Australian scientist ‘Perron Ross’, who is doing research on dengue, gets himself bitten by 5000 mosquitoes daily.
Perron is doing research against dengue fever. Perron says that female mosquitoes do the work of biting humans and spreading disease. By controlling these, the disease like dengue can be prevented from growing.
Not only this, Perroninjected the Wolbachia bacteria into mosquito eggs to prevent dengue. He says that, when they grow as female mosquitoes from bacteria-infected eggs, they are not able to spread dengue.
Also Read : Computer Typing Vs Hand-Writing : Lets see which is Better for Children’s
The dengue virus does not increase its numbers in these mosquitoes. Therefore dengue is not spread by the bite of these mosquitoes.
“These Aedes aegypti infected with bacteria breed female mosquitoes in the lab and increase their numbers,”Perron says.
When they are fully developed, he let the mosquitoes bite him. This helps to know whether they are capable of preventing dengue.
According to Perron, he feeds 250 female mosquitoes at one time. After feeding, they transfer them to another group. He says that when sitting for 1 to 2 hours with about thousands of mosquitoes on hands, the hands become slightly warm.
Earlier this experiment was done to reduce the cases of dengue in Indonesia. Where mosquitoes specifically injected bacteria that prevent the spread of dengue virus. These mosquitoes were released into the open. Later research revealed that dengue cases decreased by 77 percent.
Dengue virus causes fever and body aches after infection. According to the World Health Organization, the dengue virus infects 400 million people every year and 25 thousand people die from it. According to the World Health Organization, dengue cases have increased up to 30 times in the last 50 years.
Maharashtra vaccinates over 10.96 lakh people against COVID-19 in a single day
Maharashtra: 80% of the samples received were tested positive for the delta variant
Pune – Lonavala local train to resume soon for vaccinated passengers.


The most prevalent myth is that root canal therapy is associated with significant pain. While in the past, the experience may have been rather unpleasant, that is no longer the case. Modern instruments and techniques, in combination with highly effective anesthetics, help to make this procedure no more painful than having a cavity filled. In fact, because the treatment is provided to address a problem like an abscess or infection that is actually causing pain for the patient, it is likely to make you feel better rather than worse.
Another persistent myth is that you can just have the tooth extracted in order to avoid the more invasive treatment. While this is technically true, it is always preferred to save a biological tooth whenever possible. Your dentist may only want to provide an extraction as an absolute last resort.
Some patients may also have misinformation about root canal treatment causing other diseases elsewhere in the body. This is a very outdated belief that has no scientific evidence supporting it.
It may also be helpful for you to understand the procedure itself. The dentist will numb the area with a local anesthetic and may offer sedation to help the patient relax more. After the anesthetic has taken effect, the dentist will drill a small hole in the tooth to access the root canal chamber. Then, the diseased pulp tissue is removed from that chamber, which is subsequently cleaned and filled with an inert rubber-like substance to prevent bacteria from invading the area again. The procedure is usually completed in about a half-hour to an hour, although more complex procedures may take a little longer.
Has a root canal been recommended for you? Is this proposed course of treatment making you anxious? Talk to our dentist to get the facts and dispel any myths or misconceptions you may have about this procedure.
Contact the office of Barry H. Buchanan, DDS, today!


What are Camera Systems used for?
Camera systems are used for remote crop growth monitoring and modelling - of fruit size, plant development, and growth. They are also used for yield forecasting to assist with harvest logistics.
Powered by a solar panel and a battery, a self-sufficient camera system with integrated electronics (camera, modem, power source with solar panel) can be installed wherever necessary. A 10 MP camera takes high-resolution pictures of your field, crop or fruit.
Images are sent via mobile network to the ‘cloud’ where they are analysed with automatic detection of fruit. The results are then visible on web or mobile devices.
How does the SuniTAFE SMART Farm use the Camera System?
During our training and farm operations at the SuniTAFE SMART Farm, we use this device for citrus fruits. We can see a photo and the measurements of fruit diameters and, since control is ‘real-time’, the collected data can be used for further analysis.
The results aid our logistics in terms of harvest labour and resource needs, as we have an indication of yield and maturity (based on colour). This year (2022) will be the first season for its use in our orange grove.
Our courses in Horticulture and Agriculture now use the Camera System as we transition to SMART farming.
Interested in a career in Horticulture and Agriculture? Find a course that’s right for you click here.


Following years of steadily decreasing traffic-related deaths in Connecticut and across the country, the numbers were up by nearly 10 percent during the first nine months of 2015, according to a report issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Failing to wear seat belts and drunk driving were some of the factors leading to the increased rates.
The report found that between January and September of 2015, there were about 26,000 crash-related fatalities, an amount that reflects more than 2,200 more than those that occurred in the first nine months of 2014. Of those deaths, 20 percent occurred in the northwestern part of the U.S., about 15 percent in the southeastern states and 2 percent within the south central and mid-Atlantic region.
Prior to 2015, crash-related fatalities on the nation’s highways had been consistently declining. For instance, from 2000 to 2014, there was a decline of more than 20 percent in traffic deaths. The agency has found that nearly 95 percent of highway fatalities are due to human factors. To help remedy this national problem, NHTSA representatives stated that the agency is examining human choices and hazardous behaviors related to the increased traffic fatalities via regularly held summits throughout the country. Its goal is to increase driving safety by altering the behavioral habits that lead to fatal highway crashes.
Many people who lose a loved one due to a car accident undergo emotional, physical and financial difficulties as they try to cope with their loss. In a case where the actions of a negligent driver caused the fatal crash, the survivors might want to meet with an attorney in order to explore their remedies.
Source: Insurance Journal, “U.S. Traffic Deaths Up 9%”, Feb. 10, 2016


Views: 1 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2020-06-17 Origin: Site
In the slitting process, it can be roughly divided into three methods: flat knife slitting, round knife slitting, and extrusion slitting.
Flat knife slitting
Just like a razor, a single-sided blade or a double-sided blade is fixed on a fixed knife holder, and the knife is dropped during the operation of the data, so that the knife cuts the material longitudinally to achieve the purpose of slitting.
There are two methods for razor slitting:
One is slitting and slitting; the other is dangling slitting.
Groove slitting is when the material is running on the sipe roller, the cutter is dropped in the groove of the sipe roller, and the data is cut longitudinally. At this moment, the data has a certain wrap angle in the sipe roller, and it is not easy to drift. When slitting the cast PP film or the film with narrow edge material, this slitting method is commonly used to increase the slitting power. But with regard to dangling slitting, its shortcoming is the inconvenience of knife comparison.
Hanging slitting is when the data passes between the two rollers, the razor falls and cuts the data longitudinally. At this moment, the data is in a relatively unstable state, so the slitting accuracy is slightly worse than the die slitting, but this method of slitting Convenient tool setting and convenient operation.
Flat cutter cutting is mainly suitable for cutting very thin plastic films and composite films.


Autori: Bernarda Djekic
Ustanova zaposlenja: SLOVENIA
Ključne riječi: rhythm disorder, pacing, temporary pacing, nursing care
Kongres/Simpozij: ”5. Međunarodni kongres HDMSARIST-a” i ”8. Međunarodni kongres WFCCN-a”
Mjesto i vrijeme održavanja: Šibenik, 12.-15. travnja 2012. godine
Background: Currently, many types of heart rhythm disorders are known, which can be more or less dangerous to the patients. If not treated properly, those rhythms could cause severe hemodynamic disorders or even life threatening situation for the patient.
AIM: The purpose to do the review is to present the reasons and indications for temporary pacemaker implantation from theoretical point of view, describe different types of electrical stimulation of the heart, new methods and functions of implantable pacemakers and highlight the importance of nursing care and hemodynamic monitoring of patients with rhythm disorder.
Method: The descriptive method was used along with review of the available professional and scientific literature.
Implication for practice: Temporary pacemakers as one of the many types of electrical stimulations of the heart are used more frequently in intensive care units as well as in emergency medicine. This type of heart stimulation allows us to save the lives of many patients, particularly those with bradycardic heart rhythm, which may impair the hemodynamics and, if not treated properly, may lead to life threatening rhythm disorders. Knowledge of different theories and theoretical models of nursing care is prerequisite for individual, systematic and holistic approach to patient. Based on the life activities according to Virginia Henderson teoretical model nursing care after the insertion temporary pacemaker is described in this article. Most common standard nursing diagnoses are carried out. Therefore, education of nurses is of essential importance in allowing them to help the patients and provide high-quality nursing care. Only knowledge and experience enables us to be professional in our work and gain the patient’s trust, which is the key of importance for a successful outcome of treatment and quality care.


Oh no, Florida has a native blood-sucking kissing bug? Tell me it isn’t so! Hide the children and hide the pets, grab the bug spray and install the bed nets! That’s probably what you’re thinking…Right? Well, it’s not quite that bad.
Although it’s true, we do have the Eastern Blood-sucking Conenose (Triatoma sanguisuga) in Florida, it doesn’t possess the health concern as its cousins south of the border.
Its cousin, commonly called Vinchuca (Triatoma infestans), is found in Central and South America and is the vector of the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite known as Chagas Disease. There are a few other blood-sucking kissing bugs that carry the disease down that way, but Vinchuca is the main culprit.
Eastern Blood-sucking Conenose Kissing Bugs naturally live outdoors and hide in dark crevices during the day. At night, they emerge in search of a blood meal from raccoons, possums, dogs, cattle, deer, or other mammals. If they enter a house, they seek out dark crevices such as cracks around doors and floors. They’ll even hide behind curtains…Any small dark area will do.
You’re probably wondering how they got the name Kissing Bug. When they emerge to seek out a blood meal from a sleeping person, they will usually feed on the face typically near the mouth. Hence the name Kissing Bug. Is this freaking you out yet?!
If you’re all worried now about Blood-sucking Conenose Kissing Bugs infesting your home, fear not. You have a much better chance of getting a Bed Bug infestation. Although Florida does have these insidious creatures, home infestations are quite rare. Now, that should make you feel much better!


