Wang H, Sikora P, Rutgersson C, Lindh M, Brodin T, Björlenius B, Larsson DGJ, Norder H
Int J Hyg Environ Health 221 (3) 479-488 [2018-04-00; online 2018-02-01]
Sewage contains a mixed ecosystem of diverse sets of microorganisms, including human pathogenic viruses. Little is known about how conventional as well as advanced treatments of sewage, such as ozonation, reduce the environmental spread of viruses. Analyses for viruses were therefore conducted for three weeks in influent, after conventional treatment, after additional ozonation, and after passing an open dam system at a full-scale treatment plant in Knivsta, Sweden. Viruses were concentrated by adsorption to a positively charged filter, from which they were eluted and pelleted by ultracentrifugation, with a recovery of about 10%. Ion Torrent sequencing was used to analyze influent, leading to the identification of at least 327 viral species, most of which belonged to 25 families with some having unclear classification. Real-time PCR was used to test for 21 human-related viruses in inlet, conventionally treated, and ozone-treated sewage and outlet waters. The viruses identified in influent and further analyzed were adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, parechovirus, hepatitis E virus, astrovirus, pecovirus, picobirnavirus, parvovirus, and gokushovirus. Conventional treatment reduced viral concentrations by one to four log10, with the exception of adenovirus and parvovirus, for which the removal was less efficient. Ozone treatment led to a further reduction by one to two log10, but less for adenovirus. This study showed that the amount of all viruses was reduced by conventional sewage treatment. Further ozonation reduced the amounts of several viruses to undetectable levels, indicating that this is a promising technique for reducing the transmission of many pathogenic human viruses.


New science centre could mean new treatment for pancreatic cancer!
The UK’s first convergence science centre has opened in the UK! This will bring together scientists from multiple research areas to investigate new cancer treatment paths, including a treatment for pancreatic cancer.
Cancer Research UK have teamed up with the Institute of Cancer Research and Imperial College London to fund the centre. Experts in data, medicine, engineering, biology and other disciplines will work together to help create and develop new treatments for cancer patients.
A new treatment for pancreatic cancer?
The teams will be working on the early detection of cancer, monitoring how cancer responds to treatment and new therapies. One of the first projects being worked on is aimed at benefiting patients with pancreatic cancer. The treatment, called histotripsy, uses ultrasound that has been adapted as a therapy to destroy tumour cells in the body without damaging healthy tissue.
The treatment works by creating pulses of high frequency sound waves and concentrating them deep into the body where the tumour is. These pulses create micro bubbles, tiny bubbles of air that break the cancer cells apart into fragments. The body can then dispose of these fragments naturally without them causing harm. Researchers believe that using this technique could break off and destroy the cancer piece by piece. The technique is very precise, and progress can be viewed and monitored in real time. It also saves the need for surgery in patients who may be suitable for the treatment.
Developing the treatment
This is not the first study to look at the benefits of histotripsy in cancer treatment. Studies have been carried out for other cancer types such as liver and prostate before. There is more than one way of carrying out histotripsy and creating the micro bubbles which break the tumour apart. Studies to find the best method have been carried out in mice and humans with promising results. This research aims to build on these developments.
Thanks to £13 million of cancer research funding into the convergent science centre, this research can continue in the UK and hopefully benefit patients with pancreatic cancer as soon as possible. Survival rates for pancreatic cancer have not improved in line with some other cancer types. Five-year survival remains under 7%. The convergent science centre could help to change this by bringing together researchers from different areas to tackle the disease in new and creative ways.


SEEDS (Science Engagement to Empower aDoleScents) is a science project by teenagers for teenagers. It aims to empower them to live healthy lifestyles and to help them explore how important and exciting science can be. They will use citizen science to create new experiments for healthy lifestyles. These will run for six months in schools in Spain, the Netherlands, Greece and the UK.
SEEDS Consortium aims to engage adolescents from underserved communities in designing interventions that seed an interest in scientific methodologies, promote STEM careers and empower them by enhancing their critical thinking capabilities. All SEEDS partners share a core belief that more can be done to create a better (and healthier) future for adolescents from low-income neighbourhoods.
ECSA activities and milestones
ECSA led the development of the Makeathon events, building a common structure with all partners and creating guidelines to standardise the process. ECSA trained the SEEDS team in the Makeathon process and delivered the first implementation of the Makeathon series in person in the UK. We are leading the dissemination and communication work and
have shared the process and practicalities of SEEDS within the citizen science community. We promote the work of the teenage scientists and the possibilities for citizen science in public health via the SEEDS Twitter and website.
The interventions co-created by the teenagers will be implemented between January-June 2022 and evaluated at the end of 2022. ECSA and SEEDS consortium partners will share their results, including publications and policy briefs through the website, the Twitter account and at various conferences, centring the voices and perspectives of the teenage scientists.


Earning a Living at the Wheel, with the Risk of Losing One’s Life. European Automobile Pilots (1920s-1930s)
This article deals with the emergence of a group of professional automobile pilots in Europe during the Interwar period. During the time, automobile racing was institutionalised and commercialised to a previously unknown extent, under the supervision of European automobile clubs, industrial groups and journalists. In this context, by following the trajectories of pilots, we study the conditions for exercising this practice – part sport, part social activity. These trajectories are mainly marked by a wide diversity due to the sport’s origins, at the crossroads of changes in bourgeois leisure activities and the unprecedented development of the automobile industry. On the roads and race tracks of Europe, racing team pilots came up against wealthy independent racers, forming a stratified population and a wide range of participants with diverse origins, mobility, motivations and compensation. In the representations of the period, the pilots became the icons of the triumph of the automobile, but they nevertheless took second stage to the industrial groups that employed and equipped them. In this European space that was driven across and appropriated, behind the sports competition that acted as a support, this situation gave rise to large-scale industrial competitions and strategies that benefited the sportsmen but also held them captive.


The impact of the Supreme Court's environmental ruling
In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court found the Environmental Protection Agencydoes nothave the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
In the majority opinion issued last week by Chief Justice John Roberts, he argued “it is not plausible that Congress gave EPA the authority” to make drastic changes to the nation’s power grid.
In a written response, EPA administrator Michael S. Regan argued, “As a public health agency, EPA’s number one responsibility is to protect people’s health, especially those who are on the front lines of environmental pollution.”
The ruling was a repudiation of the 2015 Clean Power Plan proposed by the Obama administration.
The six Conservative members of the court followed a legal doctrine known as the “major questions doctrine,” which requires federal agencies to get explicit authorization from Congress to decide on issues of “major economic and political significance.”
Jody Freeman is the director of the Environmental and Energy Law Program.
“Every major regulation is important enough to some industry and we’ll have a major impact on some sector. There will always be complaints that it’s too big of a deal to let a federal agency [regulate] it unless we have a fresh law from Congress,” she told 1A Producer Chris Remington.
Freeman argued it’s likely Republican-led state attorneys general and industry groups will target other federal agencies, including the SEC’s proposed rule that companies disclose their emission standards to the public.
Copyright 2022 WAMU 88.5


Cats, with their charming personalities, can melt even the coldest of hearts with their playful antics and affectionate purrs. However, at times, their love can come with a painful bite. Petting your feline friend, who you believe to be in a relaxed state, can suddenly lead to an unexpected bite. This behavior can be bewildering and cause concern for cat owners. But fear not!
By gaining an understanding of why cats bite when being petted, you can equip yourself with the knowledge to prevent such incidents from happening in the future. This article aims to shed light on this common behavior and help you build a stronger bond with your furry companion.
Understanding Feline Body Language
Cats communicate through body language, and petting can sometimes be misinterpreted as aggressive. A cat may feel threatened or overstimulated when they are being petted, causing them to bite as a defense mechanism. Understanding your cat’s body language is essential in preventing biting. Signs that your cat may be feeling uncomfortable include flattening their ears, swishing their tail, and twitching their whiskers.
Overstimulation and Petting
Cats have sensitive skin and can become overstimulated when petted for too long. Overstimulation can cause your cat to become agitated and defensive, resulting in a bite. It is essential to pay attention to your cat’s behavior and stop petting them if they show signs of discomfort. Allowing your cat to take a break from petting can help prevent biting.
Providing an Appropriate Environment for Your Cat
Creating a safe and comfortable environment for your cat is essential in preventing biting. Providing your cat with plenty of hiding spots, toys, and scratching posts can help reduce stress and provide them with an outlet for their natural behaviors. Additionally, giving your cat plenty of space and respect for their personal boundaries can help prevent overstimulation and biting.
Understanding why cats bite when you pet them is essential in preventing it from happening. Cats communicate through body language, and petting can sometimes be misinterpreted as aggressive. Overstimulation and a lack of a safe and comfortable environment can also contribute to biting. By paying attention to your cat’s behavior and providing them with a safe and comfortable environment, you can prevent biting and enjoy a happy and healthy relationship with your feline friend.
This article might also interest you : Dog, cats, how to get rid of fleas


Rural primary school curricula in Cambodia are entirely focused on reading, writing, and arithmetic, and the vast majority of these lessons are taught by rote. Through our enrichment programs we are adding creative, analytical, and exploratory elements to the classroom and providing a platform for our students to discover their talents. Offering extracurriculars also means that an education is more attractive and interesting to students who receive little encouragement from home to attend school.
The PLF supports libraries at each of our schools stocked with plenty of Khmer books as well as some Khmer to English books so that students can practice their reading in both languages. PLF buys all of the books and pays a librarian as well as provides games such as chess, legos, and puzzles so that students can engage their minds with not only books but stimulating games. Libraries also provide the youngest students a place to grow their interest in learning.
We launched our first science program at Knar School for students studying in Grade 6 in 2015. Our curriculum mirrors the government curriculum to expand topics in biomes, physical science, and human anatomy and includes a host of interactive experiments. Students are now watching videos of caribou migration and narwhal feeding habits, discussing how the price of durian is influenced by the rare fruit bat that pollenates its flowers, building balloon rockets and sound wave machines, and creating and presenting their own physical science posters to the class, and the way the world works is unfolding in front of their eyes.
We are currently offering Ukulele classes for students at Tchey school. Our students are learning Khmer traditional and western songs, exploring their talents and finding their musical groove. This program brings another important creative element into our students’ education and allows them to share their music with the community by performing at PLF events.
Chess club has been enthusiastically taken up by students of all ages. They eagerly play during free hours, challenging their friends and practicing at every opportunity. Playing and learning chess offers our a chance to improve their memory, reasoning, creative and logical thinking, as well as decision making. In addition to hosting chess club as an extracurricular class, we also put on tournaments with clubs from other schools in the area to hold a bit of friendly competition.


