Understanding A Hernia
- A hernia happens when nerves or organs protrude through a fragile section in the wall of the stomach.
- Some hernias are formed at birth. Some take place after a surgical procedure.
- Sometimes, weaknesses progress in the muscles of the abdomen wall over time and ultimately ‘give out’ producing a hernia.
- Hernias are normally more common in individuals whose abdomens are under extreme pressure, such as individuals who do a lot of substantial lifting, pregnant, obese, or who have long-lasting constipation.
Hernias might not result in any symptoms, but classic symptoms consist of:
- A lump in the groin or stomach;
- Pain, heaviness or uneasiness, particularly when lifting, straining or coughing; and
- A heaving feeling around the bulge.
If your GP thinks you might have a hernia, they will observe you. Your GP might ask you to cough or stand while touching the area where the hernia is located.
If the hernia is minor, or if it not causing any complications, then you and your GP might decide to wait and see what comes about.
But if the hernia is very big, or if it’s causing discomfort or getting stuck at times, then a surgical procedure will be suggested.
There are two kinds of surgery.
- With open surgery, the specialist makes an incision near the hernia to restore it with stitches, and might place a piece of webbing to help reinforce the area.
- With laparoscopic surgery, the specialist makes numerous minor incisions near the hernia. Lengthy tools and a tiny camera (laparoscope) are implanted into the incisions and the images help direct the specialist in mending the stomach wall with stitches.
- Most individuals need two weeks to fully recuperate.
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Sometimes referred to as the Lizard Airship Station and known locally as HMS Bonython, Mullion Admiralty Airship Station opened in June 1916 with the intention of it becoming a major airship base with a number of out-stations. The Admiralty acquired 320 acres of land from the Bonython Estate for the purpose of providing much-needed counter submarine patrols. Initially, one large airship shed measuring 300ft x 100ft x 70ft high was erected together with an extensive hutted camp. Further buildings were erected in early 1917 and by 1918 a second smaller airship shed had been constructed alongside Mullion’s main shed. In its short history Mullion had already provided a base for Sopwith Strutter land-planes and with the formation of the RAF in 1918 and the subsequent re-organization of units, fixed wing aircraft returned to Mullion in May 1918 with the establishment of Special Duty Flight, equipped with DH6 aircraft. A second Flight was formed the following month and became 515 and 526 Flights respectively, as part of 254 Squadron. In August 1918 these Flights were transferred to 236 Squadron. This organization survived until early 1919, with disbandment probably taking place in May of the same year. By this time the infrastructure at Mullion had expanded to include a number of additional aircraft sheds, including six Bessonneau hangars and attendant workshops. However, by the end of 1919, with the First World War having ended, the station was closed and most of the infrastructure and buildings removed, leaving only a few huts and the large mooring blocks used to tether the airships. Today, the land is once again part of the Bonython Estate, who have permitted a number of wind turbines to be erected on the site. To the casual observer there is little left to indicate the site of what was a busy airship station. It is worth pointing out, that contrary to what has been stated in a number of airfield related publications, Mullion Admiralty Airship Station is not situated in the same location as RAF Predannack.


On this day in history, 12th August 1560, the translator, lawyer, physician and paediatrician Thomas Phaer made his will after suffering an accident which made his right hand completely useless. His date of death is unknown, but he died at his Cilgerran estate in Pembrokeshire, Wales, within weeks of his will being drawn up.
Phaer started out his working life as a lawyer and published two legal handbooks, Natura brevium (c1530-1535) and A Newe Book of Presidentes (1543), but changed direction in the early 1540s to become a physician and medical writer. His medical works include The Boke of Chyldren (1545), the first book on paediatrics written in English, A Goodly Bryefe Treatise of the Pestylence and A Declaration of the Veynes. He has become known as the "Father of English Paediatrics".
Phaer was a renowned translator and had completed translations of nine books of Virgil's Aeneid before his death. He was also a writer and contributed verses to Preceptes of Warre (1544) and A Mirror for Magistrates (1578).
Phaer was laid to rest in Cilgerran Church where a memorial table laid in 1986 reads:
Thomas Phaer M.D. Of Cilgerran 1510-1560
Author of the first work in English on child care
'To do them good that have most need,
that is to say children:
and to shew the remedies
that God hath created for the use of man'
The Book of Children.
You can read Phaer's The Book of Children free online at https://archive.org/details/thomasphaerbokeo00boweuoft
Extract from On This Day in Tudor History by Claire Ridgway. Picture: Memorial to Thomas Phaer of Cilgerran, taken by ceridwen, Geograph.org.uk
How wonderful that someone in this period wrote about the medical care for children.


Time travel and nuclear fusion at GCSE Science Live
Our Middles (Year 10) triple-award scientists were treated to a day of interesting and inspiring lectures at the Barbican Theatre on Friday, from some of the world’s biggest names in science.
Dr Kate Lancaster discussed how nuclear fusion (rather than nuclear fission) may one day play a key role in solving our energy problems. It has been a long time coming due to some very tough scientific problems, many of which have now been solved and an experimental reactor is being set up.
Professor Mark Miodowink, a materials scientist, gave a fascinating lecture looking at how the understanding of matter down to nano-scale allows us to copy nature in its ability to, for example, stick to things (as in Gecko Tape) and repel water, through the lotus effect. One of the highlights of the day was a lecture by Professor Lord Robert Winston, a medical doctor and distinguished scientist in the area of human fertility, who talked us through some of the breakthroughs at the cutting edge of gene therapy. A particular story that will stick in my mind was about a mouse who could run for nearly four hours nonstop without getting tired due to genetic modifications. Lord Winston also discussed the ethical implications of gene therapy in humans.
Professor Andrea Sella then talked us through some processes involving auto catalysis and finally, perhaps the most mind bending lecture of all, Jim Al-Khalili opened our eyes to the possibility of time travel. Ideas such as black holes, worm holes, being able to slow time down and bend time itself left us with some big ideas to think about and no small amount of head scratching to be done.
Mark Forth, Head of Chemistry


Friday, March 28, 2014
Active video games as a tool to prevent excessive weight gain in adolescents: rationale, design and methods of a randomized controlled trial
Excessive body weight, low physical activity and excessive sedentary time in youth are major public health concerns. A new generation of video games, the ones that require physical activity to play the games -i.e. active games- may be a promising alternative to traditional non-active games to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours in youth. In a paper just published in the open access e-journal BMC Public Health, with Monique Simons as first author, we describe the design of a study evaluating the effects of a family oriented active game intervention. The study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT), with adolescents aged 12 - 16 years old who spend much time in non-active gaming activities. The intervention is that they are provided with active game consoles, and active games as well as information and encouragements to promote use of console and games, and to exchange passive gaming for active gaming. We look at changes in body weight and composition and changes in physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviours. In addition, a process evaluation is conducted, assessing the sustainability of the active games, enjoyment et cetera.
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by Tim Bottman on Mar 13, 2014
A list of common birds in English and Spanish. These flashcards are suitable for a beginning language learner.
by Tim Bottman on Oct 02, 2014
Multiplication facts for 8 from 0 to 12. Great for 3rd and fourth graders.
by John Eardley on Jun 02, 2014
This will provide a database of German/ English word translation. Note that it is for competent to advanced users of the German language.
by jacksonl1e on Jan 23, 2017
The Blind Boy By: Colley Cibber O say what is that thing call’d Light, Which I must ne’er enjoy; What are the blessings of the sight, O tell your poor blind boy! You talk of wondrous things you see, You say the sun shines bright; I feel him warm, but how can he Or make it day or night? My day or night myself I make Whene’re I sleep or play; And could I ever keep awake With me ‘twer always day. With heavy sighs I often hear You mourn my hapless woe; But sure with patience I can bear A loss I ne’er can know. Then let not what I cannot have My cheer of mind destroy: Whilst thus I sing, I am a king, Although a poor blind boy.
by Tim Bottman on Mar 14, 2014
Approximately 5000 vocabulary words that should be memorized before taking the SAT. This lesson is broken into 26 parts.
by timb on Mar 13, 2014
A long list of Cooking and Kitchen Terminology and Techniques. How many of these terms do you know?
by Tim Bottman on Apr 03, 2014
Signers of the United States Constitution, the supreme law of the United States, include 39 of 55 delegates who attended the Constitutional Convention, and the convention's secretary, William Jackson, who signed the document to authenticate the results of the Convention's sessions.


This week we will complete Genesis Chapter 42. We will read about the interaction between Joseph and his brothers (who still do not recognize him). His bothers’ guilt for how they treated him and Reubens’ plea to Jacob to take Benjamin on a road trip to Egypt.
Sunday: Genesis 42: 19-20 – After Joseph releases his brothers from custardy he changes his request for them to prove they were honest men. How was this request different from the first request?
Monday: Genesis 42: 21-22 – As the brothers discuss their plight they immediately know that this is a result of their guilt concerning their brother Joseph? How did they describe their recollection of Joseph’s reaction to what they had done to him? What exactly did they do to Joseph? (hint Genesis 37:18-20, 22-24,28) Which brother tried to save Joseph?
Tuesday: Genesis 42: 23-24 – Joseph wept when he heard his brothers’ conversation? Why do you think he wept? Joseph took and bound Simon (the second eldest son), and not Reuben, the eldest son. Why do you think he did that?
Wednesday: Genesis 42:26-28 - – The brothers make an overnight stop on their way back to Canaan and one of them discovers that his sac contains all the money he paid for his grain and they were all afraid. Why were they so afraid? Who did they think did this to them?
Thursday: Genesis 42: 25,35-36 – The other brothers are now back with Jacob in Canaan and they discover that their sacs contained all the money they had taken to Eqypt for grain. Jacob is now even more afraid to send his youngest son to Egypt with his brothers for food. What reason does he give?
Friday: Genesis 42: 37-38 – Reuben offers his two sons as ‘collateral’ for Benjamin, but Jacob is still not willing to let Benjamin go. What does Jacob mean when he says if Benjamin is hurt “…it would bring my gray hairs with sorrow to sheol”?