The Issue of Searches and Seizures Research Paper
As the issue of searches and seizures has raised some important questions regarding privacy and citizens rights under the Fourth Amendment, it is crucial to review its characteristics. It was found that reasonableness of privacy expectations is the focal point that determines whether searches and seizures can be performed.
The topic of searches and seizures has been one of the most debated due to the inconsistencies in the expectations of privacy. Due to such inconsistencies, it is important to study the topic in greater detail with an objective to identify in which cases searches and seizures are reasonable and in which cases they are not.
The will serve as a guideline for the literature review regarding the key areas to be covered in the paper:
In what cases searches and seizures are considered reasonable?
One of the most fundamental rights American citizens possess is the ability not to have illegal searches and seizures, as laid out in the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. Under the Amendment, a citizen is secure in his or her right to property against unreasonable seizures and searches (Brady, 2016). The unreasonable component of the definition is the most important in this context since there may be reasonable searches and seizures (depending on whether a potential offender had a right to expect privacy) (Find Law, 2017).
The expectation of privacy is not obsolete, rather, it is determined by reasonableness (Kenneally, 2016); n individuals effort to exclude the access of others from property strongly indicates ones expectation of privacy. However, judges usually assess the reasonableness of ones expectation of privacy on the basis of their own experiences, which causes inconsistencies in how citizens perceive privacy versus how the law is treating them (Fogel, 2014).
Findings and Discussion
The primary issue regarding searches and seizures is associated with an individuals reasonable expectations of privacy that are being determined depending on the circumstances. When it comes to the reasonableness of such expectations, an individual whose vehicle was stopped by a police officer for a traffic violation cannot reasonably expect privacy since a breach took place. If the officer has some suspicions and conducts a search, the court will deem this search and possible seizures as reasonable.


What Is Eucalyptus?
Eucalyptus is a genus of evergreen trees that are native to Australia, but have been grown in many other countries as well. The leaves of this tree contain essential oils that are used for their healing properties. There are over 700 species of eucalyptus, with some growing up to 90 feet tall and others only 8 feet tall. The most common eucalyptus varieties include the silver dollar gum, lemon-scented gum, and blue mountain gum. In addition to its medicinal benefits, eucalyptus is often used as an ornamental tree or shrub in landscaping due to its attractive foliage and fragrant aroma.
Is Eucalyptus Safe For Cats?
The answer to this question depends upon which parts of the eucalyptus plant a cat is exposed to. While there has not been any research done on cats specifically regarding exposure to various parts of the eucalyptus plant, it can be assumed that certain parts may be toxic if ingested by cats due to their sensitivity and small size compared with humans or other animals. Therefore it’s best not to allow your cat access or exposure at all if possible when dealing with any part of a eucalytpuplant – even dried leaves used for making tea should be kept away from pets because they can still contain trace amounts of toxins that could affect them negatively if consumed in large quantities. Some essential oils made from different typesofeuchalaptuplantshavebeenusedinmedicinalandaromatherapypurposesforhumansbutagaincouldlikelybe dangerousforthecatiftheyingestitorabsorbtoomuchthroughtheirfurorskin–soavoidusingtheseoilsaroundyourpetaswelljusttocoverallbasesandsafeguardthemagainstanyillnesscausedbytheoil itselforadversereactionstosmellingittoooftenorthroughprolongedexposure!
In conclusion, while there has not been much research done specifically about how cats respond differently than humans when exposed tp various parts fo the euclaytpuplant – such as leaves bark oil etc., it’s best err on the side fo caution ad keep your pet away from these plants altogether just incase teyreare potentially dangerous for them based off what we know about hteir general sensitivy towards certain things adn their smaller physical size compated too us humnas


By Erika Mancilla LMFT
In the 1930’s, scientist Hans Selye, coined the word “stress” to describe “a nonspecific response to the body to any demand”. In current times, stress is often defined as “a feeling of being tense, overwhelmed, worn out, or exhausted”. Everyone experiences varying degrees of stress at some time or another.
Acute stress and chronic stress are two types of stress most individuals might have experienced at some point in their life. Acute stress is brief, but intense. It can be detailed as the everyday stress we might feel when encountering heavy traffic on the way to work, studying for an exam, or even asking someone out on a date. On the other hand, chronic stress relates to stress that is long-lasting. These symptoms might not be intense at the moment, but the long-term effects are severe. Examples of chronic stress include unhealthy relationships, traumatic experiences, or other environmental factors.
There is no specific method to eliminate stress, but here are a few strategies that may be helpful:Writing thoughts and feelings in a journal Listening to music Eating a healthy meal Getting your body movingPracticing mindfulness exercisesTaking some deep breathsSpending time with family or friendsReadingSetting boundaries with others Getting enough sleep
Although, some go to strategies have been provided to possibly manage stress please seek mental health services from a professional when stress becomes unmanageable, and it is impacting your overall functioning.
Therapy for Teens by Kevin Gruzewski, CTRS


Library of Congress lends more than books
By Blake Swan
When some people go to Washington, D.C. they go to see the Capitol building, housing our legislative branch of government; or to the National Archives to see the founding documents of our democracy.
Instead I went to the library. It wasn’t just any library, it was the Library of Congress, our de facto national library and the largest in the world.
I didn’t go to the Library just because, I went to see all of the amazing treasures displayed within. Upon entering, there is a security checkpoint, of course, and then guests are given a map and are free to wander most of the colossal building.
Among books on display is the personal library of the third President of the United States and author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson. After the British burned most of the original Library’s collection in 1814, Jefferson offered his personal library as a replacement and Congress purchased it from him. Today it is on display in a large glass bookshelf that allows visitors to inspect each book closely.
Also on display are American classics such as “Huckleberry Finn,” “To Kill a Mockingbird,” and “The Jungle.” Rare pieces in the Library include the Gutenberg Bible, one of three perfect copies on vellum that still exist, and the Library’s oldest piece of writing, a cuneiform tabletancient script from mesopotamia from 2040 B.C.
I visited the National Museum of American History and I think that the Library is more interesting and can also teach one more about America.


“Variable control allows external conditions, like temperature, to be monitored so the controller can activate devices to heat or cool the system as needed. Simulate a temp controller with low-cost components!
Electrical loads like DC and AC motors and solenoid-based actuators are basic electromechanical components that can provide rotational or linear motion for industrial machines.
In this project article, you will learn how a solid-state relay (SSR) can assist in operating such electromechanical actuators by building and programming a temperature controller simulator using an Arduino and OpenPLC.
Additionally, we will explore the operation of the Greater-Than-Or-Equal-To comparison function block in the OpenPLC software.
Controlling Load Circuits With Relays
Industrial controllers like PLCs and remote I/O modules cannot drive electromechanical loads like motors or solenoids because of the high currents needed to operate them. The electromechanical relay is designed to operate where a low-current drive signal is transformed to switch high-current devices using such a switching component.
The controller has the necessary driver circuit to energize the electromechanical relay, allowing its contacts to operate appropriately. The relay contacts are rated for the electrical load operated with the required switching current flowing through them.
Although an electromechanical relay can switch the attached electrical load several thousands of times, eventually, the contacts begin to wear out. The SSR does not have physical electrical contacts to wear out. As the name implies, the SSR uses an internal electronic circuit to detect a control signal from an I/O module and turn on the solid-state switching component. Figure 1 illustrates a simple view of an SSR internal circuit.”


National Compliment Day in USA
National Compliment Day in USA is held on January 24. This event in the third decade of the month January is annual. Help us
Kathy Chamberlin of Hopkinton, NH and Debby Hoffman of Concord, NH created National Compliment Day in 1998. In the global initiative to create the most positive day in the world, World Compliment Day is celebrated every March 1 to spread joy through simple verbal affirmations of appreciation.
On this day, take the time to give someone a genuine, pure hearted compliment. Compliments also build trust between people.
While it is usually easy for us to find compliments for those that we like, it can be more challenging to compliment someone that we can barely tolerate. On this day, find a compliment for them today as well. If you just cannot possibly find a compliment for them, then it is best not to say anything. Does this sound like something your mom would say? There is no limit on how many compliments to give today but a common suggestion is at least five compliments to five different people.
Similar holidays and events, festivals and interesting facts
Handwriting Day on January 23 (The day was basically started by the Writing Instrument Manufacturers Association in 1977);
International Day of Education on January 24 (3 December 2018 A/RES/73/25. Education is key to sustainable development);
Opposite Day on January 25 (is particularly popular among children, who enjoy the kind of absurdity that can happen when everything you say is backwards)


- Research Programs
- Regions & Topics
- All Publications
A nation must think before it acts.
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the end of the First World War. Why did Germany lose the war? What role did the US play in winning the war? How did the war's ending lead to an even greater conflict a generation later? To answer these questions and more, we are pleased to feature a lecture by FPRI Senior Fellow John Maurer, the Alfred Thayer Mahan Distinguished Professor of Grand Strategy, US Naval War College. For eight years, he chaired the Strategy Dept. at the Naval War College. In recognition for his contribution to professional military education, he has received both the U.S. Navy’s Meritorious Civilian Service Award and Superior Civilian Service Award.
In addition to being a Senior Fellow in FPRI's Program on National Security, Maurer sits on the Board of Editors for FPRI’s journal, Orbis. He is the author or editor of books examining the WWI, military interventions in the developing world, and naval arms control between the two world wars, including The Outbreak of the First World War.
123 S. Broad St, Suite 1920
Philadelphia. PA. US. 19109


You’ve ended up here as you’re wondering whether mountain lions still exist as you haven’t seen or heard anything recently.
Well, you’ll be glad to hear that the mountain lion currently is in the “least concern” category, meaning they are quite safe for now even, though their population is in decline.
Why Are Mountain Lions Endangered?
Similar to most other animals this is down to the constantly changing environment.
Mountain lions are having their habitat restricted more each day thanks to deforestation and urbanization of areas.
Other factors are contributing to their demise, there are multiple causes for their deaths such as car collisions, hunters and surprisingly one of the biggest causes is interbreeding.
Due to the lacking population numbers and reduction in natural habitat, inbred cats are becoming alarmingly common.
Are Mountain Lions Endangered in California?
The population of mountain lions in California is of the least concern and their population is actually relatively large compared to other areas across the globe, with their numbers remaining stable in the state.
How Many Mountain Lions In California?
In 1996 there was estimated to be somewhere between 4,000 and 6,000 mountain lions in California but there’s no scientific data to be able to back those numbers up.
Currently, there is an on-going research project by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife to try and get a more accurate number of the population.
How Many Mountain Lions In The USA?
There’s estimated to be approximately 30,000 cougars in the USA.
Why Did The Eastern Cougar Go Extinct?
Since the colonization of the USA began back in the 16th century the eastern cougar was always in danger. This was due to people beginning to hunt for deer, which was the main prey for the cougar.
Alongside the decline in available food for the animal, people also began trying to wipe out the cougar population to protect their land and animals.
Due to the settlers being ruthless with their hunting the eastern cougar is thought to have become extinct close to 100 years ago but it was only officially recognized like this in March 2011.


