in 1933 a completely new building at Vinohradská street was inaugurated.
Today Czech Radio broadcasts from four nation-wide and four specialized stations and runs a net of regional broadcasting in all regions of the Czech Republic. An integral part of the structure is Radio Prague International which broadcasts in six different languages. The broadcasting is also available via internet and mobile applications.
Czech Radio also organizes several competitions and festival. Spring is devoted to International festival of radio production Prix Bohemia Radio. Concertino Praga is an international competition devoted to young musicians. Together with Concerto Bohemia, it was an incubator for many worldwide known and respected virtuosos.
Part of Czech Radio´s structure is created by the Prague Radio Symphonic Orchestra, Disman Children´s Radio Ensemble, Czech Radio Children´s choir, Brno Radio Orchestra of Folk Instruments and Gustav Brom Radio Big Band. Czech Radio Foundation was established in order to support charity projects, project Firefly being one of them.
More about Czech Radio’s history can be found below.


- ABOUT SCPD
- Department Structure
- Specialty Units
- School Resource Officers
School Resource Officers
Prior to the 1950s, the concept of a School Resource Officer (SRO) was not widely known. Most educational interaction between schools and local law enforcement was done on an informal basis and by request.
In the late 1950s, the first SRO program was started in Flint, Michigan. Its overall goal was to improve the relationship between the local police and youth. For the first time ever, officers were placed in schools on a full-time basis. They served as teachers and counselors.
The program was determined to be a huge success and Flint, Michigan became a role model for future SRO programs across the country. Positive evaluations have continued to keep the program in place for almost 60 years.
In January 1973, the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals convened in Washington, D.C. to formulate goals for crime reduction and prevention. The Commission recommended that every agency over 400 employees should assign a full-time officer to each junior high and high school to teach classes, counsel students, serve as a resource, and enforce the law. This was the first time the SRO program received national recognition.
The National Association of School Resource Officers has adopted the triad approach for law enforcement programs. This program outlines the role of the SRO as that of:
- Law enforcement officer
SROs are frequently asked to assist with other issues such as suicide intervention, drugs, gangs, family crisis situations, and school-related matters to name a few. In many cases, the SRO is more than just a cop in a school. They become friends to the students, faculty, and parents. They are asked many times to help in situations that typically would be considered outside the realm of police work.


Our minds and bodies are closely linked, so our physical health can impact our mental health and our mental health can impact our physical health. It’s important to look after both.
Here are some of the things that can help our physical and mental health:
Eating and drinking regularly. Our bodies need regular fuel. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day; it gives us the energy we need. People who eat breakfast notice they have more energy, are more motivated, have better concentration, are less restless and that their moods are more stable. Aim to have breakfast, lunch and dinner plus snacks throughout the day. It’s important to stay hydrated so drink water regularly.
Activity. When you’re at school or college you might be sat down a lot of the day. Make sure you do some physical activity every day. This could be going for a walk, playing at the park, doing some sport or exercise. Do activities with your friends and keep it fun!
Sleep. Making sure you get enough sleep is vital for our physical and mental health. Having a routine is important for this; you should aim to go to bed and get up at similar times every day, even on weekends or during holidays so that your body can develop a healthy routine. See our sleep section for more help if you struggle with your sleep.
Check Ups. It’s important to see your dentist and optician regularly to check your teeth, gums and eyes. If you are feeling physically unwell there are lots of ways of getting advice and help:
Tell a parent or carer
Ask your school nurse for advice
Make an appointment with your GP surgery
Freephone NHS non-emergency medical helpline on 111 (24 hours a day, 365 days a year)
Visit The MIX website for help and advice on everything from sleep problems to stretch marks or call free on 0808 808 4994 (11am-11pm everyday).


Web-based Programs for Physical Education
Concentrating again on resources for bringing technology into school Physical Education programs, we want to share three online programs to support and track student (and anyone, really) progress.
1. We told you about one not long ago, Georgia SHAPE initiative, sponsored by the Governor’s office. Because childhood obesity has a significant impact on health and the economy (healthy workers!), the state government is stepping in with resources, activities, advice, and recipes for healthy living.
2. Georgia’s Department of Natural Resources has a great program with the State Parks called Tons of Fun. The site encourages “better choices, healthy changes” with fun things to do. Using the state’s numerous parks and programs there, the site encourages activity that is fun, offering choices as varied as seasonal gardening and mountain biking. Participants can track their weight loss and find support from a community striving for healthy living. There are also great recipes by celebrity chef Cat Cora and Georgia’s Executive Chef, Holly Chute, using seasonal, local produce. While you cannot practically take your students to the local State Park for each class, you can use the tracking tool there as well as the other great resources and ideas for activities.
3. Part of encouraging healthy living in students is teaching them about a healthy diet. The FDA released a new concept for teaching healthy eating, Choose My Plate. It differs from the traditional food pyramid that many of us remember by focusing on what a meal should look like. The base include both the plate and the cup and what should be in each one for every meal. To make this lesson interactive, you could make the plate interactive by dividing the class into groups who have to run to different piles of “food” – magazine cutouts, cards, toy food – and create their “plates” for the day.
Did you catch the other two parts to this three-part series?
Tech Tools for Physical Education
Apps for Physical Education


