When conception occurs, pregnancy hormones kick into overdrive and cause some serious changes in the female body. These changes are not limited to promoting the healthy growth of the baby. Pregnancy hormones are also responsible for loosening ligaments, increasing fluid retention and blood volume and preparing the woman's body to care for her baby. Some of these changes can be painful, but the woman should feel better knowing she is not the only one suffering from common pregnancy pains.
From the first weeks after conception, the breasts will feel tender and a bit swollen. This is due to pregnancy hormones preparing the milk ducts and breast tissue for breast feeding. Even if the woman plans on bottle feeding, the breasts will still prepare for the day of birth. Pain in the breast can be minimized with ice packs and tight fitting bras.
One of the most common pregnancy pains occurs in the back. Hormones work to loosen ligaments in the birth canal so the canal can expand during birth. These hormones cannot limit that loosening effect to just the necessary ligaments, so women's back muscles are going to be less resilient when it comes to holding the extra front weight as baby grows. Wearing a tummy sling to disburse the weight throughout the abdomen and back can help ease the pain. Sitting and resting will also help dramatically.
Some women are surprised by the pain they feel in the abdomen early on in the pregnancy. Again, loosening ligaments are responsible from much of this early pain. The tummy is preparing to growth to new widths so pain can be expected. As the pregnancy grows closer to the end than the beginning, the expanding skin and weight of baby can lead to sensitive areas on the tummy and cramping. Cramping or early contractions are called Braxton Hicks contractions. These are just learning tools for the uterus.


At St Andrew’s we use the Storytelling Schools approach to teach many of our units of work in literacy. The main idea is for children to hear stories then learn to tell them orally. Listening to and retelling stories helps children develop their vocabulary and sentence structures. Once children are able to tell a story aloud, they find the process of writing much easier.
Telling a story without a book is a powerful way to engage the children and draw them into a story. Once the children have heard the story, they create story maps to help them sequence and learn it.
‘Stepping out’ stories is a fun way for children to memorise the stories further and helps children understand how to use paragraphs in their writing.
Often, drama activities are used to deepen the children’s understanding of the plot and characters.
At St Andrew’s we use the Storytelling method to learn traditional stories and fairy tales. As the children advance through the school, the stories become more complex. Greek and Roman myths are learnt using the method. Our history topics are often enhanced through learning stories from the period being studied. Stories can be told word-for-word or chanted, or the storyteller learns the main plot of a story but the way the story is told varies on each retelling.
The Storytelling method is also used for non-fiction literacy units. The method for recording a science experiment can be stepped out and learnt by heart. It is a great way for children to learn the formal language structures used in a range of non-fiction genres.


Study on attached ventilation based on inclined walls
attached ventilation, inclined wall, numerical simulation, visualization experiments
In practical engineering, inclined building walls are often presented due to their functional and aesthetic needs. A reasonable air distribution design is essential for creating a satisfactory indoor environment in such buildings. In the present study, inclined walls with a variable inclination angle β were used as the research object to explore a novel air supply mode. Visualization experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the induced airflow, such as the airflow pattern, the airflow characteristics (maximum jet velocity decay and jet spreading rate) and the ventilation effect (vertical air temperature difference, draft rate, air diffusion performance index). The results show that the "air lake" phenomena occurred over the floor, which resembles the displacement ventilation to some extent. The proposed air supply mode has a good ventilation effect and could be applied to building spaces with inclined walls. The current study can be used as a reference for ventilation design in buildings with inclined walls.
Tsinghua University Press
Yicun Hou, Angui Li, Jing Yang, Yu Tian, Dingmeng Wu. Study on attached ventilation based on inclined walls. Building Simulation 2021, 14(03): 667-679.


The average working adult, especially if they have young children, won’t have enough time in the day to take care of all of their responsibilities. They will often prioritize finishing an emergency work project or doing the day’s dishes over getting a full night’s sleep.
Fatigue is almost a point of pride for many hard-working individuals. They treat their inability to get eight hours of slumber each night as evidence that they are competent, independent individuals. Unfortunately, when people don’t get enough sleep, they put themselves and everyone else at risk on the road.
The 2 ways that fatigued drivers endanger others
The problem with being so tired while driving that one can barely keep their eyes on the road is that people may potentially fall asleep at the wheel. A shocking one out of 25 drivers will admit to falling asleep at the wheel at least once in the last 30 days. Many others may experience microsleep where they may keep their eyes open but lose consciousness for a few seconds at a time.
Obviously, falling asleep at the wheel is very dangerous, but it isn’t the only safety concern. The other way that fatigued motorists put others at risk is through impairment. Safety experts often compare the effects of fatigue on the brain to the impact of alcohol. Someone who has gone 20 hours without sleep is as dangerous to others on the road as someone who is over the legal limit for their blood alcohol concentration. Like alcohol, fatigue increases reaction time, decreases focus and affects someone’s rational decision-making abilities.
Caffeine and other stimulants are not solutions
It is very common practice for those who have too long without sleep to use caffeine as a crutch. Whether they drink soda, energy drinks or coffee, the caffeine that they ingest will not actually undo the side effects of going without sleep, although it may temporarily alleviate their sense of fatigue and difficulty focusing.
In many cases, consuming large amounts of caffeine can make someone jittery and nervous, which can make their driving less safe. Understanding the risk created by fatigued drivers can potentially help other motorists in West Virginia stay safer on the roads.


Textured readings of the literary expression of workers in the era of big cotton
The rise of both the empire of cotton and the empire of fashion in the nineteenth century brought new opportunities for sartorial self-expression to millions of ordinary people who could now afford to dress in style and assert their physical presence. Millions of laborers toiling in cotton fields and producing cotton cloth in industrial mills faced a brutal reality of exploitation, servitude, and regimentation—yet they also had a profound desire to express their selfhood. Another transformative force of this era—the rise of literary publication and the radical extension of literacy to the working class—opened an avenue for them to do so. Cloth and clothing provide potent tropes not only for physical but also for intellectual forms of self-expression. Drawing on sources ranging from fugitive slave narratives, newspapers, manifestos, and mill workers’ magazines to fiction, poetry, and autobiographies, Clothed in Meaning examines the significant part played by mill workers and formerly enslaved people, many of whom still worked picking cotton, in this revolution of literary self-expression. They created a new literature from their palpable daily intimacy with cotton, cloth, and clothing, as well as from their encounters with grimly innovative modes of work. In the materials of their labor they discovered vivid tropes for formulating their ideas and an exotic and expert language for articulating them. The harsh conditions of their work helped foster in their writing a trenchant irony toward the demeaning reduction of human beings to “hands” whose minds were unworthy of interest. Ultimately, Clothed in Meaning provides an essential examination of the intimate connections between oppression and luxury as recorded in the many different voices of nineteenth-century labor.


Midway is located on the east end of Liberty County, Georgia, near the coast and I-95 corridor. It’s quiet, coastal environment, rich history & proximity to everything has allowed Midway to become a desirable location to call home. The city is known for its rich history, having been settled by early English colonists in the mid-18th century.
Originally named St. John’s Parish, Midway was established as a trading post, and quickly became a center for commerce and transportation in the region. In 1752, the town was renamed “Midway” because it was situated midway between Savannah and the newly established settlement of Darien. In addition to it’s early start as a hub for trade & business, Midway was also highly political. Two of Georgia’s three signers of the Declaration of Independence were from Midway.
During the American Revolution, Midway played a significant role in the fight for independence. The town was a hotbed of patriotic sentiment, and many of its residents were members of the Continental Army. The Midway Congreational Church, which was attended by both Liberty County signers, was destroyed by British forces during the war and later re-built. The structure still stands today.
After the war, Midway continued to grow and prosper. The town became an important center for agriculture and manufacturing and was a major stop on the stagecoach route between Savannah and Jacksonville, Florida. In the 19th century, Midway was also a center of African American education, with several schools for black children. Dorchester Academy, one of those schools, was later converted to a Cooperative Center for political & social change during the American Civil Rights Movement.
Today, Midway is a small, quiet town with a rich history and a strong sense of community. Many of its historic buildings have been preserved, and the town is a popular destination for tourists interested in Georgia’s colonial and Revolutionary War history.


Law is a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour. These laws can be made by collective legislatures or a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations or by judges through binding precedent in common law jurisdictions.
Rule of law is the legal principle that a society should be governed by a system of laws that are fair and reasonable. It is based on the principles of procedural equality and separation of powers and is important for protecting all participants from discrimination.
A set of deep rooted, historically conditioned attitudes about the nature of law and its role in a country’s culture and society. The two major legal traditions are Common Law and Civil Law.
The constitution of a country lays out the fundamental rights of its people and establishes the rules that govern its government. This is also known as the Rule of Law and is an essential part of a nation’s democratic values.
A rule of conduct prescribed by the supreme power of a state or a nation, commanding what its subjects must do and prohibiting what they may not do; a statute. This can be established by the decrees of absolute princes, as emperors and kings, or by the formal acts of the legislatures of free states.
Judiciary law is a set of decisions by the courts that bind all lower courts and future decisions by the same court. This can be accomplished in a common law system, which is more expansive and detailed than the civil law systems.