- About the Initiative
- Topical Index of Curriculum Units
- View Topical Index of Curriculum Units
- Search Curricular Resources
- View Volumes of Curriculum Units from National Seminars
- Find Curriculum Units Written in Seminars Led by Yale Faculty
- Find Curriculum Units Written by Teachers in National Seminars
- Browse Curriculum Units Developed in Teachers Institutes
- On Common Ground
- League of Institutes
- Video Programs
Have a suggestion to improve this page?
To leave a general comment about our Web site, please click here
Math by Design; Creating Innovators in a Post-Pandemic ClassroombyChristianna C. Loza
Data can illustrate a deeper story; however, making sense of data through analysis requires data literacy. Analyzing information to make health decisions is a high-level task with added pressure when the decision could potentially harm the health of oneself and our community. Numeracy for analyzing data is becoming increasingly important. The ability to discern the misinformation that quickly spreads could be life-saving measures and imperative literacy skills to include in k12 education. This unit will serve as a student-centered classroom approach to building awareness of public health, biotechnology, and data literacy while modeling the design thinking process to show students the value of their ideas for solving solutions in our communities and beyond. Students will use math to tell a story across our history of how public health has changed the globe, what technologies drove that advancement, and what factors might be holding communities back. Students will empathize with this information and start to prototype their ideas while also emphasizing that all good ideas are generated through slow hunches, inter-disciplines, and collaborative efforts.
(Developed for Mathematics, grade 7; recommended for Mathematics, grade 7)


Guidelines for RNA Purification from Plants
- Fresh or frozen plant tissue can be processed with the Monarch Total RNA Miniprep Kit (NEB T#2010).
- Use an appropriate amount of starting material.The maximum input for plant tissue is 100 mg. Using too much sample may reduce lysis efficiency, introduce excessive amounts of cellular components other than RNA, and compromise RNA binding to the RNA Purification Column.
- Frozen and fresh tissue can be pulverized into a powder using a mortar and pestle. The mortar and pestle are pre-chilled on dry ice and liquid nitrogen is poured into the mortar to snap freeze the sample while pulverizing. Keep pulverized powders frozen until mixed with Monarch DNA/RNA Protection Reagent (NEB #T2011). Samples can then be lysed/homogenized by bead homogenization.
- Keep frozen samples frozen until mixed with DNA/RNA Protection Reagent. After addition of Protection Reagent, it is important to proceed immediately to mechanical lysis (e.g., bead homogenization). If necessary, samples in Protection Reagent can be placed on ice briefly until they can be processed.
- Be sure to use a 1X solution of Monarch DNA/RNA Protection Reagent. The supplied 2X concentrate can be diluted with nuclease-free water.
- Proteinase K digestion is not required for processing plant samples.
- Addition of Monarch RNA Lysis Buffer (NEB #T2012) and all subsequent steps should be performed at room temperature.
- When processing plant samples, a larger volume of DNA/RNA Protection Reagent is required. As a result, larger volumes of RNA Lysis Buffer and ethanol are also required, and columns must be reloaded. To reduce sample volumes and reloading of columns, RNA Lysis Buffer can be used for mechanical lysis instead of DNA/RNA Protection Reagent


The Japanese supercomputer Fugaku, recognized as the fastest in the world, began operating at full capacity this Tuesday, according to its creators, who hope that the computer will allow progress in the investigation of the coronavirus.
Fugaku has been developed jointly by the Riken state scientific institute and the Japanese technology company Fujitsu, and was already partially activated last April to begin searching for potential drugs to treat Covid-19.
Fugaku has been jointly developed by the Riken state scientific institute and the Japanese technology company Fujitsu
From now on, the supercomputer will use the full capacity of its 415.5 petaflops, which allow it to complete 442,000 billion operations per second, according to the person in charge of the project, Hiroshi Matsumoto, in a ceremony held today in Kobe (western Japan), where the machine is located.
“I hope that Fugaku will be able to go where its predecessor K could not, including applications of artificial intelligence and data analysis,” said Matsumoto in reference to the supercomputer that Fugaku replaces, in an intervention reported by local media.
The computer is expected to be used in about a hundred projects that will also include other fields such as climate change.
Fugaku was recognized as the fastest computer in the world last June by unseating the world leader until then, Summit, installed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee (United States) by IBM, according to the bi-annual TOP500 ranking.
The Japanese machine retained its top spot in another TOP500 ranking published last November. Named after Mount Fuji, Fugaku also ranked first in three other categories that measure performance in computational methods for industrial use, artificial intelligence applications, and big data analytics.


Keywords are the main terms that describe your research question or topic. Keep track of these words so you can use them when searching for books and articles.
Choosing your topic is the first step in the research process. Be aware that selecting a good topic may not be easy. It must be narrow and focused enough to be interesting, yet broad enough to find adequate information.
For help getting started on the writing process go to the GGU Online Writing Lab (Writing tutor) where you can set up and appointment with a writing tutor.
#1 Research tip: Pick a topic that interests you. You are going to live with this topic for weeks while you research, read, and write your assignment. Choose something that will hold your interest and that you might even be excited about. Your attitude towards your topic will come across in your writing or presentation!
Brainstorming is a technique you can use to help you generate ideas. Below are brainstorming exercises and resources to help you come up with research topic ideas.
Try the resources below to help you get ideas for possible research topics:
Read an encyclopedia article on the top two or three topics you are considering. Reading a broad summary enables you to get an overview of the topic and see how your idea relates to broader, narrower, and related issues. If you cant find an article on your topic, ask a librarian for help.
SAGE Research Methods supports research at all levels by providing material to guide users through every step of the research process.
Email questions to firstname.lastname@example.org.
Available during normal business hours.


Are you curious to learn more about mixed martial arts (MMA)? Read on to get to know more about this popular and fast-growing sport.
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a hybrid of combat martial arts. Generally speaking, anything that combines two or more martial arts styles could be considered mixed martial arts. However, MMA typically refers to the fast-growing, full-contact sport where two opponents fight against each other using a mixture of:
- Muay Thai
- Tae Kwon Do
MMA or UFC?
Even though the two names sound interchangeable, there is a difference between MMA and UFC. MMA is the name of the sport. The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is the most well-known organization that promotes MMA competitions.
Mixed martial arts fighting is not new. It can be traced back to ancient Greece with a sport called the Pankration. The Pankration was a combat sport featuring a range of striking and grappling techniques.
Most MMA competitions are five rounds with each round lasting five minutes. Three judges score each round on a 10-point system where they evaluate athletes on striking, grappling, control of the ring, and defense. A competitive bout can end by submission, technical knockout, knockout, judge’s decision, forfeit, or technical draw.
MMA workouts will vary depending on the martial arts school and your instructor. But overall, a workout will challenge your entire body as you build power, speed, strength, and endurance. In a typical class, you’ll get physical conditioning, as well as skill work.
Karate Families in Tarzana offers an Adult and Family martial arts program for ages 15 and up (and children as young as six when accompanied by an adult). You’ll kick, punch, spar, learn self-defense all while having a good time and making great memories. Contact us to learn more about how to get started.


Image: Riverkeeper, Inc
Fishable, swimmable waters
SWIM supports common sense solutions to improve water quality in New York City, year-round. That means:
(using stormwater as a resource)
(increasing system capacity)
reliance on end-of-pipe remedies
(like chlorine disinfection)
Clean Water Regulations 101
To assess water quality, regulators measure two things: fecal indicator bacteria, which are often present when disease-causing pathogens found in sewage are present; and dissolved oxygen, which can be depleted by sewage and other pollutants, but which is essential for the survival of fish and other wildlife.
Water Quality Standards are the foundation of the US Clean Water Act (CWA), passed in 1972 to reverse the steep decline of the nation’s waterways. Unfortunately, its interim goal of “fishable, swimmable” waters, which required surface waters be capable of supporting activities and propagation of fish and wildlife by 1983, has been a failure. Today, beach advisories prevent us from swimming on the hottest summer days. “Warning! Don’t eat the fish!” signs are still a regular site. Emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals, nanoparticles, and personal care products are altering old perceptions of pollution sources. Our inadequate municipal infrastructure contributes devastating quantities of pollution.
This crisis calls for investment and innovation. For more on water quality, see our Water Steward Guide.
Creating Water Quality Goals for
Every neighborhood should establish water quality goals.
Do you want to be able to swim?
Do you want fish and wildlife to thrive?
Do you want environmental programs to be conducted in or near your waterway?
Check out which of our member organizations are working in your community and establish a unified vision with your neighbors.
Major sources of
water pollution include
Untreated sewage from combined sewer overflows
Stormwater runoff from separate sewers or direct drainage
Illegal dumping into the waterbody
Connected waterbodies upstream
Animal waste from birds and pets
Illegal sewer connections, when homes and developments are accidentally or intentionally connected to a storm sewer instead of a sanitary sewer
STAND UP TO WATER POLLUTION!
IF YOU WITNESS WATER POLLUTION Call 311
TO REPORT THE EVENT.