Outdoor play without climbers
We try to use natural loose parts and recycles materials, Outdoor games.
Simple games that they play in third World countries.
Research study in nature based programs
EXCERPT FROM OUTDOOR PLAY
Play is the children’s first method of engaging with the World and other people. Increasingly studies on child development are demonstrating that open-ended, self directed play is vitally important for children’s well being and development.
Before the start of companies making playground equipment, outdoor toys or gadgets, children creatively made their own fun with simple, cheap everyday materials, re-purposed for play, such as sticks, stones, water, leaves, soil, sand etc. or recycled materials like cardboard boxes, ropes, fabric, lengths of pipe or milk crates etc. It could even include conceptual inspiration for play such as stories and ideas.
The great thing about using the cheap recycled “stuff” is that it doesn’t come with instructions or a set of directions, or a “right way” to use it. It is all up to the child’s imagination. The playground becomes rich with possibilities for play as children can decide to transform a cardboard box into a castle, or a lion’s cage, all in one afternoon.
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Warmer Ocean Temperatures May Decrease Saharan Dust Crossing the Atlantic
Released on April 19, 2021
Every year millions of tons of dust from the Sahara Desert are swirled up into the atmosphere by easterly trade winds, and carried across the Atlantic. The plumes can make their way from the African continent as far as the Amazon rainforest, where they fertilize plant life.
As the climate changes, dust activity will continue to be affected. In a new study, NASA researchers predict that within the next century we will see dust transport approach a 20,000-year minimum.
GCMD keywords can be found on the Internet with the following citation:
Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Morahan, A. Aleman, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, M. Meaux, S. Grebas, C.Solomon, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, R. Bilodeau, 2013. NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 184.108.40.206.0


“How Autonomous Driving Technology is Changing the Automobile Industry”
Autonomous driving technology has come a long way in recent years, and it’s rapidly changing the automobile industry as we know it. From safety improvements to new business models, here’s how autonomous driving technology is impacting the industry:
Increased safety: One of the biggest benefits of autonomous driving technology is the potential to reduce accidents and save lives. By eliminating human error, autonomous cars can detect potential hazards and react faster than a human driver. This could lead to a significant reduction in accidents and fatalities on the road.
New business models: With autonomous driving technology, we could see new business models emerge in the automobile industry. For example, ride-sharing services could become even more prevalent, with self-driving cars ferrying passengers around without the need for a human driver. This could lead to a significant shift in how we think about car ownership.
Improved traffic flow: Autonomous driving technology could also help reduce traffic congestion. Self-driving cars could communicate with each other and with traffic management systems to optimize traffic flow and reduce bottlenecks. This could lead to a more efficient and less stressful commuting experience.
Changes in manufacturing: The rise of autonomous driving technology could also impact how cars are manufactured. With self-driving cars requiring specialized sensors and software, manufacturers may need to shift their focus away from traditional mechanical components and towards software and electronics.
New legal and regulatory challenges: As autonomous driving technology becomes more prevalent, new legal and regulatory challenges will arise. For example, who will be responsible in the event of an accident involving a self-driving car? How will traffic laws need to be updated to accommodate autonomous vehicles? These are just a few of the questions that will need to be addressed as the technology continues to evolve.
Overall, autonomous driving technology is poised to have a significant impact on the automobile industry in the coming years. From improved safety to new business models, the possibilities are endless. As the technology continues to advance, it will be interesting to see how the industry adapts and evolves to meet the changing landscape.


Remember the see-through green caterpillar from last week? I’ve been studying it some more.
After discovering the air passages or trachea were visible through the exoskeleton, I decided to look for other internal features.
What about the dark green line in the middle of the back? (Photograph was taken looking down at the caterpillar.)
You might think that was the intestine, but I happen to know that the “heart” in insects is a long tube running through the dorsal surface (back). Could that be the “heart?”
Let’s take a look at this video taken from the perspective looking down at the caterpillar from the rear. Watch the green line.
If you look closely, you should be able to see the vessel expand and contract as hemolymph (the insect version of blood) is pumped through.
You might also notice that the pumping is not regular. It starts and stops.
The circulatory system in insects consists of a long tube called the dorsal vessel. The part running through the abdomen is designated as the heart.The aorta is located in the thorax and head.
Unlike ours, it is an open system. The hemolymph bathes the tissues inside the insect. When the heart pumps, the hemolymph moves into the dorsal vessel from the posterior or rear of the caterpillar and flows toward the head end.
In the dorsal vessel are openings known as ostia. Depending on position and type of insect, the ostia may be “incurrent” (hemolymph flows in) or “excurrent” (hemolymph flows out).
The hemolymph that exits goes back into the tissues, carrying in nutrients and moving away wastes.
It was pretty cool to see something I’d learned about in textbooks pumping away in real life.
Have you ever seen an insect heart in action?
Want to learn more? Try this article about the circulatory system in insects at North Carolina State.
Heamolympth flows into the ostia not out of them. The exit is located near the head end of the aorta.
Yikes! I see now that most ostia are incurrent, but some are excurrent. Not as cut and dried as I originally presented in the figure. Thank you for the correction.


Twitter Revolution: How the Arab Spring Was Helped By Social Media
As a result of the many technological advancements and innovations that have revolutionized how individuals communicate, an abundance of information has become available to everyone. Depending on where the information is found, however, it’s reliability can be questioned. With the growing number of international, self-described (both non-for-profit and for-profit) organizations such as Facebook, Wikipedia, Wikileaks and more, much of the information provided is now often opinionated and biased, nonetheless, truthful. Ultimately, public information supplied by social networking websites has played an important role during modern-day activism, specifically as it pertains to the Arab Spring. In Arab countries, many activists who played crucial roles in the Arab Spring used social networking as a key tool in expressing their thoughts concerning unjust acts committed by the government.
Being capable of sharing an immense amount of uncensored and accurate information throughout social networking sites has contributed to the cause of many Arab Spring activists. Through social networking sites, Arab Spring activists have not only gained the power to overthrow powerful dictatorship, but also helped Arab civilians become aware of the underground communities that exist and are made up of their brothers, and others willing to listen to their stories.
In countries like Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen, rising action plans such as protests made up of thousands, have been organized through social media such Facebook and Twitter. “We use Facebook to schedule the protests” an Arab Spring activist from Egypt announced “and [we use] Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world.” The role that technology has taken in allowing the distribution of public information such as the kinds stated by the aforementioned activist, had been essential in establishing the democratic movement that has helped guide abused civilians to overthrow their oppressor.
Social networks have broken the psychological barrier of fear by helping many to connect and share information. It has given most people in the Arab world the knowledge that they are not alone, that there are others experiencing just as much brutality, just as much hardships, just as much lack of justice. Social networks "for the first time provided activists with an opportunity to quickly disseminate information while bypassing government restrictions," Hussein Amin, professor of mass communications at the American University in Cairo said.
It is important to understand that new platforms of social media didn’t cause Arab Spring but played a role of communication that aids the revolutions in the long run.


from a handpicked tutor in LIVE 1-to-1 classes
Writing Numbers in Words Worksheets Grade 1
Writing numbers in words worksheets grade 1 are useful for kids to learn writing single, double, and multi-digit numbers from figures to words. Learning to write numbers in words requires determining their place values, memorizing their spellings, and writing them using alphabets. The transition from writing numbers as digits to spelling is quite an important skill for kids to acquire and requires constant practice.
Benefits of Grade 1 Writing Numbers in Words Worksheets
To bolster the skills of writing numbers, it is essential to incorporate the practice through multiple examples. 1st grade Writing numbers in words worksheets comprise various exercises and problems for students to get well versed with this skill easily. These well-curated foundational worksheets enhance student’s knowledge efficiently. Writing numbers in words worksheets grade 1 are highly interactive and promote active learning in kids. With these math grade 1 worksheets, kids can easily acquire the knowledge of representing numbers in word form to achieve proficiency.
Printable PDFs for 1st Grade Math Writing Numbers in Word Worksheets
- Grade One Writing Numbers in Words Worksheet
- Writing Numbers in Words Worksheet for Grade 1 Students
- First Grade Writing Numbers in Words Worksheet
- Grade 1 Math Writing Numbers in Words Worksheet
Explore more topics at Cuemath's Math Worksheets.