Debates of Lincoln and Douglas: Political Debates Between Hon. Abraham Lincoln and Hon. Stephen a Douglas
Digital Scanning Inc, Dec 19, 1998 - History - 276 pages
Carefully recorded by reporters in 1858, the debates between Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln resulted in a win by Douglas in his campaign for U.S. Senate. In contrast to Douglas's Popular Sovereignty stance, Lincoln stated that the country could not survive as half-slave and half-free states. The Lincoln-Douglas debates drew the attention of the entire nation and set the stage for Lincoln's successful 1860 race for the United States Presidency.
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Common terms and phrases
Abolition admission admit adopted amendment answer argument attention become believe bill Black bring carry charge Compromise Congress Constitution Convention course decide decision Democratic deny desire divided doctrine Dred Scott decision election equality evidence exclude exist expect expressed fact fathers favor friends give Government half hold Illinois institutions Judge Douglas Kansas Lecompton Legislature Lincoln matter mean measures meeting mind Nebraska negro never North opinion opposed party passed platform pledged political popular position present President principle prohibit proposition prove provision question race reason regard repeat Republican resolutions Senate slave slavery South sovereignty speech Springfield stand submitted suppose Supreme Court tell Territory thing tion true Trumbull understand Union United vote Whig whole wish wrong


The Fed was created in 1913 in response to the Panic of 1907. Its original mandate was to promote the sort of financial stability that would prevent or at least ameliorate this kind of banking crisis. 100 years later they’ve clearly made very little if any progress on this front.
The Panic of 1907 was so severe that it led to the creation of the Federal Reserve. Amen. pic.twitter.com/7UMn56r8hR
— Not Jim Cramer (@Not_Jim_Cramer) February 17, 2017
In fact, this original mandate has seemingly been entirely forgotten in the pursuit of Fed’s single greatest achievement since it’s creation: inflation. The purchasing power of the dollar has fallen fully 96% since the institution was first established.
Persistent inflation is a modern phenomenon pic.twitter.com/FZupzhNRO2
— The Long View (@HayekAndKeynes) September 12, 2017
All of this begs the (rhetorical) question: ‘What is the purpose of giving an institution the greatest power there is to give (control of the nation’s money supply) when it completely falls down in its single most important function and could hardly be more successful at destroying the value of your hard-earned savings?’


There may be a Vanadium diabetes link. Some research suggests that is essential to the body and that the body contains about 100 mcg. Much more research is needed on the effects of Vanadium on the body. Animal studies have shown its link to bone formation.
Some believe one of the benefits of Vanadium is its potential role as factor in the potentiating of insulin, which would explain a diabetes link.
None is given.
Dosage by Vanadium Supplement
These should be kept quite low until further studies are done. As Vanadium Citrate or Vanadyl Sulfate:
• Adults 40 mcg/day
• Teens 30 mcg/day
• Children 1-4 years 5 mcg/day; 4+ years 10 mcg/day
Not known but adult dosage should be kept below 100 mcg/day until further studies establish whether higher levels are safe.
You will find lots more information, including full citations and summaries of studies from medical journals in my book It’s About Health. But you can also continue to surf the 200 free pages of this website for lots of valuable, evidence-based information.
It’s About Health
Continue to Zinc Uses
Return to List of Minerals
Return from Vanadium Diabetes to Home Page Secrets About Vitamins


Students will have a "basic understanding of … the social sciences and their significance in contemporary society" (PASSHE BOG Policy 1993-01) and will have an "awareness of the social, economic, political and environmental interdependence of countries and regions of the world" (PASSHE BOG Policy 1993-01). The social sciences focus on human behavior, how people interact with each other in the past and present; how people interact with the environment; and how people organize, govern and trade among themselves.
- To discuss, explore or utilize the scientific method to understand human behavior and address the question of "why do people do what they do?";
- To identify major concepts in one or more social science disciplines and provide insight into the breadth of these disciplines and their relationship to other disciplines; and
- To recognize how critical analysis and reasoning are used to address problems in the social sciences.
Additionally, a social science course must demonstrate at least one of the following goals:
- To identify, explain, apply or evaluate the moral and ethical codes of a social science discipline; and/or
- To recognize, describe or analyze how cultural differences impact human behavior (where culture is defined broadly to include issues such as gender, ethnicity, racial diversity, religious belief, lifespan, etc.).


A camouflet, in military science, is an artificial cavern created by an explosion. If the explosion reaches the surface then it is called a crater.
The term was originally defined as a countermine dug by defenders to prevent the undermining of a fortress’s walls during a siege. The defenders would dig a tunnel under the attackers’ tunnel. An explosive charge would be detonated to create a camouflet that would collapse the attackers’ tunnel.
More recently, the term has been used to describe the effects of very large bombs like the Grand Slam bomb, which are designed to penetrate next to a large target structure and create a camouflet to undermine the foundations of the structure. It has been observed that it is more efficient to penetrate ground next to the target than to hit the target directly.
A camouflet set describes a system used in the British Army for cratering tracks and other routes. A tube is driven into the ground using a manual post driver. The end of the tube is a disposable steel point. A small charge connected to a detonator is lowered down the tube. The tube is then removed, and the hole tamped. The charge is then blown, leaving a void and a hole to the surface. This void is then filled with a much larger charge, which is also tamped, and then blown when required to create a crater as an obstacle. A refinement was introduced in the 1980s, with the use of a shaped charge to create the initial hole.
Because of the presence of high levels of toxic fumes from the explosive, including carbon monoxide, and the weakness of the soft earth overlying the cavern, camouflets are extremely hazardous to bomb disposal personnel.
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9th May: Europe Day
It is encouraging to see the good intentions and new commitment to the European project
This day marks the anniversary of the beginning of the process of European integration. On 9th May 1950 Robert Schuman presented a plan for European cooperation known as ‘The Schuman Declaration’. This day also marks the anniversary of the end of Second World War, following the Nazi surrender on 8th May.
However, this day also marks victory for the then Soviet Union in 1945 as a result of which many Central and Eastern European countries became satellite states to Moscow.
It is a day in history of territorial gains, affecting an entire section of humanity, both in positive and in negative ways. As such, it is a historical day, Europe Day.
In European Union member countries, the EU Institutions hold Open Days in order to help European citizens to better understand the great “enterprise” which, since the year 2000 has as its motto: ‘United in diversity’. A motto that “signifies how Europeans have come together, in the form of the EU, to work for peace and prosperity, while at the same time being enriched by the continent’s many different cultures, traditions and languages.” To date, the motto appears as a challenge more so than a lived experience. However, it is encouraging to see the good intentions and new commitment to the European project, shown by the joint declaration of heads of state and government, which was signed on the occasion of the 60th Anniversary of the Treaties of Rome.
We, Christians of different Churches, through our respective charisms, within our Movements and Communities, feel called upon on this Europe Day to continue our work for a more brotherly and united Europe. On the journey of Together for Europe, we have experienced that unity in diversity is possible based on a shared premise that we are all children of God and brothers. Every effort to build friendship and brotherhood in our communities, is precious. Our diversity becomes gift and mutual enrichment. And if this works on a small scale, it can be extended further to all in helping to serve the greater common good.


Set text for: AQA | Eduqas | WJEC
Unearth the significance of the literary and cultural allusions and clever interchanges in Bennett’s witty and intelligently written play, with a variety of stimulating, ready-to-use activities covering all aspects of the text.
Carefully considered structure develops understanding:
- Build a foundation for learning and get students interested
with introductory pre-reading exercises.
- Dig deeper with text-based activities. Every chapter is explored through a range of thought-provoking tasks. A focus on close reading, writing style and vocabulary develops essay skills throughout the pack.
- Consolidate knowledge with whole-text activities focusing on:
Characterisation • Relationships • Setting • Themes • Ideas and
Messages • Language • Form • Structure • Context
All activities are perfectly matched to the GCSE Assessment
- Insightful questions
- Stimulating reading and writing tasks
- Pair and group work
- Creative activities for visual and kinaesthetic learners
- Knowledge-check activities including quiz and crossword
- Extension activities
- Exam-focused ‘stop and think’ activities
Plus! Suggested answers for questions and activities included.
Includes photocopiable master with site licence; electronic copies available. Orders are normally dispatched in 2-5 working days.
Price is £92
Click here for full details and to order.


A Swedish scientist is being slammed and praised due to a controversial new discovery.
It’s an achievement that is sure to set of fierce debate in both the scientific world and the public: a Swedish scientists has started editing the DNA in healthy human embryos, which could help us learn how to prevent miscarriages and treat infertility … or lead to playing god and creating designer babies, if you believe the critics.
Developmental biologist Frederik Lanner is the first known researcher to actually try to alter the genes of human embryos that are healthy, which many consider an ethical taboo. Lanner also wants to help scientists learn mroe about stem cells from embryos so they could be used to treat diseases.
But others are worried that this discovery will allow people to start creating “designer babies,” or babies whose DNA has been altered to remove undesirable traits.
But Lanner says that’s not his goal. He just wants to study the embryos for the first seven days of their growth and won’t let them develop beyond two weeks. He says that the benefits far outweigh any risk.
The purpose of Lanner’s office, according to their website, is to: “Explore treatment of age-related macula degeneration using ESC derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells. ESCs isolated from the human blastocyst can be propagated indefinitely and directed into any cell type of the adult human, offering great potential for regenerative medicine to replace lost or damaged tissues. The knowledge of how these pluripotent cells are established and controlled in vivo is generated primarily in animal modes such as the mouse while our knowledge of the same process in the human is rudimentary and key differences are emerging. We will explore these issues through single cell mRNA sequencing, pioneering genetic technologies and functional assays in human blastocysts. This fundamental knowledge will also be important for our understanding of infertility, a problem affecting 10-15% of all couples in our society.”
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GINGER WATER ON LOW BACK PAIN (LBP)
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a symptom of lower back pain and is a work related musculoskeletal disorder. Giving ginger water is a non-pharmacological method that is considered very effective in reducing pain or muscle spasm (Pharmaceutics, 2013). Heat can be transferred by conduction, convection, and conversion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ginger water on complaints of low back pain (LBP) in workers at the Tanah Putih Rokan Hilir sub-district office. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study were 45 workers and 37 workers had met the criteria as a sample. The data collection technique used was interview and observation. The data analysis method used was the dependent t test. The results showed that before giving ginger water, there was a decrease in the level of pain complaints in workers where before being given ginger water the average level of pain was 61.51 and after being given ginger water it decreased to 57.14 the level of workers who experienced low back pain only. Dependent t test results obtained p-value = (0.005) < (0.050) so that regular administration of ginger water is effective in reducing complaints of low back pain at the Tanah Putih Rokan Hilir sub-district office. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended for workers who have complaints of low back pain to be able to drink ginger water 2-4 grams of boiled ginger every day until the pain is reduced.
Low Back Pain (LBP), Ginger Water, Worker


