Architecture is energy. Lines drawn on paper to represent architectural intentions also imply decades and sometimes centuries of associated energy and material flows. “Form Follows Energy” is about the relationship between energy and the form of our built environment. It examines the optimisation of energy flows in building and urban design and the implications for form and configuration. It speaks to both architectural and engineering audiences and offers for the first time a truly interdisciplinary overview on the subject, explaining the complex relationships between energy and architecture in an easy to follow manner and using simple diagrams to show how energy design strategies can be used to maximize the energy performance of our built environment, while at the same time leading to new aesthetic qualities and radically new forms in architecture and urban design. After building an understanding of the physical laws of nature underlying energy use in buildings and urban design in the initial chapters, ways and means of allowing the consideration, analysis and manipulation of natural forces in the field of design in the built environment are explored. Strategies for maximizing energy performance in the design and construction of buildings and cities are then expanded upon. The text is illustrated with many examples from research and practice, in which Brian Cody draws on 30 years of experience as an engineer and university professor. His designs have been developed in collaboration with many well-known international architectural firms, including Coop Himmelb(l)au, OMA, DMAA, David Chipperfield, MVRDV and Zaha Hadid.
2 The science of energy design
3 External and internal environments
4 Buildings and energy
5 Urban design and energy
6 The art of energy design
7 Evaluating energy performance
TitleForm Follows Energy


Estimated read time: 2-3 minutes
This archived news story is available only for your personal, non-commercial use. Information in the story may be outdated or superseded by additional information. Reading or replaying the story in its archived form does not constitute a republication of the story.
Ed Yeates ReportingA 40-thousand dollar cash prize for some University of Utah students could turn into millions. They've developed a hand-held device, which could revolutionize the way pharmaceutical companies target new drugs for specific diseases.
In Star Trek Bones or other docs would wave a fictitious device over patients to find out what's ailing them and how to treat it. This little guy won't do exactly that, but might now give pharmaceutical companies a revolutionary tool to tailor-make treatments for specific people.
Through tiny tubes the size of a human hair, sample solutions deposit proteins on a microscopic plate in HUGE numbers, something scientists have never been able to do before.
Josh Eckman, Co-founder, Wasatch Microfluidics: “The exact number is an 86 fold increase. It’s almost a hundred times better than current technologies.”
The old expensive way identifies very few proteins. But with the new device a massive number clumped together all at once, ready to be exposed to an experimental drug.
For less money researchers can quickly identify proteins which mark a disease a patient has now and how those proteins react to specific drugs. And that's not all.
Down the road a physician might be able to use this device as a diagnostic tool, telling him, for example, which patient would do well on a particular drug.
Josh Eckman: “In the doctor’s office at the point of care, you could have a diagnostic tool which would test your blood sample against current drugs that are on the market to see which drug would fit you best.”
Imagine, for example, an effective treatment for arthritis, that based on a test of your own body's proteins will not produce any side-effects specifically for you. The student team behind this little invention won the David Eccles 2005 Entrepreneur Award. But 40 thousand dollars is only the beginning. Their spin-off company could make $30 million within five years. And that's for only ONE application.
Over 500- university and college teams from around the state competed for the Eccles Award. Only 10 teams made it to the final round.


|Title||Comparison of soil-aggregate crushing-energy meters|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2020|
|Authors||Pi, H, Huggins, DR, Webb, NP, Sharratt, B|
|Keywords||Abrasion, Binding energy, Dry aggregate stability, Dust emission, Particle cohesion, Wind erosion|
Dry aggregate stability (DAS) is an important factor influencing soil wind erosion, dust emission and crop production. Historically and to the present, DAS has been determined using a horizontal- or vertical-plate crushing meter (Soil-Aggregate Crushing-Energy Meter, hereafter SACEM). The intent of this paper was to compare the performance of horizontal-plate SACEM with a commercial penetrometer (Mohr Digi-Test, hereafter MDT). The performance of both instruments was tested on aggregates collected from various soil types, crop rotations, soil amendments, and tillage systems across the inland Pacific Northwest United States (iPNW). Results indicated no consistently significant difference in DAS measured by the MDT and SACEM. However, there was evidence that SACEM under-estimated or MDT over-estimated DAS by 74 to 368% in measuring the stability of strong aggregates (DAS > 3 J kg−1). Both instruments measured higher DAS for no-tillage summer fallow, winter wheat-summer fallow (WW-SF) rotations, and no green manure treatments compared with other tillage practices, oilseed rotations, and green manure treatments. The SACEM that has historically been used in measuring soil DAS can be replaced by the commercial penetrometer (MDT). Nonetheless, differences in the performance of instruments in measuring the stability of strong aggregates poses risks.


Do you enjoy reading Op-eds? Have you ever thought about writing one? Writing them is not as easy as it may seem, and to get them accepted for print is competitive business. Why? The Op-ed pages of major newspapers are read by businesspeople, scholars and those at the highest levels of government. They can sway public opinion. They attract all kinds of media, including television, radio, print and digital. If your Op-ed appears, you can become part of a local, regional or even national debate!
There are many ways to structure an Op-ed.
All however, have these parts:
1. A lead in “hook.” This is the event, the happening, situation or issue that introduces the subject matter. It can be a news story, a major new study, or relate to popular trends. The hook can also be a moving anecdote, point out a contradiction, or even be something personal that connects to something happening at a local, regional, national or global level.
2. Your opinion, or “thesis.” The term “thesis” is used loosely here. It is that statement that makes clear your argument, or the opinion you are putting forth.
3. Evidence to back up your argument or thesis. This can include things like statistics, research study results, reports from credible organizations, history or even your first hand experience.
4. A nod to the opposition. This is a part that in some way says “the other side has a point.” However, then it needs to be followed by a point with the theme “but what is more important is…” which leads back you back to your main opinion.
5. A conclusion that re-emphasizes your thesis.
As you get the hang of it, the help of editorial services can assist you in refining your Op-ed. Writing them means getting to write about what you care about. If done well, an Op-ed frames an issue to make points effectively, persuades readers, and can be part of changing public opinion, which can be part of the wave of social change. It is a way to empower people to find their voice and make a difference in the world.
If you have written them and have tips, let’s hear ’em!
Updated January 6, 2017


Ventilation and air conditioning systems
A good working climate goes without saying nowadays in most companies, at least from a technical point of view – ultimately, there are high-performance ventilation and air conditioning systems in modern workplaces. However, it is important that these systems always have the optimum settings and maintenance.
Observance of air flows in the ventilation duct is of utmost importance for the function of the ventilation and air conditioning system.
- Accurate recording of air flows in the ventilation duct
- Ensure the removal of room loads (heating, cooling and substance loads)
Every duct inlet and outlet should only contain the volumetric flow that, according to its calculations, is the basic requirement for a system that works efficiently.
- Measure the volumetric flow according to EN 16211 in a reliable way
Pressure on filters
Air conditioning systems are equipped with filters which prevent dirt from the outside air entering the indoor air.
- Measure differential pressure to check whether the filter is still fully functional
- If the pressure is too high, the filter is contaminated and needs changing
Balanced ventilation systems
Indoor climate measuring instruments and probes from Testo support you in all phases of a BVS: From the planning phase through the optimum adjustment up to regular monitoring of the performance – intuitively, precisely and taking legal conformity into consideration.
- Measure supply air
- Check exhaust air vents in bathrooms and kitchens
- Check indoor humidity and temperature


Definition:Decimal Expansion/Historical Note
The idea of representing fractional values by extending the decimal notation to the right appears to have been invented by Simon Stevin, who published the influential book De Thiende.
The idea was borrowed from the Babylonian number system, but streamlined to base $10$ from the cumbersome sexagesimal.
However, his notation was cumbersome: he would write, for example, $25 \bigcirc \! \! \! \! \! \! 0 \ \, 3 \bigcirc \! \! \! \! \! \! 1 \ \, 7 \bigcirc \! \! \! \! \! \! 2 \ \, 9 \bigcirc \! \! \! \! \! \! 3$ for what we now give as $25 \cdotp 379$.
John Napier, in the early $17$th century, appears to have been the first into print with the contemporary notation, although Walter William Rouse Ball suggests that credit for this ought to be due to Henry Briggs.
It was not until a century later, however, that the decimal point came into general use.
- 1938: A. Geary, H.V. Lowry and H.A. Hayden: Mathematics for Technical Students, Part One ... (previous) ... (next): Arithmetic: Chapter $\text I$: Decimals
- 2008: Ian Stewart: Taming the Infinite ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $3$: Notations and Numbers: The Dark Ages?


“This odorless, colorless, tasteless gas is found in the air we breathe in buildings, homes, offices,” said IEMA Director Alicia Tate-Nadeau. “If not properly addressed, high levels of radon can cause major health concerns.”
It’s estimated more than 1,100 people in Illinois develop radon-related lung cancer each year. Radon tests can be purchased at most hardware and department stores. It is recommended to conduct one short-term test and one long-term test to ensure consistent readings. Should you find higher readings, you should contact IEMA for information about a licensed mitigation professional who are trained to reduce radon levels.
The IEMA and the Lung Association in Illinois are announcing the continuation of two statewide contests that encourage students to use their creative talents to promote radon awareness among young people. The Radon Video Contest asks Illinois high school students to create a 30-second commercial style video, while the Radon Poster Contest asks middle school students to create a poster that will encourage people to test their homes for radon.
“Radon is responsible for an estimated 21,000 lung cancer deaths every year and is the leading cause of lung cancer in people who have never smoked. Since radon is odorless, tasteless and colorless, the only way to detect radon in your home is to test the air. This is why it is critical for everyone to test their home,” said Angela Tin, National Senior Director of Clean Air Initiatives for the American Lung Association. “This contest is a perfect way for everyone to learn more about this dangerous gas and take action to protect yourself and your loved ones.”
All contest prizes are funded by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Both contests are sponsored by IEMA, Lung Association, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5. The top posters and videos from the 2022 state contests can be viewed on IEMA’s radon website at www.radon.illinois.gov. The website also includes information about radon and lists of licensed measurement and mitigation professionals. Information is also available through IEMA’s Radon Hotline at 800-325-1245.


