The pleas of the colonists of New France for assistance in their struggle with the Iroquois were answered in 1665 with the arrival of the first French regular troops in Canada, the Carignan-Salieres Regiment.
Between June and September 1665, some 1200 soldiers and their officers arrived in Quebec, under the leadership of Lt. General Alexander de Prouville, Sieur de Tracy.
The series of forts established by the Regiment along the Richelieu River, along with the success of its second campaign into the land of the Mohawk Indians, led to a long period of peace for the colony, which permitted it to prosper. However, King Louis XIV’s plan included the permanent settlement of many of the soldiers and officers in Canada. Over 450 of these troops remained in the colony, many of whom married the newly arrived filles du roi.
Most persons of French Canadian descent can claim one or more of these brave soldiers as ancestors. In addition to the list of soldiers and officers on the official “roll” of the Regiment, there were many others who participated in the successful campaign against the Iroquois, including many militiamen who resided in the colony but whose names were not recorded for posterity. We honor all these 17th century men who paved the way for growth and prosperity of New France.
Click here for a listing of the Soldiers in the Carignan-Salieres Regiment who settled in Canada.
Click here for a listing of the ships that brought the Regiment to Canada in 1665.
Again, the above information came directly from www.fillesduroi.org. Please visit their site and look around at the great information that they have.


Targets and Green Paper proposals will protect and enhance our natural world.
New, long-term environmental targets have been announced by the government today. The proposed targets are a cornerstone of the government’s Environment Act which passed into law in November last year.
They will drive action by successive governments to protect and enhance our natural world.
The proposed targets cover water, air quality and the diversity of our wildlife, including:
Other targets include halving the waste that ends up at landfill or incineration by 2042, increasing total tree cover by 3% by 2050, and significant improvements in the condition of Marine Protected Areas by 2042.
New targets on water quality will tackle the most significant pressures on the water environment and help unlock the most serious challenges to clean up England’s rivers and support our wider ambitions under the Water Framework Directive, and in the 25 Year Environment Plan for clean and plentiful water.
Targets to cut air pollutant PM2.5 will reduce exposure to the most harmful air quality across the country and in locations where levels are highest, with a 50% cut in acceptable levels going well above and beyond previous EU targets while remaining achievable.
The proposed targets will now be subject to an eight week consultation period where government will seek the views of environment groups, local authorities and stakeholders.
The Environment Act put a key focus on driving forward nature’s recovery and the government is also setting out today new proposals in a Nature Recovery Green Paper which will support our ambitions to restore nature and halt the decline in species abundance by 2030.
We are proposing to make the processes clearer and more certain for all users, with more consistency in how we protect our nature sites. A rationalised legal framework, supported by local expertise and scientific judgement, will enable our regulators to be confident in making conservation decisions most appropriate for each site and ultimately ensure a better, more coherent protected site system.
Posted On: 16/03/2022


CONSERVATION OF STONE CLADDING ON THE FAÇADE OF ROYAL PALACE IN CASERTA
Keywords: Royal Palace in Caserta, stones cladding, façade, cultural heritage, non – structural elements, seismic risk
Abstract. The beauty of cultural heritage and monumental architecture, is often linked to their non-structural elements and decorative stones façades cladding. The collapse of these elements causes significant consequences that interest the social, the economic, the historical and the technical fields. Several regulatory documents and literature studies contain methods to address the question of relief and of the risk analysis and due to the non – structural stones security. Among the references are widespread international regulatory documents prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States by Applied Technology Council and California. In Italy there are some indications contained in the Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni and the Direttiva del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri in 2007, finalize to the reduction of seismic risk assessment of cultural heritage. The paper, using normative references and scientific researches, allows to analyze on Royal Palace of Caserta the safety and the preservation of cultural heritage and the vulnerability of non-structural stones façade cladding. Using sophisticated equipments of Laboratory ARS of the Second University of Naples, it was possible to analyze the collapse of stone elements due to degradation caused by natural phenomena of deterioration (age of the building, type of materials, geometries , mode of fixing of the elements themselves). The paper explains the collapse mechanisms of stones façade cladding of Luigi Vanvitelli Palace.


Microsoft says that up to 70% of users surveyed use Excel to maintain a database or large lists. To be truly proficient in Excel, you must be familiar with these tools to manage data efficiently.
It’s all the more important as data collection has become more automated and you’re getting swamped with tons of data. But what can you do with all that data? You need to know how to re-arrange the data (sort), see just what you want to see (filter), create quick summaries (subtotals), restructure fields containing too much data (using Flash Fill tool and Text to Columns features) and eliminate redundant records. If you are setting up new lists, you need to know the powerful validation tools that keep out bad data from the start and how to drastically reduce data entry with drop-down clickable lists.
Why should you Attend: Master the tools of Data Management – Sorting, Automatic Subtotals, and Filtering, as well as other techniques that provide clarity and quick answers so that you can understand your data better and faster.
You can do more with Microsoft Excel worksheets than just calculate data you can tackle powerful data management needs with ease too! With just a bit of know-how, you can take advantage of the power of Excel to validate data, sort data (based on content, color, or icon), insert automatic subtotals, filter the data to see just what you need to see, restructure columnar data that has been improperly grouped, eliminate duplicate records in a flash, and use powerful expanded functions to analyze the data in any list, regardless of size.
Areas Covered in the Session:


English /Grammar & Language /Parts of Speech
Browse our large collection of parts of speech worksheets and other resources aimed at helping students understand the use of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and more. Teach the parts of speech confidently and accurately to develop confident readers and writers.
Use the side menu to search for specific subtopics or use the filter above to narrow the results by resource type and/or grade level.
Parts of Speech Wheel: Set 2
Use the pictures to brainstorm nouns, verbs and adjectives. Five different pictures and a blank wheel for a picture of your own.
Parts of Speech Theme Park
Sort the nouns, verbs and adjectives into the correct positions in the theme park.
Parts of Speech Island
Write a set of words (nouns, verbs and adjectives) to match each person, animal, or object on the island!
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives & Adverbs Superhero Word Search
Find the superhero words and sort them according to the parts of speech.
Nouns, Verbs & Adjectives Word Search
A colour coded word search! Find the nouns, verbs and adjectives in the word jumble!
Soccer School Poster: Nouns, Verbs & Adjectives Search
Search a soccer school poster for nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Scooter Ad: Nouns, Verbs & Adjectives Search
Search the scooter advertisement for nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Video Game Ad: Nouns, Verbs & Adjectives Search
Search the video game advertisement for nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Fun Fair Poster: Nouns, Verbs & Adjectives Search
Search a fun fair poster for nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Nouns, Verbs & Adjectives Puzzle
A cut and paste puzzle. Match the nouns, verbs and adjectives and a set of jokes!
Noun, Verbs & Adjectives Sort
Sort the list of words under the headings: ‘nouns’, ‘verbs’, ‘adjectives’.


Eating healthy promotes strong teeth in children, and by encouraging a healthy diet, you can protect your child’s teeth from dissolving enamel and decay. In many ways, the types of foods you eat have a direct correlation to their long-term dental health. As an essential part of preventative dentistry, the quality of our foods translates to the quality of your oral health. However, sometimes it can be hard to gain the nutrients we all need when fast food options present a cheaper alternative or when low incomes result in less than nutritious foods. But it’s important to make an effort to eat healthier because while that chocolate bar may taste good, it doesn’t do good for you or your child’s teeth.
Our bodies are amazing machines due to their ability to fight off infections and diseases and having poor nutrition only compromises that ability. Many studies cite the effectiveness of diets on oral health and argue that nutritional foods can help prevent many of the oral diseases we often try to avoid, including cavities and gum disease. In many ways, our mouths present an open the door to our overall wellness and can provide many clues about how our bodies are doing. In a more accurate sense, they’re a gateway to bacteria strains such as streptococcus mutans to enter our mouths, develop plaque, and infect our gums and teeth. Combine that with poor oral hygiene, and your teeth are in deep trouble!
One of the great things about diets is that they can be started at any point, and they’ll always provide benefits. When it comes to eating healthy, here are some of our tips:
We encourage a well-balanced diet for the whole family, and together with good brushing habits, your child’s teeth will be sparkling clean and strong in no time. For more information about how to aid your family’s diet and receive dental care, contact your local family dentist to arrange an appointment.


Fun Tales Readers is a set of 27 small readers that help children practice reading at a beginning level. The readers are only five inches by four inches, so they are easy for young children to handle. They come in a sturdy slipcase for convenient storage.
These readers use a few basic sight words (e.g., the and a) along with single-syllable, short-vowel words. Students learn the letters and their sounds in a particular order, from the sounds that are easiest to hear to the most difficult. The first reader begins with words using only the letters: a, b, m, p, and t. That reader has only four pages while the rest have eight. The sentences gradually get longer, and the sentence structure becomes more complex. For example, in the twenty-seventh reader, there are two sentences on two of the pages. The final page reads: "Jen yells, 'Yes!' Tex is glad."
The covers of the readers feature bright colors, while the inside pages are black and white. Each page has a cartoon-style illustration that relates to the text.
Sonlight includes the Fun Tales Readers in their Phonics K Program, but these readers can be used with any phonics-based reading program.


