Fearless Women: Feminist Patriots from Abigail Adams to Beyoncé
When America became a nation, a woman had no legal existence beyond her husband. If he abused her, she couldn’t leave without abandoning her children.
Abigail Adams tried to change this, reminding her husband John to “remember the ladies” when the Founders wrote new laws in 1776. He simply laughed—and women have been fighting for their rights ever since.
Fearless Women tells the story of women who dared to take destiny into their own hands. They were feminists and antifeminists, activists and homemakers, victims of abuse and pathbreaking professionals. Fueled by an unshakeable sense of right and wrong, and inspired by national ideals drawn from the anti-patriarchal writings of John Locke, they wouldn’t take no for an answer. In time, they carried the country with them.
Elizabeth Cobbs is a prize-winning historian, novelist, and documentary filmmaker. Author of nine books, she has served on jury for the Pulitzer Prize and the Historical Advisory Committee of the U.S. State Department. She has written for the New York Times, Financial Times, and Washington Post. A Stanford Ph.D., Cobbs holds the Melbern Glasscock Chair at Texas A&M. In 2020, the U.S. Army Signal Corps Association named her Brevet Colonel for unearthing the story of the “Hello Girls,” America’s first women soldiers. At age 23, Cobbs won the Rockefeller Youth Award for “a significant contribution to the well-being of mankind.”


Majority of the women undergoing a miscarriage probably experience depression. Well, it seems that this depression continues even after giving birth to a healthy baby. A groundbreaking study initiated by the University of Bristol suggests that women experiencing depression and anxiety after a miscarriage can continue to face these symptoms even if they subsequently go on to have a healthy child.
The investigation is based on the Children of the 90s study (ALSPAC) which reveals that mental health problems related to miscarriage or stillbirth do not always end with the birth of a healthy child. In fact, women possibly continue to experience symptoms for several years after the postnatal period. In this study, a total of 13,133 pregnant women involved in ALSPAC were asked to report the number of previous miscarriages and stillbirths they had experienced. Also symptoms of depression and anxiety were examined twice during their pregnancy, at 18 and 32 weeks. Depression and anxiety symptoms were also evaluated four times after giving birth, at eight weeks, eight months, 21 months and 33 months.
“Our study clearly shows that the birth of a healthy baby does not resolve the mental health problems that many women experience after a miscarriage or stillbirth. This finding is important because, when assessing if a women is at risk of antenatal or postnatal depression, previous pregnancy loss is usually not taken into account in the same way as other risk factors such as a family history of depression, stressful life events or a lack of social support. We know that maternal depression can have adverse impacts on children and families. If we offer targeted support during pregnancy to women who have previously lost a baby, we may be able to improve health outcomes for both the women and their children,” added lead author, Dr Emma Robertson Blackmore of the University of Rochester Medical Center in the USA.
While 10,310 study subjects had no history of miscarriages, 2,823 women forming 21 percent registered one or more previous miscarriages. Among the participants 108 representing 0.5 percent had one previous stillbirth and just three women went through two previous stillbirths. Women who had lost a baby in the past supposedly experienced extremely high levels of anxiety and depression during pregnancy. These symptoms reportedly continued for almost three years after giving birth to a healthy baby.
The study is published online by the British Journal of Psychiatry.


Vermont Garden Journal: The Ease Of Growing Popcorn
I've always shied away from growing corn. It takes up space and then there's the raccoons. I just wasn't into the electric fence and netting that other gardeners use to protect their sweet corn. Instead, I've started growing popcorn. Raccoons don't seem to care for it and it's a lot easier to grow than you'd think.
Popcorn is an ancient and nutritious grain. The oldest known popcorn dates back 5,600 years and was found in caves in New Mexico. The traditional way to eat popcorn is by cooking it over an open fire. The popped kernels are nibbled off the ear. Native Americans even made popcorn beer and popcorn soup.
Popcorn needs full sun, water, fertile soil and enough plants for proper pollination. Try varieties such as 'Robust,' 'White Cloud' and 'Strawberry.' The kernels may be different colors, but they all pop to white or pale yellow. Some will even pop into different shapes such as butterflies or mushrooms depending on the variety.
Harvest once the husks turn brown and the kernels are hard and brightly colored. Hang the husked ears in a warm, well-ventilated location to dry. The key is getting the kernel moisture to 14 percent. When exposed to hot temperatures, the moisture turns to steam and the kernels pop. If too dry or wet, it won't pop properly. Once at a "popable" stage, store kernels in glass jars in a cool, dark location.
Now for this week's tip: once gladiolus leaves turn yellow, dig up the corms, cut off the foliage and dry them. Remove the older bottom corm and store the younger top corm in mesh bags in a cool, dark basement.


Fortune cookies. Do they really bring luck and predict the future?
Have you probably seen scenes of Chinese restaurants serving fortune cookies in the movies?
They break them, eat the cookies themselves, and pull out a scrap of paper with a short prediction.
This unusual dessert dates to the 12th century when Chinese soldiers relied on short messages written
on rice paper and hidden in the Moon Pie to secretly pass the details of their defense strategies against Mongol invaders.
Legend has it, the Mongols had no idea about lotus nut butter. So the Chinese successfully replaced the Moon Pie filling with a message containing details of their military operation plans.
Following the instructions hidden in Moon Pies, the revolutionary Yuan Chu Chang disguised as a priest and entered the city walls where these pies were distributed. According to an ancient Chinese tradition, the parents of a newborn bake cookies where they hide a message announcing the birth.
At first, cookie messages contained proverbs or phrases from the Scriptures. By 1930, English versions of messages with Confucian logic appeared. Some writers have adopted the American bias, inspired by the Poor Richard's Almanack. Modern fortune cookies often offer Bible verse scraps, love or career predictions, and even more.
Fortune Cookies beats two birds with one stone: treats and entertains. No, even three birds. The third one brings good luck and predicts the future. Such is the unique multifunctional dessert.
Fortune Cookies are hollow inside crispy dough cookies with a scrap of paper on the inside with a printed short prediction. They are usually served with the Chinese restaurant bill, but you can, of course, buy them almost everywhere nowadays. We are even sure that it's possible to order fortune cookies online. People choose a cookie, break it and read the fortune cookie message with a prediction.
Their origin is vague and unclear, and there are several reasonably reliable versions. Even though this dessert is associated with Chinese culture, they were most likely invented in the USA. According to one version, the crispy treat originates from an ancient Chinese game of the nobility and upper classes, the participants of which pulled pieces of paper with themes out from rolled cakes and came up with appropriate wise sayings on the topic.
Surprisingly, sometimes Fortune Cookies do bring good luck. For example, Danny Williams from Essex County won half a million dollars in the summer of 2008 by writing the numbers he found in such a cookie on a lottery ticket.


In 1917, Ex-President Teddy Roosevelt was staying at the Long Island village of Oyster Bay, New York. At the time Woodrow Wilson was president. And World War I was raging on. In this short news reel, he is seen calling on Oyster Bay neighbors during Christmas in 1917.
The Roosevelts had been spending time in Oyster Bay since 1874. Oyster Bay would frequently seen as a backdrop and stage for many of his ambitions. 20 Sagamore Hill Drive in Oyster Bay was the primary residence for the Roosevelts from 1886 and for the rest of their lives. Sagamore served as the “Summer White House” during the seven summers he was in office (1902–1908). Sagamore Hill is now a National Historic Site.
Teddy died two years later. He and his wife, Edith, are buried at Youngs Memorial Cemetery in Oyster Bay Cove, New York.
Footage overview: Opening scene of a man, woman, and two children with presents walking up to a house in Oyster Bay, New York. One child enters house, comes back out, then the woman enters; two older girls stand in doorway; Teddy Roosevelt, carrying a present, walks up to the house; final scene is of Teddy Roosevelt talking with group as they all pose while a small girl peeks out of the door.
Roosevelt, Theodore, International Newsreel Corporation, and Theodore Roosevelt Association Collection. TR calls on neighbors at Christmas. [United States: s.n., ?, 1917] Video. https://www.loc.gov/item/mp76000306/.
Roosevelt, Theodore, Archibald B Roosevelt, William P Helm, Associated Press, Pathé Frères, Roosevelt Memorial Association, and Theodore Roosevelt Association Collection. Scenes of TR at Sagamore Hill. [S.l.: Pathé Frères, 1912] Video. https://www.loc.gov/item/mp76000076/.
Kenneth C. Zirkel, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
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Native to the western United States and Mexico, and found throughout California south into Mexico and east to Colorado.
This is a very fast moving, aggressive ant, and while it cannot sting it will readily bite and cause a stinging sensation with a spray of formic acid. Colonies may contain several thousand workers, all of the same size, and nests are usually associated with wood. This may be a rotting tree root system in the soil, hollow trunks or trees, or old tree stumps, and they can often be found foraging up and down very tall tree trunks, feeding on honeydew or on other insects. They commonly invade structures, particularly where tree limbs contact the building, and forage within.
This is a single-node species that may be confused with some smaller species of carpenter ants. However, it does not have a small circle of hairs around the anal opening, and unlike the shiny cuticle of carpenter ants this species has a more velvety appearance, especially on the abdomen which is covered with short hairs. The color arrangement is a black head, red thorax, and black abdomen that looks satiny when viewed from above. The thorax has an evenly rounded profile, but it somewhat more elongate than the carpenter ants, and without the distinct vertical posterior end of the segment.
Characteristicts Important to Control:
Control of most ants includes correction of the attractions that drew them to a property, including harborage sites, food sources, and moisture conditions. Elimination of insects that provide protein or honeydew sources reduces ant foraging in an area, very important for this species, and cleanup of unnecessary debris or objects on the soil that provide harborage eliminates nesting. Ant bait products in granular, liquid, or gel formulations can be effective, and protein baits may be preferred. Locating the nest of these ants is critical, and if it is found treatment directly into the nest with a residual dust insecticide can be effective.


