Why ? : To maintain our quality of life as human beings, we have to embrace Earth’s ecosystems.
How ? : By encouraging sustainable behavior through design.
BIOPHILIC DESIGN is a concept used within the building industry to increase occupant connectivity to the natural environment through the use of direct nature, indirect nature, and space and place conditions. Used at both the building and city-scale, it is argued that this idea has health, environmental, and economic benefits for building occupants and urban environments.
BREATHE. Have you ever noticed how you feel when you're outside? Maybe it's a walk on the beach or through the forest. At home you can have extraordinary fun staying in your own garden. Even your humble potted plants can bring you joy! This 'feeling' is what form the building blocks of 'Biophilia'. But it's not just about how we relate to nature; it's about how contact with nature makes us happier, more creative and healthier.
UNITED NATIONS predicts that by 2030, 60% of the world's population will be living in urban environments. Although we have become a more urbanized civilization, it is as if our human instincts need a connection with our natural environment. Understanding that relationship between man and nature becomes a huge problem in the world of interior design and architecture. Designing biophilic spaces is about giving that connection to the outdoors back to the people, by incorporating nature or imitating it into furnitures or the structure of the design of interiors and buildings.
RESEARCH has concluded that 23% of clients booking a hotelroom are willing too pay more for rooms with a view on nature. This is because people naturally feel calm when observing nature. At work in the office space. 10% of employee absensteeism due too lack of connection with nature in architecture. People get creative and inspired when being surrounded by plants "greenery". Employees feel more healthy and energized. Property buyers are willing to pay more, 13% more for real estate with good views on nature. And in education a growth of 22% in concentration, focus and school test-results for children studying in natural environments. Healthcare shows an 8% reducement of long hospital stay for patients in rooms with views on trees, plants, water (elements of nature).


The amount of light available for photosynthesis of plants is called Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) which is from of 400-700 nm in wave length. It is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. PAR is not always constant because of clouds, tree shades, air, dust particles, seasons, latitudes and length of the daylight availability.
Generally plants absorb more blue and red light for efficient photosynthesis. Of the total sunlight, 34 percent that reaches the atmosphere is reflected back into the atmosphere, moreover 10% is held by ozone, water vapours and atmospheric gases and the remaining 56% reaches the earth’s surface. Out of this 56%, only 2 – 10% of the solar energy is used by green plants for photosynthesis while the remaining portion is dissipated as heat. PAR is generally expressed in millimoles / square meter / second by using silicon photo voltic detectors which detect only 400 – 700 nm wavelength of light. PAR values range from 0 to 3000 millimoles /square meter / second.
At night PAR is zero and during midday in the summer, PAR often reaches 2000 – 3000 millimoles /square meter/second.
Types of Carbon
Green carbon – carbon stored in the biosphere (by the process of photosynthesis). Grey carbon – carbon stored in fossil fuel (coal, oil and biogas deposits in the lithosphere). Blue carbon – carbon stored in the atmosphere and oceans. Brown carbon – carbon stored in industrialized forests (wood used in making commercial articles) Black carbon – carbon emitted from gas, diesel engine and coal fired power plants.


Cosimo II de' Medici
The Loggia del Grano sports a magnificent bust of Cosimo II de’ Medici (r. 1609-21), the fourth grand duke of Tuscany.
The moustachioed figure is the work of Chiarissimo Fancelli (1588-1632) and the Latin inscription proclaims Cosimo as EGENORUM PATRI (Father of those in need).
The Loggia del Grano, which functioned as a market for grain and cereals, was commissioned by Cosimo II from Giulio Parigi, and built in 1619.
Cosimo II, who was only nineteen years old when he succeeded to power, did not enjoy the best of health and for much of his eleven-year-reign, he delegated the administration of his realm to his ministers.
The grand duke may have been in poor health, but this did not stop him from fathering eight children during his marriage to Maria Maddalena of Austria (1589-1631). He was only thirty years old when he died of tuberculosis in 1621.
Cosimo II was both the pupil and patron of the great scientist, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). In 1610, Galileo published his Siderius Nuncio (The Starry Messenger), which he dedicated to his erstwhile pupil. Galileo also named the four moons, which he had observed in orbit around the planet Jupiter, the Sidera Medicea (Medicean stars) in honour of the grand duke and his three brothers.


With math scores falling globally, top high school math students point to academic burnout as a key factor. Among their recommended solutions to boost math performance? Tackle the root cause of burnout, get diversion through non-academic activities, and make STEM classes more applicable to everyday life.
That’s the finding of a survey of 16- to 18-year-olds in the U.S. and U.K. conducted in March by Philadelphia-based Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). The survey gathered responses from 1,000 11th and 12th grade students from across the U.S. and sixth form students in England and Wales, as well as some of their teachers, to get their insights on the impact events of the last three years have had on math performance. The students queried are participants in this year’s MathWorks Math Modeling Challenge (M3 Challenge), an annual internet-based, intensive math modeling contest organized by SIAM.
“The poll shows that even top students have been struggling with school-related pressures, with 83 percent saying that they have experienced or somewhat experienced academic burnout in the last two years, and 32 percent saying their anxiety over math has increased,” said Dr. Karen Bliss, Senior Manager of Education and Outreach at SIAM. “Yet, rather than following the downward math performance trend, the majority still did well in math, with 35 percent landing even better math grades than previous years and 55 percent maintaining their average.”
Bliss explained that by exploring the motivation and practices behind the survey participants’ academic success, the SIAM study may help other students boost their math scores.
According to the survey, the majority (57 percent) of students queried said that motivation to get into a good college or university is what helped sustain their interest in math over the last few years. For 35 percent of respondents, getting a scholarship or a good-paying job was a motivating factor.


Put simply retrofit is the renovation of a home to improve its energy efficiency, reduce fuel fuels, improve comfort and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Typically this could include:
- Upgrading the building fabric: adding insulation to the walls, roofs and floors, new windows and doors
- Reducing drafts and improving ventilation: It is important to distinguish between the two of these, drafts lead to unwanted and uncontrolled heat loss, controlled ventilation is necessary to get rid of stale air and provide fresh air.
- Upgrading the heating system to improve efficiency
- And finally adding renewable technologies to generate energy at home, for example solar panels.
A retrofit can be completed in a number of ways, a step by step approach done over a number of years and stages, but with an overall retrofit strategy in place, or a whole house deep retrofit completed all in one go.
There is a lean, mean, green hierarchy of retrofit that we generally, but not always follow. This is to:
- First reduce heat loss by improving the building fabric and reducing drafts
- Then upgrade/install more efficient heating systems
- Finally to add renewable technologies.
Whether you are thinking about a retrofit project and don’t know where to start or need help working out a detailed strategy for your project we can help, click here to get in touch


Operation Revival was a US air transport operation to bring back US and British POWs from war and liberated Austria to France. But to complete the mission, hundreds of B-17s needed to be stripped down to become lighter, thus fitting in more people.
Free But Stranded
Former POWs from the Stalag Luft I were technically free men when the Germans left their post on April 30, 1945. Many decided to stay, but when the Soviet liberators arrived, there were growing worries.
The sheer brutality of the Red Army troops created plenty of tension. Many POWs began to wonder what their fate would turn out with the Soviets.
The Soviets soon began locking the gates. Soviet leaders told the allied POWs that this was just a precaution- until they could find an acceptable way to send them home.
There was also an ideological struggle taking place outside the prison walls. Joseph Stalin also wanted Eastern European countries like Poland to reinstitute themselves under a socialist government. However, countries like the US and Britain were pushing for free democratic elections.
To pressure the west, Stalin purposely slowed down the repatriation process of the Allies.
The Allies soon negotiated an agreement with the Soviets to evacuate the allies via air. But to do that, over 110 large cargo aircraft assigned to the mission (mostly B-17 Flying Fortresses) need to make a long trip from France to Barth without refueling.
All equipment and armament must also be removed to carry as many rescued allies as possible.
Time to Help
The airmen of the 91st bombardment group were eager to return home after the surrender of Germany. However, they were told they must complete one last mission- to fly to Northeastern Germany to rescue POW airmen from Stalag Luft I.
To their commander’s surprise, the airmen were happy to help.
Each B-17 Flying Fortress carried up to 40 liberated men in this mission. After weeks of uncertainty and fear, Operation Revival was a success, carrying 1,500 British and 4,000 American troops home. It was the biggest airborne evacuation of WWII.


