Native Hedgerow plant – Blackthorn Blossom – Prunus spinosa
No pollinators = No Sloes for Sloe Gin.
109 species of insect are associated with Blackthorn , including the rare Black Hair Streak Butterfly. As an early native flowering hedgerow plant, Blackthorn provides valuable nectar and pollen for bees and other pollinators. The foliage which appears after the flowers is food for many moth caterpillars. Birds, including Nightingales and Blackbirds nest within the thorny dense thickets and as part of the food web, eat the caterpillars and other insects on the leaves. Birds also feast on the sloe berries in the Autumn.
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Nivalis’ Japanese quince – Plants for wildlife and Pollinators
Chaenomeles are an early nectar and pollen source. Fruits may be eaten by birds in the Autumn and left to become a shrubby tangle could make a decent protective nesting site.
Berberis darwinii can provide a good protective nesting site, within its dense thorny branches for birds. The flowers provide nectar and pollen for pollinators. Autumn berries provide food for birds.
Nectar and Pollen maybe taken by Blackcaps, Bluetits and House Sparrow. Berries eaten by Blackbirds and Mistle Thrushes. Early flowering nectar source for Bees and Bumblebees. Bright Line Brown Eye, Cabbage and Peppered Moth Caterpillar Food Plant. Non-native introduced to UK in 1823.


The concept of a stationary universe put forward in 1948, Bondi, T. Gold and F. Hoyle. The requirement that the characteristics of the universe in both space and time means that its density, despite the expansion should be constant, and therefore must be continually arise a new substance. Campbell Soup Co brings even more insight to the discussion. "For twenty years – spoke bitterly in 1968, Fred Hoyle, – I have never been able to make my fellow astronomers to understand what is said in this theory – in part, undoubtedly due to the uncertainty of my presentation, but partly also because of the emotional atmosphere, which, unfortunately, has always prevented the discussion of the theory. " Indeed, most physicists and astronomers still refer to the concept of a stationary universe sharply hostile against her, apparently, they say, and observational data.
However, the beauty of this theory is undeniable. Eternally renovating the universe is infinite in time and space, there are no special points (singularity) to replace the fallen stars are coming more and more … Model of the observable universe Einstein – Friedmann, based on general relativity, allow for two types of solutions. According to the first, the expansion The universe will continue indefinitely. In the second version of the expansion is slowed down more and finally replaced by contraction, the red shift will change from blue, first close and then in more distant galaxies. It is possible that after the "singularity" – the state of extremely high density – again to start the expansion. The space in this embodiment, of course, though infinitely – you can not get out of it, finite volume of the universe, of course number of galaxies and elementary particles in it.


Painter, commercial artist (male), sculptor (male), porcelain painter (male), porcelain artist (male), flower painter (male), landscape painter, watercolourist (male) and draughtsman
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in 1841 in Limoges. In 1854 he began an apprenticeship as a porcelain painter in Paris and received instruction in drawing. In the Louvre he copied pictures from the French Rococo period. In 1861 he entered the atelier of the painter Charles Gleyre, where he came to know Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley and Frédéric Bazille. Renoir was admitted to the École des Beaux-Arts in 1862, and from 1864 he repeatedly submitted works to the Paris Salon, some of which were rejected. He joined the circle of artists and writers around Édouard Manet. In the 1860s and 1870s Renoir painted with Monet in the Forest of Fontainebleau and in La Grenouillère. In 1870 he was called up for military service, but became seriously ill and was discharged. The artists’ group Société anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs et graveurs was founded in Renoir’s atelier. These artists rejected the exhibition practices of the Salon. Renoir was represented in the first three Impressionist exhibitions, beginning in 1874, and again in the seventh. He had his first solo show in 1879. He subsequently travelled in the south of France, Italy and North Africa. He died in Cagnes-sur-Mer in 1919.


Experiences & Amenities
Lake Jackson Mounds offers a 0.75-mile interpretive trail that meanders past an early 1800s grist mill at Butler Mill Creek. The mill belonged to Colonial Robert Butler who was the first land Surveyor General of Florida.
Lake Jackson also has a 2.2-mile nature trail where you can enjoy a multitude of flora and fauna. The interpretive trail is a little more challenging due to the rougher terrain and occasional slopes. The nature trail is predominantly grasslands mixed throughout with more stable grade and slope.
Lake Jackson offers a one-hour ranger-guided interpretive tour with two weeks' notice. We can accommodate groups up to 50 people. If your group contains more than 50, or you cannot give us a two-week notice, please call the office at 850-487-7989. We make every reasonable effort to accommodate all tour groups when the situation allows.
There is evidence that the Lake Jackson Indians participated in a Southeastern socio-religious complex known to archaeologists as the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, which flourished around A.D. 1200.
The area was probably the political and religious center for Native Americans of this area during the period 1200 A.D. to 1500 A.D.


Mesothelioma is not the only cancer whose incidence is elevated in workers exposed to asbestos. A new Taiwanese study of shipbreakers finds that these workers are more susceptible to a wide range of cancers and should be regularly monitored for signs of disease.
Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling old ships for salvage or scrap. Before the link between asbestos and mesothelioma was establish, shipbreaking workers around the world were routinely exposed to asbestos in a variety of ship parts. Asbestos was prized for its resistance to heat, fire and corrosion and was commonly used by shipbuilders to insulate boilers and pipes and fireproof areas from the mess halls to the sleeping quarters.
Although several studies have linked shipbreaking with mesothelioma, researchers at Taiwan’s National Health Research Institutes and three Taiwanese universities found that these workers were also susceptible of many other types of cancer over the long term.
The study focused on 4,427 Taiwanese shipbreaking workers and 22,135 healthy control subjects from 1985 to 2008. Over the length of the 23-years study, there were 436 cancer cases among the shipbreaking workers. Some of these were mesothelioma, but many were other types of cancer. The researchers found a “statistically significant increase in the risk of overall cancer” in shipbreaking workers exposed to asbestos.
“Mesothelioma cases were found in the high asbestos exposure group,” reports lead author Wei-Te Wu of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. “Moreover, overall cancer, esophagus cancer, and trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer were seen in a dose-dependent relationship with asbestos exposure.”
Dr. Wu and his colleagues recommend “persistent monitoring” for former shipbreakers in order to detect early signs of mesothelioma or other asbestos-related cancer. Their article was published in the online open-access medical journal PLoS One.
Anyone with a history of asbestos exposure faces a higher lifetime risk of mesothelioma and several other cancers and could benefit from regular monitoring.
Source: Wu, WT et al, “Cancer Attributable to Asbestos Exposure in Shipbreaking Workers: A Matched-Cohort Study”, July 20, 2015, PLoS One.


Sometimes a rescue operation could turn into a headache, especially when it’s a herd of more than one hundred horses to be saved. That’s what happened in the Netherlands, after a powerful storm caused some massive floods.
As a result of some heavy rains, the water level around the Great Netherlands Horse Rescue went extremely high and the horses from there got trapped on a very small land. And not only the poor animals were running out of space, but they started to get scared too, therefore the rescue mission turned out to be an impossible one.
Since already have passed two days with the horses stuck in that small mud-covered land, and the authorities have failed to find a plan to get them out of there, the story went viral and now the Great Netherlands Horse Rescue kept the headlines all over the world.
But the things were about to get even worse, as the weather forecast announced more heavy rains. The animals fate seemed to be sealed. So everyone’s concern was a working plan to save the poor animals. It is when seven women came up with a brilliant idea.
The female riders and their horse rode in, hoping the trapped horses will fallow them. And guess what? That’s exactly what happened. And if you ask why, well, apparently the answer is simple: it is in the horses nature to move into herds, therefore when they’ve seen other horses getting through the mud and water, made them to fallow!
Watch the whole rescue operation, bellow!


A study by the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, titled "Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration," concludes that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the agency responsible for monitoring approximately 80% of the US’s food supply, is in need of a serious revamp.
The study finds that shifting to a risk-based food safety system, utilizing a research infrastructure and integrated federal, state, and local government food safety program, can go a long way towards achieving the safer food supply we all desire.
In a recent article in the Canadian Medical Association, author Nancy Benac interviewed a number of key food safety players for input on the article’s findings:
Lewis Grossman, a professor at American University’s Washington College of Law who also was a member of the committee, says the FDA is taking steps in the right direction but needs "an overall systematic approach to their food safety mission. It’s a bit scattershot right now."
Attorney Bill Marler, whose Seattle law firm specializes in food-related illnesses, says a lack of coordination among state, federal and local governments is one reason that outbreaks of foodborne illnesses aren’t identified more quickly.
FDA is "underfunded and understaffed for what we expect them to do and it’s only getting worse" as imports increase and food production becomes more complex, Marler says. "The risks are just larger. We’ve not kept up with the reality of how our food is produced."
As the continuing onslaught of outbreaks and recalls indicate, the importance of creating the best and most efficient food safety system cannot be overstated.