A plastic non-return valve inlet, also known as a plastic check valve inlet, is a type of valve used in plumbing and fluid handling systems to control the flow of fluids in a single direction. The valve allows fluid to flow in one direction only, preventing backflow or reverse flow.
Plastic non-return valve inlets are commonly used in applications where a lightweight, corrosion-resistant valve is needed, such as in water supply systems, irrigation systems, and aquariums. They are made from a variety of plastics, including PVC, polypropylene, and nylon, and are available in a range of sizes and configurations to suit different applications.
The valve operates by using a flap or ball that opens in the direction of fluid flow, allowing the fluid to pass through. When the flow reverses, the flap or ball closes, preventing backflow. The valve can be installed in any orientation, and is designed to require minimal maintenance.
When installing a plastic non-return valve inlet, it's important to ensure that it is properly sized and installed in the correct orientation to ensure proper operation. It's also important to ensure that the valve is regularly inspected and maintained to prevent fouling or damage that could impair its function.
In summary, a plastic non-return valve inlet is a lightweight, corrosion-resistant valve used to control the flow of fluids in a single direction, and is commonly used in water supply systems, irrigation systems, and aquariums.


Data from: Connecting proximate mechanisms and evolutionary patterns: pituitary gland size and mammalian life history
Kamilar, Jason M.; Tecot, Stacey R. (2015), Data from: Connecting proximate mechanisms and evolutionary patterns: pituitary gland size and mammalian life history, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pb74r
At the proximate level, hormones are known to play a critical role in influencing the life history of mammals, including humans. The pituitary gland is directly responsible for producing several hormones, including those related to growth and reproduction. Although we have a basic understanding of how hormones affect life history characteristics, we still have little knowledge of this relationship in an evolutionary context. We used data from 129 mammal species representing 14 orders to investigate the relationship between pituitary gland size and life history variation. Because pituitary gland size should be related to hormone production and action, we predicted that species with relatively large pituitaries should be associated with fast life histories, especially increased fetal and postnatal growth rates. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that total pituitary size and the size of the anterior lobe of the pituitary significantly predicted a life history axis that was correlated with several traits including body mass, and fetal and postnatal growth rates. Additional models directly examining the association between relative pituitary size and growth rates produced concordant results. We also found that relative pituitary size variation across mammals was best explained by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model of evolution, suggesting an important role of stabilizing selection. Our results support the idea that the size of the pituitary is linked to life history variation through evolutionary time. This pattern is likely due to mediating hormone levels but additional work is needed. We suggest that future investigations incorporating endocrine gland size may be critical for understanding life history evolution.


What is self-esteem?
Self-esteem is a person’s subjective sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words, it is self-respect, how much you appreciate and like yourself. Hence, people who have low self-esteem may perceive themselves as ‘not goo enough’ or not as good as others. On the other hand, people who have extremely high self-esteem can be narcissistic, putting others off and destroy relationships. Therefore, it is best to establish healthy balance of self-esteem, somewhere in the middle.
Do I have self-esteem issues?
When you have very low self-esteem, it can affect your personality as well as your mental health. Low self-esteem can lead to feeling defeated or depressed, feeling that life is meaningless, therefore, causing you to make destructive choices for yourself. These choices may affect your life, your career, and your relationships.
The causes of low self-esteem can be varied from person to person. In many cases, people who have low self-esteem have experienced consistent negative opinions from family members or people they are closed to and/or being bullied by others.
To notice if you have low self-esteem, you may observe if you are experiencing these feelings and behaviours:
- Feeling that you are not good enough
- Lack of belief in yourself and your ability
- Lack of motivation
- Lack of confidence
- Fear of failure
- Trouble accepting complements
- Inability to say no to requests or to express your needs
- Focusing only on your weaknesses
- Intense feelings of shame
- Depression or anxiety
- Social anxiety
- Fear of judgments
Self-esteem problems can be traumatic and lead to many other issues in different areas of life. Talking therapy and life coaching can help you to overcome self-esteem issues, help you to put things in more constructive aspects, find your strength, and establish a healthy level of self-esteem. I’m here to help. Get in touch.


Awareness program on school ergonomics: ‘smart posture, smart child’
October 25, 2019
To celebrate World Occupational Therapy Day, Department of Occupational Therapy, SOAHS, Manipal, conducted an awareness program at Mukunda Kripa English Medium Nursery and Higher Primary school, Udupi on ergonomics named ‘SMART POSTURE, SMART CHILD’ on 25th October 2019. The main purpose of this program was to create awareness among students and teachers regarding un-ergonomic factors and their nagetive consequences in all aspects of children’s lives.the program also explained strategies to apply simple ergonomics principles or techniques in their educational context to maintain the correct posture and prevent the long-term musculoskeletal complications. 100 students from 3rd and 4th standards students and five teachers, were participated actively in this program. The awareness program was provided by the 1st semester, 3rd semester and 4th year OT project students and was delivered through role play, presentation and demonstration.
3rd National Conference on Clinical Laboratory Education and Research _2023
Nutrition Awareness Programme
World Dietetics day and International year of millets 2023
Renal Replacement Therapy & Dialysis Technology - Workshop on Skill Enhancement Training for Dialysis Technologists
Skill Enhancement Training for Dialysis Technologist RRT & DT WorkShop 2023


An enrichment activity for Key Stage 3 students, by John Senior
Summary: The essentials of physical and social survival
Whether we are packing for a day out, a holiday, a safari expedition or an adventure, we need to carefully consider what we need take with us, to avoid having a disappointing day or disaster when in a remote area.
Abraham Maslow developed a theory which looked at human activities being directed by what he termed a 'hierarchy of need'. Maslow's theory has been highly influential in many areas of human activity particularly in management applications.
His theory concerns our basic needs that must be satisfied if we are to survive and prosper, live and learn. There are two main categories in his theory, the needs we can call physiological and the needs we can address as security. The Physiological Needs include things essential to our survival such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. The security needs are those needs that contribute to our actual or perceived need for safety and feelings of security.
Some questions for your pupils to consider and discuss
Imagine that everything we take for granted has stopped being available (clean drinking water for example), imagine that there is only food for a few days; you have no shelter and that yesterday the first snow of the winter fell. Imagine that you and your friends are feeling very tense and nervous; unless matters are carefully handled there could be trouble and arguments ahead.
For you and your group to survive this difficult situation until things are easier, what 12 items would be essential to have with you?
When you have narrowed down the essentials, what five things would you suggest that an Antarctic explorer would need to take with them as an emergency stand by for a visit to that hostile place if things get tough?
For more information about Maslow visit either or both of the following web sites:
Theories of personality: hierarchy of needs
Psychology: Maslow's hierarchy
National Curricululm KS3: Citizenship: Pupils should be taught to: use their imagination to consider other people's experiences and be able to think about, express and explain views that are not their own negotiate, decide and take part responsibly in both school and community-based activities [and] reflect on the process of participating.
Learning and Teaching Scotland: The journey to excellence.


The earth is likely to hit by a geomagnetic storm according to the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- Geomagnetic storms are caused when events such as solar flares can send higher than normal levels of radiation towards Earth.
- This radiation interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field causing a geomagnetic storm.
- The disturbance that drives the magnetic storm may be a solar coronal mass ejection (CME) or (much less severely) a co-rotating interaction region (CIR), a high-speed stream of solar wind originating from a coronal hole.
- Effects from the geomagnetic storm can range from the appearance of auroras or the northern and southern lights to disruptions in communications systems due to high radiation. This would make it difficult to communicate with others on Earth.
- Geomagnetic storms are classified according to a scale that measures the effect that storms will have.
- At its safest level, a G1 storm affects power grids by causing weak fluctuations, minor impacts on satellite operations, and causes the northern and southern lights to occur.
- At its most extreme, G5, there would be voltage control problems with some grid system collapses or blackouts, radio waves wouldn’t be able to travel for one to two days, low-frequency radio would be out for hours, and the auroras would be able to be seen at lower latitudes than usual.