The value of nothing: how to reshape market society and redefine democracyWorldCat•LibraryThing•Google Books•BookFinder
How do we know how much something costs? Our society has managed to invent prices for items that ignore the true social costs of creating them. Just think, does it really only cost $10 to buy a T-Shirt? What about the environmental impacts of producing and shipping the T-shirt? What about the person who sewed the T-shirt? What about when the T-Shirt goes in the garbage? Our planet is currently losing three species a day. Yet, the market does not crash every time another species goes extinct. These animals, birds, insects, or fish have no monetary value. The markets do not value biodiversity but humanity cannot survive without it.
The Value of Nothing was written as a response to the economic crash of 2008. While we believe that markets self-regulate and that deregulation increases competition, Patel explains how our assumptions are wrong.
To start, our market economy is a social construct that has been in the making for several hundred years. In this market economy, we chronically overvalue things that are destructive, like oil and coal, while chronically undervaluing things such as the climate, health and sustainably grown food. The profit motive drives decision making. Material wealth is the end goal, which results in increasing inequality. After all, we can’t buy a $10 T-Shirt unless we paid someone less than $10 to make it. The price of that T-shirt does not include the true cost of the pesticides sprayed on the cotton fields or the pollution emitted due to transportation.
Historically, this process started when we began converting commons to private property. When resources such as land, oceans or seeds are privately owned, then some people own more than others. Those at the top of the power pyramid continue to exploit their position to increase profits, while those at the bottom scramble to survive.
If resources are managed by a collective, it is in the best interest of the collective to define the limits of resource use, to reduce private accumulation and to determine how things are shared. We have many examples on our planet of current and past societies living with communal resources. These resources do not have price tags on them but rather have intrinsic value that is understood by all who participate.
“The opposite of consumption isn’t thrift, it’s generosity.”


The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 47...
... The comparisons use standardized specifications of model inputs and standardized output formats agreed on by an international committee, and an extensive suite of model outputs is archived and made publicly available for the science and applications communities.4,5 Ekman circulation is the net transport of water due to coupling between wind and surface waters, also known as Ekman transport, resulting from the Ekman spiral (how horizontal wind sets surface waters in motion, in which the speed and direction of water motion change with increasing depth) .6 El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
From page 48...
... The water remains open because of processes that prevent sea ice from forming or that quickly move sea ice out of the region.13 Reanalysis refers to the reprocessing of observational data spanning a historical period using a consistent modern analysis system.14 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are GHG concentration trajectories used for climate modeling and research.15 Rossby Waves are a natural phenomenon in the ocean and atmosphere that owe their properties to Earth's rotation.
From page 49...
... Almost all Southern Ocean or Antarctic sea ice is seasonal sea ice.22 Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary mode of atmospheric variability at high southern latitudes.23 Westerly Winds are winds from the west toward the east in the mid-latitudes (between 30 and 60 degrees)
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.


What can a book written thousands of years ago mean for today? This is a question many ask regarding the Bible, and it’s an extremely important one. If the content of the Bible has no special relevancy for us now then there’s no reason to read and apply any of what it says to life.
There are a couple of steps we can take to determine the Bible’s relevancy.
First, we can ask how the Bible was relevant during the time it was written. For example, we should explore what the life of Jesus and the message he taught meant during Biblical times. This helps explain why his ministry was controversial and resulted in his being crucified by the Jews. It also illustrates the power of his work on earth and subsequent resurrection from the dead.
Secondly, in light of the purpose of Jesus’s life and ministry thousands of years ago, we must weigh its meaning now. Does Jesus’ message regarding sin, the need for repentance, and the necessity of a Savior still hold true? Can his commandment to love him and one’s neighbor still apply? If Jesus walked on earth today teaching the same principles that he taught years ago, would they still ring true in the hearts and minds of those who listened?
When we begin to explore these two things, a story of redemption is clearly illuminated. And this story of redemption is not only about people thousands of years ago, but people today as well.
In other words, the truths of the Bible transcend time and culture. Hebrews 4:12 describes it this way,
The word of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart.
The relevance of God’s word was not confined to a particular period or people, we should view it as an unfolding story of God’s relation to humankind. The Bible tells the Good News of Jesus Christ for everyone throughout all of history.
For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life. For God did not send the Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world might be saved through Him.
More About the Person of Jesus
Can You Be Forgiven?
Know God Personally?


Middle & High School Competitions
The Ten80 Student Racing Challenge: As part of the Ten80 National STEM League, middle and high school students compete using electric radio controlled (RC) cars. Students create the cars and work together in ways that parallel the arduous preparation of racing teams in the months leading up to each race. Student teams showcase their work and compete both online and in person (locally and nationally).
Try-Math-A-Lon is a tutoring program meant to foster good study habits for minority students, help prepare them for standardized test exams such as the ACT and SAT, and promote competition and good sportsmanship. TMAL 'JEOPARDY’ style competitions are held at Regional and National Conferences between a maximum of 6 qualifying teams composed of high school students from NSBE Jr. Chapters. The overall purpose of the competition is to help groom TMAL team members for success in STEM courses and prepare them for standardized SAT/ACT testing.
Texas Alliance for Minorities in Engineering (TAME)
Texas Alliance for Minorities in Engineering’s mission is to “create equitable experiences for students from underrepresented groups to explore futures in engineering by fostering their sense of belonging and equipping them with knowledge, skills, and intergenerational support through statewide programming at no cost to students”, Students participate in science and math test. They also participate in an engineering design competition on the regional and state levels.
The KidWind is a project-based program that engages students to learn more about wind energy. Student teams design, construct and test small scale wind turbines at events all over the countries.


Multi-component Lifestyle Interventions for Diabetes and Associated Non-communicable Diseases: Considerations for Future Research.
Diabetes prevalence is at an alarming level. Despite several global calls for action to reverse such a trend, the number of people with diabetes and associated lifestyle diseases continues to rise leading to significant health burdens, morbidity and premature mortality. Such challenge makes it crucial to adopt immediate preventative policies which embed effective lifestyle diabetes interventions, especially those integrating multi-components interventions.
Adopting a multi-component approach which encompasses changing behavioral and physical aspects is likely to be more effective than a single component diabetes prevention program.
Lessons from large lifestyle interventions combining a variety of physical activity patterns with different healthy dietary regimes have unequivocal evidence about their joint long-term effectiveness compared with adopting a single component whether exercise, diet or medication alone.
In such, interventions should always adopt exercise and nutrition as essential components of a lifestyle intervention strategy. Even at the screening phase, assessing a combined physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, nutritional intake alongside diabetes and associated cardiometabolic risk factors, is likely to encourage healthy behavior change in high-risk individuals.10,11 Therefore, adopting multi-component prevention strategy, both at baseline assessment and throughout
the intervention not only augments their benefits but prevents potential hazards.
The scientific knowledge about the behavioral, lifestyle and biological components is continuously evolving, which enables better targeting of several modifiable disease risk factors for diabetes and associated diseases. This also requires integrating exercise science, nutrition and behavior approaches to personalize future lifestyle interventions.
Obes Res Open J.2019; 6(1): e5-e6. doi: 10.17140/OROJ-6-e015


In just a few months, COVID-19 has spread around the world, causing a number of health, economic and social consequences. A little more than two months have passed from its outbreak in China to the first patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Authorities and the health community in the world, but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina, have faced the COVID-19 pandemic by introducing a series of more or less restrictive preventive measures aimed at preventing the spread of the pandemic.
The authors of the paper published in BJBMS, Arapovic and Skocibusic, conducted a retrospective study of the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mostar, a regional center in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 380 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar were analyzed. Among the 380 patients, 15.8% were treated in the hospital while the other patients were treated by the family physicians. The results of their study showed that a total of 19 patients died, and therefore, the mortality was 5%. Furthermore, mortality was the highest in the patients over 65 years of age. More men than women were admitted to hospital, and the vast majority had pneumonia. One-third of patients who had respiratory support survived.
It should be noted that the abovementioned restrictive anti-epidemic measures were introduced 10 days after the first case appeared. At that time, there were only 18 registered COVID-19 patients in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Therefore, the authors look back at the restrictive preventive measures taken such as the introduction of curfew, restriction of movement, closure of schools, colleges, public facilities and the abolition of social activities and compare the effects of these measures with the effects of health systems in the neighboring countries and the rest of the world. They concluded that in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as neighboring countries such as Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia, fewer COVID-19 patients per million inhabitants died during the analyzed period, as compared with that in richer countries such as the United States of America, France, Spain or Italy.
Arapović J, Skočibušić S. The first two months of COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Single-center experience. Bosn J of Basic Med Sci. 2020
Editor: Edna Skopljak
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Municipal fruit trees where everyone can harvest blueberries, blackberries and apples for free. The idea is being developed in Copenhagen, where the local administration aims to plant fruit trees and bushes that provide edible berries throughout the city. The purpose of the project is twofold: on the one hand supporting proper nutrition, providing healthy, fresh and free snacks to the community, on the other expanding the green spaces where to find contact with nature.
The local species, which grow spontaneously in the country’s natural reserves, such as Amager Nature Park and which do not require constant care, will be privileged: elderberry (of which use berries and flowers), blackberries, blueberries, juniper, apples of rare varieties, plums and mushrooms. The shrubs will be planted in public areas such as parks and playgrounds and will be useful to strengthen the relationship with the land and stimulate knowledge of the food production processes of those who live in the city.
Among the promoters of the initiative is Astrid Aller, a Socialist party advisor who explains: “Many citizens do not have their own garden, and can hardly teach their children how with nature you can live together to benefit and improve your own supply. Furthermore, we want the city to be a place to live, not a hostile space in which to move around to find a parking space. With public spaces where you can feel good, like at home; which offer opportunities and advantages for all, giving meaning to the idea of collective good “.
An app called Vild Mad, literally “wild food”, has been developed to present Danish nature to visitors but also to citizens who do not yet know it well. The app instructs people on the varieties of fruits, berries and herbs present and can be used as a real guide where you can also find tasty recipes to be made using the wild ingredients collected.
The idea of putting the “edible” plant heritage of a city into a system is not new, even if for the first time an administration moves programmatically to rationalize the care of public greenery in this sense. Similar projects were born in Italy too, including the Urban Fruit project of the Roman association Linaria, which for years has been committed to mapping the numerous fruit trees present in the public territory of the capital. In this case, the initiative was born with objectives of social solidarity, with the idea, however, of educating on conscious consumption and the value of healthy eating.