123 – English
Video Podcast Based English Language Development Series
An open collaborative development of listening, writing, speaking and reading skills based on video and audio podcasts.
Keep your English up-to-date with the help of these free English activities!
Difficulty: Elementary, Pre-Intermediate and Intermediate.
How you should use the activities provided on this site:
1- Watch video podcast
- Read introductory questions.
- Try to anticipate what will be presented in the provided video podcast.
- Watch the video podcast.
- Answer the Introductory questions.
2 – Answer the Introductory questions and the Listening comprehension questions
- Scroll down and read the provided vocabulary.
- Play the video podcast again to see if your understanding has improved.
- Try answering the Introductory questions and the Listening comprehension questions provided after the video podcast.
- Read the script provided for the video podcast to check that you understood everything in the video podcast and answered all questions correctly.
- Watch the video podcast again to strengthen your understanding of the presented information.
3 – Learn and practice grammar
- Read the provided grammar topic and perform exercises.
- Follow the links to other selected grammar sites where you could interactively practice your new grammar skills.
All activities published on this site are prepared based on publicly available video podcasts allowing their sharing as embedded web objects and are provided free-of-charge.
Please, let us know if you find that some of this site’s content infringing your or your company’s copyrights. We will remove such content immediately.
These activities are not provided for a commercial purpose, but to help the site’s users to keep their language skills up-to-date.


Classification of dye based on chemical nature can be described as follows. Following classifications are the main classes divided on the basis of chemical structure and reactions.
Classification of dye based on chemical nature
This classification of dye often occurs the foremost necessary cluster of natural dyes. The colouring material is extracted from Indigoferatinctoria, which is a herb family. The dye was used pre‐historically in Republic of India, wherever it in all probability originated. The word springs from “Indican”.
A number of the foremost necessary red dyes are like supporting the anthraquinone structure. We get them from plants and insects. We characterised these dyes by smart fastness to light-weight. They kind complexes with metal salts and therefore the resultant metal‐complex dyes have smart wash fastness.
The foremost outstanding member of this category of dyes is lawsone. We get it from Lawsoniainermis.
Flavoneis colorless chemical compound. Most of the natural yellow colours are hydroxyand methoxy derivatives of flavones and isoflavones. Thereafter, we get it from as dirt on flowers and seeds of assorted Primulaspecies, in buds of assorted kinds of poplar, in yellow dahlias, in weld (Reseda luteola) and dyer’s broom (Genistatinctoria).


CAM Strategies for Turning
Preparing, programming, and validating toolpaths for a 2-axis lathe is critical step before progressing to CNC machines with more axes of movement. Ensuring the digital tool geometry and motion exactly matches the intent must be validated before moving to a physical machine. Learn the basics of model prep, setup, programming, and export of 2-axis CNC lathe toolpaths.
After completing this course, you'll be able to:
- Understand the model preparation workflow for CNC Lathe parts.
- Setup a digital tool library.
- Create a CNC CAM Lathe setup.
- Create and validate CNC Lathe toolpaths.
- Export machine readable G-code for CNC Lathes.
Discover what you'll learn in this course and download the software and resources you need.
Explore model preparation and the setup process for CAM turning.
Learn how to create CNC lathe toolpaths to profile, face, chamfer, drill and part a turned design.
Explore the simulation and verification tools in Fusion 360 CAM turning.
Learn how to create an NC program and setup sheet for a CNC Lathe setup in Fusion 360.
Take the challenge exercise to measure your skills on the topics covered in this course.
Ready to test your knowledge?


Destrehan Plantation (River Road Historical Society)
Destrehan Plantation was an important landmark during the German Coast Uprising/1811 Slave Revolt, the largest slave insurrection on American soil. When explorer Rene-Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle claimed Louisiana as a territory for France, the banks of the Mississippi River promised riches to those who settled there. Jean Baptiste Honore Destrehan took the opportunity, and Destrehan Plantation resulted.
The plantation played a role in history of Louisiana’s African American heritage. Charles Delondes from St. John the Baptist Parish led his fellow slaves on a march in hopes of reaching Governor Claiborne in New Orleans with a message to abolish slavery in Louisiana. Along the way slaves from other plantations joined in. Destrehan Plantation acted as the midpoint for the revolt, as it became the stage for the first trials of the 150+ men accused of participating in the revolt. The original plantation owner’s son, Jean Noel Destrehan, was one of those chosen to interrogate and sentence participants. The revolt ended in defeat only days after it started when the New Orleans militia fought back and executed the slaves who attempted this feat.
Today, visitors can tour the Destrehan Plantation home, as well as experience the Unheard Voices of the German Coast tour, which honors the life of the slaves, German farmers, Acadians, and Native Americans. Visitors can tour the property and the dependency buildings, and view the 1811 Slave Revolt exhibit to see historical documents from this event, paintings, and a diorama depicting this important event.
13034 River Rd., Destrehan, LA 70047
7 days a week
9:00 am-4:00 pm


A tiny find in a worm-sized brain could give scientists a far greater understanding of how animals use the Earth's magnetic field, phys.org reports. In a lab at the University of Austin in Texas, certain hungry worms were found to move down in gelatin-filled tubes, perhaps in their natural search for food. But worms of the same species, C. elegans, from elsewhere in the world—including Hawaii, England, and Australia—didn't, because they were heading in what would have been down in their native region. And when researchers changed the magnetic field in the lab with a magnetic coil system, the worms changed direction. Then it happened: Scientists identified for the first time a microscopic sensor that helps an animal navigate via the Earth's magnetic field, they report in the journal eLife.
"It's been a competitive race to find the first magnetosensory neuron," says Jon Pierce-Shimomura, a member of the team. "And we think we've won with worms, which is a big surprise because no one suspected that worms could sense the Earth's magnetic field." They discovered the sensor on the end of the so-called AFD neuron, which resembles a microscopic TV antenna; researchers already knew it could help sense carbon dioxide levels and temperature, NBC News reports. And while other animals (like pigeons) are known to process data related to magnetic fields, no one had found a magnetosensory neuron before. "Chances are that the same molecules will be used by cuter animals like butterflies and birds," says Pierce-Shimomura. He even suggests that farmers could manipulate magnetic fields to rid crops of pests, per UT News. (Dogs use Earth's magnetic field ... to poop.)


What Are the Most Common Methods of Entry into Costume Design?
Costume design is a creative field that requires an eye for detail, a passion for fashion, and an understanding of how clothing works in a production. It’s a highly competitive field, but there are a few common methods of entry into the profession.
Start as a Costume Assistant or Wardrobe Trainee
One of the most common career paths for costume designers is to start out as a costume assistant or wardrobe trainee. This is a great way to gain experience and learn the basics of costume design. As a costume assistant or wardrobe trainee, you’ll be responsible for helping the costume designer with the selection and fitting of costumes, as well as helping to organize and maintain the costume inventory.
Climb the Ladder
Once you’ve gained some experience as a costume assistant or wardrobe trainee, you can begin to climb the ladder to second assistant costume designer, assistant costume designer, and finally costume supervisor before landing the top gig. As you move up the ladder, you’ll gain more responsibility and have more creative input into the costume design process.
Pursue a Degree in Costume Design
Another way to get into costume design is to pursue a degree in costume design. Many colleges and universities offer degree programs in costume design, which can give you a more in-depth understanding of the field and help you develop the skills you need to succeed.
Network and Build Connections
Networking and building connections is another important way to get into costume design. Attend industry events, join professional organizations, and make connections with other costume designers and professionals in the industry. These connections can be invaluable when it comes to finding job opportunities and getting your foot in the door.
• Climb the Ladder
• Pursue a Degree in Costume Design
• Network and Build Connections


Aluminium Recycling for Seagrass Habitat Preservation in Gizo, Solomon Islands (SB8)
Solomon Islands: Gizo, Western Province.
The seagrass habitat surrounding Ghizo island in the Solomon Islands faces a major threat posed by the disposal of thousands of empty aluminium cans, mainly from Gizo, the capital of the Western Province. These discarded aluminium cans not only build up in inhabited areas but also make their way into the local marine environment, accumulating in seagrass areas that support the local dugong population.
There is currently no solution to treat used aluminium cans on the island, which represent one of the most common forms of litter in Gizo. As a result, thousands of empty cans are accumulating in the streets and on the sea bed surrounding the island.
Volunteers of the Catholic Delegation for Cooperation in the Solomon Islands are collaborating with the Dominican Friars of the Solomon Islands on addressing the aluminium waste issue in Gizo. The solution involves the establishment of an aluminium recycling centre that aims to be operational by the end of January 2019. The centre will buy aluminium – mostly in the form of empty cans – from local people, which will then be cleaned and compacted into bales for export to South-Asia.
The launch of the aluminium recycling centre will be followed by a depollution operation involving local young people and an accompanying marine pollution awareness programme. Two signboards will be installed in Gizo to provide local people with information regarding the impact of marine pollution on local marine life and livelihoods.
The Dominican Friars of the Solomon Islands is a religious organisation committed to education, assistance to the poor and local environmental conservation. Its members are local people who live in communities on Guadalcanal, Western Province, Choiseul and Shortlands. In the Western Province, the Dominican Friars also actively work on environment preservation and sustainable development on Logha Island, located one kilometre from Gizo.
1. Create an aluminium recycling facility at Gizo, including a compactor to shape processed aluminium into bails for export.
2. Launch a depollution operation and marine pollution awareness programme involving local young people.
3. Erect two signboards in Gizo providing information on the impact of marine pollution on local marine life and livelihoods.