Apr 17 , 2021
Designed to Move | Shoulder Labral Tear
The shoulder joint is comprised of the humeral head (the location where the upper arm meets with the shoulder) and the glenoid (the shoulder socket). Surrounding its circumference, there is a protective, ring-like cartilage layer, called the shoulder labrum, which acts as a insertion site for the rotator cuff tendons and muscles. Repetitive overuse of the shoulder and overhead movements, improper lifting techniques, overstretching, and sudden jerking movements of the arm may lead to labral tears.
How Does This Happen?
We use our shoulders every day so there is a susceptibility to receive trauma in the area. The two most common types of labral tears are SLAP tears and Bankart tears.
SLAP tears (superior labrum from anterior to posterior), the most common type, is often seen in individuals who engage in frequent overhead throwing movements (athletes), or repetitive lifting. They occur at the top front side of the shoulder where it meets with the biceps.
Bankert tears usually coincide with shoulder dislocation because of instability in the joint.
Signs of Shoulder Labral Tears
- Aching sensation throughout the shoulder joint
- Pain and catching sensations associated with lifting and overhead movements
- Previous shoulder dislocations/sensation that the shoulder is coming out of the socket
- Shoulder instability
How Do You Fix Shoulder Labral Tears?
For most SLAP tears, resting time and a good pain management strategy will often heal such tears. For more severe tears and Bankart tears, medical procedures may be advisable. To help prevent and/or minimize symptoms, we would recommend the following exercises:
- Release - Pec Minor & Levator Scapulae 2min on each muscle - both sides of the body
- Activate - Supine Crunch with Rotation - External Oblique 2 x 20
- Integrate - Shoulder W's - Scapulothoracic Rhythm 2 x 20
- Strengthen - Standing band scaption - Rhomboid & Mid-Lower Trapezius 2 x 20


UV 101 or Why Sunscreen Isn’t Just for the Beach
We’ve all heard that the sun’s rays cause skin cancer and wrinkles. Yet, so many people still only use sunscreen at the beach. I think that’s because most people are under the impression that skin cancer and photo-aging only happen if we get a sunburn. That’s just not true. The sun’s rays are damaging during all daylight hours, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, indoors and out, sunburn or no sunburn.
That’s because the UV radiation we’re exposed to is made up of UVA and UVB rays. Sunscreen used to only protect us from UVB rays which cause sunburn and skin cancers, but then scientists learned that UVA rays – though weaker – comprise up to 95% of the UV radiation that reaches the earths surface. They also realized that even though UVA doesn’t burn, it does cause skin cancer and photo-aging. So, both kinds of rays damage our skin, they just do it in different ways and at different times.
The problem with only protecting yourself when you go to the beach is that UV radiation is everywhere! Unlike UVB rays which are weaker at different times of day and seasonally, UVA rays are the same strength at all times of day and all year round. They go right through glass and clouds and penetrate skin deeper than UVB so they’re damaging your skin even on a cloudy day or when you’re in your car.
Have you seen this picture? It’s been floating around the internet since it was first published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2012. It’s of a 69 year old truck driver showing the drastic difference in the amount of wrinkling and sagging between the side of his face that was next to the window and the side that was a bit more protected.
If this picture doesn’t convince you to apply sun protection every day, I don’t know what will!
Sadly for the truck driver there wasn’t a product to protect from UVA rays back in his day. We are so fortunate that there are broad spectrum sunscreens that are invisible, lightweight and easy to use.
Here are a few of my favorites:
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Whether you start at the beginning of the year or you start today, some actions to keep your financial plans on track include:
- Set a money objective. Simplify your approach for financial goals by selecting a word or short phrase to give your direction. This theme might be “future needs” (for retirement planning), “spend mindfully” (for controlling spending), or “kid’s college.”
- Use automation. Using automatic transfers will allow you to save for a house down payment, an emergency fund, a vacation, or retirement.
- Challenge yourself. Cut unnecessary expenses to allow you to have money left over each month for financial goals.
- Change your environment. Modifying your financial habits can occur with visible reminders, such as photos, sticky notes, or note cards placed on your credit card, desk, bathroom mirror, refrigerator, car dashboard, or computer screen. Also consider keeping a financial diary or journal.
- Obtain needed support. Instead of going it alone, work with a friend, roommate, spouse, or group to achieve your money objective and stay accountable.
For additional information on becoming financially disciplined, click on the following links:
- Have students talk to others to obtain ideas for achieving financial goals.
- Have students create visuals that might be used to remind them about financial goals and actions.
- What are the main reasons people who not achieve financial goals?
- Describe methods that might be used to help you and others achieve financial goals.


Connectivity modelling informs metapopulation structure and conservation priorities for a reef‐building species
MetadataShow full item record
Aim: In coastal marine systems, biogenic reef-building species have great importance for conservation as they provide habitat for a wide range of species, promoting biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and services. Biogenic reef persistence and recovery from perturbations depend on recolonization by new recruits. Characterizing larval dispersal among distant reefs is key to understanding how connectivity shapes metapopulation structure and determines network coherence; all of which are of critical importance for effective conservation. Location: Northeast Atlantic coast and western English Channel, France. Methods: We used a biophysical transport model to simulate larval dispersal of the reef-building polychaete Sabellaria alveolata. We combined dispersal modelling and network analysis into a framework aiming to identify key reef areas and critical dispersal pathways, whose presence in the network is vital to its overall coherence. We evaluated changes in dispersal pathways constrained by different connectivity thresholds, i.e., minimum dispersal rate for the presence of a connection. We tested scenarios of sequential loss of reefs: randomly, by habitat quality (a score for reef status and occupancy in an area) or by betweenness centrality metric (BC; quantifying the proportion of shortest paths connecting all areas that are passing through any given area). Results: We found that the network of S. alveolata reefs forms two main regional clusters, the Atlantic coast and the English Channel, which are connected only through weak sporadic dispersal events. Within each cluster, the network is characterized by relatively high connectivity among neighbouring areas with reefs, maintained even under higher connectivity thresholds. Simulating scenarios of sequential loss of reefs further identified high centrality reefs, those with highest BC values, key to network coherence. Main conclusions: Effective conservation of this important reef habitat requires a network of protected areas designed to sustain a combination of locally important source reefs, and those that act as stepping stones connecting distant reefs.
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According to the Centers for Disease Control 40% of American adults and 20% of adolescents (ages 6-19) are obese. These are the highest rates ever recorded in the United States! It is not difficult to understand why: the low price of unhealthy, highly-processed foods and lack of exercise. Obesity increases a person’s risk for disease and other health complications such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke and osteoarthritis. So too are obese children at a risk of becoming unhealthy adults.
In MORE HEALTH’s “Fueled for Success” lesson, third graders learn how healthy choices help an individual to grow and glow. They explore how nutrients enter the body, provide energy, and contribute to overall health. Consider adding these nutritious food suggestions from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to your daily meal routine:
♥Vegetables, including dark green, red and orange, beans, peas and others
♥Fruits, especially whole fruits
♥Fat-free or low-fat dairy including milk, yogurt, cheese and fortified soy beverages
♥Protein foods including seafood, lean meats, poultry, nuts, soy products, beans and peas
♥Oils including canola, corn, olive, peanut, sunflower and soy
Do not forget about the role physical activity plays in conjunction with proper nutrition in overall health. The American Heart Association recommends that kids receive at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity every day. Think about increasing the activity level of the entire family by choosing to exercise together!
Health in the News


History of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.
First Row: Winona Cargile Alexander, Madree Penn White, Wertie Blackwell Weaver, Vashti Turley Murphy, Ethel Cuff Black, Frederica Chase Dodd;
Second Row: Osceola Macarthy Adama, Pauline Oberdorfer Minor, Edna Brown Coleman, Edith Mott Young, Marguerite Young Alexander, Naomi Sewell Richardson, Eliza P. Shippen;
Third Row: Zephyr Chisom Carter, Myra Davis Hemmings, Mamie Reddy Rose, Bertha Pitts Campbell, Florence Letcher Toms, Olive C. Jones, Jessie McGuire Dent, Jimmie Bugg Middleton, Ethel Carr Watson.
The original artwork is a life sized painting on canvas created by artist Tarleton Blackwell. The original artwork hangs in the National Headquarters Office in Washington, D.C.
Information provided per www.deltasigmatheta.org
Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to provide assistance and support through established programs in local communities throughout the world.
Founded on January 13, 1913 by twenty-two collegiate women at Howard University, the Sorority is currently a sisterhood of more than 200,000 predominately Black college educated women. This includes over 900 chapters located in the United States, England, Japan (Tokyo and Okinawa), Germany, the Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Bahamas and the Republic of Korea.
The major programs of the sorority are based upon the organization's Five Point Programmatic Thrust:
International Awareness and Involvement
Physical and Mental Health
Political Awareness and Involvement


What are the parts of northern Luzon?
Continue reading to find out more about…
- The Cordillera.
- The Lingayen Gulf.
- Northeast Luzon.
- The Zambales Coast.
Is Philippines in the northern?
In the north is the Luzon Division, while the Mindanao Division is to the south. In between the northern and southern regions is the Visayas Division.
Total Area, Population, and Density of the Philippines.
|Official Name||Republic of the Philippines|
What is the northernmost and southernmost part of the Philippines?
The Philippines’ 7,107 islands stretch 1,839 kilometers from the northernmost tip of Batanes to the southernmost island of Tawi-Tawi. Bordered by the South China Sea to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. the archipelago has its biggest island, Luzon, followed by Mindanao in the south.
What region is Northern Luzon?
Region III lies between Manila and Northern Luzon. It is composed of seven provinces, twelve cities and 118 municipalities. Its 7 provinces are Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales.
What country is found in the north of the Philippines?
About the Philippines
The Map/Satellite view is showing the islands of the Philippines in Southeast Asia in the South China Sea, with Malaysia in south-west, Indonesia in south, and Vietnam in west, Taiwan, and mainland China to the north.
What would be the location of the Philippines with respect to the oceans at its northern part?
Its southwestern border comprises the Philippine islands of Luzon, Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. Its northern border comprises the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyūshū.
|Part of||Pacific Ocean|
|Basin countries||show List|
|Surface area||5,695,000 km2 (2,199,000 sq mi)|


ODE TO…: EXAMINING BEETHOVEN’S GREAT TESTAMENT OF STRUGGLE
An advent discussion lead by Christian Hendricks
Sunday December 13, 2020 7:00 pm to 8:00 pm
One of the most popular works of Western concert music, Beethoven’s ninth and last completed symphony has meant many things to different people. This work is fitting to examine, as we hear and explore music’s impact during difficult times in this season of Advent. Using the documentary Following the Ninth: In the Footsteps of Beethoven’s Final Symphony as focus, we will discuss the impact this work has had worldwide. About the film:
Filmed on four continents, this documentary film looks at the global impact of Beethoven’s hymn to humanity, his battle cry of freedom, his Ninth Symphony. The Ninth was at Tiananmen Square in the spring of 1989 during the student revolt. The same year, when the Berlin Wall came down, the Ninth was there to amplify the celebrations. Under the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile, women marched on torture prisons with the Ode to Joy as inspiration. And in Japan, the Ninth was there to repair and heal after the devastating Tsunami of 2011. Following the Ninth is both inspiration and hard-hitting, and a testament of hope.
Please join us on Sunday, December 13 at 7pm. Whether you watch the documentary and want to join intently in discussion, or want to sit back and revisit familiar music, all are welcome. Contact the office at email@example.com for Zoom information.
This documentary is part of a film festival called The Power of Music in the Midst of Difficult Times that was created for Advent and Christmas 2020. This is a link to the reflection guide of the film festival.
Here is the link to the documentary Following the Ninth: In the Footsteps of Beethoven’s Final Symphony.