If you have a small pet such as a hamster, gerbil or mouse that needs feeding on a daily basis you may be interested in a new Raspberry Pi project by Explaining Computers. Which uses the Raspberry Pi Zero mini PC to create an automated pet feeder. Check out the video below to learn more.
“People make marvellous things for their pets with Raspberry Pi. Here’s a splendid hamster feeder tutorial from Christopher Barnatt of Explaining Computers, just perfect if you’re after a small project for this weekend. All you need to build your hamster feeder is a Raspberry Pi Zero and peripherals, a couple of servos, some plasticard, sellotape and liquid polyadhesive, and some jumper wires. The video takes you very clearly through the entire set-up, from measurements to wiring details to Python code (which is available to download). As Christopher explains, this will allow you to feed your hamster controlled portions of food at suitable intervals, so that it doesn’t eat the lot in one go and, consequently, explode. What’s not to love?”
Source : RPiF : Explaining Computers
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On-farm emergency slaughter (OFES), whereby inspection, stunning, and bleeding occur on the farm before the carcass is transported to a slaughterhouse, is permitted in some jurisdictions as a means to avoid inhumane transportation while salvaging meat from injured animals. However, OFES is controversial and its use for dairy cows has been little studied. Inspection documents for 812 dairy cows were examined to identify how OFES was used for dairy cows in British Columbia, Canada, over 16.5 mo. Producers used OFES for dairy cows aged 1 to 13 yr (median of 4 yr). Leg, hip, nerve, spinal, foot, and hind-end injuries or conditions (in that order) were the most common reasons for OFES, and some cases may have been a consequence of calv-ing. Foot conditions were disproportionately common among cows 5 yr and older, and hind-end conditions were disproportionately common among cows 6 yr and older. Producers used OFES promptly after traumatic injury (within 1 d) for some cows, but OFES was de-layed for others, sometimes until cows had been nonam-bulatory for 2 to 6 d. In some cases, OFES was used for nontraumatic chronic conditions, such as lameness and hind-end weakness, rather than traumatic injuries such as fractures and dislocated hips. Use of OFES appears to conform to the purpose of the program when used promptly after traumatic injuries, but clear guidelines are needed to avoid inappropriate use and delays that may prolong animal suffering.
Koralesky, K. E., & Fraser, D. (2018). Use of on-farm emergency slaughter for dairy cows in British Columbia. Journal of dairy science, 101(7), 6413-6418. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14320
Agribusiness Commons, Animal Studies Commons, Dairy Science Commons, Operations and Supply Chain Management Commons
Open Archive in partnership with American Dairy Science Association (ADSA)


A little over 2,000 years ago the so-called Silk Road established a magnificent bridge through the motley roads that descended from the mountains, crossed the steppes and the oasis that extended from Chang’an in China, crossingAntioch in Syria and Constantinople, to reach the gates of Europe and from there to the fifteenth-century Hispanic kingdoms. Caravans of merchants, soldiers and sages migrated from the east to the west and vice versa, populating the steppes and cities.
The history of the Central Asian region has been intimately linked to the symbiosis between two fundamental questions: On the one hand, this legendary route, an exchange between very different worlds. On the other hand, all types of activity have been conditioned by a very specific natural environment, the climate and geography of the area, which has determined, toa large extent, every moment of its historical evolution.
In general, Central Asia is one of the least clearly defined regions in the world. Its rich, historical-cultural dynamics, such as bridges, crossroads, and space for exchange between the experiences of different civilizations make it a difficult area to define. In this regard Professor Sebastián Stride explains that the only definition on which most specialists agree is “negative:” Central Asia encompasses everything that is neither China, nor India, nor Southeast Asia, nor Europe, nor the East Medium “…this last definition is very expressive since, despite what its name suggests, “Central” Asia is never the centre of anything.
A no-man’s-no-man’s-land between “civilisations” that the atlases of the world reflect, in general, only on maps throughout Eurasia. In the regional maps, on the contrary, it usually appears sectioned, filling in the angle that completes the maps centred on large countries or civilisations: the Chinese, Indian, Russian or Middle Eastern worlds…”1


It helps to accepts inputs: Operating system accepts inputs from the mouse or keyboard.
It Sends outputs to the monitor or printer: Operating system helps to send any outputs to the output devices such as monitor and printer etc.
It recognizes peripheral devices: Operating system helps to recognizes peripherical devices such as external hard disks, pen drive, web cam etc and makes sure that software needed for the hardware to run is installed.
It manages files and folders in the system: Operating system manages files and folders in the computer system such as (Naming, Creating, Moving, Finding and Deleting folders etc).
It allowsapplications software to communicate with the system's hardware: Operating system allows application software (words processing and spreadsheet to communicate with system’s hardware.
It Shares out system memory efficiently: The operating system will decide how much memory to assign to particular tasks. It also moves data in and out of memory.
It loads and runs software applications: Operating system enable the computer to load and run application software (word-processing and spreadsheets.
It manages system security: Operating system allows passwords to be added / changed Manages system security. For example - allows passwords to be added / changed.
It handles system problems and alerts the user: Operating system helps to identify any problems in the computer system. For example if a printer is jammed and cannot printer, the operating system will stop the print job and alert the user with a warning message.
It manages the moving of data to and from a hard disk: Operating system helps to move processed data or information to and from a hard disk.


The main problem of Industrialised Building System (IBS) building management is the lack of integration in computerised technology. This is an issue in finding information especially in obtaining detailed information on the design, nature or type of construction material. Therefore, the main objective of this book is to focus on knowledge in the use of Revit Architecture and Structure that can integrate the entire process in IBS building management with BIM applications in improving the building design process. This book will assist the reader in understanding the construction management process of building component and BIM technology in the IBS building projects. The initial chapter presents the work process of BIM system components and describes the Level of Development (LOD) and Level of Detail (LOd) adopted throughout the BIM model. Implementation of an architectural component that tends to be applied in the creation of floors, doors, roofs and ceilings are discussed in the next chapter. It also describes Revit top of footing in general and focuses on levels, footings, columns, slabs (lift) and foundations including process of creating hollow structural columns component of steels columns, basic wall, slab on grade, thickened slab and structural area reinforcement. The scopes and components of the Revit Architecture and Structure software are also presented, and concluded by showing the requirements necessary for effective use of model detailed design (LOD 300). In addition, this book identifies the importance of stairs and specific concrete framings technologies such as pan joists.


International Services/Erasmus +
European Credit Transfer System
The ECTS is the European system for the recognition of university credits.
University students can choose to carry out part of their studies at universities selected by the European Union. The credits allocated for the exams taken at these selected universities will be recognised by the students’ home university.
The key aim of the ECTS is to promote the mobility of European students, thus favouring cultural exchange and the evolution of university and professional careers within the countries of the Union.
Characteristics of the ECTS
The ECTS is based on the attribution of a numerical score to the single disciplines in each degree course, based on the overall work load each student has to face in order to pass the final examination.
These student effort hours include hours of teaching, seminars, practical work and laboratory work as well as the hours devoted to study and to the writing of dissertations.
Due to the application of common evaluation methods, credits and grades, the ECTS offers full transparency regarding periods spent studying abroad. It also offers a general key for the interpretation of the various national systems of university teaching.
The ECTS is based essentially on the following:
full information given about the study and evaluation programmes;
the mutual agreements between partner institutions and the students;
the use of ECTS credits to evaluate the work required of the students.
ECTS credit value
Each course is assigned an ECTS credit value, between 1 and 60, to evaluate the work load the student has to face in order to prepare for the final examination. Credits represent the study load in each course in relation to the study load in a complete academic year.
All university courses, whether compulsory or elective, are given a credit value. The impact of a course is not reflected by its credit value as very often the same course may be included in the study plans of different faculties. The course’s credit value varies depending on its programme.


Welcome to the waste directory - plasterboard
Gypsum and plasterboard cannot be sent to landfill mixed with biodegradable waste as this combination can produce hydrogen sulphide gas which is both toxic and odorous.
What can be recycled?
Athough there are a limited number of end uses for plasterboard it can be 100% recycled.
What is included?
- other items
What happens to this waste stream?
Plasterboard waste stream
Where do I put plasterboard?
- Separate gypsum-based material and plasterboard from other wastes on site so it can be either be recycled or reused (or, if necessary, disposed of properly at a landfill site permitted to accept this waste).
Who removes them?
- There are many recycling operators who can be engaged to deal with this waste appropriately. Please contact email@example.com for more advice.
What happens then?
- Gypsum-based material can be recyceld into new plasterboard, as a soil stabiliser or as a growing media.
How green is this waste stream?
- Everything that you recycle is put to good use. By recycling we reduce our need for raw materials, reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and reduce our carbon footprint. You are helping to protect and improve the environment.
- Recycling ensures that good use is made of this valuable commodity.
- We ensure that no pollution is caused to the environment.