FSc 1st Year Chemistry Chapter 2 Notes
FSc Part 1 Chemistry Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques in Chemistry Notes
We know you are looking for 1st-year chemistry notes of Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques in PDF to download. Best and comprehensive chemistry notes for FSc part 1 students. That’s why we have uploaded the best quality notes of 11th class Chemistry. You can easily download Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques or view them online.
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These notes are based on the syllabus for class 11 of Punjab Boards. Except for Punjab, all other boards do not follow the first-year chemistry notes. The following are Punjab education boards. Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, and Sahiwal Board.
By providing you with these quality educational resources, we hope to facilitate your learning. We would appreciate you letting us know if you find any errors in our notes for the 11th grade. Additionally, if you are pleased with our work, please tell your friends about it so they can also achieve higher marks in their matriculation exams. In case of questions, please leave a comment below. We encourage you to share this article because “Sharing is Caring”.
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Let be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables, and let be the number of “record highs” upon to and including event . For example, each can represent the amount of rainfall in a year, where is amount of rainfall recorded the first time that records were kept. As shown in Gamma (page 125), the expected number of record highs is
As noted in Gamma,
Two arbitrary chosen examples are revealing. The Radcliffe Meteorological Station in Oxford has data for rainfall in Oxford between 1767 and 2000 and there are five record years; this is a span of 234 recorded years and . For Central Park, New York City, between 1835 and 1994 there are six record years over the 160-year period and , providing good evidence that English weather is that bit more unpredictable.
When I researching for my series of posts on conditional convergence, especially examples related to the constant , the reference Gamma: Exploring Euler’s Constant by Julian Havil kept popping up. Finally, I decided to splurge for the book, expecting a decent popular account of this number. After all, I’m a professional mathematician, and I took a graduate level class in analytic number theory. In short, I don’t expect to learn a whole lot when reading a popular science book other than perhaps some new pedagogical insights.
Boy, was I wrong. As I turned every page, it seemed I hit a new factoid that I had not known before.
In this series, I’d like to compile some of my favorites — while giving the book a very high recommendation.
One thought on “What I Learned from Reading “Gamma: Exploring Euler’s Constant” by Julian Havil: Part 12”


The results showed that women born in the 1970's should look at their drinking habits.
The study compared trends in alcohol-related deaths of people born between 1910 and 1979.
Overall, men were much more likely to die from alcohol-related disease than women and the age range most affected was people in their 40's and 50's.
But while, for the majority of people, rates have levelled off or even dropped slightly, the same cannot be said for the youngest group of women, those born in the 1970's, where the death rates actually increased.
The Surrey Institute of Clinical Hypnotherapy have also noticed that women in their 30’s and 40’s make up the bulk of the clients coming to see them for problem behaviours with regards to alcohol.
It would appear that women in this high risk group (in Surrey at least) are becoming aware of their behaviours around alcohol and are turning to our hypnotherapy for alcohol programme to change their behaviours around alcohol.
Paul White, the behavioural change specialist at the Surrey Institute of Clinical Hypnotherapy and former Chairman of the National Council for Hypnotherapy, said, “The problem is that alcohol is a readily available, legal substance for adults to use. Prolonged or excessive use can lead to dependency problems. Even use of alcohol in small amounts can impair the ability to work machinery or drive safely.”
At the Surrey Institute of Clinical Hypnotherapy we use hypnotherapy to remove dependency to alcohol. Behavioural change is usually achieved relatively quickly and can normally lead to a permanent resolution. The outcome is not influenced by the length of time the behaviour has taken place in the past.
We have successfully treated a wide range of problem behaviours over many years, ranging from cocaine to gambling. We would not usually class smoking or weight loss as an addiction/ problem behaviour.


Sandshed: The Sand Is on the Move!
There is a constant flow of sand from the land into the ocean. Watershed run-off and bluff and hillside erosion bring sand to the beach. Sand grains travel southward down the coast, while finer particles of sediment are carried and deposited further out to sea.
Along the way, sand is washed ashore, temporarily resting on beaches, until it is re-suspended in the ocean by wave action or wind. The one-way journey down the coast ends when sand is blown inland forming sand dunes, or more commonly, when it flows into a submarine canyon. This deep underwater feature is essentially the dead end of a littoral cell, where sand is deposited for the long-term and, for practical purposes, lost.
A littoral cell is a distinct area of the coastline where sand enters the ocean, flows down the coast, and then is removed from the system. Permanent loss of sand occurs at the end of the littoral cell when it flows into a submarine canyon or, less frequently, when it accumulates on shore as part of a sand dune. The amount of sand available to…
Credit: Dave Hubbard and UCSB Sea Grant Team