Role of subduction-plate boundary forces during the initial stages of Gondwana break-up: evidence from the proto-Pacific margin of Antarctica
In the West Antarctic sector of Gondwana, early stages of break-up are associated with the large Antarctic-Karoo-Tasman basalt province. Formation of this within-plate province was synchronous with active margin tectonics and development of both a proto-Pacific margin magmatic suite along the Antarctic Peninsula and the extensive Tobífera volcanic suite associated with the Rocas Verdes marginal basin system of southern South America and South Georgia. Extension, concurrent with subduction and oceanward migration of the magmatic focus, resulted in a broad extensional province in a back-arc and intra-arc-setting. High geothermal gradients and basalt underplating caused crustal melting on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and formation of bimodal basalt-rhyolite suites. Large-ion lithophile element enriched initial rifting magmas were succeeded, at least in part of the Rocas Verdes basin, by early drift magmas of transitional chemistry and then by entirely asthenospheric MORB magmas representing lithospheric rupture and sea-floor spreading. A plate interaction model is proposed for the initial stages of Gondwana break-up relating the broad zone of mantle melting to a reduction in subduction-plate boundary forces. The change from Gondwanide compression to lithospheric extension in the Jurassic may be linked to a change from shallow to steeply dipping subduction, and to a slowing of subduction rates caused by a change in plate boundary zone parameters. A possible reduction of compressive boundary stresses may have enabled unconfined, overthickened Permo-Triassic crust to extend because of gravitational instability, thus facilitating break-up. We suggest that break-up was not plume-related, but was due to variations in the regional stress field associated with changing plate-boundary forces. The continental crust was placed under tension with substantial lithospheric thinning and decompression melting of an enriched mantle source forming the broad linear zone of within-plate magmatism. The presence of a plume beneath the Karoo province may have thermally weakened the lithosphere and induced local rifting, contributing to, but not causing the eventual separation of East and West Gondwana.


tuskegee syphilis experiment
The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in rural African American men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government.
The Public Health Service, working with the Tuskegee Institute, began the study in 1932.
From 1932-1972, the U.S. Public Health Service told hundreds of low-income black men living in Tuskegee, Alabama that they were getting free health care when they were actually being injected with syphilis. Black Americans grow up hearing about this experiment, and our mistrust is cultivated further when we see teachers and school psychologists disproportionately labeling our children as emotionally disturbed or needing special education services.
9/4/14 6:28 AM
From Tuskegee to “The Monster Study”: 10 of the most evil medical experiments in history slnm.us/pFluieu
army secret chemical testing.. 1950s – st louis neighborhood..?


Sustainability is a key topic of our future generations. At our Environmental Studies Centre, we aim to incorporate sustainability as a natural part of our pupils education, with real life scenarios portrayed by our environmentally focused school.
A Sustainable Approach
Teaching awareness of Global Sustainable Developments and an introduction into the world of Renewable Energies. These are just some of the ways we envisage better preparing children for the future.
The pursuit of Green Technology Teaching and exposure to on-campus renewable energy programs will offer a hands-on learning experience and insight into the energy supply chains of the future.
Environmental Studies Centre
Our Island home will provide the ideal location from which to develop innovative and engaging programmes of study for subjects such as Marine Biology allowing students to understand how humans impact the balance of oceanic systems and how we can work to protect the unique habitats and inhabitants found in the ocean’s expanse.
As a part of this initiative, the school will be home to a dedicated environmental studies centre which will allow students to undertake activities focusing on both local and global areas of interest and concern.
Malvern College Barbados will be committed to developing a programme of education for sustainable development and enhancing clean, green technologies which minimise our carbon footprint whilst working with our exquisite natural environment to deliver a bespoke educational experience which, it is hoped, will foster a life-long commitment to caring for the world around us.
Additionally, programmes of study and co-curricular activities will provide ample opportunity to study land-based ecosystems within an island environment, utilising trips and expeditions to compare these with the wider world.


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Two biofuels produced from single algae
"It's far from a cost-competitive product at %this stage, but it's an interesting new strategy %for making renewable fuel from algae," said O'Neil, the study's lead author. Algae contain fatty acids that can be converted into fatty acid methyl esters, or FAMEs, the molecules in biodiesel.
For their study, O'Neil, Reddy and colleagues targeted a specific algal species called Isochrysis - dismissed by for two reasons: First, because growers have already demonstrated they can produce it in large batches to make fish food. Second, because it is among only a handful of algal species around the globe that produce fats called alkenones.
These compounds are composed of long chains with 37 to 39 carbon atoms, which the researchers believed held potential as a fuel source.
biofuel prospectors because its oil is a dark, sludgy solid at room temperature, rather than a clear liquid that looks like cooking oil. The sludge is a result of the alkenones - precisely what makes the algae a unique source of two distinct fuels. The researchers devised a method to separate the FAMEs and alkenones in order to achieve a free-flowing fuel.
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CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein-9) system, discovered in 2012 by the 2020 Nobel Prize-winning Laureates Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier is a bacterial defensive mechanism that exhibits the cleavage of genomic DNA at the desired location, resulting in the exit of the old genes and the induction of a new set of genes. The accuracy, precision or fidelity of the genetic cut depends on the target and the proto-spacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences. The Cas9 protein recognises the PAM sequence (5'-NGG-3') by selecting the correct location of base-pair bonds within the target sequence on the host genome. Assembling the nucleotide sequence related to PAM and target sequence into a plasmid and then transfecting the plasmid into a cell shows that Cas9 with the help of a crRNA detected the correct sequence within a host cell. This results in a single or double-stranded break at the appropriate location in the DNA, thereby working as a molecular scissor and performing a genetic cut. We choreographed this tool in achieving the information related to the generation of the PAM sequence and the off-target sites associated with the EGFR gene. We have identified the top 4 best gRNA sequences based on the highest SYNTHEGO scores range 0.98 to 0.99. Furthermore, we used CCTop to identify the 4 best targets and guide RNA sequences with the highest efficacy score. Our manuscript is aimed at showcasing the best target sequence utilizing model software like that of SYNTHEGO and CCTop.
Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; gRNA; molecular scissor; EGFR gene; SYNTHEGO and CCTop computational tool.


BLDC motors have significantly better torque to weight ratios, higher efficiency levels and greater reliability than brushed motors, with there being increased use of them in contemporary electronic designs. As BLDCs cannot rely on the direct commutation function that is available to their brushed counterparts, electronic commutation methods are needed to control them. Often this means magnetic sensor devices are employed to measure the current passing through motor’s stator windings, in order to give ongoing status of the rotor’s position. Such arrangements do, however, have disadvantages in terms of cost and space utilisation.
Undertaking this work without the use of sensors, by continuously monitoring the back EMF figures, has several major logistical benefits from an engineer’s perspective. The motor system can thus be more streamlined and less expensive to implement, as well as supporting a longer operational lifespan. Field-oriented control (FOC) is a popular technique via which this can be achieved - allowing the precise position of a BLDCs rotor to be calculated at any time. Though this is very effective when the motor is running at normal rotational rates, it is difficult for FOC algorithms to obtain accurate positioning data at lower rotational rates. Under such circumstances, the FOC setup must be supplemented by the applying of a high-frequency signal. The torque ripple resulting from this will unfortunately lead to acoustic noise and vibrations being present within the motor system.
There are a wide range of different applications where vibration and noise generation of this kind would be a distinct operational disadvantage. These include the compressors used in domestic appliances, climate control systems, conveyor belts, etc.
The Advanced Programmable Motor Driver (A-PMD) technology featured within Toshiba’s M4K MCUs provides a way of solving this problem. A-PMD eliminates the need to apply high-frequency signals to FOC motor control systems when the BLDC is running at lower speeds. This strategy relies instead on symmetrical PWM carriers being assigned to each motor phase.
You can download a detailed Toshiba whitepaper that discusses the advances being made in FOC motor control below:


Along with “Bully!” – “Speak softly and Carry a Big Stick” are words that instantly make us think of Roosevelt. As someone who works daily to portray the great man, I think it’s important to understand where and why he said the “Big Stick” statement. The first documented public speech using the term was while he was Vice President and was uttered at the Minnesota State fair on September 2, 1901, only a few short weeks before the tragic assassination of President William McKinley.
The “Big Stick” ideology refers to the concept that negotiations should be cordial with an understanding that more leverage could be applied. America at the time was not a world powerhouse, but the country had shown that through it’s use of resources and ingenuity, it could accomplish a great deal. Roosevelt believed that these attributes of American spirit gave it potential to be more than a country, it had the abilities to be a world leader.
His role as Vice President at the time was not an influential role, and in fact he was placed in that role because his political opponents knew that a politician placed in the Vice Presidential role was seldom heard from again. Roosevelt was not a good one to warehouse, and his rhetoric soon was filled with the concepts of American influence in world events. Roosevelt believed in a strong military and as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, he had built up the navy with modern ships and weapons. Because there was no simple way to move ships from the east coast to the west to protect our interests, our navy was essentially split, serving each coast. This meant from a numbers standpoint, we had a very large navy compared to other countries. This was in Roosevelt’s mind, a “Big Stick” to influence others to negotiate with us. He believed that a strong Navy meant a strong country, and his perceptions were built on centuries of reality. Now, in the U.S., we had a very large Navy and a Vice President with a proven military track record (Col., Spanish American War Rough Riders) and an ability to influence the American populous as well as international leaders.


