Why Project-Based Learning
Students at the center of the learning journey
Develop analytical approach
It fosters teamwork and problem-solving skills
Develop real-world skills
Project-based learning focuses on higher-order thinking skills, creativity, and collaboration.
Active hands-on learning
Multiple studies have shown that passive rote learning from textbooks is insufficient to prepare a student for today’s world.
Improved affinity towards Math and Science
Project-Based Learning has proven to create improved attitudes toward math and science in students compared to those who did not participate in Project-Based Learning activities.
Skill development through Project-Based Learning
It is equipped with open learning spaces designed to aid learning amongst mixed age and ability groups.
IGCSE standards customised to make learning more holistic and interconnected.
helps students explore real-world knowledge through active exploration.
The syllabus weaves in the concepts of science, math, art, technology, and engineering into projects that learners work on.
Interaction with professionals on topics like hydroponics, robotics, visual thinking, automotive engineering, Indo-Jazz fusion music, beatboxing, marketing to name a few.
Tapas ensures deeper engagement and interaction with learning content that encourages higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills.


Curtain Wall: aluminum-framed wall containing in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building.
Mullions: vertical element that forms a division between units of a window. Its purpose is to provide structural support to an arch or lintel above the window opening.
Truss: A supporting structure composed of beams, girders, or rods commonly of steel or wood lying in a single plane.
Columns: It is a structural element that transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
Veneer: A thin layer applied to another material.
Cladding: Is the application of one material over another to provide a layer that controls the infiltration of weather elements and for aesthetic purposes.
Gasket: a piece of material that is used to make a tight seal between two parts that are joined together.
Hidden Element : it is a tool in Revit that is used to hide a element or category of an object , not permanently.
Leaderline: a leaderline in Revit refers to a line added to connect a text to an object.
Section: refers to an area or hidden part of an object cut away or removed some of that object.
Light bulb: It reveals hidden elements and you can unhide in view element.
Weephole: refers to where water is being let out.
Cork: refers to a seal.
Glazing walls- thin aluminium framed wall containing a glass panel, that is attached to a building but does not carry any load of the building
Proposal: a plan or suggestion put forward for consideration.
Allowable build-able: refers to the space left over after setback and zoning rules are applied and it is where you can build your building.
Stairs: there must be 2 egress stairs in a building and they must be at least 32 inches.
Lot Area: refers to the allowed dimensions for a site.
Digital Tax Map: refers to lot lines, block and lot numbers, street names, lot dimensions, and easements given and used for different sites.
Assets: a useful or good thing.


Survivors of early stage breast cancer who smoke after breast-conserving surgery—a lumpectomy—face a greater risk of developing a new second cancer than women who did not smoke (25 percent versus 9 percent). Smokers were also more likely to devlop cancer in the other breast than non-smokers (13 percent versus 8 percent). Results were correlated 15 years following treatment and were independent of other factors such as age, family history, hormone receptor status, and HER2/neu status.
Researchers from The Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ) studied 796 self-reported smokers who received breast conserving therapy between 1975 and 2007 at Yale University School of Medicine. According to a news release from The CINJ:
Women who survive early-stage breast cancer and smoke have an increased chance of developing a new second cancer in their other breast or elsewhere. Investigators from The Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ) are releasing these findings at an oral presentation during the 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Radium Society taking place this week in Cancun, Mexico. CINJ is a Center of Excellence of UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
It has been shown that women who survive breast cancer have two- to six-times increased risk of developing cancer in their other breast, compared with women who have never had breast cancer. In hopes of making second cancers less likely, researchers have studied risk factors that can be controlled, such as smoking, obesity and alcohol consumption. Conflicting results on this subject recently appeared in studies published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology and the American Journal of Epidemiology. MORE
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Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a prospective material for the storage of hydrogen in solid materials. It can also be envisaged for thermal energy storage applications since it has the potential to reversibly absorb hydrogen in large quantities, theoretically up to 7.6% by weight. Also, MgH2 is inexpensive, abundant, and environmentally friendly, but it operates at relatively high temperatures, and the kinetics of the hydrogenation process is slow. Mechanical milling and the addition of catalyst can alter the activation energy and the kinetic properties of the MgH2 phase. It is known that the addition of titanium hydride (TiH2) lowers the enthalpy and enhances the absorption of hydrogen from MgH2, titanium oxide (TiO2) enhances the desorption of hydrogen and niobium oxide (Nb2O5) enhances the absorption of hydrogen. In this work, the influences of the catalysts, as mentioned above on the properties of MgH2, were studied. The samples were analyzed in terms of crystal and microstructure as well as hydrogen storage properties using a pressure-composition isotherm (PCT)measurement. It has been found that the simultaneous addition of the three catalysts enhances the properties of MgH2, lowers the activation energy and operating temperature, increases the rate of intake and release of hydrogen, and provides the largest gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity.
|出版ステータス||Published - 2020|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Many scholars have embraced world literature as a project to understand literature’s role in a large-scale story of global inequality. Yet critics have paid remarkably little attention to one of the most unevenly distributed of the world’s resources: literacy itself. For most of human history, the written word has been the province of a privileged minority. This essay argues that current discussions of world literature have taken their shape from three print-based institutions — the mass literacy movements of the late nineteenth century, the publishing industry, and the university — all of which have valued writing at the expense of meaningful attention to oral works. Levine explores the serious political implications of effacing orality and proposes specific ways to incorporate orature into the institutions of world literature.
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June 1, 2013
Caroline Levine B. Venkat Mani
Research Article| June 01 2013
The Great Unwritten: World Literature and the Effacement of Orality
Modern Language Quarterly (2013) 74 (2): 217–237.
Caroline Levine; The Great Unwritten: World Literature and the Effacement of Orality. Modern Language Quarterly 1 June 2013; 74 (2): 217–237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-2072998
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A memoir is a type of autobiography. In the same way that Alzheimer's is a type of dementia. You can have dementia and not have Alzheimer's disease. You can write an autobiography and not necessarily have written a memoir.
Often, the terms memoir and autobiography are used interchangeably. Arguably, they share more commonalities than differences.
Similarities Between a Memoir and an Autobiography
- These are life stories
- Written by you, in a first person account
- Both are non-fiction, true, personal accounts of real events
Differences Between a Memoir and an Autobiography
Let's review the most frequently-cited ways to distinguish a memoir from a 'classic' autobiography. Please note, these are generalizations. There could be pieces of writing that don't perfectly fit either definition. That's okay.
Memoirs tend to focus on a particular period of time of a person's life or specific events. Sometimes there is a theme or a subject matter within one's life that gets examined. Alternatively, autobiographies tend to focus on the person's life as a whole.
Memoirs generally move back and forth through time, whereas autobiographies follow a chronological order of events. Many start at birth and more or less go on to proceed through the events of childhood, adolescence, adulthood, etc.
Memoirs have a reputation for being more emotional than classic autobiographies. They place a greater emphasis on the internal experience, thoughts, and feelings of the writer at the time the events being described. On the other hand, autobiographies are known for putting a greater emphasis on facts and providing a detailed history.
Somewhere along the way, we seemed to decide as a society that memoirs can be written by anyone and autobiographies are reserved for important, famous individuals. A bit absurd and elitist, but we're just the messengers here.
Well, there you have it. These are not hard and fast rules. There are always exceptions, of course. That said, hopefully this helped you understand some of the different connotations associated with memoir and autobiography.
Want to start writing your own autobiography or memoir? Consider a Storii subscription.


Part one of a series on pre-K education explores some things that your child will need to know.
Early Childhood Education: Give Your Children an Advantage
If you want your children to succeed academically, you need to start them into early childhood education as soon as possible. They have a lot to learn before they enter kindergarten. Like what: Well for starters, they’re going to need:
- Self-Control-namely the ability to follow rules
- The ability to participate in group activities
- Good interaction with others
In addition, you have to realize that children are essentially sponges at such an early age, and they have been proven to learn best using tactile methods, rather than just sitting still and memorizing. Instead of lectures, early childhood development should be about fostering a love of learning. And your children need to learn everything from motor skills to social development as well as the three R’s.
How Do Children Use Pre-K Education?
Children use pre-k learning in a variety of ways. Since they’re already in the habit of learning, when they go into higher grade levels, they start absorbing content a lot easier than some of their peers. They are able to start to recognize colors, and shapes, as well as sizes, and this knowledge will help them as well. And the education that they receive also helps them in other ways, it helps them to learn the concepts of boundaries and social mores which are imperative for them to have healthy relationships.
So as you see, the greatest of things start from humble beginnings. A good education doesn’t start from kindergarten or even first grade. It starts with good early childhood education.
This concludes part one of our series on pre-K education. Be sure to read part two and part three as well.
Kid’s Corner Preschool & Childcare, LLC [GILBERT]
1450 N Gilbert Rd
Gilbert, AZ 85234


Screening of mobile phones foor the presence of microbes of oral origin
The objectives of this study are to determine the level of bacterial contamination of the mobile phones of dental personnel involved in direct patient care.
Mobile phones are a valuable feature of communication within hospitals, and since they are frequently handled by healthcare personnel, while providing treatment for the patients, there may be a potential for contamination with various pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine the contamination of mobile phones (hospital issued and personal) carried by dental personnel.
Transmission of microbes may happen by two ways - direct contact or indirect contact. Mobile phones come in close contact with the body and serve as a ready surface for colonisation. This may cause infections in the individual as well as there might be cross-infection. The saliva also serves as the index to the microbes present in the body.
Mobile phones have become a basic need for everyday living. The mobile phones not only come into contact with the facial skin but also get contaminated by saliva and the touchscreen are handled multiple times a day which gives way for contamination of microbes from the hand. The health care professionals use their mobile phones during treatment of patients. This leads to contamination of mobile phones by the patient saliva and blood. This may pose as a severe threat for spread of infectious pathogens in the hospital environment.