Clarks Bay I
188 Acres Protected
Donated in December 2004, this conservation easement preserves large wetlands which filter and purify water flowing into Lake Winneconne and consequently the drinking water of Oshkosh and the Fox Cities.
This large area of marshland and adjacent upland fields and forests is home to many varieties of plants and animals, especially bald eagles, sandhill cranes, and numerous species of ducks.
Thousands of chorus frogs can be heard during the spring mating season thanks to the landowners returning agricultural lands back to wetlands through the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The landowners are also removing invasive buckthorn and phragmites and planting native species to enrich and restore the habitat.
Clarks Bay II
135 Acres Protected
Very close to Lake Poygan, Lake Winneconne, and Clarks Bay I, this conservation easement protects primary wetlands affecting the water quality of Lake Winnabago and the Fox River which provide drinking water for the Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, and Appleton municipal water systems and over 165,000 people.
This large area of wetlands and uplands is home to many varieties of plants and animals. This includes: black ash, bitternut hickory, swamp white oak, black cherry, basswood, bald eagle, wood duck, and sandhill crane.
31 Acres Protected
This property was purchased by the current landowners in order to protect the wetlands that encompass 75% of this conservancy. This high quality wetland provides important habitat for panfish, largemouth bass, and northern pike as well as filtering runoff from adjacent uplands.
The Zimmerman Marsh Conservancy offers an excellent opportunity for the preservation of a native Wisconsin ecosystem, a lake nurturing wetland/shoreland breeding ground and an accessible location for study, observation and general viewing of this ecosystem and its animal and vegetative inhabitants.
This conservancy also provides excellent habitat for migrating waterfowl, and nesting sites for birds such as the sandhill crane and mallard duck. T


To kill two "flies" with one "blow"
Today's idiom comes from "Želva" or "Tortoise", a very popular song by the 1960s Czech answer to the Beatles - the band Olympic. The phrase we'll learn today is the Czech equivalent for "to kill two birds with one stone" or "zabít dvě mouchy jednou ranou"...
You've probably noticed that I say "zabít" while the singer says "zabil" which is the past tense first person singular of "to kill". In fact, the first person singular is actually "zabil jsem" with the auxiliary verb "jsem" meaning "I am". So, if you're a man and want to say I killed two birds with one stone, it would be "zabil jsem dvě mouchy jednou ranou". But, to make it a little more complicated, if you're a woman, then you would have to say "zabila jsem dvě mouchy jednou ranou". And finally, to complicate it a little more, you should know that "zabil" is also the second and third person singular - as in "you killed" which would be "zabil jsi/ zabila jsi" or "he/ she killed", which is "zabil/ zabila".
And that's the end of this edition of SoundCzech. Join us again next week when we'll be back with another new phrase. Until then, review today's phrase on our website - www.radio.cz/english, where this edition and all other editions of SoundCzech are available in text and "zabijte dvě mouchy jednou ranou", kill two "flies" with one "blow" by hearing a popular Czech song as well as learning a new phrase.


Railway Safety Workshop
Establishing railway safety is about processes and rules. This training programme aims to help participants understand the process of achieving and maintaining safety from the perspective of suppliers as well as operators.
One of the best-known high-level processes is the so-called V-Cycle, as can be seen in the figure below which can be found in several forms all over the world like the IEC 60126 – 60129.
The training will give an overview of the nine major phases of the V-Cycle and the role of LTA within the phases. The processes of verification and validation will be explained from a theoretical and practical point of view.
The training will then concentrate and specialise on the phases that are important for LTA representatives. Major contributions of an operator usually are within Phase 1 to 4, which comprises for example hazard and risk analysis. Case studies will deepen the understanding of it. In the later phases, the operator is more deeply involved in phase 8 and 9. Yet there are important and small roles for an operator within phases 5 to 7.
Some of the underlying Hard-and Software design principles and a basic understanding of processes along the V-model will be discussed.
Over the course of 2 days, the training will comprise the process of Common Safety Methods, an easy to learn method for assessing all kind of changes that could be safety relevant. Case studies will deepen the understanding of these methods.


The French Enlightenment represents a unique episode in the history of post-classical philosophy: a moment poised between the decline of the medieval university and the rise of philosophy as an academic profession, when philosophical knowledge was produced largely outside of specialized and learned communities. Throughout this period, savants began to seek out audiences beyond the scholarly correspondence networks and societies established in the previous century, tailoring their publications for a general reading public and working to establish themselves within the glittering aristocratic world of the Parisian salons. This book project examined how these developments transformed the practice of philosophy as a scholarly enterprise.
Jeffrey Schwegman explored this general theme through a case study, focusing on the career of the Parisian metaphysician and pedagogue Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1714–80). Like so many of his contemporaries, Condillac sought to bring the fruits of his learning to salon sophisticates and the general public, but he also continued to adhere to an older model of philosophy as a technical, scholarly enterprise, demanding a certain amount of expertise. These two ambitions proved difficult to reconcile, and Condillac’s publications sometimes provoked harsh criticism from his contemporaries. Throughout his life, therefore, Condillac struggled to adapt to the demands placed upon him by his audiences, while simultaneously seeking to devise ways of training them to become more learned readers of philosophy.
Studying these interactions between Condillac and his readers allowed Jeffrey Schwegman to explore two broader issues. On the one hand, he analyzed how the experience of writing philosophy outside of learned communities transformed the cultural identity of the philosopher during this period. In particular, Schwegman looked at shifting assumptions about the proper scope of philosophy and the nature and value of philosophical expertise. At the same time, he also examined how these developments shaped eighteenth-century philosophical practices: that is, the scholarly activities central to the philosopher’s craft. In particular, he focused on techniques for reading and evaluating texts, acquiring knowledge, cultivating audiences, crafting written expositions, and teaching concepts and skills to others. Historians of philosophy have rarely paid much attention to these kinds of practices, but they also have a history, and can shape the production of philosophical knowledge in profound ways. By focusing on collective identities and practices, rather than on the ideas of individuals, the project offered a new kind of cultural approach to the history of Enlightenment philosophy: one modeled on perspectives drawn from the history of science.


Crowdsourcing Cybersecurity: Cyber Attack Detection using Social Media
Rupinder Paul Khandpur, Taoran Ji, Naren Ramakrishnan
Social media is often viewed as a sensor into various societal events such as disease outbreaks, protests, and elections. We describe the use of social media as a crowdsourced sensor to gain insight into ongoing cyber-attacks. Our approach detects a broad range of cyber-attacks (e.g., distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, data breaches, and account hijacking) in a weakly supervised manner using just a small set of seed event triggers and requires no training or labeled samples. A new query expansion strategy based on convolution kernels and dependency parses helps model semantic structure and aids in identifying key event characteristics. Through a large-scale analysis over Twitter, we demonstrate that our approach consistently identifies and encodes events, outperforming existing methods.
Rupinder Paul Khandpur, Taoran Ji, Steve T. K. Jan, Gang Wang, Chang-Tien Lu, Naren Ramakrishnan: Crowdsourcing Cybersecurity: Cyber Attack Detection using Social Media. CIKM 2017: 1049-1057
Professor of Computer Science
- Date of publication:
- November 6, 2017
- Page number(s):


Summer is a fun time for all, but the heat can be lethal to our pets. We really hope that knowing how to avoid heatstroke and being more aware of the risk factors and warning signs will help prevent unnecessary deaths.
The most important thing to realise is that dogs and cats DO NOT sweat like humans do. They release heat through their tongues primarily, and to a lesser extent their foot pads and nose. This is much less effective than sweating – so even if you are comfortable, your dog may be too hot. This means that when you leave an animal in an enclosed space such as a car, even if the vehicle is in the shade and even if the outside temperature is cool, the temperature and humidity build up very quickly once panting begins. The animal will struggle to get rid of the excess heat quickly enough and its body temperature will start to rise above the normal 39 degrees celsius, often in a matter of minutes.
Big dogs (St Bernard), dogs with flat faces (Boxer, Pug), overweight, older, dehydrated or anxious pets are all more likely to develop heat stroke. Remember that even relatively cool areas can be dangerous if the animal is unable to access cold water.
Heat stroke can be life-threatening. Breathing will become rapid, frantic and noisy. The tongue and mucous membranes will become bright red, the saliva thick, and vomiting may occur. Animals with heat stroke tend to walk very slowly, with a panicked expression, and be unaware of their environment. Once the body temperature exceeds 41-42 degrees celsius, damage can occur to the kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, heart and brain. If left unchecked, your pet will become progressively weaker, go into a coma and may die.
To help, you can hose down your dog with cool water (not cold). Let the water run continuously in the groin area as there are large numbers of blood vessels there which will allow for more rapid cooling of the blood. Do not cover your pet with a wet towel as this will limit the evaporation. Your vet will perform a thorough check and start any necessary treatment when you arrive at the vet clinic.
The most important message is this – heat stroke is usually avoidable:
If you suspect heat stroke, please ring to let us know you are coming, so that treatment can be started more quickly, which will give a better chance of a successful outcome.