What is a Crash Dive?
A crash dive is a maneuver used by a submarine to dive urgently, typically in the event of an emergency. Used primarily in the diesel-electric submarines of World War II, the order to crash dive was given by the captain when contact with enemy surface or air vessels was detected. In a crash dive scenario, the forward ballast tanks are flooded in conjunction with using the diving planes to take the submarine down as quickly as possible. It is critical that all hatches be closed and sealed prior to the submarine becoming submerged in a crash dive.
A method used by German submariners to ensure the utmost speed in submerging during a crash dive is to have all available personnel move as far forward as possible. The weight transfer of having all personnel moving forward aids the submarine in nosing down into the water. This places the diving planes under the water's surface sooner as well, assisting in the expedited crash dive of the vessel. Periodically and in extreme situations, some crew members were occasionally left top side as the submarine went deep. This commonly resulted in death as well as the loss of the crew members' bodies.
The typical crash dive depth of a submarine is 90 meters or about 295 feet. Once the submarine has reached this level, it can then level out and begin to assume a cruising speed. Once submerged, the diesel-electric submarine was required to switch off the diesel engines and use the electric battery motors for power. Using the diesels while submerged will use all available air within the submarine in a matter of minutes. The electric motors are also much quieter than the diesels, which aids the submarine in becoming stealth while attempting to avoiding detection by an enemy.
Modern nuclear submarines remain submerged for most of the duration of the mission, making a crash dive an unneeded exercise; however, all submarine crews practice the crash dive in the event of a collision with another vessel or object while surfacing. Once the order for the dive has been given by the ship's captain, the chief engineer is commonly responsible for the orchestration and completion of the entire maneuver. When making the fast dive, it is critical that the rear ballast tanks be flooded in time to keep the rear of the vessel from coming out of the water. If this happens, the vessel becomes a sitting target while it struggles to once again regain the momentum to complete its dive.
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I`m spending parts of Easter in the second largest town in Denmark, Århus. Århus had her city rights in 1441 but one can trace back the city to the 8th century. Århus, or Aros, as they believe the city was called back then, is celebrating her Viking history my inviting all visitors to their Viking museum. This museum is tiny but it was free and it offered some interesting information.
Long houses and pit houses
In most Viking museums and village reconstructions they`ve rebuilt the typical Viking long houses where 20-30 people lived and slept in one large (long) room. I`ve already visited plenty of those places and have also posted about them here. But the museum in Århus has reconstructed a different kind of house – a pit house. Apparently this was a type of house for the poorer and less well connected people.
The museum was dark so my pictures of the reconstruction weren`t very good but here`s a picture of their drawing of a larger house and a pit house. The museum dated these houses to around year 1000:
The pit houses were situated about one meter below ground level to keep them warm in the winter and, as you can see from the picture, they were really tiny.
So with this small tale of pit houses I`ll let the Vikings of Aros bid you goodnight 🙂
2 thoughts on “Going to Aros (Viking version of Århus)”
I had never heard of ‘pit houses’. That’s an interesting bit if history. Thanks! : )
I`d heard about them but never connected to the Viking age. Always nice to learn new things 🙂


NASA has a new robot and it is getting ready to work.
Astrobee, NASA’s free-flying robot system, is designed especially to give astronauts a helping hand in space. In the International Space Station, this robot had its first hardware checks this month.
Image Source: NASA
This system is a trio of robots named Honey, Queen, and Bumble. These are propelled by electric fans and have the capacity to return to their docking stations to recharge their batteries. Among these three, Bumble and Honey were launched to the space station on 17 April.
Astronaut Anne McClain performed the first series of tests on Astrobee. This included a check of the robot’s cameras, avionics, propulsion, and docking for both power and data transfer. NASA posted a picture of the same online.
Astrobee has been tested for its ability to take care of the spacecraft when astronauts are away from it. NASA explains this as a crucial step for deep-space missions that involve its plan to return to the moon.
Features of Astrobee
Image Source: Popular Mechanics
This ultra-advanced robot has cameras, microphones, and many other sensors that will help operators on the ground to effectively monitor it.
The Astrobee can fly independently, be controlled, and allows astronauts to concentrate on things that are much more important. These robots are modular, meaning that more features can be added to them as and when needed. More tests are to be run on these systems until they get to work. The project commissioning date is slated around October or November and tests will be conducted until then.
The researchers are also planning to conduct more complex experiments on Astrobee such as checking how they can carry payloads. These experiments are expected to begin in 2020.
This cube robot that looks a little like Disney Pixar’s character Wall-E leaves me wondering whether it can do incredible things like it.
However, more on that later!
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Kelp is a valuable component of the marine habitat, which provides important benefits to communities, species, and ecosystems. It is also very important culturally for First Nations. MaPP is implementing a Regional Kelp Monitoring Project to monitor the extent and condition of kelp forests across all four sub-regions.
Please visit Regional Kelp Monitoring on the North Pacific Coast: A Community-Based Monitoring Initiative to Inform Ecosystem-Based Management, a StoryMap to learn more about our work on this key Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) indicator. Components of the StoryMap include the importance of kelp, kelp facts, the kelp monitoring framework including how kelp is monitored, sub-regional highlights, collaborators supporting data collection, lessons learned, and the vision for the future.
Click here to view/download the MaPP Monitoring Methods (2021) document.
A series of training videos about kelp monitoring has been created. The videos cover the following topics:
- 01 Canopy Kelp Introduction
- 02 Canopy Kelp Monitoring Tiers
- 03 Survey Data Guidelines
- 04 Tier 1 Step 1
- 05 Tier 1 Step 2
- 06 Tier 1 Step 3
- 08 Tier 2 Step 2 Bull Kelp
- 09 Tier 2 Step 2 Giant Kelp
- 10 Tier 2 Step 3
- Drone Survey Methods
- Estimating Bryozoan Coverage


Doosan Škoda Power has commissioned a 110MW steam turbine for the concentrated solar power plant (CSP) in the Atacama Desert, Chile.
The plant, owned by CSP developer Cerro Dominador, makes use of the excellent sun radiation combined with high altitude in the Atacama Desert.
The plant provides power to approximately 380,000 households in the Antofagasta Region in Chile.
Michal Sarpong, Area Sales Director at Doosan Škoda Power, said: “We are glad to be part of this successful project…This 110 MW turbine shows that large scale CSP projects are no longer just a vision but a tangible reality. Projects of such sizes and larger are the only way of making this technology commercially competitive and supporting renewable technology to become economically viable.”
The CSP plant combines solar electricity production with thermal storage, which allows electricity to be provided at night. According to Doosan Škoda Power, molten salts are charged by a sun ray receiver during the day and discharged during the night to produce steam for the turbine.
The thermal energy is stored and transferred to electrical energy by the steam turbine when needed.
This project aligns with Chile’s decarbonisation goals and will support the region’s shift away from conventional power sources such as coal and gas-fired plants.


William R. Polk, a Middle East and North Africa expert who began his career on the State Department’s Policy Planning Council during the Kennedy Administration, has written an interesting piece for the Atlantic on Syria before the civil war, and looking out towards a post-Assad future. He includes a section on the 2006/7-2011 drought, and cites the Center for Climate and Security:
Four years of devastating drought beginning in 2006 caused at least 800,000 farmers to lose their entire livelihood and about 200,000 simply abandoned their lands, according to the Center for Climate & Security. In some areas, all agriculture ceased. In others, crop failures reached 75 percent. And generally as much as 85 percent of livestock died of thirst or hunger. Hundreds of thousands of Syria’s farmers gave up, abandoned their farms, and fled to the cities and towns in search of almost non-existent jobs and severely short food supplies. Outside observers including UN experts estimated that between 2 and 3 million of Syria’s 10 million rural inhabitants were reduced to “extreme poverty.”
We would add that the displacement was a result of a combination of factors, including climate change-exacerbated drought, natural resource mismanagement by the Assad regime (primarily of water resources), and demographic dynamics.
The full article is worth a read, as it paints a very comprehensive picture of Syria’s recent past and prospective future.


The size of our primary visual cortex and the amount of brain tissue we have dedicated to processing visual information at certain locations of visual space can predict how well we can see, a team of neuroscientists has discovered. Its study, which appears in the journal Nature Communications, reveals a new link between brain structure and behavior.
“We have found that we can predict how well someone can see based on the unique structure of their primary visual cortex,” explains lead author Marc Himmelberg, a postdoctoral researcher in New York University’s Center for Neural Science and Department of Psychology. “By showing that individual variation in the structure of the human visual brain is linked to variation in visual functioning, we can better understand what underlies differences in how people perceive and interact with their visual environment.”
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the scientists mapped the primary visual cortex (or “V1”) size of more than two dozen humans. The researchers also measured the quantity of V1 tissue these individuals have dedicated to processing visual information from different locations in their field of view—locations to the left, right, above, and below fixation.
Their results showed that differences in V1 surface area could predict measurements of people’s contrast sensitivity.


Do you think you know all you need to know about plaque? Are you sure about the best way to keep it off of your teeth? Do you know what happens if you don’t brush your teeth for a day or two? If you are unsure whether you are fully informed regarding the details of this nemesis of optimal oral health, we suggest you take a stroll through a brief quiz. You may find that there’s a lot left to learn about plaque (a few details of which you may pick up as you test your current knowledge).
Plaque Quiz: True or False?
- True or False: Plaque is a harmless substance that forms over your oral tissues every day. The only reason it is considered “bad” is because it can give your teeth a yellow cast.
- True or False: Tartar is the hardened form of plaque (it’s also called calculus), which can form in as few as 24 hours.
- True or False: Plaque accumulation may eventually lead to an increase in problems like cardiac disease.
- False. Plaque is considered “bad” because it can lead to serious oral health problems. Though you may prevent these issues, if they occur, you will require restorative treatments to address the problem and restore the wellbeing of your smile.
- True. One of the reasons we suggest you brush your teeth two times a day every day is because plaque has the ability to harden into a substance you cannot brush off of your teeth. Tartar may form within just one day.
- True. Your oral-systemic health is the way your oral health affects your general health. If plaque is left to accumulate and leads to periodontal disease, the bacteria can make their way into your bloodstream. They may then negatively affect your general health by inflaming tissues throughout your system.