If you are searching for a job in the field of architecture, you need to verify out careers in architectural design and style. A job as an architectural designer is especially fantastic for individuals are inventive and additional interested in the artistic side of architecture as opposed to the engineering aspect. Architecture designers focus on designing structures that consist of bridges and each residential and industrial buildings. They are concerned with designing a space that is each functional and aesthetic. The form of function that architecture designers do also differs. A lot of designers specialize in a certain location such as designing educational institutions or residential structures.
In order to get a job in architecture design and style, you will need to earn a bachelor’s or a master’s degree in architecture from an accredited institution. When going to college full time, a bachelor’s degree can be earned in four years while a master’s degree can take anywhere from a single to five years depending on how several classes you take at a time. Most states also demand some sort of licensing in order to practice architecture. It usually requires a though to get established as an architectural designer, so the earlier you start off finding knowledge the far better. Numerous architectural designers commence interning with firms while they are still in college.
Kinds of Function & Wages
A lot of architectural design and style workers function in architecture firms alongside other types of architects. Although most designers function for firms, some architectural designers also uncover operate as consultants or in positions working for the government. On top of that, some architectural designers start off their personal firms following operating someplace to obtain practical experience. Wages for architecture style jobs improve with expertise and also differ by location they will usually be larger in big cities. Job prospects for architectural designers look superior as the field is expected to develop at least as rapidly as the average in coming years. In yoursite.com , starting a profession in architectural style is a excellent profession choice for folks who want to combine creativity and engineering to develop lasting performs of art.


Research paper editing format
GRAMMATICAL ERRORSThe basic rule to editing a research paper would be to first and foremost check for any grammatical and syntax errors. A grammatical error in your research paper will make your paper be difficult to read. You might even end up confusing your audience. Correct any grammatical errors in your research paper by reading your paper several times over. Read it slowly at first to see if you misused any grammar. It is often best to type your research paper using applications like the Microsoft word. This application has editing and grammar tools. Wrong grammar and spelling are often in red and green dotted lines; this is a great tool to use for editing purposes.
TAKE NOTE OF CHAPTERSWhile writing your research paper , it is important that all chapters are complete. Your research paper is not complete if one chapter or section is missing from your finished work. The best way to check for missing chapters is to have a similar work to compare yours with. Note all the chapters that are supposed to be in your research paper. Skim through your work to ensure that none of these chapters and sections is missing. If you happen to find any missing section, it's best to make up for it by adding the relevant section.
CHOOSE READABLE FONT CHARACTERSIt is a bad idea to choose font characters that are less than 12. The reason for this is not farfetched. Your readers need to discern what they are reading. There is no point forcing your readers to strain their eyes before they can understand you. A font character of 12-14 is usually ideal. Use a smaller font and risk being penalized by your professor.
CHOOSE THE PERFECT PAGE LAYOUTThe page layout of your research paper makes it all the more readable and interesting. Many institutions have specific page layouts they expect their students to use. Check with your department so you won't be penalized. Usually, it is recommended that both sides of your paper use 2 inches off the sides as well as in the header and footer sections. This sort of formatting makes your paper looks organized. Having written words scattered all over the pages of your paper is not appealing and your reader might easily lose interest.


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Paper and cardboard as sustainable building materials are currently the subject of research and testing. They can be produced inexpensively, are made from renewable raw materials and are completely recyclable. The focus of their application is on temporary uses, such as for transitional schools, emergency shelters or "microhomes". Properly protected from moisture and fire, the material proves to be durable. Design and aesthetic qualities are by no means neglected, as case studies by Pritzker Prize winner Shigeru Ban demonstrate: the Chengdu Elementary School, the Paper Concert Hall in Aquila or the Cardboard Cathedral in Christchurch all provided a sign of hope after devastating earthquakes. This introduction explains the technology of building with cardboard and paper and shows a wide range of examples.
Professor Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Knaack, Professor of Design of Construction at Delft University of Technology and Professor of Facade Structures at the Technical University DarmstadtDr.-Ing. Rebecca Bach, research group leader for “Paper Construction and Design” at Technical University Darmstadt, project manager for building physics and sustainability at Kempen Krause IngenieureProfessor Dr.-Ing. Samuel Schabel, Professor of Paper Technology in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Technical University Darmstadt
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Satiety is body’s response to inhibit further eating. There is growing knowledge around the subject of intake of food, chewing of food as well as its connection to satiety. According to experts reduced chewing of food leads to bypassing of the initial oral signaling process that eventually leads to onset of satiety. As a result there is delay in realizing satiety which has the drawback of food overconsumption and therefore weight gain.
Eating fast without chewing can happen when we eat and drink food that can be consumed quickly. The various lifestyle related changes in food habits have their own contribution to this. During one organized study on food consumption and its relation to chewing and satiety, consumers were not able to estimate how much they had eaten and hence how much intake they should have had as per their individual caloric requirement.
As we look around, we can see that with changing lifestyle, we have increasingly started using refined grains and flour. In the process of grain refining we have been stripping away the roughage from food. This roughage or dietary fibre of food is the macro ingredient that makes us chew the food in the first place. It delays and retards absorption of carbohydrates and fats thus increasing the satiety value of food.
Indian dietary guidelines suggest intake of 40-45 gm of fibre per person per day. Fibre intake has been critical to optimum health and has been linked to reduced body weight and anti-inflammatory benefits.


Stabiles are standing kinetic sculptures. Many artists make stabiles that are large. What You Need pipe cleaner, tape, paper, scissors, and clothes pins Try This?
Puppets are an easy toy to make at home. What You Need paper, scissors, and brads Try this?
Rolled up cardboard can make an interesting artmaking tool. What Do You Need cardboard, hot glue, paper, and ink Try this? Glue the stamps. Let dry. Dip in ink or acrylic
This is one of the easiest forms of book binding. What you need Paper, straw, and string or raffia Try this? This is a simple way to make a book that mimics a stab binding.
This simple project is a great way to make a book using only your hands and paper.
Many artists choose to make their sculptures abstract, rather than realistic. When you have fewer details, everything you include takes on greater importance. Try your hands at making simple sculptures. How much personality can you put into your abstract figurative sculpture?
Drawing can be scary, but switching up can make it more accessible. Pipecleaners are basically bendy lines. Grab a couple to use to draw forms, like people. Then go back to a pencil and paper to draw the same forms.
Glass isn’t easy to make at home, but you can mimic the translucent qualities of glass using plastic and paint. These suncatchers are easy and fun.
Monoprints are simple. You add color to a flat surface, and then apply that surface to the paper. Unlike other prints, you can only print the ‘plate’ once or twice. Bubblewrap as the plate adds another layer of texture to your print.


IANA is responsible for which three IP resources? (Choose three.)
Click on the arrows to vote for the correct answerA. B. C. D. E. F.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a department of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) that manages the allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) address space, domain name system (DNS) root zone management, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and numbers.
The three IP resources that IANA is responsible for are:
A. IP address allocation: IANA is responsible for allocating globally unique IP addresses to regional Internet registries (RIRs), such as ARIN, RIPE, and APNIC. The RIRs then allocate IP addresses to Internet service providers (ISPs), organizations, and end-users within their respective regions.
D. Autonomous system number allocation: IANA is responsible for allocating unique Autonomous System (AS) numbers to RIRs, which then allocate them to ISPs and organizations within their respective regions. AS numbers are used to identify networks on the Internet and are an essential component of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).
E. Root zone management in DNS: IANA is responsible for managing the DNS root zone, which contains information about the top-level domains (TLDs) on the Internet. This includes adding, removing, or modifying TLDs, delegating responsibility for TLDs to other organizations, and maintaining the root zone file.
Option B (Detection of spoofed address) is not a responsibility of IANA. Detecting and preventing spoofed IP addresses is the responsibility of Internet service providers and network operators.
Option C (Criminal prosecution of hackers) is not a responsibility of IANA. Criminal prosecution of hackers falls under the jurisdiction of law enforcement agencies in various countries.
Option F (BGP protocol vulnerabilities) is not a responsibility of IANA. BGP protocol vulnerabilities are the responsibility of network operators and vendors who develop and implement BGP-based routing solutions.


1780 was a leap year.
|Centuries:||17th century – 18th century – 19th century|
|Decades:||1750s 1760s 1770s – 1780s – 1790s 1800s 1810s|
|Years:||1777 1778 1779 – 1780 – 1781 1782 1783|
- January 16 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cape St. Vincent
- February – Armed Neutrality of the North alliance formed between Denmark, Sweden, and Russia.
- March 26 – The British Gazette and Sunday Monitor, the first Sunday newspaper in Britain
- April 16 – The University of Münster in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded
- May 12 – American Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces.
- May 29 – American Revolutionary War: Loyalist forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton kill surrendering American soldiers in the Waxhaw Massacre.
- August 16 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden – The British defeat the Americans near Camden, South Carolina.
- September 25 – Benedict Arnold flees to British-held New York
- October 2 – American Revolutionary War: British spy John Andre is hanged by American forces.
- October 10-16 – Great hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and St. Eustatius
- November 29 – Maria Theresa of Austria dies and her Habsburg dominions pass to her ambitious son, Joseph II, who has already been Holy Roman Emperor since 1765.
- Britain attacks the United Provinces before it can join the Neutral Alliance, because of its support for the American uprising.
- First Epsom Derby horse race run at Epsom Downs, Surrey, England.
- Emperor Kokaku ascends to the throne of Japan
- In Ireland, Lady Berry, who is sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become an executioner (retires 1810)
- Good grain and wine harvest in France
- 35th and last volume of Diderot's Encyclopédie published
- for more information, see Category:1780 births.
- for more information, see Category:1780 deaths.


