New Delhi: The Union Health Ministry on Wednesday said that there is no scientific evidence suggesting COVID-19 vaccination can cause infertility in men and women and asserted the vaccines have been found to be safe and effective.
It further said that the National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (NEGVAC) has also recommended Covid vaccination for all lactating women, terming it as safe with no need to stop or pause breastfeeding before or after the inoculation.
The statement by the ministry comes in the wake of media reports expressing concerns regarding infertility due to COVID-19 vaccination among population of reproductive age and whether the vaccination is safe for lactating women.
The health ministry as clarified in the FAQs posted on the website that none of the available vaccines affects fertility of either men or women, as all vaccines and their constituents are tested first on animals and later in humans to assess if they have any such side effects, the statement said.
Vaccines are authorised for use only after their safety and efficacy is assured.
“Furthermore, in order to curb the prevalent myth regarding infertility due to COVID-19 vaccination, the government of India has clarified that there are no scientific evidences suggesting COVID-19 vaccination can cause infertility in men and women. The vaccines have been found to be safe and effective,” the statement said.
It further said that in a recent interview, Dr N K Arora, chairperson of COVID-19 Working Group of National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI) has countered these fears and allegations.
He said that misinformation was also created during the administering of polio vaccine in India and abroad that children who are getting the vaccine may face infertility in the future. He assured that all vaccines go through intense scientific researches and none of the vaccines have this sort of side-effect, the statement stated.
NEGVAC has also recommended COVID-19 vaccination for all lactating women, terming it as safe with no need to stop or pause breastfeeding before or after the vaccination, it said.
Also read: A coronavirus epidemic broke out 20,000 yrs ago too & this is the impact it had on the world


Using a language of graphics, you will learn how to construct data visualizations using Python’s ggplot package throughout this course. A language of graphics is a powerful tool that streamlines the process of producing data plots in a manner that is both consistent and effective. It abstracts the majority of the low-level information, which enables you to concentrate on developing useful and appealing representations for your data.
A graphics grammar may be obtained via the use of a number of different Python programs. As plotnine is one of the most developed ones, it will be the primary focus of this class. plotnine is derived from the ggplot2 package that is part of the R programming language. If you are familiar with R, then you can think of plotnine as the R programming language’s counterpart to Python’s ggplot2 package. You will acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to:
Combine the different elements of the
grammar of graphics
Use plotnine to
in an efficient and consistent way
your data visualizations to files
This course will presume that you have prior experience working with Python and at least some familiarity with Jupyter Notebook and pandas. Check read the articles titled “Jupyter Notebook: An Introduction” and “Using Pandas and Python to Examine Your Dataset” to come up to speed on the aforementioned subjects.


How did the French manage to achieve a system that has the advantages that American love but still gives everyone coverage?
The French legislature realized that they would need the cooperation of 2 groups if they were to get the kind of national health insurance they wanted. First they needed the doctors; second they needed the private insurance companies.
French doctors only agreed to participate in a compulsory health insurance program only if
- A patient’s free choice of their doctors was protected by law
- Doctor’s maintained control over medical decisions
Next the French legislators overcame insurance industry resistance by permitting the nation’s already existing insurers to administer its new healthcare funds. France’s comprehensive health insurance provides coverage for all or part of the following healthcare categories:
- Non-Hospitalization Benefits
- Prescription Drugs & Medical Equipment
- Medical Evacuation & Repatriation
- Dental & Optical Cover
- Emergency Healthcare is provided to everyone
But the Sécurité Sociale’s health insurance plan covers only about 70% of actual medical fees. The balance of the bill is paid for through private insurance called assurance complémentaire.
Private health insurers are central to the system as supplemental insurers who cover patient expenses that are not paid for by Sécurité Sociale. Indeed, nearly 90 percent of the French population possesses such coverage, making France home to a booming private health insurance market.
Working with these 2 groups, France developed a program of universal health care that demonstrates that it is possible to achieve universal coverage without a “single-payer” system.
Why isn’t Washington looking at the French system as a model? The concepts and the execution would be far easier to implement in the U.S. then moving to a Canadian or British system. The end result would be universal healthcare that would effectively marry the desires of both the public and private sector.


Fishing for the Secrets of Stickleback and Human Evolution
David Kingsley is a professor of developmental biology at the Stanford University School of Medicine and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His genetic studies of classic mouse skeletal mutations have identified key signaling molecules and membrane transporters used by vertebrates to control skeletal patterning and susceptibility to arthritis. In 1998 he and postdoc Katie Peichel began using genetic mapping strategies to analyze the molecular basis of evolutionary change in natural populations of threespine sticklebacks. This work has subsequently revealed detailed genomic mechanisms that underlie evolution of new traits not only in fish, but also in many other organisms, including humans.
Kingsley has received many awards for his research, including election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2005, the Conklin Medal for distinguished research in Developmental Biology in 2009, and election to the National Academy of Sciences in 2011.
Abstract: The genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie the amazing diversity of living species have been uncertain and contentious. We have been using stickleback fish as a model system to reveal how new traits evolve in natural populations. These fish have undergone widespread and repeated evolution in postglacial lakes and streams in the Northern Hemisphere. Dramatically different morphological forms can still be crossed, making it possible to map the specific genes and DNA changes that underlie recurrent adaptation to new environments. Our studies show that new traits can evolve in natural populations through changes in the expression of key developmental control genes. Although the same control genes are essential for normal viability, regulatory changes make it possible for natural fish populations to evolve dramatic new phenotypes while preserving overall fitness. This principle also applies more generally. We have found that remarkably similar genetic mechanisms underlie the evolution of new forms of sticklebacks, changes in hair color in human populations, and increased brain size in the human lineage. With the advent of large-scale DNA sequencing, specific mutations controlling evolutionary change can now be identified and recreated in model systems, providing new insights into evolution of many different organisms, including ourselves.
This Provost’s Lecture, co-sponsored by the Eighth International Conference on Stickleback Behavior and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Evolution, College of Arts and Sciences, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, will be held on Tuesday, July 28, at 4:30 pm in the Charles B. Wang Center Theater.


Struggle and Suffrage in Halifax
Women's Lives and the Fight for Equality
Between 1800 and 1950 the town of Halifax grew beyond recognition. The booming mills and factories were built on the labor of women and their children, and yet their voices are almost completely missing from the history books. For the first time, this is the story of Halifax from the point of view of the women who helped shape the town.
This was a period of extraordinary change, but the battle for equality was long. In 1800, many women were illiterate. By 1900, there was a thriving girls' high school in Halifax, and yet one of its most brilliant students was denied a full degree because she was a woman. In 1939, the Vicar of Halifax called women's economic independence "an evil".
Families were large and women regularly died in childbirth. Many faced the stigma of single parenthood or else the terror of an illegal abortion. In the 1930s, the first Family Planning Clinic was set up by women in the town.
In the 1840s, women in Halifax fought for their menfolk's right to vote. In 1911, when Emmeline Pankhurst gave a stirring speech at the Mechanics' Institute, women had yet to be granted a vote of their own, leading many women to boycott that year's census and at least two to declare their occupation as "slave".
From girls in the factories to the first women stepping into public office, this book provides a fascinating and moving account of the lives of Halifax's women through the key events in the town's history.


As stay-at-home orders are lifted and more drivers get back on the roads, we want to remind you that distracted driving is dangerous. Reading or sending text messages, talking on a cell phone, using a navigation system and eating while driving are a few examples of distracted driving. All of these distractions can put a driver and others on the road at risk.
Here are some tips to help you block distractions and keep your mind focused on driving:
- Turn off your cell phone while driving. Not only is it distracting to text while driving, it’s also against the law in New Jersey. In fact, texting while driving is banned in 48 states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
- Use a hands-free device if you need to be available to take a call while driving. Use it only in an emergency.
- When driving with children or pets, make sure the kids are strapped into their seats and pets are in carriers. If they need your attention during the drive, pull off the road.
- If you’re hungry, eat before or after you drive, but not while driving.
- If you’re not sure of your directions, program your GPS device before you get on the road.
Your Horizon BCBSNJ health plan gives you access to discounts on hearing and vision services you can use to help improve your driving. Visit Blue365 to learn more.