Scientists are reporting evidence that contrary to our current beliefs about what is possible, intact double-stranded DNA has the “amazing” ability to recognize similarities in other DNA strands from a distance. Somehow they are able to identify one another, and the tiny bits of genetic material tend to congregate with similar DNA. The recognition of similar sequences in DNA’s chemical subunits, occurs in a way unrecognized by science. There is no known reason why the DNA is able to combine the way it does, and from a current theoretical standpoint this feat should be chemically impossible.
Implications–down the road, oh way way down the road–for understanding of recombination errors, which are factors in cancer, aging, and other minor things like that. Plus it’s, y’know, cool: spooky DNA telepathy. (Via Cindy.)
3 thoughts on “spooky DNA telepathy”
This makes me think of Neal Stephenson's “Anathem,” which has as a fairly major plot point the theory that the human brain works via quantum entanglement. There is some weird Platonic World & Kant's brain-box & suchlike going on in that book.
I haven’t read it. But, yep, quantum entanglement is a nifty concept.
Once it was a bunch of little DNAs floating in warm Ur-soup. Somehow they seperated and became an amazing variety of creatures. But it doesn’t surprise me if they’re trying to get back together. Ain’t it a wonderful world.
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Resilient Design for Human Capital/Human Development-based Buildings
From case studies of architect- and non-architect-designed buildings confronted by natural and manmade disasters of the recent past, this paper extracts exemplary cases of mitigation, adaption, and transformation design responses to disaster instances in first and third world sites at building and town scales.
Cases prepared with graduate students in courses on resilience and research methods studied these tenets of resilience that readily mapped onto architecture (i.e., simple cores/complex edges, modularity). Further, the case method pedagogy challenged students to make architectural decisions before, during, and after disasters. Selected disaster mitigation strategies are abbreviated for (a) post-earthquake school design in Port au Prince, Haiti, (b) future disaster adaptation designs in New Orleans 9th Ward housing post-Hurricane Katrina, and (c) post-tornado transformative building designs that changed the identity of small town Greensburg, Kansas.
Efforts to better ascertain critical roles for architects during relatively predictable disaster events (i.e., hurricanes, flood, wildfire, storm surge, sea level rise) are explored and illuminated.
keywords: Resilience theory, human development, case method pedagogy for decision-making
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Description of the Project:
This project was aiming to raise awareness and building the professionals capacity in the proper insulation techniques and the solar water heaters. During the project duration about 1,500 engineer, contractor, and home owners has participated in the training courses and awareness sessions that was developed under this project.
The training courses were developed by specialized experts, where various parties from the public and private sectors were attracted in participating in such trainings. The courses where mainly focused on how to improve the solar water heater networks to reduce water loss resulting from faulty installation of the infrastructure. Also provided an introduction of the appropriate thermal insulation materials and codes corresponding to the surfaces in the home and the walls.
One of the main outputs of the project was the design and development of an electronic calculator, the first of its kind in the MENA region, the calculator calculates and provides the specific amount of provision that results from the thermal insulation and the amount of the wasted water when the installation and the solar heater are used incorrectly.
For more information about the Electronic Calculator, please send your request to firstname.lastname@example.org
· US Agency For International Development (USAID)
· March 2012 – December 2014


Gauntlets with metal plates were first mentioned in the last decade of the XIII century. Before this, gloves were made of leather soaked in wax and were reinforced by iron, steel or brass plates. The construction of brigandine gauntlets of this period was similar to the way a coat of plates was made. Steel plates were fixed upon durable fabric or leather and were often placed between two layers of cloth. In approximately 1340, steel plates on this type of gloves became larger, but smaller in quantity. Brigandine type gauntlets were found in the Visby site in Gotland, Sweden. They have a large knuckle shaped plate and smaller narrow plates. Finger scales overlap each other and the cuff is made with linear steel bands.
The most common shape of steel gauntlets — called “hourglass” — appeared in the second half of the XIV century and displaced other types of medieval hand protection. Some good examples of the hourglass gauntlets are preserved in the armor collection of Churburg Castle in Italy. Another pair belonging to Edward of Woodstock, called the Black Prince, is represented in Canterbury Cathedral, United Kingdom.
Our Brigandine Gauntlets are made to satisfy both historical aesthetics and the protective needs of modern fighters. The knuckles consist of two parts and all steel elements are riveted to the base material. The cuffs are composed of eight steel bands attached by four rivets each. These bands have a slightly triangular shape to provide a tight fit at the wrist. Thanks to this design, the external edge of the cuff is wider. Each Brigandine Gauntlet is equipped with two leather straps which can be used to regulate the width of cuffs to best fit with your vambraces. Each Brigandine Gauntlet has a sewn leather glove inside. This hand protection can be used in historical medieval combat and you can complete it with armor parts that are made in the same style, such as :
Churburg Style Brigandine
Brigandine Arms with Splinted Segments
Brigandine Legs with Splinted Segments
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Researchers at Lehigh University have received a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop an antibiotic delivery system to target aggressive gum infections, according to a news release from the university.
The group, led by chemical and biomolecular engineering associate professor Angela Brown, PhD, is developing a liposomal-based method to kill the periodontitis-causing leukotoxin while protecting immune cells that fight infection.
"Leukotoxin fights the body’s immune response by binding with cholesterol in the membrane of white blood cells, disrupting the membrane and killing the cells," Brown explained. "So we’re creating a liposome that has cholesterol, and we’re hoping that all or most of the toxin will bind onto the liposome instead of the host cells. When the toxin binds to the liposome, it should cause a release of the antibiotics, killing the disease-causing bacteria," she said.
The NIH grant will support the cell culture work Brown's lab will perform to determine if the approach protects the host cells from the toxin while simultaneously killing the bacterial cells. The ultimate goal is to provide an alternative method of delivering antibiotics to treat aggressive periodontitis, Brown added.


By Theo Keeping and Olivia Haas
On Friday 15th July 2022, the UK Met Office issued its first ever Red Warning for exceptional heat. Over the following two days, temperatures across the UK broke records, reaching 40.3°C in England, 37.1 °C in Wales and 34.8°C in Scotland. The weather drove a sharp response in wildfire risk, with major wildfire incidents declared in London and Surrey.
- Higher daily maximum temperatures result in a sharp increase in wildfire risk – with all other factors being equal. Consequently, this results in more wildfire starts, more rapid wildfire spread, and hotter fires. All of which challenge fire services.
- The frequency with which daily temperature extremes occur will increase exponentially with shifts to the global mean temperature – resulting in serious changes to wildfire risk globally.
Extreme heat will become more common as the probability of temperature maximums fall exponentially at high values. This means small shifts to the average temperature can have a huge impact on how often we might see extreme highs – such as 40°C in the UK.
Wildfire response to heat
For a wildfire to spread, there must be dry and sufficient fuel. Higher temperatures cause more rapid and complete drying of vegetation. Dry vegetation ignites more easily and fire spreads more rapidly through it, meaning a small blaze can quickly get out of hand. In addition, the heat of wildfires is also increased with drier fuel, making it harder for fire services to manage the blaze.
Many regions for which wildfire has not been a serious historic risk will be forced to confront a regime in which fires are much more frequent and severe. We will need to employ strategies such as managing fuel loads by clearing vegetation understories, allowing natural regrowth and ensuring easy access routes. This will not only help reduce the speed and intensity of future wildfires. Furthermore, it will provide quicker access for fire services, which is essential for stopping fire spread.
Theo Keeping (University of Reading) and Olivia Haas (Imperial College London) are PhD students of Leverhulme Wildfires and LEMONTREE. Read more about their projects on nowcasting the risk of wildfires, and on CO2 impacts fire regimes and their consequences for biodiversity.


When you visit your Stamford dentist because you’re experiencing dental pain, the recommended treatment may be root canal surgery. In an attempt to avoid extracting a permanent tooth, your Stamford dentist will perform root canal surgery. This article outlines the ABCs of root canal surgery to help you understand each step of the procedure.
Understanding the anatomy of a tooth is pivotal to having a good understanding of root canal surgery and what it entails. Each tooth is made up of the top layer, enamel, followed by dentin, a hard material that helps to protect the root of your tooth. The pulp, which provides nourishment to the tooth is what can become inflamed, causing dental pain and infection. Your Stamford dentist will remove the infected part of your tooth by performing root canal surgery.
Before beginning root canal surgery, your Stamford dentist will numb the area around the tooth, and proceed to create a small opening by drilling through the enamel and dentin. Then, using special endodontic files along with irrigation, your Stamford dentist will remove the infected tissue. Your Stamford dentist may decide that your tooth needs additional support, and will place a post inside the canal of your tooth before filling. At this point in the root canal surgery, your Stamford dentist will prepare to fill the opening with a material called gutta-percha. The root canal surgery is now complete, and your Stamford dentist will then make arrangements for a crown or cap to be made and placed over the treated tooth.