Initializing a settlement is common in civil cases where an agreement is composed to discontinue the civil litigation from advancing through the court system. This understanding is called a settlement.
When a settlement takes place during civil litigation, the defendant is consenting to some of the allegations made by the plaintiff and is elect not to continue through the process of litigation in court.
In the event a settlement does occur, more often than not, the defendant will be obliged to give the plaintiff with financial retribution as a result of the compromise of the legal liability for an action that has caused the plaintiff to experience a loss.
Why do settlements happen?
There are many reasons why parties might choose to settle their case rather than continue with litigation. Some of these reasons include:
- The elevated cost of a litigation that is prolonged, like lawyer fees and expert testimony.
- The duration of civil litigation.
- The negative impact that litigation can have on the reputation of the parties involved, especially in cases of sexual harassment.
- The process of a discovery, which consists of allowing parties to obtain information from one another, could be embarrassing or infringe on privacy.
- The need for monetary compensation to be made sooner, such as for medical treatment.
- The defendant may wish to settle for a certain amount rather than leaving the chance for the court to determine it.
Settlements often occur even before a lawsuit has been filed, in order to reduce the amount of money spent on fees and services to rectify the problem. If not made before the case is filed, they often occur in the earlier stages of a case. Litigation suits that are more complicated, like class action suits with multiple defendants, will require the approval of the court before the settlement can be allowed to proceed.
What does the civil litigation settlement process consist of?
The process of resolving a civil litigation case through settlement rather than through trial is known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). In ADR, the parties to a lawsuit work together with a neutral third party to come to an agreement that resolves the dispute without the need for a trial. The most common type of ADR is mediation, in which the parties work with a mediator to facilitate communication and negotiate a resolution. Other types of ADR include arbitration and collaboration.


How to Use the Pathfinder in Illustrator
In this article, I’m going to introduce the Pathfinder in Illustrator.
Pathfinder is a feature that allows you to merge or cut out objects made of paths. You can easily create shapes and complex paths that are difficult to draw with the Pen tool.
How to use
This time we will use these sample shapes.
First, show the Pathfinder panel. You can get it by clicking [Window] > [Pathfinder].
There are two types: [Shape Modes] and [Pathfinder].
There are four types of Shape Modes.
It combines several overlapping paths. The color of the foremost object is selected.
It crops multiple overlapping objects by the front object’s shape (Not the foremost one.).
It leaves only the most overlapping area. In this case, the color of the foremost object remains.
Make the area two objects are overlapping transparent. In this case, the object is filled with the foremost object’s color.
In the next section, we will see 6 different types of pathfinders. To move detached objects, use the “Direct Selection Tool” (white arrow) in the tool bar.
*The objects applied the Pathfinder are grouped. In addition, please note that unlike the Shape modes, Compound Shapes are not created.
Separate overlapping paths.
It keeps the foremost object and removes the part of a filled object that is hidden.
To make it easier to understand, I have changed the blue objects to red.
The same color objects will be merged together and the different colors objects will be split. In this case, the red objects were merged and the green objects were split.
It leaves only the part overlapping the foremost object.
All objects are outlined and split.
Cut out the front object in the shape of the object placed on the back.
How was it? The point is to have two or more objects. That’s all for this time.


Earth day is a wonderful time to begin to talk and continue to enforce the building blocks of saving our planet. Help to strengthen your child’s willingness to want to help, be responsible and feel “big”.
Reduce, Reuse & Recycle. Draw pictures with your child and role model using the other side of the paper, show them how to use all parts of the paper with leftover space. Chose the best ones and suggest the rest can go in the blue bin for recycling so they can use it to make more paper for future pictures.
Make your own recycled paper! Families who have older children can even try to make their own recycled paper from old scraps.
Indoors: Read books, magazines, websites and newspapers and learn more about the earth. Conserve energy and save water by letting children find dripping faucets; only running the dishwasher when full; taking short showers; turning the water off while brushing your teeth; turning off electrical items when not in use; doing full loads of laundry only. Recycle cans, bottles and newspapers.
Outdoors: Plant a tree. Plant a garden. Clean up roadside litter. Create a habitat by putting up a birdhouse. Build a compost for food scraps, leaves and lawn clippings. Save rainwater and reuse for outdoor gardens.
At School: Urge teachers and administrators to do activities for Earth Day and every day. Suggest ideas for projects: write poetry; create environmentally-themed music; have an environmental poster contest. Check to see which sources of electricity you can conserve in your school (electric pencil sharpener, lights on in rooms not used, etc.) and keep a chart about how many ways you saved energy.
At Work: Make a company Earth Day resolutions list. Conserve paper and electricity. Close shades in the summer to prevent high heat in offices. Don’t use air conditioning all the time. Recycle cans, bottles and newspapers at the office.
While Traveling: Visit parks and nature centers. Visit a maritime museum. While on a drive, have children count how many things might be polluting the air, land or water, and then research if anything is being done to correct the problem.
What children learn now through repetition, proper role modeling and experience will make the difference in their future, save our planet and give them a bigger sense of pride and accomplishment.


Webinar date: Wednesday, June 23 2021, 11:00 AM
Teachers and administrators know how important high-quality instructional materials are for student learning, but access to the best materials remains an issue for many educators. Time is of the essence, and too often, the criteria for high-quality instructional materials is unclear. To build capacity in Ohio schools to find and use quality materials, INFOhio has partnered with EdReports to provide a free class on how to use their reviews of instructional materials available for districts. In addition, INFOhio synthesized criteria from various sources for high-quality instructional materials in the development of the RemotEDx Rubric, creating a tool that can be used not only for Open Educational Resources, but also when considering supplemental materials. Also learn more about INFOhio's platform, available through the RemotEDx Exchange, to provide EdReports content for Ohio educators. Districts looking for how to find and evaluate instructional materials will benefit from this session.
Use this url to bookmark or link to Session 1: Identify High-Quality Instructional Materials with EdReports and the RemotEDx Rubric: https://www.infohio.org/document-library/item/lwi20210623session1.
Emily Rozmus has worked in education for nearly 30 years, first as a secondary English teacher and district librarian before starting at INFOhio in 2013. Emily has developed district growth plans, integrated technology, created instruction for information literacy, fostered teacher development, and worked on teams to implement curriculum. At INFOhio, she focuses on developing training and outreach to support the use of INFOhio's quality instructional materials in teaching and learning.
To bookmark this item, save this URL:


By the Light of the Silvery Moon
Worshipping the Moon has been practiced since earliest recorded time. It is mentioned in the oldest literatures of Egypt, Africa, Babylonia, India and China, among others. Moon worship is found on the belief that the phases of the Moon and the growth and decline of plant, animal and human life are related. In some societies, food is laid out at night to absorb the rays of the Moon, which are thought to have power to cure disease and prolong life. In some central African tribes it is customary for a mother to bathe her newborn child by the light of the first Full Moon. The Moon is frequently equated with wisdom and justice, as in the worship of the Egyptian god Thoth and the Mesopotamian god Sin. The Moon god Sin is usually depicted as an old man with a long beard. His emblem is the crescent Moon(sometimes represented as a boat or the horns of a bull.) Mount Sinai is named for him.
However, for a time, the Moon was believed to exude evil into the world. One commonly held superstition was that the Full Moon could make a person insane (hence the word lunatic from luna, the Latin word for the Moon). Nights of a Full Moon were supposed to be extremely unlucky because hellish beasts and demons such as werewolves drew their sinister powers from its dark energy. Today, however, she is back in favor, with many Pagans and Wiccans honoring her and asking for her assistance in rituals.
In some cultural traditions, the Moon is considered masculine, which may be where we get our legend of “The Man in the Moon.” In an old Lithuanian legend, when the young maiden is asked about her parents, she replies, “My mother is the beauteous Sun, and my father the bright Moon.” For most Natural Magicians, though the Full Moon is the embodiment of the Goddess; she is Maiden, Mother, and Crone. She is the yin balance of the Source of All.


- Describe the topic and the importance to Public Health and explain why that is an area you are interested in studying further.
- * How would you go about advancing the field of study in this area?
- * How would you incorporate this into your major field of study (i.e. Nutrition, Epidemiology, Health Education, etc.)
- * Identify the primary “stakeholders” impacted by changes in this area and how you would best communicate with them about this topic?
* (Use only the space remaining on pages 1 & 2…and remember spelling and grammar will be a part of the grading of this question. Thank you).
And also answer these two questions:
- ** The “polluter pays principle” means that:
- The polluter of the environment pays for the costs of pollution prevention and control along to the consumer
- The polluter of the environment passes the costs of pollution prevention and control along to the company’s employees
- The polluter of the environment passes the costs of pollution prevention and control along to the regulatory agency overseeing that category of pollution
- The public can pollute as much as they want and the companies have to pay the costs of pollution prevention and control
- ** The policy process of balancing the economic and other costs with the social and health benefits of environmental decisions is:
- An independent process that does not consider Risk Assessment
- A part of the Risk Assessment process
- Synonymous with Risk Management
- Closely aligned with Risk Assessment
- An arbitrary and capricious exercise performed in order to placate the public


Sometimes they just need to put on a wizard's hat or wield a magic wand to feel mysterious powers. Children can easily move from the real to the imaginary, and costume
serve as a stepping stone to their creativity. Is it a parenthesis of innocuous fantasy, after which they put the feet on the ground? Behind their wolf mask or pirate disguise, in reality, children affirm their personality, as much as they construct fictional stories. The princess and the knight
Disguises help children to highlight certain components of their identity. Thus, girls and boys make very different choices. The first are for example fascinated by the characters of fairies or princesses, who represent for them an ideal of femininity. By disguising themselves in this way, they mark their sexual identity. Dress up to get to know each other better
Disguises open a play area in which children can test roles, externalize fears, express emotions to better tame and control them. There is not the same distance as with figurines or dolls to which they play stories, they become actors and more or less involved in their interpretation, identifying or reworking their role. Thank you to Anne Bacus, doctor in psychology and psychotherapist, author of Your child from 1 to 3 years old and Your child from 3 to 6 years old (ed Marabout), as well as to the Interlude Bastide games library in Bordeaux.
Children's Fancy Dress Competition (June 2023)


KnútóttrOld Norwegian Dictionary - knútóttr
Meaning of Old Norwegian word "knútóttr" in Norwegian.
As defined by the Johan Fritzer's Old Norwegian dictionary:
- knútóttr, adj. fuld af Knuder; knútóttrgyrðill brugðinn af hrossahárum Heilag.I, 53521; suma lét hann hýða meðknútóttum sinstrengjum Barl. 14719(jvf knappasvipa).
Part of speech: adj
Possible runic inscription in Medieval Futhork:ᚴᚿᚢᛏᚮᛏᛏᚱ
Medieval Runes were used in Norway from 11th to 15th centuries.
Futhork was a continuation of earlier Younger Futhark runes, which were used to write Old Norse.
Also available in related dictionaries:
This headword also appears in dictionaries of other languages related to Old Norwegian.