This paper questions the likely benefits of globalization for Luanda by considering how global political and economic forces affect the lives of its 3.4 million inhabitants. Most live in informal, self-constructed settlements which lack basic infrastructure and services. Most receive little benefit from the nation's oil and diamond exports, while many have had their livelihoods eroded by the collapse of the local economy and the contraction of the state. The paper also describes how the city has always been shaped by external forces - as a port serving the slave trade or colonial export agriculture - and what the role of external forces has been in creating and perpetuating the long-running civil war. International organizations have criticized the state for not creating basic conditions of development but in fact rarely provide funds to help it do so. The key globalization issue for Luanda (and Angola) is not how to ensure a more effective trickle-down of benefits from exportled growth, but how more people can be productively engaged in the development process. In relation to this, the paper describes the growing role of civil society within Luanda and how, with appropriate support, this can help achieve the broader development objective.
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||Environment and Urbanization|
|Publication status||Published - 2002|


The Great Padloper (Homopus femoralis) is a small chelonian reptile in the Testudinidae family of land tortoises.
The Great Padloper Tortoise has a brown domed-shaped shell called a carapace, although it can be reddish-brown or olive-brown. It has darker markings bordering its scutes (scales). As it ages, the dark markings often become thin white lines. The top part of the carapace is slightly flattened. Its pale cream bottom shell is called a plastron. It has a small head and brown eyes. It has four toes on its thick, stumpy legs.
It grows to about 10 centimetres (4 inches) in length. The male is smaller than the female. The male has a longer tail and longer claws than the female.
It is found in South Africa. It prefers grasslands and savannahs, as well as rocky outcrops.
The Great Padloper is a summer-rainfall tortoise. It spends winter under vegetation and rocks, from June to September.
It is omnivorous, feeding on plants, fruit, grass, flowers, fungi, and insects.
The Great Padloper Tortoise female lays about 3 eggs, which hatch after 105-202 days. The hatchlings have a sharp egg tooth, which they use to break open the egg. They are born dark-coloured, and grow quickly, gradually gaining their adult colours.
Location of photographs: Tbilisi Zoo, Georgia
Photographer: Martina Nicolls
Martina Nicolls: SIMILAR BUT DIFFERENT IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM


A simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Simulations require the use of models; the model represents the key characteristics or behaviors of the selected system or process, whereas the simulation represents the evolution of the model over time. Often, computers are used to execute the simulation.
|Part of a series on|
Simulation is used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for performance tuning or optimizing, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games. Simulation is also used with scientific modelling of natural systems or human systems to gain insight into their functioning, as in economics. Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of alternative conditions and courses of action. Simulation is also used when the real system cannot be engaged, because it may not be accessible, or it may be dangerous or unacceptable to engage, or it is being designed but not yet built, or it may simply not exist.
Key issues in modeling and simulation include the acquisition of valid sources of information about the relevant selection of key characteristics and behaviors used to build the model, the use of simplifying approximations and assumptions within the model, and fidelity and validity of the simulation outcomes. Procedures and protocols for model verification and validation are an ongoing field of academic study, refinement, research and development in simulations technology or practice, particularly in the work of computer simulation.


ONTARIO (August 25, 2021) – AgScape, in collaboration with Ontario Pork, is excited to launch its latest in-classroom educational resource, a Teacher’s Guide for Grades 5-10.
The 68-page resource, which contains an overview of Pig Farming, three unique lesson plans for Grades 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10, as well as a comprehensive list of relevant and useful resources for educators, is available to Ontario teachers now at https://agscape.ca/resources.
Topics covered include: The History of Pig Farming, Pig Production and Terminology, Pig Farming and the Canadian economy, Human Nutrition and Health, Pig Farming and the Environment and even more topics that will help contribute to students becoming informed food citizens.
Partnering with AgScape, a charity dedicated to bringing Food & Agriculture resources and programs into classrooms was the natural choice for Ontario Pork.
“While healthy, sustainable food is essential to all of us, the vast majority of Ontarians have little or no direct connection to farming. That disconnect can allow misinformation to take root, and cause people to question the quality and value of food businesses that they don’t fully understand,” said Stacey Ash, Manager of Communications and Consumer Marketing at Ontario Pork.
“Ontario Pork had a great experience working with AgScape. Their knowledge and deep understanding of the Ontario curriculum were invaluable in helping us to translate information about hog farming and pork production in the province into meaningful learning outcomes for students and educators.” Ash shared about the collaboration with the AgScape team.
Taylor Selig, Executive Director of AgScape agreed with Ontario Pork around the success and importance of this project.
“AgScape is proud to work in partnership with Ontario Pork to bring knowledge of the important work of pork producers and the sector to teachers and students across the province. A key aspect of our shared missions is to engage and inspire the next generation about the agriculture and food industry so that they can make informed decisions and consider the diverse career opportunities within the sector. This resource will play an important role in bridging that gap within the classroom.” said Selig.
With a new school year just around the corner, AgScape is looking forward to being able to share this new resource with students and teachers in their journey to learn more about agriculture and food in our province.


Study says people who run in their teens are far less likely to develop dementia later in their lives.
A new study reveals that people who take up running during their teenage years are less likely to develop dementia later in life.
The study is based on the hypothesis that jogging stimulates the brain and preserves memories.
The research conducted by the University of Toronto has shown that the effects of jogging are strikingly more powerful if people take up the habit during their formative years.
The team, which conducted the experiments on rats, found a long-term improvement in learning and memory in those that were given access to a running wheel from birth.
Experts say the study's results should be a red flag to all of us that our habits in our teens and 20s could impact our brain health later on.
Lead author of the study Martin Wojtowicz says that running is known to enhance cognitive function in animals and humans.
The findings are consistent with the idea of cognitive reserve, whereby the brain draws on enriching experiences from youth to compensate for functional declines as a result of age or disease.
While, it may not be a new idea with the University of Arizona showing last year that an early-morning jog can rejuvenate neurons in the brain, the study is the first of its kind to outline a clear timeline of running’s impact over the years, showing that early-life running is beneficial.


Selecting the right microcontroller for a product can be a daunting task. Not only are there a number of technical features to consider, there are also business case issues such as cost and lead-times that can cripple a project. At the start of a project there is a great temptation to jump in and start selecting a microcontroller before the details of the system has been hashed out. This is of course a bad idea. Before any thought is given to the microcontroller, the hardware and software engineers should work out the high levels of the system, block diagram and flowchart them and only then is there enough information to start making a rational decision on microcontroller selection. When that point is reached, there are 10 easy steps that can be followed to ensure that the right choice is made.
Step 1: Make a list of required hardware interfaces
Using the general hardware block diagram, make a list of all the external interfaces that the microcontroller will need to support.
There are two general types of interfaces that need to be listed. The first are communication interfaces. These are peripherals such as USB, I2C, SPI, UART, and so on. Make a special note if the application requires USB or some form of Ethernet. These interfaces greatly affect how much program space the microcontroller will need to support. The second type of interface is digital inputs and outputs, analog to digital inputs, PWM’s, etc.
Read More: 10 steps to selecting a microcontroller


How do I use groups?
Groups are subsets of participants for a given worksite in UVACollab. Groups can be created on an ad hoc basis by instructors in course sites or by owners or administrators in collaboration sites. Groups are useful to organize study groups, project teams, and other non-official subsets of worksite participants. In course sites, each course roster section behaves like a group. i.e., group-aware tools recognize the section as a group.
You can use groups to make site content available to specific site participants. For example, a private announcement can be made available to a group and email notification can be sent to members of that group. You can also use groups to create group assignments, or limit access to a test or quiz with settings for specific groups.
For information on creating and editing groups, see How do I create groups?
Choose how to view the steps.
Which tools use groups?
You can use groups with the tools listed below. The descriptions of how groups can be used are linked to Help articles that show how to enable group access.
Note: If an assignment has been created as a group assignment or released to groups, adding a student to a group or removing them from a group will change their access to the assignment and any released grades and feedback. See How does a group assignment work? for details.
- Specify group access or other permissions for a forum or topic. For example, you can create a topic where specific groups can read posts but not post new messages.
- Automatically create multiple topics for groups, where each group can access and post in their own discussion topic, but not those of other groups (pictured above).
Tests & Quizzes
Warning: If an assessment has been released to groups, removing a student from their group after they have begun work on the assessment can result in the loss of their submission and grade. They will need to be added back into the group to restore access.


In 1965 a pair of researchers, Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson, set out to study the Pygmalion Effect, which hypothesizes that if we hold high expectations for people’s performance, their performance will be better than if we hold low expectations.
What they found was startling, especially for younger kids. Students who had been randomly selected as being likely to show potential based on an imaginary test and then this information communicated to their teachers, showed tremendous gains in the intellectual ability compared to the control group.
The reverse effect, called the Golem Effect, has also found to have an impact through randomized-control-sample experimental design. This means that one factor into student performance is the expectations teachers have, either high or low, on that student performance.
Every time you refer to your students as “low kids” you are re-enforcing expectations of future achievement that limit children. #NCSM16
— David Wees (@davidwees) April 12, 2016
This is why I get incredibly frustrated when teachers use labels like “high” or “low” to describe their students. Invariably these labels are like self-fulfilling prophesies that lead to strengthening or weakening student beliefs about their own ability to be successful and lead to teachers, subconsciously, taking actions that lead to either higher or lower student performance, and as performance is related to student learning, this can be devastating.
Of course, this pernicious labeling of students is built right into our systems of education so we can hardly consider individual teachers to be at fault. We have the ELL students, the SpEd students, the “lower third”, the students who only achieved a 1 or a 2 on the NY state exam, the students who failed algebra last semester, and other unhelpful labels for students ad nauseam.
So what do we do? I propose a good starting place is to eliminate unhelpful labels from our own vocabulary. Another step is to talk to our colleagues about our shared use of labels for students. Find ways to look for and talk about strengths in students rather than perceived deficits.