If you’re one of the millions of Americans who play the lottery at least once a year, you know the excitement of winning a big jackpot. You may also know that playing the lottery is one of the most popular gambling activities worldwide. In fact, the US lottery has almost 1,000 drawings a week.
There are a number of reasons for the popularity of lotteries. Among the most important is the low cost of playing. A ticket is inexpensive and it gives you a chance to win prizes.
Some critics argue that the lottery has a regressive effect on lower income groups. Others believe that the benefits of the lottery are offset by the expansion of gambling.
The most recent state to authorize a lottery was Mississippi in 2018. However, the first state-operated lottery in modern times began in New Hampshire in 1964. Since then, a total of forty-five states have operated lotteries.
One of the advantages of playing the lottery is that there is no risk of losing your money. This makes it ideal for casual players. Also, the odds are relatively low for a player to become addicted to gambling.
Lotteries have been an important part of American history. During the colonial era, lotteries were used to finance public works projects. For example, the lottery was used to build a road across the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Today, most of the revenues of the state lottery are used to fund specific programs. These programs often include education. While the lottery is a significant revenue source, it also helps to reduce the appropriations from the general fund.


What is the importance of English communication skills?
Knowing English increases your chances of getting a good job in a multinational company within your home country or for finding work abroad. It’s also the language of international communication, the media and the internet, so learning English is important for socialising and entertainment as well as work!
What is the importance of oral and written communication?
Good verbal and written communication skills are essential in order to deliver and understand information quickly and accurately. Being able to communicate effectively is a vital life skill and should not be overlooked.
How can you improve your communication skills?
How to Improve Your Communication Skills
- Practice active listening. Effective communicators are always good listeners.
- Focus on nonverbal communication.
- Manage your own emotions.
- Ask for feedback.
- Practice public speaking.
- Develop a filter.
What is the importance of oral communication in our daily life?
Good communication enables students to assimilate more from the learning process by empowering them to ask relevant questions and discuss doubts. Effective verbal communication nurtures the process of socialization by facilitating new friendships and these in turn aid the learning process.
What is the basic goal of communication?
The goal of communication is to convey information—and the understanding of that information—from one person or group to another person or group. This communication process is divided into three basic components: A sender transmits a message through a channel to the receiver.
How will good English communication skills help you in your academic and career?
Well developed communication skills are vital to a child’s academic success. At all levels of education, students must be able to communicate effectively. If a student stutters or mumbles they may become fearful of speaking up in class, and this in turn can lead to lowered grades and diminished self-esteem.
Why are communication skills important to your career?
To do your job effectively, you have to discuss problems, request information, interact with others, and have good human relations skills – these are all part of having good communication skills. They help in being understood well and in helping understand the needs of those around you.


Quartz gravel/quartz is a familiar mineral and you can find them in many types of rocks. Pure quartz is transparent and consists of silicon dioxide with the chemical formula SiO2. Quartz has many important uses in science and industry. You can find quartz in many forms, and there are three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Besides aluminum silicate, quartz is one of the most abundant materials in the rock composition of the earth’s continental crust. Quartz/quartz gravel is also one of the hardest minerals, the few minerals with significant hardness are beryl, spinel, topaz, sapphire and diamond. Erosion does not affect quartz as quickly as it does in most rock materials.
Frenchman Pierre Curie and his brother (Jacques) discovered quartz while examining a sample of sand in 1880 when they observed a strange phenomenon. When you subject quartz (silicon dioxide) to mechanical stress, you generate an electrical current. Conversely, when you subject quartz crystal to an electric field, it oscillates and vibrates at a specific frequency. This vibration and oscillation has a high regularity and accuracy. Known as “piezoelectric,” this phenomenon allowed researchers to create many sensitive devices. Among the most important are watches designed to measure time with high accuracy, since the quartz share in the watch industry has reached more than 85% of the global watch market.


- English Language Learning
- Cambridge English Exams & IELTS
- Kid's Box Updated 2nd Edition
Kid's Box Level 5
Activity Book with Online Resources British English
0 Paperback, 0 Static online product
An update of the well-loved course for young learners - now fully in line with the revised Cambridge English: Young Learners tests.
The fun course for seriously good results! This seven-level course delights children and inspires teachers with its bright ideas. Perfect for general use Kid's Box Second edition is now updated with new vocabulary and activities so that it fully covers the syllabus of the revised Cambridge English: Young Learners tests. The Activity Book covers all the target language from the Pupil's Book. One YLE practice activity per unit familiarises children with the Flyers test format. An access code to an online platform unlocks games, supplementary grammar, vocabulary and reading activities, which can be tracked by the teacher.
From the World of Better LearningVisit blog
Also in this subject
Super Safari Level 1
Super Safari British English edition is a three-level pre-primary course that welcomes very young children to English through stories, songs and plenty of playtime while supporting their cognitive, motor-sensory and social development.Authors: Herbert Puchta, Günter Gerngross, Peter Lewis-JonesEnglish Type: British English
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On 16th of March, during the EU Environment Council meeting, seven ministers disputed Health Commissioner Stella Kyriakides’ upcoming proposal to exclude a new generation of untested genetically modified organisms (new GMOs, or now so-called ‘new genomic techniques’ or NGT) from the current GMO legislation.
The debate on the proposal was initiated by the Austrian environment minister, Leonore Gewessler, who raised strong concerns about the approach taken by the European Commission and the potential harmful impacts of a deregulation on nature.
Mute Schimpf, food campaigner at Friends of the Earth Europe, said:
“Environment ministers have more than enough reasons to reject the Commission’s plans for new GMOs and to put its risky gamble in the spotlight. The deregulation of new GMOs could have far-reaching impacts on nature, so why throw away 20 years of essential safety regulations?
We ask the Commission to listen to the ministers’ concerns and to the 400.000+ EU citizens who have asked to keep their right to choose what they eat and grow.”
Aside from Austria, six other ministers (Cyprus, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Slovakia, Slovenia) questioned the Commission’s approach and proposal, especially voicing criticism on:
- The proposal’s eroding of safety checks for new GMOs (Austria, Cyprus, Hungary, Luxembourg, Slovakia);
- The lack of evidence and scientifically-sound methodologies in the Commission’s preparatory work (Austria, Cyprus, Hungary, Slovenia).
Ministers also called for:
- The upcoming discussions at EU Council level to involve environment, health and agriculture ministries, to ensure that all aspects linked to GMOs are reflected in the legislation (Austria, Cyprus, Hungary, Slovenia);
- More research on how biodiversity could be harmed by the use of new GMOs (Austria, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Slovenia);
- Strict labelling requirements to be upheld for new GMOs to ensure transparency for consumers (Germany, Luxembourg).


Rochester City School District
Students enrolled in the RCSD Virtual Academy’s Digital Solutions course at Integrated Arts and Technology, Wilson Commencement, and World of Inquiry high schools took part in the First Annual App Challenge. Students created a mobile App using the online app creation tool Thunkable. The task promoted inquiry-based learning and project-development skills that students will need as they move into college and careers.
The inquiry-based learning skills that students honed during this activity included analyzing exemplary mobile apps that were submitted to the 2016 Congressional App Challenge from students across the country, accessing the Thunkable resource and tutorials provided, independent learning with minimal teacher support, and trial and error activities as they created their App. The project-development skills students utilized included mobile App idea development, accessing research and resources from the internet, audience identification, drafting, rubric development, graphic design challenges, time management, testing, and revision planning.
Students were required to have a functioning mobile App with at least three screens, programmed blocks that transitioned from one screen to the other, and at least three screens with content related to their App topic. Students finally engaged in analyzing their skill set with respect to independent or small group work in project development with limited support from a teacher.


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FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
At the surface of a flying apparatus, travelling in the atmosphere at greater than sonic speed, is formed an air layer of higher temperatures. It is ordinarily called thermal boundary layer. The greater the flight speed the higher is the tem perature of the boundary layer. An explanation is presented for the fact that the skin of the flying apparatus has a much lower temperature than the boundary layer of the air. The fact is that the heating process is not instantaneous. The rate of heat transfer from the air to the surface of the flying apparatus depends upon a series of factors. The decisive one of these is the density of the air itself. Author
Trans. from Sovetskaya Aviatsiya, Moscow, 2p., 1959.