Since the dramatic paper which I just posted on came out, suggesting a doubling of time that various Siberians have been in the Americas, from 15K y/a to 30K, there have been cautionary responses. First, identifying stone tools can be difficult, especially in caves, as stalactites or other falling rocks landing on stones and breaking them into sharp pieces is not very different from striking a stone on purpose to make a spearpoint on first hit. Sorting out what is intentional and what is accidental is difficult.
But to the larger point, the amount of genetic divergence is not absolutely reliant on groups arriving at widely different times. There is a fully formed theory - with some evidence - that groups lived in different parts of Beringia right from the start, in isolation from each other, coming into the New World by various routes and times. Though they were genetically similar when they expanded from what are now the Anadysky and Chutotka Districts of Russia (East Siberia, sort of Kamchatka on the Risk board), they didn't follow the same route, eat the same stuff, or move at the same time. There were more than a few, but most died out. There were main survivors who were the ancestors of most of the first arrivals, the Amerinds, but a few others who contributed at least a bit to the pool here and there.
They didn't have to arrive 30K years ago to do this. Moving out from the main interactive group in Siberia at 30K, staying in diverse place in Beringia 22K-15K, then moving into the New World then also fits the genetic pattern, even with the weird bits.
Even with a time machine you would need helicopters with a lot of fuel to check all this out - and you'd need to know where to look.
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Hydrogen Peroxide is actually a compound substance often used being an oxidizer, a bleaching broker, and an germ killing. Apart from as an oxidizer, hydrogen peroxide may be used in an array of washing and personal care products. Washroom cleansers and laundry spot removers also carry peroxide inside their other elements. Hydrogen peroxide, as an germ killing, is additionally found in some medical products. It can be used as being a bleaching agent in some foods items. Your meals are secure to enjoy. These days, hydrogen peroxide cleaner is starting to become cleaning with hydrogen peroxide popular.
Uses and advantages of hydrogen peroxide
Peroxide has many makes use of. It is actually found in almost every discipline. A number of the uses are highlighted below:
•Being available in first-aid antiseptics, peroxide will help nice and clean the cuts by getting rid of the microorganisms built up.
•Second of all, toilet cleansers contain some percentage of peroxide, that helps nice and clean the washroom floors easily and provide a shiny turn to the entire washroom. Ground products also possess a portion of hydrogen peroxide for cleaning.
•Peroxide provides a bleaching representative in many food items. Only laundry with h2o is not going to get rid of all the bacteria from meals goods. Hydrogen peroxide helps you to eliminate all probable harmful bacteria from food, thus so that it is match to nibble on.
•Last but not least, mouthwashes and toothpaste also consist of peroxide. On this page, it functions being an oxidizing agent, which provides a lightening result to the the teeth.
Hence, cleaning with hydrogen peroxide is commonly used everywhere from personalized care to industrial, hydrogen peroxide is helpful and helpful. But one must read the manufacturer’s directions prior to using products which consist of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide-based products bought for household use must contain just about 3 percentage of peroxide inside them. This make up is safe enough for usage.


Home Group/Study Questions
These questions are provided for your further study and application of today’s sermon. Thoughtfully writing out the answers to these questions will help to drive home the truths we are learning.
1. Was there any passage of scripture or statement in the message today that was particularly meaningful or applicable to you?
2. Read Psalm 127:3. How does this simple truth starkly contrast to those in our world that think of children as “disposable” or an affliction?
3. Why do you think Paul the Apostle made such clear points about obedience and honor in the Christian household? How does this reflect the glory of God?
4. Read Proverbs 19:18 and 29:17. How important is it for parents to teach, correct, guide, and discipline their children in the early years while they’re moldable? What danger is there in letting a child continue in disobedience without correction, proper teaching, and loving guidance?
5. Honor for parents, the elderly, and authority figures is quite foreign today. What are some ways that Christian parents should be teaching their children to honor?
6. Why can parents be thankful for the grace and power of God despite their shortcomings in training their children to obey and honor?


Tonga Eruption Shakes Pacific
The most common image individuals have of a volcanic eruption is that of a massive explosion of ash and lava atop the peak of a towering volcano that touches the sky, however this portrayal does not fit the majority of actual eruptions. Most natural volcanic eruptions occur underwater along the border between tectonic plates, with the most common location for volcanoes to form and erupt being along the infamous ring of fire. Most underwater eruptions have little to no impact on humans as they are quelled by a shield of water that prevents them from reaching the surface; however, on rare occasions an eruption is strong enough to surpass this barrier. On January 15, 2022, an underwater volcano off the coast of Tonga erupted, causing powerful tsunamis to form and devastate the surrounding islands.
The impact was devastating, with multiple islands being hit and thousands of homes being destroyed in an instant. According to CNN, the destruction was so severe that on one of the closest islands to the blast every structure supposedly received critical damage, and the island had to be temporarily abandoned. While the relief effort has only just begun, three individuals have already been confirmed dead on one of the closest islands to the blast. To make things worse, other nations can only send a limited amount of personal to help due to Covid-19 protocol, so Tonga has been forced to recover from this disaster almost entirely on its own.
While Tonga was impacted the most by this eruption, the effects could be felt all over the southwestern Pacific, with Japan, Fiji, Peru, and Samoa all having been affected by the event. This eruption was the strongest Tonga has experienced for almost thirty years, and the impacts will likely affect the country into the coming decades. This event has left thousands homeless and devastated Tonga´s infrastructure, and without proper aid from other countries the nation will have a very difficult time while recovering. This event reflects the unpredictability of nature, and reveals just how vulnerable we are to the whims of fate.


How Cheesecake and Bacon are Like Heroin and Cocaine
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps produce a reward response in the brain. This response kicks into action when we do something pleasurable- like eating highly palatable food. It is known that there is a reduction in this reward response in obese people. However, it is unclear whether the reduction in reward precedes obesity and causes people to overeat to compensate or if it is a consequence of overeating.
Recent research published in the journal Nature Neuroscience sheds some light on this question. Drs. Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny from The Scripps Research Institute in Florida used rats to investigate the effect of overeating on the dopamine reward system. They allowed one group of rats almost unlimited access to a cafeteria diet made up of cheesecake, pound cake, frosting, chocolate, bacon and sausage. The control group was given access only to rat chow food. All rats had similar pre-experiment baseline dopamine reward responses to food.
During the experiment the caloric intake for the cafeteria diet group was almost double that of the control group. After 40 days the cafeteria diet rats had increased their body weight by about 50% and were obese. Importantly, the dopamine reward response for this group progressively decreased during the experiment. This research demonstrates that easy access to highly palatable food reduces the reward response leading to compulsive eating behavior and obesity. This is similar to the changes in dopamine reward responses associated with cocaine and heroin addiction.


Less than a year after the giving of the Torah, HASHEM told Moshe to again count the Jewish People. The Siforno points out that this counting was unique as it counted each person by name, whereas thirty-eight years later, when the Jews were about to enter the land of Israel and were counted again, there is no mention of counting by name. The Siforno explains that this is because the generation that left Egypt was made up of unique individuals, each worthy of being singled out. The next generation, however, wasn’t on that level, so everyone was counted only by number and not by name.
Therefore, it is clear from the Siforno that the generation that left Mitzrayim was greater than the generation that entered the Land of Israel.
This concept is very difficult to understand. The people who left Egypt were slaves their entire lives. They had almost no education or opportunity to learn. From the time they were children, they had little time to focus on anything other than survival. The generation that entered the Land of Israel had a very different upbringing. They were all born in the desert. Daily they observed the Glory of HASHEM encamped on the Mishkan. On a regular basis, they watched the Clouds of Glory ushering them from place to place. Each morning, they saw mon being delivered to their doorstep. They experienced the miracle of a rock providing them millions of gallons of water daily. But even more, they weren’t engaged in earning a living; their entire focus was on learning Torah. Taught by the greatest rebbeim, unencumbered by physical needs or distractions, they spend their days and nights in yeshiva. Clearly, they knew more Torah than the people who had just left Mitzrayim. How could the earlier generation have been greater than this one?
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What is Spring – Dissecting Flowers
This week we learned about what Spring is in a group circle time with flash cards and flowers! We had the different seasons, weathers, spring flowers with information about them, and pictures of what you may see in the Spring time. First of all we asked the children what they thought Spring was, then touched base with how it’s the end of Winter, it starts to get warmer and the sunsets later in the day so we have more sunlight and how flowers and leaves start to grow again. We used some flowers that were weltered and flowers that were healthy to further extend this, asking the children which flowers they thought they would see in Spring compared to in Autumn/Winter. We spoke about the order of the seasons then moved on to the different weathers we may see in Spring and what we have seen so far, asking the children if they think it will be hot or cold in Spring and explained it can be both during this season. We moved on to the Spring flash cards looking at what we will see in Spring and what they’re called like daffodils, catkins, blossom, tadpoles etc. Lastly, we looked flash cards of different flowers that appear in Spring with information about them (where they grow and how high).
We went on our Spring walk where we walked to the park with our magnifying glasses and coloured lenses, looked at Spring flowers along the way like blossom and daffodils, then stopped at the park where we picked daffodils and painted them using water paints and paper on clipboards. The children also used their ICT skills to take picture of the Spring flowers using cameras which they really enjoyed!
We also then got some daffodils and dissected them (risk assessing the knives first) we got up on the tablet the different parts of the flower and see if the children could identify the parts on the daffodils, they cut off the stem, petals, leaves and sepal and learning about the different functions. We then drew our own daffodils after and used our early writing skills to label our pictures.
Well done preschool for being so focused and identifying the different parts of the flower.


Frogs and turtles can both survive on water and land, but don’t confuse them as the same species.
As part of the Amazing Amphibians exhibit at the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, kids can peer at all manner of frogs, toads and salamanders as well as play interactive games and walk through a maze learning about the life cycle of the creatures.
“One of the key things we’ve integrated into the maze is what makes an amphibian (frogs, toads and salamanders) versus a reptile (snakes, turtles and dinos),” says Allison Sacerdote-Velat, the museum’s curator of herpetology.
The exhibit is full of touch and play pieces, with a 15-foot zipline, a “wheel of time,” the maze and other games. There is also a section that discusses frogs and toads in pop culture, ala “The Princess & The Frog.”
Conservation is the core of the museum’s message, and many of the species on display—like the mudpuppies and salamanders—are native to Illinois.
The museum also recently opened an early education exhibit, Nature’s Puzzles, to help keep up math skills in the summer.
The puzzle helps kids find math and patterns in their everyday lives and challenges them to play math games.
Amazing Amphibians & Nature’s Puzzles
- Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, 2430 N. Cannon Drive, Chicago.
- 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday-Friday, 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Saturday-Sunday.
- Free with museum admission.
This article originally appeared in the August issue of Chicago Parent. Read the rest of the issue.