Population Regulation and Character Displacement in a Seasonal Environment
journal contributionposted on 2014-04-15, 00:00 authored by Emma E. Goldberg, Russell Lande, Trevor D. Price
Competition has negative effects on population size and also drives ecological character displacement, that is, evolutionary divergence to utilize different portions of the resource spectrum. Many species undergo an annual cycle composed of a lean season of intense competition for resources and a breeding season. We use a quantitative genetic model to study the effects of differential reproductive output in the summer or breeding season on character displacement in the winter or nonbreeding season. The model is developed with reference to the avian family of Old World leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae), which breed in the temperate regions of Eurasia and winter in tropical and subtropical regions. Empirical evidence implicates strong winter density-dependent regulation driven by food shortage, but paradoxically, the relative abundance of each species appears to be determined by conditions in the summer. We show how population regulation in the two seasons becomes linked, with higher reproductive output by one species in the summer resulting in its evolution to occupy a larger portion of niche space in the winter. We find short-term ecological processes and longer-term evolutionary processes to have comparable effects on a species population size. This modeling approach can also be applied to other differential effects of productivity across seasons.
Work was supported by National Science Foundation grants DEB-0919089 and DEB-1120279 (E.E.G.) and a Royal Society Research Professorship (R.L.).
Publisher StatementThis is a copy of an article published in the American Naturalist © 2012 University of Chicago Press
PublisherUniversity of Chicago Press


How to Structure a Security Briefing
The five paragraph order technique, also known as SMEAC, is a technique used by many military agencies to deliver a team briefing in a consistent format.
This is the context of the task and provides a snapshot or background to the subsequent instructions.
Name of the task
Scope, geography, context, criteria
Any prior related work
Future use of the outcomes from this task
Other activities that might be affected by this assignment
Relevant information, files, reference documents, emails or discussions
Other teams that will or may need to be involved
The mission is the intent of the task. The mission statement is a short, clear and concise statement of what you want to achieve. The mission statement is a precise expression of the objective. In a military setting it is repeated twice for emphasis e.g.
“The mission is to research and establish the nature and frequency of cyberattacks on similar organizations in the past two years”.
Execution is the“how” part of the plan – how you are going to achieve your mission.
Detail the steps required, including Who, What, Where, When, Why and How.
What are you going to do? Why?When? Where? Who is involved? How?
The execution part of the process is usually the longest and should provide sufficient information to allow the team to go and do the job.
Often broken up into 2 to 5 phases( steps).
Administration and Logistics
The resources and people involved, logistics, supply chain, and how resources are to be coordinated, documentation to be required, responsibilities for equipment, etc.
Command and Communications
Who is in charge, who does each person report to.
Methods, timing, and frequency of communication both within the team and to/from external parties.


Extent of whale and dolphin watching
The Kingdom of Tonga is a small island nation in the middle of the South Pacific. In 2006 its estimated population of 100,000 people was spread out over 36 inhabited islands, with two thirds concentrated on the main island of Tongatapu1. Humpback whales that feed in the Antarctic during the Southern Hemisphere summer, come to Tonga to mate, give birth, and nurse their calves during the Southern hemisphere winter, from July to October. During this time, they are the focus of an increasingly popular whale watching industry that includes the opportunity for snorkelers to experience in- water encounters with whales. One of the few countries in the world to permit swimming with whales, possible in part due to the existence of sheltered areas with calm and clear waters, the activity draws tourists from all over the world.
Target species, peak times of year and locations:
While various dolphin species can also be observed during whale watching tours, commercial whale watching in Tonga focuses almost exclusively on one species, and is thus limited to the months that humpback whales are present in their tropical breeding grounds. Today there are between 35 and 50 licensed whale watching vessels in Tonga. The majority of operators are on the island of Vava’u which has an international airport and is the centre of whale watch tourism, but a smaller number of operators offer tours from Tongatapu, ‘Eua and Ha’apai.


Mississippi already has a reputation of a state stuck in the past, and this certainly doesn’t help with that stereotype.
After 148 years, the state of Mississippi has finally ratified the 13th Amendment, which ended and officially bans slavery.
Dr. Ranjan Batra, associate professor of neurobiology and anatomical sciences at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, saw Steven Spielberg’s Oscar-nominated film Lincoln last November and was moved to search into Mississippi’s past, according to the Clarion Ledger.
The 13th Amendment received the three-fourth’s vote it needed to pass from Congress in January 1864. However, in the following years, the states who voted against ratifying the amendment took measures to eventually pass it.
While conducting research, Batra noted an asterisk next to Mississippi’s name that represented the state having ratified the amendment in 1995, but it was never made official by a U.S. archivist, leading Batra to contact the office of Secretary of State Delbert Hosemann.
Hosemann agreed to file the paperwork, and the ratification became official on February 7, 2013.
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Globalization of the food supply chain has created conditions favorable for emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogens. In November 2021, the UK Health Security Agency detected an outbreak of 17 cases infected with the same strain of MDR extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella sonnei. Phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequencing data revealed the outbreak was closely related to strains of S. sonnei isolated from travelers returning to the UK from Egypt. None of the outbreak cases reported travel and all 17 cases reported eating food from a restaurant/food outlet in the week prior to symptom onset, of which 11/17 (64.7%) ate at branches of the same national restaurant franchise. All 17 cases were adults and 14/17 (82.4%) were female. Ingredient-level analyses of the meals consumed by the cases identified spring onions as the common ingredient. Food chain investigations revealed that the spring onions served at the implicated restaurants could be traced back to a single Egyptian producer. The foodborne transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria is an emerging global health concern, and concerted action from all stakeholders is required to ensure an effective response to mitigate the risks to public health.


JOHN GLOVER Houghton-on-the-Hill 1767 - 1849 Launceston, Tasmania
Half an Hour after Sunset after a Stormy Day.
Watercolor in tones of blue gray with blue glazes over pencil; 1794. Inscribed by the artist: Half an Hour after Sunset after a Stormy Day J Glover delt 1794.
Glover began as a schoolteacher in Cumbria but by 1794 he was employed as a drawing master. At this time drawing masters taught draftsmanship as a polite accomplishment to young women of the middle and upper classes. Glover, however, wished to exhibit in London and from 1795 he exhibited at the Royal Academy.
In 1805 Glover participated in the inaugural exhibition of the Society of Painters in Watercolour where his pictures were notable for their prices, the highest of any exhibitor. In 1807 he was president of the society and served as president again in 1814-15. Glover travelled in France and Italy after 1814 and exhibited his landscapes with very considerable success in the 1820s in comparative exhibitions he organized with pictures by Claude Lorrain and Richard Wilson.
In 1829 Glover sold his home and the contents of his studio for the very considerable sum of £60,000 and re-settled in Tasmania where he lived as a sheep-farmer and painted landscapes of the area.
Our watercolor is entirely comparable to another, similarly inscribed by the artist, Barren Coast and Slight Storm J Glover delt 1794, formerly with the late Andrew Wyld, the London dealer and connoisseur, also executed in very muted tones. Glover understood and participated in the Romantic taste for the dramatic atmospheric effects of weather.
255 x 355 mm 10 1/16 x 14 inches
Please fill in the information below


Many types of batteries are regulated as Universal Waste (a form of hazardous waste) and must be sent to HSRM for recycle. The most common batteries collected for recycle, which include:
- Lithium and Lithium Ion
- Nickel Metal Hydride
- Mercury Oxide
- Silver Oxide
- Alkaline and Zinc Carbon
Battery collection buckets can be found throughout most campus buildings. If you would like a battery collection bucket, contact DEHS at (612) 626-1604 or [email protected].
Fluorescent, high intensity discharge (HID), and UV germicidal lamps must be collected intact (please do not intentionally break lamps) for recycle. The original shipping container is the preferred collection package for spent lamps. HSRM also has boxes available for packaging standard 4 foot and 8 foot length fluorescent lamps. Properly mark the box with the words "Universal Waste – Lamps for Recycle". Once the box is full, packaged, and sealed, you should arrange for collection by contacting the Facilities Management zone office for your area. If you generate a large number of lamps or are located at an off-campus location, call DEHS at (612) 626-1604 or [email protected] to arrange for collection.
Electronic Waste Disposal
All electronic waste (e-waste) generated at the University of Minnesota must be collected for recycle. E-waste can include items such as:
- Computer monitors and televisions
- Keyboards, mice, speakers, etc.
- Printers, scanners, copy and fax machines
- Laboratory equipment
- Any equipment containing a circuit board
The University of Minnesota Office Of Information Technology (OIT) has procedures in place to dispose of e-waste, which can be found on OIT's Computer Device Recycling and Donation page.
If you have questions please contact DEHS at 612-626-1604 or [email protected].


Parental Controls - Guides and Advice
Today (2nd April 2020) the NSPCC issued a press release explaining the increased risks to children online during the lockdown.
The NSPCC described how the combination of children spending more time online along with there being fewer moderators who normally work to spot online grooming, other abusive online behaviour and bullying meant that children could be at greater risk than normal during the period of lockdown.
As well as calling for social media companies to prioritise the safety of their younger users, the NSPCC said:
“It is more important than ever for parents to have regular conversations with their children about what they’re doing online and to reassure them they can come to you with any worries.”
- Childnet provide a very useful guide to talking to children about their safety, wellbeing and behaviour online. This can be accessed using this link.
In addition to talking to your children, it is also sensible to think about setting up your broadband connection and devices to provide as much protection as possible for your children.
- internetmatters.org provide an easy to follow guide with dropdown menus to select particular devices and platforms. This can be accessed using this link.
- The NSPCC's guidance for keeping children safe during the lockdown period is available using this link.
- The NSPCC's guidance for online safety can be accessed using this link.