While extremely rare, research compiled in a 2019 review published in Transplantation Direct confirmed that infectious disease transfer between organ donors and recipients is possible.
Within the medical community, special areas of interest for transplant researchers over the years have included transmission rates of viruses such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. But what about the COVID-19 virus?
As the world continues to learn more about the nature of COVID-19, scientists are now exploring whether or not the transfer of Coronavirus infection through organ donation should be of concern to recipients and healthcare workers.
In preliminary research conducted by the medical team at Duke University, researchers examined a group of transplant procedures involving donations of six abdominal organs.
Two livers and two kidney/pancreas pairs were given to four unvaccinated recipients from four deceased donors with confirmed cases of COVID-19 who had been tested for the virus via the nose and throat and/or the lungs during their terminal illness.
Organ type, symptom severity, the risk for blood clots, and transplant urgency were all factored in by researchers when evaluating donors, organ viability, and patient risk (via HealthDay).
What the study findings reveal about COVID-19 positive donors
In a follow-up period conducted over 46 days post-procedure, no instances of COVID-19 infection occurred within any of the organ recipients or the healthcare workers involved in their treatment, according to EurekAlert!.
Co-author of the study Dr. Emily Eichenberger explains the significance of their study findings, saying, “While limited, our experience to date supports the use of abdominal organs from COVID-19-positive donors as safe and effective, even those actively infected, or with lung disease caused by COVID-19” (via EurekAlert!). The team’s research will be presented in late April to the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
According to the Health Resources & Services Administration, 106,235 men, women, and children are currently awaiting an organ transplant, with a new person added to the national waiting list every 9 minutes.
While more research is still needed across countries worldwide, this initial study shows promise that organs from COVID-19-positive donors need not be counted out during the pandemic — a time when transplant organs are already in short supply (per HealthDay).


by The American Geosciences Institute Sunday, August 30, 2015
This cave, along with three others, was carved in the sixth and seventh centuries into fine-grained, horizontally stratified red sandstone dating to the latter Proterozoic, when it was deposited in an intracratonic basin.
All of the caves, which feature ornate carvings and a distinctive architecture, including verandas, halls and sancta — all lined with large, intricate pillars — are dedicated to either of two gods or to a spiritual leader.
Today, the caves and other nearby temples comprise a tourist site in a southwestern state of the world’s second-most-populous country. But from the sixth through the eighth centuries, the area was the ruling seat of a dynasty that controlled most of what is now the southern portion of the modern country.
Scroll down for the answer
Answer: Carved during the sixth and seventh centuries into the dramatic red sandstones of Karnataka, India, three of the four main caves of the Badami Cave Temple complex are devoted to Hindu deities, while the last celebrates leaders of Jainism. Badami long served as the seat of power of the Chalukya Dynasty, which ruled much of India from the sixth through the 12th centuries. Photos are by Pramod Hanamgond.
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Shape and silhouette constantly evolved. More radical styles like the hobble skirt and the lampshade skirt each enjoyed their moment in the sun. The Edwardians became more playful and innovative, taking an interest in asymmetrical draping techniques. Considerably less boning was used in bodices and boning was now solely for supporting the shape as opposed to changing it. Suits were fashionable for daywear and walking was eased due to a really big fashion happening – the skirt hem rose to the ankle!
The First World War provoked yet another fashion – skirts that rose to well above the ankle. Bodices tended to lean towards the higher waist and skirts were full and tiered. Other popular fancies were bat-wing sleeves, over-drapes and flying panel skirts.
Wool and linen walking suits were appreciated for their practicality. Asymmetrical designs were featured in bodices and skirts and preferred fabrics were satin, taffeta, chiffon and lightweight silks, with washable cottons to ease hot summers. Early Art Deco inspired prints were seen in the post war years. The automobile achieved status, so driving clothes were developed to protect against dust, including the aptly named duster, a long, lightweight coat. Hats were veiled to keep the complexion smudge free.
Written by The Vintage Fashion Guild
Next 1920 to 1930
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What Is Depression?
All people have times in their lives when they are not happy. People have different names for this feeling, such as “bummed” or “feeling down” — or just unhappy. You are going to have good days and bad days, and that’s okay because you can usually learn how to deal with these troubles once you understand the problem. Usually these kinds of feelings only last for a few days, and then they usually go away.
But sometimes people continue to feel unhappy — or lose interest or pleasure in their normal activities — even after whatever caused them to become unhappy in the first place is done or gone. If these feelings last for two weeks or longer, and there are additional symptoms such as problems with sleeping, eating, energy, concentration, or self-image, these can be signs of a disorder called depression. Depression is a treatable medical condition. People with depression simply can’t feel happy, and this feeling gets in the way of normal activities such as school, extracurricular activities, relationships with friends or family members, and just generally feeling good.
Sometimes people even resort to drug use in an attempt to make themselves temporarily feel better; but this is a bad move, because drug use can actually worsen depression and lead to other mental health problems like anxiety and suicidal thoughts.
Symptoms of Depression
- Ongoing sad, anxious, or empty feelings
- Feelings of hopelessness
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
- Feeling irritable or restless
- Loss of interest in activities or hobbies that were once enjoyable, including being close to others
- Feeling tired all the time
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, or difficulty making decisions
- Not able to go to sleep or stay asleep (insomnia); may wake in the middle of the night, or sleep all the time
- Overeating or loss of appetite
- Thoughts of suicide or making suicide attempts
- Ongoing aches and pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not go away


PATRIOTS: In 1788, Ohio law required ALL men aged 16-50 to bear arms
(Originally posted by the Cincinnati Enquirer and on this website July 25, 2003)
Soldiers fined 50 cents for lack of weaponry
On July 25, 1788, the first Ohio law to establish and regulate a militia was published in Marietta. It mandated all men between 16 and 50 perform military duty. They were required to arm themselves with a musket and bayonet, a cartridge box, powder horn, one pound of powder and four pounds of lead. They also were ordered to drill every Sunday.
By November, fines were implemented for those who failed to meet the requirements. For example, a soldier with no musket and bayonet had to pay 50 cents. Those who failed to show up for drill were fined 25 cents. Refusing guard duty cost them $1. And failure to serve in case of invasion meant a court-martial.
In 1791, the law changed the day of the weekly drills to Saturday. Those who drilled didn't have to go to church on Sunday. But those who attended church services - with their guns - were exempt from drill.
Commentary by Chad D. Baus:
How far we have sunk in Ohio, from a day when all men were not only allowed, but required by law to own firearms. Back then, Ohio law recognized that an armed society was a safer society.
Notice that churches were not legislated as victim zones, but rather that the law gave citizens incentive not only to attend church, but to do so while armed.
In the years that followed, historical record proves many of Ohio's gun control laws were passed with incredibly racist overtones.
The same type of bigotry exists today among those who continue the fight to disarm law-abiding citizens who want to protect themselves, their children, their spouses, their property, and their homeland.
April 8, 2004 was far from a day of independence. But it was a step in the right direction.
- 3929 reads


Start looking for Comet Lulin around 9 P.M., which gives it a chance to rise above some of the thickest air. Looking at an astronomical object near the horizon introduces atmospheric distortion, which produces a defocused image, so let it rise a bit higher. To make finding the comet easy, use binoculars. If your observing site is really dark, try to see it with your naked eyes after you’ve ascertained its position through binoculars.
Last night, Comet Lulin was slightly below and to the right of Saturn. Because the comet is moving quickly, tonight it lies to Saturn’s upper right. The easiest night to spot Comet Lulin will be February 27, when it will lie slightly less than 1° (only 2 Full Moon-widths) west-southwest of Regulus, Leo’s brightest star.
To find Comet Lulin’s exact location before you head outside, use StarDome, Astronomy.com’s interactive star chart. For instructions, see my fellow Senior Editor Richard Talcott’s blog about observing Comet Lulin in your night sky.
And if you manage to grab an image of Comet Lulin, be sure to share it with us by submitting it to our Online Reader Gallery.
Related blog and video: John Chumack captures Lulin


To increase profits, some farmers change what they grow. But some farmers in the American Midwest are changing where they grow.
The Midwest is the traditional center of American agriculture. Yet some farmers from Iowa have recently made news by moving to Brazil. And not only from Iowa, it seems. Why such a big move?
In Brazil, undeveloped land can cost US$ 240 a hectare, or less. That is a little more than one-tenth the cost of land in the Midwest.
Some of the farmers see low-cost land in Brazil as a way to expand their operations. And it may serve other purposes. It may help keep farming in the family, by letting other family members have their own farm.
Crops like soybeans and cotton grow well in Brazil’s climate. The South American country has grown into a major agricultural exporter. It is the second largest exporter of soybeans after the United States.
In the last five years, millions of hectares have been newly planted in Brazil. Growth has been especially high in central states with grassland known as cerrado [pronounced ser-HAH-due]. It usually gets rain in summer and is dry in winter.
A company based in Iowa called Brazil Iowa Farms helps American investors and farmers invest in Brazil. David Kruse is the company president. He says it makes sense to invest in Brazil, and to do it with money borrowed in the United States. He says farming in Brazil is more profitable than in the Midwest, but borrowing costs in Brazil are high.
John Zulk is chief financial officer of Brazil Iowa Farms. Mister Zulk says that his company has 300 investors. But he says he knows of only about 10 or 12 American families that have moved to Brazil to start farms.
Farming in undeveloped areas is not easy. Many areas lack roads and railways to transport crops. Plus, laws and customs are different in Brazil. And the Portuguese language can be a barrier.
American farmers must also consider other issues. Changes in the exchange rate of the Brazilian real can shrink profits. Also, while Brazil is open to foreign investors, in most cases they must have a local partner. And farmers will not have the government protections or price supports they might have in the United States.