PETER: Hey! That car just ran a red light and hit that truck!
GAIL: Is anyone hurt?
PETER: I don’t know … let’s call 911. … Hello? I’d like to report a car accident near the post office on Charles Street. It looks like a man is hurt. Yes, it just happened. OK, thanks. Bye.
GAIL: What did they say?
PETER: They’re going to send an ambulance and a police car right away.
GAIL: Good, they’re here. I hope the man is OK.
PETER: I know. You have to be so careful when you’re driving.
Hey! This expression is used to show surprise. Notice how That car just ran a red light and hit that truck! is said with a lot of energy.
Is anyone hurt? This is a yes/no question, so the intonation rises at the end. Notice how this question is asked in a worried way.
911 is the phone number you dial for emergency services. The person who answers will ask you questions about the emergency situation and then send out the necessary emergency services, which may include police officers, firefighters and an ambulance.
I’d like to report a car accident near the post office on Charles Street. Notice how the key words “car accident,” “post office” and “Charles Street” are stressed. These are the important details that the emergency services need.
It just happened is a way of saying “It happened a moment ago.” Notice the stress on “just,” which emphasizes that the accident happened very, very recently.
What did they say? Notice how “say” is emphasized, but the intonation falls at the end of the word. This is a “what” question, so the intonation falls at the end.


Regularly it’s possible you’ll need to to find the slope of a trendline in Excel.
Thankfully that is rather simple to do and refer to step by step instance presentations how to take action.
Step 1: Manufacture the Knowledge
First, let’s manufacture a faux dataset to paintings with:
Step 2: Manufacture a Scatterplot
After, let’s manufacture a scatterplot to visualise the knowledge.
To take action, spotlight the knowledge:
After click on the Insert tab alongside the govern ribbon and click on the primary possibility inside the Insert Leak (X, Y) possibility within the Charts workforce. This may increasingly make refer to scatterplot:
Step 3: Upload a Trendline
After, let’s upload a trendline to the scatterplot.
To take action, click on any place at the scatterplot. After click on the golf green plus (+) signal within the govern proper nook of the chart and click on the field after to Trendline:
Step 4: Show the Slope of the Trendline
To seek out the slope of the trendline, click on the fitting arrow after to Trendline and click on Extra Choices:
Within the window that looks at the proper aspect of the display, test the field after to Show Equation on chart:
The trendline equation will routinely seem at the scatterplot:
The trendline equation seems to be y = 2.4585x – 1.3553.
This implies the intercept is -1.3553 and the slope is 2.4585.
You’ll be able to to find extra Excel tutorials in this web page.


Common Name: Cotinus coggygria
Common Species/Varieties: Early Sunrise, Hardy Jewel
Common Colors: Yellow is most common, but can also be found in reds and whites
Plant Type: Flowering
Annual or Perennial: Depends on the variety!
Hardiness Zone: 2-11 USDA
Bloom Season: Annuals bloom in early summer through the fall, and perennials will begin blooming the second year after planting.
Grows Best In: Full sun
Fun Fact: Coreopsis means “always cheerful” in the language of flowers!
This sunny little wildflower doesn’t require a ton of planning or pruning. Plant it in a meadow-type setting or grouping, and deadhead the plant to keep the blooms coming all summer long. In Colorado it may be wise to plant the flowers where they won’t get the full blast of our intense afternoon sun, or the plants may wilt or struggle. Keep annual coreopsis plants well watered, and water perennials regularly at least until they are established. (Don’t forget to water after the sun has gone down or very early in the morning to avoid losing most of the water meant for the plants to the heat of the sun and evaporation!)
Coreopsis is related to the daisy as part of the Asteraceae family, but unlike the daisy, some have special trumpet-shaped round petals!
Bees and other pollinators love these colorful flowers, so plant them anywhere that you’d like to attract pollinators. Some versions of Coreopsis grow taller than others, but most fall in the 1 to 2 foot range. While pollinators enjoy these flowers, deer do not typically prefer them, so feel free to plant them in your space even if you have deer visitors. Like Smoke Bush, Coreopsis has been used as a dye for fabrics, yarns, paper, threads, and more. They are even said to have been used boiled in water as a predecessor to coffee by Native Americans! (Though one should always check on the properties and effects of a plant before using it as a food or beverage!)


What are Imaging Phantoms?
Medical phantoms are often referred to as medical imaging quality assurance phantoms and are used for machine setting and calibration of various imaging systems including X-Ray, MRI and PET/CT. Calibration and system checking often happens daily to ensure the system is adjusted to a known standard using the quality assurance phantom before being used on patients. These phantoms are also used extensively for quality assurance in radiotherapy systems to check the accurate alignment of beams prior to patient therapy.
Quality Assurance Phantoms Accuracy
By their very nature, these phantoms must be manufactured to very tight tolerances using highly repeatable processes, tools and verification techniques. Carville have been producing these calibration phantoms for many years, supplying some of the global leaders in this area including Varian, Elekta and the UK National Health Service (NHS) directly. As well as high precision machining methods, we also make extensive use of gauges and Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) to ensure all our products are within the specifications agreed with our clients. Acrylic/Plexiglass (PMMA) material is often used as its properties make it complementary for these kinds of applications including its transparency. Other materials are also used such as polyester resin and polystyrene as their material properties have specific characteristics either to simulate human tissue or assist in the setting, calibration and targeting for certain forms of imaging and radiotherapy energy sources.
Embedded Parts in Quality Assurance Imaging Phantoms
Most medical phantoms, include very accurately located, embedded components within the block. These are often spheres of stainless steel or ceramic and Carville have experience manufacturing products with multiple embedded parts at various depths and positions. We also often engrave external markings on the phantoms to further aid calibration via visible light means. Carville are also able to diffusion bond components between layers with a high degree of accuracy, for example we manufacture a product used the by the NHS for mammography calibration that includes a small square of aluminium foil within it. Some phantoms also have cavities within them our clients fill with fluids to mimic human or animal organs.
Carville are happy to explore manufacturing feasibility with you if you have an idea for a medical phantom solution or are working on novel methods of imaging, therapy or research applications. Please get in contact to explore this.


Healthy Air for a Healthy Home
When most people think of air pollution, they think of vehicle exhaust, smoke stacks or burning fires. But did you know that the air inside your home can have 5 times the number of pollutants than the air outside?
Unfortunately, there are sources of pollution everywhere inside of homes. Cleaning and personal care products release chemical agents into the air. Combustion pollutants come from gas stoves, kerosene heaters and charcoal grills. Cabinetry and other wood furnishing and floors made with pressed wood products are also considered indoor pollutants.
Aside from changing out your air filters every few months, with the right add-ons you can also use your home’s HVAC system to clean, purify, humidify and dehumidify your indoor air for the ultimate in comfort and health.
Importance of Humidity Control
Too Much Moisture
If you or someone in your home suffers from allergies or asthma, it’s important to get the moisture inside your home under control. Air that is too moist can cause a number of dangerous problems. Excess moisture is a breeding ground for unwanted bacterial and mold growth that can act as a trigger to those that suffer from respiratory issues. It can also lead to musty smells and window or wall condensation.
Elsass Heating & Cooling offers whole-home dehumidification systems that remove excess moisture from the air, keeping your family safe and healthy year-round.
Air that is too dry can be just as harmful as air that is too moist. Aside from nuisances such as dry skin and static shock – airborne viruses and bacteria tend to circulate easier and longer in dry air conditions. Wood floors and furniture can also sustain damage through cracking and buckling with air that is too dry.
Elsass can aid you in combatting these issues with a whole-home humidification system that puts the right balance of moisture in the air for maximized comfort and health.
Are Harmful Pollutants Effecting Your Home & Health?
Airborne contaminants inside your home can cause a flare up of sinus, allergy, and asthma symptoms including congestion, coughing, headaches, watery eyes, and dry or itchy skin.
Whole-home air cleaners help capture and kill harmful airborne particles – including viruses and bacteria – leaving your indoor air clean, fresh, and healthy.