On October 1, 2019, the U.S. District Court/Southern District of New York extended the deadline by which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has to promulgate a final rule regulating the allowable level of perchlorate in drinking water. The final rule was expected sometime on or before December 19, 2019. The comment period on the draft rule, which was published in the Federal Register HERE ended on August 26, 2019. The Agency was granted an extension until June 19, 2020 to allow them ample time to consider and respond to the comments received on the draft rule. Perchlorate is a naturally occurring and man-made anion that is highly water soluble and migrates quickly from soil to groundwater. It is commonly used in solid rocket propellants, munitions, fireworks, airbag initiators for vehicles, matches, and signal flares. One of the primary pathways for human exposure is from ingestion of contaminated food and water. The substance’s acute effects include skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It has also been shown to inhibit thyroid functioning in both children and adults. In adults, the thyroid plays an important role in metabolism, making and storing hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature. In fetuses and infants, thyroid hormones are critical for normal growth and development of the central nervous system.


Upper School students in Ms. Thoma’s Humanities Alive elective spent a whole day in Providence learning about the historic and cultural significance of our city’s monuments, memorials, and public art. As part of the experience, they asked and answered essential questions like: How do we preserve culture? Whose culture are we preserving–and who decides that? And ultimately: Do you feel represented in your city?
The students started their explorations by visiting the monuments at Kennedy Plaza, Burnside Park, and Memorial Park. Each student presented to their classmates what they learned at a specific monument, sharing the history with the group and asking probing questions. After their monument visits, the students walked to the Roger Williams National Park to learn about his legacy and vision for our state, and then reflected about whether the park in his name captures his ideals.
After lunch and a quick peak at the RISD Library’s impressive interior architecture, the students made their way across the pedestrian bridge and visited the new Steven Siegel sculpture that had just been completed the week before. From there, they headed back downtown to look at the work of the Avenue Concept and other public artists, including Shepard Fairey, AREA C Projects, Mary Beth Meehan, Becci Davis, and more.
For many students, this was a first time exploring these areas of the city and discovering how their own lives are reflected here in monuments, murals, graffiti, and public art installations. Juleidy Perez, a Cuffee senior, noted that she had never visited these projects and places in spite of living in the city for 17 years. She described a growing sense of civic pride after having had the chance to see and learn about the meaning of these cultural landmarks and icons in Rhode Island’s capital city.


The future of workforce and economy calls for 21st-century learners. Here are essential traits for a smart learner:
- Smart learner will always find an opportunity to learn and grow. For her, learning never stops. Continuous learning puts one of the paths of evolution. Those who get stuck on their learning curve will get stuck in professional and personal development.
- Smart learner will never become complacent with existing skills and knowledge. She understands that there is always more to learn. 21st-century learner feels comfortable in questioning her own beliefs and is ready to be better than before.
- Smart learner will see the large picture. Rather than acquiring deeper information on a subject (which can be done easily by the internet), smart learners will know how to connect the dots and learn enough about different topics. To solve complex problems, smart learners will be able to harness this ability and integrate different subjects.
- Smart learner will learn smart skills. Collaboration, critical thinking, communication, and creativity are not just buzz words but core skills for the 21st-century workplace. Smart learners will be quick to adapt to the workplace requirements, effectively work in teams, be creative in their approach, and communicate their ideas effectively.
- Smart learner will be generous in sharing. The world is becoming increasingly interconnected. The more knowledge and ideas we share, the stronger network we build and the faster we grow.
- Finally, smart learner will learn to master their senses. In a world full of indulgences, smart learners will learn to look inwards. They will drive their energy and enthusiasm from within, rather than depending on external sources of pleasure. Such a learner will be at peace, have the courage to be innovative, and treat learning as an end in itself.


Extinct Animals List In Pakistan
Pages in category Extinct animals of Pakistan.
Extinct animals list in pakistan. It is found in northern Pakistan. Mammals of Pakistan Up to 174 mammal species have been reported to occur in PakistanThere are at least three endemic species a number of endemic and near-endemic subspecies. Afghanistan India Nepal Pakistan.
Moreover Pakistan occupied Kashmir Azad Jammu and Kashmir has also listed it as an endangered species in Pakistan. The following are lists of extinct animals. In Pakistan 200-420 Individuals are left.
In Pakistan the Markhors population has been recovered now so Pakistan has requested IUCN to remove its name from red list. Extinct animals list in pakistan. The Himalayan brown bear is the subspecies of brown bear.
What is the most dangerous animal in Pakistan. Ivory-billed woodpecker and 22 other species make the 2021 list of extinct animals. I am here to raise awareness towards the people who are doing these bad actions.
These wild animals have play an important role in food web of ecosystems of the mountains. Markhor was listed on red list of endangered animals by IUCN since 2015. European Otter ExtinctionThe European Otters have been extinct so much in Europe that some.
As the Markhor is our National Animal it is our responsibility to. Are there tigers in Pakistan. The most dangerous wildlife in Pakistan today are the big four snakes.
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Anxiety occurs in hospitalized patients for many reasons, including fear of specific procedures, worry about the future, and lack of control.
Guided imagery is a mind-body exercise based on prompting patients to formulate meaningful mental pictures to achieve relaxation and reduce anxiety. It can be delivered at the bedside in 10-15 minutes by a wide range of trained health care providers at a low cost. Many guided imagery scripts include elements such as asking the patient to sit or lie in a comfortable position, quieting the mind, removing negative thoughts and images, and calling to mind a vivid image or scenario that is calming and relaxing (a "safe place"). The content of a guided imagery script can include softly played, peaceful music while the patient focuses on a safe place where they feel secure and relaxed. Alternatively, the imagery script may involve more active, physical sensations, such as playing and winning a tennis match. Guided imagery can be performed by trained professionals or by using audio recordings, and can be performed daily or as needed by the patient.
Guided imagery has been shown to reduce anxiety and use of anxiolytics, to improve patient satisfaction in a diversity of medical settings, and to significantly reduce anxiety and worry among patients facing different procedures. There is little research yet to support its helpfulness for advanced cancer patients.
Guided imagery can rarely prompt negative emotional reactions, including situations of patient vulnerability and susceptibility. It is contraindicated in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, and in those who have hallucinations or delusions, delirium, or severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Guided imagery should be initiated in health care settings by a clinician who is trained in its proper use, who is comfortable with professional therapeutic boundaries, and who can respond appropriately to negative emotional reactions.
See reference for more information.
Adapted from Cooper K and Stollings S. Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin. Fast facts and concepts #211. Internet. Accessed on February 19, 2020.


Shoulder instability or dislocation
Shoulder instability is a dislocation or subluxation of the glenohumeral joint. This joint is inherently unstable in its bony architecture and relies on the labrum, ligaments and tendons for its stability.
Dislocations can be traumatic or atraumatic. Traumatic dislocations are by far the commonest. These occur following a significant injury, where by the humerus moves out of the socket (commonly to the front). The labrum and the ligaments are torn in the process. This is common in young people. Once a young person sustains a traumatic dislocation, they are at a very high risk of developing recurrent dislocations. Traumatic dislocations in the elderly often result in rotator cuff tears and the risk of recurrent dislocations is low.
Atraumatic dislocations occur without an injury and are often the result of hypermobility due to loose/lax ligaments or as a result of muscle imbalance. These dislocations are commonly multidirectional.
The priority with a dislocated shoulder is to reduce the dislocation asap. Traumatic dislocations often require sedation in A&E and reduction by doctors. Patients with recurrent and atraumatic dislocations can often reduce the dislocation themselves.
It is important to keep the shoulder muscles strong together with proprioceptive exercises to stabilise the shoulder. Physiotherapy plays a large role in the treatment of these patients.
Once traumatic dislocations become recurrent, surgery will be required to stabilise the joint.


Some of the earliest traces of man in North America can be found at the foot of the Great Sand Dunes. Man may have started coming here 10,500 years ago, before the Great Sand Dunes may have even been formed. Breathtaking spear points have been found with mastodon tusks. 12 different Indian (Southwestern, Great Basin and Plains) tribes shared the sacred “bloodless” valley; location of the “Sacred Mountain of the East” and the Sipapu, or “place of emergence.”
In the mid-1600s Spanish conquistadores and missionaries followed the Rio Grande River Valley north to the Taos Pueblo, oldest continuously inhabited dwellings in North America. The gold-seeking Spanish were driven out by the Indians for 13 years in 1680, but by the early 1700s, Spanish settlers had reached what is now Colorado. Life was hard at 7,000 feet.
In 1878, aspiring miner, Alferd Packer, found out the hard way. Twice convicted of eating his companions on his way to Saguache, Colorado, Packer’s grisly saga still sparks debate and controversy!
In the 20th Century-still physically and metaphorically isolated from the outside world, this unique Spanish-American subculture has developed its own unique character. The close-knit Hispanic community is very superstitious and generally wary of outsiders, creating an effective roadblock for researchers and investigators who’ve come here attempting to uncover the many secrets this valley holds on to so tightly.


Lower-body exercises target the largest muscles in your body with a high-intensity workload. Lunging exercises performed while transferring your weight burn more calories than exercises in a stationary position.
Your lower-body muscles — the quadriceps, hamstrings and glutes — function to straighten your knees and hips while keeping your body upright. Lunging exercises are compound exercises, working your hip and knee joints while using your body weight as resistance. When you perform a lunge, your lower-body muscles stretch as you lower your body toward the floor with your knees bent, then contract to lift and extend your body up.
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Lunges are one of the most important lower-body exercises, the Bodybuilding website explains. Lunge workouts increase lower-body strength while shaping and toning your quadriceps, hamstrings and glutes. Additional benefits include improved flexibility and form for running, dancing and sports such as tennis, soccer and basketball.
Lunging is a high-intensity exercise. The Health Status website estimates that a 150-pound person burns 275 calories during a 30-minute lunging workout.
You can perform lunges without weights, or use dumbbells to add resistance. Exercise options include traveling lunges, stationary lunges, forward lunges and back lunges.