The role of phospho-protein in bone formation was investigated in this study. A phosvitin layer was formed on a collagen sheet by soaking the sheet in a fluid containing phosvitin of 0.04wt% and various concentrations of dimethylsuberimidate. The dimethylsuberimidate concentration was changed from 0.04 to 0.3wt% to find the appropriate concentration for phosvitin-collagen layer formation. The composite layer was soaked in physiological solutions and the nucleation process of calcium phosphates was observed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that small hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals were formed throughout the layer with their a-axes arranged perpendicular to it. On the other hand, HAP with its c-axis perpendicular to the layer was formed when phosvitin was not present. This makes it clear that the roles of phosvitin are to enhance nucleation of HAP, and to control the orientation of HAP crystals on collagen in the same way as that observed in human bone.
|ジャーナル||Key Engineering Materials|
|出版ステータス||Published - 2004 1月 1|
|イベント||The Annual Meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine - Porto, Portugal|
継続期間: 2003 11月 6 → 2003 11月 9
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Description of Odontochlamys gouraudi
fourni par BioPedia
CIliate, about 30-50 x 25-35 microns, shape ellipsoid, to the rear more broad, front and back rounded. 2-3:1 flattened. Macronucleus always ellipsoid, lies usually closely underneath the entrance to the staggered array , with many small, peripheral bodies and a larger central mass. Micronucleus 3-4 microns in the diameter, strongly refractive, yellowish, lies in the proximity of the macronucleus. 2 contractile vacuoles, lect one lies between the kineties 1 and 2 and is somewhat smaller than the right most (70%) of which are between the kneties 4 and 5, more rarely between kineties 3 and 4 (30%). Movement slow sliding. Somatic and oral infraciliature very similar as with Chilodonella. The kineties of the right ciliary field and the circumoral kineties bend around the pre-oral region so that their anterior ends lie adjacent to the horizontal preoral kinety. Kinety 3 of the left field is broken at the level of the mouth entra. Dorsal brush lies along the left anterior end of body, cilia rigid, the somatic cilia are about 8 microns long.


Start Date: July 1, 2016
Our new temporary exhibit, The Somme: The Mechanization of War, tells the story of the Canadian soldier during a battle in WW1. The Battle of the Somme was a pivotal moment in history. The battle lasted five months (June 1st to Nov 18th, 1916) and resulted in over one million casualties with limited gains on all sides.
At the Somme, Field Marshal Haig and the British Command planned for a much-desired breakthrough by the Allied countries against German frontlines and supporting the French Army fighting for its existence to the south at Verdun. Reliance for success was placed on a sophisticated transport system for supplies and equipment, massive and powerful artillery support, agile Royal Flying Corps and finally, the well-equipped and determined British (and colonial) soldier who was the inheritor of over two hundred years of Empire. The British had also developed a secret weapon that they hoped would change the course of the war.
This exhibit opened July 1st and will run until late November 2016.
Special thanks to the following exhibit contributors:
- The Daly House Museum
- The Manitoba Automobile Museum
- The Naval Museum of Canada
- The Prairie Mountain Regional Museum
- The Transcona Museum


In recent years, gun violence has become a widespread problem in many parts of the world. As parents, it can be difficult to know how to talk to our children about this issue without causing fear and anxiety. However, it is important to address this topic with our children in a way that is age-appropriate and sensitive. Here are some tips for talking to kids about gun violence:
- Start by assessing your child’s understanding. Before launching into a conversation about gun violence, it’s important to know what your child already understands about the topic. Ask open-ended questions and listen to their responses. This will help you gauge their level of knowledge and tailor the conversation to their needs.
- Use age-appropriate language. When talking to younger children, it’s important to use language that they can understand. Avoid using technical terms and stick to simple, clear language. Older children may be able to handle more complex concepts, but it’s still important to be sensitive to their emotional needs.
- Focus on safety. When talking about gun violence with children, it’s important to emphasize the importance of safety. Talk about what your child can do to stay safe in different situations, such as in school or public places. Discuss strategies for avoiding danger and what to do if they ever encounter a gun.
- Address their fears. If your child expresses fear or anxiety about gun violence, it’s important to acknowledge their feelings and provide reassurance. Let them know you are there to protect them and that many people are working to make our communities safer.
- Keep the conversation ongoing. Talking to your child about gun violence should not be a one-time event. It’s important to keep the conversation ongoing and to check in with them regularly. Encourage them to come to you with any questions or concerns they may have.
In conclusion, talking to kids about gun violence can be a challenging topic for parents, but it’s important to address it in a way that is sensitive and age-appropriate. By assessing your child’s understanding, using age-appropriate language, focusing on safety, addressing their fears, and keeping the conversation ongoing, you can help your child feel empowered and informed about this important issue.


With the commands we’ve covered in the previous sections, you can now typeset mathematical equations, multi-lingual documents, and plots. The other examples shown in the introduction, such as music and chemical equations can all be typeset using the same principles. If you want to learn more, there are many freely available resources to help users learn Latex from basic tutorials to troubleshooting complex issues.
Below are some resources that are helpful for new Latex users. If you are having difficulty with a specific problem, I suggest Googling for it, as you can often find a detailed answer to your specific question.
- Rice University has a helpful guide for mathematical symbols and functions.
- The CTAN LaTeX Comprehensive Symbol List specifies the 14,000+ symbols available in Latex.
- Dr. David Woods of Trinity College London has written a helpful summary sheet for document formatting commands.
- Detexify is a website that lets you draw a symbol and suggests Latex commands, which is helpful when you don’t know the name of a symbol.
- Some helpful packages include:
- Font Awesome: Web Icons/Symbols
- Babel: Typesetting for Non-English Languages
- TIPA: IPA for Linguistic Transcription
- PGFPlots: Plotting and Charts
- MusiXTeX: Music Typesetting
- mhChem: Chemical Equations
- There are a variety of Latex communities on the web that are happy to answer questions. Usually you can find the answer to a question just by Googling. Usually you’ll find the answer on LaTeX Stack Exchange or Latex.org.


UVA researchers: Nasal sprays important in fighting COVID-19 variants
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. (WVIR) - Researchers at the University of Virginia are looking for new ways to stay ahead of COVID-19 variants.
Jie Sun, who helped lead the collaborative research, is a UVA professor of medicine. While he and his team say vaccination shots are important to prevent hospitalization and death, a nasal mist could potentially limit the viral spread.
Research conducted on mice suggest the vaccine in shot form builds an immune response in the blood stream. While in mist form, the immune response builds in the respiratory tract, at the site of infection.
Sun says one issue with the nasal vaccine is safety assurance.
“We need to do a step-up trial from a mouse to human study. In China, there’s already been a study using nasal adenovirus spray,” the professor said.
He says the study proved positive immune responses, but mucosal immunity was not studied, a concern some researchers have over mist vaccines.
“I would say we are not there yet, but I’m hopeful someday we can develop such a vaccine,” Sun said.
This research was led by UVA Health, the Mayo Clinic, Chung-Ang University (Korea), Indiana University, the University of Pennsylvania, Ohio State University, and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Copyright 2022 WVIR. All rights reserved.
Do you have a story idea? Send us your news tip here.


Article courtsey of National Institute of Mental Health
Depression is a real illness
I’m a firefighter and ex-Marine. I should be able to deal with anything. But I was sleeping poorly and always in a bad mood. My work was suffering because I couldn’t concentrate. I felt like I was just going through the motions and wondering what the point of it all was. I never considered that I might have an underlying condition. I figured this is just how life is.
When a person has depression, it interferes with daily life and normal functioning. It can cause pain for both the person with depression and those who care about him or her. Doctors call this condition “depressive disorder,” or “clinical depression.” It is a real illness. It is not a sign of a person’s weakness or a character flaw. You can’t “snap out of” clinical depression. Most people who experience depression need treatment to get better.
Signs and Symptoms
Sadness is only a small part of depression. Some people with depression may not feel sadness at all. Depression has many other symptoms, including physical ones. If you have been experiencing any of the following signs and symptoms for at least 2 weeks, you may be suffering from depression:


What is Essential to Being Human? Can AI Robots Not Share It?
This book asks whether there exists an essence exclusive to human beings despite their continuous enhancement – a nature that can serve to distinguish humans from artificially intelligent robots, now and in the foreseeable future. Considering what might qualify as such an essence, this volume demonstrates that the abstract question of ‘essentialism’ underpins a range of social issues that are too often considered in isolation and usually justify ‘robophobia’, rather than ‘robophilia’, in terms of morality, social relations and legal rights. Any defence of human exceptionalism requires clarity about what property(ies) ground it and an explanation of why these cannot be envisaged as being acquired (eventually) by AI robots. As such, an examination of the conceptual clarity of human essentialism and the role it plays in our thinking about dignity, citizenship, civil rights and moral worth is undertaken in this volume. What is Essential to Being Human? will appeal to scholars of social theory and philosophy with interests in human nature, ethics and artificial intelligence.
Margaret S. Archer and Andrea M. Maccarini
2. On Robophilia and Robophobia
Douglas V. Porpora
3. Sapience and Sentience: A Reply to Porpora
Margaret S. Archer
4. Relational Essentialism
5. Artificial Intelligence: Sounds like a friend, looks like a friend, is it a friend?
6. Growing Up in a World of Platforms: What Changes and What Doesn’t?
7. On Macropolitics of Knowledge for Collective Learning in the Age of AI-Boosted
Big Relational Tech
Emmanuel Lazega and Jaime Montes-Lihn
8. Can AIs do Politics?
9. Inhuman Enhancements? When Human Enhancements Alienate from Self, Others, Society and Nature
10. The Social Meanings of Perfection: Human Self-Understanding in a Post-Human Society
Andrea M. Maccarini


Fluid coils are used to heat or cool air within a conditioned space.
The fluid passes through heat exchanging coil (finned tubes) which are blown by the air flow from the fan, as a result of which its temperature changes (decreases or increases depending on the temperatures difference air/fluid). The working fluid can be water, aqueous solutions of ethylene and propylene glycol, brine, a process product, or other viscous fluid. In fluid coils we use smooth copper tubes with different thickness and can use the fins with anticorrosive coating. For cooling coils use hydrophilic coating.
Fluid Coil type heat exchangers can be used in Fluid coils are used to heat or cool air within a conditioned Air Handling Units (AHU) to capture the warmth or chill in the air or water, to prevent it from being lost. It can also be used to transfer the heat or cold in other systems such as dry-coolers, fan-coils, oil coolers etc. For cassette ceiling fan-coils we can produce bent coils of different types: L-coils, U-coils, O-coils and special form.
The headers of fluid coils can have different connecting fitting and additional valves depend on request of the customers. To ensure the highest quality results, we manufacture headers and end plates in our own press shop.