Gross motor skills are the abilities to use the big muscles of the body for standing, walking, jumping, running and more. We start to learn these skills from the very beginning. Babies learn from neck control to side turning, crawling, sitting, and standing. As the babies grow, … [Read more...]
Difference between Occupational and Physical Therapy
What is the difference between Occupational Therapy (OT) and Physical Therapy (PT). When you heard a term called “Occupational Therapy”, many people think that what is occupational therapy? And if they know it, they may ask “is it similar to physical therapy?’. Many people … [Read more...]
Sensory Integration and Occupational Therapy- Sensory integration therapy is an integral part of occupational therapy. Occupational therapist practices, sensory integration (SI) mostly in the pediatric population. Sensory integration is nothing but a developmental process, … [Read more...]
What is Down’s Syndrome?
Down's Syndrome - Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21. Down syndrome is a naturally occurring chromosomal arrangement that has always been a part of the human condition, being universally … [Read more...]
what does an Occupational therapist do?
What is an occupational therapist and what do they do? A professional who practices, occupational therapy is an occupational therapist. When occupational therapists use the term occupation, they are not talking about a job. Instead, they consider occupation as an activity that … [Read more...]


What is an ``agricultural sniper robot'' that maps fields and snips and thins out unnecessary crops?
surpassed 8 billion on November 15, 2022, and is expected to exceed 10 billion by 2050. In order to solve the pressing energy and food problems, farmers are introducing robots and doing large-scale cultivation, but a new robot that automatically sprays pesticides on agricultural crops has appeared.
The world population has
Sniper robot treats 500k plants per hour with 95% less chemicals | Challengers-YouTube
An agricultural robot developed by Verdant Robotics looks like this.
The part in contact with the ground expands left and right.
Spread to cover crops.
The robot can map fields with multiple cameras and automatically detect planted crops. By taking a 'digital copy' of a vast field, it is possible to accurately grasp which crops are planted where.
This makes it possible to detect weeds and good quality seedlings.
Then, it automatically sprays pesticides on unnecessary crops and automatically performs 'thinning' to leave only necessary crops.
laser weeding robots .
As a result, it is possible to save 95% of the amount of pesticides compared to the conventional method of scattering pesticides over the entire field. The robot covers about 17,000 square meters per hour and can deploy lasers in addition to pesticides, so it is said to be much more efficient than existing
It is also possible to perform three-dimensional mapping with CAD.
It seems that even in fields where tall plants such as apples are grown, pesticides can be sprayed horizontally. With this technology, it is possible to automatically perform tasks such as spraying pollen only on flowering buds.
In addition, the high accuracy of the mapping makes it possible to handle intercropping, such as planting other crops between crops.
Gabe Sibley, CEO of Verdant Robotics, said, “Farmers are often perceived as stereotyped and unwilling to change, but in our experience this has not been the case. They're looking right at it and they're pulling us in. What they want is a system that processes data and does the work automatically.It's a very rewarding job.' .
in Ride, Posted by log1p_kr


The Judaic Studies program at the Ramaz Lower School is a spiral program of skills and content, based on the Jewish year
Our goal is to increase the proficiency of both spoken and written Hebrew. We believe that the best way to achieve this is by following the natural path of language development as much as possible. To that end, the school day is divided into two equal parts: General studies conducted in English, and Judaic studies -- including Hebrew language arts -- conducted only in Hebrew. This division provides our students with maximal exposure to spoken and written Hebrew during the school day, both during formal teaching times and during implicit teaching (assemblies, daily conversations, etc.). In accordance with the Ramaz teaching model, we work in small groups.
Learning Hebrew is done in two main tiers:
In addition to formal instruction, we have a variety of activities that expand our students’ exposure to Hebrew in different genres, and strengthens their connection with Israel:
- Hebrew Enrichment – students are referred by teacher’s recommendations.
- Moadon HaSefer – students in 2nd-4th grade are encouraged to read a modern Israeli book and discuss it in a Hebrew book club.
- School Newspaper – students write articles, riddles, crossword puzzles, and stories; the newspaper is published twice a year.


Citarum River originates in Situ Cisanti located at the foot of Mount Wayang, which lies to the south of the city of Bandung, and travels to the north until it empties into the Java Sea.
At about 297 km in length, the Citarum is the longest and largest river in West Java Province. The river plays a critical role in the social and economic life of people in West Java and the capital Jakarta. The river provides water sources for raw water supply, agricultural irrigation, fisheries, hydropower generations to supply electricity in Java and Bali Islands as well as industrial productions.
Over the last twenty years the environmental condition and water quality along Citarum drainage area have significantly decreased. A rapid urbanization process as a consequence of an ever progressive development goes in line with an industrial expansion, a high population growth, an expansion of public settlement and land conversions for development. A great deal of negative impacts is the accumulative product of the imbalance between robust economic developments and environmental protections.
Almost in every rainy season floods threaten various areas in West Java. The river water pollution due to industrial and agricultural production has hit a dangerous level, threatening public health and livelihoods. The complexity of issues faced by Citarum River Basin presents a challenge to a collective rehabilitation and management effort to make a better Citarum.