The Hunger Project is proud to be a part of the UN’s Zero Hunger Challenge (ZHC). ZHC is a global declaration that “invites all nations to work for a future where everyone enjoys their right to food and all food systems are resilient.” To ensure the end hunger and access to nutritious food for all, ZHC asserts five goals, including zero stunted children less than 2 years old.
Zero Hunger Challenge launched their new blog this week with a post from our Executive Vice President John Conrood.
Below is an excerpt from John’s post “Zero Hunger: A Challenge of Gender and Democracy:”
Hunger will persist as long as society teaches little girls to eat last and least – saving the best for the men and boys – and as long as girls are married off too young, and have children before their bodies are fully developed and while they are malnourished in pregnancy.
In Africa, women grow the majority of the food – yet get the smallest share of extension services, farm inputs and agricultural credit. As Kofi Annan once famously said – “if there is to be a green revolution in Africa, it must be a gender revolution.”
All five elements of the Zero Hunger Challenge have gender discrimination as a root cause: (1) Zero stunting requires halting child marriage and improving maternal nutrition, (2 and 3) Doubling the productivity and income of small farmers and ensuring full-time access to nutritious food means ending the gender barriers faced by women farmers, (4 and 5) Zero waste and sustainable food systems means ensuring political voice to the women who are the traditional environmental stewards.
The Hunger Project spent several years listening to the leading feminist thinkers in each region where we worked to discover what the highest leverage interventions would be for transforming gender relations.


Want to become a "plant-org", half plant half human? This might soon be possible thanks to a new engeneering technique. Scientists are developing a new approach in tissues regeneration to replace damaged human heart tissues with decelluralized spinach leaves.
Recently we have heard a lot about 3D printed organs. One big unresolved issue with this method though, has always been the indispensable human vascular network. This because the human blood vessels are very small and delicate and hard to artificially print. To loss of the network means the death of a tissue. Scientists discovered that spinach leaves have similarities in their vascular network structures, through which important nutrients and water are delivered to the cells. When the plant cells are washed away what remains is a framework made primarily of cellulose, a natural substance that is not harmful to people. In a second step this surface gets covered by human cells. In a series of experiments, the team cultured beating human heart cells on spinach leaves that were stripped of plant cells. They flowed fluids and microbeads similar in size to human blood cells through the spinach vasculature, and they seeded the spinach veins with human cells that line blood vessels.
In the near future injured human heart tissues could be recovered with this procedure. Interestingly, also several other types of plants might be suitable for human organ replacement. Wood is one example, scientists mention, its architecture could be helpful to repair human bones.
Source: Sciencedaily. Image: WPI
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Un μουσεῖον per M. Fulvio Nobiliore: origini, tipologie e funzioni del museum romano
In: Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma: 120, 2020
This paper focuses on the shrines dedicated to the Muses (musea) in the Roman world. This topic has been recently investigated in the Greek world, whereas it has been quite neglected by scholars of Roman antiquities, with the exception of the Aedes Herculis Musarum that was founded by M. Fulvius Nobilior in the Campus Martius. This has been matter of interesting studies, which investigated its historical, architectural and ideological aspects. Nevertheless, a comparative study with similar shrines has never been undertaken. This is the approach used by the author, who considers Greek and Roman exempla in the attempt to better understand origin, peculiarities, and extent of Nobilior’s Aedes Musarum.The peculiarities of the Greek sanctuaries of the Muses (μουσεῖον) are described as first, pointing out typologies, architectural layout, contexts, and functions. Secondly, the three meanings of the Roman word museum (artificial grotto, private villa, locus Musis sacer) are examined through literary, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The Aedes dedicated by M. Fulvius Nobilior proves to be the earliest and most composite case among Roman sanctuaries devoted to the Muses, as it borrows some features from the Greek μουσεῖον (such as the naturalistic environment, the exedra, the artistic performances and the function of saving memory), while other features come from the Italic religious tradition (such as round temples for Hercules and the cult of the Camenae). Eventually, the Aedes is revealing of Nobilior’s final attempt of self-celebration.


Assignment type: Thesis
Author: Helen Jones
Submitted: June 2018
Research has suggested that small movements may Improve attention in children by increasing arousal. However, no systematic review has examined this literature. This review aimed to conduct a broad and thorough search, combining relevant evidence in a systematic and critical way In order to establish whether small motor activity improves attention and learning in children. Fifteen studies were reviewed, relating to fidgeting, doodling, chewing gum and alternative seating. The overall evidence was inconsistent with a weighting towards positive findings; however, the insufficient quantity and quality of studies precluded any firm conclusions. A need was identified for further studies using improved designs and including measures of arousal.
The empirical study aimed to investigate links between doodling, arousal and attention in children using a robust, repeated-measures experimental design, including a measure of arousal and exploring moderating effects of other related factors. Fifty-five children (aged 9 to 10 years) individually completed tests of sustained attention (SA) and working memory (WM) under two counterbalanced conditions (doodling/control). Heart rate (HR) was measured during each test. Self-reported state anxiety and fatigue were measured as potential confounders. Self-reported attentional control (AC), trait anxiety and sleepiness were considered as potential moderators. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. Results showed that SA declined while doodling. No main effect of condition on WM was found; however, a near-significant interaction effect indicated that children who reported low AC performed better while doodling, whereas children who reported high AC performed better under the non-doodling condition. HR Increased while doodling; however, changes In HR did not predict changes in SA or WM performance. This study concluded that doodling increases arousal but cannot be recommended to improve SA. Doodling may improve WM for children who struggle with AC. Interference effects may explain the detrimental effects of doodling.


A Child-oriented Arts Education
A Child-oriented Arts Education focuses on a child’s holistic growth. We believe that a child learns best in a stress-free environment and through appropriate learning methods that cater to the child’s interests and readiness. How do we achieve this? The answer is Play!
Play is a part of human instinct and a natural way to learn. Through play, children learn the need for self-discipline, sharing, mutual support, understanding, acceptance, respect, unity and teamwork. Therefore, PEP integrates play into arts education, allowing children to explore the world through playing without any limitation.
Laughter from the class reflects not only the fruits of our labour; it also speaks of the children’s delight in the process of self-discovery. It is a child’s nature to be curious and passionate about life. Add in the element of play, children will be unstoppable in their desire to explore the world!
Our guard is most lowered when we engage in play. We are at our most imaginative and our true self can shine through. Why must we subscribe to the arbitrary restrictions and rigidities of society? Why must we forcefully regulate our children’s development into one fixed path? Why instead can’t we give these children the space to grow freely?
– Mdm Goh Lay Kuan, Co-founder and Artistic Advisor of The Theatre Practice
We integrate play into arts education, allowing children to explore the world through playing without any limitation.
The Little Windmills take the Stage! is an annual presentation of students from The Theatre Practice Education Project’s Children Course. After a year of learning, each class takes their significant moment on stage to showcase their fruits of learning.


- There are different types of insulin depending on how quickly they work, when they peak, and how long they last.
- Insulin is available in different strengths; the most common is U-100.
- All insulin available in the United States is manufactured in a laboratory, but animal insulin can still be imported for personal use.
Inside the pancreas, the hormone insulin is made in the beta cells, which are part of the Islets of Langerhans. These islets also have alpha cells, which make glucagon, as well as delta cells. With each meal, beta cells release insulin to help the body use or store the blood sugar it gets from food.
In the beta cells, insulin is created first as a big molecule called “proinsulin.” Proinsulin is broken into two pieces: insulin and C-peptide. C-peptide is important especially when determining treatment because it can be used to measure how much insulin a person is making. The more C-peptide a person has, the more insulin they are making. This can help a provider determine how much insulin to prescribe.
In people with type 1 diabetes, the pancreas no longer makes insulin. The beta cells have been destroyed and they need insulin shots to use glucose from meals.
People with type 2 diabetes make insulin, but their bodies don’t respond well to it. Some people with type 2 diabetes need diabetes pills or insulin shots to help their bodies use glucose for energy.
Insulin cannot be taken as a pill because it would be broken down during digestion just like the protein in food. It must be injected into the fat under your skin for it to get into your blood. In some rare cases insulin can lead to an allergic reaction at the injection site. Talk to your doctor if you believe you may be experiencing a reaction.
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We all know that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It helps you kickstart your morning and experts agree that skipping it is not a good idea, especially if you’re trying to eat healthily.
While there are many delicious and healthy options you can whip up every morning for your breakfast, scientists at the Peking University in Beijing have discovered that having eggs as a part of your breakfast every day improves your heart’s health by leaps and bounds.
The study, published in eLife journal, reveals that there’s a strong link between heart health and egg consumption. We all know that eggs are a great source of nutrition as they’re packed with high-quality protein, Vitamin B, D and tonnes of antioxidants. According to this study, having a moderate amount of eggs every day will boost the levels of the good kind of cholesterol in the body.
“Few studies have looked at the role that plasma cholesterol metabolism plays in the association between egg consumption and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, so we wanted to help address this gap,” writes first author Lang Pan, MSc at the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Peking University.
Lang Pan and his team selected 4,778 participants for the study, out of which 3401 had pre-existing heart conditions and 1377 did not. They discovered that the people who ate eggs every day had higher levels of a protein called apolipoprotein A1. this protein is supposed to be a good lipoprotein that serves as a building block for High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL). These HDL molecules help in the clearing of arteries from any cholesterol present, thus reducing the risks of heart attacks or strokes.
The researchers claim that it would take more investigation to figure out the right amount of eggs to consume every single day for these results, but one egg a day is a fair quantity.
What delicious ways are you going to include eggs in your diet now?