Honesty – Life Application Lessons for Life Principles
Life Application Lessons for Life Principles
It is suggested that evidence of this life principle or the lack of it may be found in various forms of media - past, present, and future, and current real-life situations. It is recommended for learners to be engaged in a continuous search for life principle connections as part of the critical thinking process.
Objective: Learners connect the life principle with individual choices and apply in a personal situation.
Tool for Evaluating Components of Types of Media:
‘Hand’y Curriculum Connections Page One, Page Two
- Learners brainstorm and select a situation that involves the life principle.
- Use the Choice C.R.O.S.S.ROADS LP Worksheet to apply the life principle in the personal situation. Follow up with the Choice C.R.O.S.S.ROADS Planning Sheet.
- Option: Create a goal plan using the Goal-setting C.R.O.S.S.ROADS Worksheet or the Goal-setting Planning Sheet.
Objective: Learners will use a graphic organizer such as a Venn Diagram or T Chart
to develop the concept of cause and effect within a life application situation.
(see link below for a variety of graphic organizers)
- Introduce topic or have students brainstorm situations involving the life principle.
- Allow time for identification and discussion of the cause and effect within the topic through pair/share or Whole Group Discussion.
- Distribute the Venn Diagram or T Chart and allow time for learners to put their thoughts in writing.
- Offer time for pair share or small group discussion to compare ideas and add additional thoughts.
- Use whole group discussion to summarize the ideas shared. Have each learner write a statement drawing personal conclusions as to their cause and effect within the life application situation.
- As a group or individually have learners write a statement connecting the effects the life principle would have on the situation in relation to the 8 Expectations for Living, lines from the school/class creed, or other school-wide standards.
** Resource for a Variety of Printable Graphic Organizers English and Spanish versions
** Resources for helping students make Choices and in Goal-setting


In this section
- Anatomy of the endocrine system
- Disorders affecting calcium metabolism
- Disorders affecting the adrenal gland
- Disorders affecting the pituitary gland
- Anterior pituitary disorders
- Posterior pituitary disorders
- Disorders affecting the thyroid
- Hypoglycemia in the newborn
- Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS
- Problems in puberty
Disorders affecting the pituitary gland
The pituitary gland itself consists of three sections, each of which produces certain hormones:
- Anterior (front) lobe - contains six unique clusters of hormone-producing cells. These cells make growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), and LH (luteinizing hormone).
- Intermediate lobe - produces melanocyte-stimulating hormone (controls skin pigmentation).
- Posterior (back) lobe - produces ADH (antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin) and oxytocin (to contract the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production).
The pituitary gland is complex in that it affects many parts of the body with many different hormones. Oversecretion or undersecretion of one or more of those hormones can have a wide variety of health effects.
Disorders affecting the pituitary gland require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some disorders that affect the pituitary gland, for which we have provided a brief overview.
Make an appointment
To make an appointment, call our Central Scheduling team or request an appointment online.


For Killdeer Eggs And Young, It Does
By Dr. Bob Sargent
On March 31, Georgia DNR pilot Ryan Buller and I were returning by helicopter to Fulton County Airport after two long days of surveying eagle nests in southwest Georgia. As Ryan settled the chopper onto the apron by the hangar, I noticed a brown patch that looked out of place in a field of stones forming a protective barrier around a nearby fuel tank.
While waiting through the usual two-minute sequence to power down the helicopter, I raised my binoculars and discovered that the brown patch was alive. It was a killdeer holding fast – despite the roar of the helicopter no more than 70 feet away – to its nest site.
The killdeer is a species of plover, which is a type of shorebird. But instead of beaches, killdeer are more likely seen running around on lawns, sports fields and airports as they search for insects. It is not unusual for them to lay their well-camouflaged three to five eggs in gravel or stones on airfields and construction sites. The dedicated birds then incubate them for 24-28 days, even as cars drive by, planes taxi past and helicopters take off and land nearby.
Killdeer chicks are precocial, which means they are ready to run behind their parents and feed themselves shortly after hatching.
But if a potential predator gets too close to the nest, the incubating parent breaks into a performance that initially involves slowly strolling away from the site while coyly looking back to see if the predator is following.
Once the adult has drawn the predator away from the precious eggs, the bird proceeds to act two: pretending to have suddenly broken a wing (watch).
The killdeer will lower and drag the wing on the ground as it continues to slow-walk and weave away from the nest. This distraction display can also include tail fanning, flashing colorful patches of plumage, fluttering feathers and pitiful-sounding calls.
Once the adult has succeeded in luring the predator well clear of the eggs, the performance suddenly ends and the bird launches into flight, bringing down the curtain on another successful performance in survival.
Dr. Bob Sargent is a program manager with DNR’s Wildlife Conservation Section, leader of the state’s annual surveys of nesting bald eagles and a longtime ornithologist.
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More than Just a “Tree Guy”
An arboriculturist, more commonly known as an arborist, is one in the profession of the cultivation, management, and study of trees. This may also include shrubs, vine, forestry, and various forms of horticulture.
Simply put, an arborist is a tree surgeon. They focus on the health and safety of individual plants and trees. Just as in the medical field, there are doctors that specialize in specific areas, arborist specialized in different skills. There are many types of professions within arboriculture. Two of the main ones are certified and consulting.
In most cases, a certified arborist is what most people think about when they think of professional tree removal, pruning, and lightning protection. Consulting arborists are professions that deal with trees in a legal manner.
Louisiana Requirements for Arborists
In the state of Louisiana, arborist must be able to pass the Landscape Architect Registration Examination (L.A.R.E.) which an intensive four-part exam. The practical exam consists of a walking tour where applicants are to identify selected plant material. Applicants are to write the genus, species, and common names of the plant material identified.
Arborists do not get enough credit for what they do. Their job is so important to the safety of others. They are knowledgeable about the needs of trees and are trained and equipped to provide proper care. Arborists can recommend the right tree for a specific area, correct placement as well as how to properly plant trees. A tree in the wrong location nearly always results in future problems from limited growing space, insects, diseases, or poor growth. While many people can just hack down a tree, it takes a professional to know how to save a tree and save the surrounding landscape.
Lafayette and Baton Rouge Arboriculture Services
Jeremy Frederick, the owner of Green Leaf Tree Service, is a Certified Louisiana Arborist and can assist property owners in the Lafayette and Baton Rouge markets with year-round tree care and if necessary, precision removals. Call 337-519-3156 and a helpful member of our team will set up a consultation with Jeremy so we can get to the root of the problem.


Help for depression and anxiety
According to the National Institute for Mental Health, an estimated 16.2 million adults in the United States had at least one major depressive episode in 2017. When a person is experiencing symptoms of depression, they have trouble with their mood or withdraw from most activities which they used to enjoy. Other symptoms can include sleep disturbance, changes in appetite, feelings of worthlessness or extreme guilt, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, low energy, decrease in productivity, or suicidal ideation. According to the Center for Disease Control in 2018, Suicide has been the 10th leading causes of death in the United States. One of the protective factors for prevention of suicide is to get appropriate clinical care.
There are many different treatments to help alleviate symptoms of depression which you can discuss with your therapist, such as Behavioral Activation Treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy or Interpersonal Social Rhythm Therapy. As always, if you are in an emergency situation, please get care in an emergency room before coming for treatment.
Children, adolescents, and adults can develop anxiety disorders. According to the National Institute for Mental Health, “Research shows that untreated children with anxiety disorders are at higher risk to perform poorly in school, miss out on important social experiences and engage in substance abuse.” Some of the most successful treatments for Anxiety include Mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy.
For people who are using substances, anxiety and/or depression may be either the cause or effect of using specific substances. We specialize in dual diagnosis to help treat mental health and substance use. Please refer to the substance use therapy page for more information.


On April 22, Japan’s Diplomatic Bluebook for 2022 described the Kuril Islands (which Japan calls the Northern Territories and Russia as the South Kurils) as being under Russia’s “illegal occupation”.
- This is the first time in about two decades that Japan has used this phrase to describe the dispute over the Kuril Islands.
- Japan had been using softer language since 2003, saying that the dispute over the islands was the greatest concern in Russia-Japan bilateral ties.
- These are a set of four islands situated between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean near the north of Japan’s northernmost prefecture, Hokkaido.
- Both Moscow and Tokyo claim sovereignty over them though the islands have been under Russian control since the end of World War II.
- The Soviet Union had seized the islands at the end of World War II and by 1949 had expelled its Japanese residents. Tokyo claims that the disputed islands have been part of Japan since the early 19th century.
- According to Tokyo, Japan’s sovereignty over the islands is confirmed by several treaties like the Shimoda Treaty of 1855, the 1875 Treaty for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands (Treaty of St. Petersburg), and the Portsmouth Treaty of 1905 signed after the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 which Japan had won.
- Russia, on the other hand, claims the Yalta Agreement (1945) and the Potsdam Declaration (1945) as proof of its sovereignty and argues that the San Francisco Treaty of 1951 is legal evidence that Japan had acknowledged Russian sovereignty over the islands.


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Arsenic isn’t new to drinking water. It is a naturally-occurring mineral toxin that pops up in various water sources throughout the United States, just like one Texas community was faced with in an online news article. The residents there were drinking, bathing in, and cooking with drinking water that was plagued by the toxin without even knowing it. They were not notified of the arsenic, although it was required to be regulated quarterly according to state mandates. The main reason for the concern? Arsenic, when consumed in large amounts for a long period of time, can cause cancer and circulatory problems that are similar to the effects of diabetes. According to the article, “Arsenic enters drinking water supplies from natural deposits in the earth or from agricultural and industrial practices.” This small community is surrounded by acres of rural farmland like those found all across this country in virtually every state.
As stated in the article, “The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lowered the allowed arsenic levels in 2001 from 50 micrograms per liter to 10 micrograms per liter after scientific findings showed drinking water at the higher level posed a greater health risk.” Texas isn’t the only area where arsenic causes these health concerns. Communities all over the United States are finding levels beyond regulations which are bringing arsenic back to the forefront of the discussion. But in this small community, they will most likely have to continue serving residents drinking water that is over the allowed levels until funding is available to reduce the levels of arsenic.
So what should you do if you find that your community is being provided drinking water with “unsafe” levels of arsenic beyond federal regulations? Or perhaps you don’t want to wait until the powers that be tell you there is a problem? Don’t wait for your water supply company to secure funding, especially with the state of the economy today. Look into a water treatment company which provides you with a number of water treatment options like water coolers, water conditioners, reverse osmosis or a drinking water system that uses electricity for ion exchange rather than chemicals. Find a water treatment company that has eco-friendly and affordable products which will provide your family with immediately safe drinking water, rather than waiting for funds which may take longer than ever to reach your water supply company.


1Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Ear, Nose & Throat department, London, United Kingdom
Introduction. Laryngeal cysts are benign fluid-filled non-infected sacs that can appear in different anatomical parts of the larynx. They are most commonly found in the supraglottic area. Symptoms include voice changes, foreign body sensation, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, sore throat, dysphagia/odynophagia, dyspnea, however, most of the cysts found are incidental. Flexible nasendoscope and CT/MRI is used to diagnose and microlaryngoscopy and a laser is the main method of removing laryngeal cysts.
Clinical case. A 25-year-old gentleman presented to ENT Head & Neck clinic following a 2-month history of progressive difficulty in swallowing, hoarse voice, difficulty in breathing, and wheezing. A flexible nasendoscopy was performed which identified a large ball shape 4 cm supraglottic cyst in the right aryepiglottic fold which was valving and blocking the view of his vocal cords. A patient was taken to the theatre on the same day due to late presentation and fear that the cyst may rupture and cause airway problems. He had a microlaryngoscopy and laser excision of the right aryepiglottic fold cyst.
Conclusion. A patient who presented with longstanding and progressive airway symptoms should be urgently seen in the A&E. Late presentation increases the risk of sudden death due to airway deterioration. It is important to collect any comprehensive history before any anaesthesia. CT/MRI is recommended for preoperative planning. In some cases, time can be limited due to the risk of sudden airway deterioration.
Keywords. Laryngeal cyst, aryepiglottic cyst, airway emergency.


“The digital project is making a vital contribution to the revitalisation of Pilbara languages. The goal is to bring the expertise, knowledge and sensitivity of the elders of the Pilbara into the digital age.”
Julie Walker, Manager Wangka Maya Aboriginal Language Centre
The Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre has launched a series of four immersive apps produced in its newly established Digital Innovation Hub.
Designed to preserve the Pilbara region’s indigenous languages, culture and history, the apps communicate traditional stories and knowledge with a unique indigenous perspective.
Pilurnpaya Ngurrinu (They found a bird) is a children’s story with audio told to Martu teacher Janelle Booth by children from Jigalong.
It features Martu Wangka and English readings of the story, plus colouring in images and extensive notes on the linguistic details on the Martu Wangka language.
Martu Wangka, or Wangkatjunga (Wangkajunga), is a variety of the Western Desert language that emerged during the 20th century in Western Australia as several indigenous communities shifted from their respective territories to form a single community. It is spoken in the vicinity of Christmas Creek and Fitzroy Crossing.
- Record your narration
- Colour in the illustrations
- Multiple languages


At the end of 2019, a highly contagious infection began its ominous conquest of the world. It was soon discovered that the disease was caused by a novel coronavirus designated as SARS-CoV-2, and the disease was thus abbreviated to COVID-19 (COVID). The global medical community has directed its efforts not only to find effective therapies against the deadly pathogen but also to combat the concomitant complications. Two of the most common respiratory manifestations of COVID are a significant reduction in the diffusing capacity of the lungs (DLCO) and the associated pulmonary interstitial damage. One year after moderate COVID, the incidence rate of impaired DLCO and persistent lung damage still exceeds 30%, and one-third of the patients have severe DLCO impairment and fibrotic lung damage. The persistent respiratory complications may cause substantial population morbidity, long-term disability, and even death due to the lung fibrosis progression. The incidence of COVID-induced pulmonary fibrosis caused by COVID can be estimated based on a 15-year observational study of lung pathology after SARS. Most SARS patients with fibrotic lung damage recovered within the first year and then remained healthy; however, in 20% of the cases, significant fibrosis progression was found in 5-10 years. Based on these data, the incidence rate of post-COVID lung fibrosis can be estimated at 2-6% after moderate illness. What is worse, there are reasons to believe that fibrosis may become one of the major long-term complications of COVID, even in asymptomatic individuals. Currently, despite the best efforts of the global medical community, there are no treatments for COVID-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we analyze the latest data from ongoing clinical trials aimed at treating post-COVID lung fibrosis and analyze the rationale for the current drug candidates. We discuss the use of antifibrotic therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the IN01 vaccine, glucocorticosteroids as well as the stromal vascular fraction for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with COVID-associated pulmonary damage.
Keywords: COVID-19; deupirfenidone; nintedanib; pirfenidone; pulmonary fibrosis; rehabilitation; treamid.


Parasitic nematodes in the genus Trichinella are commonly found in endothermic (warm-blooded) animals. The most common species, Trichinella spiralis, is found in many species of mammals. The infective larvae live in specialised capsules call "nurse cells" (which are muscle cells which have been heavily modified by the parasite), and they are transmitted into different mammalian host via carnivory or scavenging on carcasses. Trichinella zimbabwensis deviates somewhat from this pattern. While it is still transmitted to a new host via the ingestion of infected muscle tissue, unlike T. spiralis, it does not encapsulate and it is also found in reptilian hosts, specifically crocodiles. However, it does not occur exlusively in reptiles and can also infect mammals. Given that it is able to survive in both ectothermic and endothermic hosts, while other species of Trichinella can only survive in endothermic hosts in the wild, this raises intriguing questions about the evolutionary origin of the genus Trichinella.
For more details, see:
Pozio, E. et al. (2002) Trichinella zimbabwensis n.sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe also infecting mammals. International Journal for Parasitology 32:1787-1799.
Contributed by Tommy Leung.
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The Foundation of the Christian Religion Gathered into Six Principles, By William Perkins (1558-1602)
File Types: PDF, MOBI and ePub
eBook download price: $4.99
There is not much published by William Perkins except what has been published by Puritan Publications. We are working to publish more of Perkins, and this wonderful treatise covers the main points of the Christian religion so that the foundational truths of the Bible are understood clearly. Perkins says he wrote this in order to, “bring you to true knowledge, unfeigned faith and sound repentance, [in] the principal points of Christian Religion in six plain and easy Rules, even such as the simplest may easily learn; and hereunto is adjoined an Exposition of them word by word.” Perkins covers aspects of the Catechism, the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, and the institution of the two Sacraments so that they may be more easily understood.
This is not a scan or facsimile, has been updated in modern English for easy reading and has an active table of contents for electronic versions.


Dredging for Sustainable Infrastructure
The book Dredging for Sustainable Infrastructure gives state-of-the-art guidance on how to design, implement and manage a water infrastructure project with a dredging component to project owners, regulators, consultants, designers and contractors.
ReefGuard: A Scientific Approach to Active Reef Rehabilitation
ReefGuard, a mobile coral breeding facility provides a highly controlled environment to aid in integrating the breeding and outplanting of corals. This article gives a detailed look into how proven small-scale coral breeding techniques can be scaled-up and applied in practice to promote environmental gain around marine infrastructure projects.
Turbidity & Dredging
“Facts About Turbidity & Dredging” describes the characteristics of turbidity and the importance of measuring and monitoring turbidity during dredging.
Dredging Around Coral Reefs
“Facts About Dredging Around Coral Reefs” describes the strategies and care needed to preserve and protect coral reefs during dredging activities.
Coral reefs are valuable and sensitive natural assets that require special attention when dredging operations are planned.
Coral Relocation: A Mitigation Tool for Dredging and Reclamation Works at the Cruise Ship Terminal in Jamaica
To realise a state-of-the-art cruise terminal, a comprehensive environmental mitigation plan relocated some 150,000 soft and hard coral, sponges and numerous sea urchins, sea cucumbers, hermit crabs, conchs, sea stars and lobsters.
Environmental Monitoring for the Reconstruction of Vilufushi, Maldives
The sensitive coral reef environment surrounding Vilufushi demanded close attention and care as the island, which was devastated by the 2004 tsunami, was completely restored and enhanced.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease that seemingly hampers the ability of an individual to breathe. A latest study claims that COPD patients with systemic inflammation and dysregulated immune function have heightened chances of being diagnosed with herpes zoster. Known to be caused due to the virus that triggers chicken pox, herpes zoster appears as a painful, blistering skin rash.
Investigators conducted a cohort study by analyzing data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Cox regressions were performed to compare the hazard ratio (HR) of herpes zoster in the COPD cohort and in an age- and sex-matched comparison cohort. Patients suffering from COPD were segregated into three groups on the basis of steroid medications put to use. A total of 8,486 patients and 33,944 matched control patients were included in the investigation.
Scientists also considered potential confounding factors while ascertaining the risk of herpes zoster. Yang, K-H Wang from the Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University and colleagues found that incidences of herpes zoster were on a rise among COPD patients who did not take steroid medications. Having adjusted HR of herpes zoster, scientists registered a slightly greater risk for patients with COPD who inhaled corticosteroids only. The threat of herpes zoster appeared highest among those who used oral steroids.
In conclusion, it was asserted that COPD patients have more chances of herpes zoster and those employing oral steroids are under the greatest threat.