The object has a "strong magnetic resonance" and is several hundred feet under the water.
Time is running out in the search for a lost Indonesian navy submarine with 53 people on board.
The navy lost contact with the vessel, the German-built KRI Nanggala-402, early Wednesday morning local time off the north coast of Bali.
Officials fear the crew may soon run out of oxygen — if they've made it this far, supplies will reportedly only last until tomorrow.
But there may be some hope: major general Achmad Riad told reporters on Friday that a naval vessel detected an object with "strong magnetic resonance" at a depth of 164 to 328 feet, CNN reports.
The rescue vessel, the Riguel warship, has a high-tech sonar that can use sound waves to locate objects under water.
It's still too early to tell if the object is the submarine, but the discovery provides a glimmer of hope for the crew on board.
Search and Rescue
The Riguel isn't the only vessel that's actively looking for the lost submarine. According to CNN, two Australian warships have joined the search efforts.
"HMA Ships Ballarat and Sirius, both presently at sea on separate regional deployments, are making best speed for the search area," Australia's Defense Department said in a statement today. "As always, we stand ready to assist our fellow mariners in the Indonesian Navy."
The United States is also sending aircraft to help search for the submarine.
An oil spill spotted by a helicopter earlier this week indicated either that the submarine's fuel tank was damaged, or that the crew was sending a signal, Reuters reported.
There's still a chance rescue teams will be able to recover the submarine and save the lives of the 53 crew members on board. All we can do now is to hope for the best.
READ MORE: Indonesian navy detects object, narrows search area for missing submarine [CNN]
More on the search: Missing Submarine Running Out of Oxygen, Experts Fear


Theories and Practices of Landscape Architecture
What do you need to know in order to understand this landscape? This course explores how cultural values are embedded in the design of landscapes. In each class, we will map the assumptions that inform how landscape is designed and interpreted. Looking primarily at case studies from the 20th century, we will examine how landscapes have grappled with inherited dichotomies, whether among humans or between human and non-human, nature and culture, discreteness and continuity, or between process and outcome. By learning to read landscapes and related projects of landscape architecture, we will study the “constructedness” of landscape and, conversely, the ways in which landscape architecture shapes identity and ecology, reproduces or contests power and inequality, and commemorates diverse cultural meaning.
The course weaves together three kinds of investigations: one that focuses on built forms, another on the ideas and conceptual frameworks that guide the production of those forms, and a third that examines the retrospective interpretation of those forms. We will attend to diverse projects and topics, including border regions, urban landscapes, agricultural landscapes, colonial plantations, scientific gardens, territories of extraction, zones of environmental risk, successional forests, migrating ecosystems, national parks, native lands, domestic spheres, and postcolonial gardens. Through these sites, we will critically explore the spatial forms of exclusion, inclusion, conflict, and cooperation between and among people and their surroundings.
Each week, course readings and recorded lectures will be made available via Canvas. Synchronous sessions for student presentations and discussion sections led by Teaching Fellows will take place via Zoom weekly. All-class synchronous meetings are scheduled every Friday between 10:00am and 12:00pm EST, to advance discussion of central topics arising from lectures, readings, and discussion sections, and for lectures from guest speakers and other activities. At the end of this class, students will understand the value of theory in design, will be able to articulate the diverse intellectual, social, and political dimensions of landscapes, and to refer to a history of landscape architecture projects oriented to related issues. Assignments will include a combination of case study presentations, written responses to assigned readings and hands-on exercises designed to train students in the analysis of landscapes.


If you have asthma, you know just how stressful the condition can be. After all, not being able to breathe freely can turn an otherwise normal day into an all-out nightmare. Regrettably, just as asthma is stressful, stress can trigger an asthma attack.
According to the Anxiety and Depression Society of America, acute stress happens when a person goes through a stressful event. Even if your car accident appears to be a minor one, you are likely to have to deal with your body’s physiological response to acute stress. As an asthma sufferer, this may include breathing difficulties.
What happens when you have an asthma attack?
When you are in the middle of an asthma attack, you have two things going on. First, your already narrow airways constrict, making it more difficult for you to inhale and exhale normally. At the same time, your lungs produce excess mucus, which can clog your already constricted air passages.
How can you stop an asthma attack?
If you have an asthma diagnosis, you likely already have a treatment regiment that includes preventative medication and a rescue inhaler. Even if your rescue inhaler has effectively stopped asthma attacks in the past, it may be no match for a stress-induced flare-up. Therefore, you need professional help to stop your asthma attack.
Why should you go to the hospital?
Regardless of whether you use your rescue inhaler, your asthma attack may worsen for days after a car accident. Consequently, it is imperative for you to go to the hospital and let pulmonologists treat you. Obtaining immediate medical care is likely to reduce your chances of dying or suffering catastrophic complications.
Ultimately, even though a trip to the hospital may be more than you can afford, you can probably pursue financial compensation to help you defray the cost of critical asthma care.


There is a immense amount of variation in how math and technologies will be offered in textbooks. Among 6 textbooks analyzed, three have the most personal references to technology. These textbooks emphasize calculation with true numbers and decimals, and many of these contain activities that need the use of a calculator. However , that they vary within their http://ultiaction.com/what-is-a-data-room-for-investment-bankers-benefits-and-expectations utilization of technology consist of content areas. This is one of how the position and role of technology in math concepts can affect an instructor’s choice of influence.
In math concepts, technology support sense-making, problem-solving, and interaction. When applied properly, teachers can make the most of the technology available to inspire interest and increase math effectiveness. By using technology strategically, math education may reach more college students than ever. But it really is not at all times easy to integrate technology in classrooms. To stop this problem, professors must consider the following:
The technology of mathematics produces distance within just social teams. In some cases, the perception of mathematical objectivity makes it complex for people to contest the mathematically approved decisions. Objectivity relates to exemption of judgement and struggle against subjectivity. It also clarifies the authority of scientific pronouncements in contemporary personal affairs, and names strategies for overcoming doubt and range. If you want to really understand math and technologies, approach a grip of by least some of its theory.
One of the first uses of mathematics was in weaving. Textiles from doze, 000 BC have been found in northern Peru. Other sites contain even identified older imprints of stiched material. The development of technology and arithmetic began to improve steadily above the centuries, however the use of math in systems did not keep up with it. Rotating wheel calculating machines remained rare until the second half the nineteenth hundred years. But technological advancements in mathematics made it possible to use computers for several different duties.


Before discussing Carnot cycle we should have some idea about Carnot’s engine. Sadi Carnot (1832), a French scientist planned an engine which is free from all defects. It is an ideal engine whose efficiency, is 100%. It is never possible to give its physical existence. It is only an imaginary engine. In reality, a Carnot’s engine works in four steps. Carnot developed the foundation of the second law of thermodynamics, and is often described as the “Father of thermodynamics.”
The principle of Carrot’s cycle: The cycle in which an ideal gas used as a working substance starts at constant volume, pressure, and temperature passes through an isothermal and adiabatic expansion and then through an isothermal and adiabatic compression returns to the initial state is called a Carnot’s cycle.
Carrot’s cycle takes heat from a working substance by the reversible process. In heat engines, an ideal cyclical sequence of changes of pressures and temperatures of a fluid, such as a gas used in an engine, conceived early in the 19th century by the French engineer Sadi Carnot. Starting from a fixed pressure, volume and temperature, some heat is transformed into work by an isothermal and an adiabatic expansion and an isothermal and an adiabatic contraction by rejecting the rest amount of heat into a heat sink the system goes back to its initial state.
It is used as a standard of performance of all heat engines operating between a high and a low temperature.


It's A Sign
Toothache pain is the worst. You can’t see it, it doesn’t go away on its own and you can’t massage it like a muscle knot. It’s also a loud indicator of a serious problem that requires immediate attention from a dentist.
Most toothaches are the result of tooth decay, which means you probably have the result of that tooth decay or advanced gum disease. The pain you feel – usually when you eat or drink something sweet, very hot or very cold – is an alarm bell telling you that the pulp is irritated. The pulp is the inside of your tooth, where the tissue and nerves are located, so if something is wrong with the pulp, you’ll feel it in the entire tooth.
Toothache and jaw pain are common complaints. There may be severe pain to pressure, or to hot or cold stimuli. The pain may persist for longer than 15 seconds after the stimulus is removed. As the area of inflammation increases, the pain becomes more severe. It may radiate to the cheek, the ear, or the jaw. Other signs and symptoms that may lead you to seek care include the following:
• Pain with chewing
• Hot or cold sensitivity
• Bleeding or discharge from around a tooth or gums
• Swelling around a tooth or swelling of your jaw
You can prevent the majority of dental problems by flossing, brushing with fluoride toothpaste, and having your teeth professionally cleaned twice a year. The dentist may apply sealants and fluoride, which are especially important for children's teeth.