What is emotional learning, emotional knowledge or social-emotional learning? What does it mean in the early childhood education practice and how does it relate to the life of the parent?
An Early Childhood Journey · 16 minutes · 2 years ago
The Importance of Promoting Positive Self-Talk for ChildrenWhat is emotional learning, emotional knowledge or social-emotional learning? What does it mean in the early childhood education practice and how does it relate to the life of the parent?
Importance of Self-Talk
It describes the importance of self talk, why is it important and why we should start practicing more of postive self talk ..!!
importance of education
Edycation is important for today youth .. they will leaders of tomorrow
Positive Self Talk Collective
Positive Self Talk is a powerful tool that you can use to bring many benefits to your life. Make the time every day to develop the positive self talk muscle within you. Listen to the words being spoken, say them internally or out loud. Repeat the process.
Importance of education
I talked about importance of education and in the second part I talked about importance of educating a girl child
Importance of art with children
Here I talk a bit about what art means to me and how I believe it is essential for children to be exposed to it.
I know that some of us feel insecure and unstable. I have felt that way for a while. Just know that I got your back, no matter what.


What is bone grafting
Bone grafting is a medical procedure wherein a part of the missing bone is replaced by another bone or material known as bone graft. Through this surgical procedure, the graft not only replaces the missing portion of the bone, but also helps the regrowth of the bone. Over a period of few months, the existing bone and the grafts fuse.
WHERE CAN IT BE USED?
Bone grafts are generally used when bone is missing which can happen mainly due to periodontal disease (pocket formation), trauma, accident, tumor removal or it maybe congenital in nature.Bone grafts are also used with dental Implants
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRAFTING MATERIALS ARE AVAILABLE.
graft that is taken from the person’s own body.
graft that is taken from a donor, usually deceased, and is procured from a bone bank. Such grafts are commercially available.
grafts made from synthetic raw materials like calcium phosphates or calcium sulphate.
grafts procured from another species like bovine bones.
Most predictable and successful therapeutic results are achieved with the use of Allografts.
WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE OF BONE GRAFTING
- A dental bone grafting procedure is carried out under local anesthesia. With a routine flap surgical procedure, bone grafting is done at sites where it is required to produce new bone. It is a relatively painless procedure with minimum postoperative complications.
- These bone grafts, over a period of time form new bone and aid in the correction of a periodontal defect or healing of a periodontal pocket. New bone formation also stabilizes the Implants or creates adequate bone for the placement of Dental Implants.


Applied Aviation Sciences
Climate change is impacting human health. An obvious effect of a warmer environment is more frequent and severe heat waves. During the European heat wave of 2003, there were an estimated 35,000 more deaths than normal in the first two weeks of August. Many of the deaths resulted from cardiovascular complications among the elderly. As heat waves become more commonplace in the future, so will the number of heat strokes and the onset of other cardiovascular problems. Higher summertime temperatures also increase tropospheric ozone concentrations which in turn affects people with asthma and causes lung and heart damage. Increases in the levels of photochemical pollutants like ozone are associated with a warming world.
Journal of Climatology & Weather Forecasting
Scholarly Commons Citation
Snow R, Snow M (2015) The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health. J Climatol Weather Forecasting 3: e109. doi: 10.4172/2332-2594.1000e109
Diseases Commons, Environmental Education Commons, Environmental Monitoring Commons, Environmental Public Health Commons, Sustainability Commons


Given the complexity of hoarding disorder, there are many considerations that should be taken into account when planning to address the issue. Addressing hoarding disorder can require intensive, lengthy, costly, and complex responses. Given that a large number of community, agency, family, and individual resources may be involved, it is critically important that those who encounter hoarding disorder respond thoughtfully and strategically. A coordinated plan of help that maximizes resources across community agencies and resources is likely to get the best possible result for the person with hoarding disorder and those affected by it.
Help From Community Agencies
Every community has agencies staffed by professionals from various disciplines that are likely to respond to cases of hoarding disorder. These disciplines may include, but are not limited to:
- Public health (including environmental health)
- Mental health
- Protective services (including child, adult and elder)
- Elder/aging services
- Legal (including civil and criminal justice and law enforcement)
- Fire safety
- Animal control
Although members of each of these professions may become involved for somewhat different reasons, the underlying intention is the same – to protect the health and safety of the individuals living with and affected by hoarding disorder.
Legal & Ethical Considerations
Hoarding disorder can create a number of issues, often extending beyond the person with hoarding disorder into their community. Because of this, community laws, policies, and requirements may need to be addressed and upheld. These include the laws, policies, and/or requirements of sanitation, safety, mental health, physical health, animal protection, etc. Helpful intervention requires professionals from various community departments and agencies to work together to meet legal and ethical regulations, while also ensuring the current and future health and safety of those with hoarding disorder and affected others.
In addition to public and government involvement, private services such as visiting nurses, occupational therapists, professional organizers and professional cleaning companies may need to help. Coordinated care across agencies can be very helpful in getting into the homes of, and providing stepped care for, those with hoarding disorder.