Airborne dust not only causes disease, it also menaces transportation on land, sea, and air; disrupts renewable energy systems; transports pathogens and toxic substances; and poses many other hazards.
A Symbiosis Between Agriculture and Solar Power
A growing population requires more food and energy, which compete for limited space…unless they don’t.
Solar Panels Nurse Desert Soil Back to Life
Cultivating delicate soil crust in the shade of solar panels might boost the recovery of arid land.
Potentially Good News for Solar Energy During Wildfires
A preliminary analysis suggests that the impact of smoke blocking the Sun during 2020’s megafires was minimal for the nation’s solar panels.
Could Floating Solar Panels Help Mitigate Climate Change?
“Floatovoltaics” are an emerging technology, but their environmental impacts are still unknown.
Better Together: Perovskites Boost Silicon Solar Cell Efficiency
Scientists engineer a way to layer materials to boost efficiency without interrupting manufacturing processes.
How Accurate Are Our Measurements of the Sun’s Energy?
As instruments collecting solar data degrade, researchers must correct for errors. A new study compares several methods to correct solar spectral irradiance measurements.
Observational Data Validate Models of Sun’s Influence on Earth
Using a combination of independent models and observations over multiple timescales, scientists verify two important models that gauge the amount of solar radiation Earth receives.
Oil, Coal Industry Leaders Fault Obama Policies at Energy Forum
In a review of the energy industry, fossil fuel industry leaders said they are fighting federal policies. The solar industry recently benefited from a 5-year tax credit.


On Tuesday, Poland asked for the intervention of the United Nations over World War II reparations with Germany, whose troops remained on Polish territory from 1939 to 1945.
Germany Rules Out Negotiating War Reparations With Poland
"The United Nations system offers instruments for dialogue as well as for introducing the international community to the scale of the damages caused by the German aggression and occupation during the war, and Poland intends to use them," Poland's Deputy Foreign Minister Arkadiusz Mularczyk said.
On Sept. 1, 2022, the Polish government presented a report detailing the material losses suffered by Poland during World War II, along with a pledge to demand money from Germany in reparations, to the tune of US$1.4 trillion.
On Oct. 3, 2022, Poland's Foreign Affairs Ministry sent a diplomatic note to Germany demanding compensation for the damage. On Tuesday, however, Germany's Foreign Ministry responded to the note regarding WWII reparations, stating that the "issue remains closed."
"The position of the German Foreign Office on our note is false. The case of unsettled compensation for Poland for the effects of WWII remains open; morally, politically, and legally. We have an international campaign ahead of us, but I am sure that we will win for both Poland and Poles!," Mularczyk replied.
On Wednesday, Polish government spokesman Piotr Muller announced that his country will also position the demand for war reparations within the European Union's institutions.
"Fleeing from one's own crimes is not the best diplomatic stance and this is something we will make clear both in Europe and at the United Nations," he said.


Ansel Easton Adams (1902-1984) was born in San Francisco, California. A photographer and conservationist, he helped to establish
photography as an art form and is known for his detailed, panoramic photos of the American West. The collection consists of
typescripts, correspondence, photographs, proof sheets, and ephemera related to the creation and publication of two of Adams's
Born Free and Equal (1944) and
Sierra Nevada, the John Muir Trail (1938).
Ansel Easton Adams was born on February 20, 1902 in San Francisco, California; a photographer and conservationist, he helped
to establish photography as an art form and is known for his detailed, panoramic photos of the American West; co-founder,
Group f/64 (1932-34); author of seven portfolios and thirty books, including Born Free and Equal (1944), Yosemite (1960), and Images: 1923-74 (1975); director, Sierra Club, 1934-71; died near Carmel, California, on April 22, 1984.
(1 oversize box)
Property rights to the physical objects belong to UCLA Library Special Collections. All other rights, including copyright,
are retained by the creators and their heirs. It is the responsibility of the researcher to determine who holds the copyright
and pursue the copyright owner or his or her heir for permission to publish where The UC Regents do not hold the copyright.
Open for research. All requests to access special collections materials must be made in advance using the request button located
on this page.


By Andrew Follett
A team of astronomers from the University of Liège in Belgium found three potentially inhabitable planets relatively close to Earth, according to a study published online Monday.
Three planets are in orbit around a star known as TRAPPIST-1. They’re “currently the best place to search for life beyond the solar system,” according to the study. This is because they are likely in the “Goldilocks Zone,” the region around a star that has just the right conditions to find liquid water on a planet’s surface. The three new worlds are only 39.13 light-years, or parsecs, away in the Aquarius constellation.
“This really is a paradigm shift with regards to the planet population and the path towards finding life in the Universe,” Dr. Emmanuël Jehin, the study’s co-author, said in a press release. “So far, the existence of such ‘red worlds’ orbiting ultra-cool dwarf stars was purely theoretical, but now we have not just one lonely planet around such a faint red star but a complete system of three planets!”
The planets were originally located using the Belgian TRAPPIST telescope, but the observations which determined the planets were near the size of Earth were made by the Very Large Telescope in Chile.
“[S]ystems around these tiny stars are the only places where we can detect life on an Earth-sized exoplanet with our current technology,” Dr. Michaël Gillon, the paper’s lead author, said in a press release. “So if we want to find life elsewhere in the Universe, this is where we should start to look.”
Astronomers plan to search these planets for signs of life by studying the effect the atmospheres of the planets have on the light reaching Earth. For Earth-sized planets orbiting most stars this tiny effect is usually swamped starlight, but the TRAPPIST 1 is a red ultra-cool dwarf stars, which isn’t bright enough to block out the effect.
Despite being so close to the Earth, this star is too dim and too red to be seen with the naked eye or even visually with a large amateur telescope.


Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
- August 16, 1920 (aged 84) Salcombe Regis England
- Subjects Of Study:
- chromosphere helium solar prominence spectroscopy sunspot
Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, (born May 17, 1836, Rugby, Warwickshire, Eng.—died Aug. 16, 1920, Salcombe Regis, Devon), British astronomer who in 1868 discovered in the Sun’s atmosphere a previously unknown element that he named helium after Hēlios, the Greek name for the Sun and the Sun god.
Lockyer became a clerk in the War Office in 1857, but his interest in astronomy eventually led to a career in that field. He initiated in 1866 the spectroscopic observation of sunspots, and in 1868 he found that solar prominences are upheavals in a layer that he named the chromosphere. Also in 1868, he and French astronomer Pierre Janssen, working independently, discovered a spectroscopic method of observing solar prominences without the aid of an eclipse to block out the glare of the Sun. Lockyer identified the element helium in the solar spectrum 27 years before that element was found on Earth.
Between 1870 and 1905, Lockyer conducted eight expeditions to observe solar eclipses. He also built a private observatory at Sidmouth and theorized on stellar evolution. A prolific writer, he founded the science periodical Nature in 1869 and edited it until a few months before his death. He was knighted in 1897.


Late 1800s attractive colour advertising for Samuel Clarke's "Fairy Lights" which were designed to burn small slow-burning candles through the night.
Clarke was based in Cricklewood London N.W.
Toning areas on inner pages.
21,50 x 14 cm
Glass Fairy Lights or Fairy Lamps were designed to burn small slow-burning candles through the night. They were first introduced in the early nineteenth century, and had a glass base plate or dish with an inverted cup with a hole in the top which went over the candle. The candles were special ones, some of which could burn for eleven hours.
The name "Fairy Light" is said to come from a trade mark used by Samuel Clarke, showing a fairy with a light on the end of a wand. Clarke was one of the most prolific producers of coloured and fancy night lights. He was a candle-maker who patented this design for a glass night light in the UK, the USA, and Europe. Various glass houses made the lamps under licence from Clarke. There were other designers of Fairy Lamps, but none so well known.
Fairy Lights continued in use until the early 20th century, but they died away as electricity and gas became widely used for lighting.


NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species
Gallagher, T. 2022. Invasive aquatic plant hydrilla found at City of Tonawanda boat launch. WGRZ.com. https://www.wgrz.com/article/tech/science/environment/invasive-aquatic-plant-hydrilla-found-niawanda-park-boat-launch/71-3f43e0ae-24c5-4ecd-bcf2-9ae83118b7e1. Created on 09/30/2022. Accessed on 10/20/2022.
Reference Number: 39066
Author: Gallagher, T.
Date (year): 2022
Title:Invasive aquatic plant hydrilla found at City of Tonawanda boat launch
Accessed on: 10/20/2022
Created on: 09/30/2022
Keywords: hydrilla, Tonawanda, New York
Hydrilla verticillata NY - Niwanda Park Boat Launch, Tonawanda, New York
The data represented on this site vary in accuracy, scale, completeness, extent of coverage and origin. It is the user's responsibility to use these data consistent with their intended purpose and within stated limitations. We highly recommend reviewing metadata files prior to interpreting these data.
Citation information: U.S. Geological Survey. . Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Gainesville, Florida. Accessed [6/8/2023].
Contact us if you are using data from this site for a publication to make sure the data are being used appropriately and for potential co-authorship if warranted.
For general information and questions about the database, contact Wesley Daniel. For problems and technical issues, contact Matthew Neilson.