Marx as a Migrant – A digital narrative
Karl Marx lived a long life as a migrant. Fleeing from the Prussian state, censorship and possible arrest, important stops on his journey were Paris, Brussels and London. These cities shaped his political activities, his engagement with political fellow-travellers, as well as his intellectual development and thus his entire work.
At the click of a mouse, you can follow Marx as a migrant from city to city. You can not only immerse yourself in his time, but also discover that even today, traces of his life and work continue to be seen in Paris, Brussels and London.
Each station takes about 45 minutes.
Marx as a Migrant
- Arrest and expulsion
Expulsion from Belgium
When revolution broke out in Paris in February 1848 and the Belgian government feared it might spill over into the recently formed state, the Association Démocratique was suspected of providing refuge to foreign agitators. It was spied on, and many of its members being arrested and deported. Marx received a deportation order on 3 March 1848. He has 24 hours to leave Belgium.
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above (preposition, a-bove, \ əˈbʌv \) ground (noun, ground, \ ɡraʊnd \) risk (noun, risk, \ rɪsk \)
Definition: is a type of risk that can’t be technically calculated but can negatively affect a company’s project or investment. In most cases, such risks are associated with price fluctuations, the political climate in a specific country, environmental issues, or abrupt market variations. An above ground risk may also exist in the form of a corrupted individual, bribe, or situations where a conflict of interest is created. The level of potential above ground risks changes based on a specific country and its judicial system.
Synonyms and related words: legal risk, risk management, risk taker, risk analysis, risk assessment
In a Sentence:
- Thanks to the positive business climate in Canada, the above ground risk level there was minimal. That’s why the management of Saiko Electronics decided to expand their business into the Great White North.
- During an economic crisis, the above ground risk level of price fluctuations is abnormally high. As a result, most companies should avoid performing any uncertain investments.


Quaternary stratigraphic of the low Gods River region, Hudson Bay lowlands, Manitoba
Four or more tills, commonly separated by nonglacial deposits, are exposed along the Gods River in northwestern Hudson Bay Lowland. The oldest till (Till A) overlies Paleozoic bedrock and is overlain by fossiliferous beds of fluvial, lacustrine, and organic origin (Gods River sediments). Pollen, spores, seeds, wood, insects, and molluscs from within the Gods River sediments record a subarctic climate and a vegetational succession that began and ended with tundra. During the warmest part of the interval, a forest-tundra vegetation grew in the region. The Gods River sediments are correlative with the Missinaibi Formation in northern Ontario and a Sangamon age is inferred. Till B, which overlies the Gods River sediments, is usually separated from the younger Till C by stratified sand and gravel devoid of organic material (Twin Creeks sediments) . This glacial-nonglacialglacial sequence probably encompasses the greater part of Wisconsin. time. The uppermost till (Till D) was laid down during a glacial advance prior to about 7, 600 years B. P. Tyrrell Sea invaded the area contemporaneously with, or shortly after, deglaciation. Isostatic rebound raised the land surface and sea-level receded rapidly. During the initial thousand-year period following inundation, the rate of uplift was about 6 m/ century. Since then, the rate of uplift has decreased to about O. 6 m/ century.
Bibliography: p. 54-63.
Netterville, J. A. (1974). Quaternary stratigraphic of the low Gods River region, Hudson Bay lowlands, Manitoba (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/15989


The skin is a membrane that covers the outer surface of the human body. It varies in thickness from 0.5 mm on the eyelids to 5 mm on the bottom of the feet. The skin is the largest organ in the human body, covering about two square meters on every adult. Elastic and tough, it consists of outer and inner layers referred to as the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis, or exterior layer, has small ridges and dips and is divided into four layers. The outermost part, called the corneum, is in direct contact with the outside environment and consists of flattened cells that lack a nucleus. Once they die, these cells disperse through a process called flaking. A deeper layer of the epidermis called the basal layer, or stratum germinativum, generates replacement cells.
The connective tissue known as the dermis lies underneath the epidermis. It has nerve endings and hair follicles, as well as glands that produce sweat and a fatty material called sebum. Blood and lymphatic vessels bring nourishment up to the epidermis from the dermis. The skin is an important barrier that protects the body from external threats such as physical blows, bacteria and sunlight. The skin is also responsible for thermoregulation. Thanks to internal blood vessels and sweat glands, the skin cools the body when it is hot outside and raises internal temperatures when it becomes cold. The sense of touch is also rooted in the skin. The membrane has a widespread network of nerve endings that pass tactile stimuli including pain and heat on to the brain. The skin can also eliminate certain waste substances including carbon dioxide, sebum, water and mineral salts.
Vitamin D, which is essential for binding calcium in bones and keeping them solid, is synthesized in the skin. Skin comes in many different colors depending on its concentration of a pigment called melanin. Melanin protects the human body from the sun's ultraviolet rays. In white populations, exposure to the sun stimulates melanin production and makes the skin darker, or tanned.
In black populations, the body produces melanin independently of sunlight, remaining more constant over time. The partial or total absence of melanin is the main characteristic of albino people. Albinos are extremely sensitive to sunlight, and have very light, almost translucent skin.


Solitary captive dolphin Honey dies
Reports from Dolphin Project state that a bottlenose dolphin named Honey, often described as the world’s loneliest, has died at the Inubosaki Marine Park Aquarium near Tokyo in Japan.
Honey was taken from the wild in 2005 in one of the cruel hunts that take place each year in Taiji, Japan, where huge numbers of dolphins and small whales are corralled by boats into a small cove and then brutally slaughtered or taken alive for theme park facilities.
The park where Honey was kept closed in 2018 leaving her alone with only a paid employee left to feed her.
Dolphin Project had tried to re-home Honey after being informed that the aquarium was in debt and seeking a buyer.
Read our blog on how the current lock down may impact on the captivity industry
Captive whales and dolphins live shorter lives than they do in the wild. This is significant given the fact that they are kept in an environment that is free of predators, pollution and other threats that they face in the wild. Wild dolphins can swim up to 100 miles a day but in captivity they have very little space in which to move around and so display unnatural behaviour. The captive environment can never replace their natural one.
Read more about the cruelty of captivity, how WDC is fighting to end it and donate now.
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From French corporéité or Medieval Latin corporeitas, from Latin corporeus, from corpus (“body”).
corporeity (countable and uncountable, plural corporeities)
- (uncountable) The quality or fact of having a physical or material body.
- 1883, David D. Paterson, Zion's Waymarks, Or, Knowledge Vs. Mystery, page 105:
- Immortal-soulism, spiritism, ghostism, all spring from a fabulous or mythical source. Corporeity is characteristic of being.
- 2003, Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason, Penguin, published 2004, page 56:
- Determining what was unique about living beings, he postulated the ‘corporeity’ of a soul […] , common to beast and man alike.
- (countable) A body, a physical substance.
quality or fact
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin
- English terms derived from Medieval Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 5-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations


William Bartram Scenic & Historic Highway
- DesignationState Byway (2005)
- Length17 miles
This byway tells the story of the first Native Americans of the region, the European pioneers, and renowned naturalist William Bartram, who attempted to establish a plantation on the banks of the St. Johns River. Bartram wrote the first “tour guide” to Florida in the late 1700s. His book Travels details his experiences journeying through and documenting the southeastern U.S. in the 1760s. The poetic writing and stunning illustrations of Travels captivated readers imaginations across Europe and helped introduce the world to the charms of Florida. Today the route (State Route 13) winds its way along the St. Johns River through pine and palmetto barrens, oak hammocks and swamps, often canopied with trees. It stretches from the Julington Creek Bridge at the St. Johns County line south for about 17 miles to Ward’s Creek. The roadway is in the northeast part of the state, south of Jacksonville. Wide trails parallel the highway from one end to the other, and numerous parks and cultural destinations along the corridor are accessible and welcoming for modern nature-lovers.
Update this byway information today!


Up until about ten years of age every child needs a lot of help in understanding what he or she should do. They do start making their own decisions by then, but they still need their teachers and their parents to help them out. As a parent, you are always trying to make the right choices for them. If you are making a decision to teach them English from a very young age even as young as two years old, that is a good decision. You just have to then figure out which professionals are going to teach your son or daughter.
When you are making this choice of the right class for the language learning process do not forget that your child is passing an age where he or she is also learning about life in general. There are classes which take a unique approach to the language learning process keeping that fact in mind. Those classes mainly have two focuses.
Focus on Language Learning
Their primary focus is, of course, going to be language learning process. For this they will be following an accepted curriculum such as trusted kids english learning center. That is really good news because that is really one of the best curriculums for children. They will keep their classes small to make sure every child is receiving the right amount of attention from the teacher.
The best thing about these classes is that the education process is combined with fun. That helps children to enjoy the time they spend in the class and also to learn what needs to be learnt without feeling stressed out.
Focus on Helping the Child to Grow As a Person
While the language education part is organized really well even for a child of one year through kids learning opportunities such as English playgroup HK, these classes will also focus on helping the child to grow as a person. Their activities will teach the language. At the same time, those activities will focus on helping to enhance leadership skills in children. They will be focusing on team building too.
Moreover, the child will learn about presentation skills, creative thinking and even get an understanding about self-caring ability. This means little by little these classes will be helping the child to grow up into a better person too.
If you are looking for a good place to teach your child English try to select a place which helps him or her to become proficient in the language as well as grow as a good person.