A Room with 4 Views
Updated: Oct 24, 2019
When I was asked to teach presentation techniques a good few years back, I hadn't had much experience with conveying messages to an audience - I had a strong feeling I could do it, but wasn't exactly sure what to say and how, never mind selecting materials and their order etc. etc. (Those of you who are presentation aces will remember those days, haha! Those who were just given the task, it's OK, don't fret - breathe in, breathe out... take one step at a time, you'll manage!)
Books, sites and all advice aside, after the first two-three teaching sessions, it became apparent that students learn best when you SHOW them how to DO stuff - meaning, in quite a few cases, literally putting the pencil/marker/brush into their hand and support their hand with mine as we drew lines together (which is why those Youtube videos don't really work in conquering paralyzing fear when it comes to ACTUALLY learning how to draw). It was a bit easier when it came to colouring, though it still involved those darn hand strokes. And believe me, if you want your lines to be straight, you just have to keep drawing them! Kinda like the multiplication table: you repeat it until you learn it - you can't do equations without that. That is, if you need to do equations... :))
This being said, I created one exercise which helped a lot with rendering techniques for presentation purposes: I drew the perspective of a room in pencil and then rendered it in four different techniques: pencil, monochrome ink and marker, colour pencils and markers, and watercolours. I gave each student four copies of the line-drawing and we focused on a rendering technique at a time. They really enjoyed the exercise and some built a lot of confidence in the process!
Here are those four initial renderings, enjoy! And maybe try this idea out. :)
#rendering #techniques #ink #watercolours #pencildrawing #markers #students #school


Begin your research using reference resources to get an overview of a topic, definitions, authoritative names in the subject field, major dates or timelines, bibliographies leading to additional resources, and keywords or vocabulary terms to use for database searching.
Different types of reference sources include dictionaries, encyclopedias, bibliographies, companions and handbooks.
"A collection of songs from the musical stage, categorized by voice type. The selections are presented in their authentic setting, excerpted from the original vocal scores." There are multiple volumes for each voice type. Contents: Soprano (5 v.) -- Mezzo-soprano/Alto (1 v.) -- Mezzo Soprano/Belter (3 v.) -- Tenor (5 v.) -- Baritone/Bass (5 v.) -- Duets (2 v.)
The Canadian Encyclopedia, updated online by Historica Canada, includes the former Encyclopedia of music in Canada, still the most authoritative first point of reference for researching the music of Canada. Search musical theatre as a topic, or musicals or performers by name.
Continuum encyclopedia of popular music of the world. Music Ref. ML102 .P66 C66 11 vols.
Oxford Reference Online - Performing Arts


Francois de La Rochefoucauld (1613 – 1680) was a French author. Born into one of the most prestigious families of the French nobility, his education was augmented with military exercises, hunting, and court etiquette. At the age of seventeen he joined the army, and fought bravely in several campaigns over the years. He was widely recognized as a moralist and a man of letters. Out of his extensive writings, La Rochefoucauld only published two works, his most famous being Maximes.
Quotes by Francois de La Rochefoucauld…
Love of justice in most men is only the fear of suffering from injustice.
There is a kind of elevation which does not depend on fortune. It is a certain air which distinguishes us, and seems to destine us for great things; it is a price which we set upon ourselves.
Narrowness of mind is the cause of obstinacy — we do not easily believe what is beyond our site.
We would desire few things ardently if we had a perfect knowledge of what we were desiring.
However evil men may be, they dare not appear to be enemies of truth, so when they persecute it, they pretend to believe that it is error, or say it is capable of crimes.
Nothing so much prevents our being natural as the desire of appearing so.
We are upset at being deceived by our enemies, and betrayed by our friends, and yet we are often content to be deceived by ourselves.
A man often fancies that he guides himself, when he is actually guided by other people, and while his mind aims at one objective, his heart insensibly draws him towards another.
We easily pardon in our friends those faults which do not affect our own interests.
Few people are more often in the wrong than those who cannot bear to be wrong.


Antimicrobial adverse drug reaction form
PDF 182 KB
To document a suspected reaction to an antimicrobial drug
Patients who have an allergic reaction to a sulfonamide antibiotic should not be labelled as ‘allergic to sulfur’.
There is no cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antibiotics and non-antibiotic sulfonamides (e.g. sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drugs or diuretics such as frusemide). The only exception is sulfasalazine (Salazopyrin, Pyralin) – avoid sulfonamide antibiotics in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to sulfasalazine, and vice versa.
Cross-reactivity between antibiotic sulfonamides is estimated to be approximately 10%.
More information on sulfonamide allergies is available from Australian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) website
Carbapenems available in Australia include:
The beta-lactam core structure of carbapenems is significantly different to penicillins and the risk of cross-reactive allergy to carbapenems in those who are allergic to penicillins is negligible.
Due to their broad spectrum, carbapenems are usually administered in the hospital setting where a drug challenge can be considered if required.


The cost of living in Switzerland is high compared with the rest of Europe. Nonetheless, the average household manages to save over one-tenth of its income.
Household income and expenditure
The average monthly household income in Switzerland was CHF 10,079 in 2014. 63.1% came from salaries, 12.5% from self-employed work, 4.3% from returns on assets and rental income, 18.9% from social insurance pensions, and 1.2% from monetary transfers by other households.
In 2014 Swiss households spent an average of CHF 8,927 per month, of which CHF 2,736 (27.1%) went on social security contributions, taxes and health insurance, CHF 642 (6.4%) on food and alcohol-free beverages, CHF 1,488 (14.8%) on rent and energy bills, CHF 827 (8.2%) on travel costs and CHF 571 (5.7%) on leisure activities and culture. On average, they saved CHF 1,544 (15.3%).
Switzerland is an expensive country. Price levels in 2015 were 63% higher than the European Union average. In March 2017 they exceeded French price levels by 54%, German levels by 59% and Italian levels by 61%. Only Iceland was as expensive as Switzerland (2% more expensive). Measured by Switzerland’s high wages, the country is not more expensive from a global perspective. In 2015, a person working in Switzerland would have to work for 5 minutes in order to afford a loaf of bread, compared to the 19 minute global standard. The same applies to rice (5 minutes work in Switzerland, 18 minutes globally).
In recent years, prices in Switzerland have fluctuated wildly as a result of the 2007-2008 financial crisis and troubles in the Eurozone. In 2016, the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) went down by 0.8% against the previous year, which also recorded a decrease of 0.8% (between 2014 and 2015). Examples of the HICP going up were in 2008 (+2.4%) and 2010 (+0.6%). The strength of the Swiss franc against the euro and other currencies has meant that imported goods have become considerably cheaper.


A British newspaper, the Telegraph, reports today that archaeologists working on a tiny island off the coast of Madeira have recovered a 1st or 2nd century A.D. iron nail from what was once a Knights Templar stronghold. The story’s headline reads: “A Nail from Christ’s Crucifixion Found?”
I’d say the Telegraph editors are taking a few liberties here. Yes, the nail was reportedly found in a decorated box on the island, and yes, the Knights Templar served as a fighting unit in the Crusades during the 12th century, occupying Jerusalem for a time. But there is absolutely nothing to suggest that Roman soldiers employed this particular nail in the crucifixion of Christ. In medieval times, charlatans peddled a wide assortment of fake relics in the Holy Land: this could certainly be one of them.
The report of the nail is clearly a hoax:
This blog also shreds the story and the sloppy reporting:


The main methods used to treat the disorders are drug therapy and therapeutic therapy. It is usually up to the patient to choose whether to start both treatments at the same time or with only one method. For certain more severe disorders or forms, it is impossible to start therapeutic treatment without prior medical treatment. For example, in the case of major depression, a person is often so tired and exhausted that he is unable to think about the roots of his problems - in order to regain thinking, it is necessary to encourage the patient with medication before it is possible to seek therapeutic treatment. It is also not possible for patients with psychosis to get rid of positive symptoms without taking antipsychotics.
Medications sometimes have side effects that may initially make the patient worse - for example, they may get worse or have anxiety; sleep problems or weight fluctuations may also occur. It is always a good idea to talk to your doctor about possible side effects before starting treatment. When it comes to medication, it is extremely important to follow the doctor's prescriptions and not to stop treatment arbitrarily! Otherwise, there is a chance that the patient's situation will get worse than it used to be. Because medications often affect a variety of bodily functions, the first prescribed medications may not be the most appropriate for the patient. In this case, the patient should consult a doctor immediately!
The aim of therapy is to develop more positive thinking and coping mechanisms in cooperation with a specialist in order to treat mental disorders and traumas. There are many different forms of therapies (eg cognitive-behavioral therapy, scheme therapy, family therapy) and they can be used alone or in combination with drug therapy.


Maria Montessori said, “Play is the work of the child”. When children are allowed to learn through play they can satisfy their curiosity about the world, learn, and have fun all at the same time. Often, children think the reason to play a game is to win. Over 70% of children quit organized sports by age 13. Most stop playing because it is not fun anymore and they are being pressured to perform at a high level. I hope we can play a part in changing this statistic. Most young people love to be active. But sometimes adults can take the fun out of the game. I hope the Montessori method provides a guide toward achieving the goal of having fun while getting better and competing all at the same time.
Yoga, mindfulness, and individual skills activities are common in our gym. When we play games in the gym, they are mostly small-sided and include many opportunities for all learners to participate in a variety of ways, a floor hockey game, for example, may include multiple pucks. When we play badminton we rotate opponents often and don’t keep score. The goal is to provide as many chances to hit the birdie as possible in the 30-minute session, not to find out who is best so they can join the local elite team.
Montessori’s peace education is at the core of each activity. Respect for yourself, others, and the environment are the most important rules we all follow each day in the gym. These rules are simple and general for a reason, they mean different things to a kindergartener than they do to a junior high learner. Even as adults, if we can follow these three simple rules, peace will often follow.
Physical education provides an opportunity to learn how to be a positive member of the community through problem-solving, self-reflection, and conflict resolution. The main goal of physical education is to help learners feel confident in their abilities so that they will remain active throughout their lives and can contribute in positive ways to their community.