Lineage (NCBI): root » Eukaryota » Opisthokonta » Metazoa » Eumetazoa » Bilateria » Coelomata » Deuterostomia » Hemichordata
Hemichordata Look for this name in NCBI Wikipedia Animal Diversity Web
http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-1 Benton et al. 2015
node minimum age |
Rhabdotubus johanssoni was recovered from shales within the Eccaparadoxides pinus Zone (=Ptychagnostus praecurrens Zone) (Bengtson and Urbanek, 1986) which occurs within Cambrian Series 3, Age 5 (i.e. pre-Drumian) of GTS2012 (Peng et al., 2012).
node maximum age |
A soft maximum constraint is based on the maximum age interpretation of the Lantian Biota (Yuan et al., 2011). This, together with the Doushantuo Biota (Yuan et al., 2002), provides a series of Lagerstätten preserving the biota in Orsten- and Burgess Shale-like modes of fossilization. None of these Lagerstätten, least of all the Lantian, preserves anything that could possibly be interpreted as even a total group eumetazoan and on this basis we define out soft maximum constraint at 635.5 Ma ± 0.6 Myr (Condon et al., 2005) and, thus, 636.1 Ma.
|primary fossil used to date this node|
SMNH Cn 67217
Rhabdotubus johanssoni exhibits clear evidence of cortical banding which demonstrates membership of total group, if not crown-Pterobranchia and, therefore, membership of crown-Hemichordata.
Bengtson, S., and Urbanek, A. 1986. Rhabdotubus, a Middle Cambrian rhabdopleurid hemichordate. Lethaia, 19:293-308.
|tree image (click image for full size)|


Treasured by horse-lovers everywhere, the tale of the ponies of Chincoteague and Assateague Islands becomes a rich learning experience for your student with the Misty of Chincoteague Literature Study Guide.
This 10-page ebook guide was written to accompany Misty of Chincoteague by Marguerite Henry.
Ideal for students in grades 3 – 5, the no-busywork, no-overkill questions help students build comprehension skills and recognize the elements of plot structure. (7Sisters primarily focuses on providing resources that are “Mostly High School, Mostly Fun!” because many families need extra support for homeschooling through high school. That doesn’t mean we have nothing to offer the younger students in your homeschool! Introducing the Misty of Chincoteague Literature Study Guide.)
The friendly, conversational-style instruction in this literature study guide introduced literature themes and concepts to middle schoolers. It allows students to work as independently as they are comfortable.
This study guide includes:
- Background information on this historical fiction story
- Vocabulary words from the book
- Summarization and plot skills development
- Separate answer key for parent’s use
- Suggested supplemental activities
Click here to view excerpts from Misty Literature Study Guide.
Misty of Chincoteague Literature Study Guide introduces homeschool middle schoolers to literature themes in this favorite, classic novel. Download it today!
10-Day No-Questions-Asked Money-Back Guarantee on all 7Sisters EBook curriculum.


Recently over dinner, several Americans and a Canadian got into a discussion with an Irishman and an Australian about weekends. Since all of the participants were linguists, the conversation centered on prepositions: Were we having dinner on a weekend in February or at a weekend in February? The North Americans voted for on, a choice that the Irishman found preposterous. “A weekend,” he observed, “is not a surface.”
He was forced, however, to admit that the appropriate usage is on Saturday, not at Saturday, and on Sunday, not at Sunday. “So,” countered one of the Americans, “Saturday is a surface, and Sunday is a surface, but their combination is not a surface?”
An attempt ensued to achieve descriptive consistency. It was agreed that times within the day generally take at (at 9:30, at noon, at dawn, at dinner, at night), except for those that take in with the definite article (in the morning, in the evening); days generally take on (on Monday, on her birthday, on Valentine’s Day); months and seasons and years and centuries generally take in (in December, in winter, in 1893, in the 15th century). And never mind the (generally relative) time references that don’t take any preposition at all, like tomorrow, next week, or three days ago.
This all hints at a coherent metaphor:
- Hours and other short periods of time are generally places;
- Days are surfaces;
- Months and longer time periods of time are containers.
But it seems that only North Americans apply this logic to weekends. Those of us, anyway, who are unfortunate enough to know what a weekend is:
A version of this post appeared on Language Log.


On January 16th, NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) prepared for its most ambitious test yet. The core stage of the SLS would ignite its four RS-25 engines for over 8 minutes, the same length of time they would need to send Orion, and humans, to the Moon as part of the Artemis program. Unfortunately for NASA and its prime contractor Boeing, the test did not go to plan.
67.7 seconds into the 510 second test, a "major component failure" (MCF) was detected by the sensors of the core stage. Along with the failure, a flash was visible from the engine section. The engines continued to fire for another 15 seconds before the test ended.
Green Run Testing Hits Red Lights
This is not the first setback for the Green Run test program. The Wet Dress Rehearsal (WDR) test last December ended early as well. The test was meant to practice filling the propellant tanks and the final countdown from T-10 minutes up until the last 30 seconds before ignition. Despite this failed test, NASA engineers determined they had enough data to push forward to the static fire test.
In March 2019, NASA considered skipping the Green Run Test entirely to speed up the SLS development process. The major component failure discovered during this test could have slipped through undetected until the Artemis-1 flight itself. An in-flight failure could have delayed a lunar landing indefinitely.
Artemis' Uncertain Future
The Artemis program now faces several challenges to its core purpose: speed. Vice President Mike Pence announced the program in March 2019 with an aggressive 2024 timeline to return humans to the surface of the Moon. That date required everything to go right leading up to a November 2021 launch of Artemis-1. The first test flight of SLS and Orion would validate the flight-worthiness of the system ahead of its first crewed launch, Artemis-2, in August 2023.
Even if SLS testing was going smoothly, Artemis is facing political and economic challenges. The Human Landing System (HLS) program only received a quarter of its requested budget for 2021. It is possible that of the three competitors, either their work will be delayed, or NASA will down-select to just a single provider. Also, the 2024 date fit in with a potential second Trump Administration term. With the new Biden Administration, the political pressure to hit a 2024 date has likely disappeared.


14 Apr Methods for Marking an Embroidery Pattern on fabric
Marking an Embroidery Pattern. Oftentimes, in the craft sector, the practitioners feel a sense of responsibility to pursue traditional processes to a Tee.
When technology integrates into traditional handcrafts. It saves time and increases efficiency. And it is the best chance to ensure the survival of an ancient practice in a modern world. Therefore, technology interventions combined with handcrafts can save time and increase efficiency. We need to think technology at each step of handcrafts. Surprisingly, technology can not only help expedite the process but can also make the work less monotonous and more exciting.
Marking the embroidery pattern on fabric is a good example to compare traditional vs. technological thinking for handcrafts. Traditionally, the pinning of the artwork on the butter paper happens time consumingly, by hand. However, pinning can be more efficient with the use of electronic machine.
- A beautiful artwork sketch is on the butter paper.
- A pin pierces tiny holes throughout the pattern on the butter paper. The butter paper goes on the fabric. A colored powder usually indigo powder applies over the paper to pass on the indigo print of the pattern from the butter paper to the fabric
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Nidhi Garg Allen is an alumnus of Parsons School of Design and Adjunct Professor at the Fashion Institute of Technology. She is a technologist turned artisan entrepreneur and the founder and CEO of Marasim. Marasim based in NYC is committed to preserving artisanal textiles that make use of regional techniques without uprooting craftspeople from their native communities


Lately there has been a lot of talk about mould in Canada—specifically black mould. But while these words tend to instill fear in Canadians, they shouldn’t. It’s true that some moulds can result in serious problems if left untreated. It’s also true that mould can easily thrive in any areas of your home or office where water damage exists—including inside walls or under carpets. However, becoming more educated about black mould can help you battle it. After all, the best way to remain safe is to stay informed.
The media associates black mould with big problems—but that’s not always the case. “Black moulds are from the species Stachybotrys chartarum and can usually be found growing on and consuming materials such as wood and cardboard, which are made from the cell walls of green plants,” says Leslie Anderson, Paul Davis Corporate Vice President. “These moulds aren’t themselves toxic but can produce more mycotoxins than most other types of mould.”
Because black mould is a type of mould known to produce more mycotoxins than other mould forms, it has gotten a bad reputation. Although it’s true that mycotoxins can produce symptoms in humans like dizziness, fatigue, hives, and even asthma, it’s the mycotoxins causing those symptoms—not black mould itself. According to science, there’s a lot more that goes into producing mycotoxins than simply a good source of food and a dark, damp space. So if you suspect black mould in your home or building, there’s no reason to panic.
That said, mould is unsightly—and it can cause allergy-like symptoms such as runny nose, itchy eyes, and respiratory troubles. So if you’ve found or suspect mould on your property, finding cleanup services such as those offered through Paul Davis is always a safe bet. Because when mould is found, This Is No Time For Second Best™. The most important thing to remember is that most moulds aren’t dangerous to humans. That doesn’t mean you should leave mould untreated—it only means that you shouldn’t panic if you suspect mould in your home or business.