Scientific Name: Halcyon smyrnensis
Malay Name: Pekaka Dada Putih
Chinese Name: 白胸翡翠
Range: Found from Egypt, Turkey, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, southern China to Southeast Asia
Taxonomy: Polytypic. Subspecies are: smyrnensis, fusca, perpulchra, saturatior, fokiensis.
Local Subspecies: perpulchra
Size: 27.5-29.5 cm
Identification: Adult has dark chestnut head, flanks and belly with contrasting whitish throat and centre of breast, mostly turquoise-blue mantle, wings and tail, dark chestnut/blackish wing-coverts and reddish bill. Juvenile has duller upperparts, browner bill and dark vermiculations on throat and breast.
Similar looking species: Black-capped Kingfisher
Habitat: Parks, gardens and wooded areas near open grass patches, water-bodies, canals, rivers and mangroves.
Behaviour/Ecology: Feeds on fish, lizards, insects and small amphibians.
Local Status: Very common resident
Conservation Status: Least Concern (BirdLife International 2017)
Location: Any patch of suitable habitat.
- Our first guided walk! (Blog)
- Local extinctions of Singapore birds (Science)
Conservation Status: IUCN Red List Page
Sound Recordings: xeno-canto Link
Wikipedia Entry: Wikipedia Link
eBird Species page: eBird (White-throated Kingfisher)
BirdLife International. (2017). Halcyon smyrnensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22725846A119289544.en. Accessed on 1 January 2023
Robson, C. (2014). Field guide to the birds of South-East Asia (Second Edition). Bloomsbury Publishing, London.
Singapore Birds Project. (n.d.). White-throated Kingfisher. Retrieved on May 27, 2023 from https://singaporebirds.com/species/white-throated-kingfisher.


How to Institute DOE in Your Company (link broken – removed) by Davis Balestracci:
Design of Experiments (DoE) was developed by R.A. Fisher in the 1920s (related terms: factorial design, multivariate expertness). Six Sigma was the first general management approach that specifically highlighted the use of Designed Experiments for improvement. Still the use of factorial designed experiments is much less than it could be.
A Brief Overview of DOE from the Macomb Intermediate School District (link broken – removed) which has a high school course on the topic.
Design of Experiments can seem complicated but at the core it is fairly simple and powerful. By applying the proper techniques it allows you to gage the effect of several variables and, very importantly, the interactions of those variables with a small number of experiments (or tests or pilots).
George Box is a wonderful author (and friend) who can write for mangers who are not knowledgeable about statistics and statisticians. Statistics for Discovery does a good job of explaining how organizations should use experiments to improve.
While the adoption of DoE is still growing slowly, an increasing number of organizations are using DoE to improve. In the past most companies (in most industries anyway) did not have to compete with others that were using DoE to improve. But as more adopt DoE as one more tool to help increase the pace of improvement those that fail to take advantage of this tool will find themselves at a serious disadvantage.
- Design of Experiment articles
- Design of Experiments in Advertising
- 101 Ways to Design an Experiment, or Some Ideas About Teaching Design of Experiments by William G. Hunter
- Design of Experiments (DoE) definition
- Design of Experiments: The Process of Discovery is Iterative
- Marketers Are Embracing Statistical Design of Experiments
- Design of Experiment Directory
Pingback: Curious Cat Management Improvement Blog » Design of Experiments in Operational Testing
Pingback: CuriousCat: Improvement Through Designed Experiments
Pingback: CuriousCat: Printer Product Development Using Design of Experiments
Pingback: Curious Cat: Full and Fractional Factorial Test Design
Pingback: Improving Management with Tools and Knowledge | Curious Cat Management Improvement Blog
Pingback: Highlights from Recent George Box Speech | Curious Cat Management Improvement Blog


A checksum is a string of characters which uniquely identifies a file, a digital fingerprint. Change even a few bytes of a file–for example, by infecting it with a virus or replacing an old version with new one–and the checksum changes. Marxio File Checksum Verifier is a small, standalone utility which will generate a checksum for a given file and then compare it to an earlier value.
Marxio File Checksum Verifier is very simple in operation. Either drag a file to the window, or select one using a standard file dialog. Then choose a checksum algorithm, such as MD5 or CRC32. (If you’re the target audience for this tool, you know what those things mean.) Then paste a checksum from a known version of the file into the bottom text box, and check! Marxio will quickly tell you if they match or not. (Very large files may take a while, but Marxio will run minimized and flash the taskbar when it’s done.)
There are several uses for this program. For example, freeware programs are often distributed by many different sites–some not trustworthy. If you have a checksum of a known copy of a program, you can compare a downloaded copy to be sure you’re not getting one with a virus or a Trojan. Checksums can also be used to validate that two sets of compressed data contain the same files, without opening each archive and manually checking the contents against each other.
There is not much more to say. There are a decent number of options hidden in the Options menu, including maintaining a history file and shell integration. Marxio File Checksum Verifier is donationware, so if you use it and like it, send along a little money to fund future development.


“We see the central task of psychotherapy as the rewriting of a more complex and useful narrative of the patient’s life and experience.”
Richard F. Summers
Psychodynamic psychotherapy helps clients find patterns in their emotions, thoughts, and beliefs in order to gain insight into their current self. These patterns are often found to begin in the client’s childhood since psychodynamic theory holds that early life experiences are extremely influential in the psychological development and functioning of an adult (Matthews & Chu, 1997).
Psychodynamic therapy aims to help the client identify important pieces of the puzzle that makes them who they are and rearrange them in ways that allow the client to form a more functional and positive sense of self.
Modern psychodynamic therapy also substitutes a pair of chairs for the stereotypical couch and usually places the therapist and client face-to-face rather than keeping the therapist hidden from the client’s view.
In these sessions, the therapist will encourage the client to talk freely about whatever is on their (conscious) mind. The thoughts and feelings discussed will be probed for recurring patterns in the client’s unconscious mind.
This form of therapy is commonly used with clients suffering from depression or anxiety diagnoses, and there is some evidence suggesting that psychodynamic therapy may be as effective in treating depression as other forms of therapy (WebMD, 2014).
Goals of Psychodynamic Therapy
The main goals of psychodynamic therapy are to
(1) enhance the client’s self-awareness and
(2) foster understanding of the client’s thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in relation to their past experiences, especially his or her experiences as a child (Haggerty, 2016).
This is accomplished by the therapist guiding the client through the examination of unresolved conflicts and significant events in the client’s past.


5 Earth Day Tips for Reducing Food Waste
With the passing of Senate Bill 1383 (SB 1383), food waste recycling and recovery has been a hot topic. This Earth Day, we wanted to spotlight the 5 best tips for reducing food waste and how to practice dedicated food recovery programs. If you’re inspired to join EJ Harrison’s food recycling mission to help reduce your carbon footprint but don’t know where to start, these simple techniques and tips are aimed at helping you reduce your food waste at home and find creative ways to reduce, reuse and recycle your favorite foods.
- Meal Prep. Cook in Bulk and Freeze your Leftovers.
The issue with large batching your meals is the monotony of eating the same meals over and over again. We suggest choosing easy to customize recipes during reheating. Soup, noodle and rice dishes are good options that can be spiced up in many different and unique ways.
2. Use individual storage containers for easy packs and go lunches for you and your family.
The convenience and comfort of grabbing your own homemade lunch thats ready to go is unmatched, not to mention cutting your food costs from eating at restaurants.
3. Use leftover vegetable scraps to make your own homemade stocks.
Zucchini, carrots, celery and other root vegetables can be boiled with other scraps like bones to make delicious homemade stocks.
4. Add leftover meats to your favorite salad, wrap or stir-fry.
Make your salad a complete, nutritious meal by adding leftover meats.
5. Recycle your food waste and scraps at home.
Harrison has a simple, 4 step program for recycling your food waste.
- Collect food waste in a clear plastic bag.
- Clean your scraps by removing any stickers, twist ties or rubberbands that can’t be recycled.
- Store food waste in a proper receptacle.
- Dispose of your food waste by placing your tied off bag into your yard waste cart for pick-up.
Learn More: Food Waste Recycling & Senate Bill 1383


Claudius Pegues was a Hugenot, who fled France after the Edict of Nates was revoked in 1685. After a short time in Switzerland, where he married, he continued on to England. There in 1719, in London, his son and namesake, Claudius Pegues, was born. This son, at about 16 years of age, came to the colony of South Carolina, arriving about December 1736 in Charleston aboard the ship, CHARLES. It is said onboard he met his future wife, Henrietta Butler. After living in Charleston several years, he relocated to Georgetown and there married in 1749. In Georgetown, is where three of his four children were born, William Pegues May 16, 1750, Claudius Pegues August 4, 1752 (died), and Claudius Pegues April 9, 1755. Before his fourth child, Henrietta Pegues, was born on June 2, 1758, Cladius had relocated to Cheraw District on the Pee Dee River in what is now the northwestern corner of Marlboro County, SC. Seven days after the birth of Henrietta, his wife died.
Cladius served in many prominent positions in St. David’s Parish and Cheraw District, including the Provential Congress in 1775-6, First General Assembly in 1776, Justice of the Peace in 1765, 1767, 1769 and 1785 and the lists of accomplishments go on. Claudius’ activities during the American Revolution have been well documented in The Old Cheraws, by Rev. Alexander Gregg. The only known exchange of prisoners between the Lord Cornwallis and the colonist was conducted at the home of Claudius Pegues on May 3, 1781, after the Battle of Guilford Courthouse.
His sons followed in his footsteps, serving the colonial cause during the Revolution, Claudius Jr. becoming a Captain, and into politics in the area. William residing on the west side of the PeeDee River in Chesterfield County and Claudius living on the east side of the Pee Dee River in Marlboro County. Many of Williams’ descendants was caught up in the westward migration and moved on to Alabama and onward. Many of Claudius’ descendants continue to live in Marlboro County, and some relocated to the Cheraw area of Chesterfield County.


