A watery death awaits the International Space Station after its programmed retirement in 2020, according to a recent statement released by Roscosmos (Russian Space Agency). Space doesn’t need more junk, apparently in their account.
Launched in 1998 as joint effort involving numerous space agencies from around the world and tens of billions of dollars worth in investment, the International Space Station was slated for decommissioning in 2015, however the European Space Agency extended its life to 2020. Now, it’s been announced that the ISS will follow in the footsteps of its pioneering predecesor, the MIR, and head for its watery grave in the Pacific.
In a statement released recently, Deputy head of the Roskosmos Space Agency Vitaly Davydov said:
“After it completes its existence, we will be forced to sink the ISS. It cannot be left in orbit, it’s too complex, too heavy an object, it can leave behind lots of rubbish.”
Asked whether a new space station will be built, Davydov said “there are several possibilities. The news comes fresh after the heart breaking retirement of the NASA shuttle program; Russia’s current rocket capable of sending manned flights into orbit, the Soyuz, is also slated for retirement in 2015.
Space debree is considered a big issue and may pose a serious threat to orbiting manned efforts in the efforts, as well as to current commercial orbiting satellites. Just recently, astronauts on board the ISS were forced to retreat in the emergency evacuation module after a red alert was issued, warning of a possible space junk collision – nothing happened, thankfully. Various solutions are currently considered, apparently NASA is considering building a giant laser to blast the space junk.
This doesn’t mean that the sun has set for man in space – on the contrary, it might just mark the beginning of a new age. Russia is currently testing a new space shuttle, with a test flight scheduled for 2015. China has its own, quite impressive, space station plan, while an increasing interest is being stirred around the ever-growing private space exploration sector. Still now word from NASA…


The FDA had authorized Pfizer's booster for the age group earlier Thursday.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended boosters for teens ages 16 and 17 on Thursday, expanding the reach of who's able to get maximum protection against COVID-19. Earlier in the day, the US Food and Drug Administration authorized boosters of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine for teens ages 16 and 17 at least six months after their second dose of Pfizer.
The other two COVID-19 vaccines available in the US, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson, are authorized only for people age 18 or older. Boosters are recommended for all US adults.
"Today, CDC is strengthening its booster recommendations and encouraging everyone 16 and older to receive a booster shot," CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said in a statement. "Although we don't have all the answers on the Omicron variant, initial data suggests that COVID-19 boosters help broaden and strengthen the protection against Omicron and other variants."
The expanded authorization for teens comes as worries over the new omicron coronavirus variantmount in the US. The highly transmissible delta variant continues to be the dominant strain in the states. Officials with Pfizer and its partner, BioNTech, have said that booster doses of its vaccine might be necessary to restore protection against COVID-19 caused by the omicron variant.
Health officials maintain that even if protection against COVID-19 infection is evaded by newer variants like omicron, the vaccines are likely still protective against severe cases, including death. According to CDC data from September, unvaccinated people are nearly six times more likely to test positive for COVID-19, and 14 times more likely to die from the disease.


Over the past couple of years, developing countries have been trying to repay billions of dollars in loans. Many of these loans had been accumulated under corrupt Cold War regimes, and have now become a serious obstacle to overcoming poverty and acting as
a hindrance to economic development. Governments of developing countries have been taking new loans to pay out the old ones, with the end result being that many countries are paying more out towards servicing debt repayments than on health and education combined. Although many wealthy countries have relieved countless debt burdens and international institutions have also taken action, the challenge of debt cancellation and debt burdens remain a problem for two main reasons.
Firstly, because many poor countries had done a relatively good job in managing their debt, they were excluded from the first round of debt cancellation. As a result, today these countries still spend a significant portion of their resources paying off this debt. In 2006, for example, “Lesotho paid $47 million to its creditors, an amount equivalent to two-thirds of its annual development assistance inflows.”
Secondly, a large number of countries that benefited form the original rounds of debt cancellation are now slowly accumulating new debt. One reason for this is that many countries are facing shortfalls of promised development assistance. Additionally, an increasing percentage of the aid is being given as loans now instead of grants.
How do we solve these debt problems? Please comment with your own creative ideas for ways you believe this vicious cycle can be stopped in the comments. Check back later this week when I continue this conversation by providing some of my ideas for solutions in another post.Udit Hinduja is a student at New York University double majoring in Economics and Political Science. As a Program and Research intern with the SISGI Group his focus areas are education, poverty and economic development in Asia and South America.


What Does Biometrics Mean?
Biometrics is a technological and scientific authentication method based on biology and used in information assurance (IA). Biometric identification authenticates secure entry, data or access via human biological information such as DNA or fingerprints. Biometric systems include several linked components for effective functionality.
The biometric system connects an event to a single person, whereas other ID forms, such as a personal identification number (PIN), may be used by anyone.
Techopedia Explains Biometrics
Biometrics is used for security systems and replacement systems for ID cards, tokens or PINs. A key difference between biometrics and other systems is that biometric verification of physical information requires a person to be present, which adds a layer of security because other ID types can be stolen, lost or forged.
A biometric system includes the following components and features:
- A sensor that grabs data and changes it into a usable, digital format via software. This data may be from human behavioral or physical characteristics, such as a fingerprint or retinal scan. An acquisition device, such as a microphone or scanner, captures the data.
- A biometric template developed via the biometric system’s signal processing algorithms. These templates are compared to the biometric system’s data storage, and data is usually encrypted for added security. A matching algorithm compares new templates with others held in the biometric system’s data storage facility.
- A decision process uses matching event results.


If you are familiar with Excel then you will know how a table in RDBMS works, and data stored in Tables. You can say the next version of Excel is RDBMS Table.
What is SQL Table
This post is useful for you to start learning about Table and accessing it using SQL. An SQL table consists of scalar (single-value) data arranged in columns and rows.
Relational database tables Components
- A unique table name
- Unique names for each of the columns in the table
- At least one column
- Data types, domains, and constraints that specify the type of data and its range of values for each column in the table
- A structure in which data in one column of the table has the same meaning in every row of the table
- Zero or more rows that represent physical or logical entities
How to Name a Table
When naming a table, bear in mind that no two tables you create can have the same name. However, table names in the SQL database need be unique only among all of the tables created (or owned) by an individual user.
Also read: 32 Complex SQL queries to instant knowledge
As such, if two users—SONU and KIRI, for example—were to create tables in an SQL database, both of them could create a table named Stocks.
However, neither of them could create two tables named Stock in the same schema.
When selecting a table name, analyze the columns you plan to include in the table, and use a name that summarizes the table’s contents.
- How to create Table SQL Queries.


The Primary Valuation (Griffith’s Valuation) was carried out 1847-1864. It was a survey of land and properties in order to determine their worth for the purpose of levying a tax known as ‘County Cess’ to fund local services.
Griffith’s Valuation for City and County Waterford is available online from the Ask About Ireland website.
The City and County Archive holds Valuation Records for the period after Griffiths Valuation. These are records of the payment of later rates to the local authorities.
In the case of Waterford County, the Valuation Books date from 1869-1890s with some gaps. These are available from the Archives in Dungarvan. The Valuation Books are organised by baronies and within barony by civil parish and then by townland. Provided the townland name is known, the information on the barony or civil parish will be located. You can search Waterford Places an online resource on the townlands of Waterford which will also provide resources and further information on the location searched for.
The Local Government Ireland Act, 1898 set up a new system of local government in Ireland. Instead of funding services through the cess and poor rates, services would now instead be funded by local rates. Rate Books record the payments of rates.
Valuation and Rate Books record the Name of the Occupier, Name of Immediate Lessor, a brief description of the property, valuation of the property – house and land and the payment of rates. These records record only the Head of the Householder or Ratepayer and do not record any other people living in the property. Domestic rates were abolished in 1977.
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Minimum Functionality Lunar Habitat Element Design: Requirements and Definition of an Initial Human Establishment on the Moon
ISSN: 1946-3855, e-ISSN: 1946-3901
Published July 12, 2009 by SAE International in United States
Citation: Di Capua, M., Mirvis, A., Medina, O., and Akin, D., "Minimum Functionality Lunar Habitat Element Design: Requirements and Definition of an Initial Human Establishment on the Moon," SAE Int. J. Aerosp. 4(1):108-129, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2369.
This paper summarizes the activities of the University of Maryland Space Systems Laboratory in performing a design study for a minimum functionality lunar habitat element for NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. By creating and deploying a survey to personnel experienced in Earth analogues, primarily shipboard and Antarctic habitats, a list of critical habitat functions was established, along with their relative importance and their impact on systems design/implementation. Based on a review of relevant past literature and the survey results, four habitat concepts were developed, focused on interior space layout and preliminary systems sizing. Those concepts were then evaluated for habitability through virtual reality (VR) techniques and merged into a single design. Trade studies were conducted on habitat systems, and the final design was synthesized based on all of the results. A full scale functional mockup of the final concept was fabricated which along with neutral buoyancy partial gravity testing allowed more realistic human factors studies and the validation of the VR techniques used previously.