Many would assume that the carpenter, or woodworker, is only there for the beginning of the home building process, but this is not true. In actuality, carpenters have significant importance not only in the building of homes, but also the upkeep. The carpenter builds the frame of the home, which is an early step in the process, and is as important as any other step.
Wood among other materials, is used throughout the process–from the foundation of the house to the finishing touches. Therefore, the carpenter is there for the entire homebuilding process, from inception to completion.
Damage internally can also be fixed with the expertise of a carpenter. Woodwork is important in other avenues as well, outside of construction of homes. Carpenters are important to restaurants, hotels, bars, office buildings, and construction jobs – not to mention the craft of furniture making. They make furniture that fill homes such as tables, desks, entertainment centers, nightstands, bed frames, dressers, doors, among many other things.
Carpenters can also be viewed as artists of their craft. They use wood as a painter would use a canvas and a paintbrush. The carpenter’s work cannot be overstated. They are important in many avenues, but vitally important in home building and upkeep.


What is the importance of stitches?
Stitches play a vital role not just in seam strength, flexibility and appearance, but also in the length of sewing cycles and cost of manufacturing.
What causes side stitches when running?
When running, there is increased abdominal pressure pushing up on the diaphragm. At the same time, rapid breathing can cause the lungs to press down on the diaphragm, a muscle that if “pinched” from above and below, gets less blood flow and spasms, resulting in painful side stitches.
Is a catch stitch strong?
A catch stitch, or cross-stitch, is one of the standard sewing techniques used for hemming. The use of this stitch creates a zig-zag series of X’s on the underside of a piece of fabric. Strong and flexible, these stitches are barely visible on the outside of a garment and offer a clean finish for raw edges.
What is permanent stitch?
They are used to join two pieces of material together permanently. These stitches are made permanent on the cloth and need not be removed later. Examples of permanent stitches are: Running Stitches.
Why is it important to know different stitches?
But, many home-sewn and custom-made garments continue to have some type of hand stitching used primarily as finishing techniques (hemming, securing fasteners, etc.). Thus, knowing and understanding the proper stitch to use is important to the item’s appearance as well as its function and longevity.
What is the importance of temporary stitches?
Such stitches are used to hold the garment or fabric pieces together before permanent stitches are made. These stitches are also known as tacking or basting stitches. Usually this stitch is horizontal and it is worked from the right to the left side with a knot.


The disease-causing organisms transferred by the insect may be viruses (termed “arboviruses”, an abbreviation of arthropod-borne viruses), bacteria (including rickettsias), protists, or filarial nematode worms. Replication of these parasites in both vectors and hosts is required and some complex life cycles have developed, notably amongst the protists and filarial nematodes. The presence of a parasite in the vector insect (which can be determined by dissection and microscopy and/or biochemical means) generally appears not to harm the host insect. When the parasite is at an appropriate developmental stage, and following multiplication or replication (amplification and/or concentration in the vector), transmission can occur. Transfer of parasites from vector to host or vice versa takes place when the blood-feeding insect takes a meal from a vertebrate host. The transfer from host to previously uninfected vector is through parasite-infected blood. Transmission to a host by an infected insect usually is by injection along with anticoagulant salivary gland products that keep the wound open during feeding. However, transmission may also be through deposition of infected feces close to the wound site.
In the following survey of major arthropod-borne disease, malaria will be dealt with in some detail. Malaria is the most devastating and debilitating disease in the world, and it illustrates a number of general points concerning medical entomology. This is followed by briefer sections reviewing the range of pathogenic diseases involving insects, arranged by phylogenetic sequence of parasite, from virus to filarial worm.


An Online Database of Children's Books and Videos for Understanding Evolution
Embedded below, our book library allows you to find all of the books in our catalog*. Use the Filter, Sort, and Search options in the top bar to search by language, author, year, concepts, and more!
We also encourage you to check out our video collection!
Soon we will offer the ability for you to submit your own entries! This is an on-going effort to catalog the international diversity of communicating evolution to primary and middle school students, so check back often to see what is being added!
*Important note: inclusion in the EvoKids Global Library database is not an endorsement or verification of the educational value of any given book. Critically, some of the included titles contain messaging that could be confusing or construed as scientifically inadequate explanations for young students. We are actively involved in coding, evaluating, and synthesizing expert opinions on the relative educational value of these books.
Special thanks to evolution education researcher Isabell Adler at IPN - Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, for her extensive contributions to the database records; to the many other EvoKids volunteers who have contributed the remaining entries, and to the Library staff at Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology for organizing the physical collection of the EvoKids library in Leipzig, Germany.


When a parent or caregiver hears the words “Your child has autistic spectrum disorder” from a psychologist or physician, it can often sound to that parent or caregiver like a life sentence. They believe that their child will always be autistic. That autism diagnosis, however, is dynamic not static.
What does it mean that your child’s diagnosis is dynamic? It means that it can change. A static diagnosis does not change. For example, a child’s Type 1 diabetes diagnosis is static. That diagnosis will not change. Dr. Greenspan says that an autism diagnosis is dynamic.
Dr. Greenspan, in his book Engaging Autism: Using the Floortime Approach to Help Children Relate, Communicate, and Think that he co-wrote with Dr. Wieder, emphasized that an ASD diagnosis is dynamic. They stress that emotional engagement with other people, that underdeveloped or missing capability in youth with autism, can be developed through Floortime treatment efforts.
Floortime treatment efforts for children and youth with autism help to develop their capacity for intimacy, grow their ability to expressively communicate, and enhance their meaningful speech. These three components to Floortime autism treatment efforts require children to emotionally engage with others.
Dr. Greenspan’s dynamic view of autism gives hope to parents of ASD children. Parents, do not give up on your withdrawn child. Do not give up hope for your recalcitrant child. Their autism diagnosis is dynamic not static.
Learn more about Floortime and how it can help children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder develop that all-important emotional engagement with their parents, caregivers, siblings, classmates and others. The Floortime Center, by implementing Floortime therapy, helps children and young people grow in their capacities for expressive communication, intimacy and meaningful speech.


Curiosity is at the origin of all human knowledge; it was this inquisitiveness which propelled the classical Muslim civilisation to its peak.
The Muslim Debate envisages itself as being a catalyst in the renaissance of Islamic intellect.
“He who has been given wisdom has been given a great good” Quran (2:269)
The Muslim Debate pursues reviving the Muslim intellectual culture of scientific research and methodology that encourages the power of ideas, spirit of questioning and satisfies the tenacity of acquiring knowledge for the progress of Muslims and the world at large.
- Explore the imminent challenges to Muslims through debating and impartial arbitration of discussions.
- Conduct critical evaluation of established concepts, constructs, theories, principles and laws in the light of Islamic revealed knowledge.
- Investigate the deliberations made during the arguments by scrutinising the evidence credentials, claims and counter claims, methodology in research, line of thought and scholarly practice.
- Propagating Islamic thinking to raise awareness on the richness of the Islamic heritage, its role and importance by presenting Islam not just a set of religious beliefs, but a set of ideas, ethics and ideals encompassing all aspects of human life.
- Evaluate the debates, discussions and hypothesis in the context of epistemology to arrive on constructive conclusions that can voice the public opinion to the expert cadres of policy making.
- Develop links and networks to facilitate and propagate exchange of research findings.


Air quality: unfinished business
The relationship between indoor air quality (IAQ) of homes and its impact on the health of its occupants is a subject of recurring concern for experts in the field, but the arrival of Covid-19 made it a priority for the housing sector.
The principal parameter to calculate IAQ are the concentration ratios of CO₂, which should not be more than 900 ppm (parts per million), as established by the regulations. Experts believe that the concentrations of carbon dioxide above 1000 ppm are detrimental for health, harmful over 2500 ppm and serious at 5000 ppm.
Recently, The General Council of Technical Architecture of Spain (CGATE) carried out a pioneer investigation to assess the accumulation of CO₂ inside Spanish homes. According to the "Study on indoor air quality in homes", the concentration of carbon dioxide in most homes exceeds the established limits.
The study was done in 31 homes, located in different regions of the country, during 9 days uninterrupted. The measurements confirmed that in 58% of the living rooms, the concentration of CO₂ was higher than 900 ppm, meaning, unhealthy for their inhabitants. Although this is not the worst place in the house. 71% of bedrooms exceeded the limit and if the door was closed the percentage increased to 100%.
The type of windows in the house influences indoor air quality. Paradoxically, houses with better quality windows are those with higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. Homes with hermetically sealed windows in 81% of the bedrooms and in 75% of the living rooms surpassed 900 ppm. Housing without this type of insulation in the windows exceeded the healthy threshold in 57% of bedrooms and 43% of living rooms.
The age of the buildings is also a relevant parameter when calculating the IAQ. In 2006, the Technical Building Code was published which emphasized the importance of good thermal insulation. However, insulation provokes an increase in the concentration of CO₂ in the interior of houses.
From these cases, we understand that the new buildings have windows and closings in accordance with regulations and that the buildings constructed prior require rehabilitation to comply with the same.
Given that airtight insulation leads to a higher percentage of ppm, a second phase of the study is expected to be focused on improving home ventilation systems.


Toronto, Ontario — Friday was World Youth Skills Day and this year the federal government is putting a priority on addressing the labour gap soon to be left by Canada’s rapidly retiring workforce.
Many believe that the best way to affect change is through the youth—that is why the United Nations declared July 15 to be World Youth Skills Day back in 2014.
In observance of the day, Minister of Official Languages and minister responsible for the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA), Ginette Petitpas Taylor issued a statement on Friday, acknowledging the unique challenges that today’s young workers face.
“COVID-19 disproportionately affected youth employment. In fact, positions held by young workers represented 28 percent of total jobs lost in Atlantic Canada during the pandemic,” said Petitpas Taylor.
“That is why the Government of Canada is focused on ensuring young people have the training, support, and skills they need to thrive and succeed in the workforce as they transition into their professional lives.”
In a separate statement regarding World Youth Skills Day, Minister for Women and Gender Equality and Youth, Marci Ien, and Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Disability Inclusion, Carla Qualtrough, claimed that the federal government has opened up 140,000 summer jobs for Canadian youth.
The province of Nova Scotia recently made amendments to the general regulations of the Apprenticeship and Trades Qualifications Act to allow a single journeyperson to train two apprentices at a time, as opposed to one-on-one, in a move that the government feels will bring more young tradespeople into the workforce.
The government currently projects that 10,735 auto service technician jobs will open up over the period between 2021 and 2025.