Emily Lakdawalla • Dec 03, 2009
Planetary Society Advent Calendar for December 3: Europa
From a distance, Jupiter's fourth largest moon Europa is the smoothest object in the solar system; its outline traces out a perfect circle. (Actually, before any pedants email me, I should amend that to say it's slightly elliptical, due to equatorial bulging from its spin, and also due to tides from Jupiter, but my point here is that the curve is unusually close to a mathematically exact one.) Seen up close, Europa bears almost no impact craters, an immediate clue to geologists that its entire surface has been reshaped recently enough that the vast majority of the impact craters that must have formed there in the past have been erased, wiped clean. The combination of smoothness and recent geologic activity strongly suggests volcanism, but the evidence for recent volcanism on Europa is pretty thin. Instead, seen very close, Europa is seamed with criscrossing paired ridges. In some places, its crust is broken up into jagged, tilted blocks that make it look as though the layer of liquid water that lies tens of kilometers underground somehow melted all the way through to the surface. For reasons that I'll state in more detail in my 365 Days of Astronomy podcast this Saturday, that's physically unlikely. Despite being a major focus of the Galileo mission, Europa is still pretty enigmatic. We need to go back!
More of Ted's awesome work on Europa can be found on his blog, particularly here.
Past advent calendar entries:
Each day in December I'm posting a new global shot of a solar system body, processed by an amateur. Go to the blog homepage to open the most recent door in the planetary advent calendar!
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Bhutan’s unique geographical attributes, such as mountainous landscape paired with an abundance of hydroelectric power reserves, have recently made it a prime location for cryptocurrency mining. As evidence of this, the country has proposed the creation of a $500 million fund specifically dedicated to crypto mining. It appears that Bhutan’s involvement with Bitcoin and other digital currencies extends to using them as a hedge against inflation and economic instability, in addition to diversifying their investment opportunities.
To take advantage of its resources, Bhutan plans to not only expand the presence of local crypto mining activities but also entice foreign players to invest in operations on Bhutanese soil. To achieve this, the government is offering a range of incentives such as tax exemptions, electricity rate reductions, and simplified regulations explicitly tailored to the crypto mining endeavors.
Ujjwal Deep Dahal, CEO of Druk Holding and Investments, the investment branch of Bhutan’s government, emphasizes the importance of embracing assets that are low volume, high value, or digital in nature to ensure competitiveness on a global scale while fostering economic development for the country.
Despite the appeal of Bhutan’s abundant resources and the growing interest in cryptocurrency mining, concerns related to the environmental impact must be taken into consideration. Critics argue that crypto mining can pose a threat to environmental sustainability. However, the Bhutanese government commits to overseeing eco-friendly operations to ensure that their crypto mining endeavors align with their goals of sustainable development.
Interestingly, while Bhutan allocates time, money, and effort into the expansion of its crypto mining capabilities, it is also focusing on more traditional financial systems by exploring the concept of a central bank digital currency (CBDC). Such initiatives emphasize the growing appeal of cryptocurrencies in developing countries, not only for investment purposes but to stimulate economic prosperity.
To conclude, the push for conscientious mining practices that also bolster sustainable development within Bhutan will be crucial for the success of its ambitious crypto mining project. If these efforts are executed correctly, they can potentially provide a powerful example of how the digital economy can blend with environmental preservation while enhancing the well-being of communities in developing countries.
Disclaimer: This article is provided for informational purposes only. It is not offered or intended to be used as legal, tax, investment, financial, or other advice.


Version: v1, Published online: 1998
Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/moral-knowledge/v-1
One possesses moral knowledge when, but only when, one’s moral opinions are true and held justifiably. Whether anyone actually has moral knowledge is open to serious doubt, both because moral opinions are so hard to justify and because there is reason to think moral opinions are expressions not of belief (which might be evaluated as true or false) but of taste or preference. A successful defence of the view that people do have moral knowledge requires assuaging these doubts. Attempts in this direction standardly emphasize the respects in which our moral opinions, and the evidence we have for them, are analogous to the opinions and evidence we have concerning nonmoral matters, such as logic, mathematics, science, psychology and history. In the process they attempt to show that we do have good reason to think some of our moral opinions are true.
Sayre-McCord, Geoffrey. Moral knowledge, 1998, doi:10.4324/9780415249126-L056-1. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis, https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/moral-knowledge/v-1.
Copyright © 1998-2023 Routledge.


R. J. Reynolds Building
Built in 1929, this twenty-one story building was the tallest in the United States south of Baltimore. The final cost was $2.4 million in 1929. ($33 million in 2019). It was a design inspiration for New York’s Empire State Building that was built three years later. Every year, the staff of the Empire State Building sends a Father’s Day card to the staff at the Reynolds Building to acknowledge its role as a predecessor.
The stock market crashed only a few months after the Reynolds Building was finished, and the subsequent Great Depression hurt the building’s leasing business. Even so, the building was more successful than most similar buildings at finding tenants; it rented many of the offices to organizations related to the tobacco industry – railroads, insurance companies, and attorneys.
The inscription “R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company” is still over the main entrance although today, it is a luxury hotel with the upper floors converted to private penthouse residences, one of many examples of how tobacco influence is fading in Winston-Salem.
For my first fifty-seven years, I nearly always lived in sight of the Reynolds Building. It was prominent on the skyline, and every evening its lights could be seen from miles away. As a small child on a Davie County farm, the road from our farm took us atop a hill where I could see the building about fifteen miles distant. It was an impressive sight and a symbol of the “big city” to a very young country boy. It seemed impossible that I would someday have an office in that building, where I worked for six years.
(Photo – Linda Weaver Studio)
Wikipedia. “Reynolds Building.” Last updated March 9, 2020. Accessed July 5, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_Building


The term "a sub discipline of genetics which deals with the genetic basis of the immune response" is the definition of the term "immunogenetics," which derives from the two words "immunology" and "genetics." The branch of medical immunology and medical genetics known as immunogenetics investigates the connection between the immune system and genetics. Immune system illnesses, like type 1 diabetes, are mind boggling hereditary attributes which result from surrenders in the resistant framework. New therapeutic targets may be found by identifying the genes that define the immune defects. Alternately, genetic variants can assist in defining the immunological pathway that leads to disease.
Related Tags: Human Genetics Gatherings | Genetic Conferences | Genetic Events | European Congress on Human Genetics | Human Genetics Meetings | Immunogenetics Summit | Immunogenetics Research Meetings | France Genetics Conferences | mtDNA Meetings | Genetic Disorders Meetings | Gobal Human Genetic Conferences 2023 | Immunology Conferences | Immunology Events | Immunology Gatherings
Related Associations: American Society of Human Genetics | Genetics Society of America | The European Society of Human Genetics | African Society of Human Genetics | Human Genetics Society of Australasia | Southern African Society for Human Genetics | The British Society for Genetic Medicine | The East Asian Union of Human Genetics Societies | National Society of Genetic Counselors | International Federation of Human Genetics Societies | German Society of Human Genetics | The Genetics Society


YOUR KING IS COMING TO YOU
- What strange errand & why did Jesus give two of his disciples at the outskirt of Jerusalem? (1-3) How did they obey the instructions? (4-6) What do you learn about Jesus in this incident?
- How did the disciples & the crowd respond? (7-10) Why did Jesus enter Jerusalem in this way? (Zech 9:9-10) Where did he go after the triumphal entry? (11) What do you learn about Jesus in this incident?
- When, where, why and how did Jesus curse a fig tree? (12-14) What might be Jesus’ message to the disciples? (20,21; Mt 3:10; Mk 3:1,2)
- What did Jesus do violently in the temple? (15,16) Why? (17; Isa 56:7; Jer 7:11; Ps 69:9) What do you learn about the purposes of God’s temple? How did the religious leaders respond? (18,19)
- What happened to the cursed fig tree in a day? (20,21) What was Jesus’ answer to Peter? (22) What does it mean to have faith in God? (23-25) What do you learn from his teaching?
- Why did the religious leaders question about Jesus’ authority? (27,28) What did Jesus ask them back? (29,30) What were theirs and Jesus’ answers? (31-33)


Everyone knows about veins and arteries, so why exactly is it that veins are always emphasized over arteries? There seem to be more problems that crop up with veins, and more articles to be written.
It’s not that veins are more important. It’s that they generally have a harder job. Unlike arteries, veins have to work against gravity–which is why all sorts of vein disease pop up.
To understand vein disease, you have to understand there isn’t just one type of vein. There are superficial veins, deep veins, and perforating veins. The superficial veins are the most shallow in the body, the deep veins the deepest, and the perforating veins connect the two.
The deep veins are the ones we’re worried about. When blood in the deep veins starts to backflow and pool up — deep venous thrombosis can occur. Meanwhile, superficial venous insufficiency occurs in the superficial veins, when those stop working properly.
You’re more likely to have heard of these veins — sometimes cosmetic issues, sometimes medical. Essentially, varicose veins are deep veins where pressure has built up — and reticular and spider veins are the superficial vein equivalents.
The basic cause of vein disease is valves that aren’t working properly. Veins work against gravity, and therefore have to produce more force. When the valves aren’t working properly, it means that blood can backflow and pool up, increasing blood pressure.
Are these issues to worry about? Varicose veins moreso than spider and reticular veins. Essentially, the deeper the vein issue, the more worrisome it is for your circulatory system.
While spider veins are typically just a cosmetic issue, varicose veins can point to much deeper medical issues.
Want to know more? Please call the Vein Center of Maryland today to schedule a consultation.
We are conveniently located in Westminster, Eldersburg, Baltimore, Hunt Valley and Bel Air.
We also service Ellicott City and Columbia in Howard County.


About the mysterious universe
Fortunately, researchers have never given up on the exploration of the universe. On the contrary, they are constantly developing their own abilities and want to speed up the pace of exploration of the universe. During this period, after humans gradually realized the vagaries of the universe, they even became more and more confused, and realized how small humans really are in the vast universe.
Some researchers believe that because human beings cannot reach the speed of light because of their scientific and technological strength, it is difficult to move quickly in the universe, which makes it impossible to reach the edge of the universe. Regarding the existence of the edge of the universe, we can only conduct a rough analysis based on the existing observation data.
Reasoning with the status quo
All guesses are based on analysis based on a certain basis. Although the results may not be 100% accurate, all conclusions are obtained through reasoning and have a certain degree of credibility.
Regarding the universe, researchers have sorted out three reasonable analyses. First, there is no substance in the periphery of the universe, and it is nothingness. The universe currently observed by human beings is not the whole picture of the universe. Second, people must have heard of the theory of parallel universes. It is very likely that there is another parallel world outside the universe. Thirdly, human beings on earth have always lived under the control of advanced civilizations, and human beings are like their test products.
In-depth investigation is still needed
The above three conjectures are based on the analysis made by scientific researchers based on the existing situation, what is there in the depths of the universe, where is the edge of the universe, and whether there are other more advanced intelligent civilizations in outer space.
The above-mentioned questions are still unable to get definite answers. The real answers behind them still need to wait for further investigation and exploration by scientific researchers. I believe that time will reveal all the mysteries.