Oral hygiene is an important part of your orthodontic treatment plan. If you have braces, it is important to learn the best way to brush and floss. A proper oral hygiene routine will keep your gums and teeth healthy during treatment.
The doctor recommends that you brush your teeth following each meal to ensure that there are no tiny pieces of food left behind in your mouth. We recommend purchasing a soft-bristled toothbrush and using circular motions to brush your teeth. Be sure to include the surfaces between your gums and brackets. To target those areas, we recommend tilting the bristles away from your gums. If you have trouble removing all of the food particles, you may find a proxy brush or water pick helpful.
A proxy brush can be used to push out any lingering food particles, water picks are also a great investment!
Initially, flossing with braces may seem like an arduous task because you now have a wire between your teeth the floss. There’s an easy way to get around this, just slip the floss under the wire! You can then floss normally, just be sure to apply light force to avoid damaging your braces. You will get used to flossing with braces in no time at all!
For more valuable suggestions, head to the tutorial videos below!
Take a few minutes to explore the videos below and learn more about the proper oral care with braces!


A number of start-ups developing self-propelled cars regularly post videos of their vehicles navigating through various traffic situations and reacting to objects. We also have some understanding of how objects are detected. However, the number of objects and situations that can be recognized increases exponentially when combined.
Take a skateboard as an example. This can be carried by a person under the arm, or a person can be on it, or it can simply be parked somewhere. Depending on how it is used, a self-propelled car must be able to assess the situation and react to it.
Waymo has now given a small, non-technical insight into this issue in a blog post. In collaboration with Google Search, the blog draws on the data treasure that this department has been working on for years within the Alphabet Group. In Google Photo Search, for example, all kinds of objects are identified and catalogued in pictures. Even though Waymo himself has collected a large amount of data, the use of Google Photo Searc data allows a leap in accuracy.
All image data collected by Waymo during its test drives is broken down from rough categories to an increasingly granular object classification. For example, in the case of a truck, the inscriptions are also read using character recognition (OCR) and their contents analysed. Thus a truck can not only be classified as a heavy goods vehicle, but also the make and type. This makes it possible to predict the corresponding driving behaviour that can be expected from such vehicles. For example, such a heavy-duty transporter moves slower or needs a larger turning circle to turn, and first make a turn against the turning direction to create the turning circle.
Thanks to this additional data, Waymo’s neural network will be better trained, and therefore more responsive to driving situations. And one vehicle can share this with all the others, so the entire fleet will successively drive better. Waymo has prepared a small animated graphic to show this analysis of the image data.
This article was also published in German.


Recently, the World Health Organization decreed that bacon & processed meats contain carcinogens and classified both in the same risk category as tobacco and asbestos. Of course, this has raised a lot of questions and triggered alarm in bacon lovers across the world. But is it true? Does bacon cause cancer? There’s a lot more to this story and I want to take the time today to go through some of the fine points and establish the bottom line.
If you want more info like this, fat loss tips, recipes & workouts, make sure you get on the free VIP email list! Motivation is something you have to create every day and these emails can be a huge part of keeping you focused and encouraged!
Does Bacon Cause Cancer?
In this episode we’re tackling a whole bunch of things including:
- What did the World Health Organization really say about bacon and processed meats?
- How do they determine what goes on the list of carcinogens and the category ranking it receives
- What are the limitations of the information they put forth?
- What is accurate in what they put forth?
- Does bacon cause cancer and should you be concerned?
- What about red meat? What are the risks and rewards?
- What’s the deal with nitrates in bacon and processed meats?
- How you can make the best choices when it comes to bacon, processed meats, red meat and fat loss?
Are you on the free VIP email list? Take a sec to hop on to get your free carb strategies for fat loss cheat sheet as well as weekly emails with recipes, workouts, info and motivation! List of ranked carcinogens by classification Red meat and colon cancer – limiting factors of existing research Great summary of the issue on Wired Smoking & cancer


To help students learn subject matter and skills that will contribute to their development as mature, able, and responsible men and women.
ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
- Meets and instructs assigned classes in the locations and at the times designated.
- Treats all students with respect, being responsive to the diversity and needs of individual students.
- Plans a program of study that meets the individual needs, interests, and abilities of the students.
- Creates a classroom environment that is conducive to learning and appropriate to the maturity and interest of the students.
- Encourages students to set and maintain standards of classroom behavior.
- Guides the learning process toward the achievement of curriculum goals and –in harmony with the goals-establishes clear objectives for all lessons, units, projects and the like to communicate these objectives to students.
- Diagnoses the learning disabilities of students.
- Evaluates pupils' academic and social growth, keeps appropriate records and prepares progress reports.
- Bachelor of Arts degree.
- Valid Teaching Certificate.
- Ability to read, analyze, and interpret general business periodicals, professional journals, technical procedures, or governmental regulations.
- Ability to write reports, business correspondence, and procedure manuals.