The New Border Wars
The Conflicts That Will Define Our Future
A thrilling insight into international geopolitics by one of the world’s leading experts, that examines the past, future, and present meaning of borders from the fall of the Berlin Wall to 9/11, Palestine to Pakistan, North Korea to Trump’s Wall, and beyond.
What do border walls—literal and figurative—mean for our changing international relationships?
In The New Border Wars, border expert Klaus Dodds embarks on a journey into the geopolitical conflict of tomorrow in an eye-opening tour of the world’s best-known, most dangerous and most unexpected border conflicts from the Gaza Strip to the space race. In the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and elsewhere, the tension inherent to trying to divide the world up into separate parcels of land and sea has not gone away.
And in fact, with climate change shifting our natural borders from mountains to glaciers to rivers, the question of how we live in a world that’s becoming warmer and wetter—and growing in population—looms large, as territory resources become increasingly scarce and contested. Dodds answers why now more than ever we are likely to see more walls, barriers, and securitization of the worlds around us.
The New Border Wars discovers just what borders truly mean in the modern world: how are they built; what do they mean for citizens and governments; and how do they help understand our political past and, most importantly, our diplomatic future?


A low, decumbent, deciduous shrub 4 or 5 in. high, with round, shallowly grooved, hairy branches. Leaves trifoliolate, with a main-stalk 1⁄4 in. long; leaflets obovate or oblong, 1⁄3 in. long, almost shaggy when young on both sides. Flowers golden yellow, produced in April and May, one to three (occasionally up to six) at each joint, on short hairy stalks, on the terminal part of the previous year’s shoots. Each flower is about 1⁄2 in. long, with a short hairy calyx; the standard petal is orbicular and incurved at the edges. Pod 3⁄4 to 1 in. long, hairy, containing one or two seeds.
Native of the Maritime Alps, where, according to Moggridge (Flora of Mentone, t. 58), it is extremely rare in a wild state owing to the plants being eaten over by grazing animals before the seeds have time to ripen. It was first discovered by Ardoino, after whom it is named, in 1847, but was apparently lost sight of until 1866, when it was found again by the Rev. Wm. Hawker and introduced to cultivation. It is a singularly pretty little shrub, one of the dwarfest of brooms, quite hardy, and flowers freely. Under cultivation it hybridises readily through insect agency if grown near other species. It is the seed parent of C. × kewensis and C. × beanii, as well as some other inferior unnamed kinds. It is a delightful rock garden plant, but if associated with other brooms should he raised from cuttings to be sure of coming true.


Weight gain is usually blamed on poor diet and a lack of exercise. But the marmosets and macaques living at a Madison, Wis., laboratory have followed the same diet and exercise regimens since 1982. Still, they grew heavier with each passing decade, leading David B. Allison, a biostatistician at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, to believe that environmental factors may be at play. He and his colleagues studied weight changes in 20,000 animals, including primates and rodents used for research, domestic cats and dogs, and urban feral rats. They tracked the animals’ percentage weight gain per decade, as well as their odds of being obese. Both showed a strong upward tendency. Chimpanzees grew 33.6 percent heavier per decade; mice grew 12.46 percent heavier.
Allison speculates that factors such as endocrine-disrupting toxins in the water supply or pathogens affecting mammalian metabolism may be to blame. But some say his data could be explained by diet and exercise changes—caused, perhaps, by an increase in the numbers of lab animals being housed in a single cage. Allison agrees that housing might affect metabolism, but humans, too, live in increasingly crowded conditions. “This is exactly the kind of innovative thinking ... we think our results warrant,” he says. “If density of housing affects weights in animals, maybe density of housing also affects body weight in humans.”


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This program provides an opportunity for licensed teachers to obtain an additional endorsement in teaching gifted children. The program coordinator interviews applicants for the purpose of evaluating the extent to which their teaching experiences and past coursework demonstrate competencies required by Johnson University. Evidence is collected in a portfolio, and any deficiencies are addressed through coursework or projects. When the student has met all standards, the student presents the portfolio to an exit committee. Upon successful completion of this process, the Templar School of Education recommends the student to the Tennessee State Board of education for the endorsement.
Educational needs of students pursuing the Gifted Education endorsement are determined on a case-by-case basis. Accordingly, the program may include a combination of credit for prior learning, online courses, and/or face-to-face courses offered at the Tennessee campus. Students will be required to participate as an online cohort that begins during the fall semester and concludes with the spring semester.
Nature & Needs of the Gifted Child
This course examines the particular nature, needs, and development of the gifted student. Pertinent issues such as creativity, cultural differences, gender, and underachievement are examined. The history of gifted education is explored, as well as how to recognize and identify giftedness in the classroom. Students also examine characteristics of the teacher of the gifted.
Methods of Teaching the Gifted Child
This course provides learners with an understanding of the instructional needs of gifted students and the resources available to teach and enrich the education of these individuals. Emphasis is placed on curricular models, teaching strategies of differentiated instruction, and processes for learning.


African Music The next ingredient in the combination that would eventually emerge as Latin and Caribbean music is music from the African diaspora. As the Spanish killed off the natives of the islands, they brought slaves from Africa to work in their place. The Spanish needed large numbers of workers for plantations that grew sugar cane and other valuable crops. Between the early 1500s and the 1830s, around four to five million African slaves were brought to the Caribbean islands to work in Spanish, Dutch, French, or British colonies. Black communities in the Caribbean have exerted a strong influence on music all over the world. The Caribbean is the birthplace of musical icons ranging from the Jamaican reggae star Bob Marley to the current hip-hop figures Nicki Minaj and Rihanna. The latest dance music is as likely to reflect the rhythms of reggae as modern electronica. While earlier historians were likely to argue that enslaved black communities did not retain great degrees of their traditional African cultural roots, newer interpretations reveal rich cultural and musical backgrounds that persist today. There are many specific characteristics in Latin and Caribbean music that can be traced to Africa. In religious music like that associated with Haitian Vodou and Cuban Santería, listeners can find many melodies and words that even exist in African songs today. In secular music, the influence can be felt as well. In African villages, music was usually an act of community participation. While soloists and featured performers had their part, most music was the work of the whole community, where people would contribute by singing, clapping, dancing or playing instruments. This can be heard today in music like Cuban son, which is characterized by heavy rhythms, a call-and-response structure, and large musical groups.
Chapter 1: The Roots of Latin and Caribbean Music
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The Merak Programme
Merak, a Turkish word, means Wonder. The programme supports students’ agency as they choose areas of their interest and engage in learning beyond their curricular subjects. It is designed to foster an environment of collaboration among students from different age groups and bring to the forefront the talents from within.
Student Advisory Programme
The junior student advisory programme shall focus on competencies listed in the CASEL model of social-emotional learning. At TSRA we believe that children with strong social-emotional skills are better equipped to manage daily challenges, build positive relationships, and make well-informed decisions pertaining to career and life choices.
TSRA aims to develop empathy and responsibility in students by giving them opportunities to work on collaborative projects aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The “Service-Learning Programme” will enable students develop a sense of ownership, be more conscientious individuals by purposefully reflecting on their experiences and actions.
The Geo-Inquiry project aims to encapsulate the National Geographic Learning Framework into action. It aims at development of critical thinking skills in students who will in turn be equipped to take action at local, regional, and global levels.
Learning Street a uniquely designed learning model to engage students, educators and parents in meaningful learning experiences and reflection. The learning engagements planned would lead to an in-depth understanding of plethora of topics both academic and contemporary.
Design and technological innovation stems from early engagement in hands- on experiences. TSRA aims at students being able to be independent thinkers, embracing problem solving and creating prototypes. A variety of activities and projects embedded with design thinking methodologies are developed to nurture free minds that think and create.
The Inner Dimension Programme
This is a comprehensive programme designed to cater to the food, nutrition, physical, spiritual, emotional and mental health aspects of a student. A well-balanced menu designed by the school’s nutritionist vouches for its delectable assortment, taste and nutritional value. At TSRA we strongly believe that a healthy body leads to a healthy mind.
From creating awareness to making healthy habits and fitness a way of life, the programme will work in educating all stakeholders working with the child through an array of activities and celebrations.


It is official: 28 Japanese workers once employed at U.S. military bases in Okinawa have been recognized as victims of asbestos exposure, according to Japan's Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry.
The workers became ill as a direct result of inhaling asbestos fibers while working at the U.S. military bases, according to an article in The Japan Times.
Because of the low cost, extreme durability, and fire-retardant nature of asbestos, it was a common additive to hundreds of construction products, many of which were routinely used in the building of U.S. military facilities and ships well into the 20th century. For this reason, American veterans and active service members face an increased risk of asbestos exposure and the deadly diseases it can cause.
At the U.S. military bases, the Japanese workers came in contact with asbestos through demolition of asbestos-containing buildings, the spraying of asbestos, disposing and collecting of waste, and the repair and manufacturing of asbestos-containing machines. One worker claimed they were not warned about potential asbestos hazards or given adequate safety gear, according to the article.
All of the 28 asbestos victims have developed lung cancer, asbestosis, or mesotheliomaa rare form of asbestos-related cancer. Of the 28 victims, 21 have died.
Mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases have a latency period of between 20 and 50 years, so there is understandable concern that in the future more of the Japanese who worked on the U.S. military facility in Okinawa may also become official asbestos victims.