Edward the Elder – Alfred’s forgotten son
Edward was old enough to remember the night when his father, Alfred, had had to flee for his life, taking his family to the marshy refuge of Athelney. He had had to wait, a child, for word as to whether his father had prevailed at the Battle of Edington or whether he would have to run again. He had been raised to fight the Viking invaders, taking his place as his father’s chief lieutenant when still a teenager, and proving worthy of that trust.
Such an upbringing inculcated a savage certainty of purpose. Through no fault or oversight of his would Edward give advantage to those pagans who would ravage his realm. To that end, he approached his marriages as the business of a king, making and breaking queens – three of them in the end – to serve his political purposes.
But there was one woman Edward did not put aside, for she had his full confidence as the other hand of the strategy he had inherited from his father: Æthelflæd, Edward’s sister, reigned as lord of Mercia, first securing her kingdom and then joining Edward in his assault on the Danelaw. Edward’s trust, however, did not extend to Æthelflæd’s daughter. When his sister died, some in Mercia would have installed Ælfwynn as a new ‘Lady of the Mercians’ but Edward removed her to a convent and brought the kingdom under his rule, the first king of a combined Wessex and Mercia.


Install and enable security software
What is security software?
Security software protects against malicious software such as viruses, spam and malware.
- A virus is a self-replicating program that runs and spreads by modifying other programs or files.
- Spam is the abuse of electronic messaging systems. It is electronic junk mail.
- Malware is a program that is inserted into the operating system of a mobile device, to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the data, application, or operating system of the device. This is usually done covertly without the user’s awareness.
Why should you install security software?
If you install and keep security software up to date, you will increase the security of your mobile device and protect it from malicious programs. There are different types of security software available for mobile devices including anti-virus, anti-theft, anti-malware and firewall software etc.
Malicious software is frequently brought into a mobile device or an organization’s IT system through email attachments and programs downloaded from the Internet. The mobile device user may not even know it happened. To protect your mobile device, be selective and do not open email attachments or download programs from senders or sources you do not know or trust.
How can you install or enable security software?
Some mobile devices come with security software installed, but you may need to enable the software. If security software does not come installed on your mobile device, you may need to download it. Research the software before downloading to verify it is from a trusted source.
Limit access to your device utilities and settings to authorized or authenticated user(s). There may be settings or restrictions on your device to ensure that administrative actions like downloading software are limited to the device owner/administrator. Enabling authorization or authentication (password) requirements will minimize the risk of unauthorized changes to your device.


Frontline Food Quality
Evaluating the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy for in situ analysis
Lauren Robertson | | Quick Read
Establishing the optimum harvest time, classifying product quality, and evaluating safety – all key parameters in the food industry. Efficient analytical tools and control systems are vital to ensuring food integrity, but traditional methods are often slow and costly.
In a recent paper, researchers at the University of Córdoba, Spain, evaluated whether near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used to determine the nitrate content of spinach plants in the field – and along the supply chain. “Our results confirmed that using this spectrophotometer offers an instantaneous, non-destructive, and cost effective approach to quality and safety analysis of large numbers of samples throughout the supply chain,” says Dolores Pérez Marín, co-author of the paper. “Such technology could transform the role of quality assurance from one of just strictly conformance, to one that addresses a wide range of business critical concerns. Moreover, it introduces the concept of an unequivocal digital fingerprint of the product.”
Though the paper focuses on its use in vegetable analysis, the authors suggest it could be applied to other products and applications.
- I Torres et al., Postharvest Bio & Tech, 168 (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111273


Despite decades of research of vitamin B12 deficiency and its wide-ranging effects, much is still unknown about this life-altering condition amongst health professionals due to a lack of knowledge, and therefore lack of screening in sypmtomatic or at risk groups. This means that B12 deficiency although common, it is commonly misdiagnosed.
Just imagine the cost of this worldwide…
Why is B12 deficiency misdiagnosed?
Many health care professionals do not consider testing males, young women or children for B12 deficiency as they assume elderly females are the only at risk group. However the elderly can be misdiagnosed due to the incidence of pre existing conditions which their B12 deficiency symptoms may be incorrectly attributed to.
There is also a gross misconception that macrocytic anaemia (enlarged red blood cells) must always be present when in fact, psychiatric changes often come first.
Testing for B12 deficiency is often limited to the serum B12 test which has its limitations. This then misses many severely deficient people. In addition the reference ranges for the serum B12 test is often set far too low.
B12 deficiency can be misdiagnosed as…
- Multiple sclerosis
- Postnatal depression
- Bipolar disorder
- Neuropathy (diabetic, CIDP)
- Congestive heart failure
- Radiculopathy, chronic pain disorder
- CFS – Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- ME – Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
- Parkinson’s disease
- FND (Functional neurological disorder)


Your weight isn’t the best indicator of the health of your body. Your body composition - the amount of fat versus lean mass you carry - reveals more about your health than the scale alone can indicate. At South Sound Preventive Medicine, located in Olympia, Washington and serving patients throughout Southwest Washington, we monitor your body composition to make sure that you aren’t just losing weight, you are losing the right kind of weight.
BMI, or body mass index, uses the ratio of your weight to your height to determine whether you’re “normal, “overweight,” or “obese.” This measure is much too general and incomplete; it often gives entirely wrong indicators in evaluations as to whether you’re at a healthy weight.
A muscular person may weigh more and register an “obese” body mass index, even though their weight is due to healthy lean tissue. And, some people at a “normal” BMI carry too much body fat and are at risk for disease.
Having a healthy ratio of body fat to lean body mass supports good health. Too much body fat – particularly visceral (“belly”) fat, increases your risk of disease, including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer, among many others.
At South Sound Preventive Medicine, we use a technology called bioimpedance, which analyzes your body fat percentage and the weights of your fat and fat-free mass. The process uses electrodes to pass a gentle current through your tissues. The current moves slowly through fat tissue and relatively quickly through lean tissue. The machine then takes the measurement of the current’s movement to determine your body fat percentage. The scan takes 60 seconds and is not much different than using a traditional scale.
Men who have a body fat percentage more than 25% and women more than 30% usually benefit from weight-loss intervention. These levels indicate that you’re carrying too much fat and are at risk of chronic disease as a result.


Trapping takes an enormous toll on riparian ecology by especially targeting beaver. This means less water and less riparian habitat for all species (humans, songbirds, ungulates, fish, etc.)
Trapping causes excessive suffering.
Trapping is not Fair Chase.
Traps kill endangered species – wolverine, lynx, fisher, etc.
Traps are baited and thus attract pets and other non-target wildlife.
Trapping costs us millions in lost revenue due to its indirect impact on water resources (esp. in an arid state like Montana), tourism (less furbearers means less wildlife watching) and wildlife (historically, trapping was the primary culprit in sending many of our species onto the Endangered Species list, necessitating recovery, for which we’ve been paying millions ever since).
Traps are a hazard. Trapping is poorly regulated. Traps are concealed, baited and no warning signs are required. Traps can be set year-round and almost anywhere on our public lands.
With rare exceptions, trapping is no longer done for to make a living. Recreation is wonderful so long as it is responsible and is not predicated upon wanton suffering. That’s why we no longer have gladiators, frown upon dog fighting, etc.
Trapping uses a public resource for personal gain without contributing significantly to the public interest, unlike hunting and fishing. The state income from trapping is negligible. The costs far outweigh benefits.
Trapping is NOT an effective management tool, as it causes more problems than it resolves. Trapping on public lands should be relegated to public safety and scientific research and only when done by public employees for the public interest. About 60% of Montana land is privately owned. That should satisfy trappers.
"Trapper numbers tend to sway with the price of fur — as the price for fur rises, so do [sic.] the number of trappers." - Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (accessed 11/2019)


No West Virginia parent thinks complications might happen during labor and childbirth. Unfortunately, they could happen and cause babies to suffer birth injuries. These are the most common complications.
One of the most common labor complications is preterm labor, which occurs before the 37th week of pregnancy. Sadly, this problem affects many pregnancies. The earlier labor begins, the higher the risks to baby and mom. Babies can suffer from developmental disabilities and physical problems depending on when labor starts.
Labor not progressing
Having contractions should lead to labor progressing naturally. Sometimes, progression doesn’t happen for certain reasons. It could be due to the cervix not dilating, the baby’s head being too large or contractions being too weak and infrequent.
Placenta problems are another type of labor complication. A common condition, placenta previa, occurs when the placenta covers part or all of the cervix. Women need immediate attention when in labor when they have this condition and require a C-section or they could hemorrhage. This could put the mother and baby at serious risk.
Preeclampsia is a type of high blood pressure that could affect pregnant women. The condition is more common in moms 35 and over. It could lead to many problems if the woman isn’t diagnosed and treated accordingly. Many babies have to be delivered through C-section due to the risks, which include stroke, seizures and more.
Umbilical cord issues
If the umbilical cord wraps around the baby’s neck, it might be an emergency situation. A C-section is necessary if there are any signs of fetal distress. In some cases, the doctor might be able to use assistive means such as forceps to help the delivery along.
Birth injuries can be serious. If your child suffered, you might want to know your options for fighting back.