The Parassinikkadavu Snake Park was established by Social activists lead by Hon. Ex-minister of state, M.V. Raghavan on January 8th, 1982 at the site purchased from Kerala Government. This snake park is an offshoot of Pappinisseri ‘Visha Chikitsa Kendra’ intended for Snake bite treatments.
The Pappinisseri snake bite treatment centre was established in the year 1964. This is a centre for curing patients of snake bite using the combination of Ayurvedic, Allopathic and Traditional practices. It was quite common that people bringing the victims of snake bites used to carry the snakes also, as alive, killed or hurt in many cases. Such snakes played a vital role in treatment since the treatment for snake bite differed for Vipers, Cobras, Kraits etc. It was easy for the physicians to provide immediate treatment once the snake is identified and the symptoms are tallying with the particular species of snake. The abundance in number of such captive snakes was a practical problem for the founders of the snake bite treatment centre. Understanding the magnitude of these incidences and to expand the research activities later in 1982 Parassinikkadavu Snake Park was established under the leadership of Sri. M. V. Raghavan the then President of Pappinisseri Visha Chikitsa Society with a noble intention for the conservation and protection of reptiles especially snakes and also to provide awareness for the protection of Wildlife and environment.
The founders got inspiration from Sri. Romulus Whitaker, the famous conservationist and Herpetologist who was instrumental for the establishment of Snake Park and Crocodile Park in Chennai. Providing a practical opportunity to create awareness about the ecological significance of Snakes was the biggest motivation for Social activists of this region for establishing this Park. More than 50 lakhs people visited this Park during the last decade. This park has turned out to be significant education centre for students and general public for last 34 years. .
Our vision and mission
- To mitigate the fear and hatred towards the snakes and other wild animals and to instigate love and compassion towards such animals.
- To provide a congenial environment for rescue and conservation of wild animals and to create a forum for holistic approach in the field of nature conservation.
- To develop Herpetology Institute, Research Centre and Wildlife & Forestry Institute for awareness programme championing the need of wildlife protection and to create a knowledge centre for conservation efforts.


Galxyz is an intergalactic science adventure that combines science lessons with gameplay, making science and learning fun for kids. Galxyz’s Blue Apprentice, which is iOS, Android and desktop computer compatible, encourages mastery of elementary science concepts and develops scientific reasoning for elementary school kids. Galxyz also sequences Next Generation Science Standards-based curriculum to make it easier for parents and teachers.
In Galxyz’s Blue Apprentice, players find themselves on a snowy planet and must make their way through the galaxy in this story-based game as they are faced with various problem-solving tasks, covering over 45 scientific topics, to ultimately dethrone the evil King Dullard. During the development stages of Blue Apprentice, over 10,000 kids participated in the beta multi-platform version and over 200 kids participated in focus groups, usability tests and provided feedback to improve the game to its current form.
Galxyz’s Blue Apprentice features include:
- An intergalactic science adventure story that involves scientific problem solving.
- Available on iOS, Android and desktop computers.
- A combination of Pixar animation and cutting-edge learning design to keep kids interested while they learn standard curriculum topics, such as Physical, Life, Earth and Space Sciences.
- Voice-to-Text elements, which allows players to direct the story.
- Evolving gameplay that changes with the decisions made by the player.
- Currently, the game takes approximately 38 hours to complete.
About The Founder
Osman Rashid is an entrepreneur and leader in educational technology. Prior to Galxyz, Osman was a Co-Founder & CEO of Chegg, and Kno, Inc. (acquired by Intel in 2013), which developed a revolutionary interactive textbook to enhance college students’ scientific studies. He has received several honors in his professional career, including E&Y’s Entrepreneur of The Year Award (CA) 2009, Forbes Impact 15 for 2012 and Inc.’s Immigrant Edge: 9 Wildly Successful Entrepreneurs.


According to some of us Charles Proteus Steinmetz is arguably the greatest unsung hero of the electrical age. Steinmetz represents the major step from trial-and-error methods of electrical invention to the modern age of engineers where math and science are necessary for innovation.
During the 1890s and 1910s Steinmetz was respected as one of the greatest inventors of the age. He attended important scientific conferences and his inventions and opinions guided the largest of companies. Embarrassingly for Westinghouse, Steinmetz was the only one who could solve problems Ben Lamme and Tesla couldn’t figure out at Niagara Falls. Steinmetz’s mathematics drive the very heart of AC power systems design even today. So why have most people never heard of this distinct and spunky cigar-smoking dwarf?
We were pleased to hear of the new documentary by WMHT (PBS) on Steinmetz. The path to proper publicity starts with a solid documentary and hopefully we’ll see more about him soon.
Here at the Edison Tech Center we have published several basic videos on Steinmetz and included him as part of other biographic documentaries such as Harold Chestnut, Pioneer of Automation. Our webpage on Steinmetz is one of the top when you search for him, and figures indicate thousands of people have used it to learn about his odd fellow.
The fact is we have a lot more to tell about Steinmetz that we have not published yet, so you can expect more to come from our side in the future. For now you can enjoy these free online videos from the “Divine Discontent” documentary:
Mountain Lake PBS 28 minute extension:
And here is the full 1 hour documentary on WMHT’s site:


Genetic variation in an infectious disease pathogen can be driven by ecological niche dissimilarities arising from different host species and different geographical locations. Whole genome sequencing was used to compare E. coli O157 isolates from host reservoirs (cattle and sheep) from Scotland and to compare genetic variation of isolates (human, animal, environmental/food) obtained from Scotland, New Zealand, Netherlands, Canada and the USA. Nei's genetic distance calculated from core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrated that the animal isolates were from the same population. Investigation of the Shiga toxin bacteriophage and their insertion sites (SBI typing) revealed that cattle and sheep isolates had statistically indistinguishable rarefaction profiles, diversity and genotypes. In contrast, isolates from different countries exhibited significant differences in Nei's genetic distance and SBI typing. Hence, after successful international transmission, which has occurred on multiple occasions, local genetic variation occurs, resulting in a global patchwork of continental and trans-continental phylogeographic clades. These findings are important for three reasons: first, understanding transmission and evolution of infectious diseases associated with multiple host reservoirs and multi-geographic locations; second, highlighting the relevance of the sheep reservoir when considering farm based interventions; and third, improving our understanding of why human disease incidence varies across the world.
|Number of pages||10|
|Early online date||7 Oct 2015|
|Publication status||Published - 7 Oct 2015|


At the end of the week, students will know and be able to:
- Evaluate the dimensions of international HRM.
- Evaluate approaches, issues and criteria used in selecting employees for international assignments.
- Summarize components and guidelines for performance evaluations of international employees.
- Summarize cultural/language issues involved with the selection process of international employees.
- Chapter 7: International Employee Relations
- Chapter 8: International Workforce Planning and Staffing
- Chapter 9: International Recruitment, Selection, and Repatriation
The Quickwrite consists of 5 questions (answer each question in a complete paragraph 150-200 words):
- What terms were the most important concepts of this week’s lesson? Be sure to define any important terms in your own words.
- What was your muddiest point (that is, what did not make sense)? Identify at least one resource (outside of your textbook) that is scholarly/practitioner based and cite it in APA style that helps resolve this question.
- What would you like to know more about from this lesson, and why? Identify at least one resource (outside of your textbook) that is scholarly/practitioner based and cite it in APA style that helps resolve this question (this must be different from the source that you cite for the second question).
- How does this lesson relate to something you have already learned outside of this class?
- How might you apply the lesson to your present or future work experiences?
Refer to the Quickwrite Rubric for more grading details.


Thailand Culture & Religion
Thai culture has been shaped by many influences, including Indian, Lao, Burmese,
Cambodian, and Chinese. Its traditions incorporate a great deal of influence from
India, China, Cambodia, and the rest of Southeast Asia. Thailand's national religion,
Theravada Buddhism, is central to modern Thai identity. Thai Buddhism has
evolved over time to include many regional beliefs originating from Hinduism,
animism, as well as ancestor worship. The official calendar in Thailand is based on
the Eastern version of the Buddhist Era (BE), which is 543 years ahead of the
Gregorian (Western) calendar. Thus the year 2018 is 2561 BE in Thailand.
Several different ethnic groups, many of which are marginalised, populate Thailand.
Some of these groups spill over into Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia and
have mediated change between their traditional local culture, national Thai, and
global cultural influences. Overseas Chinese also form a significant part of Thai
society, particularly in and around Bangkok. Their successful integration into Thai society has allowed for this group to hold positions of economic and political power. Thai Chinese businesses prosper as part of the larger bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties.
As with other Asian cultures, respect towards ancestors is an essential part of Thai spiritual practice. Thais have a strong sense of hospitality and generosity, but also a strong sense of social hierarchy. Seniority is paramount in Thai culture. Elders have by tradition ruled in family decisions or ceremonies. Older siblings have duties to younger ones.
Thailand's prevalent religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is an integral part of Thai identity and culture. Active participation in Buddhism is among the highest in the world. According to the 2000 census, 94.6% of the country's population self-identified as Buddhists of the Theravada tradition. Muslims constitute the second largest religious group in Thailand, comprising 4.9% of the population.


Nanorod technology enhances titanium oxide sunscreen
to have made the sunscreen ingredient able to absorb more UVA and
UVB solar radiation.
Although it calls for greater regulation of nanotechnology are louder than ever, scientific research on its commercial applications carries on at a pace. The latest discovery sees scientists modifying nanomaterials using nanotechnology to enhance the light-absorbing properties of titanium oxide. The researchers at the US Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory said that nano-cavity filled titanium oxide nanorods were 25 per cent more efficient at absorbing UVA and UVB solar radiation than titanium oxide without nanocavities. The scientists introduced miniscule holes into the already tiny titanium oxide nanorods using a simple technique. "We simply heat titanate nanorods in air. This process evaporates water, transforming titanate to titanium oxide, leaving very densely spaced, regular, polyhedral nanoholes inside the titanium oxide," said scientist Wei-Qiang Han. If it efficiently absorbs UVA radiation the nano-enhanced titanium oxide has definite commercial potential because the current crop of sunscreens has been criticized by the Environmental Working Group and the FDA for not providing adequate protection against UVA. "Our research demonstrates that titanium oxide nanorods with nanocavities can dramatically improve the absorption of UVA and UVB solar radiation, and thus are ideal new materials for sunscreen." Han added. Despite the potential of the new research, nanotechnology remains controversial and many high profile organisations such as the Royal Society in the UK have expressed concerns about its safety. The scientific body said nanomaterials should be treated as potentially hazardous materials. Recently, Friends of the Earth went one step further by calling for a moratorium on the commercial release of nanomaterials.