|Mount Rushmore, South Dakota|
Concealed in a celestial wilderness of rock and pine, Mount Rushmore is a magnificent monument sculpted from smooth granite. Commissioned by the Federal Government to create the massive memorial, artist Gutzon Borglum began blasting in 1927.
Borglum chose to depict the featured presidents because of the unique ideals each seemed to possess. George Washington represents the struggle for independence while Thomas Jefferson the idea of government by the people.
Abraham Lincoln was included because he believed in equality and the permanent union of the states. Theodore Roosevelt appears due to his progressive thoughts on the role of the United States in contemporary world affairs.
After Gutzon Borglum’s death combined with a lack of further funding, the project was declared complete in 1941. The work looks unfinished but rough hewn edges give the piece a certain sketchiness that blends into the environment.
Upon entering the complex, a grand boulevard leads to an overlook where the sculpture can be contemplated. As an attraction luring tourists to South Dakota, the structure is certainly a success but some believe the triumph is bittersweet.
That stretch of land is sacred to the Lakota Sioux and in 1868 the Treaty of Fort Laramie granted them the Black Hills in perpetuity. Later, the United States seized the area from the Lakota Tribe after the Great Sioux War of 1876.
Native Americans believe the spiritual mountain they know as the Six Grandfathers has been desecrated. They believe there is an unclean shroud over the presidents’ faces which will remain dirty until the treaties concerning the Black Hills are fulfilled.
There is no doubt that Mount Rushmore exudes patriotism. Visiting the place makes you feel proud of what this nation has become but if you’re a student of American History, you may also feel some regret for how we got there.
|A wilderness of rock and pine|
|A massive memorial|
|Washington represents independence, Lincoln equality|
|The sculpture blends into the landscape|
|The grand boulevard|
|The structure is a success|
|The Black Hills are sacred|
|The Lakota Sioux were granted this land|
|Mount Rushmore exudes patriotism|
|You may also feel some regret|
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Durham Graphene Science (DGS) is a company that specialises in the synthesis of graphene. The company uses a unique ‘bottom-up’ approach to producing graphene. Due to its complicated and relatively unknown manufacturing method DGS were having difficulties in explaining and publicising their manufacturing procedure to potential customers. They originally sought to rebuild their website to further explain their process, relying on standard illustrations and text explanations. However, during repeated meetings I concluded that a more accurate means of explanation could be achieved through 3D animations, using creative digital design technologies to help untangle their complex science so that non-scientists and potential customers could understand and benefit from their product. What initially started out as a one-to-one chemistry lesson, evolved into creatively visualising their techniques, perceiving the manufacturing process from a molecular level, inventing visual representations to describe microscopic elements. The whole process, although superbly simple to DGS, to a layman was immensely complicated and it was the untangling of this complex procedure that required both imagination and inventiveness. Techniques that DGS took for granted needed expanding and completely invisible processes needed visualising in a manner that was straightforward and concise. The design challenge was to tell the story using very simple metaphors for example, what is graphite? What is graphene? How was it previously created? How is it created now? And how is it different from the standard ‘top down’ process? Such simple questions pushed the boundaries of my understanding of our 3D software, looking to film and computer game references to better understand the possible storylines.
|Publication status||Accepted/In press - 2011|


First release of Ethnic American Newspapers now available for trial
Maximum Prepublication Discount Ends Soon
The first release of Ethnic American Newspapers from the Balch Collection, 1799-1971 is live, and this unique new resource is now available for institutional trial. Created from the newspaper holdings of the former Balch Institute of Ethnic Studies—arguably the best known ethnic research center in America—and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, one of the largest and oldest family history libraries in the nation, this online collection will present more than 130 searchable newspapers, including many rare 19th-century titles.
Two centuries of immigrant life in the U.S.
With an emphasis on Americans of Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Jewish, Lithuanian, Polish, Slovak and Welsh descent, this unique resource will enable students and scholars to explore often-overlooked aspects of this nation's history, politics and culture. Nineteenth-century topics include the denial of citizenship to "nonwhites"; the founding of nativist political movements; and the Immigration Act of 1882. In addition to the major contributions of immigrants to business, music, science, education, labor movements and war efforts, later topics include the Naturalization Act of 1906, which for citizenship required immigrants to learn to speak English; the 1942 internment in "War Relocation Camps" of Japanese Americans, several of whom published newspapers; and much more.
An American Ethnic Newspapers collection
Ethnic American Newspapers from the Balch Collection is the third collection in the Readex American Ethnic Newspapers series, which also includes African American Newspapers, 1827-1998 and Hispanic American Newspapers, 1808-1980. It can be cross searched with all other America's Historical Newspapers series, including Early American Newspapers and 20th-Century American Newspapers.
Request a trial today!
E-mail us at email@example.com or call 800.762-8182.


Norfolk Southern Diesel Wheel Slipping
Where steel meets the rail!
The tractive effort and adhesive weight generated by a locomotive is what moves the the locomotive and train forward. The maximum force needed for a train is at start up.
Things can go a little awry when the power to weight ratio is off and the traction is too weak causing the wheel to spin in place.
The result is grinding the rail.
The engineer can cause damage to both the locomotive and the rails if the situation is allowed to go uncontrolled. This would ultimately result in the familiar divets or half gouges in the rail from a wheel spinning too long in one place.
Likewise, when a locomotive is braking too hard, it can cause the wheel to stop rotating and thereby rubbing the wheel in one location that would cause something called a wheel flat.
This phenomenon can occur with both steam and diesel locomotives, and require skilled engineers to work the throttle just right when starting the train moving.
In the case of the diesel locomotive, most have electronic wheel spin detectors may be needed to correct the power output to a certain truck.
Let us know if you have ever seen any wheel grinding by a locomotive. We would love to hear about your experience!


June 14, 2019
The birthplace of American freedom lights up red, white and blue every summer for Independence Day, but a few weeks beforehand, locals have the opportunity to practice their patriotic singing and salute an American icon—our star-spangled banner. Flag Day is set for June 14 and, while it may not be the most glamorous holiday, that doesn’t mean you can’t still celebrate, especially since the nation’s very first flag was made just blocks from your Dalian on the Park apartment!
If you’ve never been to the Betsy Ross House, Flag Day is the perfect opportunity to see what you’ve been missing out on. Nestled right in the middle of bustling Old City, less than two miles from your Dalian on the Park apartment, the home belonged to seamstress Betsy Ross in the 1700s. To mark the end of the Revolutionary War and the celebration of American independence in 1776, Ross is said to have hand-sewn the flag that became the basis for today’s American flag—all right in her Philadelphia house. The home—and its role in Revolutionary America—have been preserved for modern audiences, who are invited to tour Ross’ house, which has been expertly restored to what it would have looked like nearly 250 years ago.
Visitors can walk through the home on self-guided tours, opt for an audio tour or take an outing with a group. There are special exhibits throughout the site documenting Philadelphia’s role in American independence, and how Ross and other women of the time supported that effort. Guests can even stop into the upholstery shop to meet a Betsy Ross reenactor. The house features a beautiful shaded courtyard, perfect for relaxing after a tour and taking in the historic storytelling tours that pop up at the site.
So before you don your red, white and blue on July 4th, get the party started early with a dose of local history!
293 Arch St.
Philadelphia, PA 19106
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TAGS : betsy ross house, flag day, philadelphia


Japan Reveals Plan to Build the World's Fastest Supercomputer
Japan is about to try and build the fastest computer the world has ever known. The Japanese ministry of economy, trade and industry has decided to spend 19.5 billion yen ($173 million) on creating the fastest supercomputer known to the public. The machine will be used to propel Japan into a new era of technological advancement, aiding research into autonomous cars, renewable energy, robots and artificial intelligence (A.I.).
“As far as we know, there is nothing out there that is as fast,” Satoshi Sekiguchi, director general at Japan’s National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, said in a report published Friday.
The computer is currently called ACBI, which stands for A.I. Bridging Cloud Infrastructure. Companies have already begun bidding for the project, with bidding set to close December 8. The machine is targeted at achieving 130 petaflops, or 130 quadrillion calculations per second.
Private companies will be able to tap into ACBI’s power for a fee. The machine is aimed at helping develop deep learning applications, which will be vital for future A.I. advancements. One area where deep learning will be crucial is in autonomous vehicles, as systems will be able to analyze the real-world data collected from a car’s sensors to improve its ability to avoid collisions.
The move follows plans revealed in September for Japan to lead the way in self-driving map technology. The country is aiming to secure its position as world leaders in technological innovation, and the map project aims to set the global standard for autonomous vehicle road maps by getting a head start on data collection. Self-driving cars will need 3D maps to accurately interpret sensor input data and understand its current position.


Pedestrians naturally have a greater risk of serious outcomes in accidents given their inherent lack of protection compared with the protection people in cars and other vehicles have. Factors such as limited street lighting may further increase pedestrian risks.
Even as more vehicles come equipped with safety features designed to detect pedestrians and avoid collisions, Virginia continues to experience a significant loss of pedestrian lives in accidents.
Pedestrian deaths spike in Virginia
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration records indicate that pedestrians made up 9.8% of all vehicular fatalities in Virginia in 2009. That year, a total of 758 people died in automobile accidents statewide, 74 of which were pedestrians.
Five years later in 2014, 88 pedestrians lost their lives on Virginia roads, accounting for 12.5% of the state’s auto deaths. A slight dip in 2015 preceded a spike in 122 foot traffic deaths in 2016. Those deaths represented over 16% of Virginia’s total accident fatalities. In 2017 and 2018, 111 and 118 pedestrians lost their lives in crashes in Virginia, respectively. Pedestrians accounted for 13.2% of all fatalities in 2017 and 14.4% of all fatalities in 2018.
People over 65 at risk when on foot
Pedestrians of all ages experience challenges when navigating busy streets, but it seems that residents aged 65 or older have experienced a dramatic increase in deaths. A report by NBC12.com indicates that a total of 19 pedestrians in this age group sustained fatal injuries in crashes across Virginia in 2018. The following year, pedestrian fatalities among seniors jumped a whopping 95% with 37 such deaths.