Monday: Day 3: Music/P.E.
Tuesday: Day 4: Spanish/Music
Wednesday: Day 5: Art
Thursday: Day 1: Spanish/P.E.
Friday: Day 2: Computer
Math: This week we will conclude Topic 5, Dividing by 2-digit numbers. Students will review on Wednesday and Test on Thursday. All Quick Check Corrections will be due on Thursday.
Reading: This week we will conclude our theme, Seeking the Unknown. Students will take the theme test and finish their small group readers in rotations. Inquiry groups will meet at the end of the week to share their research and plan their presentation. Inquiry research #2 is due on Thursday.
Writing: Students will work in writing workshop. We will be kicking off our next unit on Informational Reports.
Science: Lesson 4 How do Scientists Know when Substances Change?
Spelling: No Spelling Test this week.
Homework packet will be due Friday. The November Book It Calendar came home at the beginning of the month. Students should be reading 20 minutes a day to reach the goal of 600 minutes by the end of the month. Please support your child in this long-term assignment.
*Library Check-out will be Wednesday.
*Friday morning will be our Veteran's Day Assembly -Fifth grade wears red.
*Group 1 will go to Maker's Space on Thursday.
*Geography Bee permission slips are due by Friday, Nov. 11.


Access to private data is mostly a vital component of virtually any business's secureness strategy. It helps take care of sensitive info from illegal access and misuse, that may result in leakages of perceptive property, advertising mileage of client and worker personal info, or losing corporate money.
The cornerstones of information secureness are confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA triad). These kinds of three concepts form the primary of a strong access control system.
Confidentiality controlled access to confidential data looks for to prevent not authorized disclosure info; integrity, to make sure that info is correct and not transformed without authorization; and availability, to make sure systems are available when they're required.
MAC can be described as stricter, hierarchical model of access control that uses "security labels" to give resource things on the system, that this user are unable to change. With regards to the classification and category, these types of resource items can only be viewed by simply certain users.
For example , a bank's chief executive needs the perfect clearance level to access consumer data files, yet different level of authorization to see details about all the bank's economic holdings. MACINTOSH requires a centralized infrastructure to implement, and operational expenditure that must be handled.
RBAC – Role Founded Access Control
Using a mix of subject and thing attributes, gain access to control decides who has entry to a certain set of methods, and for what purpose. This is sometimes a combination of least privilege and want to know, or it usually is more context-based, such as making it possible for students to use labs just during particular times.


Curve - definition, pronunciation, transcription
- a line on a graph representing data
- a pitch of a baseball that is thrown with spin so that its path curves as it approaches the batter (syn: bender)
- the property possessed by the curving of a line or surface (syn: curvature)
- curved segment (of a road or river or railroad track etc.) (syn: bend)
- extend in curves and turns (syn: twist, wind)
- form an arch or curve (syn: arc, arch)
The tail curves over the dog's back.
The road curves to the left.
The fence curves in toward the side of the house.
The railing curves out near the observation platform.
The dog's tail has a slight curve.
There is a sharp curve coming up in the road.
The curve illustrates costs per capita.
The market demand curve has increased.
The car took the curve much too quickly.
The track curved round the side of the hill.
A smile curved her lips.
The driver decreased her speed as she approached the curve.
The car fishtailed on the icy curve.
...the driveway had to be built to curve around an irremovable tree...
The masonry at the crown of the arch is paler than on either curve.
present participle: curving
past tense: curved
past participle: curved
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From Volume 85, Number 3 (March 2012)
It has been well established in the economics literature that the antitrust laws have been used strategically to undermine the competitive market process, whether the alleged abuses were based in fact or not. It should, then, come as no surprise that the origins of one of the most famous decisions in antitrust jurisprudence, the 1911 judgment by the Supreme Court against Standard Oil, can be traced back to an alliance of rivals that had seen their business interests hurt by John D. Rockefeller, Sr.’s innovative entrepreneurship. In fact, the judgment seemed to confirm early fears attributed to “[m]ost economists in the late 19th century . . . [that] the law would impede attainment of superior efficiency promised by new forms of industrial organization.” Others concluded later that “the enforcement of the Sherman Act over the past 95 years has probably reduced industrial competitiveness.”
On that occasion more than a century ago–an event that has been called “the mother of all monopolization cases”–the Court decided unanimously (with Justice Harlan concurring in part and dissenting in part ) that the U.S. government had the right to impose “broader and more controlling remedies,” including the dissolution of an entire corporate entity, in announcing that they henceforth would apply a “rule of reason” in evaluating alleged antitrust law violations.


The ultimate criterion for acoustical design is given by the human listener. Therefore, the investigation of perceptual attributes and physiological effects evoked by sounds with respect to specific contexts is fundamental. We link them to signal properties by means of subjective assessments and auditory modeling. This knowledge in the area of applied psychoacoustics enables a successful application in sound engineering and sound design.
Audio Technology and Virtual Acoustics
We develop new audio reproduction methods that provide an authentic impression of recorded acoustic scenes and environments. We use approaches that are perception driven and which take into account the acoustic properties of the reproduction room. To advance these methods, we study the fundamentals of the perception of sounds in rooms and develop models of room acoustical perception.
Auditory and Multi-Sensory Perception
Human perception provides us with a means to reliably extract information about our environment even in highly complex situations. Different processing stages are involved in establishing this information extraction. Gaining knowledge about these stages is the focus of this research area. For example, in the cocktail party effect, we investigate the perceptual mechanisms that are the basis for our ability to segregate a sound source in a complex environment. In addition, we are interested to know how other modalities interact with auditory perception.
Sound reaching our ears conveys a wealth of information about our surroundings. For many applications extracting this information from an acoustical scene is highly useful. We develop algorithms and applications of computational auditory scene analysis (CASA), for localization of sources in the auditory scene, classification of sounds, and sound enhancement.


If you are looking for where the break-even points are, you must determine the quantity for which
revenue = cost
Alternately, you may find the profit by calculating
profit = revenue – cost
The problem below demonstrate these strategies starting from a demand function and a cost function. To apply either of the relationships above, you need to form the revenue function from
revenue = (price)(quantity)
where the price is given by the demand function and Q represents the quantity.
Problem The demand function for Q units of a product is given by
$latex \displaystyle D\left( Q \right)=16-1.25Q$
The cost function is given by the function
$latex \displaystyle C\left( Q \right)=2Q+15$
a. Find the revenue function R(Q).
b. Find the break-even point(s)?
c. On a graph of R(Q) and C(Q), where do the break-even points lie?
d. Find the profit function P(Q).
e. Where do the break-even points lie on the graph of P(Q)?
Solution 1 To find the break-even point, this group of students set R(Q) = C(Q). This results in a quadratic equation. They moved all terms to one side and used the quadratic formula to find the quantities at which the revenue is equal to the cost.
Solution 2 This group of students found the profit function P(Q) first. Then they set it equal to zero to find the break-even points. Like the first solution, they also needed to use the quadratic formula.
Both techniques lead to the same break-even points and are equally valid. The only thing the second solution left out was the graph of the profit function showing the break-even points at the zeros (horizontal intercepts) of the function.


The literary qualities in The Red Pony typify the style that won Steinbeck immense popularity. Rising to prominence at the height of the Depression, Steinbeck seemed to reflect the mood of the era with his bare lines of simple prose.
Steinbeck derives his literary power from his use of symbolism for ironic effect. The symbolic images in the plot allow the reader to perceive the significance of an event on a much deeper level than do the characters. The pony in The Red Pony, for example, functions as a symbol of Jody’s boyhood and innocence as well as a symbol of his future. When the pony dies, the reader experiences a sense of loss, because the pony’s death represents Jody’s loss of innocence. But while the reader understands that Jody’s life has been dramatically altered by the death of the pony, Jody, ironically, grieves for his pony without the ability to fully see the death in a larger context.
During World War II, when people began to realize how complicated the world had become, Steinbeck’s development as a novelist faltered, and he never recovered his artistic momentum. Even East of Eden, the work he thought his masterpiece, proved a critical failure although a popular success. Since his death, Steinbeck has remained widely read, both in America and abroad. His critical reputation has enjoyed a modest revival, and will most likely continue to develop, for few writers have better celebrated the American dream or traced the dark shape of the American nightmare.