You’re likely familiar with the smallest of all birds – the hummingbird. Found only in the Americas, these tiny aerial acrobats are important pollinators AND insect eaters, doing their part as flying pest controllers! They can use our help by providing them with the basics – shelter, water, and food. September 3, 2022 is National Hummingbird Day, and a good time to take a closer look at this extraordinary animal, and how to protect them.
Hummingbirds are one of the most diverse bird families in the world living in landscapes that consistently offer an abundance of flowers. Surprisingly, nectar represents only 20% of their diet. The spiders and insects they catch in midair and feed to their nestlings constitute the remaining 80%. A nesting female Anna’s hummingbird can capture up to 2,000 insects a day, consuming half their body weight in insects and nectar each day!
The ideal garden for hummingbirds is free of chemicals and a little messy. Besides diverse and bountiful flowering plants, it features tall trees for perching and nesting, water for bathing (a misting device is especially attractive), safety from domestic cats and tree trimmers during nesting season, and insects to feed on. Be especially careful about pesticides. Research by scientists at the University of Toronto finds that hummingbirds exposed to systemic neonicotinoid insecticides for even a short period of time can disrupt the high-powered metabolism of this important and charismatic animal. Hummingbirds prefer flowers that have bright colors, particularly red, yellow, and orange. The most important characteristic of hummingbird-pollinated flowers is that they are nectar rich. Hummingbirds will drink from flowers with sugar concentrations of 7 to 60 percent, but their ideal is about 24 percent sugar. (A soft drink is about half that.) If you use a hummingbird feeder, use one-quarter cup granulated sugar, mixed well with one cup of water. It creates the close to ideal 24 percent concentration.
The California Native Plant Society advises attracting and supporting hummingbirds by including nectar-rich plants in the garden, especially native plants that hummingbirds have evolved alongside and that depend on them for pollination. Native plants provide more nectar than non-natives, and studies show that hummingbirds prefer natives.
Here’s 10 Ways to Attract Hummingbirds to Your Garden. Watch this video to see these incredible birds up close, and click here to learn more about these amazing tiny garden jewels.


Note: This basic method works only for websites with extremely low security barriers. Websites with robust security details will not be susceptible to this kind of simple attack.
- 1Open the site you want to hack. Provide wrong username/password combination in its log in form. (e.g. : Username : me and Password: ' or 1=1 --)An error will occur saying wrong username-password. Now be prepared your experiment starts from here.
- 2Right click anywhere on that error page =>> go to view source.
- 5Then take a close look for "<_input name="password" type="password">"[without quotes] -> replace "<_type=password>" with "<_type=text>". See there if maximum length of password is less than 11 then increase it to 11 (e.g. : if then write )
- 6Just go to file => save as and save it anywhere in your hard disk with ext.html(e.g.: c:\chan.html)
- 7Reopen your target web page by double clicking 'chan.html' file that you saved in your hard disk earlier.• You see that some changes in current page as compared to original One. Don't worry.
- 8Provide any username [e.g.: hacker] and password [e.g.:' or 1=1 --] You have successfully cracked the above website and entered into the account of List user saved in the server's database.
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Call It Femicide: 30 Years Later
Today, we commemorate December 6th the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence against Women following the murder of 14 female engineering students at l’École Polytechnique de Montreal in 1989.
This day continues to be a poignant reminder of the ongoing work that needs to be done to end gender-based violence. Today is as important as it was in 1989 with the murders of the 14 women in Montreal. It reminds us how endemic and how much of an epidemic that violence against women is in Canada.
30 years later and the epidemic continues. In 2019, a total of 118 women, girls were killed by violence in Canada. On average, every three days, one woman or girl is killed in this country according to the #CallItFemicide report.
This is a reminder that women and girls do not experience violence as a coincidence –rather, gender-based violence is the result of structural, deep-rooted discrimination and cultural norms.
BWSS has been providing programs, services, support, and advocacy to end gender-based violence for forty years. Now, more than ever women, trans women, and gender non-binary folks are speaking out about their experiences. While societal attitudes are shifting, this new report is another reminder that our work must continue and that Canada still has a long road ahead before women and girls can live free without the fear of violence.
If you would like to support BWSS frontline work, donate here.


Eradicate Cystic Fibrosis
If we are going to eradicate Cystic Fibrosis we need to know what CF is, and then direct our efforts towards ridding the world of it. Here is a general explanation of Cystic Fibrosis.
A defect in the CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis (CF). This gene makes a protein that controls the movement of salt and water in and out of the body's cells. In people who have CF, the gene makes a protein that doesn't work well. This causes thick, sticky mucus and very salty sweat(1).
As a result, fluid in the lungs thickens and clogs up bronchioles and other airways making it very difficult to breathe. Take a straw, plug your nose, and breathe through the straw. This will give you an idea how difficult it is for CF patients to breathe on a daily basis.
When people hear and talk about CF/Cystic Fibrosis, they usually associate the disease with the lungs, but CF affects other functions, as well. The defective CF gene can cause the pancreas to malfunction resulting in a sticky mucus that prevents proper digestion and absorption of fats and proteins into the body(2). This can lead to poor growth in children and digestive issues throughout a person’s life(3).
Our goal, here at EchoVerse Comics, is to utilize your donations to produce the Cystic Fibrosis awareness comic book. Afterwards, we will sell the comic and donate the proceeds (as many hundreds of thousands of dollars as possible), to both Cystic Fibrosis families and CF foundations that work to find a cure for Cystic Fibrosis.
Together, we will ERADICATE CYSTIC FIBROSIS!


I often get often get asked by my students about how they can practice their speaking for the IELTS exam. Most students believe that there is nothing that they can do to work on their speaking at home without a teacher. However, this is not really true.
First of all, any kind of English study will assist with your speaking. For instance, when you are listening you are hearing someone else speaking and you can remember and copy some of the phrases they are speaking. Listening and reading are also a source of input, you will input correct grammar and vocabulary into your brain. Then when it comes to the output stage, your brain accesses the input.
There are also some more direct ways to improve your speaking. First off, you can work on your pronunciation. If you have problems with the “th” sound you can practice this in front of a mirror. Make sure you are getting your tongue out onto your teeth to make this sound correctly. In addition, you can record yourself and then listen to it afterwards. You could grab a novel and read it aloud. Even if no one hears you and gives feedback it is still going to improve your speaking. This is just the same as if you were a golf player and went out to the green and hit a ball around.
If you wish to speak to me online, I offer an online speaking service over SKYPE.


Kel has made the great suggestion of introducing some small world play at home, some of you may already do it without knowing. Here is a note from Kel;
We love using small world play at Pre-School, Autumn is the perfect time to go on a walk, as you stroll along pay attention to the natural materials all around you, collecting them as you go. You can then organise your own small world in a pot or a special place in the garden.
This can be a relaxing activity and perfect for creative play with your child/children.
Here are some things you can look out for on your walk: Shells, small stones, twigs, acorns, pine cones, pods, nuts, feathers, small flowers, moss, wood, small plants and succulents.
It’s a cost effective play exercise and will be hours of enjoyment.
Some information about Small World Play and the value it provides to your child’s learning:
Small World Play is creating real life scenarios using small figures and objects. They tend to be set up in themes (ones relevant and meaningful to your child) eg. Farm, Zoo, Dinosaur, Construction, City and often include a sensory element (grains, water, sand, nature, pasta) which adds another level to the learning.
There are many benefits to Small World Play to Children’s learning some include:
•emotional development – children are able to explore and develop their emotions, learning to verbalise emotions is an important development. During the current climate small world play gives children the opportunity to express how they are feeling in a relaxed way.
•problem solving skills – sharing, organising resources and planning the scenes.
•social skills – children will be able to communicate with their peers/siblings, listen to others, compromise and take turns whilst playing in their small worlds
•understanding the world.
To engage a child in small world play it is important to allow them to guide its theme, relating to their own interests, leave it set up for a couple of days at the least so they have the opportunity to continue to revisit and build on their previous experiences. Let them guide what is required, how it is going to be set up and how the play will fold out.


Notes on a page are not music. We musicians sometimes need to be reminded of this. It’s easy to lapse into an autopilot practice regimen, in which you sit down and play your sheet music for a half hour without ever really hearing the sounds you’re making.
Here’s some advice: Close your eyes and open your ears. (After you finish reading this article, of course.) Here are some tools to help you develop your ability to learn music through hearing, as opposed to reading, and train your ear.
Relative Pitch (iPhone/iPod)
This app helps you to recognize intervals between notes. It’s great for jazz improvisation especially; if you hit a note, and you need to know (or, rather, feel) where to go next, having a sense of note relationships is indispensable. The way it works is, you hear two notes played back to back and you then have to select the relationship between the notes (minor triad, unison, perfect octave, etc.). The levels get more difficult as you progress through the course. $6.99 in the app store
Karajan Pro Music and Ear Trainer (iPhone/iPod), by appsolute GmbH
While Karajan aims at piano players, all musicians will benefit from the ear training lessons provided in this app. Its lessons train you recognize pitch, intervals and chords, as well as tempo (BPM). $9.99 in the app store
Theta Music Trainer (website)
Theta Music Trainer aims to make ear training fun by creating games geared toward pitch recognition. The first few are free; access beyond that is restricted to paying members.
…Of course, if you don’t have time to actually train your ear, there’s always the auto-tune option. A new tutorial by Hal Leonard walks you through the best pitch correction software techniques.