FRANKFURT — More than 100 parts for US space agency NASA’s deep-space capsule Orion will be made by 3-D printers, using technology that experts say will eventually become key to efforts to send humans to Mars.
US defense contractor Lockheed Martin, 3-D printing specialist Stratasys and engineering firm PADT have developed the parts using new materials that can withstand the extreme temperatures and chemical exposure of deep-space missions, Stratasys said on Tuesday.
“In space, for instance, materials will build up a charge. If that was to shock the electronics on a spacecraft there could be significant damage,” Scott Sevcik, vice president of manufacturing solutions at Stratasys, told Reuters.
3-D printing, or additive manufacturing, has been used for making prototypes across a range of different industries for many years but is being increasingly eyed for scale production.
The technology can help make lightweight parts made of plastics more quickly and cheaply than traditional assembly lines that require major investments into equipment.
“But even more significant is that we have more freedom with the design… parts can look more organic, more skeletal,” Sevcik said.
Stratasys’s partner Lockheed Martin said the use of 3-D printing on the Orion project would also pay off at other parts of its business.
“We look to apply benefits across our programs – missile defense, satellites, planetary probes, especially as we create more and more common products,” said Brian Kaplun, additive manufacturing manager at Lockheed Martin Space.
Orion is part of NASA’s follow-up program to the now-retired space shuttles that will allow astronauts to travel beyond the International Space Station, which flies about 260 miles above Earth.
The agency’s European counterpart, ESA, has suggested that moon rock and Mars dust could be used to 3-D print structures and tools, which could significantly reduce the cost of future space missions because less material would need to be brought along from Earth.


Coping with Tragedy
Experiencing, witnessing, or learning of a traumatic event or major loss can produce significant stress reactions. It is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation. It is difficult to define a typical reaction to trauma as each of us may respond differently. It is important that you allow yourself and others to react to trauma and loss in their own personal way. There is no correct way to respond to trauma and loss. It is critical that in your response to trauma that you allow yourself to experience your feelings, take care of yourself, and seek support from family and friends and, if necessary, a mental health or health professional.
- Share your feelings with others
- Recognize and validate your feelings of fear
- Avoid being alone
- Spend time in environments that feel safe and comforting
- Ask for help in completing tasks
- Seek accurate information on the event and responses to such events
- Take a break from information on the tragedy
- Seek consultation with a professional if you feel unable to cope (Counseling and Wellness Services - 937-775-3407)
- Call the Raider Cares 24/7 crisis telephone service at 937-775-4567
- Recognize that you cannot control everything. There are things in our life that are reasonably within our control and things that are not. It is sometimes difficult to recognize the difference.
- If you draw strength from faith, you may find solace in prayer.
- Find something to do - volunteer time, donate resources, try to make a difference in a positive way.
- Allow yourself time to heal and cope.


Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and therapy
AUTHORS : Salnikova T.V.
RELEVANT UNIVERSITIES : LLC “RAZUM”, Moscow, Russia
YEAR : 2019 | Category : Educational
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the severe systemic pathologies of connective tissue, which significantly reduces the quality of life and can cause disability of the patient even in the early stages of the development of the disease. This autoimmune joint process is very difficult to treat and can last for years. Inflammation in the joints that accompany rheumatoid arthritis leads to their deformation, poor mobility and limited range of motion. In the pathological process, mainly small joints are involved, the lesion occurs according to the erosive-destructive type, that is, the articular surfaces are destroyed.
The reasons influencing the onset and development of rheumatoid arthritis are not fully understood. It is believed that the disease can occur in patients with a hereditary predisposition who have had some types of infections. In their blood, immune complexes are formed, which are deposited in the joints and cause damage. Also, the effect of stress, hypothermia, hyperinsolation, intoxication and other reasons is considered as a triggering factor.


In observance of International Workers’ Day or Labor Day, FAU Digital Library brings you PRISM (Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements), a collaboratively digitized collection of the Florida Atlantic University and University of Central Florida libraries. PRISM, a collection of pamphlets, from the 19th and 20th centuries, reveals a gamut of burning issues reflective of leftist and liberal views from around the world.
These issues are similar to the experiences of today. For example, fair trade is moving at a slow pace. Despite the growing number of organizations and projects addressing labor rights, social equality continues to be a rallying cry as was made apparent in parts of the Middle East, Europe, and even in Wisconsin, United States.
In a recent statement to observe World Day of Social Justice, International Labour Organization Director-General Juan Somavia declared:
Women and men without jobs or livelihoods really don’t care if their economies grow at 3, 5 or 10 per cent per year, if such growth leaves them behind and without protection.
International Workers’ Day, also referred to as May Day, had its origins in the United States with the 1886 founding of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). In 1955, AFL merged with the splinter group, Congress of Industrial Organizations, to become the AFL-CIO.
PRISM is one of several collections in PALMM (Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials), a cooperative digital initiative of the public universities of Florida to provide access to source materials for research and scholarship.


Coriander and cumin are two common culinary spices. Coriandrum sativum (coriander) belongs to the Apiaceae family. The characteristic smell of the green plant is caused by aldehydic compounds (terpenes, linalool, and pinene). The leaves and seeds are rich in calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, and vitamin C.
Cumin comes from the Cuminum cyminum herb. Both coriander and cumin have been used in cuisine in the Mediterranean region, South Asia, Europe, and now other parts of the world. Spices are favored in cuisine because of their flavor and digestive properties.
Its origin may be in Southern Asia and the Mediterranean, but it is cultivated worldwide. The main producers of coriander fruits are Ukraine, Russia, India, Morocco, Argentina, Mexico, and Romania.
These herbs are popular spices in cuisines worldwide. The leaves and seeds are often ground into a powder and used as a condiment.
Traditionally, coriander is used to make many household medicines to treat colds, fever, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, worms, rheumatism, epilepsy, anxiety, insomnia, and joint pain.
Cuminum cyminum, or cumin, is an annual herb of the parsley family. It is native to India, the Mediterranean, Europe, Iran, and regions of Asia and Africa. It is an introduced species in Mexico, Latin America, and the United States.
The spice was well-known to ancient Greeks and Romans. Greeks kept cumin at the dining table, similar to pepper today, and this practice continues in Morocco.
The primary medicinal properties of cumin are in the seeds, which are carminative, antispasmodic, antibacterial, astringent, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. Many Ayurveda formulations for improving digestion contain both coriander and cumin.
The medicinal properties of both coriander and cumin have been extensively researched. Anecdotal evidence of the spices’ digestive properties is well understood and appreciated.
I have only presented a brief overview of the two herbs. Want to learn more about coriander and cumin


Peridotite melt spreading light in the oven
by Thomas P. Ferrand, Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
During melting-quenching experiments on fragments from the Balmuccia peridotite. the magma is spreading its light in the oven.
You can see, from the top of the cylindrical oven, a platinum wire. The wire holds a platinum crucible, from which the magma shines. Platinum is used because of its high melting point, above 1700 °C, when total melting of peridotite is achieved below 1300 °C.
After sample recovery and polishing, SEM pictures show a biphasic glass: metal oxides in dense spheres and a lighter silicate phase. Around the spheres a myriad of (sub)micrometric crystals formed.
Submitted on Feb. 14, 2018
- Earth Magnetism & Rock Physics (345)
- Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Petrology & Volcanology (860)
- Laboratory (102)
- Europe (3535)
- Western Europe (709)
- France (153)
- Exact location (2.3461 E, 48.8431 N)
light, experiment, laboratory, peridotite, lab, magma, platinum, oven, pt
Download original file
1800 × 1800 px;
image/png; 3.7 MB
Credit: Thomas P. Ferrand (distributed via imaggeo.egu.eu)
Click to appreciate


1. In the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, the cyclone separator is a critical component of the external solid recycle loop. It is used to separate solid particles from flue gas efficiently.
2. The RSM turbulence model is adopted to describe the gas phase, and the particle stochastic trajectory model is used to describe the solid phase. The results show that the separation efficiency of the cyclone can be improved at a certain entrance section angle.
3. When the inclination α = 10°, the separation efficiency of the cyclone is highest. When the entryway has the ladder configuration, the streamlines in the cyclone separator tend to bend downward after passing through the ladder, which is conducive to improve the particles’ separation efficiency.
4. A proper cutting angle at the bottom of the central cylinder can improve the internal gas flow and increase the separation efficiency of the cyclone separators.
Hassle Free Operations
Longer Service Life
1. The collected product remainls dry
2. Can handle sticky and tacky solids with proper liquid irrigation
3. Low maintenance cost
4. Very compact in most applications
5. Can be used under very extreme processing conditions
6. No moving parts
7. Constant Pressure Drop
8. Can be equipped with erosion or corrosion resistant
9. Can be fabricated with plate metal
10. Separate liquid or solid particulates,sometiome both in combination with proper design
1. Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation.
2. When removing particulate matter from liquids, a hydrocyclone is used; while from gas, a gas cyclone is used.
3. Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures of solids and fluids.
4. The method can also be used to separate fine droplets of liquid from a gaseous stream.
5. Cyclonic separation can eliminate particulates, such as dirt and dust, from a stream of air, gas or liquid. Engineers sometimes call these tornadic dust busters centrifugal separators. That's because at the root of these machines is something called centrifugal force.