In this lesson, you will learn about how living organisms maintain steady internal conditions through a series of mechanisms collectively called homeostasis. You will learn about the internal controls or feedback systems, structure of the neurons help maintain steady conditions and how a cell establishes a resting potential.
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to
- define homeostasis, feedback systems, receptor/sensor, integrator/control centre, effector, neurons, central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), axon, axon hillock, presynaptic terminal, postsynaptic terminal, glia cells and resting potential.
- explain how positive and negative feedback systems work and how they help maintain homeostasis in living organisms.
- describe the structure and roles of neurons and its types including: sensory neurons, interneuron, and motor neuron
- explain how a neuron establishing a resting potential using an artificial membrane and beaker compartments.
- describe how equilibrium potential (in mV) for K+ and Na+ ions are calculated using the Nernst Equation
Let’s start by examining the principles governing homeostasis and feedback system in the video lesson below. Once again watch this video lesson and take detailed notes
The second video lesson introduces the structures and processes of the Nervous system and how information in the form of electrical potential travel throughout the body. Please watch this video lesson, and take detailed notes.
Neuron Structure Activity.
Watch the animation below on the structure of a neuron and then write down all answers provided in your notebook.


As New. 8vo. xv, 422pp. Dark blue cloth w/gilt title to spine, housed in an illustrated jacket. Condition is impeccable both inside and out. Wendehorst explores the relationship between British Jewry and Zionism from 1936 to 1956, a crucial period in modern Jewish history encompassing both the shoah and the establishment of the State of Israel. The book argues that the trajectory of Zionism in British Jewry is best understood as a particularly complex, but not untypical, variant of the 19th and 20th centuries’ trend to re-imagine communities in a national key.
WENDEHORST, Stephan E. C., British Jewry, Zionism, and the Jewish State, 1936-1956 (Oxford Historical Monographs), Oxford University Press, 2012
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SKU: 034923 Category: Religion Tags: British, fascist, holocaust, Israel, jewery, Jewish, jewry, jury, Nazi, old, shoa, shoah, state, Studies, talmud, talmudic, testament, the, zion, zionism, zionist
AQUINAS, Thomas., Tomus Quintusdecimus. D. Thomae Aquinatis doctoris angelici in Matthaeum, Marcum, Lucam, et Ioannem. Catenam auream complectens, Ex sententiis Sanctorum Patrum, miro artificio connexam, quorum Catalogum & Chronologiam, versa pagina ostendit., Apud haeredes Antonij Bladij, & Ioannem Osmarinum Liliorum socios, 1570


The manuscripts that embodied the secrets of human destiny, the work of the sibyls or prophetesses of the ancient world. According to the historian Tacitus (ca. 55-120 C.E.), these books were first preserved in the Roman Capitol. When it burned down, the previous leaves were preserved and removed to the temple of Apollo Palatinus. Their subsequent fate is enshrouded in mystery, but it would seem that the Cumean books existed until 339 C.E. , when they were destroyed by the consul Stilikon.
Augustus sent three ambassadors—Paulus Gabinus, Marcus Otacillius, and Lucius Valerius—into Asia, Africa, and Italy to collect whatever could be discovered of the Sibylline Oracles in order to replace those that had been lost or burned.
The books are of two kinds: the books of the elder Sibyls, (that is, of the earlier Greek and Roman times) and those of the later Sibyls, which are falsified and disfigured with numerous interpolations. Of the latter, eight books in Greek and Latin are still said to exist.
Those preserved in Rome had been collected from various places, at various times, and contained predictions of future events couched in the most mysterious of symbolic languages. At first they were permitted to be read only by descendants of Apollo, then later by priests, until their care was entrusted to certain officials.


A Never Ageing Tradition
According to popular legend, tea was discovered by Chinese Emperor Shennong in 2737 BCE when a leaf from a nearby shrub fell into water the emperor was boiling. Tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of China. The beverage is considered one of the seven necessities of Chinese life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar.
The accepted history of the tea set begins in China during the Han Dynasty (206-220 B.C.). At this time, tea ware was made of porcelain and consisted of two styles: a Northern white porcelain and a southern light blue porcelain. It is important to understand that these ancient tea sets were not the creamer/sugar bowl companions we know today. An archaeological dig turned up an ancient kiln that contained the remnants of a Yixing teapot. They are named for a tiny city located in Jiangsu Province, where a specific compound of iron ore results in the unique colouration of these teapots. They were fired without a glaze and were used to steep specific types of ‘ool ong’ teas. Because of the porous nature of the clay, the teapot would gradually be tempered by using it for brewing one kind of tea. This seasoning was part of the reason to use Yixing teapots. In addition, artisans created fanciful pots incorporating animal shapes.
The Song Dynasty also produced exquisite ceramic teapots and tea bowls in glowing glazes of brown, black and blue. A bamboo whisk was employed to beat the tea into a frothy confection highly prized by the Chinese.
After hundreds of years the Chinese made the most beautiful the tea sets. There are numerous variations of designs of tea sets, it has art mixed with culture.


Subject Area: K-10 English
Author: Catherine Burman
This activity was conducted as a whole class activity over three lessons. The aim of the first lesson was focused on reviewing the organisation and structure of persuasive texts. As a whole class, students studied examples of persuasive writing and analysed each element of a persuasive text framework. Attention was placed on identifying arguments and how evidence drawn from personal experience and external sources is used to support these arguments. The teacher then modelled (with input from the students) how to plan a persuasive text using a concept map and then used a planner to organise the ideas and identify arguments to support the position taken. Students were then organised into pairs and choose one topic from a list of eight, of which one person in the pair took the affirmative position and the other the negative. The audience for their persuasive texts were their peers. Students then commenced planning their essay. The teacher assisted individual students. In the second lesson, students studied one example of a persuasive text specifically investigating how external evidence is used to support the arguments. The teacher modelled how to conduct an internet search for evidence and how to use the information found to support the argument. Students then finished planning their essay and were asked to identify three arguments that supported their position. They then reflected on reasons that could be used to back up the arguments. Students had access to the internet to conduct research for external evidence. The teacher assisted individual students. In the third lesson, students studied an example of persuasive text and analysed the language features specifically looking at the language used, maintaining cohesion and using persuasive devices. The teacher and students then reviewed a handout of a table of language features in persuasive texts and examples of how they are used. Students were able to refer to the table when writing their essays. Students then used their planning documents to write their essays. At the end, students proof read their essays to correct punctuation, spelling and grammar. The teacher assisted individual students. Students then submitted their essays for review.
Domain: English Strand: Writing Sub-strand: Language & Literacy – Draft a persuasive text, choosing text structures & language features appropriate to purpose and audience
Consolidation of prior learning
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A Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) is the highest degree level of achievement possible in one of many different academic fields. Many people who complete a doctoral program choose to go into research, teaching, or administration. It normally takes about three to four years to complete the doctoral degree although most people take longer if they are not full-time students. Many schools have a requirement that the degree must be completed within seven to eight years. Researchers conclude the fact that many doctoral students cannot finish up their research work due to lack of motivation.
There are several possible causes of lethargy that might creep into your learning experience, and some may appear to be beyond your control. Perhaps you've received some negative feedback from a tutor, or you just can't get your head around a complex topic. Motivation combined with smart work, patience and persistence is the key to success. Stay positive and determined on course toward your goal. Seek knowledge and solutions from positive and helpful people who are ready to share them. You will sustain the difficulties and grow to achieve success.
Motivation with enthusiasm and energy move us forward in life. When doctoral students need a boost of energy to help them pull through the tough phase of research work or thesis writing, small words of encouragement can be a saving grace. These small things can encourage students to stay focused on their long-term goals can improve their morale and general mood. While performing the Ph.D. research students often feel bogged down with seemingly mundane and routine activities and tasks. Constantly reading, writing papers, and studying for major exams can be a bit stressful. Social distractions such as friendships, romantic relationships and partying can also be huge distractions from achieving their dreams. A clear mind and clear goals are necessary to make it through the turbulent years of going through their research years.