Water Turbidity Definition
The turbidity of a water sample is a measure of the extent to which the intensity of light passing through water is reduced by the suspended matter.
The turbidity of water is based upon a comparison of the amount of light passing through a given water sample with that passing through a standard sample. Traditionally, Turbidity is measured in standard units defined in terms of the depth of water to which a candle flame can be clearly distinguished.
The sources of turbidity in natural water are attributable to suspended and colloidal material, the effect of which is to disturb clearness and diminish the penetration of light. Turbidity may be caused by several factors such as microorganisms and organic detritus, silica and other sands and substances including zinc, iron and manganese compounds, clay or silt. In addition, the result of natural processes of erosion or as waste from various industries such as mining, dredging, logging and others. In some of the literature, the terms “turbidity and suspended solids” are sometimes used synonymously. This can produce errors in data interpretation if a correction function is not developed to adjust the turbidity value to represent the concentration of suspended solids. The correction function should be calculated for each water quality station because the function may vary from location to location. As a final comment, you will have more reliable water quality data if turbidity and suspended solids are retained as independent parameters.
Water Turbidity Effects on Fish and Aquatic Life
Water Turbidity Effects on Fish
Return to Water Turbidity


Formed in 1759, The Royal 18th Hussars was a Cavalry Regiment of The British Army. They fought in many of England's Colonial Wars throughout The World. The 18th Hussars were also only one of two Regular, Active Duty Cavalry Regiments of The British Army already stationed in South Africa when The 2nd Boer War (1899), began. They would remain until The War's end.
Miscalculating Boer deployment and organization, The 18th Hussars were present at the first battle of The War, Talana Hill (1899). They charged a Boer Artillery position and suffered heavy casualties. 250 Officers and Men would be ultimately captured by The Boers. After being re-formed, The 18th would participate in The Defense of Ladysmith (1900). 500 of The Regiment would be sent home soon after.
The Dress Uniform of The Regiment was Dark Blue with Yellow and Gold Facings. They wore the Khaki and Brown fatigue uniform for most of their engagements of The War. Both ''Bush Hat'' and Pith helmet were ultimately used at some point in their deployment to South Africa. The ''Pillbox'' Hat was the Duty Cap (most times). The Regiment used a wide variety of British Cavalry Carbines, Sabre and Pistol.


Introduce the advantages and disadvantages of common savings and investment vehicles, and show the short and long term effects of various savings and investment choices.
- List and prioritize some of your short- and long-term budget goals
- List and explain some of the advantages of saving money
- Understand the concept of “pay yourself first” and list some ways to encourage this habit
- List and explain the differences among the most common saving methods
- Understand the advantages and disadvantages of popular investment vehicles
- Understand what investment fraud is, and list some of the ways you can protect yourself against investment swindlers
- Compare and contrast the short and long term consequences of investment decisions
Suggested Grade Level
7th Grade – 12th Grade
Saving just 35 cents a day will result in more than $125 in a year. Small amounts saved and invested can easily grow into larger sums. However, a person must start to save.
This lesson provides students with a basic knowledge of saving and investing. The process starts with setting financial goals. Next, a commitment to saving is discussed.
Various savings plans are available to consumers. These include regular savings accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit (CD). Then, students will analyze factors to consider when selecting a savings account. These include interest rates, fees, balance requirements, and deposit insurance. Investing takes saving one step further in a person’s financial plan. Bonds, stocks, mutual funds, real estate, and retirement accounts are covered in the next section of this lesson.
Finally, students are made aware of potential investment frauds. The variety of these swindles increases each year as con artists look for new opportunities to separate people from their money.


Pathogen reduction (PR) of selected blood components is a technology that has been adopted in practice in various ways. Although they offer great advantages in improving the safety of the blood supply, these technologies have limitations which hinder their broader use, e.g. increased costs. In this context, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), in co-operation with the Italian National Blood Centre, organised an expert consultation meeting to discuss the potential role of pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) as a blood safety intervention during outbreaks of infectious diseases for which (in most cases) laboratory screening of blood donations is not available. The meeting brought together 26 experts and representatives of national competent authorities for blood from thirteen European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) Member States (MS), Switzerland, the World Health Organization, the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Health Care of the Council of Europe, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the ECDC. During the meeting, the current use of PRTs in the EU/EEA MS and Switzerland was verified, with particular reference to emerging infectious diseases (see Appendix). In this article, we also present expert discussions and a common view on the potential use of PRT as a part of both preparedness and response to threats posed to blood safety by outbreaks of infectious disease.
- Abstract viewed - 86 times
- PDF downloaded - 33 times


Joseph is Mary’s husband and step-father to Jesus. He is sometimes called the “silent saint” because he does not speak in the Gospel accounts. Traditionally, Joseph is said to have been a carpenter by trade. It is thought he died before Jesus began his ministry, making Mary a widow. The Gospel of Matthew tells the story of Jesus’ birth from Joseph’s point of view. In dreams, God speaks to Joseph and tells him to marry Mary, assuring him that the child she carries is God’s son, and later instructs Joseph to flee with Mary and Jesus to Egypt to avoid Herod’s massacre of the innocents. Joseph is the patron saint of fathers and workers. His feast day is celebrated March 19th.
“When Joseph awoke, he did as the angel of the Lord had commanded him…” — (Matthew 1:24)
Questions for Reflection:
- God communicated with Joseph through his dreams and told him to do some pretty unbelievable things. How does God communicate with you?
- How do you discern the voice of God from competing noises, especially with the influences of social media?
- How do you act on the calls you receive from God?


Brielle, NJ 08730
Tutors needed to provide multi-sensory, systematic, phonics-based instruction to students in grades K-12.
- Identify the characteristics of dyslexia and related language-based learning disabilities.
- Use assessments to identify students with word-level deficits who are appropriate for an intensive intervention.
- Effectively utilize multi-sensory structured language (MSL) instructional techniques, and demonstrate explicit teaching, modeling, guided practice, and consistent review in lessons.
- Understand language processes and how they impact the development of proficient readers and writers: phonological, orthographic, semantic, syntactic, and discourse.
- Successfully incorporate the following areas of reading instruction during Lessons: phonemic awareness, phonics, word structure, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
- Accurately teach the structure of the English language : consonant and vowel phonemes, syllable structure, common orthographic rules and spelling patterns, common Latin and Greek-based prefixes and suffixes, etc.
- Identify printed words that do not follow the rules of English, and incorporate multi-sensory structured language techniques to help students learn how to correctly read and spell these words. These words include high-frequency sight words.
- Diagnostically plan and deliver lessons, addressing and understanding specific student weaknesses that impact the ability to learn to read and write.
- Appropriately pace students through the curriculum, developing mastery of material taught, designing lessons that focus on accuracy, automaticity, and fluency of word and text reading.
- Develop students’ comprehension and fluency skills through the use of a visualization process, selection and instruction of appropriate vocabulary, and modeling and practice of technique for phrasing.
- Administer pre- and post-testing assessments to document student growth in word attack, spelling comprehension, reading fluency, and broad reading skills.
Brielle, NJ 08730
- Assess the student’s strengths and weaknesses
- Score the assessment using the criteria provided
- Write a report of the findings


Necrosis is a sudden, traumatic, and non-programmed cell death occurring when cells are severely damaged beyond the threshold of a reasonable attempt to repair, or are subjected to noxious agents that are incompatible with survival, e.g., heat or mechanical trauma. Since all these events are highly intense and unexpected, necrosis is always seen as a premature and non-regulated death. Necrosis is therefore a passive and accidental event which occurs without the involvement of a pre-determined genetic program or biochemical steps. Morphologically, necrosis is characterized by lack of DNA fragmentation, rounding of the cell associated with gain in volume (oncosis), organelle swelling and, finally, membrane rupture. As a consequence, there is an uncontrolled release of all intracellular contents – included the Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), such as the nuclear High Mobility Group Box-1 proteins (HMGB-1) and the mitochondrial DNA – able to damage the neighboring cells and to give rise to a strong inflammatory process. In fact, the inflammatory response that follows necrosis is a hallmark of this type cell death, while apoptosis accurately prevents the initiation of inflammation. For these reasons, necrosis may cause a wide and often irreversible organ damage and has been historically considered a clear sign of stress, injury, infection and tissue destruction, all linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Consistently, the presence of DAMPs in in the bloodstream is now considered an indicator of cellular necrosis.


The Sound and the Fury: Characterizing Misophonia
Misophonia, a recently coined term, describes a sound-sensitivity disorder in which individuals react to trigger sounds (e.g. chewing, swallowing, breathing) with marked distress, anxiety, irritability, and physiological arousal. To date, clinical and research literature has been limited – and an ongoing debate has emerged – regarding whether or not misophonia should be classed as a unique disorder, linked with other psychiatric conditions, particularly obsessive compulsive disorders, or considered a subclinical phenomenon. The present study addressed these questions by collecting diagnostic and self-report data from individuals enrolled in an ongoing randomized controlled treatment trial of misophonia. Specifically, this is the first known examination of misophonia in the context of DSM-5 psychopathology. Results demonstrate support for considering misophonia its own distinct disorder; no significant evidence was found to support the assertion that misophonia is a subtype of OCD. The present data suggest that anger is a core component of misophonia, in line with diagnostic considerations to date.
Harrison, Austin Reed, "The Sound and the Fury: Characterizing Misophonia" (2017). ETD Collection for Fordham University. AAI10620325.


Ready for some interesting facts about Australia and Oceania?
- Countries: There are 16 countries and a further 13 territories in Australia and Oceania.
Countries include: Australia, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and the US with Hawaii.
- Land size: Australia is the smallest continent by size, with only 8,600,000 square kilometres. This represents less than 6% of worldwide land mass.
- Population: Australia and Oceania has the second smallest population per continent, at 41 million inhabitants.
- Largest Country: Australia is the largest country in this region, taking up 90% of the total land mass.
- Smallest Country: Nauru is the smallest country in Australia and Oceania with a tiny 21 square kilometres.
- Largest City: Sydney is the largest city in the Australia and Oceania region with over 4.6 million people.
- UNESCO sites: There are 37 UNESCO World Heritage sites in Australia and Oceania.
- Highest Mountain: Puncak Jaya, or Carstensz Pyramid is located in the Sudirman mountain range in the province of Papua, Indonesia.
- Largest Desert: The Great Victorian Desert in Australia is the largest desert in Australia and Oceania.
- Largest River: The Murray is the largest river in Australia and Oceania at 2,375km.
- Largest Lake: Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre is the largest lake in Australia and Oceania.
- Largest Waterfall: Wallaman Falls in Queensland, Australia is the tallest waterfall in Australia and Oceania.