Hatherton Glacier (The name as it would appear in a gazetteer)
Hatherton Glacier (The name as it would appear on a map)
If this information is incorrect, please e-mail email@example.com
Feature type: Glacier
This name originates from New Zealand. It is part of the New Zealand Gazetteer and the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
Names that other countries have for this feature:
A tributary of the Darwin Glacier, with which it shares a common névé. It is separated from the main glacier by the Darwin Mountains. The glacier is about 68km long and has an average width of 11 km. It is notable for its smooth ice surface for almost the whole of its length. Feature depicted on: NZ AntTopo50-MN04
Discovered by the Darwin Glacier Party of the TAE (1956-58). Named after Dr. Trevor Hatherton, Scientific Officer-in-Charge of Antarctic Activities, Dept of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
No images of this place could be found.
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As the financial, commercial and industrial capital of the state of Kerala with over 600,000 inhabitants, Kochi (also called Cochin) is one of the most important ports on the west coast of India. Kochi is located in the Ernakulam district and is surrounded by the Arabian Sea.
India ranks fifth among the countries most severely affected by climate-related risks in 2018: in Kerala, 324 people died during the monsoon season and over 20,000 homes were destroyed. Surrounded by the Arabian Sea, and only five meters above sea level, the city consists of numerous islands, peninsulas and larger bodies of water. That is why the city is caught in a perpetual cycle of floods, cyclones, landslides, and droughts. Kochi has already experienced an increase in temperature of 1°C between 1950-2000, while the sea surface temperature rose by 0.5°C. This is alarming, as small changes in sea surface temperature could have more serious effects on the local climate.
Due to its location and geographical features, Kochi could be heavily affected by possible changes in precipitation patterns and sea level rise by the middle of the century. In addition, urbanization has an immense impact on the water ecosystem and makes the city even more vulnerable to climate risks.
In order to strengthen resilience to the impacts of climate change, MGI will work mainly in the energy, housing and water sectors, which were selected during the City Lab process. Therefore, the focus will be on energy efficiency, keeping waters clean and locally adapted construction methods.
The City Lab team consists of experts from Fraunhofer IGB (water and power), Fraunhofer ISE (energy), Fraunhofer IBP (housing & built infrastructure), Fraunhofer India, Universität Stuttgart IAT, as well as the local partners NIUA and C-HED.
Kochi Climate Risk and Resilience Assessment


Scattered areas of most of the western states (non native)
Riverbanks, roadsides, other disturbed areas, from near sea level to 7,000 feet
Narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, becoming linear up the stem; up to 2 inches long
Dianthus armeria, a species native to Asia and Europe, is found in the US most extensively in the northeast, but also in scattered areas of the West. The inflorescence is an open cluster, usually containing between three and six flowers, occasionally just one. Flowers are essentially sessile, and are subtended both by narrow, linear bracts, often reddish towards the tip, and similar bracteoles. The bracts are comparable in length to the green calyx; up 0.8 inches. The calyx is lined by up to 25 narrow, parallel ribs. All green plant parts have a covering of short white hairs.
The corolla is pink, opening to five clawed, white-dotted petals held at an angle of 90 degrees. Petals are notched at the tip, and less than a quarter of an inch long. The flower center contains ten pink stamens and two pink styles.


If a man knows more than others, he becomes lonely.
The quote “If a man knows more than others, he becomes lonely” suggests that when someone possesses knowledge or expertise that surpasses the understanding of those around them, it can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness. This quote highlights the potential consequences of intellectual or informational disparity within social dynamics.
The loneliness mentioned in the quote can stem from several factors. First, individuals who possess advanced knowledge may struggle to find others who can relate to or engage in meaningful conversations about their specific interests or areas of expertise. It can be challenging for them to connect with others on a similar intellectual level, resulting in a sense of isolation.
Furthermore, the quote implies that having knowledge beyond the norm may create a sense of separation or alienation from the broader society. This can be due to a perceived gap in understanding or the inability to find common ground with others who do not possess the same level of knowledge. It may lead to difficulties in relating to people, as their experiences and perspectives may differ significantly.
Additionally, the quote might suggest that people who possess extensive knowledge might feel misunderstood or find it challenging to communicate effectively with others. Expressing ideas or concepts that others may not grasp can create a sense of loneliness or frustration, as there might be limited opportunities for genuine intellectual exchange.
However, it is important to note that this quote presents a specific perspective on the relationship between knowledge and loneliness. While it highlights the potential drawbacks of intellectual superiority, it does not capture the full range of experiences that individuals with advanced knowledge might encounter. People with extensive knowledge can also find fulfillment through sharing their expertise, mentoring others, or finding like-minded communities that appreciate and understand their insights. Ultimately, the experience of loneliness can vary greatly depending on individual circumstances and the availability of supportive social connections.


It being undesirable for tank turrets to swing about freely during travel, they are provided with locks. The Tiger originally had a lock similar to, but stronger than, the locks of the earlier Panzer III and Panzer IV. It comprised a post that would rise up from the hull roof to engage with a hole in the turret.
This diagram represents the bottom edge of the turret walls, looking up from below. Three small holes are drilled in the walls, at specific angles. The locking post was located on the hull roof at 45 degrees left of the forward direction, therefore the turret could be locked facing directly forward, directly to the rear, or 15 degrees left of forward.
Later, at a time that does not seem to be documented, the holes were replaced by straight slots, about 36mm wide, cut through the armour. They were at the same positions as the holes, and the locking post was unchanged. It's very likely that this design change occurred when the turret armour drawings were reworked to introduce the escape hatch.
The slots introduced a new danger: shrapnel might pass through them into the area of the turret bearing ring. For that reason, 90mm x 60mm x 20mm squares of steel plate were welded over the forward two slots, as this photo shows. The rear slot was almost entirely covered by the hinge of the escape hatch.
In the middle of 1943 a "New Turret" was introduced. It had an internal clamp that could lock it at any angle. Therefore it didn't need to use the post, even if placed on an old Tiger hull. The "New Turret" had no locking slots in its bottom edge.
 Survey of Tiger 250122, at Bovington museum, by David Byrden


Published: 26th March 2021
#ThrowBackToday: About writer Mahadevi Varma, who was born today in 1907, and her feminist writing
In today's #TBT, we feel it's important that you get to know Mahadevi Varma. Sure, you must know her from your textbooks. So let's recollect her life, her writings and her feminist leanings as well
Her work is said to have heralded feminist writing in Hindi literature, such was the aura of novelist and poet Mahadevi Varma, who was born on March 26, 1907. Want to read her work? Shrankhala Ki Kadiyan (The Links of Chains) is a good place to start. Want to know more about her? Well, join us for the ride.
Though Varma considered herself fortunate to have been born in a liberal-minded family, her father was a professor and her mother was well-versed with both Hindi and Sanskrit, she was married at the age of nine. Yes. But nothing could stifle her voice. She went on to complete her master's and then, opted to tread the path of literature rather than that of a householder. She went on to become one of the pillars of the Chhayavad movement, an era wherein Neo-romanticism with ideals like romantic and humanist content.
READ ALSO: The eminent Hindi poet, Mahadevi Varma remembered in Google Doodle
As the Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Prayag Mahila Vidyapeeth, Allahabad, Varma did all she could to shape the lives of girls studying there while all the while, she was working as the editor at Chand, a liberal magazine she raised questions and social issues. Now about her books. Take Hindu Stri ka Patniva (The Wifehood of Hindu Women) drew parallels between marriage and slavery for a Hindu woman. In her short story Bibia, she spoke up about a woman who experienced mental and physical abuse. Impressed yet?
Wisdom in Varma's words:
- It is difficult to talk about oneself, because to see one’s fault is unpleasant and to ignore them is unpleasant for others.
- In every science there is a trace of creativity


Numerical analysis of periodic motion of tethered satellite systems.
Genszler, Grace Q.
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Momentum exchange space tethers offer an alternative solution to orbital maneuvering and attitude control. However, the issue of induced tether vibrations remains one of the major challenges. Large oscillations in the tether can cause it to break. A theoretical model of a satellite system is proposed as a way to examine the various damping systems that work to reduce satellite liberations. The challenges with existing software include costs, uncommon programming languages, and hardware availability. To combat these obstacles, a new model was constructed using MATLAB due to its low student license cost, prevalence in college curricula and mathematical robustness. The numerical model considered in this study utilizes Lagrange’s Equations as a method to obtain the equations of motion for the system in a low Earth orbit and the rotation about the system’s center of mass. It can be shown the motion of the system in orbit and in rotation can be described through a set of secord order non-linear ordinary differential equations. To approximate the positions of the two satellite masses, Runge-Kutta fourth-order method is used. Simulations were then run to examine vibrations in the tether under different mission parameter sets. Sub-satellite mass, tether length, and orbital altitude of the main satellite were varied over a range of values for three different tether materials. This was done to determine general trends and relationships between these four mission parameters in order to optimize dampening of the vibrations in the tether. It can be shown that decreasing sub-satellite mass leads to smaller oscillations in the tether. Orbital altitude and tether length both have specific nodes where tether vibrations are minimized. Overall system behavior does not change with tether material density or strength.
- Physics
File:thesis.pdfMIME type:application/pdfFile Size:174.0Mb