ARKANSAS AND WORLD WAR II
June 20, 2017, educators from across the state came to central Arkansas for a workshop that explored the role Arkansas played during World War II. There were five presenters that included Shane Lind, Anita Deason, Kim Sanders, DannaKay Duggar, and Allison Hiblong.
The workshop began at the MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History with Shane Lind. Mr. Lind highlighted the museum’s Allison Collection of over 4,600 World War II photographs and original posters from the War Relief Program of the United States. The posters are currently on display through October 5, 2017.
Col. (Ret.) Anita Deason, Military and Veterans Affairs Liaison for Senator John Boozman’s Office, lead a session on The Library of Congress Veterans History Project. Colonel Deason explained that the project is focused on collecting, preserving, and making accessible the personal accounts of American veterans. To learn more about this project, click here.
The last session that morning was by Kim Sanders from The Butler Center of Arkansas Studies. Ms. Sanders discussed the Japanese Americans who were forced to leave their homes and relocate to military camps during World War II. 16,000 men, women, and children were sent to camps at Jerome and Rohwer in southeast Arkansas. The center’s exhibit “The American Dream Deferred: Japanese American Incarceration in World War II Arkansas” is on display through July 29, 2017.
After lunch the workshop moved across the river to the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum. Here educators were taken through the museum to see two naval vessels that represent the bookends of World War II. Allison Hiblong provided tours of the submarine USS Razorback as well as assistance in visiting the museum’s exhibits.
DannaKay Duggar from the Jacksonville Museum of Military History portrayed Rosie the Riveter to explain the Salvage Collection Program the United States Government created for school children during World War II. Ms. Duggar presents this interactive program to schools. You can learn more about this program and the museum by clicking here.
This was a very successful workshop and we plan on presenting a similar workshop in 2018.


India has recently undergone a heat spike, killing thousands of people before the monsoons came to cool down the country. Pakistan was next in the headlines, as that country too started to burn from the heat of the sun, killing hundreds of people –
Though the weather authorities have declared an El Nino in effect, California continues to bake in historically high temperatures and exceptional drought. Now that we are in the summer fire season, California is truly burning as forest fires start to make their appearance —
Perhaps more worrisome, Alaska, far to the north, is now gripped by literally hundreds of forest fires —
We have argued that the published scientific predictions on global warming will prove to be too optimistic — things will get much worse, more quickly. Though our motivation for making this argument is based on our understanding of Revelation, and the role global warming will play in the realization of its prophecies, we can point to scientific research that supports our argument. Scientists have warned of the tremendous amounts of methane that is currently locked up under the oceans in the form of methane hydrates, and similarly large amounts of methane locked up in the permafrost (that lies both on land and under the ocean in the Siberian sea). As the ocean temperatures rise and the permafrost melts, that methane is now pouring into the atmosphere, and this phenomenon has not yet been factored into the global warming models. We have argued that this worsening phenomenon will help bring about the heat spikes that will fulfill the prophecies of Revelation.
It is the Game of Thrones in reverse — Summer is coming, and the world will burn in its heat.


Financial management and markets ant | FPX3062 | Capella University
Focus on general finance questions based upon readings from Chapters 1 and 6 of your textbook.
In this assessment, you will explore various aspects of the business environment, including the role of financial managers. Financial managers are known as the agents of company owners (stockholders) who are tasked with achieving the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth using tools of financial markets. You also receive an introduction to the various types of financial markets and the relationships between interest rates and other economic variables.
This assessment focuses on general finance questions based upon readings from Chapters 1 and 6 of your textbook.
Complete and submit the Assessment 1 Template [DOCX].
Use references to support your answers as needed. Be sure to cite all references using correct APA style. Your responses should be free of grammar and spelling errors, demonstrating strong written communication skills.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
- Competency 1: Analyze financial environments and concepts.
- Evaluate ethical nature of an insider trading case.
- Explain why wealth maximization is more desirable than profit maximization as a goal for any company.
- Classify four market transaction types correctly.
- Classify 5–7 market securities correctly.
- Explain the shape of the yield curve with respect to the unbiased expectations and liquidity premium theories.
- Competency 2: Apply financial computations and processes.
- Calculate the correct equilibrium rate of return for a security.
- Competency 3: Communicate effectively and professionally.
- Convey clear meaning through appropriate word choice and usage.


Our VisionFinancial Literacy that qualifies for life!
I Everyone is able to manage their material resources independently, competently, meaningfully and responsibly!
II Each student receives a well-founded, age-appropriate basic economic education that equips him/her with the necessary knowledge and skills and qualifies for the financial challenges of everyday life!
III Every school graduate can set a budget on their private finances, realistically assess the current financial situation and possible development, and plan ahead and sustainably and act decisively and effectively!
What is the sense of passing exams and receiving good grades, if they do not qualify for the challenges in real life?Walter Berger
realizing visionsThats´s how we want to achieve our goals!
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FinGru-Bildung develops teaching materials and aids that are related to the daily experience of the students and that are implemented, carried out and evaluated in a time-efficient and sustainable manner in the classroom!
Step 2: Initiating Projects
FinGru-Bildung creates didactic concepts for age-appropriate teaching and conducting of courses and workshops on basic financial education.
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FinGru-Bildung organizes and conducts courses / workshops on basic financial education in various formats (e-learning or in school).
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FinGru-Bildung organizes and conducts trainings for teachers and multipliers in the area of basic financial education (e-learning / webinars or on-site).
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FinGru-Bildung provides learning and teaching materials free of charge. Projects are carried out free of charge. Your donation counts!
real life oriented - age-appropriate - lastingWhen learning is fun!
Real Life Oriented
No new boring and dry presentation of information! The concrete relation and the benefits for everyday life counts when it comes to the mediation of the learning contents!
The didactic concept of the learning tools and the classes as well as the development of the learning content takes into account the sensitivities of the development phases of the students! (Ages 12-16 / puberty and youth)
Meaningful and foresighted handling of personal finances enables positive and constructive actions. Solution-oriented and constructive actions promotes sustainability.


This past week I have come across several unusual insects and plant injury in cotton fields of the Mid-Coast. This terminal death was first noticed on several cotton plants in one of our field trials. The terminal of 8 plants with in 3-4 feet of row were dead. Some of the branches on these plants were also wilted. No apparent disease symptoms were found on the leaves. The stems broke easily at the lowest part of the plant showing injury but the stem below looked healthy so I don’t think this is a vascular disease.
We also found a few plants in an adjacent field showing similar symptoms.
I consulted several other entomologists who suggested this was caused by a bug similar to the three-cornered alfalfa hopper. Possibly a leafhopper or sharpshooter.
Upon sampling the field with a sweep net, one leafhopper was found in 10 sweeps but it escaped before I could get it in a vial. I found a picture of a similar insect in my collection of my pictures from several years ago.
Fortunately, I could only find about 20 plants with dead terminals or branches in the two fields. So, although an insect causing terminal death is a scary think to have in our cotton fields, this is only occurring on a very small number of plants in a field and is not an economic problem.
In another field, I noticed a small butterfly visiting cotton blooms. This was the Gray Hairstreak. The larvae of this hairstreak is the cotton square borer. The cotton square borer is a small green caterpillar having a velvety appearance. This caterpillar will feed on cotton squares but is rarely found to cause economic damage.


What Is Mental Well being
We’re a diverse group of clinicians deeply dedicated to college mental well being. However, there are negative elements that include the social facet of mental sickness as well. “Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV problems in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).” Archives of Common Psychiatry sixty two.6 (2005): 593-602. Your psychological well being has a huge impact on each aspect of your life.
However psychological well being is way over merely the absence of mental illness. It relieves pressure and stress, boosts physical and mental vitality, and enhances effectively-being by means of the release of endorphins. Although some psychological illnesses and problems might require more severe intervention, some psychological diseases corresponding to depression as an example, can be treated and controlled with medication and remedy, then the sufferer can still stay productive lives, have families, maintain great jobs and in addition give back to the group.
Psycho-training companies contain instructing the particular person with the illness and their relations concerning the symptoms of the sufferer, in addition to any warning signs (for instance, change in sleep pattern or urge for food, increased irritability) that the particular person is beginning to experience another episode of the illness, when applicable.
These “co-occurring” circumstances embody coronary heart illness , stroke , diabetes , most cancers , hormonal disorders (especially perimenopause or hypothyroidism , referred to as “low thyroid “), Parkinson’s illness , and Alzheimer’s illness Whereas it does not appear that allergic reactions trigger depression or visa versa, people who undergo from nonfood allergies have been found to be considerably extra weak to additionally having despair compared to individuals who wouldn’t have allergies Some medicines used for lengthy durations, equivalent to prednisone , certain blood pressure medicines, sleeping drugs, antibiotics, and even birth control drugs , in some instances, can cause depression or make an current despair worse.
Every thing from temper, behavioral, developmental, and thought issues are thought to have a genetic risk for creating the situation. Psychological illness refers to all the diagnosable psychological issues and is characterised by abnormalities in considering, emotions, or behaviors. Mental health issues are common however help is out there People with mental well being issues can get better and plenty of recuperate fully.