2 Posts for May, 2011
Arduino Powered Smart Fan Controller
This project will focus on using Arduino to build a smart fan controller. Fan controllers are an effective way to limit or boost the rotation speed of the cooling fans in a desktop computer. While doing something that is CPU and GPU intensive, it may be preferable to have more airflow through the computer case. Quite the opposite is true when there is little load on the CPU and GPU. Silence is golden when performance is not necessary. Typically, case fans are noisy and are connected directly to the 12 Volt power supply. This means the fans are on full strength whether it is needed or not. By limiting the effective voltage in certain situations, one can reduce the noise produced by the fans without affecting performance when needed. The primary objective here is to set a temperature threshold and have the case fans ramp up as needed to keep the case and components cool. To implement a reasonable system where the fans do not kick on and off, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) will be implemented. This feedback mechanism should make sure the fans stay quiet while providing adequate cooling in the computer case. The case fans in any desktop computer are controlled in one of two ways: either they are connected directly to a 12 volt branch of the power supply or they are controlled by the motherboard. Typically, at least the CPU heat-sink’s fan is controlled by the motherboard. The heat-sink’s fan is critical and is excluded from this project. The case fans move air through the chassis, providing cool air across all of the components. The RPM of each case fan is directly related to the voltage applied to the pins cased in their Molex connector. By regulating this voltage, the RPM of each fan can be controlled. By regulating the RPM of the fans, the noise can be reduced when needed. Head past the break for all the details.
Relaunch 1.X: A Launcher for Windows Media Center (Updated)
Relaunch 2.0 has been released. Find it here.
Relaunch is a little utility that will add a tile to the Extras Library in Windows Media Center. It can be downloaded here and the source is here. The .net Framework 4.x is required. Also let’s be clear, this is my first .net app. When Hulu Desktop came out there was a launcher written. There is a launcher for boxee. I got tired of the individual launchers and decided to write a universal one.


In the late 19th century the nation was in the throes of a dizzying era of invention, technology and wealth. Robber baron industrialists made fortunes on new technologies from the telephone to electricity to even bigger manufacturing concerns. For the first time, women could work out of the home without social reprobation, usually in factory settings and often alongside children. Here in Westport, the manufactories that dotted the Saugatuck River expanded, including the Embalming Supply Company and Baynham Coffin Tack factory—capitalizing on new advancements that even affected the way people presented and mourned the dead. Many of these factories employed women, children and immigrants who did not have the social clout to advocate for themselves with respect to fair labor practices, a scenario played out nationwide that eventually led to the rise of labor unions and social reform.
In addition to social activism a renewed interest in the arts and history grew during this era and literary and art salons as well as common interested society’s grew. In 1886 the Westport Reading Room & Lending Library was formed to bring the gift of literature to all Westporters and in 1889, The Saugatuck Historical Society (later renamed the Westport Historical Society) was formed by members of the town’s founding families.
Even the dawn of a powerfully mechanized age could not stop mother nature and in 1888 an historic blizzard hit the East Coast and Connecticut particularly hard, wreaking havoc throughout the state and derailing railway cars. The New Haven line train was halted in Greens Farms where snow piles blocked the tracks.


Image credit: 123rf
Different catheters are used depending on whether they stay in your bladder or are removed once your bladder is empty.
An intermittent catheter is inserted into your bladder to drain the urine, and once your bladder is empty it’s removed.
Intermittent catheters are inserted a few times throughout the day, as decided by your doctor or nurse. Many people learn how to insert a catheter themselves.
An indwelling catheter (IDC) is inserted into your bladder but, unlike an intermittent catheter, it is not removed when your bladder is empty. It is held in place by a small, water-filled balloon that is connected to the catheter. The catheter is attached to a drainage bag outside your body that can be secured to your leg or rest on the floor.
Some indwelling catheters continuously drain urine from your bladder while others have a valve that is opened every few hours to drain your bladder when it feels full.
A suprapubic catheter is a tube that is inserted through your abdominal wall into your bladder. Urine is drained from your bladder into a drainage bag outside your body. A small stitch in your abdomen helps to keep a suprapubic catheter in place. Suprapubic catheters are used when the urethra is damaged or a catheter is unable to be inserted through your urethra.


- Annual plants grow to 3-4 feet tall
- Red seed-trusses ressemble ropelike flowers
- Sometimes grown as a grain
- Long lasting in ornamental gardens
(Amaranthus caudatus) Recorded in South America before the 16th century, often referred to as Inca Wheat. Grown for use as a cereal and in ancient religious ceremonies. Long red ropelike seed-bearing trusses give plants an ornamental and graceful appearance. Great for long-lasting displays. Tender annual, 3-4' tall.
Learn to Grow Love-Lies-Bleeding
Start Indoors: 6-8 weeks before last frost
Germination: 10-14 Days
Plant Outdoors: 9-12” Apart
Light: Sun/Partial Shade
Instructions - Sow seeds indoors just beneath the surface of the soil. Plant out after the danger of frost has passed in late spring. Can also be directly sown after the danger of frost has passed. Tolerates almost any type of soil. Good cut flower, fresh or dried. May require staking
Ratings & Reviews
by Peggy, North Iowa
Really enjoyed them, beautiful color, readily filled up the space in my garden, (give them room to expand) nice and full. Would plant them again!


Physics one-liners for various competitive examinations
Welcome to Physics Section page.
We know the importance of general awareness, GK (General Knowledge) in various competitive exams for aspirants.
We are publishing general awareness notes and study material on various subjects daily.
These Physics notes are extremely useful for all exams including Bank Exams.
Watch Physics One-Liners
1- Centripetal acceleration– A particle executing uniform circular motion undergoes a continuous change in the direction of its velocity which results in an acceleration directed towards the center of the circle is called Centripetal acceleration.
2- An imaginary coordinate system which is either at rest or in uniform motion and where Newton’s Laws are valid is called an inertial frame of reference.
3- An imaginary coordinate system which is attached to a rotating or accelerated body where Newton’s Laws are not valid is called non-inertial frame of reference.
4- The to and fro motion of a particle about a mean position on a fixed path such that the acceleration of the particle is always directed towards the mean position and directly proportional to the displacement of the particle from its mean position is called a simple harmonic motion.
5- The angle through which the radius vector rotates in a given time is called angular displacement. Its units are radians.
6- The rate of angular displacement of a body is called angular velocity. Its units are radian/ second.
7- The Centripetal force is that force which acts at right angles to the motion of the body and causes it to move in a circular path. It is a pseudo force.
8- Any motion that repeats itself along the path in equal intervals of time is called a periodic motion.
9-Since centrifugal force cannot be associated with any object or agent, it is called a fictitious force.
10- If a particle in periodic motion moves back and forth over the same path, then its motion becomes an oscillatory or vibratory motion.
11- A Centrifuge is a machine used to separate heavier particles from lighter particles from a given mixture.
12- The principle of launching an artificial satellite into a proper space orbit is to impart sufficient initial horizontal speed such that it revolves around the Earth at a height.
Also, watch other Physics bits here
Also watch Current Affairs here
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Yom Hazikaron laShoah ve-laG’vurah, known more familiarly as Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Day, occurs each year shortly after Passover.
Commemorating and remembering the 6 million Jews who perished at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators in World War II, as well as the heroism of the Jewish resistance during that time, Holocaust Day has been marked with observances and memorials around the world since 1951. Set in the spring, on the 27th day of the Hebrew month of Nisan, Holocaust Day begins at sunset on April 20 this year and continues with remembrances and ceremonies throughout the ensuing week.
Yad Vashem, Israel’s Holocaust museum, has created an international name-reading initiative for the week of April 20-27. Ordinarily, the week is marked by flags lowered to half-mast, special worship services and other commemorations at synagogues and concentration camp sites such as Auschwitz. Yad Vashem’s campaign, in lieu of gathering for such worldwide memorials during the pandemic, calls for participants to record themselves reading the names of Holocaust victims and share the videos on social media using hashtags such as #RememberingFromHome. Recordings will run a maximum of 15 seconds. In Israel, a siren will sound at 10 a.m. on April 20, signaling the start of two minutes of silence.
“Mankind must remember that peace is not God’s gift to His creatures; peace is our gift to each other.”
This year’s Holocaust Day marks the 75th anniversaries of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, the end of the Holocaust and the end of World War II. Recent polling from the Pew Research Center, however, shows a lack of knowledge amongst Americans on the basic facts of the Holocaust and of Adolf Hitler’s rise to power. Out of 13,000 polled, fewer than half correctly answered multiple choice questions about those subjects.
“Holocaust Day reminds us of the depths of violence to which hatred can lead,” said STAND International Director Edward Parkin. “But as the incomparable Elie Wiesel observed, ‘Mankind must remember that peace is not God’s gift to His creatures; peace is our gift to each other.’ In the spirit of those words, we must work effectively for tolerance and peace amongst all mankind.”


An under-recognized feature of honeybee inate instincts is their skill at adjusting the population to be proportional to cavity stores and size. (All tree hollows are not the same size.) They "want" to fill the cavity with functional comb and maintain a brood volume that keeps the population proportional to the supporting stores that can be stored in that volume. Tough job - but they make it work, if they don't have a beekeeper to contend with.
As a result of this skill, the bigger the wintering cavity, the more bees that are generated for seasonal activities. More bees equals more honey. They also have a safety margin in all critical survival requirements between what must be accomplished to survive, and the work force to get it done. In this case, the safety margin is in excess population. The surplus honey that you call your own is that honey created by the safety margin.
In TN, colonies can winter well in a deep and shallow. Further, if the broodnest is properly backfilled with nectar in the fall, the reserve of the shallow of honey is not needed in the spring buildup and remains capped through swarm season. It is a reserve,and can be used if needed, but remains intact in most seasons.
We might add that for either the single or double deep, properly prepared in the fall, Swarm prevention is quite difficult in the spring. In the single, all the swarm preparations take place in the deep and are hard to head off. In the double, swarm preps include brood in both, and prevention is complicated by broodnest disturbances of some kind. We switched to wintering in a deep and 2 overhead shallows years ago for the added flexibility.