The Determination of the Degree of Trophicity of the Lacustrine Wetlands in the Eastern Carpathians (Romania)
Abstract: The lakes over Romania’s territory are relatively uniformly distributed within most physico-geographical regions. A low density is specific to the West, where significant drainage works have been realized, while the highest density is characteristic to the North-East, with numerous ponds, registered since the 14th-15th centuries. Most of the lakes within the Romanian territory, especially those analyzed in the present study, are anthropic. Most of the natural lakes are small-dimensioned and they do not have a special ecologic or economic importance. Although situated in different physical-geographical conditions, the analyzed lakes are mostly included in the category of good waters from a qualitative point of view, and within the eutrophic, mesotrophic or hipertrophic category, from a trophic point of view. Because of the fact that most lakes are anthropic, it is obvious that they are artificially maintained at this stage. Most of the mountain lakes and those in the volcanic areas are ultra-oligotrophic and oligotrophic. The lacustrine wetlands in the mountainous units are relatively meagrely developed, as their distribution is limited by the morphology of the landforms.


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ART. I.-1. The Public Function of Woman... A Sermon. By THEODORE PARKER. John Chapman...
2. Woman and her Wishes. An Essay. By THOS. WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. John Chapman.
3. Remarks on the Education of Girls. J. Chapman.
4. A Brief Summary of the Laws concerning Women. John Chapman.
5. Bertha and Lily; or, the Parsonage of Beech Glen. By ELIZABETH OAKES SMITH. Aird & Tunstall.
AMONGST the most interested and intelligent of our readers we confidently reckon many of the class whose social position is to form the subject of the present article ;-Women of mature minds, cultivated tastes, and high aims, possessed of education, thought, and refinement, who are habituated to the consideration of great subjects, and with whom all the leading questions of the day are matters of interest, and present materials for the exercise of thought and judgment. Yet we think it probable that to many even of these, alive as they are to the existence of numerous social evils, it may yet be a matter of surprise, that their own public position is becoming one of these great public questions; that their own grievances, their own disabilities, the oppressions and injustice to which they themselves are subject, are collectively, in the judgment of many of their sex, the most crying evil of the day-the great bar to progress; and that male politicians, and social regenerators of name and weight in their own circles, support them in this opinion.
So little, perhaps, have they entered into this dark view of the circumstances of their being, that a totally contrary impression may hitherto have been the habit of their minds, Respected, cherished, beloved, feeling themselves the centre


Have you ever heard, what is a Vertical Garden. If you look at the pictures below, surely many who have been here. In a simple vertical garden is a garden planted in vertical media. Somebody call a vertical garden with Vertical Landscape, Green Wall, Jardin Garden. This garden is considered suitable because of the limited urban land and this garden can be planted in the vertical walls of buildings or private homes.
Placing plants in order to grow in the walls need a little trick, considering that much more difficult to grow in a vertical condition compared to the normal position. So, take the container or the right module for fixed plants grow fast and do not die.
VERTICAL GARDEN BENEFITS
Besides adding beauty, the positive effect is to lower the vertical garden to the interior of the building thermal temperature. Because the leaves of plants can reduce the heating effect of solar radiation. This is due to the circulation of air flowing through the foliage and stems of plants slit. The point is that the vertical garden can withstand heat from outer space. Also the noise from outside can also be muted.
Usually leaves the element has a vertical garden that meeting, this can reduce air pollution because of the vertical garden to catch particles of dirt. Another advantage that is no less important is increase the supply of oxygen and do not need a large land. The walls of the house as a planting medium.
MAKE A VERTICAL GARDEN
Actually very easy to make a vertical park. You can make simply by vines is to put chicken wire on the wall and then wrapping vines in some parts of the wire, and treated properly then the plant will spread by itself.