What is a dissecting kit used for?
Use these dissecting tools with a handheld magnifier (has 5-10x magnification) to closely investigate the anatomy of your dissection specimens! This dissecting set includes tools such as dissecting scissors, forceps/tweezers, dissecting needles, scalpel blades, and more!
What is dissection equipment?
Basic instruments include dissecting scissors, forceps (or tweezers), scalpels, needles (straight and curved), and pipets. For more advanced dissections, where precision counts (e.g., sheep brain), you would do better with an advanced dissection tool set.
What is needed for a dissection?
Cutting equipment You will need dissecting scalpel, forceps, dissecting probes and dissecting pins. You will need to cut the abdomen with the scalpel.
What is included in dissection box?
Dissection Kit for Students1 Scalpel Handle #3.1 Scalpel Handle #4.1 Dressing Forceps, 16 cm.1 Mayo Hager Needle Holder, 16 cm.1 Teaser Needle, Angled.1 Teaser Needle, Straight.1 Hooks with Chain.1 Tissue Forceps, 1:2, 16 cm.More items…
Why is it important to know and learn the basic dissection techniques and the different tools in dissection?
The hands-on approach of dissection allows students to see, touch and explore the various organs. Seeing organs and understanding how they work within a single animal may strengthen students’ comprehension of biological systems.


On 16th of March 1988, the Iraqi Baath-Regime indiscriminately targeted the Kurdish population of Iraq with a series of poison gas attacks. Over 5,000 civilians were instantly killed and another 7,000 injured. The survivors and bereaved continue to suffer from the consequences of the chemical attack until this day.
The Halabja poison gas bombings remain the single largest chemical weapons attack against a civilian population in the world. In a 2005 ruling by the District Court of The Hague against Dutch trader Frans van Anraat, the court said that it must consider “legally and convincingly proven that the Kurdish population meets requirement under Genocide Conventions as an ethnic group. The court has no other conclusion than that these attacks were committed with the intent to destroy the Kurdish population of Iraq.”
28 years later, the Kurdish people are still not safe. Genocide remains a real threat. In 2014, the Yezidis, a Kurdish ethno-religious group, were targeted by the terror militia IS. Approximately 5000 Yezidis were executed, another 6,000 women and children were kidnapped and enslaved, and several Yezidi holy sites were destroyed. Many of the women and children remain captive. Mass graves of Yezidis are being discovered on a daily basis. The atrocities continue.
It is time we took a stand and said: “Enough is enough, End Genocide Now”. In memory of the victims of the Halabja chemical attacks, we ask the international community to share these informational pictures on March 16th to raise awareness about the Halabja victims and survivors. In their own words, the survivors and witnesses describe their experience of the harrowing attack that changed their lives forever. Following this link you may download all the statements along with an avatar ready for social media use, to take a stand and to End Genocide Now.


- In stock, ready to ship
- Inventory on the way
An Official Account of How Britain Planned to Defend Itself in the Second World War
Dimensions:6.1" x 9.1"
Item No. 9781399020817
After the unprecedented death and devastation of the First World War, few people imagined that such a conflict could ever happen again. Though the belief that it had been the ‘war to end war’ was to be shattered within a generation, in the immediate aftermath of the First World War it was expected that international disputes could be settled by arbitration through the creation of League of Nations. Consequently, the British Government concluded that there would not be another war in the foreseeable future and therefore the country’s armed forces could be correspondingly scaled back.The rise of Nazism in Germany in the 1930s, however, prompted politicians and military leaders to contemplate the frightening prospect of another global conflict. The Chiefs of Staff of the three Services were instructed to bring Britain’s armed forces up to a standard where they could resist a revitalized and powerful aggressor, and to put in place plans for the defense of the country.When that war became a reality, the Chiefs of Staff then had to devise schemes to prevent a German invasion and, as the war progressed, to counter the bombers of the Luftwaffe and the flying bombs and rockets that followed.Reproduced here in its entirety is an official account drawn up by Captain G.C. Wynne of the Historical Section, Cabinet Office in 1948. Arranged in four parts, corresponding to the four different threats which developed with the changing situations of the war, it details the various plans made for Home Defence between 1939 and 1945.


Almost everyone has heard about Virtual Reality, tried it, or watched videos about it. But it’s not everybody who can explain what it is and how it works. Let’ find it out together.
From a scientific perspective, VR is a term for content that can be played using virtual reality headsets, smartphones, tablets or other digital devices. The content, in this case, can be either a linear video shot on a panoramic camera or interactive 3D simulations, similar to those that can be experienced in modern computer games.
In simple terms, this is a world created using computer technology, which can be accessed using one of the special helmets. A few years ago, most of us associate virtual reality with science fiction from the distant future. But things have quickly changed!
How does it work?
All VR helmets work on the same principle. Each of them has a couple of stereoscopic screens or their emulators for the visual range. The device renders two pictures at once separately for each of the eyes, and the difference between them creates the effect of presence.
A study on “The Impact of VR on Academic Activities” conducted in Beijing showed great results. Two groups of children were taught the same discipline but in different ways. The first group – using traditional methods, the second – using virtual reality. Students of the first group scored an average of 73% in the final test, students of the VR group – 93%. The VR team also showed a deeper understanding and retention of knowledge after two weeks.
Often, headphones are used along with a virtual reality helmet, which transmits the sounds of a three-dimensional environment surrounding the user. Ideally, both output devices should simultaneously respond to the rotation of the user’s head for deeper immersion.
It also must be noted, that VR installations enable consumers to experience high-quality virtual reality without any investment in equipment. They also provide an excellent opportunity for creators as more and more brands are eager to use VR as a marketing tool.


It is not easy to be a wildlife photographer. While Will Burrard-Lucas is quite good at it, thanks to his ingenious use of camera traps to photograph animals in Africa. Over the past two years, he’s spent a significant amount of time at Kenya’s Shomphole Wilderness Camp. During that time, he has gotten to know the grounds quite well, including how the land really comes alive at night.
Due to the natural environment (dry and dusty), it is difficult to find wildlife to photograph during daytime. But soon, Burrard-Lucas is aware that a small watering hole can support an incredible variety of life and attract many rare spiences.
After checking with the owner of the Shomphole Wilderness Camp, they decide to offer a new experience to their visitors while also giving animals another source of water. The Shomphole Hide is a manmade watering hole far from other sources of water. Along with the watering hole, the team—under the guidance of Burrard-Lucas—built a hide where people could observe and photograph the animals as they came to drink. Not long after the watering hole took shape, Burrard-Lucas set up a camera trap to see what the animals thought of their new source of water.
Shomphole Hide proved to be a success just after a few days. Lions, hyenas, leopards, baboons, and many different species of birds were just some of the animals you can observe there. Below are some of Burrard-Lucas’s photography of animal drinking water. And if you want to experience yourself, you can visit that camp and book your own session in the hide which has a large observation windows with a 270-degree view, as well as a toilet and fold-down beds.


From an early age, we’re exposed to many myths and hard-to-believe truths about insects. How spider savvy are you? Read below and find out!
We swallow eight spiders in our sleep each year. True or False?
False. This long-standing myth has been around for years. However, no need to sleep in fear. While not impossible, several factors make the likeliness of this happening slim. First, your mouth would need to be open very wide for a spider to enter, and luckily, few of us sleep as if we’re at the dentist! Most people are likely to wake up if they feel something crawling across their face, and particularly, their lips. Lastly, if a spider were to get this far and land at the back of your throat, the act of swallowing is still required to make this myth true. And those odds are pretty low. This being said, we all can rest easy.
Most spider species live at most for two years though there are some species (tarantulas for instance) that can live more than 20 years. True or False?
True. Are you wishing you were a tarantula if you had to be a spider? Us too! That’s right though, the average spider is lucky to live to their second birthday. Tarantulas are a different story. These hairy creatures are among the largest spiders — they are able to kill lizards, mice and even birds. It usually takes a tarantula anywhere from two to 10 years (longer than the average spiders’ lifetime) to reach adulthood. In addition, females are known to live longer, usually 30 to 40 years. The oldest tarantula on record lived 49 years!


NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. — Binge drinking leaves people with more than just a long-lasting headache. A new study finds that frequently consuming too much booze may lead to a long-lasting change in DNA that causes an even stronger desire for alcohol.
Researchers at Rutgers University studied two genes that play a central role in one’s drinking behavior: PER2, which influences the body’s biological clock; and POMC, which regulates the body’s stress response system.
After comparing groups of moderate, binge, and heavy social drinkers, they found that both genes were modified among those who drink heavily or binged by an alcohol-influenced gene modification condition called methylation. Researchers also noticed reductions in gene expression — or the rate that the genes create proteins. They found modifications increased with greater alcohol consumption.
“We found that people who drink heavily may be changing their DNA in a way that makes them crave alcohol even more,” says senior author Dipak K. Sarkar, director of the Endocrine Program in the Department of Animal Sciences at Rutgers, in a media release. “This may help explain why alcoholism is such a powerful addiction, and may one day contribute to new ways to treat alcoholism or help prevent at-risk people from becoming addicted.”
Participants in the study were also shown stress-related, neutral, or alcohol-related images. They were then shown containers of beer, before being asked to taste the beverage. Researchers then assessed each participant’s desire to drink and found those with the genetic changes from heavy drinking showed a stronger craving.
The authors hope the research will lead them to identifying genetic markers that could actually predict an individual’s risk for binge or heavy drinking.
The study was published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.