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The alcohol ethylene glycol is a commonly used component of antifreeze, paints, polishes and cosmetics. It is a poison with a minimum lethal dose of approximately 100 cm3. The toxicity of ethylene glycol is due to its oxidation to oxalate, which humans cannot rapidly excrete. The oxidative steps produce excessive NADH resulting in lactate production (Figure 12.16). The oxalate and lactate can result in metabolic acidosis, while the organic acids produced by the breakdown of ethylene glycol inhibit a number of metabolic processes
including oxidative phosphorylation. The production of oxalate also results in its deposition as insoluble calcium oxalate in renal tubules and the brain. These biochemical events reduce the concentrations of hydrogen carbonate and Ca2+, but increase that of K+ in plasma. Crystals, blood and protein may all leak into the urine, giving rise to three distinct clinical phases. Within 30 min to 12 h, intoxication, nausea, vomiting, coma, convulsions, nystagmus, papilloedema, depressed reflexes, myclonic jerks, tetanic contractions and permanent optic atrophy may occur. In 12 to 23 h tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension, pulmonary edema and congestive cardiac failure may all present. In the following 24 to 72 h kidney damage with pain and acute renal tubular necrosis may feature. Death may occur within 24 h due to damage to the CNS, or between eight to 12 days due to renal failure.
Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning is to apply gastric lavage to reduce its absorption, combined with supportive therapies for the shock and respiratory distress. Administration of ethanol is standard since it competes effectively for the active site on alcohol dehydrogenase, inhibiting the metabolism of the absorbed ethylene glycol. Sodium hydrogen carbonate, administered intravenously, and calcium gluconate are used to correct the acidosis and hypocalcemia respectively. Dialysis is also used to remove ethylene glycol.
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The Australian Aborigines Could Easily Discover the Variability of Betelgeuse, and They Did Discover the Variability
Hamacher (2018) has recently put forth a popularized claim that the Australian Aborigines discovered the variability of the red supergiant Betelgeuse, as well as the variability of Aldebaran and Antares. The basis is that multiple tribal groups around Australia have long-standing lore about the red-star in what-we-now-call Orion that waxes and wanes in brightness, with this all transmitted as a morality tale. Other independent traditions are known for indicating the variability of Betelgeuse, Antares, and Aldebaran. This claimed prehistoric discovery of stellar variability runs up against various (spurious) biases within the historical communities, and there is also a healthy skeptical worry that inexperienced observers could not discover the variability. So I have made an independent assessment of the claim. I find that the claim is good, in that the Aborigines (and any other group in old times going back many thousands of years) could easily have discovered the variability. The essence is that inexperienced observers can readily note relative brightness changes down to 0.3 mag in size, while Betelgeuse (and the others) have excellent comparison stars, so Betelgeuse' variability from V=0.0 to V=1.3 is easy. Betelgeuse is one of the most prominent stars in the sky, and so will be seen often by Aborigines at night in the clear dark Outback skies. The discovery of variability would have started simply by many people at many times noting something like Betelgeuse being significantly brighter than nearby Procyon, while a few months earlier it was significantly fainter than Procyon, The Aborigines have a long proven track record of turning celestial observations into lore that gets passed along faithfully down many generations for thousands of years. This is all making the case that the Aborigines could discover the variability. The proof that the Aborigines did discover the variability is simply that they have documented lore from many tribes that unambiguously identifies the specific stars as waxing and waning.
American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #234
- Pub Date:
- June 2019


In 1994, Norwegian polar explorer Liv Arnesen was the first woman to ski solo and unsupported to the South Pole, a 50-day
expedition of 745 miles (1,200 km). She led the first unsupported women's crossing of the Greenland Ice Cap in 1992.
n February 2001 Liv Arnesen and American polar explorer Ann Bancroft became the first women in history to sail and ski
across Antarctica's landmass, completing a 94-day, 1,717-mile (2,747 km) trek. Since the Bancroft-Arnesen Expedition,
their inspirational story has helped spark Bancroft Arnesen Explore, designed to share their feats with audiences around
the globe. Beyond exploration, Arnesen has taught and coached students for more than 20 years and is involved in the
rehabilitation of drug abusers.
Arnesen's expeditions have been featured by the BBC, CNN, CTV, National Public Radio, NBC Nightly News and NBC's Today Show. She also has been featured in national print publications, such as People, USA Today, New York Times, Glamour, Outside, Sports Illustrated, Sports Illustrated, the Oprah Magazine, as well as more than 50 international newspapers worldwide. She is the author of several books leadership and polar exploration. She has been named among Glamour magazine's "Women of the Year" (2001); selected for the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame's "Trailblazer" award (2001); and recognized by the Russian Geographic Society with a "Diploma of Honor" (1999).


There are three broad categories of impacts that are associated with gambling: negative and positive. These impacts include the cost and benefits of gambling, as well as the health and well-being of individuals and communities. The financial impacts of gambling are the most obvious, and are often measured in terms of the costs and revenues of gambling. The societal impacts of gambling refer to the effect it has on a community or society. While the negative impacts of gambling are usually immediate, there are also long-term impacts.
Studies on the impact of gambling have revealed many benefits. It is commonly used as a form of self-soothing for those with unpleasant feelings. Additionally, it is a common activity that connects people from different backgrounds, such as social and ethnic groups. Ultimately, gambling can also help reduce boredom and increase social interaction. To avoid the negative effects of gambling, try exercising, spending time with friends who don’t gamble, or practicing relaxation techniques.
One of the most common forms of gambling is sports betting. This is when individuals participate in a pool of bets on a particular sporting event. You can even join pools for regulated events like horse racing. Whatever the situation, make sure you set limits for yourself and stick to them. Don’t drink alcohol while gambling. You should also limit your gambling time to one hour. But whatever you do, be sure to make sure it isn’t an addiction.


This project focuses on an innovative new research area for the synthesis of futuristic materials. We aim to create a sustainable society where materials are in harmony with the environment. Highly functional, environmentally friendly materials will be produced through processes with efficient use of energy and resources. This new approach will involve the fusion of organic molecules and inorganic substances.
Biomineralization is used to produce minerals found in nature and is an attractive strategy for materials synthesis. Sophisticated organic-inorganic hybrid materials, such as teeth, bones, seashells, and exoskeletons are produced by biomineralization and have excellent properties. Molecular control is key in this process, and biomolecules precisely control the crystallization of inorganic substances. In this project, environmentally friendly hybrid materials that are comparable to biotic materials will be synthesized by mimicking biomineralization.
We will also attempt to synthesize new materials that overcome the limitations of biotic materials. This will be realized by fusing functional inorganic materials with state-of-the-art organic materials, which will be developed by leading Japanese scientists in the fields of supramolecular, self-assembled molecular, and polymer chemistries.
Expertise from many scientific fields, including organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering will be used to create this new area of materials science.


Wisdom teeth are third molars situated at the back of the mouth that don't have enough room to emerge or develop normally. They are the last adult teeth to come out. Most people have four wisdom teeth, two each on the top and bottom jawbone.
Wisdom teeth will begin to emerge between the ages of 17 and 25, and they can erupt at different times for each patient. Sometimes, they can cause overcrowding for patients who have a more petite mouth. If there is not enough space in the mouth for the wisdom teeth to grow normally, they can get impacted in the gums, causing discomfort and pain. Such impacted teeth have to be removed at the earliest with professional help.
Impacted wisdom teeth can cause pain, damage to the neighboring teeth, and other dental issues. They are also prone to develop infections. In some people, impacted wisdom teeth may cause no discomfort or immediate problems. But they may be at an increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease. Dentists also recommend the removal of impacted wisdom teeth so that they wouldn't cause problems in the future.
There are many benefits to early extraction of wisdom teeth, such as:
Wisdom teeth extraction is relatively simple, and it usually takes about 45 minutes to complete. Local anesthesia is used to keep the patient calm and comfortable. The surgery involves cutting into the gum tissue to remove the wisdom teeth. If needed, the tooth is broken into smaller pieces and extracted one piece at a time. Stitches that will dissolve in a few days are done to close the opening. The area operated on is then packed with gauze pads to help stop the bleeding.
After the surgery, patients may experience some pain or sensitivity around the area, but this will disappear after a few days. The dentist will give post-surgery instructions and how to care for your mouth at home after the procedure. Painkillers and antibiotics may be prescribed for faster healing.
Call us at Shepherd Dental or schedule an online appointment to know more about wisdom teeth extractions.
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Metal injection molding (MIM) is an effective way to produce complex and precision-shaped parts from a variety of materials. It offers several advantages over die casting, investment casting, and machining in such applications as firearms components, medical jaws, turbochargers, and micro sized components. Component size can range from 0.0001 in.3 to 2.5 in.3.
In a surgical jaw application, the challenge was a 4-in. part with complex geometry. The jaw portion of a device had a large curve. To ensure the part maintained its shape during fabrication, it was clamped. According to a Phillips engineer, “Machined or die cast parts would be extremely hard to get this detail and come out with a rough texture because of the size. As a result, this customer chose MIM for its low cost options, excellent surface finish, tolerance requirements, and the complex features they couldn’t get with other processes.”
In another application, the design of a seat pressure regulator included irregular-shaped holes.
Phillips engineers chose metal injection molding due to a “D” shaped hole in the center of the part. The holes could be molded instead of machined, reducing costs. “This part was really suited for our process and equipment as the hole is something that is very hard to achieve with other metal processes, such as screw machining. And the extra steps that screw machining requires adds additional costs,” explained a Phillips process engineer.
In another medical application, the design goal was to consolidate four parts into one in an Oxygen regulator device used during surgery. The part, which contains the main body, a tube, and two screws, was consolidated into one metal injection molded part that also included molded in threads.
MIM can handle small, highly complex geometries; or parts requiring high strength and corrosion resistance. It is suitable in situations where part size or weight must be reduced. It can also be used to consolidate multiple components into a single design.
Production volumes can be a few to several thousand. And, parts display an excellent surface finish.
Filed Under: Design World articles, Die casting, Molding • injection molding components
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Six Sigma and Its Use in Analysis of Design and Manufacturing for Current and New Products and Processes
The strategy for the implementation of six sigma quality in current product manufacturing is quite different form the strategy of setting and achieving six sigma quality goals for new products. Half of the six sigma ratio, the product specifications, is usually fixed for current products, since the cost of altering them and retesting the product designs would be too prohibitive. Reaching six sigma for current products that were designed without a formal quality program is difficult, especially since the other half of the six sigma ratio, that of reducing variability, is the only option available. For new products, the opportunity to influence both sides of the six sigma ratio is much greater; hence, achieving six sigma is easier. This chapter will focus on achieving six sigma quality for both current and new products. The topics discussed in this chapter are:
1. Current product six sigma strategy. In Section 8.1, the strategy to attain six sigma for current products is developed by gradually using different tools as the manufacturing quality improves with time. Examples will be given in several manufacturing areas to demonstrate the evolution of quality in manufacturing.
2. Transitioning new product development to six sigma. In Section 8.2, the efforts required by the manufacturing and design teams to quantify the steps necessary to attain six sigma in new products are shown. Some of these efforts include process capability studies, whereas others are more qualitative and involve design guidelines for reducing defects in new designs
3. Determining six sigma quality in different design disciplines. Six sigma is a tool for both design and manufacturing. Previous chapters have shown how to determine six sigma from the product specifications and manufacturing variability, as well from manufacturing reject rates. In Section 8.3, designs from different disciplines will be analyzed for six sigma quality and their capability calculated with detailed examples.
4. Using six sigma quality for new product introduction. In Section 8.4, the use of six sigma to determine overall new product introduction strategy and the use of quality tools to help achieve six sigma quality and defect removal goals will be shown at the product and system levels.