Psychology Explained to a Family Member or Friend
Now people have become more interested in and aware of psychological tricks and ideas. Mental health is one of the critical issues of modern society. Nevertheless, psychology is still an underestimated science area; however, it has obvious value for every person. To explain psychology, specific examples of its application in everyday life are necessary. This allows people to feel its value better and become interested in it.
The first concept needed to explain psychology is self and self-knowledge. Many people spend their lives studying, working, socializing, and mindlessly using the Internet. As a result, they forget about themselves, while everyone has needs, both physical and psychological. People have to know their strengths and weaknesses, communicate, fulfill themselves, and solve problems. In-depth knowledge of psychology allows people to understand each of these aspects of life and become more conscious.
The benefits of psychology also show up in interactions with other people. For instance, this is related to empathy: a deep understanding of another person’s feelings and emotions. The empathic interaction between people is the most productive type of communication. People do not conflict with each other because they understand each other. They respect other people’s needs and know how to better assert their rights without harming others. Another aspect of interpersonal interaction that is crucial for psychology is various conflicts and manipulations. Psychology helps to avoid these situations or to deal with them in the right way. This allows people to maintain relationships with others and mental health.


Version: v1, Published online: 1998
Retrieved June 02, 2023, from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/theology-political/v-1
The concept of political theology was the subject of important controversies in European, and especially German, philosophy, social science and jurisprudence in the twentieth century. After the First World War, a debate took place between the jurist Carl Schmitt, an influential right-wing critic of parliamentary democracy in the Weimar Republic, and the theologian Erik Peterson. Another debate was occasioned by a new, leftist political interpretation of biblical texts in the years after 1960. In that context, ‘political theology’ designates philosophical positions influenced by neo-Marxist philosophies, such as the critical theory of the Frankfurt School. The earlier controversy between Schmitt and Peterson played a role in this later debate as well. Johann Baptist Metz is probably the most important representative of political theology in the later controversy.
Lutz-Bachmann, Matthias. Theology, political, 1998, doi:10.4324/9780415249126-K112-1. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis, https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/theology-political/v-1.
Copyright © 1998-2023 Routledge.


All living things and their habitats
- To explore and compare the differences between things that are living, dead, and things that have never been alive.
- To identify that most living things live in habitats to which they are suited and describe how different habitats provide for the basic needs of different kinds of animals and plants, and how they depend on each other.
- To identify and name a variety of plants and animals in their habitats, including micro-habitats.
- To describe how animals obtain their food from plants and other animals, using the idea of a simple food chain, and identify and name different sources of food.
- To observe and describe how seeds and bulbs grow into mature plants.
- To find out and describe how plants need water, light and a suitable temperature to grow and stay healthy.
Animals, including humans
- To notice that animals, including humans, have offspring which grow into adults.
- To find out about and describe the basic needs of animals, including humans, for survival (water, food and air).
- To describe the importance for humans of exercise, eating the right amounts of different types of food, and hygiene.
Uses of everyday materials
- To identify and compare the suitability of a variety of everyday materials, including wood, metal, plastic, glass, brick, rock, paper and cardboard for particular uses.
- To find out how the shapes of solid objects made from some materials can be changed by squashing, bending, twisting and stretching.


More than 93,000 people died of drug overdoses in 2020, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Last month, the agency announced that these figures, which are still preliminary, nevertheless represented a 29.4 percent increase over 2019, which also saw a record high with 71,000 overdose deaths.
Synthetic opioids, particularly fentanyl, made up the greatest part of the increase, accounting for about 73 percent of deaths in 2020, up from nearly 71 percent in 2019. Other overdose deaths were attributed to methamphetamine, as well as other illegal drugs.
Many of the users were unaware that the drugs they were taking were laced with fentanyl or carfentanil, cheaper, more addictive, and potentially deadly drugs that have even turned up in marijuana recently, unbeknownst to the users.
Heartbreaking and terrifying
“Every one of those people, somebody loved them,” professor Keith Humphreys, a drug and addiction specialist at Stanford University, told The Washington Post.
“It’s terrifying,” he added. “It’s the biggest increase in overdose deaths in the history of the United States. It’s the worst overdose crisis in the history of the United States, and we’re not making progress. It’s really overwhelming.”
Drug overdose fatalities have been increasing over much of the past 25 years, the paper reported.
No simple answers
Experts agree the solution won’t be easy because it requires a multi-pronged approach to the problem.
“The data speak for themselves, and they are shouting,” Nora D. Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), said in a statement about the CDC figures.
“We need to address the social determinants of health that put some people at a higher risk of drug use and addiction,” she said.
“We need to educate people that addiction can be treated. We need to provide access to these treatments for everyone who needs them. We need to follow the science. We need radical collaboration across sectors to create transformative and impactful changes.”


A new analysis of tree-ring data indicates that the climate cycle known as the El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been more active during the latter part of the 20th century than at any other time during the past seven centuries, suggesting that global warming is affecting this climate phenomenon.
Using data from 2,222 tree-ring chronologies from the tropics and mid-latitudes in both the northern and southern Hemispheres, a team of scientists determined that ENSO-related behavior in the late 20th century was far greater than the natural variability reflected in data going back to 1300.
A naturally occurring climate cycle, ENSO is characterized by warmer ocean temperatures off the west coast of South America, a phenomenon that can cause major droughts, floods, and extreme weather across the Pacific.
According to Jinbao Li, a scientist at the University of Hawaii and lead author of the study published in the journal Nature Climate Change, greenhouse gases are altering the planet’s radiation balance and thus intensifying ENSO cycles. Li said the research “supports the idea that the unusually high ENSO activity in the late 20th century is a footprint of global warming.”
Article appearing courtesy Yale Environment 360.


The Dungeon of Madness In this story, Edgar Allan Poe (such as in many of his works) uses the setting to create a dark image inside our minds. He makes this specially through darkness, therefore the character makes a connection with death. “The physical setting oppresses him in the visions of his graveyard” (1).
“The setting plays an important role in how the narrator discovers the many ways he may die” (2). It is a dungeon full of torturing traps, and the character, as any normal human, feels terror inside his prison and fears his death in any of the cruel ways arranged for him. Still, he has to decide between death and the relief which it brings or life with the interminable agony of being tortured as a lab mouse. The best terror stories create suspense through the setting. Most of the times, the character does not know completely where he is or what enemy or problem he is facing. In “The Pit and the Pendulum”, the underground prison is dark; as a result, the character compares the place with hell or even his tomb. That is why at the beginning, during his dream-like state, he does not want to open his eyes and we do not know where he is either.
- Thesis Statement
- Structure and Outline
- Voice and Grammar
The darkness makes the character struggle with the idea of trusting his senses or not. Also, he is afraid to discover more mean ways in which he may die. Poe creates a disgusting atmosphere for the setting. He starts describing the prison as a "damp and hard place." There is no light and the character is not able to see anything. It has a damp and slippery stone floor, a very greasy wall; it is about fifty yards in circuit and smells like rotten meat.
This dark, decayed, disgusting and risky place makes the character confused and makes him feel inside hell. He feels despair and does not understand the cruelness of his captors (even though he had heard some stories, being there was worse). The psychological setting of confusion, discrimination and madness makes the character turn crazy with his different and contrasting thoughts; like stillness against tumultuous sounds, insensibility against full memory or fear against peace. We do not know exactly, but the psychological setting may represent the experience of racism or discrimination and its consequences. A person can live.


Winston Mano interviewed by the SABC News’ The Globe programme about the significance of World Press Freedom Day
Democracy and development on the African continent require open media that allow the public to freely send and receive information, regardless of the caveats on public order and security. The World Press Freedom Day is an opportunity to reflect on gains and challenges faced by journalism in Africa. This year is important, coming 60 years after African independence and 30 years after the Windhoek Declaration which prompted the UN to establish the World Press Freedom Day. To some extent there is a mixed picture on the continent, with some positives in terms of pluralism but also undue restrictions on the media by a variety of forces. The media themselves are struggling from a pleathora of pressures, infringement and abuses of the media. Talking with SABC’s Peter Ndoro, Winston Mano emphasised that the promising opening up of media space in Africa is backsliding especially given the new controls related to reporting the Covid pandemic. Paronoid governments are not fascilitating the reporting of corruption or the management of the epidemic. In many ways it similar to the days of fighting terrorism. Business, religious and new digital platforms are adding to capture of the media. Journalists in Africa continue to suffer from crisis of power and domination by vested interests, undue state controls/ownerships. The dwindling funding have made the media more vulnerable to controls. The private or independently media space is shrinking due to competition as well as limited sponsorship and advertising. Hostile economic pressures have brought undue pressure on public interest media such as the SABC. A neoliberal framework has introduced unhealthy cost -cutting measures. In South Africa groups such as SOS have done well to push back on the undue threats and pressures on the media. Social media have emerged as a good alternative but their role is restricted by harsh controls and internet shutdowns by paranoid authorities. Ultimately the questions are: free speech for whom? Whose voices are being heard, who should be heard? The answer is not encouraging as the majority rural Africans are still outside formal media, local languages are shunned by main media, the poor cannot afford the media. The necessary corrective is for communication rights of Africans to be grounded and responsive to African experience.