WELCOME TO YEAR 6!
FREE SUMMER ACTIVITIES FOR 11-17 YEAR OLDS
In Year Six we will usually set homework every Monday and expect it handed in by Friday. We know that reading is important to support your child's imagination, creativity and learning across all subjects. Therefore, reading for up to 15 minutes each evening for up to 5 evenings per week will be expected as part of your child's weekly homework. Children can choose a school reading book, a library book, or a book from home. Please ensure that your child reads independently and records their opinions about the book. It is also important that children get the opportunity to discuss their reading with an adult regularly, this will aid their reading comprehension skills. Of course it will still benefit Year Six children to read aloud to an adult at home.
The Year Six Team.
Year Six Curriculum and Attitudes
Secondary School, SATs, Grosvenor Hall meeting - 18.9.19
Today we learnt lots more about World War I by taking part in a special day. Our day included dressing up as people living during World War I, which we researched for homework. During the day we took part in a workshop where we were shown a gun just like the soldiers would have carried- it was really heavy! We learnt how soldiers had to have a medical before being accepted into the army and re-enacted being in the trenches. Soldiers had a very strict regime and we practised marching in formation.
In class, we made plasticine models of tanks, planes and soldiers and we also created 'silhouette' artwork using paint and silhouettes of battle scenes.
We thoroughly enjoyed learning more about WWI, dressing up and experiencing a little bit of WWI.


As the winter months approach us, we may think it’s cold outside. However, Earth doesn’t have anything on planet Neptune.
Let’s discover some “cool” facts about this blue planet!
Did you know?
- Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. For this reason, it is extremely cold.
- The average temperature on Neptune is -214 degrees Celsius (-353 degrees fahrenheit).
- Neptune is 2,793 million miles from the Sun. It is 2,700 million miles away from Earth.
- This planet is one of the Gas Giants. It is made of layers of 29% helium, 80% hydrogen, and traces of methane gas. It does not have a solid surface but is thought to have a solid core. The core is about the size of Earth.
- Neptune is also sometimes called an “Ice Giant.” This is because it has an inner layer of water, ammonia, and methane ice.
- Like the “storm spot” on Jupiter, Neptune also has one. It is about the size of Earth.
- It takes 164.8 Earth years for Neptune to orbit the Sun. That is a whopping 60,190 earth days! This makes it the slowest planet to move around the Sun. In fact, in 2011 it completed its first full journey around the Sun since Neptune was first discovered in 1846.
- Neptune was named after the Roman god of the Sea. This is because of its blue ocean-like color.
- Even though Neptune is a slow-mover around the Sun, it spins faster on its axis than Earth. On day on Neptune lasts 18 hours.
Isn’t this cold planet “sizzling” with cool facts? Tell us what you think in the comments section.
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Unknown Benefits of Drinking Water
Day in less food intake and decreased salivation with inadequate fluid intake reason. Because of decreased saliva production will be insufficient liquid necessary for oral hygiene. This also leads to bad breath. Reduction in saliva leads in addition to the well mouth odor. The dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, affects even chewing and even talking.
Inadequate water consumption to hair dryness, breaks, causing them to dandruff and hair loss. Water not only hydrates your body healthy by cleaning, it helps us regain the silky and shiny hair.
Regular exercise to protect our health while doing sports, regular diet, we should pay attention to regular sleep and adequate water consumption. Especially for those who have a key muscle enhancing training for these 4 rules. Increased muscle mass in the body of water need to be considered necessarily will increase. Before and after the training exercise and drinking water both at the same time, it is an effective method for coping with contractions and cramps.
We need to nourish our best for this organ is the brain center of forgetfulness. Enough for this and need to pay attention to healthy water consumption. Thirst as well as forgetfulness, also adversely affect the attention span and ability.
During pregnancy the body needs more water. Because the development of the baby, the mother will be in fluid in the womb, the mother’s blood volume increases, and this means more water needs. For a healthy pregnancy, the mother must meet the needs of the rising water.


This is Part 3 of a Multi-Blog Series. You can read Part 1 and Part 2.
“One small step for man. One giant leap for mankind.”
About 600 million people heard these words live from Neil Armstrong when he stepped for the first time onto the surface of the moon. As the iconic news anchor Walter Cronkite narrated this historic moment over CBS News on July 20, 1969, grainy images transmitted over television screens of an other-worldly space capsule touching down made the event seem simple and serene.
But NASA engineers at Cape Canaveral were anything but calm as the lunar module and its crew made their final approach and landed safely.
These experts at Mission Control knew that a slight error in setting the trajectory of Apollo 11 on its launch pad in Florida could have caused the rocket to veer perilously off target by the time it travelled the 239,000 miles from Earth to the moon. Small differences at the beginning of flight make for significantly different landing points in the end. Trajectory is critical.
The Gospel in a Nutshell
If the typical Christian is asked to describe the essential message of the gospel, most will describe the love of God, the sinfulness of humankind, the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and the offer of redemption. In a nutshell, the gospel is understood through this narrative as two main ideas:
- the fall of humankind, and
- the redemption of humankind.
If these two main ideas set the trajectory of the gospel on the launch pad, then the eventual destination of our mission will feature those who are fully focused on accomplishing these tasks as the main characters in the church’s story while all others serve as supporting cast.
The Whole Gospel?
The fall of man into sin through the rebellion of Adam and the redemptive offer by grace through faith in Christ’s finished work are essential aspects of the gospel to be sure, but is this the whole gospel?
The Puritans, the Reformers, and Augustine say “No.”
If we want to align the whole church to advance the Great Commission in this century, then an adjustment in our articulation of the gospel is in order .
I’ll take up this issue in the next blog.
Photo Credit: J.R. Eyerman for Life Magazine, 1961. Image depicts NASA engineers make equations for spacecraft orbits.
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This month’s Teach by Design article introduced the continuum of play and how to embed play-based learning in your classrooms. Today, we’re going to take a closer look at one specific type of play on the continuum: Free Play.
Free play might sound super childish, but the benefits are many! Free play is simply the dedicated, unstructured time in the day where your students get to move and explore without any adult interference. I mean, isn't that the kind of time we all LIVE for during our work day? Your students do, too. Times like recess are some of their favorite times, and yet there never seems to be enough minutes in the day for it. So, what if we made the time? What are the benefits? How would that work logistically with the bell schedule? Most of this relates to early childhood and elementary school, but what could it look like in middle and high school?
In this episode, we’re talking about it all with Dr. Michelle Bauml and Nellie Huggins.
Michelle is a Professor of Education and an Associate Professor of Early Childhood Education at Texas Christian University (TCU). Sheis also a Play Consultant as part of the Let’s Inspire Innovation ‘N Kids(Liink) Project’s Research Team. The Liink Project is an organization dedicated to increasing student access to unstructured, outdoor recess time as a way of improving social, emotional, behavioral, and academic achievement in schools.
Nellie is a veteran in the field of early childhood education and an advocate for young children and their families. She has spent the last 22 years working in every early childhood setting and role possible –from infant care to preschool teacher, to preschool owner and director. Currently, she’s the Parent Outreach Coordinator for Early Childhood CARES at the University of Oregon – an organization providing early intervention and early childhood special education to infants, toddlers, and preschool age children in Lane County.
For more information on the resources shared in this episode, check out these links.
- The Liink Project homepage
- Early Childhood CARES homepage
- Time to Play: Recognizing the Benefits of Recess: The research findings around the percent of students who have dedicated time for recess in their day.
- Super Fun Transitions by Shawn Brown: An album of transition songs to use in early education settings as kids move from one activity to another.


Yellow Jacket Extermination
Yellow jackets are yellow and black, measuring ½ inches long. They are paper wasps and not bees as they do not pollinate. Paper wasps build a multi layered hive that is either exposed or within a void. If you see these wasps going in and out of a hole, do not plug it up as this will force the wasps to travel through the walls looking for another way out. This only makes control efforts more costly for you.
Often times these wasps will nest above a ceiling evidenced by staining that looks like a water spot. Do not touch it as the wallboard is gone and the only thing between you and the wasps is paper. If you are allergic to stings, this wasp can be deadly. Colonies can have several thousand individuals and without protection you will get stung. Many people are allergic to wasp stings and a trip to the emergency room may be needed.
If the nest is not exposed it is not effective to use wasp sprays. You will need professional help to eliminate them.
We can typically respond to your request with in 24 hours and guarantee results with a one time service. Call Today!
For more info check out the link below:
All Wasps – UMN – This link shows in graphic, color detail differences between wasps and bees. It also explains the biology, life style, stings, nesting habits, and control methods for wasps and bees.
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From Our Experienced Staff


A ball is projected vertically upwards and then falls back to its original position.
Once projected, the ball experiences only a single force, downwards, due to a constant gravitational field strength of 10 N/kg.
Here are three statements about the ball:
- When the ball is moving upwards it loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy.
- The magnitude of the ball’s acceleration increases as it falls.
- No vertical forces act on the ball when it is at its maximum height
Which of the statement(s) is/are correct?
A. 2 and 3 only
B. none of them
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 3 only
E. 1 only
Using the key words from this question, namely being a “vertically projected ball”, we can formulate our own statements about this system -stating what we know before verifying the mentioned answers.
For a vertically projected ball, it is true that:
A. At it’s maximum height, vertical forces act on the ball. Gravity for example, working downwards.
B. Hence, the acceleration of the ball must be constant going downwards, as it moves at a constant gravitational acceleration of 10m/s^2.
C. As the ball shoots upwards, it must gain Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE).
D. When it shoots upwards, it must eventually slow down- meaning it loses kinetic energy.
What we can now do, is refute the question’s statements using our own.
Statement 1 must be true, as it closely matches our reasoning D and C.
Statement 2 is false, and is refuted by our reasoning B.
Statement 3 is false, as it is refuted by our reasoning A.
Making our final answer Statement 1 only, E.