Guide to finding interesting public domain works
Smithsonian Institution Public Domain Images
New York Times Public Domain Images
Instructors, students, and staff may also seek images, video, and other content which are available through Creative Commons license or in the public domain and freely available for use.
"Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free legal tools." Learn more about Creative Commons licenses here. Do you have work to share on the Web? It's easy to select the license that's right for you by using the Creative Commons Choose a License tool.
Look for Creative Commons licenses for
The term “public domain” encompasses those materials that are not protected by intellectual property laws such as copyright, trademark, or patent laws. No individual owns these works; rather, they are owned by the public. Anyone can use a public domain work without obtaining permission and without citing the original author, but no one can ever own it.
There are 4 common ways that an item will arrive in the public domain:
1. The copyright has expired
2. The copyright owner failed to follow rules for renewal
3. The copyright owner deliberately places the item in the Public Domain
4. Copyright law does not protect this type of work
More information is available from "Welcome to the Public Domain" from the Stanford University Libraries and Public Domain Slider from the American Library Association.


Standing before a fortress wall, this well-dressed foot soldier holds a combination spear and battle-axe called a halberd. His direct stare and swaggering pose are strikingly poignant, given the smooth unlined face and slim body that betray him as no more than a teenager. As a portraitist, Jacopo Pontormo was renowned for his subtle, complex psychological studies; here he conveyed the naive arrogance and vulnerability of youth. Court painter to Duke Cosimo de' Medici (1519 – 1574) in Florence, Pontormo pioneered a new, sophisticated type of portraiture which championed elegance and aristocratic reserve.
The sitter's identity has been much discussed. The painter and author of the famous Lives, Giorgio Vasari (1511 – 1574), noted that during the siege of Florence in about 1529, Pontormo painted a "most beautiful work, "a portrait of young nobleman Francesco Guardi as a soldier.” Sure enough, a birth record survives for a male child, Francesco, who was born into the Guardi clan in 1514. This young man would have been around fourteen or fifteen years old at the time of the siege, about the age of Pontormo's teenage sitter. Based on the evidence of a Florentine inventory of the Riccardi family in 1612, it has also been suggested by some that the portrait represents Cosimo de' Medici himself.


This is a past event.
Before the Big Boom: How Supereruptions are Made
Supereruptions are enormous volcanic eruptions the likes of which we have never witnessed - the most recent superereuption occurred ~25 ka. Just because we have never experienced a superuption, however, does not mean that one could not happen in the future, and such eruptions have the potential to wreak havoc on life, infrastructure, and the environment. Consequently, it is critical that we study deposits from past supereruptions to understand how, when, where, and why the magmas involved in these eruptions are generated, stored, and erupt.
In this talk, I will address two particularly important and hotly debated issues about the large volumes of magma involved in supereruptions: (1) Their storage in the crust - where do they reside, and what is their geometry?, and (2) Their longevity in the crust - how long do they persist prior to erupting, and what is the timing and duration of the eruptive process itself? I will combine information from field studies, geochemistry, textural relations of crystals in rocks and melt inclusions in crystals, geochronology, geobarometry, phase-equilibria modeling, and diffusion modeling, to address these questions and contribute to the ongoing debates around this issue. Results from this work show that there are some broad generalizations that we can make about supereruptive systems (e.g., they reside in the upper crust and are short lived) but each one has individual characteristics that must be considered as well (e.g., their shape in the crust varies). In addition, this work illustrates the power in using a multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary approach to develop a complex and nuanced answer to questions in igneous petrology.
0 people added
No recent activity


Like special nodes, we crossed two original horizontal short lines under the knees, just at the ½, to half the height of the quarter of square xylm, another to the xy, and a vertical one on the left shoulder, which results exactly covered by the line yΦ! and I can't see any other reference for, if not the shoulder joint (wrong to the right side on the original drawing).
However, this partition applies to both the arms, reciprocally mirrored inside a golden area by the trunk with it's own resulting golden area.
Whilst the golden ratio from each hand to the opposite shoulder is symmetrical, occasionally, we should think, the other line to the shoulder is out of place compared to the armpit; by the way, the single figure is not 100% regular, the square needed to be slightly enlarged in height (lighter area adjusted) as the sides were not aligned; perhaps the same paper may have shrunk in time, mainly the right lower side of the page, beyond the writings; however Leonardo Da Vinci could not enjoy a CAD).Now, we may not know if Leonardo Da Vinci took into account the Divine Proportion in his works, but these lines like some others which should mark the anatomy and the 4 squares and their portions, match the start and ending of a process that is revealing by now two main Golden ratio divisions: vertical and horizontal of the same square.
And that's not all. We can proceed to one more look into, to check how the common central area between the yΦ, side of the square yΦml and the symmetrical one, taken inside the big square, holds now the golden rectangle [green] lmcΦ starting from the navel (we will analize later a small difference, if true; since the real center of the adjusted circle is slightly lower than the consequent navel), which suitably separates the chest from the head at its Φ height.On the other hand, we are not necessarily investigating on the Vitruvian man, as much as on the Divine Proportion in the human body, what this eloquent figure invited us to do.


By Michael Holland –
Recently we had a large tree fall in woods behind our house. It’s huge and I wondered how could this tree fall when others around it were fine.
Some leaders are like strong trees with deep healthy root systems. They had nutrient rich soils that helped promote growth. They had their fair amount of wind which made them even stronger.
But many leaders aren’t so lucky. They get planted into leadership quickly in whatever soil exists. They survive but never mature to the level they are capable of.
Here are ways to build the healthy root systems for your young leaders.
Get Them Trained Up
Send them to a people leadership development program within the first 6 months in the role or at the latest, within the first 15 months.
Trees that start in healthy soil are more likely to build deep, healthy root systems from the start and not be harmed by decay.
Include them in a leadership circle of several leaders who meet to talk about current leadership challenges they are facing and discuss leadership ideas and resources they’ve been consuming.
Trees work together as the winds ebb and flow. A tree all alone will need to take on the full brunt of all the wind that comes its way.
Put your leaders through some type of self-reflection process after 12 1o 18 months in the role. Most often a validated 360-degree feedback survey can provide the data for a leader to reflect on how stakeholders perceive their impact and provide direction on where best to invest their time in honing their leadership skills while removing those that aren’t healthy.
Taking less fruitful limbs off of a tree will help the tree allocate its limited nutrients to the remainder of the limbs making them stronger.
Coaching Thoughts – For You and Your Peers
- If you were a tree, what variety would you want to be? Why?
- Have you had the opportunity to attend a leadership development program and/or participate in a leadership circle? What did you learn?
- What might you learn about your leadership impact from stakeholders in a 360-degree feedback survey?
Leave A Comment


Meaning and Origin
What does the name Teal mean? Keep reading to find the user submitted meanings, dictionary definitions, and more.
User Submitted Origins
Note: ☞ The common European teal (Anas crecca) and the European blue-winged teal, or garganey (Anas querquedula or Anas circia), are well-known species. In America the blue-winged teal (Anas discors), the green-winged teal (Anas Carolinensis), and the cinnamon teal (Anas cyanoptera) are common species, valued as game birds. See Garganey.
Etymology: OE. tele; akin to D. teling a generation, production, teal, telen to breed, produce, and E. till to cultivate. The English word probably once meant, a brood or flock. See Till to cultivate
- Any of various small short-necked dabbling river ducks of Europe and America
- A blue-green color or pigment
- Of a bluish shade of green
From Middle English tele, probably from an unrecorded Old English word *tǣle, cognate with West Frisian tjilling (“teal”), Middle Dutch teling ("teal"; Modern Dutch taling), Middle Low German telink, from Proto-Germanic *tailijaz. As the name of a shade of dark greenish-blue like the color patterns on the fowl's head and wings, it is attested from 1923.
- (countable) Any of various small freshwater ducks of the genus Anas that are brightly coloured and have short necks.
- (countable and uncountable) A dark, somewhat bluish-green colour; a dark cyan.
- teal colour:


You’ve probably noticed how so much of the stuff you see around you is made of glass. And it’s not just any glass, but a safer and stronger kind called tempered glass.
Uses of Tempered Glass
These are just some of the many uses of tempered glass:
Your laptop screen and smartphone display are all made of tempered glass. So are the heavy-duty screen protectors you use to keep your phone and tablet screens scratch-free.
Tempered glass is used in ovens, stoves, and other kitchen appliances that deal with great amounts of heat.
Tempered glass makes vehicle windows safer. Instead of creating large shards when they break, tempered glass windows disintegrate into small, harmless pieces.
Tempered glass is used in numerous ways in the construction of a house. Shower doors, bathtub enclosures, sliding doors, windows, skylights, glass facades, elevators, swimming pools, and glass balcony doors can all be made of tempered glass.
The glass panels around a hockey rink and in some sports arenas are made of tempered glass.
The room dividers in your office building are made of tempered glass so that they won’t cause injury when an employee bumps into and accidentally break them.
Retail store fixtures
The display cases and tables in retail stores are made of tempered glass because they’re tough enough that they won’t break when someone tries to steal something. Yet they’re also crystal clear, which allows customers to see what’s on display.
The glass railings in department stores, offices, and commercial and public spaces are made of tempered glass for the public’s safety.
Countertops and tabletops
Because they withstand heat and resist scratches so well, tempered glass is often used to make conference tables, kitchen countertops, reception desks, coffee tables, and other types of furniture.
The thermal strength, heat resistance, and durability of tempered glass make it the ideal material for solar panels.