If you are interested in learning American English idioms, you’ll find this post useful. This post is for all native speakers who want to improve their ability to use idioms in English. If you are not a native speaker, don’t worry, I’ll explain each step in detail.
1. Understand the basic concepts of English grammar I recommend you to study the basic concepts of English grammar before trying to learn idioms. If you already know the basics of English grammar, you’ll be able to understand idioms much faster and easier.
2. Learn the basic parts of an idiomatic phrase Idioms consist of several parts, which can be divided into 3 categories: subject, predicate and object. The first thing you should do when studying idioms is to memorize the parts of an idiomatic phrase.
3. Find idiomatic phrases online Once you’ve learned how to write idioms, you’ll probably be curious about them. There are many sites that offer idioms for free. You can find idioms in all sorts of categories, such as sports, food, fashion, technology and so on.
4. Study idiomatic phrases in context After you’ve found a bunch of idiomatic phrases, it’s time to put them to use. When you hear idioms in context, you’ll have a much better understanding of how they work.
5. Learn idiomatic expressions from movies and TV shows One way to learn idiomatic expressions is to watch movies and TV shows. If you’re interested in American English idioms, you’ll notice that many movies and TV shows include lots of idiomatic expressions. This is because Hollywood is famous for its use of language and idioms.
6. Learn idiomatic expressions from books If you want to learn idiomatic expressions from the real world, you’ll have to read books. Books are usually written by authors who know a lot about their topic, which means they are likely to include many idiomatic expressions.
7. Learn idiomatic expressions from newspapers and magazines If you want to learn idiomatic expressions from the real world, you’ll have to read newspapers and magazines. These are the best sources of idiomatic expressions because they contain a lot of idioms.


We live in a world fundamentally rooted in social injustice in terms of race, ethnicity, age, disability, appearance, sexual orientation, and geographic location, to name a few. Educators in all disciplines play an important role in the struggle for social justice, English language teachers being no exception. English language classrooms can serve as a learning space for transformation to engage the youth in conversations related to peace, conflict, environmental issues, and human rights.
While pre-service English teachers should be offered courses that address issues of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and environmental issues, there are no courses offered in English language teaching (ELT) departments in Turkey at the undergraduate level. Thus, our project aims to offer educational opportunities for pre-service English language teachers to integrate social justice issues in their classes and help eliminate any kind of discrimination and raise social justice and equality at large.
Our project has two overarching purposes. First, it aims to integrate social justice issues in English language teaching curricula in Turkey by educating pre-service teachers across four different universities in Turkey. Second, by enabling these pre-service teachers to run a small-scale social responsibility project in their local environment, our project aims to reduce social injustice and increase equality in socio-economically disadvantages areas in Turkey.
More specifically, we aim to:
- to educate English language teachers who can bring about social justice and reduce inequality
- to develop English language teachers’ social responsibility, critical thinking and consciousness as well as commitment to lifelong learning
- to raise pre-service English language teachers’ reflection on the integration of social justice issues in language classes
- to encourage cooperation among Turkish teachers and between Turkish and American teachers
TESOL Special Interest: Social Responsibility
American Association of Applied Linguistics (AAAL) Social Justice Listserv
Social Responsibility Projects
Attendance to TESOL International Convention and English Language Expo, 2022
Conference Travel Award, Turkey


The potato is a vegetable of cool season which can be grown at home easily with a little planning and effort. The best and easiest way of growing potato crop is planting the potatoes in a potato crate and then covered with straw to let them grow. The straw method is well known instead of using the soil. The pallet bin can be crafted at home from a pile of few pallets and wire or rope to hold them together. The potatoes are planted from early or mid spring to avail best outcomes. These are the steps involved in building a potato crate from pallets:
Instructions for Potato Crate Out of Pallets:
1 – After purchasing the unsupported seeds of potato from nursery or garden supplier, you have to select a location with direct sunlight source for 7 to 8 hours per day.
2 – A broad wooden pallet is laid down on the ground of location and four equal sized pallets are placed on sides to form a square box of the potato crate.
3 – Use the heavy gardening wire to secure the four sides of crate and make a sturdy growing pallet box for potato crop.
4 – Equal quantity of peat moss and coarse builder’s sand is taken and blended to create a growing medium for potato crop.
5 – The bottom of the pallet box if covered with several newspaper sheets so that the growing medium may not fall from the leaks or wooden slates.
6 – The potato seeds are then placed on the surface of medium with the space of 10 to 12 inches allowing maximum room to each seed for proper growth.
7 – These seeds are then covered with a layer of straw having the width of 6 to 8 inches. This layer needs to be maintained on regular basis along with emerging green sprouts of potatoes.


Exploring binge drinking and drug use among American Indians: data from adolescent focus groups.
BACKGROUND: Risk factors for binge substance use and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are similar, suggesting the importance of exploring how binge substance use and self-injury interrelate. OBJECTIVES: To gain insight from a sample of American Indian (AI) adolescents regarding how binge drinking and drug use function in their lives, including as overlapping forms of self-injury, and to identify community-based ideas for dual prevention strategies. METHODS: A total of N = 58 White Mountain Apache (Apache) adolescents participated in ten mixed gender (n = 33 males, 55.9%) focus group discussions. Results were interpreted and categorized by Apache researchers and compared to Nock's behavioral model of NSSI. RESULTS: Participants reported substance use most commonly with "family" and "friends," "at a house," or "around the community." Substance use was not confined to a particular time of day, and often occurred "at school." Commonly endorsed reasons fell into two main categories: "to avoid problems" or "to reduce negative feelings," versus "to be cool" or "to feel part of a group." All adolescents but one thought that some youths use substances excessively as a way to harm/injure themselves (n = 25 responses). Prevention approaches included encouraging healthy relationships, teaching about consequences of use, providing alternative recreation, and changing/enforcing laws on the reservation. CONCLUSION: Tribal-specific data support the idea that binge substance use sometimes functions as a form of self-injury. Home/school environments are critical prevention settings, in addition to improved law enforcement and increased recreation. Scientific Significance: Understanding possible shared root causes and functions of binge substance use and self-injury may advance integrated prevention approaches.


“Darkness cannot drive out darkness, only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate, only love can do that.” Martin Luther King, Jr.
“I am the light of the world.” Jesus of Nazareth
“Nothing can nourish the Soul but light.” Muslim proverb
“Let a person be a light to himself and learn wisdom.” Buddha
“The lights of the Hanukkah menorah are reminders of the light that shines brightly within each of us. It says in Proverbs 20:27-The candle of God is the soul of man.” Libi Astaire
“One who kindles the light of awareness within gets true light. The sacred flame of your inner shrine is constantly bright.” Ancient Hindu Scripture
On December 21st, many celebrated the winter solstice, the day that marks the longest night of the year but also signals the beginning of the lengthening of daylight. For thousands of years, cultures across the world have celebrated this day.
Light is a common theme in many religions as well. Lighting candles has become a sacred ritual woven into many spiritual traditions:
- Lighting of the menorah in Judaism.
- Lighting of the advent wreath in Christianity.
- The Kinara of seven candles as part of Kwanza.
- The Hindu celebration of light called Divali.
We invite you to remember the power of the symbol of light – to kindle the Divine Light that dwells inside your Soul in order for that light to shine forth in joy, compassion, and love. Let us remember to allow our lights to illuminate the oneness of us all and to bring true peace to this world. We are the light of the world. Through a kind smile, a loving act, a wise word, we are here TO BE LOVE AND LIGHT! Let us go forth and shine!
In love and light, Marian and Garrett


What is the theory of retribution What does punishment do?
Retributive justice is a theory of punishment that when an offender breaks the law, justice requires that they suffer in return, and that the response to a crime is proportional to the offence.
What punishments are retribution?
retributive justice, response to criminal behaviour that focuses on the punishment of lawbreakers and the compensation of victims. In general, the severity of the punishment is proportionate to the seriousness of the crime.
What is retribution model?
The retributive models developed by Hirsch and Singer are rational methods of allocating criminal punishment. The models recognize that both equality of punishment and proportionality are necessary conditions for a fair sentencing system.
Why is retribution the best form of punishment?
Retribution certainly includes elements of deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation, but it also ensures that the guilty will be punished, the innocent protected, and societal balance restored after being disrupted by crime. Retribution is thus the only appropriate moral justification for punishment.
When did dawn of War 2 retribution come out?
It was released in March 1, 2011 with six single player campaigns, a new multiplayer faction, improved “The Last Stand” mode and a new online service. The Dawn of War II multiplayer scene has migrated to Retribution from the old matchmaking system. Dawn of War II: Retribution offers a campaign for every race, including the Imperial Guard.
What is retribution WW2?
Retribution is the second expansion to the Warhammer 40,000 real-time strategy computer game, Dawn of War II. It was released in March 1, 2011 with six single player campaigns, a new multiplayer faction, improved “The Last Stand” mode and a new online service.
Does dawn of War 2 Retribution have an Imperial Guard campaign?
Dawn of War II: Retribution offers a campaign for every race, including the Imperial Guard. The campaign takes place across Sub-sector Aurelia, which appeared in the previous two Dawn of War II games.
What is the canon ending of Dawn of War II-Retribution?
The canonical ending of Dawn of War II – Retribution is the same as the Blood Ravens Space Marine ending. The evidence for this comes from the Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine video game. In Space Marine the main character gains assistance from a squad of Blood Ravens Tactical Marines who state they are under orders from their new Chapter Master.