Every year a combined training mission between the Chilean and Argentinean Armies is conducted over the north-eastern section of the Antarctic Peninsula. In September 2011, a group of six participants from the Chilean base O’Higgins and five of the Argentinean base Esperanza, faced 100km/hr winds and temperatures of -24°C in a 280km "rescue" of two scientists who had fallen into a crevasse.
As part of the training mission, the Barrett exclusive dealer in Chile, Skytel Telecomunicaciones, were asked to supply equipment on a trial basis. Skytel Telecomunicaciones supplied the Barrett 2050 HF transceiver, which was set up as a base station at O’Higgins Base. A second Barrett 2050 was mounted onto a snowmobile with a Barrett 2019 automatic tuning mobile HF antenna.
Skytel Telecomunicaciones managing director Mr Jose San Martin said, "The training mission is part of the Antarctic Treaty, and this exercise prepares the Chilean and Argentinean military ready to act in the case of a real accident and when the weather prevents an air rescue. We understand the equipment performed well during the mission and further discussions have progressed since the mission."
Between the months of November and May each year the military personnel of the O’Higgins base support 16 scientific projects. In September 2005, three military personnel died when their snowmobile fell into a crevasse 17km east of the O’Higgins base. A senior member of the 2011 expedition team explained, "On the Antarctic it is difficult to predict the weather and in minutes the conditions change suddenly. For example, when the blizzards start you can only advance with the assistance of a GPS because the white wind creates a complete whiteout. Our lead snowmobiles have special radar to alert us of the presence of crevasses covered by snow and we have satellite images to further support these missions."


In our exploration of the vast Universe, the discovery of an exoplanet is always an exciting one!
We are lucky enough to be somewhat acquainted with the other 7 planets in our Solar System but beyond our solar shores there are thousands of other planets orbiting other suns, in other galaxies. These planets are called Exoplanets – the term used for a planet orbiting a sun beyond our Solar System. There are currently more that 4000 confirmed exoplanets in our Universe but that’s just what we have been able to discover so far!
Introducing Two Giant Exoplanets
Meet TYC 8998-760-1 b and TYC 8998-760-1 c, two such exoplanets discovered orbiting the sunlike star TYC 8998-760-1 earlier this year. These are their first images captured by an international team of scientists led by Alexander J. Bohn of Leiden University in the Netherlands and were captured at the European Southern Observatory in Chile. #darkskies
They are both gas giants with Planet b around 14 times the largest planet in our own system and c, around 6 times the mass. In order to capture their light, the researchers blocked the most intense light coming from the system’s star in order to capture the fainter light coming from the exoplanets. This created the bright ring around the star’s image.
What makes this discovery all the more most exciting is that this is the first multi-planet system to be directly imaged around a sun-like star. TYC 8998-760-1 is meandering in space at a whopping 300 light years from planet Earth. One light year measured as the distance a ray of light would travel in one year, or around 6 trillion miles. The distances are mind-boggling. So the image we see captured below is actually from 300 years ago – how’s that for a window on the past?
Coming soon: The Hunt for THE Exoplanet.


The Ember House
The Ember House is a youth activity that promotes wildfire ember awareness for young and old alike. Built by University of Nevada Reno, Extension, the Ember House is a scaled-down house front featuring spots vulnerable to embers, such as rain gutters with pine needles, a wood shake roof, an open window, unscreened vents, a juniper bush and an open garbage can. When used at community events, youth participants are given three beanbag “embers” which they toss at the house, trying to land them onto the vulnerable spots.
Hopefully, the parents are asking “Why do they have my child throwing beanbag embers at this house?” which presents a valuable teachable moment. This is a great time to hand out the Be Ember Aware! publication and discuss ember preparedness with the adults.
Ember House 3.0 is available for use at your school, community or fire station event. You can reserve it for your own use with advance notice, or when available, a Living With Fire program representative can be asked to participate. Ember House 3.0 should be transported behind the front seat of an extended cab truck or SUV. If using the bed of a truck, it must be placed face down with the brackets facing up. It can be assembled quickly, but requires two individuals. When using the Ember House 3.0, sand bags must be used to stabilize the structure.


Developing an online course starts with a vision we develop together. A vision for what students will remember five years after they’ve taken your course. A vision of the kinds of experiences you want to provide. A vision to engage and inspire.
This portfolio showcases examples of our work. Whether you’re looking to develop a lab course in an online format (we can do that!) or an online seminar course for graduate students (we have you covered!), or even a course incorporating a real-world project with a real-world partner (yep, we’ve done that!), we’re on it!
Here you'll find sample lessons representative of various course formats.
A text-first course functions basically as an online textbook. It contains many images, some video, and interactive elements for students. These courses are common in our library of courses and serve many students each semester.
A seminar course is usually a relatively small-enrolling, discussion-based course. Students are required to read and complete assignments before coming together to discuss topics and themes.
A course that relies on multimodal instruction is a course that provides instruction in several different ways, including video, pictures, audio, and text, to expose students to the same concept repeatedly and in different ways or “modes.”
Making an Impact (Engagement) Course
A course designed for making an impact centers on real-world experience. Students engage in learning that's designed to help them make an impact in their community.
A Programming course provides the setting for students to gain “hands-on” experience with a programming language.
A lab course provides the setting for students to gain “hands-on” research experience while working through course material online.
Working with the Dutton Institute
Our team works together to implement our design process and create exceptional learning experiences. Visit our Portfolio site to see examples of our work.


What do you do if you don't have a breathtaking room full of ancient bones and fossils? You get yourself a 3D printer and start downloading files from African Fossils, an online archive of prehistoric East African artifacts. No pith helmet required.
With over 40 digitized fossils in their collection, you can explore 3D renders of fossils representing prehistoric animals, human ancestors, and even ancient tools. Captured using Autodesk software, an SLR camera, and often the original specimen (rather than a cast replica), these renderings bring us closer than most will ever get to holding ancient artifacts. And if you've got an additive manufacturing device at your disposal, you can even download plans on Sketchfab to generate your own. Take a look!
Gorilla_Skull_1 from anvesoft on Sketchfab.
There's something strangely invigorating about the notion that modern technology and the power of the internet can let you hold a strikingly accurate replica of a 20-million-year-old fossil in your hand. It's not the first time accurate representations of ancient artifacts have been 3D-printed—Cornell's Hod Lipson has experimented with 3D-printing cuneiform tablets, and Harvard's Semitic Museum began repairing some of its artifacts with 3D printers last year—but, whether you're a serious bonehead or just casually curious, flip through the gallery and take a look at how far we've come. [H/T Ron Golan/@sketchfab]


Cover; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Kashmir -- The Beginning; 1947-48 Indo-Pak Conflict; LIC Preceding 1965 Indo-Pak War; The Siachen Imbroglio; Active Insurgency; Kargil; Pre-Independence Period; Post-Independence Period; Assam -- ULFA; Assam -- Bodo Resistance; Nagaland; Manipur; Mizoram; Tripura; Gorkhaland Movement; Naxalite Movements; Conclusion; Appendices; Bibliography; Index; About the Author
Low intensity conflicts (or LICs) are motivated and sustained by a strong ideology--be it economic, political, ethnic or psychological. Through a sustained process of attrition, these often protracted struggles are capable of bringing the state to its knees, besides draining the exchequer and resulting in the loss of many lives. This important book is the first comprehensive account of LICs in India from 1947 to the present. The conflicts covered in detail are:. - Militancy in both Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir. - The complex problems in the North-East. - The agitation for Gorkhaland and Naxalit
"United Service Institution of India."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 494-499) and index
Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/benchrepro0212 MiAaHDL
Print version record
digitized 2010 HathiTrust Digital Library committed to preserve pda MiAaHDL


Who uses speech to text also known as voice typing?
Speech recognition tools are a useful addition for most people. In other words, almost anyone who wants to use a speech to text software will easily see the benefits of them almost instantly.
This tool is built to help enhance productivity for professionals who can save time by typing faster notes, taking more efficient and effective meeting notes, creating thorough to-do lists, and dictating on the go.
Many people benefit from using the voice typing and talk to text feature. This is a useful talk to text tool for professionals, teachers and students looking to excel. It can enhance the ability to take accurate class notes, be a true game changer for thesis statement work, enhance vocabulary, and improve just about any type of writing or speaking someone might do.
Dictation is an assistive technology and we are thrilled to help thousands of people around the globe everyday who struggle with writing. This speech recognition tool is helping people facing dysgraphia, dyslexia and other learning and thinking differences that impact writing. Blind or vision impaired people also find it helpful.
Speak to text allows you to write with your voice instead of writing by hand or with a keyboard. Speech to text software is designed to make typing easier than ever by only requiring a voice to transcribe dictation.
Speech to text or voice typer helps those who are interested in keeping their concentration and workflow going without distractions, those who are physically impaired, and those who simply enjoy the convenience of not having to type or write out their thoughts.