For cows, a good scratch is as important as a good meal, researchers have found.
In a paper published in the journal Biology Letters, scientists led by Emilie McConnachie from Canada’s University of British Columbia report that cows are prepared to go to considerable effort to access a big spinning brush and then rub themselves up against it.
The scientists set up a three-pronged experiment to test bovine desire. Gated enclosures were set up, containing, variously, food, the spinning brush, or nothing. To enter each enclosure the cows had to push against the gate.
During several repetitions of the challenge, McConnachie and colleagues kept increasing the weight of the gate, meaning the cows had to go to greater effort and expend more energy to access the reward.
They found that animals pushed as hard in the quest to get to the scratcher as they did to reach the food.
“These results indicate that the automated mechanical brush is an important resource for cows,” the researchers conclude.
Originally published by Cosmos as Cow, meet brush
Curated content from the editorial staff at Cosmos Magazine.
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Alice In Wonderland
Alice in Wonderland research paper due and don't know how to start it? How about like this?
Lewis Carroll's classic novel, Alice in Wonderland, is considered a masterpiece of parody and satire. To the first time reader, exactly what the author is parodying and satirizing may remain unclear, but upon further examination Carroll's satirical intentions begin to emerge.
- Satire, by definition, is "the use of wit, irony or sarcasm to expose vice or folly". Throughout Alice in Wonderland Carroll uses satire to expose the "vice and folly" of the human condition, more specifically, the adult human condition.
- Parody is defined as a "humorous or satirical imitation". It can be argued that Alice is a parody on the experience of growing up.
Carroll wastes no time in introducing the first character in this strange, yet satirically familiar world. In the second paragraph of the book, as the youthful Alice passes the time lazily in a world of seemingly perpetual springtime, she sees the White Rabbit, a hurried and nervous figure who consults his pocket-watch and determines aloud that he is late. Clearly, the characters of Alice, the child, and White Rabbit, the adult, lie in stark contrast to one another. One has nothing to do but laze about and daydream, the other in a frenzied rush to be somewhere. The fact that Alice follows the rabbit is a simple ode to childish curiosity. The fact that she falls down a dark and deep hole could be symbolic of how children often get in over their heads when they give in to curiosity. However, once Alice realizes that she is not falling quickly, rather floating in a slow descent, she takes the time to closely examine and consider her new surroundings with impressive presence of mind. So, here we have a young girl, in the midst of complete chaos, using her reason, remaining calm and displaying a more mature sense than the supposedly elder rabbit. Alice's trip down the rabbit hole, though it only encompasses four pages, is a telling introduction to the novel's heroine and the beginning of a wild ride.


Chernobyl now is safe, after more than 30 years since that terrible nuclear disaster occurred on 26th of April 1986 that threw terror in half of Europe.
Yesterday, one year in advance, it has been placed the giant made of steel sarcophagus called "New Safe Confinement" on the ruins of the reactor no.4 of the nuclear plant.
Made of steel, it is 275 meters wide, 108 meters high and has a weight of about 36000 tons: today is the largest movable structure ever built by man and, for its realizations, have been required 10 years of design and 6 years of construction.
The armor have been built near the plant and was made "slip" on the reactor through a system of hydraulic jacks: the operation lasted two weeks because of the difficulty of steering operations.
It has the shape of an huge hangar and it is the result of donations which was attended by 40 countries including Italy. The structure, of course, will not allow the coming to the normal situation; however, thanks to it, in the next few years it will be able to remove the 200 tons of radioactive materials covered in a hurry by the first sarcophagus (made of cement and iron) and it will be able to segregate the reactor for other 100 years.
In the area of almost 2600 square kilometers around the reactor, uninhabited from the date of the disaster, the contamination levels are still high and, according to experts, will remain so for decades. The work, also thanks to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, will continue in the coming months to advance the remediation.
SEA has contributed with the supply of no.6 transformers with cast resin MV windings that are used for the electrical auxiliary systems of the armor:
- No. 2 1250 kVA with voltages of 6.6 / 0.4 kV
- No. 2 2000 kVA with voltages of 6.6 / 0.4 kV
- No. 2 2500 kVA with voltages of 6.6 / 0.4 kV
Once again the Italian technology has become the protagonist of a world-class project.


Landfill waste makes up a staggering portion of waste produced worldwide. From chip bags to detergent bottles, landfills are filling up at an alarming rate. The best way to combat this is to, of course, stop purchasing non-recyclable or non-compostable items. However, with so many common and essential items being produced using these materials, the best we can do is limit our consumption of single-use plastics.
Below is a brief list of landfill materials that often get put into recycling bins. Of course, being able to recycle a lot of different products doesn’t help if the recyclables don’t make it into the proper bin so, UCSB has developed an impressive recycling infrastructure to make sure everything gets to the right place. Visit our campus resources page to learn more about UCSB’s recycling infrastructure!
The following materials should be placed in black landfill bins.
- Plastic bags/film plastic
- Plastics #3 through #7
- Pet Waste
- PLA #7 compostable material
NOTE: Items made up of multiple recyclable materials are not recyclable. For example, a sheet of laminated paper is made up of paper and plastic but it is not recyclable, and should therefore go in the landfill bin.


This is STEP 1 in the Multi-media Art activity and lesson themed for St. Patrick’s Day. You can see the finished project here and find the other steps there as well. For Step One you will need: light weight white paper, green paint, paint brush, scissors, pencil and clear plastic wrap. GO HERE to see Original Post.
First have your child put paint all over the paper with the paint brush.
You can: talk about things that are green, play a game where you go back and forth trying to name as many green foods as you can or just enjoy your time together.
Second apply a layer of clear plastic over the wet paint.
Third have your child use their fingers to gently move the paint around under the plastic
Fourth gently peel up the plastic from the paint to reveal the Eric Carle Inspired design.
Fifth let this dry. (I used Crayola washable paints because it is easy clean up and fast dry.) While this is drying, on a separate sheet of paper draw out a shamrock that will go on your finished piece.
Sixth, trace your shamrock design onto your dry paint
Last, you or your child cut out the shamrock and hand it on the fridge to use in a later step in your St. Patrick’s Day Craft!
Go HERE to see your next step!
GO TO STEP 2
50 Best St. Patrick's Day Crafts for Kids - Raising Whasians
[…] Eric Carle Inspired Shamrock – Jenny at […]
25 Fun and Easy St. Patrick's Day Crafts for Kids | Mama's Mission
[…] Shamrock (Eric Carle Inspired) – Jenny at the Dapper House […]
Fun St. Patrick’s Day Crafts for Kids – Arts & Crafts
[…] Eric Carle Inspired Shamrock Art from Jenny at Dapperhouse […]
21 Easy Leprechaun and St Patricks Day Kid Crafts
[…] Here’s another smoosh painting for little ones to create! They’ll love making this Eric Carle-inspired shamrock art. […]
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A-E ratings on mid and end of year reports will be replaced by a 9-point visual scale
- A strong SA in Physical Sciences 3 or equivalent, and
- A strong background in mathematics, e.g. Level 3 mathematics, is highly recommended
- Further study or careers in physics, medical/health sciences and engineering technology.
- Please note Physics is a pre-requisite for many tertiary courses. Please check with each university for more information.
- To understand and apply the principles of Newtonian mechanics, including gravitational fields
- To apply the principles and theories of electricity and magnetism, including electric and magnetic fields
- To utilise the general principles of waves and extend this to wave particle duality in light
- To apply principles in atomic and nuclear physics and models of the nucleus and nuclear processes
- To further appreciate the role and impact of physics in society.
- Model collisions in two dimensions using conservation of momentum
- Practically investigate and model the physics within a DC electric motor
- Replicate and interpret Young’s double slit experiment
- Research practical applications of the theory of relativity.
- Wants to better understand the underlying physics within our world
- Would like to be able to make informed decisions about science issues in society and local community.