Hydro-Highway Robbery: Reguemos Chile Would Benefit Agribusinesses at the Expense of the Environment, Small Farmers, and Indigenous Peoples
Rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns have led to an ongoing mega-drought in Chile. The country is currently experiencing a serious water shortage that is impacting health, sanitation, food production, drinking water, and energy production. This water crisis requires urgent solutions to ensure that there is sufficient and safe water for communities and ecosystems as well as for productive uses.
Despite the need for immediate solutions, however, it is important to avoid projects that may cause more problems than they solve. The Reguemos Chile project, a “carretera hídrica” or hydro-highway, is an example of such a damaging initiative. Its proponents plan to use a series of canals and aqueducts to transfer water from the south of the country to the central north. However, the Reguemos Chile hydro-highway would be expensive and take years to build. It would only benefit big agriculture and would cause unknown and unprecedented social and environmental damage to the communities who live along its route, damage that would be exacerbated by the national water shortage and continued impacts of climate change. As Chile rewrites its constitution, the country should invest instead in alternative projects that avoid the harmful anticipated impacts of this hydro-highway.


Perhaps we should blame Native Americans. Folklore has it that Columbus’s men saw our original native inhabitants either hopped up on the evil weed or engaging in nonlethal “bloodless warfare”
by spitting juice in the eyes of their enemies. Mattoon Curtis’s excellent book on the history of snuff boxes notes Columbus and later explorers were “horrified and enthralled” by the evil weed
The 16th Century French Queen Catherine de Medici
They saw the native inhabitants inhaling it through the nose and giving them diabolical power that rendered them “furious in battle.” In the beginning, people were arrested for using this “poison from the devil.” And poems written by Puritans arose: She that with pure tobacco will not prime Her nose, can be no lady of the time. Nevertheless, whenever you get a bunch of elites (or academics, or members of the Fourth Estate) together, intoxicants and debauchery often ensue.
Not only did syphilis spread like wildfire, but so did snuff use – led perhaps by 16th-century French queen Catherine de Medici, “The Queen of Snuffers.” By 1702, over 7,000 shops sold snuff in London. And so, snuff boxes became the rage. Almost everyone carried one or knew someone who carried one. As to value, most snuff boxes are worth $10 to $100. Older, decorative or precious-metal boxes, much more. Musical boxes, jeweled boxes, or those engraved with important owners’ names can bring six figures.
Here are a few we own.
a. Sliding 18k gold, German; 1820 – $7,000
b. Gold over bone, American; 1840s – $600
c. 18k gold, French; 1770 – $5,500
Prices are retail; fair market value lower. What introduces Whig or Tory and reconciles them in their story when each other is boasting glory? A pinch of snuff. Where speech and tongue together fail what helps old ladies in their tales and adds fresh canvas to their sails? A pinch of snuff.
This is an archival article formerly written and is for informational purposes only. The valuations in this article have likely changed since it was first written.


What is Educational Psychology?
Educational Psychology is the application of psychological theory, research and techniques to support children, young people, their families and schools promote the emotional and social wellbeing of young people. Educational Psychologists (EPs) also support those with learning difficulties to achieve their full potential through the use of assessment, monitoring and evaluation.
Educational Psychologists are particularly skilled at using problem-solving models to understand the goal of a child's behaviour and what they are trying to communicate to others. They use strength-based and child-centered approaches to create intervention plans, in collaboration with the team around the child.
The Educational Psychologists at Shine Academy are experienced and highly qualified (to doctorate level), and follow the requirements of the British Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC).
Consultations with parents/ carers and other professionals to discuss a child’s needs and how best to support them.
One-to-one and small group interventions to promote a child's learning and emotional wellbeing (i.e. evidence-based therapeutic work for anger management/sleep hygiene/ social communication difficulties/ executive function and concentration difficulties).
Detailed psychological assessments to gather information about a child's needs (i.e. behavioural, learning or social-emotional) using methods such as observation, pupil interviews and cognitive/ learning assessments. Assessments result in a formal written report and a collaboratively agreed intervention plan.
Leading and/or participating in a range of multi-agency and multi-disciplinary panels and child-centred planning meetings.
Supporting staff development by delivering training, staff coaching and providing professional supervision for specialised interventions.


Affirmative Action is used in most college and university admission policies all over the United States. Policies state, Affirmative Action is applied to achieve a well diverse class that will enable students to become educationally and socially advanced, due to contributions of the different types of students around them. An underrepresented minority, therefore, does have an upper hand and a better chance of being admitted into an institution of higher education than a, student of the white' race. There should not be any kind of separation between races and race should not at all be considered in the admission policies of these institutions. Affirmative Action in university and college admissions does not take a progressive stance for higher education and a well diverse student body can be achieved through other methods. .
When a university admissions policy focuses on race and ethnic backgrounds as one of the central factors in the decision making process, the university is being "race conscious."" There are two types of race consciousness, one is where there is an individual consideration of race and the other is when the sole consideration for admittance, is the race of the student. In the case Barbara Grutter, Petitioner v. Lee Bollinger, et al. a white, female applicant, who was a residence of Michigan, did not get into the University of Michigan Law School; she fought the decision, with the case of there being a "race conscious- admissions policy. The university's attention to achieving a diverse student body is through individual assessment of each candidate. .
There is no constitutional objection to the goal of considering race as one modest factor among many others to achieve diversity, but an educational institution must ensure, through sufficient procedures, that each applicant receives individual consideration and that race does not become a predominant factor in the admissions decision making.


Gold Mountain Girl: portrait of Anna May Wong
Steven W. Justice
48×48, Oil on canvas 2022
In 1869, on May 10, Central Pacific Railroad president Leland Stanford hammered home the ceremonial “Golden Spike” at Promontory Summit in Utah, to commemorate the completion of America’s transcontinental railroad. On hand were other bosses, investors, politicians, and Irish laborers. Omitted were all of the 20,000 Chinese laborers who constructed the more difficult western 1/3 of the project (at a 10% casualty rate), banging through high granite mountains using only picks and dynamite, while the eastern 2/3 balled along at a mile-per-day. In this painting, I correct this oversight and include the Chinese laborers in that iconic scene.
By that day, the Chinese had already been given, as part of their severance package, a one-way rail ticket to anywhere but Promontory Summit. In fact, the great American tradition of racial discrimination, which was easier to inflict since the social and political doldrums of the Chinese was conveniently pegged to that of African Americans, forced the Chinese to keep moving along until they eventually took refuge in the charming Chinatown ghettos tourists still enjoy in large coastal cities.
The movie actress Anna May Wong was born in L.A.’s Chinatown in 1905, 50 years after her family had emigrated from Guangzhou to strike it rich during California’s Gold Rush. They instead wound up in their races’ stereotypical support roles of food service and laundering. Anna May was bitten by the Hollywood movie bug at 17, and acted in 50 films followed by years of TV. She was denied leading roles, but landed endless parts as the evil temptress, dragon lady, slave girl, exotic show girl etc. Film censorship codes forbade so much as inter-racial smooching. In fact, if a white leading man was even attracted to her, her character had to die. Rules were rules. No one died in more movies than Anna May Wong.
After a lifetime of being rejected by Americans for being too Chinese and by Chinese for being too American, she lost herself in a sea of booze and depression. But had she not played all these stereotypical roles (and well) some White girl in yellow-face would have (and badly) while Gold Mountain Girl stayed home and folded laundry. The cure for pain is found in the pain.


U.S. farmworkers under the age of 18 will no longer be able to handle pesticides. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) unveiled the landmark move as part of a broad revision to health standards that cover the nation’s 2 million agricultural workers, according to The International Business Times.
“Farmworkers deserve to be healthy and safe while they earn a living and it’s our job to ensure they have fair and equitable working standards to protect them,” EPA head Gina McCarthy said on a call with reporters Monday, joined by Labor Secretary Thomas Perez.
The EPA’s rules, adopted over two decades ago, formerly had no age restriction for workers handling pesticides on farms, forests, nurseries and greenhouses. Every year, between 1,800 and 3,000 agricultural workers covered by the current standards report suffering from overexposure to pesticides, but the true rate is likely much higher, according to the agency. Effects can range from headaches, spells of dizziness and sometimes even death in the short-term to neurological problems in the long-term.
Among other key changes, which are expected to be implemented in the fall of 2016: Agricultural workers will receive mandatory training sessions on the health and safety risks of pesticides every year instead of every five years; growers will be forced to expand the posting of mandatory no-entry signs for especially hazardous pesticides and keep more up-to-date records; farmworkers will also benefit from new whistleblower protections that most other workers currently receive.
To read more, click HERE.