The Psychology of Finding the Silver Lining
Finding something good in a bad situation is a common way of coping with adversity, as can be seen when we talk about clouds, silver linings, and the like.
It’s also a technique that has a decent amount of evidence to back it up from the psychology literature. Psychologists talk about benefit finding, or being able to discover hidden benefits in adverse circumstances.
Most commonly, benefit finding has been researched in the context of health conditions, the idea being that people cope better with medical problems when they’re able to find some unexpected benefit that arises from those problems.
To give just one example, a review of studies on the topic linked benefit finding to higher levels of posttraumatic growth among patients with cancer.
That said, finding benefits in adversity is a coping strategy that can apply not just in dealing with illness but with life more broadly.
A 2014 study looked at benefit finding as a way of coping with life stress in general and put forward several types of benefits that people commonly find in stressful situations. These include becoming more accepting, compassionate, adaptable or resilient as a person, developing stronger connections with others, and reevaluating one’s priorities in life.
In general, social support seems to help with finding benefits in otherwise negative life events, which helps explain why higher levels of extraversion apparently predispose people to benefit finding. Possibly for the same reason, extraversion has been linked to another coping strategy related to benefit finding: discovering a sense of meaning in adverse situations.
The benefits that a challenging situation can bring are particular to both the situation and the person in question. For that reason, coping by finding hidden benefits in specific situations is still as much an art as a science. But the science does tell us, overall, that benefit finding is a coping strategy that seems to work.


Author: Arnold, Zoe, Zipf, Reyna
Type of paper: Abstract refereed
Recent international test results (such as TIMSS and PISA) indicate that the scientific literacy of Australian school students continues to demonstrate alarming decline. Initiation of a national STEM agenda offers promise of reform which will re-invigorate school science in terms of both curriculum and pedagogy. This paper argues that the success of these initiatives is dependent upon recognition of student voice, an element most often silenced during policy inception. In order to action effective change in school science education, careful consideration of student's own perceptions and lived experiences of science are critical. The findings reported in this paper are part of a larger qualitative research project which uses case study methodology to examine the implications of teacher scaffolding on student engagement and persistence in science. A questionnaire was developed to give voice to students' views and perceptions of science and was trialled with 50 Australian secondary school science students. The questionnaire comprised open-ended question prompts in combination with a series of likert-type scaled questions based on Wang et al's (2016) Math and Science Engagement Scales. Responses were analysed across four key organisers: student's perceptions of science as a lived experience, their perceptions of what school science should be, their feelings towards science, and the way student's assign value or relevance to school science using grounded theory techniques of coding, categorising and theme identification. Findings suggest that adopting a critical approach towards students' voice has potential to inform and progress an agenda responsive to how students think about and engage with science. Students' voice is not a magic panacea, but listening may enable small steps towards a STEM infused Australia to be made.


Shake and sheikh are two commonly confused words that are pronounced in the same way but are spelled differently and have different meanings, which makes them homophones. We will examine the different meanings of the homophonic words shake and sheikh, the word origins of the terms, and some examples of their English usage in sentences.
Shake may be used as a verb to mean to tremble or perform quick, jerky movements because of strong emotion, a physical problem, or being cold. Shake may also mean grasping someone or something and rapidly applying quick, jerky movements either in anger, to bring someone to his senses, or to get his attention. Shake is also used figuratively, as in to shake things up, which means to make radical changes in an organization, system, or protocol. Shake may mean to shake hands to seal an agreement. Related words are shakes, shaken, shook, shaking. Shake is also used as a noun to mean the act of shaking something or someone, the act of shaking hands, or it may be an abbreviation of the word milk shake. The word shake is derived from the Old English word sceacan, which means to rapidly move something back and forth.
A sheikh is an Arab or Muslim leader, the head of a tribe or village, or a venerated religious leader. The word sheikh is derived from the Arabic word, shaykh, which literally means old man. A variant spelling is sheik.
USGS characterizes strengths below 2.5 as akin to the shake of a big truck going past. (The Charleston Post Courier)
Put simply: Our everyday lives are changing before our eyes, and we all have been shaken to the core. (The Worcester Telegram)
“People in China found another way to greet since they can’t shake hands,” wrote one user alongside a video of the “Wuhan Shake.” (The New York Post)
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, the UAE Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, has promoted Dubai Police chief Abdullah Al Marri. (The National)
“The hard time will pass anyway; we might just as well put that passing time to get stronger than before,” Sheikh Mohamed told a number of Sheikhs, ministers and officials at Qasr Al Bahr Majlis. (The Khaleej Times)


Introducing the Global Programme Responsible Land Policy
In cooperation with policymakers in the partner countries, the Global Programme Responsible Land Policy project is working to improve the framework conditions for good land governance. Together with its partners, the project aims to introduce transparent procedures and mechanisms in land administration, thereby improving the population’s situation with respect to land rights.
The Global Programme is commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), co-funded by the European Union, and works in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Laos, Madagascar, Peru (completed in 2021), Uganda and Paraguay (completed in 2018).
Strengthening small farmer’s land rights
The livelihoods of large parts of the world’s population depend directly on access to land. If access is denied, the results are often hunger and underdevelopment. The Global Programme has helped in:
- Strengthening the land rights of over 155,000 small farming households. Of these, more than 60,000 households have registered their land rights in the name of the woman or together as a couple.
- Resolving nearly 4,100 land conflicts.
- Additionally, more than 75 agricultural investors follow international guidelines and thus contribute to sustainable development.
Learn more about The Global Programme Responsible Land Policy


Decisions -- to land or not to land, that is the question! Bumblebees
must decide which flowers to land on. Find out how they make their choices
in the Bumblebee Decisions module.
"Red Alert!" caterpillars cry out for help from their ant protectors. Find out how in the Talking Caterpillars module.
Citius, Altius, Fortius* -- see how the logic of game theory can help explain the bizarre "boxing" behavior of walnut flies, in the Fighting Walnut Flies module.
*The (Latin) motto of the Olympic Games, this means "faster, higher, stronger"
Mother Knows Best -- now that you've got a bunch of babies riding on your back, how will you as a scorpion need to change your behavior? Weigh the costs and benefits of parental care in the Scorpion Races module.
Buff Lizards -- why would a lizard do pushups? Investigate territorial behavior in the Lizard Pushups module.
This Magic Moment -- why are walnut fly matings sometimes brief, sometimes long? Uncover a key factor influencing copulation duration in the Mating Walnut Flies module.
Battle of the Sexes -- can sexual selection lead to an arms race between males and females? Find out in the "chase-away" sexual selection module.
Bumblebee: copyright © Cedar Creek Natural History Area
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Spring Lake Reveals Evidence of Early Human Habitation
Researchers have found that Spring Lake may be much older than previously thought and that human habitation of the area may extend further back in history.
Researchers have found that Spring Lake may be much older than previously thought and that human habitation of the area may extend further back in history, according to findings of an underwater geoarchaeology survey released by the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment at Texas State University. The team that discovered evidence of an early dam and of soil samples dating to the Paleolithic era was led by the center's Fritz Hanselmann, with support from the National Geographic Society, the Waitt Institute and the Center for Archaeological Studies. The survey report can be found here. (Texas State University)
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A Global Terrestrial Monitoring Network Integrating Tower Fluxes, Flask Sampling, Ecosystem Modeling and EOS Satellite Data
Remote Sensing of Environment
Accurate monitoring of global scale changes in the terrestrial biosphere has become acutely important as the scope of human impacts on biological systems and atmospheric chemistry grows. For example, the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 signals some of the dramatic socioeconomic and political decisions that may lie ahead concerning CO2 emissions and global carbon cycle impacts. These decisions will rely heavily on accurate measures of global biospheric changes Schimel 1998 and IGBP TCWG 1998. An array of national and international programs have inaugurated global satellite observations, critical field measurements of carbon and water fluxes, and global model development for the purposes of beginning to monitor the biosphere. The detection by these programs of interannual variability of ecosystem fluxes and of longer term trends will permit early indication of fundamental biospheric changes which might otherwise go undetected until major biome conversion begins. This article describes a blueprint for more comprehensive coordination of the various flux measurement and modeling activities into a global terrestrial monitoring network that will have direct relevance to the political decision making of global change.
© 1999 Elsevier
S.W. Running, D.D. Baldocchi, D.P. Turner, S.T. Gower, P.S. Bakwin, K.A. Hibbard. (1999). A Global Terrestrial Monitoring Network Integrating Tower Fluxes, Flask Sampling, Ecosystem Modeling and EOS Satellite Data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 70(1), 108-127, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00061-9


Understanding Sea Level
Global Mean Sea Level
What is global mean sea level?
This is the average height of the entire ocean surface. Global mean sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the added water from melting land-based ice sheets and glaciers and the expansion of seawater as it warms.
What are we looking at?
The plot shows global change in sea level since 1993, as observed by satellite altimeters. The black line tracks the measurements, while the blue line shows how much uncertainty is associated with these measurements. Data shown are the latest available, with time needed to allow for processing (a lag of up to 4 months).
Note: The data shown in the plot does not include the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). The data with GIA applied can be downloaded using the link below the plot.
Why do we care?
Global mean sea level is an important climate indicator, providing information on how the ocean is warming and how much land ice is melting. Global sea levels have been rising for decades in response to a warming climate. The annual rate of rise – or how quickly sea level rise is happening – has also increased from 0.08 inches/year (0.20 centimeters/year) in 1993 to the current yearly rate of 0.17 inches/year (0.44 centimeters/year). Data on this increase in the rate of global sea level rise is critical to planners understanding the trajectory of future sea level rise. More information on the importance of the 30-year satellite record and data on the trajectory of global mean sea level can be found here.
Reference: Willis, Hamlington, Fournier, 2023.
Reference: Beckley et al., 2017; GMSL dataset
Satellite Altimetry (TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason I, II, III, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich)