If you are not living under a stone, or practising some kind of media blackout, you must be aware that the month of June has been recognised as LGBTQ+ pride month. What you might not know is why as a society we picked June to commemorate the LGBTQ+'s fight for social equality and not some other month for that matter.
It was the 28th of June, 1969 that the New York police initiated a raid at the Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn, a hangout for members of the LGBTQ+ community. While raids of that kind were not uncommon during the 50s and the 60s in the United States, this particular one turned more violent than usual, and the people fought back. Patrons of the Inn were joined by customers of nearby gay and lesbian bars and by local residents and what started as another anti-gay police raid it is now known as the Stonewall riots – Fun fact, it took the NYPD 50 years to apologise for their conduct during the events of that day. The first gay pride parades were organised the following year to commemorate the event.
The yearly parades became the storefront of the Gay Liberation movement that was an early attempt to promote the cause of equal rights for LGBTQ+ community. The whole movement evolved through the years to the current LGBTQ+ social movement which focuses on social equality issues that sadly still plague our societies.
twelvesec is proud to stand side by side with anyone promoting equal human rights for all! We will be donating to both Amnesty International and to the Human Rights Watch to help promote equality worldwide!
Wow! Very interesting


Challenges to Security, Livelihoods, and Gender Justice in South Sudan: The situation of Dinka agro-pastoralist communities in Lakes and Warrap States
In South Sudan, widespread euphoria following independence in July 2011 has given way to disappointment that expected peace dividends have not materialised. Many South Sudanese are experiencing insecurity, a lack of access to basic services, and increasing inequalities. Pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities in remote border areas are particularly affected by insecurity and by a lack of social services, and women are particularly marginalised. This report is the result of Oxfam research to enable the needs and views of conflict-affected communities to be voiced, heard, and addressed, particularly in relation to security and livelihoods and with an emphasis on women’s participation. It focuses on the security concerns expressed by the communities themselves: conflict within and between communities, cattle raiding, and violence against women.
How to cite this resource
Citation styles vary so we recommend you check what is appropriate for your context. You may choose to cite Oxfam resources as follows:
Author(s)/Editor(s). (Year of publication). Title and sub-title. Place of publication: name of publisher. DOI (where available). URL
Our FAQs page has some examples of this approach.


From Screen Time to Green Time: How to mitigate pandemic screen overuse by getting kids outside
Access to nature is a critical part of children’s development. But now more than ever, screens have displaced children’s play outside, especially during the pandemic. How can we transform their screen time into green time?
This moving Action Network Live! event invites educators, advocates, professionals, and families to discover the importance of getting children of all ages outside. Our featured guests, author and expert Richard Louv of Children & Nature Network, José González of Latino Outdoors, and Sharon Danks of Green Schoolyards, offer practical advice for working with school districts, legislators, and family support organizations to promote equitable access to outdoor play in rural, suburban, and urban spaces. They address questions about safety, academic learning, mental health, and more, leaving us all with the inspiration to go green (with fewer screens)!
Richard Louv is a journalist and author of ten books, including Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder, The Nature Principle, Vitamin N, and Our Wild Calling: How Connecting with Animals Can Transform Our Lives — and Save Theirs. He is co-founder and chair emeritus of the nonprofit Children & Nature Network, which supports a new nature movement.
José González is the founder and director emeritus of Latino Outdoors, a non-profit that connects and engages Latinx communities in the outdoors. He is an experienced educator as a K-12 public education teacher, environmental education advisor, outdoor education instructor and coordinator, and university adjunct faculty. As a Partner in the Avarna Group and through his own consulting, his work focuses on Equity & Inclusion frameworks and practices in the environmental, outdoor, and conservation fields. He is also an illustrator, poet, and science communicator.
Environmental city planner Sharon Danks is the Founder and Executive Director of Green Schoolyards America. An accomplished schoolyard designer, researcher and speaker, Sharon has traveled the world to study hundreds of school grounds and share best practices. She is the author of "Asphalt to Ecosystems: Design Ideas for Schoolyard Transformation" and co-founder of the International School Grounds Alliance and Bay Tree Design.
Like this resource? Then join us! Become a member of the Children's Screen Time Action Network. Membership is free.


The text of the treaty, preserved in the Kiev chronicles, lists the individuals who signed on behalf of the Russian side. Many of them had Scandinavian names such as Karli, Ingelot, Farlov, Vermud, Rulav, Gudi, Ruald, Karn, Frelav, Ruar, Aktievu, Truan, Lid, and Ulfost. In the text, the Old Russian state was represented as Gardariki and denoted by the major cities: Kiev, Chernigov, Pereyaslav, Polotsk, Rostov, and Lyubech.
The text of the treaty is given by the Tale of Bygone Years as follows:
«When the Russians come, let them take as much support for their envoys as they want; and if merchants come, let them take monthly supplies for 6 months: bread, wine, meat, fish, and fruit. And let them arrange a bath for them – as much as they want. And when the Russians leave for home, let them take from the king food, anchors, ropes, sails, and whatever they need».
«If the Russians come not for trade, then let them not take monthly supplies; let the Russian prince prohibit his people who come here from committing lawlessness in our villages and in our country. Let the Russians who come here live at the Church of St. Mamont, and let from our kingdom send to them and record their names, and then they will take what is due to them – first those who came from Kiev, then from Chernigov, and from Pereyaslavl, and from other cities. And let them enter the city only through one gate, accompanied by the royal man, unarmed, in groups of 50, and trade as much as they need without paying any taxes».Tale of Bygone Years
A few years later, Prince Oleg the Wise sent envoys to Byzantium to confirm the previously concluded peace, and as a result, the treaty of 911 was signed.


The most comprehensive reference guide to mammal tracks and sign for North America. This new edition is more visual, with more than 1300 photos and 450 illustrations for easy comparison and identification of similar sign. Each species account includes information on tracks and trails, scat and urine, nests and lodges, as well as sign on the ground, in trees and shrubs, on fungi and on plants.
How to find, identify, measure, and interpret the clues mammals leave behind–explained and illustrated like never before. Includes essays that contextualize tracking as a developing science continually garnering more interest and participation; included also are instructive anecdotes from the author’s work as a tracker and wildlife expert. An invaluable resource for beginning or professional trackers and wildlife enthusiasts in all North American locations. Winner of the 2019 National Outdoor Book Award for Outdoor Classic Books.
About the Authors
Dr. Mark Elbroch is a recognized expert on wildlife tracking. A Master Tracker certified by CyberTracker Conservation, he is Director of the Puma Program for Panthera. Mark’s work with mountain lions has been featured on BBC and in National Geographic, Scientific American, and the New York Times. He has authored and coauthored ten books on wildlife tracking and natural history and has won the National Outdoor Book Award for his field guides, including the first edition of Mammal Tracks & Sign. He is a regular contributor to National Geographic’s News Blog and a regular guest on NPR. He lives on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Mark is a Kamana Naturalist Training Program graduate and is a guest instructor for the Tracking Intensive.
Casey McFarland is a Senior Tracker certified by CyberTracker Conservation and a Senior CyberTracker Evaluator. He works internationally to train and certify biologists, research teams, and the public and runs courses on track and sign identification throughout the world. His is coauthor of Bird Feathers (Stackpole, 2010) and Peterson Field Guide to North American Bird Nests (still to be released). He lives in Cedar Crest, New Mexico. Casey is a former The Immersion at Wilderness Awareness School instructor and a current Evaluator for the Tracking Intensive.


Before The Mountains
Psalm 90:2 (ESV) -- Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God.
There are attributes of God Christians tend to focus on more than others. It may be because we enjoy particular attributes because they speak to our lives. It could be because some are more difficult to understand. We love the attributes of God’s grace, love, faithfulness, and others because they highlight God’s character in saving us. But we neglect doctrines like the aseity, simplicity, and eternity of God because they are more difficult to grasp.
Our passage today teaches us about one of those more difficult attributes of God. The psalmist writes, “Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God.” This Scripture highlights the eternity of God.
The psalmist writes that “before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world…” He is speaking of creation. Before the creation of the world and everything in it. There was a time before anything material in the universe existed. The psalmist says that before creation, “from everlasting to everlasting you are God.” God was always there. Before the creation existed, God existed.
God is from everlasting to everlasting. This means God’s existence reaches back into infinity. There was never a time when God ceased to exist. He never came into being. He is from everlasting to everlasting. Reflecting on this truth is mind-blowing. Who made God? Nobody. God is self-existent. He’s just always been. I don’t even know how to process that reality. This means the truest thing about reality is the existence of God. He predates everything. He is the ultimate reality.
Reflection & Journal:
- Why is the eternity of God an important doctrine?
- What does it mean that God is from everlasting to everlasting?
- How does this doctrine encourage us as Christians?
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Environmental Geoscience Major
Help an expanding population live on a finite Earth.
Human population is growing at a rapid rate today. Undesirable disruptions of natural systems have resulted from increasing demand for natural resources and places to live and work. Environmental geoscientists work to restore natural systems and solve problems before they occur. They also work to protect people from natural hazards including floods, landslides and other catastrophic events.
- Program type:
- On Campus or Online
- Est. time to complete:
- 4 years
- Credit hours:
Why earn an environmental geoscience major?
Environmental Geoscience Major at UND
Gain access to extensive resources, including cutting-edge equipment at the Environmental Analytical Research Laboratory. It has electron microprobe and X-ray fluorescence equipment. It is largest geoscience laboratory in the upper Midwest.
Join student groups, including the Association of Undergraduate Geologists and Environmental Restoration club, for networking, field trips and more.
Small classes with outstanding instructors ensure engaging and successful learning.
Let our team of academic advisors help you plan your major. You'll also have access to personalized Degree Map software to keep you on track to graduate in four years.
Raise your grades by getting free academic support at UND. We offer individual tutoring sessions, along with specialized writing and math support programs.
Get hired! At UND, you'll receive help perfecting your resume, practice interviewing, and learn effective job-hunting strategies.
What can I do with an environmental geoscience major?
Environmental Geoscience Major Courses
Leaders that Do
Students use their skills to investigate the legendary bootleggers' tunnel in East Grand Forks, MN.