Can PHP Be Used for Mobile Applications?
Not really as PHP is primarily a server-side scripting language. It is not typically used for creating mobile applications directly. However, PHP can be used to build the server-side part of a mobile app, providing data through an API or web services.
To start developing a mobile application that interfaces with a PHP server, you would need to do the following:
Design your application: Come up with a basic design of what you want your application to do and what it should look like.
Develop a RESTful API using PHP: A RESTful API is a standard way for your mobile application to communicate with your server. You would use PHP to develop the server-side logic and then expose the necessary endpoints for your mobile application to consume.
Create a database: Typically, a mobile app with a server-side component will require a database to store data. MySQL is commonly used with PHP, but you could use another database depending on your needs.
Develop the mobile application: Depending on what platform(s) you want your app to run on, you could develop a native app using Swift (for iOS) or Kotlin (for Android), or use a cross-platform solution like React Native or Flutter. This application would communicate with your PHP server through the API you built.
Test your application: Make sure to thoroughly test both your mobile application and your server-side logic.
To learn more about each step, you can look for tutorials or courses online. Websites like Coursera, Udemy, and Codecademy offer various courses on PHP, mobile development, and related topics. You can also find many tutorials on developer websites, blogs, and platforms like YouTube.
Remember that developing a mobile application is a large task and can be quite complex, especially if you’re new to programming. You may want to consider working with a more experienced developer or a mentor to guide you through the process.


To be able to walk independently is one of the primary goals of a rehabilitation programme for people who have suffered a stroke. On regaining the ability to walk, patients often do so with abnormal walking patterns that are a result of the underlying neurological impairments and the compensatory strategies that they develop as they attempt to walk. Abnormal walking patterns are undesirable as they reduce the ability to balance; increase energy expenditure and can lead to deformity and muscle wasting. The challenge for physiotherapists is to determine the causes of an individual patient's abnormal walking pattern to provide the most appropriate and effective treatment.
Genu recurvatum or knee hyperextension is a commonly acquired deformity found in many rehabilitation populations with both musculoskeletal and upper motor neuron pathologies. A majority of patients after stroke are affected by this biomechanical phenomenon – “genu recurvatum”. Knee hyperextension is defined as extension of the affected knee beyond the neutral anatomical position during the stance phase of gait, instead of the normal flexion of the knee joint that is important for shock absorption. One of the greatest impediments to energy-efficient ambulation is the development of a genu recurvatum deformity. When this deviation occurs, the thigh and lower limb segments move posteriorly in direct opposition to the anterior advancement of the proximal body mass over the fixed distal base of support.
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John James Audubon (1785–1851)
From John James Audubon: Writings & Drawings
John James Audubon was born in Haiti 237 years ago, on April 26, 1785.
Initially named Jean Rabin, he was the illegitimate son of French merchant Jean Audubon and a chambermaid, Jeanne Rabin, who died seven months later. In 1794, when his father and stepmother filed adoption papers after they had moved back to France, his name was recorded as Fougère Audubon. In 1800, he was baptized as Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon. Three years later, the elder Audubon arranged to send his son to the United States to avoid conscription during the Napoleonic Wars. After the 18-year-old arrived in America, he anglicized his name as John James.
While living with his wife and two sons in Kentucky during the 1810s, John James Audubon met his match when a fellow French immigrant, the vivacious and arrogant naturalist Constantine Rafinesque, showed up at his door. Among Rafinesque’s many accomplishments are his identification and naming of nearly seven thousand plant species and hundreds of animals. In an essay on Rafinesque, John Jeremiah Sullivan writes, with slight exaggeration, “Audubon is the only person on record as ever having actually liked Rafinesque.” It’s probably more accurate to say that anyone who was initially impressed by Rafinesque—and there were a few early defenders—soon soured on him. Audubon’s advantage was that he had to put up with Rafinesque for only a week, and even that was a strain on his and his family’s forbearance.
Whatever the true nature of their friendship, it later became apparent—long after both men were dead—that during this visit Audubon pranked Rafinesque by inventing at least twenty-six species of animals and (for good measure) two plants, which Rafinesque unquestioningly included in his books and articles. Knowing this fact will entirely change for readers the meaning of the often-hilarious account Audubon wrote about the week Rafinesque stayed in his home. We present Audubon’s essay, “The Eccentric Naturalist,” as our Story of the Week selection, with an introduction offering additional details about his now-infamous hoax.


We became concerned about gas leakage after we found that some gases had harmful effects on human health. A portable gas detector can be used to monitor gas concentrations around the person, either hand-held or worn on clothing or on a belt/suspenders. These gas detectors are usually battery powered. Alarms and flashing lights appear when dangerous levels of gas vapor are detected. But do you know how to use a portable gas detector? This article will guide you on how to stay safe on a daily basis.
Where the use of a portable gas detector is required
Portable gas detection equipment is typically utilized when entering tight spaces, dispatching emergency personnel into potentially explosive environments, locating gas leaks, or performing hot work in potentially hazardous areas.
What you need to know for using a Portable Gas Detector
First, take into account the usage and gases that the portable gas detector will need to be able to detect. Each type is designed for certain uses and gases, and individual gas detectors may detect one to seven gases. When working to prevent the risks connected with poisonous gases, extra time and care should be taken to ensure that the appropriate portable gas detectors have been specified after conducting a thorough risk assessment of the working environment.
Second, think about the environment in which you will use the gas detector and the amount of wear and tear it may need to withstand to continue operating well. A portable gas detector’s performance can be impacted by temperature, pressure, and humidity.
Portable gas detectors are frequently attached to belts, however, it is actually one of the worst places for them. The optimal location for your portable gas detector is as close as possible to the primary entry points for toxins to enter the body—the nose and mouth. The main threats that gas detectors shield their users from are gases and respiratory poisons. The most practical position for a portable gas detector is as close to the face as possible. However, doing so also means that you are protected against a wide range of potentially dangerous gases, all of which behave differently.
Even if you buy the strongest safety equipment available, it still needs to be thoroughly maintained on a regular basis to stay in excellent working order. A professional’s service and inspection of your portable gas detectors during calibration are essential. To make sure you stay in compliance with current laws and health and safety requirements, certification should be given following each service.


We enter the 21st century as we ended the 18th century, with Latinx and Hispanics once again contributing decisively to our nation’s future. During the 18th century, struggling North Americans traveled to the wealthy and powerful Spanish territories in North America, Cuba, Santo Domingo, and Spain desperately seeking assistance for a tenuous rebellion. During the 21st century, the descendants of the same peoples who provided the silver, military supplies, soldiers, loans and economic assistance for the American Revolutionary War are now immigrating to the now wealthy and powerful United States of America in search of economic opportunity and political freedom. While the economic circumstances are reversed, the opportunity remains for Latinx to enrich and contribute to our country.
As we know from the 21st century news reports, the rising numbers of Latinx in the North has been greeted with respect from many citizens, and discrimination and hatred from others. The debate over immigration thunders across this nation of the descendants of immigrants. We have forgotten much of our American history that we have shared with our neighbors in South and Central America since 1776, and the history of the early struggles of the immigrants who are now the majority of citizens of the United States.
In our Blog and Community News pages, we are discussing our American history that we are creating today. Please join us with your thoughts, comments, stories, and insights.


Preparing memo is a complex matter. In preparing memo, due attention should be given to the messages and receivers. At the same time, clarity of message should be maintained and excessive wording should be avoided.
The following techniques should be kept in mind while writing office memo.
How to Write a Memo
Tone of office memo depends on its direction and importance of the message. Upward moving memo is more formal than the horizontal and downward moving memos.
Because upward moving memo goes from subordinates to superiors. Again, memo carrying important message is always written formally. On the other hand, informal memo is written to convey less important message.
An informal memo containing less important message and a formal memo containing important message are given below:
Content is an important part of a memo. The writer should take clear idea about the subject matter that he wants to convey. In writing the contents of memo, proper procedure should be followed.
In order to make the memo understandable to the readers, background information should also be considered in outlining the content of memo.
Using proper technique of writing memo certainly improves the quality of memo. The following are the techniques of improving the quality of memos:
- For each subject separate memo should be written. This will simplify the writing job and reduce the confusion of the readers about the subject matters.
- The contents of memo should be discussed in different short paragraphs to make each point clearer to the readers. Number can be assigned to any series of items.
- When reply is expected from the receiver, necessary space should be kept at the bottom of the memo. Receiver’s response comes faster if it is easy for the receiver to reply.
- Referring the previous communication by subject and date as background information. It makes the massage consistent and understandable to the receivers.
- When immediate response is required, a copy of previous communication or memo should be enclosed with the subsequent memo. This helps to avoid delay caused by receiver’s searching for the referred letter or memo.
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Everyday activities, sports and formal exercise can be combined to create a healthy fitness plan that keeps your teen moving.
The CDC suggests that teens up to age 17 get at least 60 minutes of cardio each day. Although that may seem like a lot, your teen might be getting a good heart workout without even realizing it be walking, playing sports, skateboarding, running track or even dancing. If your teen is shy about exercise, he can even use a video game that includes physical activity to complete his daily aerobic exercise requirements. Not all cardio has to be done in one 60-minute block, either -- your teen can break it up throughout the day for better manageability.
Video of the Day
While your teen doesn't have to hit the gym and pump iron daily, strength training is a component of a healthy teen fitness plan when included three times per week. Strength training can help with weight management and can include anything from body-weight exercises -- squats and crunches, for instance -- to lifting light weights. Teens should aim for between eight and 15 reps per exercise, suggests KidsHealth.org. If your teen plays a sport, strength training is often included through conditioning drills and activities, as well.
Flexibility and Bone Strengthening
Flexibility training rounds out a healthy fitness plan for teens, helping them to retain range of motion, while activities such as jumping rope help retain bone strength. Both types of activities are important for a teen's overall health. Whether it's a yoga class at school, playing a game of basketball with friends or just going for a run, encourage your teen to add both types of activities as part of his daily 60 minutes of physical exercise for a well-rounded and beneficial fitness plan.
Motivation and Safety
When encouraging your teen to exercise more and utilize a regular fitness plan, it's important to put the emphasis on fun and health, rather than using weight as the main motivator. Your teen might feel self-conscious about his weight, and pointing it out to him could cause embarrassment. It's also vital that when your teen engages in sports and other fitness activities, he has the right safety gear in place to help prevent injuries. After all, an injury could sideline your teen, putting him back at square one until he's able to be active again.