How easy would it be to feed 10 Billion (10,000,000,000) people in 3 decades?
Will, we – humanity, as a whole – be able to “stretch” our liters, so to speak, use the same amount of water needed to grow our food – for an ever-growing number of mouths?
In this episode, we learn how agricultural R&D, alongside soilless growing methods, might be an answer (if not the answer) to make more – out of less.
In 2007, out of 6.7 billion human beings in the world, a tad more than 50% of them lived in cities.
With the number of cities – and especially Megacities (urban entities with at least 10 million inhabitants) – constantly on the rise worldwide, we examine how human beings – and water – coexist in a city.
Dr. Noam Austerlitz – architect and scholar (Linkedin) Sally Levi CEO of Meniv – Rishon Letzion’s water and wastewater utility (linkedin) Chris Dermody – CIO, Denver Water (Linkedin) – Mr. Dermody was a guest from the https://www.ici.fund/ Biju George – CEO, DC water (linkedin) – Mr. George was a guest from the https://www.ici.fund/ Oded Distel – Head of Israel NewTech (linkedin)
A healthy water sector in a country is a predictor for high GDP, lower poverty rates and – not surprisingly – lower child mortality.
In our high-tech world it is hard to imagine that every day 800 kids under the age of five die due to ill health caused by lack of clean water and lack of sanitation. That’s nearly 300,000 boys and girls who die needlessly every year. It’s as if the entire population of Cincinnati or Pittsburgh would suddenly vanish.
The UN came up with a holistic view on the problem – clean water sources without the presence of proper sanitation infrastructure won’t stay clean for long; proper sanitation without understanding basic hygiene won’t fly either. In comes the notion of WASH – an acronym for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene.
In today’s episode we delve into the world of WASH and talk about the challenges – both practical and financial.


These popular relatives to the bell-flowers form a mound of green foliage, bearing inflated buds that open into large star-shaped blue blossoms that almost resemble sky-blue eggs. These are so unique that countless children have found themselves in serious trouble for 'popping' them before the flower opens! (They make quite a pop!)
For best results, sow immediately onto a good soil-based compost. Cover the seeds with fine grit or compost to approximately their own depth. They can be sown at any time, and germination can sometimes be quicker if kept at 15 to 20 degrees C. We sow most seeds in an unheated greenhouse and wait for natural germination, as many seeds have built-in dormancy mechanisms, often waiting for natural spring germination, hence giving them a full season of growth.
Common name:Japanese bellflower, common balloon flower, balloon flower. Campanula persicifolia grandiflora, Peach Leaf bellflower, Chinese Balloon
Packet Content:400+ (Approx)


Preschool STEAM (for children ages 2-6) is all about having fun with science, technology, math and art! There is no right or wrong way for children to experiment – the fun and learning comes from the doing! Early childhood research shows us that little hands and minds learn best when at play.
For our February STEAM adventure, we explored buoyancy and density!
Kiddie pools or pails/containers filled with water
Various objects that either float or sink in water
THE SCIENCE BEHIND IT
Buoyancy & Density
Whether an object sinks or floats depends on its density. Everything is made of molecules. Molecules are tiny particles that can only be seen with a microscope. Some objects have molecules that are packed closely together. Others have molecules that are packed more loosely. This is density. Objects with tightly packed molecules are denser and sink. A paper clip or a penny is dense. Objects with more loosely packed molecules are less dense and float. Wood, cork or sponges float. Easy Science for Kids
What Floats? What Sinks? Kids Find Out!
Making boats that float using aluminum foil. Which design will hold pennies while floating on the water?
Join us on Monday, March 23 for another Preschool STEAM adventure! Location: Central Library Studio on 4th or Children’s Patio (as weather permits). Time: 10:30-11:30 a.m.


It’s widely known that there is a direct connection between a child’s home life and how well he/she does in school. Researched and written by longtime educators James Reed Campbell and Brenda Williams Harewood, Parents as Talent Developers explores this critical link in a rare guide for minority parents and extended families.
The book includes 92 practical ideas, or “kernels,” many gleaned from the parents of high-achieving African American and Latino students, and all known to work: “Every night ask about homework.” “Know your children’s friends.” “Teach the child how to find answers; don’t give the child answers.” The kernels are also compiled in an easy-to-review appendix at the end of the book.
Parents as Talent Developers urges parents to begin early by getting children library cards, teaching them how to create a routine, and mentioning college before first grade. Chapter 6, titled “Communication,” includes some terrific advice on how to listen and talk to your children, and how to really get to know them through the subtlety of their words. The book also explores the important role of grandmothers in some minority families and delves into the history behind such myths as “acting white is selling out” and “smart kids don’t have to work hard,” which may undermine a minority child’s success. The final, research-heavy section is designed for educators to use in collaboration with parents.
The book’s logical flow and excellent writing make it a swift read that not only helps prepare children for good grades but builds character, too. Long before the authors point it out at the end of the book, readers may have picked up on the fact that most of the advice also applies to non-minority families. Good parenting, after all, knows no racial or cultural boundaries.
Also available in hardcover and ebook.


What to Plant Now: Dec 30 - Jan 5
We just passed the first quarter and the moon is now waxing gibbous going into a full moon. Now is also a time to seed-in peas, fava beans, and also plant transplants of strawberries, nut trees, fruit trees and berry bushes. Avoid planting tropical fruit trees and citrus until after the last frost. This is also a reminder to prune and trim your fruit trees while they are dormant. After February, plants start to bud and it will be too late. It’s always best to try to transplant and seed-in with the coming rains.
DIRECT SEED OUTDOORS
TIP: For best results in germination, soak seeds overnight and then toss in a #Rhizobiumbacteria inoculant before planting in soil.
TRANSPLANT: Now is also a time to plant fruit trees, graft & prune.
For more ideas on Ornamentals, Perennials, and Herbs, visit the Central Texas Gardener and The Natural Gardener lists online. Download the Texas A&M Extension Planting Chart and Varieties.
Write something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview.


10. Structural Image Bias Field Correction
At higher field strengths, sometimes structural images acquire an intensity gradient across the image making some parts of the image brighter than others. This intensity gradient can influence segmentation algorithms erroneously, therefore a method has been developed to remove this intensity gradient from the image, it is known as bias field correction.
- Choose (Segmentation | Brain Extraction Tool) . A new Segmentation Control window will appear. Put the crosshairs in the center of the brain above the Corpus callosum along the midline.
- On the Segmentation Control Window, set the Fractional Intensity Threshold to 0.6 and the Gradient Threshold to 0.0
- On the Segmentation Control Window, click use current crosshairs (make the box to the left, red in color). Click execute brain extraction tool - BioImageSuite will automatically save new stripped brain as [filename]_stripped.hdr. Click Display Under Brain/Skull Overlay to check if any tissue is erroneously included or excluded.
- Once a satisfactory stripping of the brain has been achieved, click the Math Morphology tab of the Segmentation Control Window.
- On the (Segmentation Control | Math Morphology) tab click Generate Mask from Brain Extract Tool Output. This will create a white mask of the stripped brain.
- On the (Segmentation Control | Math Morphology) tab click Dilate to increase the size of the mask slightly.
- On the Segmentation Control Window click the Bias Field Correction tab.
- On the (Segmentation Control | Bias Field Correction) tab click Grab Morph to input the previous mask into the bias field correction algorithm.
- On the Viewer window choose (File | Load)
- Choose the stripped version of the brain image.
- On the (Segmentation Control | Bias Field Correction) tab click Optimize. This will generate the bias filed correction and apply it to the image.
- The results shown in (Figure 10, image II), show that before the correction the histogram did not differentiate between gray and white matter, while after there are two clear peaks in the histogram. Also, a simple segmentation is more precise after the correction rather than before.


The screw of the extruder rotates in the barrel, and the friction between the material and the two causes the working surface of the screw and the barrel to gradually wear. However, because the inner surface of the extruder barrel is harder than that of screw, its damage comes later than the screw. In addition, because the extruder barrel is cylindrical, the area under stress and friction is large, while the area under friction of the screw ridge is small. Besides, the raw material is in the screw groove, and the thrust surface of the screw is designed to move upwards. In light of these reasons, the damage to the extruder barrel comes later than the screw.
The damage of the extruder barrel is the increase in the inner diameter due to wear after a period of time.
(1) For the extruder barrel with increased diameter due to wear, if there is a certain nitriding layer, the inner hole of the extruder barrel can be directly bored, and ground to a new diameter size, and then a new screw should be prepared according to this diameter.
(2) The inner diameter of the extruder barrel is machined and trimmed to recast the alloy with a thickness of between 1 to 2mm, and then finished to the applicable size. This method is expensive.
(3) Under normal circumstances, the homogenization section of the extruder barrel wears quickly. This section (the length is 5 to 7D) can be trimmed by boring a hole, and then equipped with a nitrided alloy steel bushing. The inner hole diameter refers to the screw diameter. In the normal matching gap, processing and preparation can be conducted. The feeding section of the high-efficiency extruder barrel wears quickly, so it should be checked frequently during use.