On the surface, the Kukulkan temple that sits among the ruins of Chichen Itza looks nothing like a Russian nesting doll, but it's essentially the pyramid equivalent, scientists say. They'd known for decades that the 100-foot-tall structure in Mexico's Yucatan state sits on top of a smaller, 65-foot-tall pyramid. Now, a new scan reveals that a third pyramid is beneath the second one, reports the BBC. Hence the Russian nesting doll comparison: "Under the large one we get another and another," says project head Rene Chavez Seguro. The outer pyramid was built between 700 and 1,000 years ago and draws 1 million visitors a year.
This newly discovered pyramid, reaching 33 feet tall, may be up to 1,500 years old and appears to have a staircase and an altar at its peak. It's also slightly out of alignment with the other two pyramids, which "may indicate that there are other buildings hidden at the same level," reports Deutsche Welle. As for why the Mayans built over it, the BBC cites two possibilities: a transfer of leadership or because it was simply in bad shape. CBS News reports the discovery was made using a non-invasive electrical imaging technique called 3D Electrical Tomography, and says no excavation plans have been announced. (This Mexican "mountain" is actually a stack of six pyramids or more.)


Benzene in Water
Source of Benzene: Benzene is a volatile, clear, liquid used as a gasoline octane booster and in the manufacture of consumer products such as paint, insecticides and cosmetics. Benzene can get into drinking water from industrial discharge, gas storage tank leaching and landfills. The most common situation is well water contamination with gasoline from leaking underground storage tanks. Wells are often contaminated with benzene from hazardous wastes.
US EPA national primary drinking water regulations has set a non-enforcable maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) for benzene at zero parts per billion and a legally enforced maximum contaminant level (MCL) at 5 ppb (parts per billion or µg/Liter) or 0.005 mg/Liter. US Federal drinking water surveys reported that approximately 1.3% of all groundwater systems contained benzene at levels above the EPA MCL with the highest concentration level reported being 80 µg/Liter.
Health Effects of Benzene: Benzene is a carcinogen associated with leukemia. Skin exposed to benzene may become red or irritated. Bathing and showering with benzene is not recommended. Since benzene easily releases from water into the air, bathing and showering with benzene-contaminated water may increase exposure through breathing.
How to Remove Benzene: The Best Available Technology (BAT) for removal of benzene in water is activated carbon filtration. A WECO CCMG whole house filter with granular activated carbon will supply every sink and shower with benzene-free water. Unlike when used for chlorine adsorption from city water, when treating for benzene, activated carbon media in the CCMG backwash filter must be replaced when exhausted. Benzene treatment requires longer contact times with carbon ( >10 min). Chat with one of our WQA certified water specialists for more information.
Sources of Information
1. “Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality.” Benzene in Drinking-Water, World Health Organization, 1996, www.who.int.
2. “Common Residential Water Ailments and Remedies.” ANAN Knowledge Base Administration, Water Quality Association, wqa.org.
3. “Ground Water and Drinking Water.” National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, www.epa.gov.


The idea of the United States is to begin an era of religious conflicts and sectarian wars. Because religious wars are the most severe, uncompromising and even the bloodiest, Washington will use the economic factor. For example, programmes to help “favourite” representatives of religious denominations. The plan is humanitarian assistance to countries, but the US can expand these programmes to include military support.
The US controls “disobedient countries” in Latin America by organising coups, bribing corrupt politicians and financing pro-American-leaning opposition groups. The Bolivian Revolution is very similar in character to the Ukrainian “Orange Revolution” and “Euromaidan” and it is clear that the US is behind it as the main creator of colour revolutions.
Conspiracy theory. No evidence is provided to support the claim. This is part of a disinformation narrative about US-led regime change operations against left-wing governments in Latin America. You can see other examples of this narrative in the EUvsdisinfo database, such as the alleged presence of a US marine in the Venezuelan barricades and the promotion of a Ukraine-style 'colour revolution', the training of Venezuelan exiles in Guyana for military operations inside the country, preparations for a military intervention after forcing Brazil to join NATO, deliberate blackouts in South America caused by the US, or the existence of plans for the secession of oil-rich regions in both Venezuela and Mexico. This narrative also falls within the broader pro-Kremlin disinformation efforts attempting to deny the existence of genuine grass-root protests, portraying them as foreign-led efforts and fake colour revolutions. Read the statement from the EU's High Representative/Vice President Federica Mogherini on the situation in Bolivia here.


Science and expertise is the very best factor society might ever ask for. In different circumstances, experiments are incomplete as a result of lack of supplies or time. The largest difference for social sciences is, nevertheless, that social sciences take care of people. Your Structure: Now we come to crucial a part of your elementary science fair display. For different scientists, when validity is compromised in some experiments or science initiatives, it sends a unfavorable signal that they were not serious about their challenge.
Studies and observations are enjoyable, however not for a science truthful experiment. Advances in trendy science are generally used to develop new technology , but also study limits to technological development. Welcome to the science educational answer that doesn’t only present explanatory content material, but a technique to teach science in a manner that engages college students and helps them obtain real understanding of scientific concepts.
Diagrams or models are additionally not thought of to be a great science undertaking as a result of an experiment will not be being performed. Science has introduced sophistication to human life. Russian science has tremendously suffered, however we at the moment are coming back to a reasonably predictable and properly-organized situation," says Artem Oganov, a materials scientist formerly at the State College of New York at Stony Brook who took up a place on the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Know-how in 2015.
It’s OK to let youngsters know that scientists do not know every little thing about how the world works, and that there are some scientific questions that still must be answered. 2: Science has changed the folks and their living, life style, meals habits, sleeping arrangements, earning methods, the way in which of communication between folks and recreational activities.
Once beginning lecturers learn to use these techniques, they will start to uncover the artwork of teaching. With a reputation as a global research chief, with world renowned scientists, state-of-the art amenities and a powerful tradition of industry collaboration, the School of Science is finding options to the problems that matter most. Now that you know just a little more about bread mildew, you should use the ideas beneath that can assist you find potential bread mould science truthful projects.


In the schools, Occupational Therapists work with parents and teachers to support students experiencing delays, disabilities, or health challenges through the provision of therapeutic intervention to promote skill development, compensatory strategies, adaptations to the child’s environment, and/or modifying the task/curriculum. Our Occupational Therapy department delivers both in-school and in-clinic interventions in collaboration with families, educational teams and organizations in providing high quality, evidence-based practice.
Occupational Therapy (OT) supports individuals of all ages develop the necessary skills to live, learn, work and play, promoting independence and quality of life. For a child, this may include the development of daily living skills such as accessing the school curriculum (e.g., handwriting skills, time management, and organization, interacting/playing with peers), engaging in self-care tasks, self-regulation, behavior management and becoming more independent in their day to day activities.
Who needs it?
Children displaying difficulties in any of the below-mentioned areas may benefit from Occupational Therapy.
Fine Motor/Gross Motor difficulties
Decreased strength or range of motion
Visual Motor delays
Visual Perceptual delays
Sensory processing difficulties
Behavioral or attention difficulties
Executive Functioning difficulties
Vocational and Transition Support
Our therapy delivery and approaches include:
Screening and Assessment
Group intervention sessions
Play-based intervention services
Child-led and clinician-directed therapy approaches
Applied Behavior Analysis
Social Skills Programs
Vocational and Transitioning Programs
The LightHouse Arabia is pleased to host events for the SEN teaching community bi- monthly. Our events shine light on relevant topics for educators and help facilitate learning and discussion. All events currently take place on Zoom.
If you are interested in joining our SEN community and future events, please send an email to Anna White at email@example.com.


Understanding Liturgical Time
Have you ever wondered why the date of Easter changes every year or why there are so many different liturgical seasons? When you see time the way that God intended, a brand new portion of the sacramental reality will be revealed — from the way that light hits the Earth on the Autumnal Equinox to the way hours were counted in the time of Christ. In this course, you will learn about time and light, the origins and developments of the major seasons and feasts, and the development of the Liturgy of the Hours which perfectly line up with specific moments in Christ's Passion.
StartClass 1: Time and Light (65:16)
StartClass 2: The Hours of the Day (77:27)
StartClass 3: Historical Evidence for the Date of Easter (56:54)
StartClass 4: Liturgical Year (70:28)
StartClass 5: Monastic Celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours (68:43)
StartFinal Quiz for Certificate of Completion
Dr. Boughton earned her PhD from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Her research articles on topics in the history of theology the history of liturgy, and biblical translation have been published in Westminster Theological Journal, Church History, Journal of Religion, Divinitas: Commentaries of the Pontifical Academy of Theology, Tyndale Bulletin, Irish Theological Quarterly, The Thomist, Antiphon, Gregorianum, Questions liturgiques, and Revue biblique. She has also served as a reviewer for academic publications. Her areas of specialization include biblical studies, intellectual history, and ethics.