Informational (nonfiction), 1,433 words, Level W (Grade 4), Lexile 870L
People enjoy all kinds of food--strawberries, pizza, salad, chocolate--but how many people really know how food travels through the body and how the body reacts? Digestion provides students a chance to learn about the journey food takes through the body and how it supplies the body with the nutrients it needs. The book can also be used to teach students how to sequence events and to summarize as they read.
More Book Options
Kurzweil 3000 Format
Use of Kurzweil 3000® formatted books requires the purchase of Kurzweil 3000 software at www.kurzweiledu.com.
Teach the Objectives
Summarize to understand text
Sequence : Sequence events
Grammar and Mechanics
Inflectional Endings : Recognize and use inflectional ending -ing
Syllable Patterns : Recognize and identify syllable patterns within a word
Think, Collaborate, Discuss
Promote higher-order thinking for small groups
or whole class


Technical is a very broad term. In this category the key requirement is to use the right terminology and technical information. That can be very important to ensure effective and safe operation, for example in the case of manuals, guides and instructions.
If possible, we also ask for the associated illustrations. With technical translations it’s sometimes crucially important that the translator fully understands the subject matter. That’s the only way to ensure a good and safe translation. The work will still involve a lot of research and many terms will need to have their meaning double-checked.
For example, one country may attribute a discovery or invention to a different person than another country. The Gutenberg/Coster debate has now been settled*, but diseases or symptoms, for example, are sometimes named after different people in French-speaking areas than in the rest of the world.
We also have experience of translating in the fields of gamification and e-learning, the methods used in change processes and to get to grips with machines or, for example, to detect money-laundering. With these kinds of methods participants cannot move to the next step if they don’t understand the previous one. That means the translator has to bring a UX attitude to his or her work.


BACOLOD CITY, Negros Occidental, Philippines – The Department of Health has a new classification system for individuals for COVID-19 or COVID-19-related cases.
The new classification consists of only three: Suspect, Probable, and Confirmed.
“Suspect” are formerly Persons under Investigation under the old classification system. These are the ones that develop “mild, severe, or critical” symptoms but have not yet undergone testing.
“Probable” are cases where test results for COVID-19 are inconclusive; while “confirmed” are those who tested positive for COVID-19.
Suspected cases are those with flu like symptoms, including a 38-degree fever, and cough, with a travel history to any of the places where there is local transmission of the COVID-19 in the last 14 days before symptoms started manifesting.
Suspect cases could also be those who developed a sudden cough or respiratory infection, requiring hospitalization, with no known cause that could fully explain the symptoms.
A person can also be considered as a suspect case if he/she has fever, cough, or shortness of breathing, and are any of the following: those aged 60 and above, has existing conditions, has a delicate pregnancy, or is a health worker.


The law of demand states that a change in the price of a good or service results in a change of quantity demanded by the consumer. There is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded in that a price increase will result in a decrease in quantity demanded and vice versa. The degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded as a result of a change in price varies with the type of good or service. Elasticity of demand measures this responsiveness or sensitivity of demand of a commodity to price change (Brue, McConnell, & Flynn, 2010).
Price elasticity of demand may be elastic, unitary or inelastic. It is shown as a percentage change of quantity demanded as a result of 1% change in price (Brue, McConnell, & Flynn, 2010). A price elasticity of demand of more than one means that the commodity is price elastic, if it’s less than one, the commodity is price inelastic. Price elasticity of demand is unitary when the value is one, meaning that a 1% change in price brings about a proportionate change in quantity demanded.
A percentage price increase of a product which is price elastic will result to more than a proportionate percentage decrease in quantity demanded (Brue, McConnell, & Flynn, 2010). Therefore, a price increase of a product which is highly elastic will lead to reduced revenue. Conversely, the percentage change in quantity demanded will be less than the percentage change in price if the product is price inelastic. A price increase of products which have inelastic price elasticity of demand will increase revenue.
The goal of taxation is to increase revenue for the taxman. Imposition of tax on a product leads to an increase in its price and reduced sales for the producer. If a tax is levied on products which are price elastic there will be more than proportionate drop in sales and the government may not raise targeted revenue from such a tax. Imposing a tax on those products which are price inelastic will achieve the desired results of increasing tax revenue because a price increase as a result of tax will not affect sales significantly(Brue, McConnell, & Flynn, 2010). Knowledge of price elasticity of various items is critical in determining which products to impose taxes on.
Brue, S., McConnell, C., & Flynn, S. (2010). Essentials of economics (2nd ed). New York, US:


Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
Coordinates: 39°48′12″N 89°38′50″W / 39.8032°N 89.6473°W
The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is a museum in Springfield, Illinois. It contains papers and exhibits about U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Much of the museum is made of dioramas, or re-creations of scenes from the life of Lincoln. These include scenes of Lincoln in Springfield, Lincoln in the White House, and Lincoln at Ford's Theater. They were designed by Bob Rogers, who used to work for The Walt Disney Company as a designer. Some historians did not like that the exhibits were designed by someone who had worked for Disney. They thought that Disney people do not tell American history the right way. Along with the dioramas are original artifacts of Lincoln, such as the first copy of the Gettysburg Address. The library's founding director was Richard Norton Smith, who wrote several books on American presidents. Its current director is Eileen R. Mackevich.
Run by the state of Illinois, the library opened on April 19, 2005. After three years, it had more than 1.5 million visitors.
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Ferguson, Andrew (2007). Land of Lincoln: Adventures in Abe's America. New York City: Grove Press. pp. 98–101. ISBN 978-0802143617.
- ↑ Kostyal, K. M.; Goodwin, Doris Kearns (2009). Abraham Lincoln's Extraordinary Era: The Man and His Times. National Geographic Books. p. 212. ISBN 978-1426203282.
Other websites[change | change source]
- Media related to Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum at Wikimedia Commons