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Edward J. Simmons school
Colored School #8’s opening in 1873 is celebrated on this date. This was a school for Blacks and was operated by a Board of Education for Colored Schools.
Located in Ellardsyille near St. Louis, MO, it was a one-story wooden building of two rooms and opened with an enrollment of 53 pupils. The school had been established in the post-American Civil War era in 1865 to foster the education of Black children. In 1877, Black teachers replaced whites in the school, and by 1881 the building was enlarged to four rooms. It was renamed the Edward J. Simmons School in 1891, and in 1899 the old school was replaced by a brick building.
It occupies the same site today in a building erected in 1930 during the Jim Crow era at 4318 St. Louis Avenue. An addition was built west of it in 1965.
2,000 years of extraordinary achievement
by Jessie Carney Smith
Copyright 1994 Visible Ink Press, Detroit, MI


Use this creative activity to teach about the story of the priest Zechariah meeting the angel Gabriel
Zechariah and his wife Elisabeth had prayed for a son. But nothing happened and now it’s too late. Now they’re too old to have children.
This idea is part of a complete Sunday school lesson on Zechariah meeting the angel Gabriel, as part of our series for advent and Christmas.
What do you need:
- a beautifully wrapped present
What to do:
Show the children the present. Ask them – if this present would contain the one thing you really really want, the thing that would make you happiest, what would be in it?
Show the present once again and ask the children which gift Zachariah wanted most of all (a son). How do you think he felt?
Imagine that you’re an athlete who really wants to take part in the Olympic games. You’ve trained really really hard, but every time your trainer says ‘You’re not good enough yet’.
Now you’re eighty years old and use a walking aid, and suddenly the trainer says ‘Now you can take part in the Olympic games. What would you think?
Zechariah felt just like the Olympic athlete. He had given up his dream of having a son a long time ago. It was much too late!
How would you react if you were Zechariah? Would you believe the angel, or would you also ask for proof?


Critter of the Month: Nine-Banded Armadillo
Armadillos are one of the most unique looking critters out there. These animals are covered in silver, armor-like plates that protect them. The word “armadillo” actually means “little armored one” in Spanish!
There are over 20 different species of armadillos, with most of them living in Central and South America. The nine-banded armadillo is the only species found in Mississippi and in the United States. These critters normally have one litter of young each spring. In each litter, there is always four offspring of the same sex because they come from the same egg!
While you might think that all armadillos can curl up in a ball as a form of self-defense, that’s actually not true! Only one armadillo species can do that, and it’s not the nine-banded armadillo. Instead, it often jumps in the air when startled. One of the armadillo’s biggest weaknesses is its poor eyesight. When they are out at night, they are unable to see cars heading their direction until it’s too late. Their defense mechanism of jumping also doesn’t bode well as it leads them to jump up into the undercarriage of the vehicle passing over the top of them.
Armadillos are primarily nocturnal and crepuscular (dawn and sunset), meaning they are most active at night. Armadillos are known for digging up grass, flower beds, and vegetable gardens in search for insects to eat. They also build burrows underground for shelter. This can be quite annoying to homeowners. Setting out traps baited with spoiled fruit in the area can be effective at catching armadillos so they can be removed from the area.
The nine-banded armadillo generally stays to itself and does not interact with humans. If you encounter an armadillo, remember to keep your distance as it is a wild animal. For any further assistance or advice, contact your local animal control. Want more information on this critter? University of Georgia Extension has a thorough profile on the nine-banded armadillo.
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The impact of technology on developing countries
This brick focuses on the impact of technology on developing countries. The content is delivered through two case studies, one looking at the impact of external technology companies have on a developing country, and the other at the internal conflict technology can cause.
Questions? contact the creators!
This educational unit contains:
- A case study looking at the impact of external technology companies can have on a developing country
- A case study on the internal conflicts technology can cause
Should I teach this?
- Suitable for teaching in Computer Science courses and Other
- Disciplines: Computer Science, Political Sciences
Suggested teaching and assessment approaches
The instructor guide provides some suggested approaches for examination papers, for assessments, for in-class activities, and take-home activities.
Evaluate your Teaching
Don’t forget to evaluate your teaching! Did the students meet the learning objectives? You can ask the class to fill a questionnaire to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The idea is that you can always improve your lectures and the resources based on the students’ feedback.
Let us know how we did
Do you think the resources can be ameliorated? Let us know how we can do better via email or leave a comment!


Europe’s most powerful hot spring supplies the surrounding region with hot water.
Billowing clouds of steam and bubbling water from the ground mark the site of Deildartunguhver, the highest-flow hot spring in Europe. Located in western Iceland, the spring is incredibly powerful and has a very high flow rate of 180 liters per second. The temperature of the water as it emerges from the ground is around 100 degrees Centigrade.
Deildartunguhver provides the surrounding region with hot water. In the towns of Borgarnes and Akranes, water from the thermal springs is responsible for most of the central heating. To reach Akranes, water travels through a 64-kilometer (39 mile) pipeline, the longest in Iceland. Though it cools off slightly over the course of its journey, the water is still around 78-80 degrees by the times it reaches its Akranes, the farther of the two towns. Any excess goes to heating the greenhouses that are in the surrounding area.
Just north of Deildartunguhver are the Krauma geothermal nature baths, which mix hot water from the thermal springs and cold water from the from Rauðsgil, which originates in the Ok glacier.
Know Before You Go
The spring is located near Reykholt, close to Route 50, north of Kleppjárnsreykir.
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5 Things Your Dentists Never Discusses
1. Dental tooth decay and gums and teeth come from microbial infection.
2. The important thing indicator for dental disease is the bacteria count – particularly the count of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacteria which you’ll test for. Should you get rid of the pathoenic agents you get rid of the infection and prevent the dental decay or gums and teeth.
3. When the enamel in the tooth is permeated its impossible to prevent unhealthy bacteria from multiplying if you do not make use of an anti-microbial agent to kill them off. This is exactly why for those who have one filling, its winds up turning out to be a larger filling, along with crown, root canal as well as an implant.
4. Flossing and brushing will assist you to dislodge the plaque that harbors the bacteria. Unless of course you utilize an anti-microbial agent, you’re just moving the bacteria onto their next resting place.
5. Enameled surface can re-mineralize naturally through diet and good dental hygiene. Should you create a thick strong layer of natural enamel, the bacteria cannot break through and cause dental disease.
To be able to reverse periodic mineral loss out of your enamel and also the grow of bad dental bacteria, you should utilize an anti-microbial agent which will get rid of the dangerous bacteria inside your mouth.
Listed here are three recipes for any natural mouthwash
One – Natural Mouthwash Ingredients:
Ocean Salt – natural antiseptic and anti-microbial agent wealthy in natural minerals.
Sodium bicarbonate – natural soap
Peroxide – impressive at killing off Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacteria.
A little natural acrylic of your liking for taste and gum health – peppermint, oregano, clove.
You are able to brush, rinse or best make use of this mixture within an dental irrigator.
Two – Natural Mouthwash Ingredients:
Sesame, Coconut, or Essential Olive Oil.
Simply pull a tablespoon for that oil with the teeth for 5 minutes after which goes the oil and rinse
the mouth area with water. There you have it.


O the Physical Processes Responsible for Tropical Cyclone Motion.
This paper investigates the possible physical processes involved in tropical cyclone motion. The first part analyzes the relation between the synoptic-scale flow around tropical cyclones and cyclone movement. It was found that, in most cases, tropical cyclones in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere move to the left () of and faster than their environmental flow. To understand these observations, an analytical study using a simplified form of the vorticity equation was performed. The results show the importance of the environmental flow and change in the Coriolis parameter across the cyclone in determining cyclone motion. The locations of maximum local changes of relative vorticity can be interpreted to correspond to the observational results. The interaction between the vortex and the environmental flows was further investigated by analyzing the radial equation of motion. Results from a simple model and observations both indicate the presence of radial accelerations which can be explained in terms of parcel trajectories. The differences of radial accelerations between the right and left sides of the cyclone (with respect to cyclone direction) was found to be proportional to the speed of the cyclone. Differences in radial accelerations between the front and the back of a cyclone appear to be related to a change in cyclone direction. Vorticity budgets for cyclones with different speeds and turning directions were then analyzed. The horizontal advection and the divergence terms were found to dominate over the tilting and vertical advection terms. These results are consistent with those from the analytical study of the vorticity equation described above. Combining the theoretical and observational results, a hypothesis is proposed to describe the possible physical processes involved in tropical cyclone motion. Interaction of the vortex and environmental flows brings about a vorticity increase to the front of the cyclone. This increase in relative vorticity forces a mass adjustment through subsidence, producing a net tropospheric warming and eventually a new center of vortex circulation. The movement of a tropical cyclone is therefore one of "propagation", with eye wall clouds continually reforming around the new "eye" and dissipating around the old center.
- Pub Date:
- Physics: Atmospheric Science


Some chickens are naturally better at fighting off dangerous bacteria than others. And now that scientists have found a way to identify those birds, the production of flocks of super chickens—and a safer food system as a result—could be imminent.
Researchers at the US Department of Agriculture were able to identify roosters with strong immune systems by testing to see which ones had naturally high levels of two particular chemicals in their blood: cytokines and chemokines. Those chemicals, when released, effectively operate as sentinels in the body, by (among other things) alerting white blood cells as to where malignant invaders are located. They mobilize the birds’ immune systems, and birds with high levels of these chemicals have an increased ability to ward off dangerous pathogens.
With that knowledge, commercial breeders—already masters of selective breeding—will be able to test and single out birds for their immune-system strength, then breed whole flocks of them. That could be a huge boon to public health, and could save billions of dollars along the way.
Consider campylobacter, just one of the many dangerous foodborne pathogens that threaten human health every year. This bacterial infection affects an estimated 1.3 million people annually in the US. Once it infects a person, it can cause diarrhea, fever, and in some rare cases, life-threatening illness. It typically lives in the intestinal tracts and livers of chickens and cows, and can spread to humans through meat produced in slaughter facilities or through crops that have come into contact with soil fertilized with animal feces. Public health officials estimate the overall economic burden of the bacteria hovers around $2 billion each year.
The bacteria has grown increasingly resistant to antibiotics, in part, because of how regularly farmers feed their animals antibiotics to prevent illness. The medicines were designed as tools for treatment, not prevention. But public backlash to the overuse of antibiotics on farms has food producers, including the poultry industry, looking for alternatives. The scientists behind this new research, first published in the journal Poultry Science, say birds with stronger immune systems would likely have fewer pathogens physically on their bodies as they enter slaughter facilities. And if that’s the case, it could mean a safer food product on grocery-store shelves.