In the early days of Christianity, almost all believers were Jews and for a while it seems that they continued to keep the Jewish Sabbath and Old Testament festivals such as Passover and the other feasts (e.g., Acts 21:21-24)
However, once Gentiles became part of the Christian church it was necessary to decide whether keeping the various Old Testament festivals was necessary. This was addressed in a conference in Jerusalem described in Acts 15 where it was determined that none of the holy days needed to be kept (Acts 15:28-29).
Despite this decision, the keeping of holy days continued to be debated in the early church. Paul wrote to the Galatians:
But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless elementary principles of the world, whose slaves you want to be once more? You observe days and months and seasons and years! I am afraid I may have labored over you in vain. (Gal 4:9-11)
Later he wrote to the Colossians
Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath. (Col 2:16)
So there is no need for the holy days specified under the law of Moses to be kept today. Nor was there a need in New Testament times, although Jews who had grown up with them continued to keep them for a time.


image created via Add Letters
Reading is one of the activities I love doing. However, students don’t usually like it as they haven’t built a habit for reading or they think they don’t read in their daily lives. When I ask about their preferences, they mostly say they don’t read anything.
Of course, they do read. We know that but they don’t know it. They consider reading is just reading books or newspapers. Maybe we can start from there and make them realise they need good reading skills to survive in life.
When they go out, they will walk and see signs and advertisements on the billboards. When they shop, they will have to read the labels or what is in the product. When they go to the doctor, they will have to read the prescription and when they want to celebrate an important event, they will want to invite their friends to eat together so they will buy cookery books and read the instructions.
This is how we do in our mother tongues but they will travel. It’s easier now. They will use social media and have friends all around the world and it is very obvious that they will need English even for reading labels, jars or recipes so everything we read in our daily lives can be used in EFL classrooms as well.
Showing them how to read and teaching them the meaning between the lines can help them see that they actually read. And who knows maybe some of them will even start reading stories too.
Here is an activity I thought I can use with my classes.(As reading recipes is another thing that I love doing)
Activity for reading recipes
Level : Intermediate and above
- Group the students
- Give each group a set of recipes
- Give each group the ingredients they have at home.
- Tell who will be the guests and add what they can’t eat (allergies, taste choice, etc)
- Tell them to prepare a three course meal for dinner . They have to cook and prepare in 60 minutes.
- Students will read the recipes, check their ingredients and choose what to cook.
Follow up: Ask them to create a glogster for their menu.
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Doctors Say Schools All Over the United States Don’t Teach Enough Adult Skills
January 27, 2020
Many skills taught in High Schools are reported by students unhelpful. Calculus, CIvics, and other subjects students complain “won’t help us in the real world.” A Kentucky high school seniors took the opportunity to go to a conference which taught them skills like changing tires, cooking, cleaning, paying bills, and other day to day things that adults will need to know in order to succeed.
It is not only students who feel the need to have a class where they can learn other skills in. ““I saw a Facebook post that parents passed around saying they needed a class in high school on taxes and cooking,” organizer Christy Hardin told Louisville’s WAVE 3 News channel.
Students who have graduated high school have told various news channels and papers that they left high school with gaps throughout life that high school should have filled for them. There are only 17 high schools in Pennsylvania that require students to take a personal finance class, and finances are one of the biggest things that young adults need to learn and understand. Nan J Morrison is the president and CEO of the Council for Economic Education, and she calls economic and financial education classes “crucial” for students’ “financial security later in life.”
The students who went to the seminar have a Facebook page, and they posted that the students were able to “gain more knowledge and skills pertaining to their lives once they graduate from high school.”
Pottsgrove has accounting, personal finance, career exploration, and many other classes that pertain to the area of learning how to live a productive and successful life after graduating.


Bald eagles are popular subjects of American artists. Across the continent, eagle enthusiasts seek out these large raptors, depicting them through photography, prints, carvings, sculptures, and other media.
For artists, spotting bald eagles in the wild varies considerably by location, season, and other conditions. During the summer, most eagles raise their young. During other seasons, eagles often wander, hunting seasonal food sources.
Bald eagles are found on all four major migratory paths of American waterfowl; the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central and Pacific Flyways. Bald eagles often patrol flocks of snow geese and have no problem taking them down.
These waterfowl migrate along the Atlantic Coast, congregating in great numbers. During these seasonal trips, large snow goose flocks are usually hunted by bald eagles.
During the fall, fish also migrate down streams, creeks and coastal rivers. These events often attract eagles searching for food. Crop harvests also gain the attention of eagles in the fall. During harvests, turkeys, pheasants, rabbits, and other small game sometimes become meals for bald eagles and other raptors.
Animal carcasses often attract bald eagles, including deer rut casualties, hunting-related kills, winter deaths and other events. Fish also tend to draw eagles. During the winter months, cold stun conditions sometimes occur, due to rapidly falling water temperatures. During these cold spells, fish get disoriented and become easy prey for hungry eagles.
In spring or summer, spawning migrations attract bald eagles. The most famous spring and summer migrations involve anadromous fish such as salmon, shad, and herring, all of which become forage for eagles.


Atrial fibrillation, also known by other names such as atrial fibrillation, complete atrial fibrillation arrhythmia or complete atrial fibrillation tachyarrhythmia, is a common heart rhythm disorder that belongs to the supraventricular rhythm disorders. This disorder is characterized by rapid and irregular contractions of the heart's atria. These contractions are caused by an uncoordinated action of the atrial myocardial cells, i.e. the muscle cells of the heart.
Definition and Meaning
Atrial fibrillation is a common heart rhythm disorder characterized by rapid and irregular contraction of the heart's atria, caused by uncoordinated action of the heart's muscle cells.
Other names for atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is also known by other names, such as:
- Atrial fibrillation (in the new anatomical nomenclature)
- Complete atrial fibrillation arrhythmia (CA/FA or CAFA)
- Complete atrial fibrillation tachyarrhythmia (CAF/FA)
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder, affecting approximately 2% of the general population. It is also more common in the elderly and those with a family history or cardiac risk factors such as:
- high blood pressure,
- coronary artery disease,
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is based on electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography. Treatment may include:
medications to regulate the heart rhythm,
electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rhythm
placement of a pacemaker,
It is important to consult a physician to assess the most appropriate treatment options.


The ‘running dictation’ method is a simple, fun, intensive way of imparting a detailed narrative to students. It is great for introducing a topic, or for revising it.
Before the lesson, anticipate dividing the class into teams of about five students and print off the timeline of events for each team.
Cut the first timeline into slips and place these neatly into an envelope with the first event at the top of the pile. Repeat for the other timelines.
When the class arrives, divide the students into their groups. Each group member should be given a number (1, 2, 3…)
When the activity begins, you should position yourself at the far end of the classroom (even better, go outside where there is more space).
Upon your signal, person ‘1’ from each team should run up to you and collect their first slip from their timeline.
They should be given a limited amount of time to read this, then they have to hand it back to you, run back to their teams and share as much as they can remember in a limited amount of time. The rest of the team (but not the speaker) should write notes.
At your signal, person ‘2’ from each team should run up to you. The process is then repeated until all the slips have been used up, with responsibility for ‘running’ looping through the students in each group for as long as it takes.
When the process is completed, students should return to the classroom and spend some time in their groups comparing their notes: after all, each member of the team will not have notes relating to the events that they related to the rest of the group.
Taking it further
Thereafter, students could analyse the events in the appropriate way: for example, a Venn diagram dividing the information into political, socio-economic or military explanations, or a diamond 9 diagram prioritising the key factors.
Running dictation exercises can also be combined with jigsaw narrative techniques: in this case, the slips are not given out in any particular order, and the plenary activity involves students having to reconstruct the narrative into the correct order prior to further analysis, as suggested in this video:
Example running dictation: Was the defeat of the Spanish Armada due to Spanish Mistakes, English Skill or Luck?


Dwarf fruit trees do well in containers and make care of fruit trees easy. Let’s learn more about growing dwarf fruit trees.
Planting Guide for Fruit Trees in Containers
Growing dwarf fruit trees in containers makes them easier to prune and harvest. Younger trees bear fruit faster. You can find dwarf varieties of almost any common fruit tree, but citrus trees are the most commonly grown.
Containers for growing dwarf fruit trees may include those made from plastic, metal, clay, ceramic, or wood, as long as there is adequate drainage provided. A general rule of thumb, however, is to start with a container approximately 6 inches (15 cm.) wider than that from which the tree is initially placed in at the nursery.
The miniature fruit tree enjoys well-drained sandy soil of moderate fertility, which is suitable for most dwarf fruit trees.
Care of Fruit Trees in Containers
Care of fruit trees begins with suitable light conditions. Most miniature fruit trees grow best in full sunlight, but some may also do well in partial shade, depending on the type of dwarf fruit tree. Generally, container grown fruit trees should be placed where they will receive maximum sunlight.
Regular pruning is sometimes necessary for proper care of fruit trees to maintain the shape of your miniature fruit tree. Most pruning is performed during dormancy, just before active growth begins in spring. However, summer pruning may be done to remove undesirable growth and maintain smaller tree size.
Your potted miniature fruit tree should be moved indoors during cold spells and placed away from drafts.
They should also be watered only as needed, depending on the species of fruit tree, the type and size of its container, and its surroundings. For most dwarf fruit trees, the soil surface should be allowed to dry out some before watering. Fertilizing, however, should be done more often, at least once every four to six weeks during the growing season.
When growing dwarf fruit trees, you should repot them one size up about every two years.
Grafted Dwarf Fruit Trees
A popular way of increasing fruit production is to graft several varieties onto the one miniature fruit tree. The growth habit of the dwarf fruit tree is a major consideration when deciding to do a multi graft. Grafting fruit trees with similar growth habits will prove to be more successful, as a stronger variety will outgrow a weaker one. An alternative to the multi-grafted tree is growing two separate varieties together in one large container.