Former Liberian warlord Charles Taylor became the first head of state to be held responsible for various forms of sexual violence in connection with his role in the brutal Sierra Leone conflict. PHR provided the Special Court of Sierra Leone (SCSL) with evidence and expert testimony that contributed to this and other prosecutions associated with the crimes of sexual violence in the country.
PHR investigators travelled to Sierra Leone and used epidemiological tools to document the horrific incidence of sexual violence carried out by the Revolutionary United Front rebels on innocent civilians in Sierra Leone from late 1996 to early 2002. Detailed findings from the study, conducted in collaboration with the United Nations Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone, were published in our 2002 report “War-Related Sexual Violence in Sierra Leone”. PHR’s former forensic director, Dr. William Haglund, was also deployed by the SCSL to conduct exhumations of seven graves near the small village of Tiendecom. In 2005, Haglund, on behalf of PHR, provided expert testimony to the Special Court.
In 2012, the SCSL found Taylor guilty of aiding and abetting in 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, including murder and mutilation of civilians, rape and sexual slavery, forced labor, and abduction and conscription of children to serve as child soldiers during the conflict in Sierra Leone. PHR’s study and Dr. Haglund’s forensic work revealed that these crimes were systematic and occurred over a several-year period.


When scientists have to continually look to nature to figure out how to do things well, doesn’t it become apparent at some point that we’re dealing with embodied intelligence? Here’s just the latest edition:
The propulsion system used by slime-squirting bacteria could teach rocket scientists and nano-engineers some new tricks.
Myxobacteria are micrometre-scale filament-shaped organisms that glide along surfaces, leaving a trail of slime in their wake. Biologists were convinced the bugs produced the slime as lubricant, but couldn’t explain how they generated the force to move.
Now it turns out that the bacteria push themselves along by ejecting the slime from nozzles on their bodies. “They are little rockets,” says Andrey Dobrynin, a polymer scientist at the University of Connecticut in Storrs.
Myxobacteria have 250 nozzles located on each end. By squirting slime from one set or the other they can dart forward or back at up to 10 micrometres per second.


Canada’s Toxic Plastic Ban Is a Serious Trade Barrier
Despite committing to use a risk-based approach to chemical regulation in the USMCA, Canada has gone ahead with using a precautionary approach to label all manufactured plastic toxic, and has readied six types of single-use plastics to be added to the schedule 1 list of toxic substances that are banned from importation or sale.
Philip Thompson, the policy analyst for IP and Trade at Property Rights Alliance, called the ban a “dangerous trade barrier” in a panel hosted by the Canada Strong and Free Network to discuss the trade, economic, and environmental consequences of the ban.
Despite Canada’s own assessment which found that only one percent of the plastic in Canada is improperly disposed of in the environment, the toxic label jeopardizes more than $15 billion in trade between the U.S. and Canada, including vital plastic waste the U.S. exports as feedstock to Canada’s recycling industry. That number doesn’t count the enormous value of end-use plastic found as components in packaging, electrical equipment, cars, construction material, and other products.
The ban itself represents an expansion of government power, adds complications to existing frameworks that guide the use and handling of toxic materials in the workplace, and is a marked step away from focusing on waste management solutions to a waste management problem. The most dangerous aspect Thompson pointed out is the precedent it sets in Canada and other countries seeking to curb waste in the environment.
Using this precautionary approach, Canada can choose to ban other types of manufactured plastic at any time or add more materials to the “toxic” list without a real scientific assessment. Other countries may follow suit, or use the same process to label other products as toxic, allowing restrictive import bans or other trade barriers. Meanwhile, the main issues of how the materials end up improperly disposed and how they can be properly recovered remain ignored.
Click here to watch the event Canada’s Toxic Plastic Ban with Congressman Pete Sessions (TX-17); Minister Prabmeet Sarkaria, Associate Minister of Small Business and Red Tape Reduction for Ontario; Dr. Angela Logomasini, Senior Fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute; and Philip Thompson, Policy Analyst for Property Rights Alliance:
Photo credit: Mali Maeder on Pexels


NASA says they are reexamining nicknames for distant objects in outer space such as planets, galaxies, and nebulae because they are insensitive and could be actively harmful.
The Agency says the change is part of their commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion.
The unofficial names are sometimes used by members of the scientific community, the agency said.
For example, the nickname for planetary nebula NGC 2392 was Eskimo nebula.
NASA said in a press release that they will not use that nickname anymore.
They said they will also do away with the name Siamese Twins Galaxy, which has been used to refer to a pair of spiral galaxies in the Virgo Galaxy Cluster.
"These nicknames and terms may have historical or cultural connotations that are objectionable or unwelcoming, and NASA is strongly committed to addressing them," said Stephen T. Shih, Associate Administrator for Diversity and Equal Opportunity at NASA Headquarters in the press release. "Science depends on diverse contributions, and benefits everyone, so this means we must make it inclusive.”
NASA said they will work with experts of diversity, inclusion, and equity in the astronomical and physical sciences to "provide guidance and recommendations for other nicknames and terms for review."


A Brief History Of KFC’s Corporate Strategies
Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a global fast-food chain that is well known for its fried chicken and other Southern-style comfort food. Founded in 1930 by Colonel Harland Sanders, the company has remained largely unchanged despite its rapid growth and expansion into almost every corner of the world. In this article, we’ll take a look at the corporate strategies employed by KFC throughout its history.
The first major change to KFC’s corporate strategy was in 1956 with the introduction of the “Original Recipe” fried chicken recipe. The new menu focused on skinless chicken pieces, which allowed them to keep their cooking times shorter and their costs lower. This allowed KFC to offer meals at competitive prices while still maintaining quality standards.
In 1974, KFC implemented an aggressive expansion plan that saw them opening up locations around the world. This included franchising businesses as well as opening up stand-alone restaurants in countries such as China and India. This international expansion would eventually lead to KFC becoming one of the largest fast-food chains in the world.
KFC also began experimenting with new product lines in the mid-1980s, such as its famous “Double Down” sandwich. The sandwich featured two slices of cheese and bacon between two pieces of fried chicken instead of between two slices of bread, making it one of KFC’s most iconic products.
The 1990s saw more changes for KFC’s business model, including a move away from traditional advertising methods towards using social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook to reach potential customers online. This strategic shift saw sales skyrocket over the following decades as more people embraced digital channels for their dining experiences.
Finally, KFC has recently begun investing heavily in technology to improve customer experience and provide better food options. It has begun testing autonomous delivery vehicles in certain cities around the world, while it is also offering mobile ordering capabilities through apps like GrubHub and Uber Eats to make it easier for customers to order food on demand anytime they want it.


Chosen by Sarah Head, current member of staff
As the daughter of the reforming and renowned Liberal MP Richard Cobden, it is not surprising that Jane Cobden was a woman of strong beliefs. However, it is perhaps surprising when you consider the era in which she grew up, a time when women do not have the right to vote or stand for political office. Born in 1851, Jane followed in her father’s footsteps, participating in political causes across a wide spectrum. Chief amongst the causes she espoused was women’s suffrage, and she would become one of two women elected to the new London County Council in 1889, as Councillor for Bromley and Bow.
Jane’s surviving papers are held at West Sussex Record Office, alongside those of her father, and they include a series of personal scrapbooks. Three of these scrapbooks contain an eclectic mix of fascinating ephemera which reflect her political, activism, career and the liberal causes she supported. They include leaflets and fliers for a variety of rallies and debates, invitations to fundraising events, souvenirs and a number of large posters advertising various events, including those led by Jane herself.
Amongst these and other items, such as political newspapers and gazettes, is this New Year card. It is a beautiful and personal example of her and her husband’s commitment to the cause of women’s emancipation and enfranchisement; proclaiming the cause of Votes for Women whilst sending best wishes for the New Year.
Despite her fervour for the cause, Jane never became a Suffragette herself; she took a less militant approach to bring about change. This card in some ways reflects that and is perhaps why she is less well-remembered than her father (although fans of the BBC’s Victorian crime drama Ripper Street, in which she features as a recurrent character, will recognise her name). We are fortunate that Jane’s papers – and especially her political scrapbooks – have survived, since they provide insight into the life of this remarkable woman and the society in which she lived and which she helped to shape.
Some of this text originally appeared in ARC Magazine (Archives and Records Association, No 319, March 2016)
Stay up to date with WSRO – follow us on Facebook and Twitter
One thought on “Scrapbook, 1890s-1920s (Cobden Mss 1102)”


Date of Award
Open Access Master's Report
Master of Science in Applied Science Education (MS)
Administrative Home Department
Department of Cognitive and Learning Sciences
Committee Member 1
Committee Member 2
Research indicates that a myriad of possibilities exist for why students perform poorly in mathematics and also suggests strategies that could help students be more proficient in mathematics. The possible factors that hinder performance in mathematics include perception of abilities, motivation and relevance, resilience in challenges, mathematics anxiety, and sense of belonging. These factors all have the underlying feature of emotional affect that hinder mathematical performance and are related to students’ emotions. Therefore, increasing emotional affect and forming methods for working through the emotions related to mathematics may help all students do better in mathematics as a whole. This requires identifying what practices educators could implement for increasing emotional affect and positively changing emotions related to mathematics. This research explored the impacts of an intervention that utilized discussing emotions tied to mathematics along with classroom best practices to reduce mathematics anxiety and promote positive student affect towards mathematics. Based on the data analysis and interviews, this research suggests that discussing emotions in mathematics courses about emotional affect connected to mathematics can be beneficial to students. Furthermore, a positive phrase developed by the student through reflection was found to be a helpful motivator and tool to help students.
Marshall, Eric, "Emotional Affect in Mathematics", Open Access Master's Report, Michigan Technological University, 2019.


Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems.
Use geometric models to represent and explain numerical and algebraic relationships.
Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements.
Select and apply techniques and tools to accurately find length, area, volume, and angle measures to appropriate levels of precision.
Develop and use formulas to determine the circumference of circles and the area of triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and circles and develop strategies to find the area of more-complex shapes.
Connections to the Grade 7 Focal Points (NCTM)
Measurement and Geometry: Students connect their work on proportionality with their work on area and volume by investigating similar objects. They understand that if a scale factor describes how corresponding lengths in two similar objects are related, then the square of the scale factor describes how corresponding areas are related, and the cube of the scale factor describes how corresponding volumes are related. Students apply their work on proportionality to measurement in different contexts, including converting among different units of measurement to solve problems involving rates such as motion at a constant speed. They also apply proportionality when they work with the circumference, radius, and diameter of a circle; when they find the area of a sector of a circle; and when they make scale drawings.


Pensive (February 5, 1941 – May 20, 1949) was a bright chestnut Thoroughbred racehorse that in 1944 won the first two legs of the U.S. Triple Crown. Pensive also began only the second sire line “hat trick” in the Kentucky Derby, as his son Ponder won the 1949 Derby, and Ponder’s son Needles won the 1956 edition.
Having the appearance of deep, often melancholic, thinking.
Looking thoughtful, especially from sadness.
That reflects, or redirects back to the source.
“Mirrors are reflective.”
Pondering, especially thinking back on the past.
“He always becomes reflective in preparation for the new year.”
engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought
“a pensive mood”
providing a reflection; capable of reflecting light or other radiation
produced by reflection
“a colourful reflective glow”
relating to or characterized by deep thought; thoughtful
“a quiet, reflective, astute man”


Quick meditation to focus on
In most cases, such multitasking prevents us from focusing on one main task, as a result – productivity suffers.
Various techniques of meditation have been used since ancient times, including for training attention and concentration. Can a simple meditation session, which does not require much time and any preparation, help us to restore concentration of attention weakened by constant switching?
American psychologists Thomas Gorman (Thomas Gorman) and Shawn Green (Shawn Green) decided to test this. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which 48 students participated, some of them were especially prone to multitasking (in this case, this was the constant switching of attention between different sources of information) in everyday life, study and work.
During the experiments the students passed tests for concentration of attention. Before the tests and in between, some students looked through the sites on the Internet (switching between three different sites) and the other part for 10 minutes engaged in conscious meditation – they needed to focus on their breath, counting the exhalations and pressing the button on the keyboard after each exhalation. After 9 exhalations, you had to press another button and start the count from scratch. After a day or two the experiment was repeated, only groups of students changed places (those who meditated for the first time now watched the sites, and vice versa).
“We decided that it is exactly meditation that can be well suited to those who are addicted to multitasking. In a sense, awareness is the opposite of multitasking – it requires deep concentration on one thing, “.
The effect of one short meditation session lasts not very long (less than a day), however, these results show that problems with attention due to entrainment by multitasking are not irreversible.
A conscious meditation (one of the options):
- Exercise can be performed with closed or open eyes. Breathe in a natural rhythm and focus on physical sensations from breathing. Begin to count the inhalations and exhalations (each “inhale-exhale” cycle is “one”), counting to 10, start again. If you start distracting and lose concentration on breathing, do not see this as a failure, just turn your attention back to the breathing process, while “resetting the counter” and start counting again.


What Will Happen If The Planet Gets Hotter?
As some crazy people are enjoying the extremely hot weather its hard not to notice the danger increasing temperature will have on us in the future.
This week we saw record-breaking temperatures and this is going to continue to get worse if we don’t do anything.
This article was written in 2018 titled ‘the next five years could be seriously hotter than normal, say scientists’
They clearly weren’t wrong and that means we’ve got more hot weather to come!
What would happen if the planet was 2 degrees hotter?
- Rivers and glaciers would disappear
- An increase in landslides as what holds them together would melt
- Sea levels could rise displacing 10% of the population
- Many Plants would eventually stop growing making global warming worse as they absorb a lot of the carbon dioxide.
- In 85 years one-third of the planet will be without fresh water
- 40% of the Amazon Rainforest will be destroyed
- Hurricanes would be stronger
- Coral reefs would start to become bleached – this is already happening here
What would happen if the planet was 3 or 4 degrees hotter?
- Ice poles would completely vanish and the sea would rise by 50 meters
- Summers would be longer and hotter, increasing the demand for air-con putting pressure on the power grid
- Forest fires increasing
- Shortage of food
The human body in the heat
Your body will try and keep a core temperature of 37 degrees and only gets hotter or colder when you are ill.
However in a temperature of 38 degrees and above you are at risk of:
- Swelling in joints
- Cramps – caused by salt imbalances
- Numbness in hands and feet
Its all well and good saying recycle, don’t use single-use plastics and reduce your meat and dairy consumption. These small changes will help. However, you can sign petitions get your local MP to take note that this is something you care about as the biggest change that needs to be made is for governments to take global warming seriously.


Herbal varieties include Chamomile, Peppermint and many other exciting flavors.
Herbal teas — less commonly called tisanes — are beverages made from the infusion or decoction of herbs, spices, or other plant material in hot water. The term "herbal tea" is often used in contrast to true teas (e.g., black, green, white, yellow, oolong), which are prepared from the cured leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Unlike coffee and true teas (which are also available decaffeinated), most tisanes do not contain caffeine naturally.
Camellia sinesis, the tea plant, has been grown for around 5000 years. The plant is a member of the family Theaceae, its origins dating back to China and Southeast Asia. According to ancient Chinese legend, the drink was made accidentally by King Shen Nong (around 2700 b.c.e). Despite the legend, it is documented that the Chinese have been using herbal tea as a medicine dating back to around 2000 years. The habitual consumption of tea grew in Asia and eventually European explorers brought it home to Europe in the 17th century. Herbal tea then became a staple in British and Irish culture during that time. Tea is widely consumed all over the world today.


DPRK Briefing Book: Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through 2015
(Unclassified Summary) National Intelligence Council, December 2001.
North Korea has hundreds of Scuds and No Dong missiles and continues to develop the longer range Taepo Dong-2, which will enable the North to target the United States. In May 2001, however, Kim Chong- il unilaterally extended the North’s voluntary flight-test moratorium—in effect since 1999—until 2003, provided negotiations with the United States proceeded.
Ballistic Missile Programs
Taepo Dong-2. The multiple-stage Taepo Dong-2—capable of reaching parts of the United States with a nuclear weapon-sized payload—may be ready for flight-testing. The North probably also is working on improvements to its current design. The Taepo Dong-2 in a two-stage ballistic missile configuration could deliver a several-hundred-kg payload up to 10,000 km—sufficient to strike Alaska, Hawaii, and parts of the continental United States. If the North uses a third stage similar to the one used on the Taepo Dong-1 in 1998 in a ballistic missile configuration, then the Taepo Dong-2 could deliver a several-hundred-kg payload up to 15,000 km—sufficient to strike all of North America. A Taepo Dong-2 flight test probably would be conducted as an SLV with a third stage to place a small payload into the same orbit the North Koreans tried to achieve in 1998.
No Dong. The 1,300-km-range No Dong remains the longest-range ballistic missile North Korea has deployed.
WMD Payload Options
The Intelligence Community judged in the mid-1990s that North Korea had produced one, possibly two, nuclear weapons, although the North has frozen plutonium production activities at Yongbyon in accordance with the Agreed Framework of 1994. North Korea also has chemical and biological weapons programs.
North Korea is nearly self-sufficient in developing and producing ballistic missiles and has demonstrated a willingness to sell complete systems and components that have enabled other states to acquire longer range capabilities earlier than would otherwise have
Read the full report .


Object of the month: Runic inscriptions from Bæskades
These wooden sticks were found in the mountain area Bæskades in Alta. They are inscribed with runes, Latin letters and numbers. One of the sticks has the numbers “4/6-1967” inscribed, which we believe is a date. Ahead of the numbers, we find runes and letters. Maybe they symbolize the person’s name.
Runic inscriptions on wooden sticks is an old way of conveying short messages between people. In the Middle Ages it was common to carve messages onto small pieces of wood and give it to the recipient. This appears to have occurred even during church mass, since inscribed wooden sticks have been found underneath church floors in much of Southern Norway. Messages on the sticks vary from declarations of love to trade and gossip.
In Finnmark engraved wooden sticks have been found mainly on mountaintops near cairns, and by rest stops along reindeer trekking routes. These sticks typically have names and dates carved onto them, to convey the message: “I was here at this time”. This tradition helped locate someone in the landscape if needed, and still exists today among some reindeer herders and hikers.
Messages on wooden sticks may be compared with the use of cell phones today. Back in the day someone would leave behind an inscribed stick, while today hikers send a text message on their cell phone to give notice on their whereabouts.


Throughout this October for Texas Archeology Month, we’ll be releasing new coloring pages featuring some of the amazing artifacts in the TARL collections. This is a fun way for kids and adults alike to learn about prehistoric life and the archeology of Texas.
Our first featured site and collection is Ceremonial Cave! This cave site in West Texas was a special place where people left offerings over the course of more than 1,000 years. The deposits left in the cave were badly damaged by looters in the early 20th century, prompting archeologists to excavate the remaining areas of the cave. What they found remain some of the most incredible artifacts ever recorded in Texas.
Exotic materials like the turquoise in this bracelet, obsidian and abalone shell found in the cave show that some of the objects traveled a great distance before they were left as offerings. It is likely that people traveled to the cave from parts of what is now New Mexico and northern Mexico as well as from nearby villages.
Thank you to everyone who came out to this year’s Texas Archeology Month Fair this past weekend!
What an event it was– 68 volunteers representing at least 18 local agencies and groups led activities for more than 400 visitors! The beautiful weather made it a perfect day to get outside and learn about archeology from the experts.
We are so grateful to all our volunteers, to the donors who helped make this event possible, and to our community for being so supportive of this kind of outreach! Thank you to all who shared your expertise and your love of archeology to help inspire the next generation of archeologists.
Here are some of our favorite photos from this year’s Fair. See y’all next year!