Sphere Volume Calculator
Our sphere volume calculator can quickly find the volume of any sphere for you!
This tool will help you find:
- The volume of any sphere from its radius;
- The volume of any half-sphere or hemisphere;
- The volume of any spherical cap; and
- The height or radius of any spherical cap.
Read the following short article to learn more about how to find the volume of a sphere and the sphere volume formula!
Sphere volume formula
A sphere is a three-dimensional object where every point on its surface is at the same distance from its center (e.g., a ball). This distance is the sphere's radius.
If we know a sphere's radius, we can then calculate the volume it occupies with the sphere volume formula:
- is the radius of the sphere; and
- is the sphere's volume.
As you can see, the sphere volume formula is straightforward. You only need the sphere's radius.
Try inputting any sphere's radius on the sphere volume calculator and experiment with it!
🙋 Remember to use the same length units when inputting the sphere's radius.
Volume of spherical cap
To find the volume of a portion of a sphere, we can either use:
- The cap's height and sphere's radius ; or
- The cap's radius and height .
If we're using the cap's height and the sphere's radius , we should replace them in the following formula:
However, if we're using only information about the cap (the cap's radius and height ), we should use this formula instead:
You can use the sphere volume calculator with either parameter! Just fill in any two of them in the "Spherical cap / Hemisphere" section, and the sphere volume calculator will complete the missing parameter and output the spherical cap's volume.
Volume of a half-sphere
If you know how to find the volume of a sphere , then you know how to calculate the volume of a half-sphere .
Simply divide by two inside the sphere volume formula, and that's it!
Feel free to experiment with this or any of our geometrical tools, such as the cylinder volume calculator!


Learn How to Run a Self-Directed Middle School Science Classroom
In this class, you will learn how to organize your supplies so that students can have easy access and be responsible to setup and take down the lab each day.
Learn how to set up a self-directed classroom. Work through a series of topics that you'll need to address before launching a self-directed classroom. Learn tips and strategies—some you'll be able to to implement right away and others will take more time.
We'll discuss how best to use the limited time we have together as a class and how to organize
I started my career as a high school physics teacher. Then I entered the field of museum education at the National Air and Space Museum (part of the Smithsonian Institution) where I wrote science education materials and ran teacher workshops. When my children were born, I left the workforce and when they were little, our family got involved with a school start up. My children grew and with them, the school; I volunteered on a weekly basis, running science experiments for my son's class and joined the faculty as the middle school science teacher when the seventh grade was added. Now I write full-time, working to publish the curriculum I developed while I was teaching. Each online course is a unit of study from a hands-on, laboratory-experience perspective. Each activity has a video and written instructions so you'll be thoroughly prepared to teach them.


Yijun Tang, an associate professor of analytical chemistry from the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, is developing the technology for an enzyme-free glucose sensor as an alternative to current glucose sensors found in many drug stores.
The primary function of a glucose-specific enzyme in being a part of the sensor is to accelerate the reaction of glucose for a quick result. However, enzymes can't be stored for a long period of time, which limits the function of current products available to people with various health concerns.
Tang’s purpose is to develop a device that mimics the function of an enzyme so that it can offer greater stability and a longer shelf-life.
Currently, Tang is experimenting with composite material with polymers to attract glucose and metal nanoparticles to act as the catalyst other than an enzyme.
The initial interest in this project for Tang came from curiosity on how polymers could be used to be implemented in various ways. Tang began with the idea and shared it with WiSys for a successful partnership that “supported the invention and could relieve marketing and commercialization questions,” says Tang, “as well as project potential value.”
With WiSys’ business knowledge, Tang can focus on further research and development of this useful, innovative product.


What is USB?
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a common connection standard in computers. USB to connect peripherals to computers such as keyboards, mice, the Internet and Tablet PCs, smartphones …
Why should you use USB 3.0?
- Launched in 2009, USB 3.0 has marked a new era of faster and better data transfer rates, calculated 10 times faster than USB 2.0.
- Backward compatibility: One of the advantages of USB 3.0 is its compatibility with USB 2.0. That means when you can plug in USB 3.0 to the USB 2.0 port, however, it will be limited in speed.
- USB 2.0 cannot operate on the USB 3.0 interface but must have a dedicated USB 3.0 interface driver to use.
Comparison of USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 speeds when properly connected to the two standard interfaces:
How to identify your computer is using the USB interface standard?
Theoretically, every time you buy an electronic device, to identify which interface to support the standard, you do the following:
- The USB 2.0 port will have black or white pins, while USB 3.0 drives will have a blue connector. However, in fact today, in some laptops have changed this rule already. Each manufacturer has its own way of changing it.
- Typically, the USB 3.0 interface will have the SS in front of the USB icon and USB 2.0 will not. You can check your current computer for USB 3.0 interface.
- The USB 3.0 standard has a much faster transfer rate, but not all devices will do it. USB speed depends on many factors, such as the speed of the internal flash memory, the rotation speed of the mobile hard disk, etc., depending on the configuration of the computer used and also depends on the needs. of the user.
Are you having a USB 2.0 or USB 3.0?


Are Childhood Vaccines Helpful or Harmful? Here Are 4 Things Parents Need to Know by Joyce Knestrick, CRNP, FAANP
Vaccines prevent more than 2.5 million deaths each year, but some parents are still wary of life-saving shots. Here are the facts you need to know about childhood vaccines and why the benefits outweigh the risks.
- Vaccine-preventable diseases still exist. Vaccines have brought disease rates way down, but we are not beyond the threat. Did you hear about the measles outbreak at Disneyland?
- Herd immunity will not necessarily protect your child. Even if everyone around them has been vaccinated, only disease antibodies can protect your child if they come in direct contact with a disease.
- While any vaccine can cause side effects, they are typically minor. Side effects can include redness, swelling and joint pain. Serious side effects are extremely rare, and vaccines are monitored to ensure public safety.
- You can prevent 14 potentially deadly diseases by the time your child is 2 simply by following the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention’s vaccination schedule.
Every parent wants to protect their children from harm and keep them safe. Unfortunately, skipping vaccines isn’t the answer. To learn more about vaccine safety, find a nurse practitioner near you at NPFinder.com or visit CDC.gov.
The information on 30Seconds.com is for informational and entertainment purposes only, and should not be considered medical advice. The information provided through this site should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, and is not a substitute for professional care. Always consult your personal health care provider.


Trim: 6⅜ x 9½
978-1-60709-280-3 • Hardback • September 2009 • $135.00 • (£104.00)
978-1-60709-281-0 • Paperback • September 2009 • $55.00 • (£42.00)
978-1-60709-282-7 • eBook • September 2009 • $49.00 • (£38.00)
Esta M. Rapoport is an assistant professor of special education at the College of New Rochelle in New York, and does social skills training with children who have ADHD, as well.
An insightful resource filled with useful examples and anecdotes from Rapoport's field research with families of children with ADHD. This book provides parents and teachers numerous concrete methods and techniques to help children with ADHD learn and perform appropriate social skills that are critical for getting along with others and experiencing social success.
— Sandra Rief, author of How to Reach and Teach Children with ADD/ADHD The ADHD Book of Lists
This is a lavishly detailed book providing numerous recommendations for ways to address the social interaction problems and social skills impairments associated with ADHD in children. Rapoport combines her knowledge of the research literature on social skills interventions for children with her own direct, hands-on experience in designing and implementing social skills programs for socially impaired children. Teachers will find here a wealth of information on how to improve the manner in which they educate children with ADHD around their social interaction problems while parents are likely to benefit as well from adapting these same methods for use at home with their children's peer relationship problems.
— Russell A. Barkley Russell A. BarkleyRu Russell A. Barkley R, clinical professor of psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston


The Arts of Thailand
A Handbook of the Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting of Thailand (Siam), and a Catalogue of the Exhibition in the United States in 1960-61-62
The first accessible text of its kind ever published in America, this richly illustrated book presents a comprehensive history of Thai architecture and sculpture from the 6th through the 20th centuries written by Alexander B. Griswold, a noted authority on Siamese art, and a commentary on Thai painting by Elizabeth Lyons.
163 beautifully reproduced halftones and a full color plate depict the astonishing variety of Thai museum pieces, sites, and monuments. Also included are an archeological map and full catalog notes on the objects in the Exhibition of the Arts of Thailand circulating in the United States in 1960–1962, prepared by M. C. Subhadradis Diskul, Chief Curator of the National Museum of Bangkok.
Table of Contents
- publisherIndiana University Press
- publisher placeBloomington, Indiana USA
- rightsCopyright © Trustees of Indiana University
- rights holderIndiana University Press
- rights territoryWorld


About the Digital Collection
Browse this collection: https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/campbell/
Hannah Valentine and Lethe Jackson were house slaves at Montcalm, the family home of David and Mary Campbell, located in Abingdon, Virginia. During the years David Campbell served as governor of Virginia (1837-1840), he and his family moved into the governor's mansion in Richmond, taking several of their slaves with them, but leaving Hannah and Lethe to care for the homestead. According to historian Norma Taylor Mitchell, young men wrote these letters for Hannah Valentine and Lethe Jackson to their mistresses and other slave family members. Even if not produced by their own hands, the letters provide a rare firsthand glimpse into the lives of slaves and their relationships with their owners. In the spring of 1840, the Campbells, including niece Virginia, returned to Abingdon. Virginia Campbell and Mary Burwell, a literate slave whom David Campbell had purchased in 1840, taught Hannah, Lethe, and the other house slaves to read and write at that time.Hannah Valentine and Lethe Jackson's original letters are a contained in the Campbell Family Papers.
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This digital collection comprises selected materials from the following archival collection at David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library:
Campbell family papers 1731-1969
Collection #RL.00186 | 20 Linear Feet
Family, business, and political correspondence of David Campbell, Governor of Virginia; William Bowen Campbell, Governor of Tennessee; Arthur Campbell, soldier in the Revolutionary War who fought indigenous peoples in North America; John Campbell, Virginia statesman and U.S. Treasurer; James Campbell, lawyer and member of the Tennessee legislature; Virginia Tabitha Jane (Campbell) Sutton; and other members of the Campbell family; and papers of related families, including the Owens, Montgomerys, Kelleys, and Newnans. Topics covered include national political issues such as the War of 1812, the formation of the national banking system, Jacksonian party politics, and social and economic reforms, as well as Virginia and Tennessee state politics and education, and general discussions of educational experiences, personal philosophy, and family news.