The image before you is known as Darwin’s tree of life. Today, most scientists immediately recognize it as a basic idea in evolutionary theory; yet when Darwin drew it in 1837, it was simply a sketch drawn in an attempt to understand the observations he made on the voyage of the Beagle. Based largely on these and later observations, Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, setting off over 150 years of research and cultural debate around the world. But before publication of that seminal work, he filled notebooks with ideas and sketches like this, attempting to reconcile all he had seen.
For me, the power of this image is that it is a tidy summation of what makes science a beautiful pursuit. The eye focuses immediately on the tree itself, which calls to mind the paradigm shift evolutionary theory caused. However, my favorite part of the image is the phrase “I think” scrawled at the top of the page. The essence of scientific inquiry is the ability to say, “I think”, test that hypothesis, and find the truth of the matter through experimentation. Over one hundred fifty years after Darwin publicly said, “I think”, his idea has been validated time and time again by generations of evolutionary biologists. Even better, however, is that in a time when we sequence whole genomes in a day, scientific revelations (and revolutions!) still begin with the simple phrase, “I think.”
edited by Nicole Carlson and Erinn Brigham
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This article was co-published on the TIBBS Bioscience Blog.


Researchers have developed a two fisted, antibody approach that can effectively destroy ovarian cancer – the deadliest gynecological disease – and could also be utilised to kill breast, prostate and other solid tumours.
According to Jogender Tushir-Singh from the University of Virginia’s (UVA), a major problem with immune therapies for ovarian cancer is that the immune cells intended to kill the cancer cells could not infiltrate the solid tumour bed effectively. So he engineered an antibody that he likens to a “two-headed arrow”.
One head of this dual pronged ‘arrow’ strikes what is known as the death receptor on the cancer cells, forcing them to die, while the other head strikes a receptor known as FOLR1, a well established marker that suggests a poor prognosis.
“There are a lot of efforts in terms of cancer immune therapy, but the success of these are really limited in solid tumours,” Tushir-Singh said.
“I found that one of the problems is with the solid tumour microenvironment.
“The microenvironment is highly hypoxic, anergic and, particularly in the case of ovarian cancer, some unusually large receptors form a protective fence around tumour cells, so even if the immune cells reach there, there are many obstacles,” he explained.
The newly engineered antibodies are over 100 times more effective at killing cancer cells than the antibodies that have made it to clinical trials. Further, the approach also avoids toxicity issues that have plagued previous antibody therapies.
“Liver toxicity has been the biggest problem for a lot of antibodies – they are taken out of the blood too fast and accumulate where not needed,” Tushir-Singh said.
“But by providing a good home for the antibodies in the tumour, we are keeping these antibodies away from the liver,” he noted.
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First Published: Sep 01, 2018 10:54 IST
Source: Read Full Article


Attention: Critical Foundation To Build Communication Skill
One of the foundational skills needed for communication development is attention. Attention can be broken down into different categories.
The three broad categories that Patten and Watson (2011) categorized attention into are the following:
- Orienting attention: physically adjusting to a stimulus. Ex: gaze shift or head turn.
- Sustaining attention: maintaining attention to a stimulus.
- Shifting attention: disengaging from one stimulus and reorienting to a new stimulus. Ex: look at a toy and then look at another stimulus (person or object).
In the case of young children with autism, these three components are important because it makes the framework for Joint attention. Joint attention is “shared attention between two individuals and an object or another individual.” (Patten, 2011). Joint attention is critical for developing strong communication skills and is also used to predict later developing skills. In fact, research has shown that children with autism have difficulty with joint attention. Specifically, they have decreased ability to orient to environmental stimuli and shift attention by disengaging from one stimulus and reorienting to a new stimulus. Thus, when helping a child with autism, the above components need to be addressed.
What are some therapeutic interventions that parents and clinicians can use to improve attention?
- Allow the child to take the lead by choosing toys and activities that parents and clinicians can follow along.
- Imitate the child’s actions on objects in order to elicit reciprocal play.
- Use a combination of verbal, visual, and/or tactile prompts to produce attention. Ex: say the word “look” and also point.
- Use specific labels when talking about objects in the child’s locus of attention.
These therapeutic interventions help target the three broad categories of attention, thus, ultimately targeting joint attention. Targeting attention is crucial for children with autism because it helps lay the foundation for building important language skills.
Sources Cited (APA): Patten, E., Watson, L.R. (2011). Interventions targeting attention in young children with autism. American Journal of Language Pathology, 20, 60-69. Retrieved from http://ajslp.pubs.asha.org.


According to our Common Sense Census: Tweens and Teens Media Usage, only 3 % of kids are creating content which means that 97% are consuming! So, how do we reverse this statistic? One way is by encouraging and understanding the games kids are playing. If your kids are playing Minecraft, they are eventually going to discover Roblox. These two sandbox-style games have a lot in common. Both let you design games, meet other players, and, of course, play for hours. They also each have supportive online communities that are always available for help. But Minecraft and Roblox are actually quite different when you get into the nitty-gritty. Both games can teach the rudiments of computer coding (Minecraft uses a Minecraft-adapted Java, and Roblox uses the Lua programming language), though Minecraft has the edge when it comes to being education-friendly. They also both promote math skills, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, and collaboration. Both games are cropping up in after-school classes, computer camps, and even teachers’ lesson plans because the abilities you can gain by creating digital content and interacting with others online are essential 21st-century skills. But, it’s important for parents to understand the differences in these two games and as always, we make it easy. Read how both games stack up on five key elements and consider sitting down with your kid while he or she learns to play.
Have a great week and don’t forget to use Common Sense.


Asbestos Exposure on the USS Alfred A. Cunningham
Hull Number: DD-752
Class: Allen M. Sumner
Built: Staten Island, NY
The USS Alfred A. Cunningham was an Allen M. Sumner-class Destroyer commissioned by the U.S. Navy in November of 1944. Built during World War II by Bethlehem Steel in Staten Island, NY, the vessel measured just over 376 feet fore-to-aft, and held a complement of 336 officers and men.
It was a member of the Pacific Fleet during the war, earning one battle star for its service. Following the Allied victory, the ship conducted operations in the Korean War for which it earned six battle stars, and the conflict in Vietnam, where it earned seven. It served for nearly thirty years, and was decommissioned in February 1971.
Veterans who served aboard the USS Alfred A. Cunningham were likely exposed to asbestos during the course of their regular duty. U.S. Navy ships built prior to the 1970’s used asbestos in much of the equipment on board, including boilers, turbines, pumps, valves, and electrical components.
Materials including gaskets and packing were also often made from asbestos. Many of these asbestos products were concentrated in the boiler and engine spaces, putting Boiler Tenders, Machinist’s Mates, Firemen, and others who worked in these areas in particularly dangerous working conditions.
The companies who manufactured these asbestos products were often aware of the diseases asbestos could cause, but did nothing to warn the veterans serving on the USS Alfred A. Cunningham and other ships from the era. This negligence led many Navy veterans to develop deadly diseases such as mesothelioma and lung cancer.
Victims of asbestos who served in the U.S. Navy have a right to seek compensation, and will not sacrifice their VA benefits by doing so. Settlements can offset or cover the overwhelming costs of medical care, and may provide additional sums for pain and suffering.
The law limits the time in which a lawsuit may be filed however, so it is important to seek legal counsel soon after a diagnosis is made.


Sometimes, chips or other esthetic issues with the appearance of our smiles can cause embarrassment. In addition, damaged teeth can potentially increase the risk of tooth decay and other oral health concerns. Can you repair your tooth and improve the beautify of your smile? With bonding and contouring, we can restore minor damage and help improve the appearance of the tooth.
Try Our Bonding and Contouring Quiz
- True or False: A chipped tooth can lead to decay.
- True or False: Dental bonding repairs chips and masks stains.
- True or False: Dental contouring repairs surface problems in one visit.
- True or False: We may perform both procedures in one visit.
- True. When you chip or damage a tooth, bacteria can come into contact with the inner layers of dentin. Soon, a cavity can form. Without treatment, a cavity continues to spread until an infection can occur, threatening the stability of your tooth. As a result, we recommend having your damaged teeth examined and if necessary, restored.
- True. Dental bonding involves cleaning the tooth and gently etching the surface. Next, several layers of composite resin will be applied to the tooth. As the bonding material cures under a light the doctor will sculpt and mold the tooth. Finally, the tooth will be polished. We can shade the material for a more lifelike appearance. We can mask stains, repair chips, and close gaps between teeth.
- True. Contouring involves gently removing a small layer of outer enamel, which corrects pits or grooves in the tooth’s structure. This procedure can be completed in a single visit.
- True. We often perform both procedures in the same visit. If you have any question about these or any of our other cosmetic treatments, contact our office today.