A new study suggests most fast-food beef and chicken items come from corn-fed animals. It’s not a new revelation; Michael Pollan’s 2006 book The Omnivore’s Dilemma documented the ubiquity of corn products — or corn-fed products — in supermarkets as well as fast-food restaurants, thanks in no small part to huge government subsidies for corn. But according to the study’s authors, this is the first time anyone has measured the trend in meat through scientific means.
By looking at carbon and nitrogen isotopes, co-authors A. Hope Jahren and Rebecca Kraft concluded that out of the 162 fast food burgers they tested, only 12 could have been from cows fed anything other than corn. And all of the chicken sandwiches were made from corn-fed chickens. Their meat samples came from McDonald’s, Burger King and Wendy’s franchises in different cities across the U.S. — and all the non-corn-fed samples came from West Coast Burger Kings.
The authors also claim that the presence of particular isotopes proves these animals were kept in cramped confinement. But Dr. Frank Monahan, who has performed similar studies in Ireland, told Forbes that the findings didn’t necessarily prove confinement — if the animals were given feed grown with nitrogen-rich fertilizer, that could lead to similar levels of the nitrogen 15 isotope.
As for oils used in deep-frying, the study concluded: “Wendy’s clearly used only corn oil, whereas McDonald’s and Burger King favored other vegetable oils; this differed from ingredient reports.”
Both Burger King and McDonald’s declined to comment on the study, while a Wendy’s spokesman told Forbes that the company has “very strict procedures in place” on animal welfare.
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An app can detect COVID-19 – level 1
People with COVID-19 have many symptoms. Pink eyes are one of the symptoms. Scientists know more than two million different kinds of pink color. They know which color is usual for people with COVID-19.
Scientists in one German company make a special app. This app can detect COVID-19.
It is very easy to use it. You install the app in your smartphone. You take a picture of one of your eyes. Then you must wait three to five minutes. The app sends you a message. It tells you if you have COVID-19 or not.
The app also checks your temperature, heartbeat, and eye infection. It helps to get the correct result. The result is correct in 95% of cases.
Difficult words: symptom (something that tells you that you have a disease), detect (to find), case (one situation or one example of something).
You can watch the original video in the Level 3 section.
What do you think about this news?
LEARN 3000 WORDS with NEWS IN LEVELS
News in Levels is designed to teach you 3000 words in English. Please follow the instructions
How to improve your English with News in Levels:
- Do the test at Test Languages.
- Go to your level. Go to Level 1 if you know 1-1000 words. Go to Level 2 if you know 1000-2000 words. Go to Level 3 if you know 2000-3000 words.
- Read two news articles every day.
- Read the news articles from the day before and check if you remember all new words.
- Listen to the news from today and read the text at the same time.
- Listen to the news from today without reading the text.
- Answer the question under today’s news and write the answer in the comments.
- Choose one person from the Skype section.
- Talk with this person. You can answer questions from Speak in Levels.
Stock images by Depositphotos


Summer Boating Safety Tips
Published: June 10, 2021
Check out our video on boating safety on twitter!
This summer we will be reviewing summer safety topics. Our first topic is boater safety. In the summer months boating is a very fun activity especially in the heat, but before you go boating this summer it is important to prepare. These tips were shared by the safe boating campaign. This campaign is dedicated to ensuring boater safety worldwide especially encouraging all people to wear a life jacket. According to the U.S. Coast Guard statistics: Drowning was the reported cause of death in 79% of all boating fatalities, of those, 86% were reported as not wearing their life jackets, and two-thirds of drowning victims are good swimmers. Please take a few minutes to read through this safety check list below. Have fun and stay safe this summer!
- Wear a life jacket.
- Make sure your life jacket is U.S. Coast Guard approved, appropriate for your water activity and fits properly.
- Know state boating laws.
- Take a boating safety course. Learn valuable tips that can help save your life in unexpected situations by taking a NASBLA (National Association of Boating Law Administrators) approved boating safety course.
- Make sure your boat is prepared. Schedule a Vessel Safety Check with your local U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary or U.S. Power Squadrons before you hit the water. Every Vessel Safety Check is conducted free of charge.
- Be sure to know your boat’s capacity.
- Check the weather.
- Dress properly.
- Make sure to stay hydrated! We have a resource on the Center’s website that is very helpful for tips to stay hydrated.
- Always file a float plan. File a float plan with someone you trust that includes details about the trip, boat, persons, towing or trailer vehicle, communication equipment and emergency contacts. Find out more at Float Plan Central.
- Always follow navigation rules.
- Don’t drink while you boat.
- Beware of carbon monoxide poisoning. Gasoline-powered engines on boats, including onboard generators, produce carbon monoxide (CO), a colorless and odorless gas that can poison or kill someone who breathes too much of it.
- Keep in touch. Communication devices can be the most important piece of emergency equipment on board a vessel, especially in case of emergency.


Worldwide, around 50 million people have dementia, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year, according to the World Health Organisation.
One of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people, dementia is a syndrome in which there is deterioration in memory, thinking, behaviour and the ability to perform everyday activities.
“Exercise is a promising non-drug intervention for preventing and treating depression in older persons during long-term care. Every single day, through activities that involve movement, we witness tangible positive results and benefits in the well-being of our residents. When they are socially interacting within a large group, they generally feel much better, their mood improves and the activity stimulates in them a need to feel good,” says Nicolette Sant, facility manager at Villa Messina.
One of nine elderly homes operated by CareMalta, Villa Messina organises dementia-related activities for its residents on a regular basis. Equipped with high dependency and special care units, this private nursing home offers professional care to a special segment of residents who need focused attention and dedication through a specialised programme tailored to their needs.
“Engaging in exercise may also have the capacity to counteract common symptoms of depression in older persons living with dementia, such as negative thoughts and low self-esteem, thus improving self-evaluation and encouraging a love of learning and bravery, while also filling them with a sense of achievement,” Ms Sant explains.
“Furthermore, applying the theories of positive psychology – which aims at refocusing psychology in the direction of not only studying negative outcomes and pathology, but to emphasising positive traits, emotions and behaviour – has the ability to foster a general feeling of well-being among older persons living with dementia.”
In fact, residents at Villa Messina are involved in normal day-to-day activities that help them feel useful and remain active. One such example was a recent DIY project, during which residents contributed to the upkeep of the home by creating their own works from reused items. Wheels from damaged wheelchairs were turned into decorative frames for hanging plants, while wooden planks from pallets were used as shelving.
“We cannot emphasise enough the importance of belonging and sense of community among our residents – two crucial elements that greatly help older persons, especially those living with dementia,” Ms Sant says.


Istanbul, at 1956, was of vital importance for the 1957
election with his population over 1 million. Within the same year,
according to Prime Minister Adnan Menderes “to landscape
Istanbul, to build new squares and new roads” wide construction
movement in Istanbul begun. Some of this buildings and artifacts are
totally destroyed, some are partially damaged and some are
transported to unsuitable places. Hence, most of the artifacts and
buildings are lost in the region that could be used as a “destination”.
This lost of artifacts and buildings damaged to the historical nature
and tourism potential of the region.
|Publication Date||December 1, 2011|
|Submission Date||December 1, 2011|
|Published in Issue||Year 2011 Volume: 2 Issue: 4|
|APA||Ertem, B. & Altunel, M. C. (2011). İSTANBUL İMARINDAKİ TARİHİ ESER KAYBININ TARİH VE TURİZM AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ: KARAKÖY-KABATAŞ BÖLGESİ . Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi , 2 (4) , 61-79 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/odusobiad/issue/27568/290068|
Hope to be enlightened in the light of knowledge ....


People in poor areas in the UK are likely to die 20 years before those living in rich ones because of different care practices, a report into cardiovascular disease (CVD) has found.
The combined life expectancy for men and women in the wealthy Moreton Hall area of Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk is 93.4 years according to data from the Office for National Statistics. This compares poorly with people living in the Middlehaven dockland area of Middlesbrough, who live an average 67.8 years.
Barbara Young, chairwoman of the Care Quality Commission (CQC), said: “We cannot rest while health inequalities exist on the scale they do.”
The CQC report, Closing the Gap, said patients get different standards of care in different areas “as many primary care services, including GP practices, do not follow proven practice consistently”.
People in the poorest areas may not be getting access to the services they need because GPs in deprived areas are less likely to record whether someone has CVD, the report found.
The UK has one of the highest CVD rates in Europe and the report called for measures to improve GPs’ performances on statin prescribing, which reduces cholesterol levels, and targeting of poor areas.
It also found too many GPs were prescribing expensive branded statins when equally-effective, cheaper, non-branded ones were available.
GPs in deprived areas are also less likely to prescribe nicotine-replacement products to help patients stop smoking, which remains “the biggest single avoidable cause of death, killing some 82,000 people a year”.
The CQC report calls for the maximum payment threshold for GPs’ financial incentives to be increased to encourage doctors to help manage the cholesterol levels of more patients.
Copyright © Press Association 2009


Last modified: 2020-01-04 by rick wyatt
Keywords: rincon band | luiseno mission indians | native american | california |
Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors
image by Valentin Poposki, 10 December 2019
Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians
Established in 1892
Location: Northeastern San Diego County, near the town of Valley Center and Mount Palomar, along the San Luis Rey River.
Population: @ 1,495 of which @ 651 are tribal members
Area: 3,918 acres of which @ 150 acres are farmed citrus groves.
Site of a well-appointed Mission Indian Museum.
Rincon Band, together with the famous Harrah Corporation, owns and operates a beautiful, 21-story Resort and Casino.
Part of the reservation was ravaged by the last fall's fires.
Chrystian Kretowicz, 24 January 2008
The current flag of the Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians, as seen on a photo in
front of the tribal administrative building, is white with the branching logo in
black on an orange disk.
Valentin Poposki, 10 December 2019
The building is the new Rincon Government Center. The complete photo is here:
Valley RoadRunner, 18 October 2018
Another photo: https://secureservercdn.net/184.108.40.206/o9j.03a.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Home_MainImg_GovCenter01.jpg?time=1572056965
Ivan Sache, 10 December 2019
image by Chrystian Kretowicz, 25 January 2008
A white flag bearing the tribe logo in yellow in a red oval.
Chrystian Kretowicz, 25 January 2008