Cultural Appropriation vs. Cultural Appreciation: Understanding the Difference
In recent years, the terms “cultural appropriation” and “cultural appreciation” have become increasingly common in discussions about cultural diversity and social justice. While both terms refer to ways in which individuals and groups interact with cultures that are not their own, they represent fundamentally different attitudes and behaviors. Understanding the difference between cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation is key to promoting cultural understanding and respect.
Cultural appropriation refers to the practice of taking elements of a culture that is not one’s own and using them for personal gain or without proper understanding or reverence for their cultural significance. Examples of cultural appropriation include wearing traditional clothing as a costume, using sacred symbols or practices out of context, or adopting a stereotyped version of a culture without understanding its complexities. Cultural appropriation is often criticized for being disrespectful and perpetuating harmful stereotypes and power imbalances.
On the other hand, cultural appreciation refers to the respectful and thoughtful engagement with a culture that is not one’s own. This can include learning about a culture’s history, traditions, and values, participating in cultural events or activities with humility and respect, and acknowledging and honoring the contributions of that culture. Cultural appreciation involves recognizing the worth and value of a culture, rather than treating it as a commodity to be exploited.
One key difference between cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation is the issue of power dynamics. Cultural appropriation often occurs when members of a dominant culture take elements of a marginalized culture without understanding or respecting the historical and systemic power imbalances that exist between those cultures. In contrast, cultural appreciation involves recognizing and addressing those power dynamics, and seeking to learn from and uplift marginalized cultures rather than simply taking from them.
Another important distinction is the issue of consent. Cultural appropriation often involves taking elements of a culture without the permission or input of its members, or even in the face of their objections. Cultural appreciation, on the other hand, involves seeking out opportunities to learn from and engage with a culture in a way that is respectful and mutually beneficial.
Ultimately, the difference between cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation comes down to intent and respect. Cultural appreciation involves approaching a culture with a desire to learn, understand, and honor it, while cultural appropriation is driven by a desire to use and exploit it for personal gain or entertainment. By understanding these differences, we can work towards building a more inclusive and respectful society that values and uplifts the diversity of cultures around us.


The growing proliferation of robots in the workplace has sparked both scholarly concern and idle chatter around the breakroom. One fact that is unassailable, however, is that more and more job tasks are being fitted for automation. While many workers might worry about being replaced by their robotic counterparts, workers who remain on the job will have to worry about new and frightening types of occupational accidents.
Frequently-quoted OSHA statistics conclude that four primary types of workplace accidents can involve robots.
- Impact or collision accidents. With robotic arms and autonomous material delivery systems, the likelihood of being struck by a piece of machinery has greatly increased. OSHA specifies collisions such as unpredicted movements, component malfunctions or unpredicted program changes.
- Crushing and trapping accidents. Similar to the impact, but with an added layer of danger – workers might become trapped between a robotic arm and peripheral equipment or work surfaces.
- Mechanical part accidents. These accidents could involve the breakdown of the machine itself, the failure of safety equipment, the release of moving parts or the failure of a gripper mechanism.
- Other accidents. Common accidents that don’t fall into other specified categories can include accidents involving a malfunction of the robot’s power source or the expulsion of pressurized fluids.
In the coming years, workers will face different types of accidents as well as the same accidents in new forms. Managers, supervisors and engineers must ensure their employees have the information, training and gear necessary to keep them safe.
As technology continues to improve, workers in numerous industries could face unknown danger. Many manufacturing plants and warehouses already rely on various levels of automation to ensure productivity and efficiency. If you were injured at work, you might be entitled to receive workers’ compensation benefits.


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We propose an approach to conservation centred on achieving positive future trajectories of dynamic change, applied to all locations and species, and ...Read more
General principles of climate change adaptation for biodiversity have been formulated, but do not help prioritize actions. This is inhibiting their in...Read more
This compilation comprises 4 chapters, which introduces the background context and rationale for a new global strategy for the conservation and use of...Read more
A significant portion of the world's remaining biodiversity and agrobiodiversity is in the hands of local and indigenous communities who tend to be po...Read more
To ensure effective and efficient in situ conservation of crop wild relatives (CWR), it is necessary to prepare strategies and action plans. An essent...Read more
The Secretary of the CBD called on relevant organizations and stakeholders "to submit views and relevant information on any potential implications of ...Read more
This summary and policy recommendations have been developed and formulated on the occasion of a group meeting of 12 experts from 11 countries that was...Read more
Changes in life-history traits such as seed dormancy during cultivation of wild plant species in ex situ facilities could jeopardize conservation acti...Read more
Riparian vegetation supports high biodiversity providing many services and is, therefore, an important landscape element. Riparian ecosystems are subj...Read more
The identification of species, communities, or ecosystems that are likely to be strongly damaged by human activities (i.e. that are fragile) forms an ...Read more


As part of my job as an Itinerant Teacher of Assistive Technology, I have had the chance to visit a a number of different schools with a wide-range of different programs. This has allowed me to see a variety of approaches to a wide cross-section of students.
One of the more interesting things I have seen is the teaching of 21st century life skills to students who are developmentally delayed. A teacher at Carleton Heights Public School, Maureen Hogan, asked me to come in and work with her students. She was hoping they would be able to learn how to log in to a Chromebook and send an email to their parents. Maureen wanted her students to begin to develop some of the skills they would need for a world where services are increasingly accessed on-line.
She had already started the process by changing the students’ password to their name and a series of numbers. In addition to making it easier for these students to login in, the new password allowed students to practice typing their name. This also helped in some cases with students’ literacy goals.
Luckily for me, Chrome had recently implemented the ability to do dictation over top of GMail. With that, I simply had to set up an contact card for each student’s parents. Students were then be trained to click in the “To:” field, say their preferred diminutive for the parent in question. They could then move to the main body of the email and, using Chrome dictation feature, dictate their email.
Maureen has now made sending an email a regular activity during literacy centers. It allows the students to practice some very real life skills, while allowing her to assess their understanding of how to communicate in an email. As an added bonus, she also is able to reinforce lessons on pronunciation as Google will only write down what it hears, creating a very real consequence for students working on improving their diction.
Overall, the activity has been a success. Students have been excited to send their parents a message during the day. Parents have loved getting a message from their child. For Maureen, she has a real world activity that both engages her students, develops their literacy and helps them practice real world skills. And I have several other teachers in my district interested in having me in to help them set up a similar systems for them.


Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) are a high performing insulation technology used to increase energy efficiency in a number of applications. VIPs have an extremely low thermal conductivity and low insulation thickness, which makes them valuable assets in several applications.
Thanks to the advances in materials science, now Vacuum Insulation Panels Products are broadly applied in many industries where they were not used in the past. Appliances are still one of the most common uses for VIPs. They are used in freezers and fridges, but also in water boilers and warm water storage tanks. VIPs offer substantial thermal insulation without taking up much space. This means that appliance producers can increase storage capacity without altering the exterior dimensions of the appliance.
Applications in buildings (both new construction as well as retrofits) have been growing steadily in recent years thanks to tighter building regulations at energy efficiency level. VIPs are used to insulate floors, facades (both exterior and interior), flat roofs, terraces, walls, attic hatches, stairs, etc. The use of VIPs in building applications is of particularly high value in places where space is lacking given their reduced thickness.
Other common VIP applications include:
- Refrigerated trucks and transportation systems;
- Packaging for medical and pharmaceutical industries to keep the temperature under control;
- Vending machines;
- Cold storage units;
- Fridges, freezers and wine coolers.
Vacuum Insulation Panels answer to the demands of cold-chain transport because they allow longer storage time and safer transportation conditions. A great example of this is the transportation of COVID-19 vaccines around the world, which required stable temperatures ranging from 2-8°C to as low as -20°C and even -70°C. Thanks to its low thermal conductivity, the use of VIP technology brings a great level of thermal protection for controlled refrigerated storage of high-value commodities. Furthermore, it also enables the maximum possible available internal volume within any size of the box.
Other less known VIP applications include automotive and vehicles, trains, ships and aeroplanes.
Where are Vacuum Insulation Panels used?
Discover many examples of VIP applications:


The term “collaboration” is used frequently in today’s organizational setting, and with good reason. There is so much information available to us, that no one person has all the answers to any one problem anymore. Although every problem does not require a collaborative approach, many problems do, bringing together a host of people with different types of expertise and knowledge, crossing technical, philosophical, cultural and racial boundaries to name a few. We have come to realize, as a society, that we must collectively and collaboratively work together to solve many of the problems that currently confront us.
Co-operation and collaboration are similar but not identical, and individuals are mistaken to use these terms and concepts interchangeably. In a co-operative association, we complete our respective parts and go about our business. In collaboration, not only do we work on our respective parts, we work together interdependently, holding each other accountable for the outcomes, regardless of the work we have completed on our respective parts. In short, “we are all in this together” and our mutual success is contingent on a mutually beneficial outcome.
As with most things, guiding principles are required for collaboration to be effective. One of the key principles is effective conversation, and while that may appear to be self-evident, there are many who talk, but few whom actively and consciously engage in effective conversation.