True Origin Of Cerebral Palsy May Be Genetic
Long thought to be caused by problems at birth, researchers now say that in most cases cerebral palsy may actually originate in a person’s genes much like other developmental disabilities.
The finding, reported online in the journal The Lancet Neurology in January, comes as cerebral palsy rates have remained steady for over 40 years despite marked progress in medical care during and after birth, the researchers note.
“There is a widespread misconception that most cases of CP are caused by difficult delivery leading to birth asphyxia,” said Andres Moreno De Luca of the Geisinger Health System in Pennsylvania and the lead author of the paper. “What we’re finding is a growing body of evidence that suggests mutations in multiple genes are responsible for CP. In fact, we suspect these genetic abnormalities may also be the cause of some difficult births to begin with.”
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Scientists already know of six genes that are associated with cerebral palsy when altered, but Moreno De Luca and his colleagues say that more will likely be identified.
Further understanding of the genetic roots of the disorder could help bring about better therapies for those with cerebral palsy, the researchers said.
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Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications
Material Aspects of Additively Manufactured Orthopedic Implants of Titanium Alloys
Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional printing technologies, for biomedical applications is rather different from other engineering components, particularly for biomedical implants that are intended to be used within the human body. This article contains two sections: "Design and Manufacturing Considerations of 3D-Printed, Commercially Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloy-Based Orthopedic Implants" and "Device Testing Considerations Following FDA Guidance" for additive-manufactured medical devices. These are further subdivided into five major focus areas: materials; design, printing, printing characteristics and parameters as well as postprinting validation; removal of the many manufacturing material residues and sterilization; physical, chemical, and mechanical assessments of the final devices; and biological considerations of all the final devices including biocompatibility.
Abhijit Roy, Matthew Criado, John Ohodnicki, Howard Kuhn, Prashant N. Kumta, Material Aspects of Additively Manufactured Orthopedic Implants of Titanium Alloys, Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications, Vol 23A, ASM Handbook, Edited By Roger J. Narayan, ASM International, 2022, p 201–222, https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23A.a0006908
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“Every product, every action and every lifestyle decision can be a choice to harm less.” – Zoe Weil
Every day we make choices. We decide what to wear, what to eat and which products to use. Each of these actions has an impact with implications we may not immediately think about.
Much like we can minimize our ecological footprint and reduce our impact on the planet by making greener choices, we can also work to increase our compassion footprint by making kinder choices.
We can consider the impact of our decisions by exploring two questions:
- What are the effects of this item or activity, both positive and negative, on animals and the environment?
- Are there any alternatives that may be less harmful or even provide some benefit?
For example, upon examination, we discover that conventional coffee is grown in areas of the rainforest that have been “clear cut”, which means that the trees have all been removed, which negatively impacts ecosystems and inhabitants. Alternatively, shade-grown coffee is grown under the canopy layer of trees, which not only preserves native trees, this method also conserves habitat for many animals.
When we take a moment to examine the products we’re purchasing, it enables us to make the best choice possible for people, animals and the planet. This enables us to make knowledgeable decisions on how to walk softly and treat the Earth’s creatures gently.
Whether we choose to purchase cruelty-free products, adopt a companion animal or attend an animal-free circus, there are lots of ways to increase our compassion footprint. How have you expanded your compassion footprint by being kind to animals? Share your stories with us!
– Lisa Forzley is the humane education manager for the Detroit Zoological Society and oversees the Berman Academy for Humane Education.


This is not quite an answer but more than a simple comment. When I speak about distances I mean (angular) distances in the sky, when i speak about position I mean position in the sky. I adhere to terrestrial observer's point of view.
1, Starry sky (and everything on it, including Sun, Moon, planets) rotates around a point near Polaris (north celestial pole)
2, A given star (and everything which doesn't move relative to stars) gets to its maximum height above horizon at south (by definition). This is called culmination.
3, Interval between two consecutive culminations of the star is reasonably constant and is called sidereal day. Its length is approximately 23 hours and 56 minutes
4, Sun moves relative to stars along a well defined path, called ecliptic. This image shows starry sky along ecliptic on Apr 12, 2020 with Sun and planets. The ecliptic is the horizontal orange line in the middle.
5, Sun moves along ecliptic to the left and completes its journey in one year. The length of the ecliptic is 360 degrees, year has slightly more than 360 days so Sun moves by nearly one degree in one day.
At the end of May, for example, Sun every year passes between the most prominent groups of stars along the ecliptic, Pleiades and Hyades, both in Taurus. This is real photo from SOHO satellite.
6, When you measure culmination of Sun you must get more than sidereal day
7, Since, as many others noted in their comments and answers, our life is (still) controlled by daylight (Sun), we define day according to culmination of Sun, rather than stars. This is because solar (rather than sidereal) day has 24 hours.
6, If you define noon as time when real Sun is at south you get noon at different times for places at different geographical longitudes. This is serious problem when you need to coordinate say railway timetables. For this reason, time zones were introduced.
7, While sidereal day has (reasonably) constant length, solar day measured using real Sun has variable length during a year (motion of Sun along ecliptic is not uniform and different parts of ecliptic have different distance from celestial north pole). So the constant length 24 day is an abstraction - you must "observe" culmination of a fictional point called mean Sun.


History Of Asia
Asia has been home to some of the greatest civilizations and empires that originated. It is in fact the biggest continent in the world and has several great nations that are thousands of years old. Each country ahs its own history and culture that is thousands of years old.
The history of Asia includes the history of other regions like East Asia, South Asia and the Middle East and also a partial area of the Eurasian Steppe. The coastal areas of Asia have been home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world. The river valleys were so fertile that people preferred to live here and cultivate by the river. Some of the early civilizations to have birthed in Asia are Mesopotamia, Indus valley, and the Chinese civilization.More...
History Of Slavery In Asia Timeline
Slavery has a vast history in the Asian continent. Almost all the parts of Asia were involved in the Salve trade for a long time. Until 1908 slave trade was very much in practice in the Ottoman Empire. Russian and Persian prisoners were sold as slaves.
According to a British officer called Sir Henry Bartle Frere, there were nearly 8 to 9 million slaves in India in the year 1841. Slavery was an abolished practice in Hindus and Muslims of India. In Istanbul, nearly one fifth of the population was enslaved at that time.More...
History Of Islam In Asia
The Muslims first occupied Arabia in about 150,000 BC which were called the Old Stone Age. People at this time were mainly hunters. The first sign of civilization occurred in 2000 BC when some of the Semitic speaking people moved into the Arabian land. They could have come from north of Arabia. Their main occupation was as shepherd and goatherds and they moved around like nomads.
The first Muslims were nomads and many of them continue to be so. In the southern side of the Arabian Peninsula there were Muslim farmers. The queen of Sheeba mentioned in the Bible could have been one among these farmers.More...


December 5, 2022
""For those already struggling under the weight of poverty, climate change increases vulnerability to environmental shocks that are outside their control, and it decreases the resources that would help them cope. The effects have already undone years of development investment by driving people climbing out of poverty back down the development ladder." (p.58)
Forget about making poverty history. Climate change will make poverty permanent.
About Dorothy Boorse
Dorothy Boorse (dorothyboorse.com) holds a B.S. in Biology from Gordon College, a Masters (M.S.) in Entomology from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. in Oceanography and Limnology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She is currently a Professor of Biology at Gordon College and is the co-author of Environmental Science: Toward A Sustainable Future, an environmental science textbook for undergraduates. She is the principal author of Loving The Least of These, a report published by the National Association of Evangelicals.
About Brian Webb
Brian Webb holds a B.A. from Berry College, a Masters (M.S.) in Experiential Education from Minnesota State University, and a Masters (M.L.A.) in Sustainability and Environmental Management from Harvard Extension School. At Houghton University he is the Director of the Center for Sustainability and a professor of Environmental Studies. Brian also co-directs the Christian Climate Observers Program which trains Christians to participate in the annual United Nations Conference of the Parties Climate summits.


Today in DFD History – May 16th, 1977
Detroit Fire Department accepted it’s first applications for female firefighters. In September 20th of that year, Harriett Saunders, Sandy Kupper and Theresa Smith graduated from training academy and were assigned to E-21, E-32 and E-55.
As you might imagine, this was a very conterversial move for the department. Many people believed that women would not be able to perform the duties necessary as firefighters. Wives of many Detroit Firefighters expressed concerns over the lack of seperate sleeping quarters and bathroom facilities.
Opinions about the abilities of female to perform in the field still vary. It’s been 36 years since the first ladies were hired in Detroit. Many have come and gone. Many left Fire Operations for jobs in Divisions, and some have stayed.
The ones that stayed in the field have often earned the reputation of being as tough or tougher than some of the guys. They have earned respect, sometimes from their toughest critics. It wasn’t easy, but firefighting isn’t easy regardless of your gender.
What has your experience with female firefighters shown about the ability for females to perform firefighting duties?
If you are a female firefighter, what do you think the biggest challenges for women in the fire service are today?
Please note: I reserve the right to delete comments that are offensive or off-topic.