Strengthening Informal Seed Systems To Enhance Food Security in Southeast Asia
Keywords:Appropriate Technology, Biodiversity, Cambodia, Food Security, Hunger, Participatory Methods, Seed Systems, Thailand
AbstractIn 2011, the number of hungry people in the world surpassed one billion for the first time. The majority of these people are largely dependent for their food security upon resource-poor smallholder farmers in developing or emerging economies. These smallholders depend on informal seed systems for 75–90% of their food crop cultivation. Southeast Asia, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots in the face of rapidly dwindling global genetic diversity, is at the forefront of seed systems issues. This article examines activities undertaken by a collaboration of researchers and local institutions to enhance food security within informal seed systems in Thai and Cambodian rural communities. We employed a two-step model for strengthening food security using a range of participatory activities to first understand and characterize, and secondly strengthen informal seed systems in the target regions. We documented seed pathways, histories, and storage as well as gender roles in each community. Informal seed systems were strengthened through identifying potential species for commercialization, addressing technological barriers to seed analysis, and conducting seed fairs and seed banking. These activities not only strengthened informal seed systems, but also significantly enhanced all four pillars of food security in the study communities. Recommendations for future informal seed systems and food security research include extending research into more communities and countries, focusing on the potential for enhancing formal seed systems, and examining the possibilities for synergies with food sovereignty approaches.
How to Cite
The copyright to all content published in JAFSCD belongs to the author(s). It is licensed as CC BY 4.0. This license determines how you may reprint, copy, distribute, or otherwise share JAFSCD content.


More Black families are homeschooling their children, citing the pandemic and racism
NPR. December 13, 2021
"The mother of two said she'd always coached her kids at home to keep them on track. But three things made her decide to officially start homeschooling. First, she wanted her children to be safe from bullies. She also wanted them to understand their cultural history. The third factor was freedom."
"Fields-Smith said homeschooling is a way to combat educational racism, which comes in many forms. 'We all know that there are structures and policies and practices within our traditional schools that can be damaging to students of color, Black students in particular,' she said."
"This idea of white supremacy and the inferiority of Black people lingers today," Fields-Smith said. "We are overcoming racism through homeschooling. I don't think white people can say that."
Basic safety and respect should never be factors in choosing to educate one's children at home. If you are an educator, whether in the classroom or in leadership, what are you doing to make your school as hospitable for socially disadvantaged children as it is for socially privileged children? If you are a parent (of socially advantaged or socially disadvantaged children) what are you doing to stare down and resist the stubborn persistence of interpersonal, structural, systemic, and institutional racism in your school community?
What do the statistics regarding the increase in black-identified families choosing to homeschool suggest about the number of adversely-racialized families who would choose to homeschool if they could? In other words, how many socially disadvantaged students come to school every day because they have no better option for getting their education. Present, disenfranchised, and nowhere else to go is not an acceptable daily attendance status.
Achievement gaps. Opportunity gaps. Discipline discrepancies. Implicit bias. Microaggressions. Straight-up hostility. Reinforcement of social constructs that separate people into superior/favored and inferior/disfavored groups. What is your school doing to address these and other critical issues that are leading folks to self-select out of what should be a safe and joyful journey of learning, growth, and preparation for thriving in an increasingly diverse world?
See the complete NPR article here.


Meet Bat Bot, the new flying batlike drone
WASHINGTON (AP) — Holy drone, Batman! Mechanical masterminds have spawned the Bat Bot, a soaring, sweeping and diving robot that may eventually fly circles around other drones.
Because it mimics the unique and more flexible way bats fly, this 3-ounce prototype could do a better and safer job getting into disaster sites and scoping out construction zones than bulky drones with spinning rotors, said the three authors of a study released Wednesday in the journal Science Robotics. For example, it would have been ideal for going inside the damaged Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan, said study co-author Seth Hutchinson, an engineering professor at the University of Illinois.
The bat robot flaps its wings for better aerial maneuvers, glides to save energy and dive bombs when needed. Eventually, the researchers hope to have it perch upside down like the real thing, but that will have to wait for the robot's sequel.
Like the fictional crime fighter Batman, the researchers turned to the flying mammal for inspiration
"Whenever I see bats make sharp turns and perform upside down, perching with such elegant wing movements and deformations, I get mesmerized," said another author, Soon-Jo Chung, a professor of aerospace at the California Institute of Technology.
The Bat Bot has nine joints and measures slightly less than 8 inches from head to tail. Its super-thin membrane wings span about a foot and a half. The flexible flapping — as much as 10 times per second — acts "like a big power amplifier," Hutchinson said.
The researchers still need to add cameras, build more drones and get permission from federal agencies to fly them, but Hutchinson said these bat robots could be flying around work sites and disaster zones within five years. It's already taken three years and cost $1.5 million, including a team of experts from Brown University who studied bat flight, Hutchinson said.
Outside robotics experts were impressed, but cautious.
Smaller fixed-wing drones have problems with maneuverability and four rotors are not efficient, so a bat-inspired design is "a very intriguing line of research," University of Pennsylvania engineering professor Vijay Kumar said in an email. However, he noted, "it is too early to tell if these designs will actually be superior."
Science Robotics: http://robotics.sciencemag.org/


Authoring courses with Articulate Storyline 360 involves several steps:
1. Plan your course: Determine the objectives of your course and create a storyboard. A storyboard is a visual representation of your course that outlines the flow and structure of the content.
2. Create your course structure: Use the Storyline 360 interface to create your course structure. This involves setting up the title slide, table of contents, and navigation buttons.
3. Add content: Import or create your course content, such as text, images, audio, and video. Use the slide master to create a consistent design across all slides.
4. Add interactivity: Use Storyline 360’s interactive features, such as buttons, triggers, and variables, to create engaging and interactive content.
5. Add assessments: Create assessments, such as quizzes and surveys, to test learners’ knowledge and understanding.
6. Publish your course: Publish your course for web, LMS, or mobile devices. Storyline 360 offers several publishing options to ensure your course can be accessed on various platforms.
7.Review and revise: Review your course for accuracy and functionality, and revise as necessary.
Here are some additional tips for using Articulate Storyline 360:
- Use templates and themes to streamline the design process and ensure consistency across your course.
- Take advantage of the multimedia capabilities of Storyline 360 to create engaging and interactive content.
- Test your course on various devices and platforms to ensure it functions properly.
- Consider using branching scenarios to create personalized learning experiences.
- Use Storyline 360’s tracking and reporting features to monitor learners’ progress and performance.


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Hayashi, Y., Hasemi, Y. and Ptchelintsev, A., 2000. Smoke Layer Formation By Fires In Forced Ventilation Enclosure. Fire Safety Science 6: 805-816. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.6-805
Gas analysis and temperature measurement using a room with controllable heat sources reveal the condition of smoke layer formation in fires in forced-ventilation and highly airtight enclosures. Three combinations were used. 1) An inlet opening located in a lower part and an outlet at an upper level, 2) both an inlet and an outlet located on the ceiling, 3) An inlet at the upper level and an outlet at the lower. Methane combustion lasted for longer than 30 minutes in the first case with an air supply rate of 50mh and a heat release rate of 100kW. In the other configurations, combustion lasted for much less than 30 minutes and there was hardly any smoke layer formation. The stability of the smoke layer was also affected by the inlet air velocity. The mechanism of the smoke layer destruction due to increased inlet velocity was also investigated using CFD results.
enclosure fires, forced ventilation, smoke layer, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Member's Page | Join IAFSS | Author's Site
Copyright © International Association for Fire Safety Science


Thank You Mr. Pythagoras
Entry ID #: 255
Created: Sun, Feb 13, 2011 7:55 PM
Team 3129, the Green MacHHHHine, explains how we used the Pythagorean Theorem in the construction of our Vex Round Up robot.
Links / Videos
LegoMindstormsmaniac on 02/15/2011Go to http://forum.robotevents.com/design/challenge/detail/85#details and click "Show Challenge Details": Requirements This contest is open to students anywhere in the world currently participating on an official VEX Robotics Competition team and registered in an education institution at the middle school, high school or college/university level. No team may submit more than one entry. Each team in a multi-team school or club program may enter this competition. Entries may represent a single team or multiple teams from the same school or club. This entry should include a written description (up to 500 words) in PDF format. This can include supporting drawings, diagrams or photographs. Video up to two minutes long, submitted to YouTube.
IrvKalb on 02/14/2011When creating this video, we looked for any limitation on length - but could not find one. Would you please let us know where you found this?