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Daniel McFarlin5,168 Points
I'm having troubles understanding the questions here. Haven't used the % much so I am not quite sure
Hey everyone! Don't mean to ask so many questions, but I keep finding myself stumped on some of these code challenges. Anyways I haven't really used the "%" much and so I am not sure how to apply it to this question. I know it deals with division with a remainder, but I don't understand how to use it specifically in this coding problem. Any help y'all can provide would be much appreciated! Thank you! :)
def even_odd(number): if number is % 2: return True else: return False
You use is to compare if something is None, so don't use it here.
A number is even when it's remainder after devision with 2 equals to 0. This translates to: if num%2==0 then return true else false
Alexander Davison65,469 Points
You can use
x % 2 == 0 to determine if
x is odd. Keep in mind that
% is basically calculating the remainder of
x divided by
Also, the challenge didn't ask you to edit this function.
Don't edit the function!!
Amy Shah25,337 Points
The result of % 2 should be zero if even and one if odd. You should include that in a conditional if then statement.
If zero results from %2 then it is even. Etc


The guide is intended to assist qualified Explosive Ordnance Disposal operators conducting mine action activities in Ukraine. The guide can also assist staff conducting Survey and Explosive Ordnance Reconnaissance work.
One of the first steps in dealing with any item of explosive ordnance is to correctly identify it and then understand some of the associated hazards. This guide aims to help those in the field do that. For example, correctly identifying an explosive submunition can mean understanding the cluster munition it came from, and the number of submunitions that that cluster munition can carry.
The guide aims to help those in the field manage the risks they face. It is no substitute for the technical knowledge and experience of EOD operators, but it is a tool that can assist.
The explosive ordnance included in the guide was either identified on the ground or has been identified through extensive review of open source and private material.
The GICHD will continue to monitor the appearance of explosive ordnance in Ukraine closely and intends to update the guide to a second edition later in 2022 as necessary.
Those who wish to contribute information or imagery for possible inclusion in the guide may email CORD(at)gichd.org
GICHD hopes to release a Ukrainian version of the guide in the coming weeks.
Category: Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)


Download: Where does Cash Go?
Chapter 6 of the Danger Zone
Improve Cash Flow
A company must have sufficient cash to operate to continue in business
The lack of cash can kill a company quicker than any direct competitor.
Improving and managing cash flow is a discipline. Ideally, the control over cash flow is a process within a company and not vested with any one single person.
Companies are typically good at identifying certain departments that are key to the business, such as sales, operations, production, etc.
The management of cash flow should be viewed as a separate department within a company. That department needs to have a responsible person that can guide and teach others. Most important, this department must communicate possible cash shortages to management many months in advance. This department should take all information from all other departments (sales, purchasing, etc.) and forecast the future sources and uses of cash.
Improving cash flow requires the discipline of looking into the future. This future view should include all factors that impact a company’s cash.
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and Random House, Inc. approached B2B CFO® in 2008 with an idea, which was to write a book to help business owners related to the topic of improving cash flow. Both entities used the B2B CFO® process in their book, The Wall Street Journal, Complete Small Business Guidebook.
The WSJ book states, “… the chart on page 90 shows ABC Company’s operating cash, beginning with January and outlines its estimated sales and expenses through July. You’ll see the benefit of making such a chart when you look at the month of April, which shows a deficit. Assuming this business owner prepared cash flow projections in January, he or she now has four months to come up with a plan for surviving the projected shortfall.” (pp. 90-91.)


Law is a set of rules that are enforceable through governmental and social institutions. It serves as a basis for social and economic change, and it can also protect individuals and minorities.
Law is divided into three categories: civil law, common law, and statutes. Each category has its own special characteristics.
Civil law systems typically have less detailed judicial decisions and are shorter than common law systems. They are also easier to update research.
Common law systems have more detailed and complex judicial decisions. They are also based on precedent, which means that a court’s decision is binding for the future.
Constitutions are also important. They can influence the creation of laws and rights.
In some countries, the government has the power to make state-enforced laws through a decree or executive action. They are also used to regulate public services and utilities.
In the United States, law is also governed by a federal court system. These courts interpret the U.S. Constitution, provide historical background, and define the rule of law.
There are also specific legal systems for a particular industry. For example, water and gas industries are regulated. Companies operating in these industries are bound by different levels of social responsibility.
Some legal systems also have their own system for interpreting the law. Some examples include the golden rule and systemic interpretation.
There are also specific areas of law, such as consumer law. This includes directives on airline baggage insurance, and it aims to protect the interests of consumers.


Early in 1928, Boeing built two new fighter biplanes using bolted aluminum tubing for the fuselage’s inside structure, rather than welded steel tubing, typical of earlier models. Later versions had aluminum covering the fuselage rather than fabric or wood.
Model 83, designed for the Navy, had a hook-type arrester so that it could land on aircraft carriers. Its production version was designated F4B. The Model 89, built for the Army as the P-12, could hold a 500-pound (226-kilogram) bomb.
The military bought 586 of these fighters in different versions. The first was delivered to Army Air Corps Captain Ira C. Eaker on Feb. 26, 1929, for a special goodwill flight to Central America. Later, Brazil became an international customer for the fighters.
Boeing built four commercial versions of the model; the U.S. Bureau of Air Commerce, precursor to the Federal Aviation Agency, bought one, and Howard Hughes bought a two-seat version.
|First flight||June 25, 1928|
|Length||20 feet 1 inches|
|Gross weight||2,629 pounds|
|Top speed||178 mph|
|Cruising speed||150 mph|
|Power||450-horsepower P&W R-1340B Wasp engine|
|Armament||2 machine guns|


ishaAdministratorMay 4, 2022 at 5:13 PM
The chart represents the ground on which individuals choose whether to travel to work by a car or bicycle.
The first chart illustrates various reasons for cycling to work. Mostly, people prefer cycling because it directly helps them to maintain a healthy physical health, with 30% of the individuals citing this as the most important reason. Next, 30% think cycling cuts down on the emission of polluting gases. Furthermore, 15% look at this as a way of saving a huge amount of time by not having to worry about parking. Also, 13% pointed out that cycling is cost effective. 12% mentioned they don’t get stuck in traffic and reach their destination faster.
The second chart talks about the basis on which people decide to use a car to work. We can see that 40% think of driving as a comfortable mode of travel, whereas earlier we saw that 30% chose cycling to stay fit. Also, the distance to reach work can be covered faster than on a bicycle, which is believed by 21% of the population. Compared to the previous chart, where 12% believe that a bicycle takes us to places faster, 14% think otherwise in this chart. A car can carry numerous essential things to work, which is consented by 14% of the population. In addition to that, 11% find cars safer than cycling.
Overview, is important. You did not write overview.
Review your work properly to avoid grammatical errors. Focus on the right use of articles.
Band Score – 2/3


The classical Chinese explanation is that channels of energy run in regular patterns through the body and over its surface. These channels, called meridians, are like rivers flowing through the body to irrigate and nourish the tissues, blood flow and nervous pulses also follow meridians to run through the body to various parts, structures and organs. An obstruction in the movement of these energy rivers are like a dam that backs up the flow in one part of the body and restricts it in others. Any obstruction and blockages or deficiencies of energy, blood and nervous pulses would eventually lead to disease.
Needling the acupuncture points can influence the meridians: the acupuncture needles unblock the obstruction at the dams, and reestablish the regular flow through the meridians. Acupuncture treatments can therefore help the body's internal organs to correct imbalances in their digestion, absorption, and energy production activities, and in the circulation of their energy through the meridians.
According to the needling methods, acupuncture can be divided into traditional acupuncture, ear acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, scalp acupuncture and hand acupuncture etc. Over the last few decades, traditional acupuncture was widely used combining with other techniques, like moxi-needling, cup-needling etc, to increase the therapeutic effects.
Modern science explain the functions of acupuncture as following: Needling the acupuncture points stimulates the nervous system to release chemicals in the muscles, spinal cord, and brain. These chemicals will either change the experience of pain, or they will trigger the release of other chemicals and hormones, which influence the body's own internal regulating system.
Acupuncture has been used by Chinese people for thousands of year, and it becomes more and more popular in the Western societies. Here is the BBC documentary film about the acupuncture.


An incident Inspection report is a method for noting any accident it may or may not have resulted in personal injury or property damage. It is used to document work-related injuries and accidents, near-misses, property and equipment damage, health and safety concerns, security problems, and misconduct.
The goal of incident reporting is to keep track of an incident, figure out what caused it, document any actions taken. An incident report can help with occurrence investigation and analysis. It includes the root cause as well as corrective activities to eliminate the risks and prevent such occurrences in the future. Incident reports can also be used as safety records, indicating possible pitfalls and uncontrolled hazards identified on the workplace.
An incident is defined as an incident, condition, or circumstance that:-
Incident reporting is a well-established concept that was originally meant to promote and improve workplace safety. However, the majority of employees continue to ignore this practise. Management and employees should understand why incident reporting can assist a company not only enhance its safety but also differentiate itself from competitors and, most importantly, build a safe and healthy working environment and culture for employees.
A Momento Received to OccuCare Team by Indian Association of Occupational Health
We did a great job with these companies to digitize their Occupational Health & Safety Operations