Scaling up green steel production
One company is exploring using green hydrogen to power steel production
Spotted: With almost all hydrogen produced today coming from fossil fuels, switching to low-carbon, or green, hydrogen, presents a significant opportunity for reducing emissions. Sweden’s H2 Green Steel company is helping to lead the way. Building a greenfield steel mill in Boden in the north of the country, the company plans to produce both green steel and green hydrogen. The steel production process will emit 95 per cent fewer emissions than current methods.
The electrolyser needed to produce industrial volumes of green hydrogen will be giga-scale and capable of creating enough of the gas to produce five million tonnes of steel annually. The plans are to be operational at that level by 2030. Hydrogen is one of the world’s most abundant chemical elements and has long been recognised for its power-producing capabilities.
The challenges for hydrogen have rested on producing the power source without greenhouse gas emissions and at a competitive enough cost that makes it a viable option for industrial use. H2 Green Steel uses fossil-free electricity to produce the element with water and heat as the primary waste products. As production at the mill scales up, subsequent housing, recreation, and local government development will benefit from the mill waste products in the form of recycled energy and power resources.
Having recently closed a Series B round of funding that raised €260 million, the company will continue its build of the mill and implementation of its hydrogen and steel production processes.
Springwise has spotted other means of producing cleaner hydrogen, including splitting it from water via sunlight and using bacteria to produce it from spent oil and gas wells.
Written By: Keely Khoury
26th October 2022


Table of Contents
Does tetanus cause red lines?
If your tetanus immunizations aren’t up to date, it’s especially important to see a doctor when you suffer a wound. If you notice red streaking around the wound or moving away from the wound, seek medical help quickly. This can be a sign of lymphangitis, an infection that impacts the body’s lymph system.
Why is rust associated with tetanus?
Tetanus is fatal in about 10\% of cases but causes muscle spasms, fever and trouble swallowing in all cases. The reason we associate tetanus with rust is because it’s often found in soil that’s rich in organic material like manure or dead leaves.
How does the body fight tetanus?
Sedatives that slow the function of the nervous system can help control muscle spasms. Vaccination with one of the standard tetanus vaccinations helps your immune system fight the toxins. Antibiotics, given either orally or by injection, may help fight tetanus bacteria. Other drugs.
Does a red line mean infection?
Red streaks on the skin are a characteristic sign of an infection of the skin or subcutaneous tissues, especially when the infection is spreading from its original site. In this case, other symptoms, such as pain, tenderness, swelling, and warmth typically accompany the red streaks.
Is a red streak blood poisoning?
The red streaks or lines are worrisome as they usually indicate a spreading infection that can result in sepsis. Septic shock is a condition in which overwhelming infection causes a dangerous drop in systolic blood pressure (hypotension).
Can you get tetanus from your own poop?
Common Ways Tetanus Gets Into Your Body Tetanus bacteria are more likely to infect certain breaks in the skin. These include: Wounds contaminated with dirt, poop (feces), or spit (saliva) Wounds caused by an object puncturing the skin (puncture wounds), like a nail or needle.
Why does tetanus affect the jaw first?
The tetanus bacteria produce a toxin, which causes severe muscle spasms, leading to “locking” of the jaw, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow. In severe cases, tetanus infections can lead to death by suffocation.


In Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy, positive reinforcement is a key concept and tool for behavior modification. Positive reinforcement involves presenting a desirable consequence or reward after a desired behavior is exhibited, increasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.
Enrolling your child in a performing arts education in Orlando, Florida, can play a significant role in promoting positive reinforcement and reinforcement-based learning in ABA therapy. By using drama, music, dance, and other forms of performance, therapists can provide a fun and engaging way for individuals with special needs to practice new behaviors and receive positive reinforcement. For example, a child who successfully follows a social script during a role-playing activity could receive praise and a tangible reward, such as a sticker, which serves as positive reinforcement for that behavior.
Performance arts can also provide a platform for reinforcing positive behavior strategies in a group setting, promoting social skills and peer interaction. Additionally, the use of performance arts in ABA therapy can be highly motivating for individuals with special needs, as it provides a creative outlet for self-expression and promotes feelings of accomplishment and self-esteem.
Overall, the integration of performance arts can be an effective way to promote positive reinforcement and reinforcement-based learning, making the therapy process more enjoyable and impactful for individuals with special needs, such as autism spectrum disorders.
At CAMEN Academy For The Performing Arts, we provide ABA services in Florida as part of our therapy and education. We are following a project-based curriculum designed to support foundations.
Each child in our care learns through play and other enrichment activities as they work toward behavior goals. We support our children’s natural curiosity about the world and teach them about the world around them through these activities. Contact us to learn more.
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This small cordial glass, commonly used in Europe and elsewhere for brandy, Benedictine, Drambuie, schnapps, and other liqueurs, bears an etched pattern depicting what appears to be a castle on a hill. Underneath, etched in old German lettering, is the name "Begerburg."
Originally built as a remote mountaintop hunting lodge, Begerberg was used by the Dresden, Germany aristocracy, and was destroyed at least twice in battle between Fredrick the Great's Prussian forces and invaders. In the early 1800's, the property was sold to a wealthy Dresden merchant named Beger who recognized the value of the site as a resting place on the long route between the two great cities of Dresden and Prague in today's Czech Republic. In 1858, he converted the old lodge into a restaurant and wine cellar, which until 1872 continued to draw customers from far and wide.
This lone cordial glass, lost with the SS Republic, was likely a souvenir made for the Begerburg restaurant and wine cellar which patrons could then take home as a memory of their visit to this attraction. Perhaps it had been a treasured piece owned by the nameless German sailor, a passenger aboard the ship who apparently drowned while swimming toward a lifeboat.


NANOMUG: protein glycosylated nanoparticles
The patented technology consists of nanoparticles with particular characteristics capable of conveying different types of drugs to a specific site. It is a new strategy to fight infectious diseases and counteract antimicrobial resistance.
Infectious diseases represent a stubborn and major public-health problem all over the world. Worsening this situation is the rise of antimicrobial resistance which hampers the effective prevention and treatment of a wide range of infections. In light of this, we need new strategies to fight pathogens and better ways to efficiently deliver new or existing drugs.
NanoMugs are multifunctional nanoparticles, intrinsically glycosylated and with mucoadhesive properties, able to incorporate drugs. The one-step synthesis method allows to obtain a triple effect in one single product:
1) Persistence at the site of infection by mucoadhesion; as NanoMug are made of a highly glycosilated protein, the main component of mucus, they are naturally mucoadhesive.
2) Bacterial and viral engagement by glycan-mediated binding: we used a highly glycosylated protein. The production method preserves these characteristics and the nanoparticles themselves are equipped with oligosaccharides on their surface.
3) Targeted drug delivery and release; molecules with different molecular weight, charge and chemistry can be efficiently loaded during the one-step synthesis. As drugs are not covalently bound to NanoMug, they can be released over time.
- Drug delivery to counteract bacterial and viral infectious diseases
- Drug repositioning of existing drugs for new therapeutic purposes
- Molecular imaging
- Specific targeting thanks to the presence of oligosaccharides onto the surface of NanoMug
- Drug loading and release
- One-step synthesis of functionalized, drug-loaded, nanoparticles
- Production easy to scale-up
- Moderate cost
Filing date: 22/06/2020
Application number: 102020000014908
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- Politecnico di Milano


Wellington, New Zealand
Current time in Wellington, New Zealand
|Local Clock Offset: -|
|Time zone: Pacific/Auckland|
Standard Time Zone: New Zealand Standard Time (NZST) = UTC+12
Time in New Zealand is divided by law into two standard time zones. The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time (NZST), 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time (CHAST), 12 hours 45 minutes in advance of UTC.
During summer months – from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April – daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour. New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC, and Chatham Daylight Time (CHADT) 13 hours 45 minutes ahead.
New Zealand's associated states – the Cook Islands and Niue – and the dependent territory of Tokelau use several different time zones at their own discretion.
Wellington is the capital city of New Zealand. Auckland is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand.
What time is it in Wellington right now?
On this website, you can find out the current time and date in any country and city in the world. You can also view the time difference between your location and that of another city.
The home page displays the clock with the exact time in your region, as well as a pre-installed list of clocks for major cities. You can modify this list as you wish. For any city in the list, you can open a separate page with a clock by clicking on the title with the name of the city.
You can configure the clock appearance (text color, type, and size), and these settings will be saved; they will be used when you open your web browser next time.


On November 5, 1997, the Kure spilled approximately 4500 gallons of Intermediate Fuel Oil 180 (IFO-180) inside Humboldt Bay. The incident began at approximately 5:00 am at the Louisiana Pacific (LP) Export Dock in Samoa, California. The Kure was tied to the dock and in the process of being repositioned for loading when its starboard hull struck a mooring “dolphin” that punctured the #3 fuel tank. Approximately 150 feet of sorbent boom was deployed on site to contain the spill, but oil escaped the boom and spread with the tide.
The LP Export Dock is located 4.5 miles north of the mouth of Humboldt Bay on the interior side of the North Spit. It is across the Bay from the City of Eureka. Oil was carried into the northern finger of the Humboldt Bay complex with the flooding tide and out towards the Pacific Ocean with the ebbing tide. Trajectory analysis shows that the oil went to the ocean on the first day of the spill. Personnel on the first overflights on November 6 identified black oil product as far as 17.5 miles north of the bay mouth. On subsequent overflights on November 7 and 8, observers detected black oil product offshore and oil sheen at the mouth of the Bay. Wildlife overflights documented oily “mousse” just outside the surf zone as far north as Trinidad Head.