At last, a resource map for small wind
Big news for the growth of distributed wind power: the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Wind Program and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory recently published 30-meter height, high-resolution wind resource maps for the U.S., including all 50 states.
The maps are a key piece in understanding a state's wind resource potential from a small wind project development and policy perspective and represent the first modern national map of the resource for small wind turbine deployment available to the public.
Wind resource maps are now available on the DOE’s Wind Powering America website for small (30-meter height), community (50 meters), utility-scale land-based (80 meters), and utility-scale offshore (90 meters) wind power assessments. The 30-meter height maps were made available in collaboration with AWS Truepower.
Historically, developing wind resource maps for the U.S. has been one of Wind Powering America’s major contributions to the wind power industry; however, that initiative started with maps focusing on heights of 50 meters and then, tracking with improved technology that allowed for taller towers, 80 to 100 meters. All such heights, of course, were focused on utility-scale wind power and beyond the range for small wind.
The small wind-focused maps are particularly significant in that many states are moving to performance-based incentives for their small wind programs. The maps will help with performance prediction models, currently being worked on by AWEA, that state programs will be able to use.
Turbine installation on Martha's Vineyard exceeds expectations, May 24, 2012
U.K. market for small turbines surpasses U.S., but U.S. manufacturers benefit, May 3, 2012
Small wind milestone: Bergey turbine first to obtain new AWEA Small Wind Turbine certification, December 13, 2011


Apricot Oil from EIR Oils
Apricots are nearly synonymous with Summer, but did you know that they can provide more than a sweet treat on a hot Summer’s day? Read more below to learn about how Apricot Oil is made and the kinds of benefits you can receive from using it!
The Apricot Tree is a member of the Armenian Plum family. They generally have yellow or orange skin and can vary wildly in size. The tree itself can grow as tall as 30 feet high and grows throughout most temperate climates. The Apricot trees that EIR grows are located throughout Spain and Turkey.
Apricot Oil has a light texture, which is great for skin care products or massage oil, and when used topically it can help reduce inflammation, improve skin elasticity, and promote a healthy scalp. Because of its mild aroma, it’s become popular in perfumes, soaps, and other products that contain fragrances.
Apricots are native to Asia but are grown all over the world in drier, temperate climates. EIR’s orchards in Spain and Turkey are a perfect combination of sunlight and aridity needed for these plants to thrive. They also require attentive pruning so that they don’t overcrop and are highly susceptible to pests and diseases, requiring extensive overview during their lifetime.
Harvesting & Processing
Apricots are typically harvested in late summer when they reach a full ripe color of yellow or orange. Harvesting is most often done by hand when the fruit is slightly soft. If left on the tree too long they will become overripe and fall off before they can be harvested.
At EIR, the production of Apricot Oil is a byproduct of the canning industry, so the seeds are brought to their facility after the fruit has already been de-seeded, sliced, and canned. Oil extraction is achieved by cold-pressing the kernels. Because cold-pressing does not use heat, it preserves its natural antioxidants and beneficial compounds. After this, the oil is filtered of any impurities or remaining kernel pulp and prepared for shipment
Apricot Oil offers numerous benefits to people looking to invest in natural skincare or haircare and it’s available now on the Nature Packaged Farm Direct Marketplace.
To purchase EIR Oil's Apricot Oil, click here!


By N. P. Archer, M. W. L. Chan, S. J. Huang, R. T. Liu
Communications of the ACM,
Vol. 31 No. 8, Pages 977-982
Computing in the People's Republic of China has recently begun to gain momentum. Because of China's large population, its computing requirements are of worldwide interest. This article discusses the background of Chinese computing and the implementation of a Chinese-English microcomputer system which is now being used in several places including the PRC.
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KENT: Is not this your son, my lord?
GLOUCESTER: His breeding, sir, hath been at my charge. I have so often blushed to acknowledge him, that now I am brazed to ‘t.
KENT: I cannot conceive you.
GLOUCESTER: Sir, this young fellow’s mother could: whereupon she grew round-wombed, and had, indeed, sir, a son for her cradle ere she had a husband for her bed. Do you smell a fault?
– William Shakespeare
King Lear, Act 1, Scene 1. The Earl of Gloucester jokes to the Duke of Kent about his illigitimate son Edmund, setting the scene for some family drama to come. Gloucester admits that Edmund has been an embarrassment to him and Kent says he doesn’t understand what he means. Gloucester responds with verbal irony, playing on the word "conceive," to explain how Edmund was born out of wedlock. He then cracks a rude joke about female genitals, mocking Edmund’s mother while ignoring Edmund’s presence. "Do you smell a fault?" he tells Kent. This is foreshadowing of how a resentful Edmund will embark on a plot against his father and half-brother.


Episode 43: The overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy with Kau‘i Sai-Dudoit
In 1891 Lili‘uokalani inherited a monarchy that was, says historian Kau‘i Sai-Dudoit, fraught with troubles and situations beyond her control.
“Her first act is she goes out to hear the voice of her people and her people want a return to the Constitution of 1864.”
The newly formed Hawaiian political party, Hui Kalai‘?ina, presented the queen with 9,000 signatures demanding an end to the Bayonet Constitution. There was talk of new constitutional provisions for Hawai‘i too, like giving women the vote for the first time. But the men who’d written the Bayonet Constitution had no desire to see it fall. In early 1893, everything came to a head. On January 14 citizens gathered at ‘Iolani Palace to hear the queen announce the nation had a new constitution. But the queen’s cabinet, which had earlier agreed to the constitution, now refused to sign the document, and the queen was forced to tell the crowd that its promulgation had been postponed. Her foes moved quickly. On January 17, with the backing of the Honolulu Rifles and American troops landed by the U.S. foreign minister, they overthrew the queen, declared martial law and immediately looked toward the U.S.
“She inherited a really messy situation. Things were already in motion. American annexation was already being aimed at by the businessmen in Hawai‘i. They were such a small percentage of the population but they were right here in the heart of Honolulu.”


This lesson teaches you some important facts on air.
Air is a mixture of gases. It covers the Earth in a layer, which is called atmosphere.
Can you feel air? Yes
When the air is moving we can feel it. Moving air is called wind.
E.g. – When you run or cycle you can feel the air is blowing on your face and body.
Can you hear air? Yes.
E.g. – On a windy day as the air rushes through the trees we can hear it.
Can you see air? No.
Does air have a colour? No.
Can you taste air? No.
Can you smell air? No. Clean air does not have a smell.
Carbon dioxide 0.03%
Noble gases 0.97% (Helium, Argon, Krypton)
Yes, the gases in the air are important for us in many ways.
|Nitrogen||Too much of oxygen is dangerous for humans. Nitrogen reduces the strength or flavour of oxygen in the air.|
Hope you learned a lot of interesting facts on air.
Also, read the lesson Oxygen in air.


An international team of scientists has confirmed the discovery of a major cause of dementia, with important implications for possible treatment and diagnosis.
Professor Garth Cooper from The University of Manchester, UK, who leads the Manchester team, says the build-up of urea in the brain to toxic levels can cause brain damage – and eventually dementia.
The work follows Cooper’s earlier studies which identified metabolic links between Huntington’s other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as Type-2 diabetes (T2D).
Other members of the team include the University of Auckland and AgResearch, New Zealand; the South Australian Research and Development Institute, Australia; and Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, US.
The 2016 study revealing that urea is similarly linked to Alzheimer’s shows that the discovery could be relevant to all types of age-related dementias.
The Huntington’s study also showed that the high urea levels occurred before dementia set in, which could help doctors to diagnose and treat dementia.
Cooper said: “This study on Huntington’s disease is the final piece of the jigsaw which leads us to conclude that high brain urea plays a pivotal role in dementia. More research, however, is needed to discover the source of the elevated urea … particularly concerning the potential involvement of ammonia and a systemic metabolic defect.
“This could have profound implications for our fundamental understanding of the molecular basis of dementia, and its treatability, including the potential use of therapies already in use for disorders with systemic urea phenotypes.”
Dementia results in a progressive and irreversible loss of nerve cells and brain functioning, causing loss of memory and cognitive impairments, affecting the ability to learn.
Currently, there is no cure.
The team used human brains, donated by families for medical research, as well as transgenic sheep in Australia.


Emergency school meals for one million children in drought-hit Ethiopia
Child nutrition (Early years), Health and education convergence
The programme will help to keep children in school in Ethiopia, where about 1.2 million students have dropped out of education - many to help fetch water over long distances or look after other children.
An emergency school feeding programme has been launched to allow children to continue their education despite the ongoing drought crisis in Ethiopia.
More than 1.12 million students will get school meals in the worst-hit areas. A similar programme last year allowed more than 2.9 million children to stay in school and be less at risk of child marriage and forced migration.
Ethiopia is continuing to struggle with the effects of the worst drought in decades – caused by a combination of successive seasons of poor or no rainfall and the strongest El Nino weather cycle on record in 2015.
A year ago, six million children were among 10 million Ethiopians in urgent need of food assistance because of the drought. More than 80% of the population relies on agriculture for their food and income.
About 1.2 million students had dropped out of school by February 2016 – many to help fetch water over long distances or look after other children while their parents spent hours getting water. Schools shut down in many areas.
The United Nations’ Emergency Relief Co-ordinator, Stephen O’Brien, is just back from a trip to Ethiopia to see the scale of the drought’s impact.
“We have no time to lose,” he said. “Livestock are already dying and pastoralists and farmers are already fleeing their homes in search of water and pasture.
“Children – more often girls – are dropping out of school to support with household chores, and hunger and malnutrition levels will rise soon if assistance does not arrive on time, particularly among women who are more likely to suffer from health problems and malnutrition during droughts,.”
The school feeding programme was announced by Ethiopia’s education ministry. It will benefit students in the Somali, Oromia and SNNPR regions.
Almost 500,000 children in Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya are suffering from acute malnutrition and 6.5 million could be at risk of starvation, according to Save The Children.
The charity’s Ethiopia director John Graham said: “The situation for already desperate children and families in Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya will only get worse – leaving millions at risk of hunger and even death.”