Network Address Translation. A networking technology that allows multiple computers to share a single Internet connection.
A NAT box is any device running NAT software. It links a LAN to the Internet, essentially “translating” privately-addressed packets into publicly-addressed packets that can be sent back and forth across the Internet. As an added bonus, NAT boxes act like a firewall to computers on the LAN becuase they mask their actual IP addresses.
NetBios Enhanced User Interface. A simple and popular protocol for home networks with Windows PCs. A derivative of NetBIOS.
Network Basic Input Output System. A network protocol designed specifically to be easy-to-use on small LANs. It has often been extended and improved upon, most notably as Microsoft’s NetBEUI.
A group of two or more computers connected together.
There are countless ways to form a network, especially due to variables like topology and protocols. However, all networks can be placed into one of two categories based on their complexity and physical size: LAN or WAN. Home networks are considered LANs; the Internet is the largest example of a WAN.
Network Interface Card. A hardware device that allows a computer to connect to a network. Almost all NICs are based on some form of the Ethernet standard.
A computer or device attached to a network.


Tucked away behind Dodger Stadium is the neighborhood of Solano Canyon, named for its first settler Francisco Solano, a Costa Rican immigrant born c. 1825. He came to L.A. between 1848 and 1850 with the Casanova family, then married the Casanovas’ teenage daughter Rosa in 1854. With the money he earned from his meatpacking business, Solano purchased half of this ravine in 1866. He died in 1871, leaving his son Alfredo a.k.a. Alfred Solano (1857-1943) to buy the other half and develop it all. Alfred, who christened Solano Avenue in 1888, was even more accomplished than his father. As a boy, he was “adopted” by L.A. city surveyor (and Anaheim founder) George C. Hansen (1824-1897), who took him in and educated him in the civil engineer trade. (Contemporary readers might wonder if Hansen, a lifelong bachelor, felt more than a paternal love for the young Alfred, but there’s no evidence.) They became business partners and excavated the future Echo Park Lake, among other achievements. Upon his death, Hansen left his protégé his entire estate. Solano went on to own Hollywood’s Runyon Canyon – then called Solano Canyon – for many years, using it as a rustic retreat. He and his wife Ella Brooks Solano lived on Figueroa.


A shared fascination with Washington D.C.’s history draws people from across the world to visit the United States Capitol, the Library of Congress, the White House, the Supreme Court and the District’s many museums. One site that visitors frequently overlook is the final resting place of many of the authors of Washington’s early history, the Congressional Cemetery. Contrary to what the name might suggest, the Congressional Cemetery is not a government cemetery, and people continue to seek plots there today. According to the Cemetery, you do not need to be a member of Congress to be buried there, “You only need to be dead.”
The Cemetery contains an eclectic cast of characters, from signer of the Declaration of Independence and Vice President, Elbridge Gerry to the silent movie actress Mary Fuller, who appeared in the first film adaptation of Frankenstein. Our picture of the week is a look at the public vault at the Congressional Cemetery. Before modern refrigeration and funerary techniques were available, when someone passed away, the Cemetery housed their remains in the vault while they awaited transportation to the location where they would be buried. These walls housed the remains of First Lady Dolley Madison, as well as Presidents William Henry Harrison, John Quincy Adams, and Zachary Taylor, just to name just a few, until the vault fell out of use. You can learn more about the history of the vault and why Dolley Madison’s remains were kept there for a long period of time by watching this C-Span recording.
We hope you have a safe and happy Halloween, and enjoy revisiting some of our posts from Halloweens past.
- Double, double toil and trouble, fire burn and caldron bubble…
- Wicked Strumpets, Cannibals and Witches in English Case Law
- Communicating with the Dead: Can the Unknown be Regulated?
- Does the Haitian Criminal Code Outlaw Making Zombies?
- Ethical Considerations related to the Representation of Someone Accused of Witchcraft
- Revealing the Presence of Ghosts
- The Case of a Ghost Haunted England for Over Two Hundred Years
- Would you be interested in getting Attorney General William Wirt’s head back? Rebecca Roberts brings us a tale from the Congressional Cemetery


What is Clear Language?
Clear language is language that is plain and concise. It is a way of presenting information so that it is easy for everyone to read and understand.
For example, here is a sentence in clear language:
Clear Language helps your readers understand your message.
Compare it to this version:
The use of Clear Language (also called Plain Language) is capable of helping you to ensure your message is fully comprehended by your intended audience.
Which one is clearer?
Clear Language usually consists of:
- Short sentences with one point.
- Simple graphics that are easy to understand.
- Headings, sub-headings and bullet points.
- Some bold type to highlight important things.
- Lots of white space.
Why use Clear Language?
- It is fair, inclusive, and reaches people who don’t read well.
- For 42% of Canadian adults, low levels of literacy may keep them from fully participating in society.
- It puts the reader first and focuses on action.
How does clear language help?
- Saves time, and money because it gets the job done the first time.
- It reaches more people.
- It increases understanding while decreasing misunderstanding.
A Guide To Clear Language and Design by Tracy Defoe from The Learning Factor
If you are involved in communications, you may find these resources helpful:
- Plain Language Checklist for the Web, by the B.C. Government.
- Plain Language Course by the B.C. Government.
- Plain Language Guide by the Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau.
- The Five Steps to Plain Language by The Center for Plain Language.
- How to Write Clearly by the Publications Office of the European Union.
- The Canadian Encyclopedia has a large collection of Plain Language articles.
- The “Simple English” Wikipedia
- Age Friendly Communication by the Canadian Government has tips to communicate with seniors
- Clear Language Resources in the Burnaby Public Library book collection:
You must log in to post a comment.


The first major extinction that has to be reviewed occurred during the Hirnantian Age (approximately 445 million years ago). The Ordovician-Silurian extinction can be considered a global event because it eliminated up to 85% of all species living during the Ordovician period.
The extinction became known for affecting a large sample of marine families that could not avoid the extinction. For example, numerous families of trilobites disappeared completely as a result of the Ordovician-Silurian extinction while also causing quite a few graptolites to come close to complete extinction.
It can be argued that this wave of extinctions happened due to crucial climate change events, such as a constantly decreasing daily average temperature. The second wave of the Ordovician-Silurian extinction occurred closer to the end of the ice age when the climate became significantly warmer.
The second important extinction is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, also known as the K-T or the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. According to Hull et al., it was a global event that caused almost 80% of all species to disappear completely from the face of the Earth. The extinction occurred approximately 66 million years ago due to a meteorite hitting the planet and eliminating numerous species.
The most important organisms to have been eliminated by the K-T extinction were marine invertebrates and dinosaurs. Overall, the K-T extinction can be ranked third in terms of its severity compared to other major extinction episodes from different geologic eras.


Guidance for planning and conducting a co-design phase for collaboration in marine research projectsSebastian Ferse, Marie Fujitani & Rebecca Lahl
On-line Training Package: Part2/2: Waste Flow Diagram (WFD): A rapid assessment tool for mapping waste flows and quantifying plastic leakage., , &
Part 2 of 2 – This video entitled “Applying the Waste Flow Diagram” provides a technical explanation behind two of the critical methods within the Waste Flow Diagram toolkit – quantifying plastic leakage, and determining the fate of this plastic leakage in the environment. This is illustrated using the example of a dumpsite.
On-line Training Package: Part1/2: Waste Flow Diagram (WFD): A rapid assessment tool for mapping waste flows and quantifying plastic leakage, , &
Part 1 of 2 - the “Introduction to the Waste Flow Diagram” video explains the rationale toolkit, as well as providing guidance on how the tool simply visualises solid waste management systems and waste flows. In addition, the video further advises on how the toolkit quantifies plastic waste leakages, what the data requirement are and explains the unique link between the Waste Flow Diagram and the Sustainable Development Goal 11.6.1 - Proportion of urban solid...
User Manual: Waste Flow Diagram (WFD): A rapid assessment tool for mapping waste flows and quantifying plastic leakage. Version 1.0, , &
The Waste Flow Diagram user manual provides an explanation of the Waste Flow Diagram toolkit and in-depth guidance on how to apply it. This includes information on data collection issues, how to estimate plastic leakages, how to run scenarios, and how to visualise the waste flows.
Toolkit: Waste Flow Diagram (WFD): A rapid assessment tool for mapping waste flows and quantifying plastic leakage. Version 1.0., , &
The Waste Flow Diagram toolkit is an excel-based model allowing users to perform a rapid assessment of municipal solid waste flows within a city or municipality. The tool maps these waste flows using Sankey diagrams and quantifies the plastic waste that is emitted from the solid waste management system and its eventual fate in the environment. The toolkit is specifically designed to integrate with SDG 11.6.1 by informing on the sub-indicators, and can be operated...


A screenplay or script is a written work by screenwriters for a film, video game, or television program. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A play for television is also known as a teleplay.
Format and style
The format is structured in a way that one page usually equates to one minute of screen time. In a "shooting script", each scene is numbered, and technical direction may be given. In a "spec" or a "draft" in various stages of development, the scenes are not numbered, and technical direction is at a minimum. The standard font for a screenplay is 12 point, 10 pitch Courier Typeface.
The major components are action and dialogue. The "action" is written in the present tense. The "dialogue" are the lines the characters speak. Unique to the screenplay (as opposed to a stage play) is the use of slug lines.
A slug line, also called a master scene heading, occurs at the start of every scene, and is usually made up of three parts. Part one states whether the scene is set inside (interior/INT.) outside (exterior/EXT.), or both. Part two states location of the scene. Part three, separated from Part two by a hyphen, refers to the time of the scene. Each slug line begins a new scene. In a shooting script, the slug lines are numbered consecutively. These scene numbers serve as mile-post markers in a script. This allows any part of the script to be referred to by scene number.