Leonard Norris, one of the first generation of people enslaved at Arlington House, poses for a photograph as an elderly, free man. George Washington Parke Custis—grandson of Martha Washington and stepgrandson as well as adopted son of U.S. president George Washington—brought the first enslaved people to the Arlington property he owned in 1802, after the death of his widowed grandmother. G. W. P. Custis inherited his grandmother's enslaved people, most of whom had been born at Mount Vernon and were part of the Custis estate from Martha Washington’s first marriage. In addition to those he inherited, Custis purchased other people enslaved by his mother. In total, Custis took possession of nearly 200 enslaved people and as many as 63 remained at Arlington House. (The others worked on two other plantations Custis owned—White House and Romancoke on the Pamunkey River near Richmond.) The enslaved at Custis's Arlington plantation built the Greek Revival mansion known as Arlington House, using local clay and shells from the Potomac for making bricks and stucco, and harvesting local timber for the interior floors and wooden supports. The enslaved laborers also constructed other outbuildings, maintained the household, and worked as field hands, raising and harvesting wheat and corn.
After the death of G.W P. Custis in 1857, the estate and the enslaved were inherited by his daughter Mary Custis Lee, the wife of Robert E. Lee, future general in the Confederate Army who led the rebellion against the United States. Wesley Norris, perhaps a relative of Leonard Norris, recalled how Lee ordered that he be whipped, along with two other enslaved people, after they unsuccessfully attempted to self-emancipate from the Arlington House estate.
Leonard Norris and his wife, Sally, also part of the first generation of the enslaved at Arlington, had a daughter, Salina Gray, who became the head housekeeper and personal servant to Mary Custis before her marriage to Robert E. Lee.


Magnetic Stimulation May Relieve Concussion-Related Headaches
Headaches are one of the most common symptoms of concussions, along with dizziness and nausea, but these headaches are surprisingly drug-resistant. However new research suggests magnetic stimulation may be able to relieve these debilitating headaches in most mild TBI cases.
The findings were presented April 11, at the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians meeting in Orlando, FL, by Robert McLay, MD, PhD and colleagues at the University of California San Diego and the Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System in La Jolla, CA.
The researchers tested the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which involves using a basic electromagnetic coupling principle in which a rapid discharge of electric current is converted into dynamic magnetic flux allowing the induction of a localized current in the brain.
The treatment has already been approved to treat other headaches such as chronic migraines.
The small study evaluated 6 men with chronic headaches associated with mTBI. Participants had to have headaches lasting more than 48 hours to be included in the study. Before the study, the researchers surveyed the individuals’ level of pain.
At the time, the average intensity of headaches was 5.50, but after rTMS treatment the average had fallen to 2.67.
Overall, headache intensity was reduced by an average of 53.05% and the average headache exacerbation frequency was reduced by 78.97%. Additionally 2 patients reported no more severe headaches following the treatment.
The authors admit the study is small and randomized trials with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm their findings, but they say the results show promise.
“MTBI headaches are often treatment-resistant, but in this case series patients were found to have improvements in severity, frequency and duration of their headaches after rTMS,” they said.


Lessons From China’s Population Policy:
China’s announcement that it will now permit couples to have three children is a major step for a country which, until 2016, implemented a coercive, often brutal, one-child norm. The announcement seems driven less by giving people freedom of choice, and more by the challenges posed by a shrinking labour force and a fraying demographic structure. The increase in the ageing population has become an economic and social burden. These factors have a geopolitical impact too, for it will hamper China’s ambitions of becoming an economic and military superpower which can challenge the United States (US).
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Fertility rates in China have dipped to 1.3 children per woman in 2020 — India’s fertility rate is 2.3. This puts China on a par with ageing societies such as Japan and some European nations, but without their accumulated household wealth. But after first pushing couples to have only one child, China will now have to, at considerable economic cost, ramp up incentives to couples to have more children. Couples are reluctant for costs of living have increased. Many young women are unwilling to sacrifice career goals. And many couples, themselves single children, have the additional burden of being caregivers for their parents.
Also Read: Pakistan’s Balancing Act will Shape Regional Geopolitics
The median age in China today is 38.8 which will rise to 55-56 by 2050; for India, it is 29 now and will go up to 38; and for the US, it is 38 now and will be 44-45 by 2050. Engineering a baby boom after a history of Malthusian family planning will be no easy task. There is a lesson for India. At a time when there are calls to impose restrictions of family size as a way of addressing the population “problem”, China’s experience shows that it doesn’t work in the long-run.


For the third year in a row, the number of traffic-related deaths across the country exceeded 40,000.
This grim statistic comes even though safety technology in vehicles has really never been better. Some cars can now brake automatically even if the driver of the car is not paying attention and thus misses an emergency developing on the road. Likewise, some vehicles actually have systems that can warn a driver that he or she is about to crash.
According to experts, though, the key is that only some vehicles have this advanced safety technology. Most do not. As such, it is just too soon in the game for these new technologies to have a real impact on reducing the number of fatalities, even though there is evidence that the technology does in fact serve its purpose.
On the other hand, distracted driving, drunk driving and speeding all remain problems on the road, even though there was some encouraging signs that these issues are slowly getting better.
Furthermore, it seemed that deadly incidents of drugged driving or driving with a dangerous combination of drugs and alcohol in one’s system were on the rise.
Not all of the news from this report, which was prepared by the National Safety Council, was bad. Indeed, between 2017 and 2018, the number of deaths on the country’s roads dropped slightly, by about 230, or 1 percent. Still, the 2018 number was 14 percent higher than where it was in 2014.
The bottom line in all of this is that, sadly, some families in Charlotte, North Carolina, are going to lose a loved one or relative in a fatal car accident. While no amount of money can bring a loved one back, it is nice for families to know that they have legal options under such circumstances.


Art and Living in Space
Author: Anna Karahan
Photographer | Event & Projects Coordinator | Connecting Art, Science and Business
Science and art have constantly inspired and influenced each other for centuries. Both are based on curiosity, open-mindedness and flexibility – they let humans discover, create, and overcome challenges, encouraging us to look at our world from outside the box, from different angles and perspectives.
What influence does art and design have on today's science, engineering and space exploration?
What is the power of our imagination and creativity?
What meaning does art, design, music and AI have on space stations?
During an interdisciplinary conversation moderated by astronomer Dr. Milena Ratajczak, experts from various fields tried to answer these questions, and more! Taking part in the debate were: Prof. Thais Russomano (InnovaSpace), Dr. Dolly Daou (Food Design Lab, Cumulus org.), Dr. Niamh Shaw (Dream Big - Space Communications), Javier Rodríguez González (CDTI / PERASPERA), Andrea Merlo (Thales Alenia Space), Ben Haldeman (LifeShip), and Mateusz Józefowicz (European Space Foundation).
This conversation took place as part of an Inspiration Zone topic during the European Rover Challenge (ERC2022), which occurred between 9-11 September 2022 in Poland. The focus of the ERC is to promote an international robotics competition. University teams from around the world design, construct and program their own robots, based on artificial intelligence algorithms. The European Rover Challenge is also about the popularization of science and enabling an international networking space. That's why the Inspiration Zone is a crucial element of the ERC. Visitors can expect to see various exhibitors presenting their projects and scientific experiments, as well as meetings with special guests, industry specialists, discussion panels and workshops related to technology, robotics and space.
This blog is promoted and supported by the Space Art Design & Architecture Working Group
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Very high efficiency LEDs can harness the fundamental thermodynamics of light to generate new possibilities for optical cooling in the form of thermophotonic (TPX) heat pumps. Such optical refrigerators and heat pumps could outradiate thermal energy along with light, either to open space or towards a photovoltaic cell further recycling the optical energy to increase the efficiency of the refrigeration. In contrast to existing heat pumps and refrigerators these optical refrigerators could allow compact, noiseless and robust cooling solutions with capabilities outperforming the presently prevailing solutions based on mechanical vapor-compression systems or thermoelectric devics. While promising, the concept requires new solutions to optimize the performance of light emitting devices to reach the regime where cooling becomes possible. This requires (1) quantum efficiency of the light emitter to be near unity, (2) operating the LEDs at voltages that are smaller than the voltage corresponding to the average photon energy of the emitted photons (i.e. typically voltages < Eg/q) and (3) new thermal insulation or light extraction solutions.
Figure 1: Schematic illustrations of the fundamental thermodynamics of thermophotonic systems. Under ideal conditions the TPX system can operate at very high system efficiencies over a broad range of temperatures and material bandgaps.
Recent studies have produced several results indicating that it is possible to fabricate LEDs with a quantum efficiency that is, in principle, sufficient to access the operating regime allowing thermophotonic cooling.