Free Download English Pronunciation in Use – Intermediate. Mark Hancock – Book(PDF) + Audio CD(Mp3).
English Pronunciation in Use is a comprehensive reference and practice book for learners of intermediate level and above and can be used by individual learners working alone, or in class. The book focuses on pronunciation for listening as well as speaking and includes both receptive and productive practice. There are 60 easy-to use units with key pronunciation points presented on the left-hand page with a range of exercises on the facing right-hand page. All units are supported with audio material which is available in cassette or CD format. The audio material uses a clear model of a standard British accent for presentation and repetition exercises. In receptive exercises different accents used to give learners the opportunity to listen to a range of English accents. There is a useful reference section including phonemic symbols and sound pairs, a self-diagnostic test, a guide for speakers of specific languages and glossary.
Đối với khách hàng ở Việt Nam: Liên hệ trực tiếp với Admin để thực hiện mua hàng bằng cách chuyển khoản ngân hàng nội địa.


When bringing their case to the courts, the prosecution will rely upon numerous forms of evidence. Testimony from witnesses is among the most compelling forms of evidence they have at hand. A convincing account from witnesses at the scene can stack the odds against the accused.
Frequently, witnesses get it right and offer a truthful account that brings justice to all parties. Nonetheless, witnesses are only human and they are prone to prejudice and plain human error. In fact, research suggests that unreliable witness testimony plays a significant role in wrongful convictions. Outlined below are some key reasons why witnesses occasionally get it wrong.
A person’s senses are limited
Witnesses tend to be caught off guard by the commission of a crime. Also, criminal offenses are frequently completed within a matter of seconds. This gives witnesses a limited time to really process what has happened. As a result, there may be a lot of blanks to fill in and the memory does not always get this right. Furthermore, rarely do crimes happen in a perfectly lit environment that is free from distractions. A lack of lighting or clear visual access to the offender could result in an inability to identify the perpetrator accurately.
The human memory is not perfect
Criminal trials rarely come to fruition within a short period of time. It might take months, even years, for both the prosecution and defense to fully establish their case. During this time, witnesses may be subjected to outside influences and their memories could become distorted. The truth is that the ability of humans to recall events in the past is not always as efficient as first anticipated.
If you feel that you have been wronged by the criminal justice system, there may be a route of appeal open to you if a witness in your case recants, if new witnesses are found or there are other causes that make your conviction questionable. Find out more today.


Orangutans Harbor Ancient Primate Alu
Alu elements infiltrated the ancestral primate genome about 65 million years ago. Once gained an Alu element is rarely lost so comparison of Alu between species can be used to map primate evolution and diversity. New research published in BioMed Central’s open access journal Mobile DNA has found a single Alu, which appears to be an ancestral great ape Alu, that has uniquely multiplied within the orangutan genome.
Analysis of DNA sequences has found over a million Alu elements within each primate genome, many of which are species specific: 5,000 are unique to humans, while 2,300 others are exclusive to chimpanzees. In contrast the orangutan lineage only has 250 specific Alu. These tiny pieces of mobile DNA are able to copy themselves using a method similar to retroviruses. But, because this is an inexact process, a segment of ‘host’ DNA is duplicated at the Alu insertion sites and these footprints, known as ‘target site duplications’, can be used to ‘identify’ Alu insertions. Alu elements can be thought of as molecular fossils, and a shared Alu element sequence and location within the genome indicates a common ancestor.


Shining The (blue) Light on mTBI
Updated: Feb 17, 2020
mTBI, or mild traumatic brain injury, are often the results of a fall, collision, or fight. mTBI's can be seen in athletes, soldiers, and any typical individual. While mTBI's can come with a long list of symptoms, change in sleep habits and quality of sleep are seen in 50% of these patients.
William D. “Scott” Killgore, psychiatry professor in the College of Medicine Tucson, conducted a randomized clinical trial utilizing blue light for sleep difficulties. Killgore exposed adults with mTBI to a blue lightbox with a peak wavelength of 469 nm, for 30 minutes in the early morning. Control groups were exposed to an amber lightbox for the same amount of time. Results showed that blue light participants reported less daytime sleepiness, and the ability to wake up earlier without subsequent fatigue or feeling the need for more sleep.
Blue light is often presented in the context of phones, televisions, and computer screens as a damaging and negative side effect of screen use. Killgore recognizes the overexposure of blue light but emphasizes how critical the timing of the light exposure is in providing a maximum therapeutic effect.
The aim of the blue light therapy is to retrain your circadian rhythm, an internal process that also utilizes external cues such as sunlight to moderate our wakefulness and sleepiness. Within this process is melatonin, a hormone released by the pineal gland to cue the need for sleep. Blue light triggers the suppression of melatonin, the suspected culprit for daytime sleepiness in mTBI patients, as the body is no longer properly mediating melatonin release due to insomnia, restless sleep, or daytime sleep. Blue light can suppress the release of the hormone until the proper hour, prompting faster, deeper, and higher quality sleep.
With an increased sleep quality, Killgore believes that healing from mTBI is more of a possibility, and at a faster rate than those who struggle with sleep after their injury.


Richmond and Danville Railroad Memorabilia Value Guide
The Richmond and Danville Railroad started operations in 1847 and stopped service in 1894 for a total period of operations of 47 years.
Since Richmond and Danville Railroad began operations before 1860, it was operating at a very early time as a US Railroad. Almost any railroad antique from this early period will have significant value to collectors such as passes, timetables, documents, lanterns, and other railroadiana which wouldn't have much value if it were from a later period. Antiques from this period can be worth hundreds to thousands of dollars depending on the condition, provenance and rarity of the specific item.
Railroads that ran service to as many states as Richmond and Danville Railroad are fairly rare because it requires a large railroad to cover ground in 7 different states. Since Richmond and Danville Railroad was so large, most items from it will tend to be more common than items from smaller lines. However, large railroads also touched the lives of many more people and were much more well known so while items are more common, there is also a larger demand for them. Value for items from a line like Richmond and Danville Railroad can be in a huge range from a couple dollars for something small like a pinback or deck of cards, to thousands for a builder's plate off a famous locomotive or hundreds for a hard to find lantern.
Richmond and Danville Railroad Operated Routes in the Following States: Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington D.C.


The Port of Cambridge is the seat of Maryland's Dorchester County. Lying on the banks of the Choptank River near the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, the Port of Cambridge is about 56 nautical miles (84 kilometers or 52 miles by air) south-southeast of Baltimore. It is also some 120 nautical miles (189 kilometers or 117 miles by air) via the Chesapeake Bay north-northeast of Norfolk, Virginia. In 2010, the US Census reported that about 12.3 thousand people lived in the Port of Cambridge.
The Port of Cambridge is one of Maryland's oldest colonial cities. English colonists arrived there in 1684, finding the indigenous Algonquian-speaking Choptank people living along the river. Today, the Port of Cambridge occupies some of the area of the former Choptank Indian Reservation.
During the Colonial era, the colonists farmed the Eastern Shore, first raising tobacco on big plantations. African slaves were used on the plantations. The Port of Cambridge was incorporated in 1793.
During the late 19th Century, food processing industries grew in the Port of Cambridge, including factories that canned sweet potatoes, tomatoes, and oysters. The Phillips Packing Company led industrial growth in the Port of Cambridge, becoming the area's biggest employer. Phillips won contracts with the US Department of Defense during both World Wars, employing some ten thousand workers at its peak.
By the 1960s, Phillips closed its operations, leading to major unemployment in the Port of Cambridge and fueling social problems. During the 1960s, the Port of Cambridge was a center for the Civil Rights Movement. The Maryland National Guard was called to help keep the peace. Passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act brought public segregation to an end in the Port of Cambridge.
In the early 2000s, Hyatt opened the 400-room Hyatt Regency Chesapeake Bay resort, bringing both tourism and jobs to the Port of Cambridge. The resort has a marina, a spa, and a golf course. In 2007, the George W. Bush spoke at the US House Republican Conference held here.
Designated a Main Street community in Maryland in 2003, the Port of Cambridge's Main Street project involves major downtown revitalization efforts that will strengthen the city's economic potential. As a result, the Port of Cambridge's heritage attractions have been enhanced, and it is attracting more tourists.
Review and History Port Commerce Cruising and Travel Satellite Map Contact Information


Hill Station: Colonial Period Housing in Freetown, Sierra Leone
On an escarpment, 250m above the city of Freetown, is the small settlement of Hill Station. This was an exclusive resort built for the British colonial administrators and staff between 1902 and 1904. Modelled on the Indian hill stations (such as Simla) and the sanatorium at Aburi, Ghana, it aimed to provide cooler, more healthier abodes for the Colonists. Ronald Ross’s recent discoveries on mosquitoes and malaria also prompted the move away from the city, and the increasing desire for racially segregated housing and cordon sanitaires.
The houses were exported as kits from the UK ready to be assembled and clad on site. Hefty concrete bases are topped with steel frames that provide living accommodation at first floor level . Access is via a perpendicular staircase leading to a verandah. The raised bungalows catch the breeze and offer far reaching views over the forest, city, and ocean below. A club offered the only source of entertainment for the residents of this leafy, isolated, community.
How to access the Hill Station was solved by building a narrow gauge railway line from the city. It operated to suit the office hours of the government officials, and ran from 1904 until 1929 when it was replaced by road and bus service. Each day the officials would commute into town and return at the end of the day to their verandah’s and billiards at the Club House. It was an elaborate and hugely expensive experiment that benefited just a few dozen individuals. To build and maintain a railway through this challenging terrain was an immense task.
Today, just 12 of the original 24 two-storey houses survive, still occupied by civil servants and their families (and still without a piped water supply). Many of the houses are being modified and extended, and the large plots split-up and sold to facilitate new development.