How was world peace sought in the 20th century? On the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the League of Nations, this exhibition explores some of the collections of LSE Library and the Women’s Library that help answer that question.
International organisations such as the League of Nations are on display; established as part of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War and whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Founded in 1915, the Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom (WILPF) also feature, and who continue to make known the causes of war and work for permanent peace.
Unknown member of WILPF, 1930s
As well as international organisations, the work of peace activists are on display such as Pat Arrowsmith, co-founder of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, as well as material from the Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp, set up at RAF Greenham in the 1980s to protest against cruise missiles.
Protestors marching to London from Aldermaston, 1960s
This exhibition has been guest-curated by Professor David Stevenson of the LSE International History department as well as current members of WILPF.
The British Library of Political and Economic Science (@LSELibrary) was founded in 1896, a year after the London School of Economics and Political Science. It has been based in the Lionel Robbins Building since 1978 and houses many world class collections, including The Women's Library.
The Department of International History (@lsehistory) teaches and conducts research on the international history of Britain, Europe and the world from the early modern era up to the present day.
You will be able to find further information about this exhibition on the Library website along with related events.
This event is part of the LSE Festival: New World (Dis)Orders running from Monday 25 February to Saturday 2 March 2019, with a series of events exploring how social science can tackle global problems. The full programme will be online in January 2019.
Whilst we are hosting this listing, LSE Events does not take responsibility for the running and administration of this event. While we take responsible measures to ensure that accurate information is given here (for instance by checking the room has been booked) this event is ultimately the responsibility of the organisation presenting the event.


An argumentative essay is a kind of writing that demands students to explore a subject, gather, develop, and analyse evidence, and articulate a clear viewpoint on the issue.
Argumentative essay assignments often include substantial investigation of already published information or literature. Further, they may also need empirical research. Finally, the student gathers information via interviews, polls, inspections, or experiments.
4 Steps to Prepare A Perfect Argumentative Essay
Argumentative essays should have a simple framework that is easy for readers to follow. A solid argumentative essay should have the following structure:
Introduction For An Argumentative Essay
The initial paragraph of your essay should establish the issue, offer relevant background information to comprehend your argument, describe the evidence you will provide, and explain your thesis.
This is a sentence from your first paragraph. It is a one-sentence synopsis of your primary argument and assertion.
Each body paragraph should address a new concept or piece of evidence. Thus, make sure to include a subject sentence that explains why the reader should agree with your perspective in a clear and simple manner.
Body paragraphs are where you provide examples, research, statistics, studies, and text citations to back up your views. Address opposing viewpoints and explain why you disagree with them. Finally, presenting facts and evaluating an issue from all perspectives increases credibility and helps you acquire a reader’s confidence.
Last but not the least, your essay should end with one short note which is a brief of all that you were trying to tell in your argumentative essay. A good ending is one which provides satisfaction to the reader. Hence, it means that they have achieved what they were aiming for. It should appeal to the emotions of the reader. Sometimes you can also associate your essay with a personal incident or story to express how the situation impacted you personally.
We hope the steps were clear. You can read about other types of essays on our blog page. Happy writing 🙂


wood standee stands for wood. Wood standee are wooden planks used in different architectural design and are available in different designs and sizes. Wood standee are considered as structural elements, because they are used to support the roof structure and to add strength to the walls. There are various types of wood standee that are used, depending upon their application and purpose.
The main types of wood standee are: 1) wood I beams; 2) wood II beams; 3) wood T beams. Wood I beam are used to make roof structure, ceiling structure and floors. Wood II beam are used to make roofs and floors. Wood T beam are mainly used to make wall structure. There are many types of standees available. They are made up of several types of timber. For example, wood standee can be made up of pine timber, oak timber, teak timber etc.
The wood stands for a wooden object or structure that has been used as a supporting pillar. A wooden object is also known as a standee. A wooden standee may be built into walls, roof and flooring, or furniture, for example.
These structures can be made out of wood or other materials such as metal, concrete, and fiberglass. In a different way, wood is a natural material that is produced from trees that grow all around the world. There are many wood standee types of wood, but most of them are either soft or hard, depending on the type of wood. It is possible to get different sizes of wood, and their shapes may be different, too.
The hardest material that is known as steel does not exist in nature. However, when we use the term wood, we refer to wood and wood products. The process of producing wood is different from the one for steel.
One of the processes is called lignin. Lignin is responsible for the color, hardness, and tensile strength of wood. Wood can be classified according to the physical property it has. The physical property of wood includes elasticity, stiffness, strength, hardness, and brittleness. Soft woods are usually referred to as pliable and flexible materials. The pliable nature of soft woods means that they will bend easily.


LUDHIANA: Scientists at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (Gadvasu) have earned a competitive research project, "Towards climate resilient livestock production system in Punjab," from the ministry of environment, forests and climate change, under the National adaptation fund on climate change.
Research director Dr SNS Randhawa said Gadvasu will lead the study and will be assisted by other institutes, including Punjab State Council of Science and Technology, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development Board, Punjab Agricultural University and Punjab Energy Development Agency.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is the monitoring agency for the project. The ministry has sanctioned Rs 17.398 crore for the project duration of five years. The first grant of Rs 2.58 crore has been released.
Dr Randhawa said the project aims at developing strategies for sustainability of livestock farming and income for farmers. Major objectives are to ensure sustainable levels of livestock production through scientific interventions, assisted reproductive technologies, environment-friendly housing and measures for timely detection and control of animal and zoonotic diseases. Part of the project activity will also focus on climate proofing of gaushalas and construction of climate smart, model cattle sheds with provisions for rainwater harvesting, solar energy, biogas plants and energy efficient lighting.
A weather indexed insurance proposal will be developed to compensate losses to farmers. Automatic weather stations will be set up at different locations for regular monitoring of data pertaining to climate parameters.
Global warming leading to climate change and unforeseen environmental events is a serious threat to sustainable agriculture, officials noted. As reported in India's communication to United Nations Framework Convention on climate change, a rise in temperature by 2 to 4 degrees celsius by 2050 will cut milk production by more than 15 million tons.
University vice-chancellor Dr AS Nanda expressed confidence that the research will help provide sustainable production and sustained income for farmers.
He said climate resilient cattle sheds built for domestic and stray cattle will have rainwater harvesting, bio-gas generation and solar energy to help reduce green house emission. He also said developing weather-based insurance products to compensate farmers for losses in milk production will support the milk economy.


The spread of SARS-CoV-2 by contact (direct or indirect) is widely accepted, but the relative importance of airborne transmission is still controversial. Probability of outdoor airborne transmission depends on several parameters, still rather uncertain: virus-laden aerosol concentrations, viability and lifetime, minimum dose necessary to transmit the disease. In this work, an estimate of outdoor concentrations in northern Italy (region Lombardia) was performed using a simple box model approach, based on an estimate of respiratory emissions, with a specific focus for the cities of Milan and Bergamo (Italy). In addition, the probability of interaction of virus-laden aerosol with pre-existing particles of different sizes was investigated. Results indicate very low (<1 RNA copy/m3) average outdoor concentrations in public area, excluding crowded zones, even in the worst case scenario and assuming a number of infects up to 25% of population. On average, assuming a number of infects equal to 10% of the population, the time necessary to inspire a quantum (i.e. the dose of airborne droplet nuclei required to cause infection in 63% of susceptible persons) would be 31.5 days in Milan (range 2.7-91 days) and 51.2 days in Bergamo (range 4.4-149 days). Therefore, the probability of airborne transmission due to respiratory aerosol is very low in outdoor conditions, even if it could be more relevant for community indoor environments, in which further studies are necessary to investigate the potential risks. We theoretically examined if atmospheric particles can scavenge virus aerosol, through inertial impact, interception, and Brownian diffusion. The probability was very low. In addition, the probability of coagulation of virus-laden aerosol with pre-existing atmospheric particles resulted negligible for accumulation and coarse mode particles, but virus-laden aerosol could act as sink of ultrafine particles (around 0.01 μm in diameter). However, this will not change significantly the dynamics behaviour of the virus particle or its permanence time in atmosphere.
Keywords: Aerosol; Airborne virus transmission; COVID-19; Coagulation; Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.