Sewing Child and Adult Fabric Masks
The sewn version of these Child and Adult Fabrics Mask Patterns are available. CDC advises the use of simple cloth face coverings to slow the spread of the virus and help people who may have the virus and do not know it from transmitting it to others. These masks help ensure that critical supplies of surgical and N-95 masks are reserve for medical personnel. Measurements are given for child-size masks, but should not be placed on young children under age 2.
Please follow your own country, state/province and/or local government for the latest details.
The recipient should be only used on individuals where they can remove the mask on their own.
- Wash masks before using them. Wash after each use. Do not share a mask that has been worn by someone and has not been washed since. DO NOT MICROWAVE.
- Place elastic behind the ears and bottom of the mask under the chin. Mold the wire to bridge of the nose. Once in use, only wear with the white side next to face to prevent placing possible contamination next to your face.
- Mask can be machine (or hand) washed, dried, and re-used. If wire starts to rust or poke through, cut a small slit on the back of the mask at one end of the pocket securing the wire. Remove the wire and replace it. Hand stitch opening closed.
- Masks have a non-woven lining (light-weight interfacing) to provide additional protection. • DO NOT put a mask on young
Fabric Lined Crochet & Knit Masks
Ensure that you use fabric on the inside of the mask to be most effective. These are not medical grade masks but serve like a bandana or scarf.
Crochet Mask version.
Knit Mask version.
More Crochet Patterns
- Crochet and Knit Spring Cleaning Patterns
- 44 One Stitch Wonder Patterns
- Crochet Persian Tiles Blanket Pattern
- 30 Fibre Friends Patterns
- 13 Crochet Patterns for Winter
These match the patterns above.


|Nigeria Table of Contents
Christianity was introduced at Benin in the fifteenth century by Portuguese Roman Catholic priests who accompanied traders and officials to the West African coast. Several churches were built to serve the Portuguese community and a small number of African converts. When direct Portuguese contacts in the region were withdrawn, however, the influence of the Catholic missionaries waned and by the eighteenth century had disappeared.
Although churchmen in Britain had been influential in the drive to abolish the slave trade, significant missionary activity was renewed only in the 1840s and was confined for some time to the area between Lagos and Ibadan. The first missions there were opened by the Church of England's Church Missionary Society (CMS). They were followed by other Protestant denominations from Britain, Canada, and the United States and in the 1860s by Roman Catholic religious orders. Protestant missionaries tended to divide the country into spheres of activity to avoid competition with each other, and Catholic missions similarly avoided duplication of effort among the several religious orders working there. Catholic missionaries were particularly active among the Igbo, the CMS among the Yoruba.
The CMS initially promoted Africans to responsible positions in the mission field, an outstanding example being the appointment of Samuel Adjai Crowther as the first Anglican bishop of the Niger. Crowther, a liberated Yoruba slave, had been educated in Sierra Leone and in Britain, where he was ordained before returning to his homeland with the first group of missionaries sent there by the CMS. This was part of a conscious "native church" policy pursued by the Anglicans and others to create indigenous ecclesiastical institutions that eventually would be independent of European tutelage. The effort failed in part, however, because church authorities came to think that religious discipline had grown too lax during Crowther's episcopate but especially because of the rise of prejudice. Crowther was succeeded as bishop by a British cleric. Nevertheless, the acceptance of Christianity by large numbers of Nigerians depended finally on the various denominations coming to terms with local conditions and involved participation of an increasingly high proportion of African clergy in the missions.
In large measure, European missionaries were convinced of the value of colonial rule, thereby reinforcing colonial policy. In reaction some African Christian communities formed their own independent churches.
Source: U.S. Library of Congress


Everyone loves robots, right? Well, maybe everyone. Little kids, apparently, love to taunt and try to beat the crap out of robots. Fortunately, a team of scientists recently came together in order to come up with a way for robots to protect themselves and evade their abusers. The newly developed program also allows the robot to avoid a situation that may potentially put it at risk.
Meet Robovie 2. This little guy wanders around a mall in Osaka, Japan greeting customers; however, it seems to run into issues when it meets children.
The robot is programmed to ask those blocking its path step out of its way so that it can pass. Robovie's programmers assert that most adults respond to the request by stepping aside and allowing the robot to continue on its journey. Children, however, respond by linking hands and forming a ring around the robot so that it can't get through. Even when they aren't in roving bands, the robot still has issues with kids. They stretch out their arms to prevent it from moving, cover its eyes to block its sight, step out of the way and then quickly jump back in front of it—and that's just the start of Robovie's problems. Notably, these actions often escalate to hitting, kicking, and (as you can see in the video below) trying to snap the robot's head off.
Fun times (?)
However, the newly developed abuse-evading algorithm allows Robovie to get itself out of dangerous situations. In a study, the team found that, statistically, the robot was in danger if it was surrounded by children. So. All they needed to do is develop an algorithm that the robot could use in order to avoid children. But of course, Robovie can't exactly ask whether one identifies as a child or adult. As such, the robot was programmed to run away from people who are below a certain height (as these are presumably children) and escape in the direction of taller people (who are most likely adults and will, as a result, stop the children from being mean to the robot).
The system is set to scan for people who are less than 1.4 meters (4 feet 6 inches) in height, and the robot avoids these individuals. See the algorithm at work in the video below, and be sure to check out the study based on these interactions, "Why Do Children Abuse Robots?"


Japan’s Hayabusa spacecraft is on track to attempt a sampling of asteroid Itokawa Nov. 19.
In a rescheduled practice run Nov. 9, the spacecraft approached within 70 meters of the asteroid during a descent test that verified the probe’s guidance and navigation functions.
Engineers handling the Hayabusa spacecraft have clarified the issues that led to the cancellation of a Nov. 4 landing rehearsal. An onboard navigation computer detected anomalous information during the practice run. The problem resulted in an abort command being transmitted to the probe by Earth controllers, thereby stopping the rehearsal. Subsequently, the spacecraft fired its chemical engines and started its ascent, backing away from the asteroid.
Mission officials are now prepared to carry out a landing at a site on the asteroid that they have dubbed the “Muses Sea” site. The collection of samples is scheduled to take place on both Nov. 19 and following another touchdown on the asteroid scheduled for Nov. 25, according to the Web site of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science , a space science research division arm of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency .
Hayabusa is now ready for its historic attempt to gather and return asteroid specimens to Earth.
Imagery taken by Hayabusa has been used to target the craft to a touchdown location on asteroid Itokawa. One newly released image shows the shadow of the spacecraft cast upon the asteroid’s surface.
Japan’s Hayabusa roared off into space from Japan’s Kagoshima Space Center May 9, 2003. The spacecraft arrived at its asteroid target on Sept. 12.
Hayabusa is equipped to collect samples of the asteroid for return to Earth. In addition, a tiny robot will hop about the surface of Itokawa and relay pictures from the asteroid’s surface.
Plans call for the probe’s return capsule carrying asteroid specimens to return to Earth in June 2007, landing by parachute in a remote desert spot in Woomera, Australia.


A Penn State engineer presumes that exobots , which are autonomous, self-replicating robots can effectively carry out exploring the universe, discovering extraterrestrial life and removing space debris. This is the 50th year for the Search of extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).
Electrical engineering professor, John D. Mathews states that human exploration outside low Earth orbit is associated with conservation of resources, economic, political and technical difficulties. Human space exploration therefore entails cost- effective, autonomous and highly efficient solutions.
Development of self-replicating robotic spacecraft will therefore serve the need. Effective space exploration can be achieved when these exobots are deployed along with the incumbent communications systems. Explorations include asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, and more.
Vast resources are required to explore into the galaxy. In addition, emission of radio signals across the sky and energy for space broadcast is also needed.
The IR signaling-based point-to-point communications though require less power, have extremely sensitive directional signals. Due to its tight targeting capability, lasers in laser-driven IR signaling remain insignificant to the extra-terrestrial beings.
By using the resources on the moon and its one-sixth gravity, initially robots can be created there. Compact power source is needed for fabrication. With location detection capability and time determination, the vehicles can enable creation of an autonomous robot network and its target with an IR laser beam containing data.
The initial applications of exobots are cleaning-up of debris and monitoring over 1,200 near-Earth hazardous asteroids.
With a number of resources, the network of self-replicating, autonomous exobots will extend across the solar system and into the galaxy, where they will continue to carry out their mission. Infrared lasers communication is associated with communicating at the speed of light.


This plaque commemorates Frederick Douglass, the anti-slavery leader, who visited Dublin in 1845, at the IFI on Eustace Street, Dublin 2.
Locate this plaque on Google maps.
Born into slavery in 1818, Frederick Douglass escaped and in 1845 published his autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. The book’s popularity in Europe, and fear of being captured and returned to slavery, led Douglass to visit Ireland and the UK in 1845/47.
Douglass returned to the USA a free man in 1847, and went on to become a leading abolitionist, a newspaper proprietor, and a government official. Renowned as an orator, through his writings, speeches, and photographs, he boldly challenged the racial stereotypes of African Americans. He was the most photographed man in 19th century America.
While in Ireland Frederick Douglass met Daniel O’Connell, a firm opponent of slavery, and the two men spoke at O’Connell’s Conciliation Hall, on Burgh Quay.
Douglass was a guest of Dublin’s Quaker Community, and in September 1845 he spoke at the old Friends’ Meeting House in Eustace Street, now the Irish Film Institute.
The plaque was unveiled on Thursday 21st October 2021, by Lord Mayor Alison Gilliland.


St Paul's Catholic Primary School
A Voluntary Academy
Aspire not to have more but to be more – St Oscar Romero
We hope you are finding these phonics lessons useful. They are taught in the same way we would in school and great practise to keep your children saying and learning the sounds! Please follow the link for today's lessons.
Set 1 speed sounds lesson today's sound is g
Set 1 word time
Set 1 spellings
If your child knows all the set 1 sounds please follow the set 2 speed sounds lesson - today's sound is 'air'
If your child is accessing the set 2 speed sound lessons they can also join in with the set 2 spelling lesson.
Follow the link below and the new lessons will appear from 9.30am and are available for 24hours so can be accessed at any time of the day.
Today we have new books for you to read.
Please follow the link below to either the sound blending book or the Ditty sheets and read Ditty 12 'a bash'
Remember as today is the first read lots of support on sounding out the words and blending the sounds to make the word.
Tricky word game
This is a really nice game for practising spelling tricky words. You will have to select year 1, but don't worry we have covered some of these words in class as part of our tricky word sessions. If spelling the word is too tricky for our reception children please focus on just reading each word. have fun.
Here is your maths video and activity for today.
Here is your maths video. It is an continuation of yesterday's adding by counting on. Today there is a worksheet to go with the video.