The widely used heart medicine comes from the biennial plant called foxglove, but its garden value is the bell-shaped flowers in late spring. Annual foxglove is a native of western Europe.
Description of annual foxglove: Foxglove grows for months as a rosette of gray-green leaves; then a tall spike surrounded by buds quickly arises, growing from 3 to 7 feet tall. Most flowers, which are white, cream, pink, salmon, lavender, or red, are marked with blotches of contrasting color.
Growing annual foxglove: Foxglove thrives in light woodlands or at the fringes of tree or shrub plantings. It will grow in average soil if kept moist. When flower spikes appear, fertilize with a general fertilizer. The sturdy spikes normally do not need staking. The seeds are tiny and widely distributed by the wind. To prevent reseeding, cut flower spikes after bloom.
Propagating annual foxglove: By seed. To grow as a biennial, sow seeds outdoors in June or July so husky plants will overwinter. For bloom the first year, sow indoors 8 to 10 weeks prior to planting outdoors. Except for selected varieties, these will bloom in late summer or fall. Seeds germinate at 70 degrees Fahrenheit in 15 to 20 days.
Uses for annual foxglove: Foxglove deserves a place in the mixed cottage garden. Plant it in groups at the back of the border, against fences, near tall shrub hedges or woodlands. They're also useful in the perennial border, providing the height that early perennial gardens often lack. They make useful cut flowers.
Annual foxglove related species: Digitalis lutea brings yellow flowers to the foxglove clan. It grows to 3 feet.
Annual foxglove related varieties: Foxy has a full range of colors and grows to 3 feet tall. Excelsior Mixture contains many colors of tall-growing foxgloves. Apricot is a buttery, copper color, and Alba is pure white.
Scientific name of annual foxglove: Digitalis purpurea


Yoga for Anxiety
Yoga is a great way to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and help manage stress. Practicing yoga can help regulate the body's stress response system, reducing the frequency and intensity of anxiety symptoms. Here are some yoga practices that can be helpful for anxiety:
Deep breathing exercises: Start by taking deep, slow breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth. Focus on the sensation of the breath moving in and out of your body. This can help calm the mind and reduce feelings of anxiety.
Gentle yoga poses: Slow, gentle movements can help release tension in the body and promote relaxation. Try poses like child's pose, seated forward fold, and standing forward fold.
Restorative yoga: Restorative yoga is a form of yoga that uses props like blankets and bolsters to support the body in poses that are held for several minutes. This can help activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response.
Mindfulness meditation: Mindfulness meditation involves paying attention to the present moment with an attitude of curiosity and non-judgment. This practice can help you develop a more positive relationship with your thoughts and emotions, reducing anxiety symptoms.
Remember, yoga is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. If you are experiencing severe or persistent anxiety, it's important to seek the help of a mental health professional.


The pulp of a tooth is the soft area where the nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue are located. When the pulp becomes damaged or infected, Dr. Robert P. Sherman may perform a root canal in Leawood, Kansas. Root canal therapy is a process in which the infected pulp and nerve are removed and the inside of the tooth is cleaned and filled. While this treatment has a reputation of being painful, a root canal is actually no more uncomfortable than having a filling placed.
You may wonder why infected pulp needs to be removed. When the pulp in your tooth is damaged, bacteria form and multiply in the pulp chamber. If the pulp is not removed, the tooth may become abscessed and the infection may spread. This causes a pus-filled pocket to form at the end of a tooth’s root. Drainage problems may extend from the root and a hole can form through the side of the tooth, releasing fluid into the gums or into the gums and skin. Infection may cause bone loss around the tip of your tooth root. If left untreated, infected dental pulp can also cause swelling in the gums that may spread to the face, neck, or head. To avoid these problems, our dentist will recommend root canal therapy. This can help to restore the health of the tooth and keep your smile healthy and free from pain. Please feel free to contact our dental office today to learn more and to schedule an appointment with our dentist!


Night-time tooth grinding (bruxism) is common in children. Parents often complain of the awful noise made by grinding teeth. Luckily, most children outgrow this habit and do not cause serious damage their teeth. The grinding gets less between the ages 6-9, and children tend to stop grinding between ages 9-12. Occasionally, a parent will notice the teeth wearing down from bruxism. This is more concerning, but even in these cases, the baby teeth will usually fall out without pain or problems, although the teeth are ground down.
We do not know exactly why children grind their teeth at night but one theory is that stress due to a new environment, family changes, changes at school, divorce, etc. cause bruxism. Others think that pressure changes in the inner ear may cause a child to brux and grind from moving their jaw in an effort to relieve this pressure. Perhaps it is just a mechanism for children to allow their growing jaws to accommodate their changing occlusion.
Most cases of childhood bruxism do not require treatment. Excessive wear of the teeth (attrition) that is causing discomfort or threatens to expose the tooth nerve can be treated with fillings, crowns or a mouth guard (night guard) may be used. Mouth guards are a last resort because they are difficult to keep in and must be changed frequently as teeth come and go during childhood. If your pre-adolescent has lost all their primary teeth and is still grinding their permanent teeth, then a bruxism mouth guard is important.


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Camillo Federici, original name Giovanni Battista Viassolo, (born April 9, 1749, Garessio, Piedmont [Italy]—died Dec. 23, 1802, Padua [Italy], Austrian Empire), Italian dramatist and actor, whose comedies were highly popular in the late 18th century.
Federici was educated at Turin and showed at an early age a great fondness for literature and especially for the theatre. The praises bestowed on his early attempts determined his choice of a career, and he obtained engagements with several companies both as writer and actor. He married in 1777 and soon after left the stage and devoted himself entirely to composition. He settled at Padua, and the reputation of his numerous comedies rapidly spread in Italy and, for a time, seemed to eclipse that of his predecessors. Most of his pieces were somewhat melodramatic, but he caught something of the new spirit that was manifesting itself in German dramatic literature in the works of Friedrich von Schiller and August von Kotzebue.
Federici found a helpful friend in a wealthy merchant of Padua, Francis Barisan, for whose private theatre he wrote many pieces. He was attacked in 1791 with an illness that disabled him for several years; and he had the misfortune to see his works, in the absence of any copyright law, published by others without his permission. In 1802 he undertook to prepare a collected edition, but only four volumes were completed by the time of his death.


Emotional dysregulation (ED) can be distressing and debilitating to the individual, family, friends and colleagues. It can be difficult to treat and can manifest in numerous ways, including: anger, sadness, anxiety, aggression, mood and general behaviours. Psychotherapy and medications can work, but not in all cases, and the latter can have some negative side effects.
Many young people experience symptoms of distress without meeting criteria for a diagnosis. This research will target the core underlying dysregulation believed to be at the heart of psychological distress in young people, that is, emotional dysregulation.
The following links contain more information about mental health and young people. They also include information about various treatment options available for you, your family or whānau.
If you are worried about the safety of yourself or someone you love, mental health crisis support can be found at the following places.
Youthline 0800 376 633, freetext 234, Web Chat Counselling – Youthline
Kidsline 0800 942 8787
Healthline (Available 24/7) 0800 611 116
The Low Down, freetext 5626
Suicide Crisis Helpline (Available 24/7) 0800 543 354 (0508 TAUTOKO)
Crisis Resolution Services (Available 24/7) (Canterbury ONLY) 0800 920 092
I Need Help Now | Mental Health Foundation Where you’ll find contact details of your local Mental Health Crisis Team.
For more information on Te Puna Toiora (Mental Health and Nutrition Research Group), check out:
Te Puna Toiora (Mental Health and Nutrition Research Group)
Facebook: Mental Health and Nutrition


According to Lindsay kolowich we can segregate persons in two categories at work place. First type of people are more organized, competitive and ambitious and because of more competitive in nature they are little impatient .
Other type of employees are creative, more understanding and little messy in nature. According to Lindsay there are two type of personality at work place , We can named them as A type of personality and B type of personality.
Top engineering colleges in UP provides personality development classes to students. According to American psychological Association type A people have complex pattern of behavior , They laid emphasis on completion of work . They are aggressive in nature and little impatient to achieve their goals. Type B people are of different from A type of people . They are less competitive and less aggressive in nature. They have easy going nature.
We have to identify that which type of person we are at workplace. You can find yourself little A type of personality and little B type of Personality. There is a test named as Disc is s used to access the type personality of a person based on four behavior characteristics.
Steadiness – If a person gets high scores in steadiness shows that particular person empathetic and friendly in nature. This person put a lot of efforts on being liked and try to avoid risk.
Conscientiousness – A person who scores more in Conscientiousness that person tend to be a “data driven problem solver “ , they want to be perfect and correct at work place. They uses words less and try to communicate in non verbal manner.
Dominance: The person who scores more in dominance they try to be dominant, they put more emphasis on their own decision. Influence: Someone who scores high in influence tends to be spontaneous in nature, they are less focused and optimistic.
Personality type may be A type or B type or mix of A and B. Every type of personality is good but goals are different of each people. Each people have different priorities. For some to be liked by everyone matters a lot but for someone to be highly ambitious is main motto of life.
Delhi NCR engineering colleges train their students to enhance their personality and
groomed for future corporate life.


Whether they're banding Peregrine Falcons atop Chicago's skyscrapers, or cataloging breathtaking bird life along remote Amazonian Rivers, Field Museum scientists conduct ground-breaking bird research all over the world. Take a look at a few birding videos from recent trips to watch these men and women at work!
For the full range of field experiences, join Expeditions at the Field Museum, where you can tag along as our staff travels the globe to document and protect cultural and biological diversity. View video reports of their adventures, check out their weekly blogs from the field, browse galleries featuring fantastic photos of their findings, and track their research through interactive experiences and maps!
Peregrine Falcon Expedition Videos
Peregrine Project Overview
Meet Mary Hennen, the director of the Chicago Peregrine Program, and get an overview of the annual chick-banding project that happens each spring.
Watch Mary bravely remove chicks from the nest in preparation for banding, as the anxious parents scold nearby.
Witness the process of chick-banding, and learn how the tags aid in monitoring the Peregrine population's health over time.
See how Mary draws blood from the chicks and discover what these samples tell us about Peregrine breeding, genetic relationships, and health.
Look on as Mary and the team have one last photo session with the Peregrine chicks before reuniting them with their parents in the nesting box.