What if the medicines you take stop working?
That’s a reality for many people as Superbugs are making medications like antibiotics ineffective.
Antimicrobial Resistance (A.M.R) is when germs like bacteria and fungi defeat the drugs designed to kill them.
Dr. Fred Tenover, Vice President of Scientific Affairs at Cepheid, says that everybody will get infections, which can sometimes be severe.
When you treat with an antibiotic that is no longer effective, several things can happen, including a longer healing process or the risk of the infection worsening.
This continues to be a public health threat exasperated by the COVID-19 pandemic and antibiotic overprescribing.
People taking antibiotics that aren’t needed give the bacteria a chance to develop resistance. We need to be careful and wise about how we use antibiotics.
Cepheid advocates testing to ensure they are giving the right antibiotic with the correct dose at the right time. It’s time to reconsider how and when you use antibiotics.
Dr. Tenover says the best way to do this is by avoiding infections altogether. This time of year, we must wash our hands, cook the food appropriately, and cover up cuts and open wounds immediately. Try your best not to spread germs, be proactive, and then we can avoid needing antibiotics in the first place.
If your doctor is about to prescribe you an antibiotic, have a conversation with them to ensure you get the proper treatment. We have to be our health advocates with our doctors. Could you ask your doctor how long you need to take this antibiotic, what the side effects are, and make sure they do the proper test to determine what you need?
You can learn more about A.M.R. at the CDC website and proper diagnostic testing at cepheid.com.


Many researches have been carried out for many years, try to explain spinal load on daily living activities. From the idea that most of the back pain patients may have intervertebral disc pathologies such as disc degenerated disease, disc herniation, etc. At the present time, there are limit amounts of reliable informations about load on spinal column because the accurate data must be from in vivo study due to the important role of spinal muscles force that act on spinal column during daily living activities. So, the ethical problem must be another issue for these kinds of study.The data that has been collected in this article show that forward bending position may cause spinal load over 10 times over lying position. And the spinal load may be increased up to over 20 times between lying position and bending forward to pick up 20Kg. weighted thing from the floor.
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
"Spinal load on daily living activities,"
Chulalongkorn Medical Journal: Vol. 57:
6, Article 4.
Available at: https://digital.car.chula.ac.th/clmjournal/vol57/iss6/4


The life span of an insect varies greatly. Some insects, like grasshoppers, complete their cycle in several years. Others, like fruit flies, live for only a few days. Between the time an insect lays eggs and the time for the insect that hatches from this egg to mate itself, a series of spectacular transformations takes place.
Insects have an external skeleton, or exoskeleton, that looks like a shell or armour. This protective envelope has many advantages, but also certain disadvantages, particularly in terms of growth. Because it is so rigid, the exoskeleton is not very extendable, and quickly becomes too small. The insect has to replace it from time to time as it grows. This phenomenon of changing skin is known as moulting.
When an insect is ready to moult, it finds a resting place. A new exoskeleton has already begun forming under the old one. When the time is right, the old tegument bursts at the thorax and in a few moments, the insect wiggles out of the shell that has grown too small. It emerges in its new cuticle, which hardens quickly once it comes in contact with the air. The insect returns to its activities a few hours later, leaving behind its old exoskeleton, or carcass.
Insects generally moult between four and eight times, but dragonflies may moult 10 or 12 times and mayflies sometimes moult as many as 30 times. With only some exceptions, like silverfish, insects stop growing once they reach adulthood and no longer need to moult.
A large majority of insects change shape during their growth. This transformation is called metamorphosis, which may be classified as incomplete or complete depending on the importance of the changes that take place during development.
Insects that do not go through metamorphosis
Only a few groups of insects do not go through metamorphosis. They are known as ametabolous insects. The larvae of these apterous (wingless) insects look like adults, except for their size, glands and genital organs. They also moult several times as they grow. Silverfish are among the insects that are ametabolous.


87. Public Speaking Advanced: 9. What? Connect Them - Your Transitions
Last week we looked at using illustrations to spice up your speech and make it come to life.
We now have in our arsenal the Main Points, the Sub Points and the Illustrations.
How do we string them together into one smooth coherent story for the audience?
We will discuss this today.
Transitions are basic sentences / phrases used to ensure the continuity between:
1. Main Point 1 and Sub Point 1 and Illustration 1 (let's call this Group 1);
2. Group 1 and Group 2 and Group 3;
3. Introduction and Groups 1-3 and Closing.
For Group 1, some things we can say are:
a. To support my first point…. And to illustrate that, let me tell you about the time…
For Group 1 and 2 and 3, we can say:
a. My first point covered xxx, now let me share with you a second perspective….. And to round it up, this is a third perspective…
To tie up the Introduction with the Main Points and the Conclusion, we can say:
a. As I mentioned at the beginning, the main challenge is….
b. I summarise based on the 3 challenges I shared…..
c. We can therefore conclude that, as per my opening statement….
I hope these examples help a bit in helping with transitions.


Based on Old Testament subject (I Samuel 28)
Allston captures the moment (described in 1 Samuel 28:7-14) when the Witch of Endor raises Samuel, whom she alone can see, and whose presence alerts her to Saul’s trickery. The spirit will inform Saul of his impending death in battle, and will predict the triumph of the Philistines over the Israelites. In an era shadowed by war, the subject must have held special resonance: Allston’s rendition belongs to a distinguished sequence including examples by Benjamin West, William Blake, Henry Fuseli, William Sidney Mount, and others. As Bjelajac has argued, Allston’s earliest viewers may have interpreted his painting both as a reminder that Americans owed their second victory over the British to the will of God, and as a mockery of the pretensions of Bonaparte.
Washington Allston captured here an Old Testament scene described in I Samuel 28:7–14: prompted by Israel’s King Saul, shown cowering at right, the columnar and frightful Witch of Endor has conjured the spirit of the prophet Samuel. Notwithstanding his own criminalization of witchcraft and necromancy, the king has sought the witch’s assistance at a moment of crisis, as he prepares to confront the formidable Philistine army and fears (rightfully) that he has fallen from God’s favor. Samuel will inform Saul of his impending death in battle and foretell the triumph of the Philistines over the Israelites. Preceded by renowned versions of the subject by Salvator Rosa and Benjamin West (which Allston likely knew), the painting, which tells of the end of an old, established order, must have been personally meaningful to its first owner, Thomas Handasyd Perkins. A prominent Boston Brahmin and Federalist, Perkins witnessed the dramatic diminishing of his party’s political and cultural fortunes during James Monroe’s presidency.
figures; narrative; light; smoke; women; men
Link to share this object record:


Dr. Kelly Whealan George
Second Advisor Name
Automobile technology has been around for over a century and has allowed civilization the ability to become extremely mobile. Unfortunately, the technological advancement comes at an extreme cost with the emissions of various waste products such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Thus, many countries are looking to transition their carbon-based transportation system to a carbon neutral with the use of electricity. Iceland is a country that depends on renewable resources such as geothermal and hydroelectric power and recently there have been implementing electric vehicles in some towns. The usage of hydroelectric and geothermal power makes it durable to implement the usage of electric vehicles. This paper will explore the advantages and disadvantages of implementing electric vehicles (EV) in Iceland and the gain the perceptions of the average commuter.
The researcher used the methodology of ethnography where a lot of average Icelanders were interviewed to get their view on EV’s and other experts from the University of Iceland. Some of the findings were the following: Icelanders have recently started implementing the usage of EV, Icelanders are finding it useful to use it in shorter commutes due to the fact that charging stations are less and they need to be charged frequently to travel longer distances. Mostly they are being implemented in cities like Akuyeri and Reykjavic. The researcher hasn’t seen much of Electric Vehicles around the town due to the fact that it’s been recently implemented. It can be concluded that it is feasible to implement EV in Iceland and people will find it useful provided that they are ways to resolve the disadvantages in the features of EV.
Scholarly Commons Citation
Tiriveedhi, C. T. (2018). How Does Electric Vehicle Help an Average Person In Iceland?. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/student-works/78


Degenerative disc disease is the leading reason why people apply for Social Security disability benefits (SSDI). Degenerative disc disease can be disabling, but most SSDI applications from those with the condition are denied. Why does this happen?
Degenerative disc disease is not really a disease. It is a term that is used to describe changes in the spine that occur as a natural part of aging. The bones in your spine (or vertebrae) are separated by soft, compressible discs. As you age, the discs begin to break down. This leaves less padding between the vertebrae. The body reacts to the lack of padding by growing bone spurs. These spurs can compress nerves and cause pain. For most people, the pain is intermittent. For some, it is chronic and severe.
Because degenerative disc disease is a normal part of getting older, the SSA requires more than a diagnosis to qualify an applicant for disability benefits. An applicant needs evidence that degenerative disc disease limits your ability to carry out work activities, such as your ability to walk effectively, your ability to lift or carry, or your ability to sit or stand for an extended period.
Our Lincoln disability lawyers have helped many people with pain from degenerative disc disease get the disability benefits they have earned. Learn more about how we can help you in our booklet, Why You Should Hire an Attorney to Handle Your Social Security Disability Claim.
For a free case evaluation, contact Cuddigan Law at 402-933-5405 or (402) 261-4005 or [email protected]