This course includes:
Badge on Completion
Certificate of completion
In this course, Art and the Mexican Revolution, you will explore one of Diego Rivera’s key murals which were commissioned by the Mexican government in the period after the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920. These monumental public artworks, designed to win over the Mexican peasantry and working-class to the new post-revolutionary state, brought Mexican mural artists international acclaim and Rivera was subsequently awarded important commissions in the United States. Yet, due to his commitment to a figurative form of propaganda, Rivera’s reputation suffered during the Cold War period and these Mexican murals are now largely left out of dominant accounts of twentieth-century United States art.
IntroductionIn this course, Art and the Mexican Revolution, you will explore the significance of certain murals by the artist Diego Rivera. While Rivera is now often known (if he is known at all) as the husband of Frida Kahlo, he was, in fact, one of the three major Mexican muralists (alongside José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros). Together, these artists were collectively referred to as Los tres grandes (the big three) and in the period after the Mexican Revolution of 1910−20, they were commissioned to produce monumental murals in Mexico City.
Learning outcomesAfter studying this course, you should be able to:
- Situate a key example of Mexican muralism within the post-revolutionary context in which it was made
- Explore recent debates around the interpretation of Mexican muralism
- Examine the concepts of ‘realism’ and ‘modernism’ in relation to Mexican muralism
- Address the relevance of social and cultural contexts for interpreting works of art
- Analyse works of art in terms of different ideas and approaches.
- The Mexican Revolution 00:30:00
- History of Mexico 00:30:00
- The mural described 00:30:00
- Muralism And Modernism 00:30:00
- Detroit Industry 00:30:00
- Fridamania 01:30:00
- Conclusion 00:30:00
About the instructor


Frequently found in house dust, soil, fruits, nuts, and seeds, rhizopus often grows in fruit and vegetable garbage, or in forgotten leftover food. Exposure to large numbers of rhizopus spores has reportedly caused respiratory complications. Rhizopus can be an allergen and opportunistic pathogen for immunocompromised individuals, especially those with diabetic ketoacidosis, malnutrition, severe burns, or in some cases, the common cold.
May cause mucorosis in immune compromised individuals. The sites of infection are the lung, nasal sinus passages, brain, eyes, and skin. Infection may have multiple sites. This mold produces mycotoxins, which can be inhaled and ingested. Occupies a biological niche similar to Mucor allergen/toxin. The Zygomycetous fungus is reported to be allergenic/toxigen, as well. As with all toxigenic molds, this fungus can alter DNA and cause permanent neurological, psychological, pathological, and immunological damage.
Cases of from rhizopus infection from this so-called non-invasive mold have disfigured many individuals who had seemingly effective immune systems.
For treatment, symptoms, and more information see www.mold-survivor.com


Catalogue of the Sardinian, Etruscan and Italic bronze statuettes in the Danish National Museum
A part of the series Gösta Enbom Monographs (7) , and the subject area Archaeology (classical)
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About the book
In the First Millennium BC present-day Italy was inhabited by many different ethnic groups, most of which spoke a language affiliated with Latin. Sardinia, a large island to the West of the Italian mainland, had a culture characterized by nuraghs, a kind of massive stone tower, presumably for defense purposes. Many finds of bronze statuettes of warriors show the concern of the population to protect themselves from aggressors, also with divine support secured by impressive priestesses. However, Rome’s closest neighbours to the North were the Etruscans, who spoke a language quite different from any other people in Italy. For a long period Etruscan kings ruled the Romans who, however, liberated themselves from the foreigners and, in reverse, started to conquer their territory. Gradually, from about the Sixth Century BC to about 100 BC, the Romans came to dominate the Etruscans as well as the ethnic groups we call the Italics. But, apart from the military conflict, from which the Romans emerged victorious they were in many ways influenced by the Etruscans, whose prevalence in the field of religion and art they admired. Actually, they welcomed cultural exchange. A striking example is that the Romans invited a famous Etruscan artist to decorate their most important temple, dedicated to Jupiter, on the Capitol Hill. The Etruscan excellence in bronze casting has left a rich heritage of bronze sculpture. Statues and statuettes were used as gifts for the gods in sanctuaries both in Etruria and Rome, as well as in many other parts of Italy.
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This is us
The Press publishes scientific literature and more mainstream publications such as the series Reflections. All books share a strong scholarly base.
The most important task of the Press is to disseminate and make known the results of scientific research at Aarhus University, but the Press also publishes scientific work from other institutions.


Charles Murray’s Underclass Theory – the idea that there is a ‘hardcore’ of a few hundred thousand families and individuals who are welfare-dependent and responsible a disproportionate amount of crime in society has a long history:
- In Victorian times there was a concern about a ‘social residuum’, and shortly afterwards it was ‘unemployables’ who were the target of social reformers and politicians.
- The Eugenics Society was influential in promoting the ‘social problem group’ in the 1930s and the idea of ‘problem families’ in the years following the Second World War.
- In the 1960s, Oscar Lewis, the cultural anthropologist, popularised the heavily racialised ‘culture of poverty’ theory in the USA.
- Sir Keith Joseph, former Conservative MP, raised the issue of a ‘cycle of deprivation’ in the 1970s.
- In the 1980s and 1990s, American academic Charles Murray suggested that a ‘plague’ had crossed the Atlantic in the form of an ‘underclass’.
- New Labour expressed concern about 2.5% of people who were ‘socially excluded’ in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
- The development of the Respect agenda in the 2000s raised the issue of ‘problem families’ once again.
However, these ideas have flourished, despite no robust evidence which supports the idea of an ‘underclass’, whatever it is called. Professor David Gordon, who led the recent Poverty and Social Exclusion in the United Kingdom study, the largest ever research project of its kind, has offered the following view of such concepts:
These ideas are unsupported by any substantial body of evidence. Despite almost 150 years of scientific investigation, often by extremely partisan investigators, not a single study has ever found any large group of people/households with any behaviours that could be ascribed to a culture or genetics of poverty … any policy based on the idea that there are a group of ‘Problem Families’ who ‘transmit’ their ‘poverty/deprivation’ to their children will inevitably fail, as this idea is a prejudice, unsupported by scientific evidence. (Gordon, 2011)
Source: Stephen Crossley, The Troubled Families Programme: the perfect social policy? – Briefing Paper – November 2015
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Hepatitis research papers are written by the medical health writers at Paper Masters. We can write on any form of Hepatitis, including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. You simply let us know exactly what type of the viral inflammation you need and our writers custom write your project.
Hepatitis is a viral inflammation of the liver that can promulgate cirrhosis of the liver, liver disease and death. Although Hepatitis poses a significant risk there are certain strains of the virus that are more virulent and difficult to treat than others. The three strains of hepatitis include:
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A can be found in fecal matter. Although some sexual contact can promote the transmission of the disease, widespread outbreaks typically occur when food has been exposed to unsanitary conditions. Hepatitis A causes jaundice, fatigue and diarrhea; however, most of those infected with the disease recover on their own in 4 to 8 weeks.
Hepatitis B is spread though body fluids such as sperm, vaginal fluids, blood and saliva. Unprotected sexual intercourse, needle sharing and blood transfusions are the most typically methods of transmission of this virus. Although most individuals recover from the disease within six months, some go on to carry the disease, although they manifest no symptoms. About 1 percent of those with this disease do not recover.
Hepatitis C is transmitted via blood to blood contact. As such, IV drug users and healthcare workers are the most susceptible for contracting this disease. In approximately 75 percent of all cases, treatment for Hepatitis C is ineffective as most individuals carry the disease throughout the course of their lives. Twenty to thirty percent will develop liver failure and subsequently die.


ALS is a progressive, usually fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration of motoneurons for which there is currently no cure or effective therapy.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is also called Motor Neuron Disease (in the UK),
Maladie de Charcot (in France), and Lou Gehrig’s Disease (in the US), named after the famous baseball player who died from this illness in 1941.
Motoneurons are large nerve cells that are found in the brain and spinal cord.
Motoneurons in the spinal cord (lower motoneurons) send nerve fibers out of the spinal cord to control skeletal muscles, including those that make us walk, talk and breathe.
When these motoneurons degenerate, muscles throughout the body become weaker and atrophied, resulting in gradual paralysis. In ALS motoneurons within specific areas of the brain are also destroyed. These motoneurons called upper motoneurons send nerve fibers down from the brain to control the lower motoneurons in the spinal cord.
There is currently no clinical test that provides a definitive diagnosis of ALS, although the presence of upper and lower motoneuron clinical signs is strongly suggestive. Therefore, since there are no reliable biomarkers for this disease, the diagnosis of ALS is primarily based on the symptoms and signs observed by the physician and on a serie of tests that exclude other possible diagnosises.
The need for the development of a reliable biomarker for this devastating disorder therefore remains of critical importance. This will not only provide the patients with a much needed definition of their condition, but will help to identify patients at an earlier stage of the disease so that they will have a better chance of responding to any therapeutic interventions.


I've not come up against clear explanations when trying to think about a situation where an ice sheet is advancing and comes up against a cliff. What happens next? How does the ice sheet cross the cliff? Does the base get stuck?
Does it create some landforms into the original cliff-face? The forcing that would apply should be very strong (and perhaps it will continue to apply over a very long time period). Also, how does the flow of the glacier happen in these locations? Will the cliff-face be exposed to liquid water flow throughout the period that the ice sheet has covered it, and won't this cause very rapid erosion of the cliff-surface?
From a geologic perspective, this would have been happening across the Baltic Clint though most of these cliffs are in the range of 15–25 meters—in other words, relatively small for an ice sheet to cross. However, there are also some exposed (presently above-water) parts which are slightly higher.
I've put a small map (20m DEM; generally one front of cliffs by the modern coastline and then occasional ones further inland) below which illustrates where this would have been happening during the last glaciation period based on the example of Tallinn, Estonia, though by no means is this the only place where such a situation would have occurred.
Of course, the DEM has further problems, including that ~20k years of isostatic uplift has raised these a fair bit since so the actual obstacle that the ice sheets met should have been smaller (perhaps was: are the remnant limestone mounds the part that didn't get washed away?).
I also find the sentence (from the above Wikipedia page) weird:
However it is not known to which degree the Baltic Klint originated in postglacial time or if it evolved from cliff-like forms sculpted by the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. In Gotland 20th century cliff retreat rates have been estimated at 0.15 to 0.78 cm/year.
I don't see how the ice sheet's advance/retreat could have caused such a cliff if the limestone plateau did not exist there beforehand.
I'm not expecting an answer based on this location specifically, but rather perhaps there are some imaged cliff-faces in Greenland/Antarctica where this behaviour has been recorded presently? I tried some searches and found this which seems relevant but I wasn't able to access the full text.