Category Archives: Dodecanese
The name “Dodecanese” meaning “The Twelve Islands”, denotes today an island group in the southeastern Aegean Sea, comprising fifteen major islands (Agathonisi, Astypalaia, Chalki, Kalymnos, Karpathos, Kasos, Kastellorizo, Kos, Leipsoi, Leros, Nisyros, Patmos, Rhodes, Symi, and Tilos) and 93 smaller islets. Since Antiquity, these islands formed part of the group known as the “Southern Sporades”.
Astypalaia, the westernmost island of the Group, is naturally separated into Mesa Nisi and Exo
Patmos is an ideal destination for nature lovers thanks to its lace-like coastline, sheer cliffs
The Greece's most famous cosmopolitan island a whitewashed paradise in the heart of the Cyclades.
Endless coasts with the turquoise waters, the vegetation, the affluent water springs, the ancient and
Karpathos is the second largest of the Greek Dodecanese islands, in the southeastern Aegean Sea.
Agathonísi is a small Greek island and municipality located at the northernmost point of the
Leros is ideal for peaceful vacation, while you will be amazed by its impressive architecture,
Telendos is a Greek island in the southeastern Aegean Sea, belonging to the Dodecanese.


How does CSPT understand the relationships between temperament and ethnicity?
The CSPT has important applications to questions of cultural diversity. Observations suggest that people of various ethnic backgrounds differ not just in cultural mores and assumptions, but as well in the balance of personalities styles within their populations. For example, if we take groups of equal Capacitance, we see a somewhat higher percentage than average of Early/Lower and Middle/Lower personalities in Native American, South Sea Islander, Hispanic, and African American populations, a somewhat higher percentage than average of Early/Upper/Inner and Middle/Upper/Inner personalities in Americans of Asian background, a somewhat higher percentage than average of Middle-Axis personalities (both upper and lower) in Americans of Eastern European, Scandinavian, and Irish extraction, and a somewhat higher percentage than average of Late-Axis personalities in Americans of predominantly English heritage.
The differences here are in most cases small, but they often have significant implications. For example, traditional public education addresses does very poorly at addressing the needs of Early/Lower and Middle/Lower kids—what ever their background. The aspects of intelligence where these personality styles on average most excel are largely ignored. Not surprisingly, youth from cultural groups where these personalities styles occur with higher than average frequency tend more often than others to feel estranged in public education and to thrive there less well than one might hope and expect. This observation suggests that while increasing the amount of educational content that relates to specific ethnic experience has an important place in educational reform, making education more responsive to our multiple intelligences and to the unique realities of different personality temperaments may be as or more important in the long run.


After the rise to power of the Nazi party in 1933, the Bauhaus was forced to close, as the authorities considered the school a nest of communists and liberals and a source of what they termed ‘degenerate art’. Both Anni and her husband, Josef Albers, a teacher at the Bauhaus, were invited that same year by Philip Johnson, a curator at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, to teach at Black Mountain College (North Carolina, USA). This small experimental art school had been founded by Andrew Rice and Theodore Dreier, two teachers at Rollins College in Florida. Out of frustration with the traditional teaching system, they had decided to open a center of their own where they would offer an interdisciplinary artistic education based on principles of community and collaboration. Visual art itself was to be the basis of the curiculum. The students lived together and shared in the upkeep and management of the facilities, including gardens and farmland. Priority was given to practice over theory, and both students and teachers were encouraged to experiment with new methods and techniques. Other artists who also went to teach at Black Mountain, attracted by the freedom it offered, included the choreographer Merce Cunningham (who founded his own dance company there), the musician John Cage, and the artist Willem de Kooning.
On her experience at Black Mountain College, Albers remarked:
"It turned out to be a very interesting place because it gave us a freedom to build up our own work […] I built up a weaving workshop and got into teaching and developed teaching methods."


It spent almost four decades in space.
Return to Earth
A derelict NASA satellite has plummeted back to Earth after spending almost four decades in orbit.
The space agency's Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), originally launched aboard the space shuttle Challenger in 1984, assisted scientists in figuring out the composition of our planet's stratosphere and what role it played in absorbing the Sun's radiation.
It's the long-awaited final chapter for a spacecraft that has not only exceeded expectations, but greatly contributed to our understanding of our planet's ozone layer and how human activities have damaged it over the decades.
According to the US Department of Defense, the ERBS came down over the northern Pacific Ocean on Sunday, and was expected to mostly burn up during reentry.
Officials, however, expected some of the 5,400-pound satellite to survive the burn, with NASA estimating the chance of harming somebody back on Earth to be approximately one in 9,400.
The ERBS vastly exceeded its two-year service life, operating in Earth's orbit over two decades, helping researchers figure out how human activities have contributed to the amount of incoming and outgoing radiation from the Sun.
The satellite's successor lives on aboard the International Space Station, where aerosol measuring instrument helps collect up-to-date data on the ozone layer to this day.
READ MORE: Retired NASA Earth Radiation Budget Satellite Reenters Atmosphere [NASA]
More on derelict spacecraft: A Derelict Rocket Just Smashed Into the Moon, Experts Say


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1. The number of units in a sample or object.
2. To enumerate.
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Venes, Donald, editor. "Count." Taber's Medical Dictionary, 24th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2021. Nursing Central, nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/743293/all/count.
Count. In: Venes DD, ed. Taber's Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company; 2021. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/743293/all/count. Accessed June 10, 2023.
Count. (2021). In Venes, D. (Ed.), Taber's Medical Dictionary (24th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/743293/all/count
Count [Internet]. In: Venes DD, editors. Taber's Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company; 2021. [cited 2023 June 10]. Available from: https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/743293/all/count.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC T1 - count ID - 743293 ED - Venes,Donald, BT - Taber's Medical Dictionary UR - https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/743293/all/count PB - F.A. Davis Company ET - 24 DB - Nursing Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -


The journey of Lent begins with attention on Jesus. We trace His pathway through incarnate life to death on the Cross. One of the first inklings we have in the Gospels that Jesus’ life will bring salvation at a great cost comes in the prophetic words of Simeon to Mary at Jesus’ presentation in the Temple: “a sword will pierce your own soul too” (Luke 2:35). This sharp word often fades away in much of our reflection on Christmas and Epiphany, but it stands out like a sore thumb. When He grows to adulthood, this theme of costly salvation stands out starkly in Jesus’ temptation in the wilderness. “Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, left the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, where for forty days he was tempted by the devil” (4:1-2). The emptiness of Jesus’ stomach parallels the wilderness in which He wanders. There the devil comes to destabilize Jesus with slippery questions about His identity and purpose: “If you are the Son of God…If you will worship me…If you are the Son of God” (4:3, 7, 9). Ivan Kramskoi’s painting captures the emptiness and utter aloneness of Jesus during these encounters. The landscape seems beautiful but barren, the sun is setting and the day grows dark. Jesus’ demeanor displays a heaviness and perhaps even foreboding about what the night might bring. The encounter between Jesus and the devil echoes the story of Israel’s wandering in the wilderness, caught between the land they fled and the land they hoped to reach. Hungry and tired, they began to lose their way geographically but, even more importantly, they began to lose their way spiritually. But this story of temptation does not merely reflect Israel’s exodus. This episode also echoes our own wandering in wilderness places as people destabilized and tempted, grasped by sin yet reaching for redemption, confused about ourselves and seeking after God. Jesus entered the wilderness for us that He might provide a way through it. Lent helps us see again our need for God but also that there is a way Jesus has made for us through the darkness of sin and death. We do not need to make our own way to the Promised Land. We couldn’t find our way even if we tried. Jesus went before us and carved out a road through the devil’s harsh terrain.


How would Los Angeles react to the release of a toxic airborne agent? How does an epidemic spread across a town, a country, or the world? What did the ancient Anasazi civilization look like, and why did it disappear? In Systems Science for a Dynamic World, a new course taught by Joshua Epstein and Erez Hatna through the Johns Hopkins Systems Institute, undergraduates are learning how to build and interpret mathematical models that help answer these questions.
“Our goal is to prepare students to apply a systems perspective to any field. Beyond learning to build models, students will be able to experiment with them, understand and critique them, explain their results, and use them in almost any discipline,” says Epstein, a professor in Civil Engineering and Applied Mathematics and Statistics who has a joint appointment in the School of Medicine.
The course couples instruction on building mathematical and computational models in the NetLogo modeling environment with a multidisciplinary overview of subjects explored through models—including topics as disparate as the spread of infectious diseases, the dynamics of revolution and civil violence, ethnic segregation, land use change, and urban disaster preparedness.
Epstein and Hatna, an assistant professor at the School of Medicine’s Center for Advanced Modeling, show students what models in different subject areas have in common and how these models can be used to predict outcomes, explain behavior, and guide policy.
Maxwell Yaron ’15, a mechanical engineering major, says that learning to model human behavior will help him be a more effective engineer. “When I design a product for a user, it’s hard to know how the product and the user will interact. With what I’ve learned in this class, I can build a model to predict the interaction and use it to create a better design.”