Recently, an article in newspaper took my attention. Since 1752 when the queen of Habsburg empire made the decree, lines of trees were planted around the roads. This had several reasons: it helped with orientation, it prevented erosion of the road (which, at that time, differed vastly from what we know now) and it gave at least partial shelter against the elements to those using the road.
During both world wars, these trees by the road were often left to their own fate and lack of care was problem ever since, despite the fact that they could have their own role even today.
Over the years, climate changes made some trees far too vulnerable. Roads became wider and transport faster. While planting trees right next to the road was good in 18th century, it’s not so good today. Partially because their roots can disrupt asphalt, and because the road itself limits their growth. Partially because crashing into a tree is potentially deadly accident. And lastly, because salting roads during winter is not really healthy for the trees.
Yet, many of the positive aspects still preserve. They can act as partial shelter, disrupting the wind, giving pleasant shade in summer and being important landscaping element. Due to how roads and traffic works these days, those who care for the roads say that the optimal distance from the road is (based on allowed speed) 3 to 7 meters, compared to 1 to 1,5 meters used in 18th century. Yet, the buffer line where the land belongs to state (or district, or whoever owns the road) is usually 3 meters, which means planting the trees would need to be done on private property, if they were to be in safe spot…
There are issues, but it seems that landscaping that worked 250+ years in past can still work well in present time. That is, if the choice of tree respects the conditions.


An analog electrical device that allows you to adjust your voltage or current higher or lower, using the principles of induction. They are the big boxes that ominously hum at substations for power plants.
- Take a torus of metal, such as iron.
- Wind a wire around one side of the torus for n1 turns.
- Wind a different wire around the other side of the torus for n2 turns.
- Apply some current to the first wire. i amps * n1 turns * C constant = B Teslas induced in the torus.
- The torus acts as a circuit for the magnetic field, so the same B Teslas are induced in the other coil.
- B teslas / ( n2 turns * C constant ) = i2 amps induced in the second coil.
- So: i2/i = n1/n2.
- Since power must be conserved, Vout/Vin = n2/n1.
There's usually a significant power loss
involved in using transformers, as you need to make two energy transformations. They can also be quite noisy
, as the wire loops can pick up magnetic transients
from the surrounding environment. And since they rely on having a chunk of metal
as a magnetic conductor, anything that requires a non-trivial
amount of power is going to weigh a lot more. Transformers are why your stereo
and amplifiers are so heavy. Truly, there is more than meets the eye
when it comes to Transformers


A huge portion of New Zealand's South Island has been designated as the world's largest International Dark Sky Reserve, making it one of the best places for stargazing on the globe.
"The new reserve is coming in at a 'Gold' level status," said the International Dark-Sky Association's executive director Bob Parks in a statement. "That means the skies there are almost totally free from light pollution. To put it simply, it is one of the best stargazing sites on Earth."
To qualify to be a reserve, areas need to be endowed with dark skies and virtually no light pollution.
The new reserve includes Aoraki/Mt. Cook National Park and the Mackenzie Basin, and has been dubbed the "Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve." It is the fourth such dark sky reserve in the world and covers more than 1,600 square miles (4,144 square kilometers).
This week's announcement coincides with the Third International Starlight Conference, a United Nations-led effort that emphasizes a star-filled night sky is part of the common heritage of mankind and that protections are necessary to ensure that present and future generations will be able to see the stars.
Last month, the IDSA announced the formation of the first such spot in Africa, the NamibRand Nature Reserve, a private nature reserve in southern Namibia.
Organizers of the new reserve in New Zealand recognize that the night sky played a critical role in the area's history as its first residents, the Maori, used it not only to navigate to the island but also made astronomy and star lore a part of their culture and daily lives. Mackenzie Basin has the clearest, darkest and most spectacular night sky in New Zealand, according to the IDSA statement.
Outdoor lighting controls were first put into place in the area during the early 1980s. They have helped not only to minimize light pollution for the nearby Mt. John Observatory, but to conserve energy, protect wildlife and make the area a popular one for stargazers.
This story was provided by OurAmazingPlanet, a sister site to SPACE.com. Follow OurAmazingPlanet for the latest in Earth science and exploration news on Twitter @OAPlanet. We're also on Facebook and Google+.