Hazardous Waste can be described as waste that is chemically hazardous, physically hazardous or biologically hazardous. Household Hazardous Waste is considered left over household products that can catch fire, react or explode under certain circumstances, or are corrosive or toxic. Household Hazardous items include:
- Ant/Rodent Killer, Flea Powder, Banned Pesticides
- Any Spray Cans that are not completely empty
- Asphalt and Roof Tar
- Bleach, Ammonia, Cleaning Solvents, Spot Removers, Oven Cleaner
- Drain Cleaner, Window Cleaner, Disinfectants, Septic Tank Cleaner
- Garden Sprays and Dusts, Weed Killers
- Lacquers, Stains, Varnishes, Wood Preservatives
- Paint, Paint Thinners, Paint Stripper and Solvents
- Rust Inhibitor or Remover
- Waterproofers, Glues, and Cements
- Waste Oil, Antifreeze, Battery Acid, Gasoline, Brake and Transmission Fluid
Goodhue County is responsible for the collection and disposal of Household Hazardous Waste. They offer several Household Hazardous Waste Collection days each year. Please contact Goodhue County at 651.385.3107 for additional information. Dates for 2023 to be announced.
Waste Oil Filters & Fluorescent Lights
These items are not accepted for disposal at the Solid Waste Campus. Residents are encouraged to contact Goodhue County at 651-385-3105, for information on how to properly dispose of these items.


Why Grow Our Own Food?
- Students will be able to describe the importance of growing their own food and the importance of their Lab in the community.
Tools & Materials
- SMART Board
The value of each Edible Learning Lab is maximized when it serves its core purpose. Of course, the keystone is to educate young students arming them with the information they need to make healthy life choices moving forward and benefit from a lifelong relationship with food.
But the Lab also represents something else. A production level Lab – one with at least 48 hydroponic towers or substantial growing space outdoors – would be considered by most to be an urban farm. And as a functioning farm, the Lab would also be considered a business.
Your Lab might function as an urban farm selling directly to consumers and restaurants. It could also grow produce for your in-house dining service. Both hold the potential to generate revenue. So whether you are at that stage now or plan to be there after a future expansion, there are some decisions you should consider making today.
Evaluate the merits of each approach – selling to the community or growing specifically for your school – and determine which one is the most financially viable based on potential production. Consider the impact of any future expansion allowing your Lab to produce more.
Give the Advanced lesson a try now that you’ve completed the Intermediate Lesson! Or revisit the Beginner Lesson as needed.
This lesson, and all other lessons on this website, are intended for use by teachers in the classroom. These lessons are protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction or distribution of lesson content, supporting materials, or digital creative is prohibited with written permission from Modern Steader LLC.


The mental health and wellbeing of children and young people has been severely impacted over the last few years. Recent data from NHS Digital from September 2021 suggests that one in six young people now has a probable mental health disorder.
It has been well documented that a ‘whole-school approach’ to mental health has the best chance of supporting children’s wellbeing and their future educational attainment.
Join us for a programme packed with timely keynotes and practical workshops that will have a meaningful impact on your staff and students.
- Culture: ensure that your school/setting is a proactive, healthy setting that can self-regulate from students to staff members
- Engage: staff, students and parents with new approaches to develop a positive whole school approach for mental health and wellbeing
- Resilience: take-away practical strategies and resources to create a robust community, equipped to overcome adversity and thrive in uncertain times.
Key topic include:
Worry management, Anxiety, Low mood, Depression, Staff Wellbeing, SEMH, Engaging Parents and Carers, Developing the role of Senior Mental Health Leads, The cost of living crisis.
- Natasha Devon: student wellbeing
- Maria Wojciechowska-Caneda: student wellbeing
- Kelly Hannaghan: parent engagement
- Andrew Cowley: staff wellbeing.


4.5: Polycyclic Aromatics
- Page ID
Polycyclic aromatics are compounds containing two or more fused aromatic rings. These fused benzene rings share two carbon atoms between them. These are also called polycyclic benoid or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAHs are carcinogenic and highly toxic.
The naming system for PAHs is quite complex. A series of fused benzene rings that occur in a linear manner are called acenes.
Another form of fusion of benzene rings is angular fusion, or "annulation", which is, as its name implies, an angled fusion of the benzene rings.
Figure 1: Phenanthrene
Figure 2: Naphthalene
Naphthalene is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon since it is only a bicyclic molecule made up of two aromatic benzenes. The pi electrons in this molecule are even more delocalized than those in the simpler benzene molecule. Naphthalene is also planar and has 4n + 2 pi electrons (10) giving it the stabilizing and resonating aromatic properties shared with benzene.
Most Fused Benzenoid Hydrocarbons are aromatic
Aromaticity is a property that the majority of fused benzenoid hydrocarbons share. The extent to which each polycyclic molecule is aromatic varies. As shown above, the structural isomers of anthracene and phenanthrene are very similar molecules made up of three benzene rings. Anthracene is fused linearly, whereas phenanthrene is fused at an angle. This difference in fusions causes the phenanthrene to have five resonance structures which is one more than anthracene. This extra resonance makes the phenanthrene around 6 kcal per mol more stable.
- Vollhardt, Peter, and Neil Shore. Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function. 5th. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2007.
- Daley, Richard, and Sally Daley. "17.10 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Organic Chemistry. Daley. 5 July 2005. 26 Feb. 2009.


Key Messages from the UK Climate Resilience Programme
The three infographics below summarise the key successes and messages from the UKCR programme.
Developing Transdisciplinary Research
Ongoing Research Gaps
Programme themes and objectives
The UK Climate Resilience Programme has created some infographics illustrating the programme’s strategic themes and lasting legacy objectives.
Multiple Hazards was workstream (a) from the work package From climate hazard to climate risk. One paper that resulted from this project found that future climate change is likely to have a serious impact on two of the UK’s agricultural staples, dairy farming and potato growing.
Increases to agricultural hazards over the next 50 years
Communication of Uncertainty
Communication of Uncertainty was workstream (h) from the work package From climate hazard to climate risk. The project reviewed empirical studies from the cognitive and psychological sciences exploring non-experts’ responses to uncertain climate information. It was led by the University of Leeds and has now been completed.
Two infographics have been produced to communicate the findings from the project:
Evidence-based principles for effective communication of climate change information and associated uncertainty
Evidence-based recommendations for the visualisation of climate information
The UK-SSP project has developed shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) for the UK, to help answer key questions about the country’s resilience to climate change.
Here’s a visual overview of the UK-SSPs project
Improving Climate Hazard Information
This Met Office work package focuses on improving climate hazard information, viewed in the context of being able to use the information as part of quantifying climate risks.
Extreme rainfall during autumn
Improved quantification of future changes to UK City temp extremes
Initial implementation of risk assessment frameworks with UKCP18
Work package (c) of the From Climate Hazard to Climate Risk project is on ‘Initial implementation of risk assessment frameworks with UKCP18’. This work package has translated raw climate projections into more impact relevant metrics, such as the change in frost days or extreme rainfall over the UK, and provides them for different levels of future global warming from 1.5°C above pre-industrial times up to 4°C of global warming.
Global warming and future high impact weather in the UK


Societal concern (both real and imagined) over coastal erosion and flooding, often results in construction of sea defences to protect property. Sea defences are, however, damaging to the natural ecosystems that provide quantifiable ecosystem services to the human population. Protection of property is, however, the most common driving force behind construction of sea defences and the basis of any associated economic appraisals. Protection of the coastal ecosystem (sedimentary, biological and chemical) while commonly implied in strategic documents (e.g. Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, OSPAR Convention), remain largely aspirational notions that currently have a much lower priority, or none at all, in sea defence decision-making. Under this anthropic view of coastal protection it is not surprising that defence structures proliferate. In many instances, shoreline armouring is considered on a case by case basis with little regard to the cumulative effects. This is true whether or not there is a strategic approach to coastal protection. In this paper the Northern Ireland coast is used as a case study to document the nature and extent of shoreline protection structures associated with sandy beaches. The nature and extent of sea defence structures were documented from a low-level oblique helicopter-based photographic survey and mapped in a GIS. The implications for the coastal ecosystem are considered. A sustainable approach to shoreline management demands a balance between protection of property and preservation of coastal ecosystem services.
|Early online date||2 Mar 2016|
|Publication status||Published online - 2 Mar 2016|
- Sea defences
- stabilization ecosystem services
- climate change
- Sea defence


Native American Cultures and Clothing: Native American Is Not a Costume
Dressing up as a Native American is never appropriate. For years, classrooms across the country have included special days where students "dress up" as Native Americans for different celebrations and lesson activities. Often, the outfits people wear to look "Indian" have nothing to do with Native people and cultures. Native American cultures are vastly diverse and have a wide range of traditions that determine the clothing and adornment Native people wear. "Dressing up" as Native Americans gives students a generalized and inaccurate perspective on Native cultures and identities. Often, these costumes suggest that Native cultures exist only in the past. We promote lessons and activities that share the continuance and creativity of Native American life and cultures.
We ask that you and your students specifically refrain from making or wearing Native masks, headdresses, or imitations of either. We promote teaching about specific Native traditions without adapting them into your classroom. For example, in some Native communities, masks and headdresses are worn only by specific people who have particular abilities, have achieved a specific status, or possess certain cultural knowledge.
Today, many Native Americans wear traditional clothing for social and ceremonial occasions. In some Native cultures, people wear their traditional clothing every day. Traditional clothing, or regalia, is an important and lively aspect of Native cultures. Many Native American artists and designers integrate contemporary fashion and tradition to celebrate their unique and vibrant heritage. Today, Native identity is shaped by many complex social, political, historical, and cultural factors.