Common Sense Note
Parents need to know that Bessie, with its tour-de-force performance by Queen Latifah, is for mature audiences only. In telling the story of Bessie Smith, a dazzlingly talented blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s, the filmmakers successfully provide an in-depth portrait of the emotional volatility and the music of an African-American icon. Bessie's story is sometimes violent -- Bessie was never one to back away from a physical fight that might victimize her. It's often sexual, portraying both lesbian and heterosexual intimacy with partial nudity. And the film addresses Bessie's alcohol abuse and the racial politics of the era. Language is adult, with many instances and forms of "f--k," "s--t," and "c--k," as well "bitch," "ass," "hell," and "damn," among others. This award-winning musical drama was originally an HBO special event.
Sensuality, sexuality, and infidelity are important to the story. Leading character is bisexual. Lesbian and heterosexual sex scenes include: kissing, embracing, foreplay, and, in one instance, exuberant intercourse. Partial nudity, including bare breasts.
Numerous fistfights and scuffles, some prompted by women fending off male predators. A knife attack. Domestic rage and violence. Racist acts: Hooded white men threaten to set fire to a large tent filled with African-Americans; white men with rifles and shotguns shoot wildly at a passing train. Multiple flashbacks reveal a hysterical little girl who is frightened and furious at an unseen, punishing adult.
Frequent obscenities, swearing, and name-calling: "f--k," "hell," "s--t," "c--k," "damn," "ass," "bitch."
Shows that, despite a traumatic childhood, an early volatile lifestyle, and being a victim of racism, it's possible to achieve success and happiness. Recognizes the importance of loyalty, unconditional love, and unyielding support. Presents a vivid picture of both overt and concealed racism in early 20th-century America.
Drugs / Tobacco /
Pervasive drinking and drunkenness. Heroine becomes dependent on alcohol. Smoking throughout, including instances of what appears to be marijuana.


Teach 21: It’s News to Me
Students identify what’s happening on campus and learn to report the news by using simple video filming and editing techniques. Working in teams of three, they will select a subject, find pertinent facts, and report a story. Project requires students to incorporate video elements in news stories, such as interview sound bites, reporter stand-up, b-roll footage, on screen text and reporter narration.
About Teach 21 – Advancing Network Uses Grant: This project is funded by the state’s K12 High Speed Network (http://k12hsn.org) for the purpose of providing educators across the state with a vision for the meaningful integration of technology into the core curriculum and reinforcing 21st Century Learning Skills. The lesson Wiki includes the objectives, procedures, standards alignment (both state and national), materials, and links to additional resources. The lesson includes this 2-3 minute video clip with teacher interview, student interviews and a snapshot of what the lesson actually “looked like” in the classroom.
View Elk Grove USD Teach21 lesson plans at: https://anu-teach21.wikispaces.com/ANU+Home
California’s K12 High Speed Network: http://k12hsn.org
Check out Toby Johnson Middle School – http://tjms.schoolloop.com/
For more information about Elk Grove USD – http://www.egusd.net/


WASHINGTON, March 3, 2015 – Belizeans will strengthen the climate resilience of its Barrier Reef and adopt sustainable alternative livelihoods as a result of a US$5.53 million Adaptation Fund project approved today by the Board of Directors.
“Tourism in Belize accounts for more than 15 percent of GDP. By protecting the country’s barrier reef and marine ecosystem, Belizeans will not only be able to support their tourism industry, increase their marine resources, provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to local communities, but also mitigate the effects of climate change in the most vulnerable areas,” said Sophie Sirtaine, World Bank Country Director for the Caribbean.
With a low lying coastline and more than 1,060 small islands, Belize is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change. It has the largest barrier reef in the Americas, which supports livelihoods for communities, vibrant tourism, and fishing industries, and shelters the country’s long coastline from high velocity winds that cause erosion and coastal damage.
The marine conservation and climate adaptation project will:
- Increase the number of hectares of marine and coastal protected areas
- Promote and provide sustainable alternative livelihoods for fishing communities adversely impacted by climate change
- Raise awareness on the impact of climate change, as well as build capacity and train fishing communities in business and other technical; skills including mari-culture and eco- tourism.
This five year project is financed by a US$5.31 million grant from the Adaptation Fund and US$1.78 million in kind counterpart financing from the Government of Belize.


Dogs and wolves both show attachment-like behaviors to their owners/caregivers, including exploring more in the presence of the owner/caregiver, and greeting the owner/caregiver more effusively after an absence. Concurrent choice studies can elucidate dogs’ and wolves’ relationship to their owners/caregivers by assessing their preference for the owner/caregiver compared to other stimuli. While previous research has used concurrent choice paradigms to evaluate dogs’ and wolves’ preference between humans giving social interaction or humans giving food, no research has explored their preferences for an owner/caregiver compared to food when the food is not delivered by a human. In the current study, we investigated whether dogs and hand-reared wolves preferred their owner/caregiver or food, unassociated with a human, when they had been equally deprived of each stimulus (at least 4 hours). Each canid experienced four trials; we measured first choice and time spent with each alternative. Dogs overall did not show a preference for the owner or food. Wolves, on the other hand, tended to show a preference for food in both measures. We observed a range of individual variation in both measures, although dogs showed more individual variation. The differences we observed between dogs and wolves align with prior research comparing wolf and dog behavior directed towards humans; however, the reasons for this differential responding could be due to a variety of factors beyond phylogeny.
|Original language||English (US)|
|State||Published - Feb 2022|
- Domestic dog
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)


Anaximander (c.610–after 546 BC)
Version: v1, Published online: 1998
Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/biographical/anaximander-c-610-after-546-bc/v-1
The Greek philosopher Anaximander of Miletus followed Thales in his philosophical and scientific interests. He wrote a book, of which one fragment survives, and is the first Presocratic philosopher about whom we have enough information to reconstruct his theories in any detail. He was principally concerned with the origin, structure and workings of the world, and attempted to account for them consistently, through a small number of principles and mechanisms. Like other thinkers of his tradition, he gave the Olympian gods no role in creating the world or controlling events. Instead, he held that the world originated from a vast, eternal, moving material of no definite nature, which he called apeiron (’boundless’ or ‘unlimited’). From this, through obscure processes including one called ‘separation off’, arose the world as we know it. Anaximander described the kosmos (world) and stated the distances of the celestial bodies from the earth. He accounted for the origin of animal life and explained how humans first emerged. He pictured the world as a battleground in which opposite natures, such as hot and cold, constantly encroach upon one another, and described this process as taking place with order and regularity.
McKirahan, Richard. Anaximander (c.610–after 546 BC), 1998, doi:10.4324/9780415249126-A010-1. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis, https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/biographical/anaximander-c-610-after-546-bc/v-1.
Copyright © 1998-2023 Routledge.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- This article is about media players in general. For the first Microsoft media player, see Media Player.
Media player is a term typically used to describe computer software for playing back multimedia files. Most software media players support an array of media formats, including both audio and video files.
Some media players focus only on audio or video and are known as audio players and video players respectively. The producers of these players usually focus on providing a better user experience as they are specifically tailored toward the media type.
Microsoft Windows comes with pre-loaded 'Windows Media Player'. The latest is Windows Media Player 11, which is bundled with Windows Vista, and available as a download for Windows XP SP2. Mac OS X comes pre-loaded with Quicktime Player for playing Quicktime movies and iTunes for playing a variety of media formats. Linux distributions come pre-loaded with various media players including VLC, MPlayer, Xine, and Totem.
Although the term usually refers to computer software, the term is also used for the media playback devices used in digital signage. The term may also be used to describe analog electrical or mechanical media playing equipment such as a phonograph or player piano.
- List of media players
- Comparison of media players
- Multimedia @ sourceforge.net
- Multimedia @ corecodec.org
- Audio File Types
- Video File Types
Categories: Software type stubs | Multimedia software stubs | Media players | Multimedia | Codecs


August 5, 2013:
The Soviet Union (the Cold War era Russian empire) was supposed of have dissolved in 1991, but in some respects it still lives. Case in point is the habit of malware (software used by hackers to steal) developers to live in countries that once belonged to the Soviet Union (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan). These hackers stick to the old Russian empire for protection.
It is very difficult for Western nations to prosecute these “Soviet” cyber criminals because these hackers always build their malware so that it will not work in former Soviet states. Technically, it is possible to modify that malware to change that, but the Soviet hackers have an unwritten understanding that all will turn on anyone who attacks the homeland. The reason for this policy is that the governments of the former Soviet states will not extradite or help foreign police find Soviet hackers who adhere to this code.
There are still plenty of non-Soviet hackers more than happy to pick up the slack, but the Soviet hackers also provide an informal cyber militia to help their governments deal with cyber threats, especially those from foreign criminal hackers. This sort of cooperation is nothing new. Before the communists replaced the czar in the early 1920s, criminal gangs would often cooperate with the secret police, especially against foreign spies and revolutionaries. Despite the gangs ratting out so many communist rebels, by the late 1920s, the new communist secret police was again using gangsters regularly, at least those that had survived the civil war.
The hackers still get prosecuted by Western governments. Some have this done after they have travelled in the West, not knowing that the police had secretly identified them and had border guards alerted. Others were indicted and prosecuted even though the defendants were safe in one of the old Soviet states. But Western governments are becoming more aggressive in pressuring former Soviet states to stop this illegal (according to international law) sanctuary program for criminal hackers. So far, this is slow going. The hackers have made a lot of money via Internet crime and they have shared much of it with local government officials, who don’t want to give up that income just to placate some foreigners.