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A new study from MIT found that the risk of contracting COVID-19 indoors is the same when socially distanced 6 feet apart and 60 feet apart, challenging the rules from both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding social distance.
The research was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. It used a quantitative approach based on the best available data.
Specifically, MIT researchers Martin Z. Bazant, professor of chemical engineering and applied mathematics, and John W. M. Bush, professor of applied mathematics, say that people who maintain 6 feet of distance indoors are no more protected than if they were 60 feet apart – even when wearing a mask.
The most important factor is the amount of time spent indoors rather than how far apart people stand from one another — they say.
“Many spaces that have been shut down in fact don’t need to be.” (…) “Often space and ventilation are good enough, the amount of time people spend together is such that those spaces can be safely operated even at full capacity.”
Since the pandemic started in March 2020, ideas about COVID transmission have been changing. In the beginning, experts believed that touching surfaces were the leading cause. Now, they say that the virus is transmitted through droplets released when people talk, sneeze, and cough.
These MIT researchers created a model to calculate exposure risk based on the amount of time indoors, air filtration, immunizations, variants, and breathing.
Last month, the CDC dropped the distancing guidance to 3 feet for classroom settings.
MIT’s analysis is based on the fact that in enclosed spaces, tiny airborne pathogen-bearing droplets emitted by people as they talk, cough, sneeze, sing, or eat will tend to float in the air for long periods and to be well-mixed throughout the space by air currents.
• MIT News: A method to assess Covid-19 transmission risks in indoor settings


The Mission of Switzerland to the European Union is proud to present the exciting science & art project Act like you mean it, a fiveact “lecture-performance” in which researchers explore the secrets of love, both in real life and on the stage.
We have all experienced being deeply touched by the actors and actresses while watching a play, but how do they convey such complex feelings? And do they really “love” or “hate” their partners that much while acting, or do they merely pretend? Arts and sciences have a long tradition of quarreling over such questions like ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ acting, emotional identification or distant simulation. Using modern techniques of imaging brain activity, a joint research program Authenticity of Emotion has been carried out to examine whether topclass actors use emotions in their performances.
The project team of ‘Act like you mean it’ consists of two Swiss researchers: a neurologist, Thomas Grunwald from the Swiss Epilepsy Centre in Zurich and a dramaturge Anton Rey, from the Institute of Performing Arts and Film at Zurich University of the Arts.
Illustrated by Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet balcony scene, research leaders Anton Rey and Thomas Grunwald present their findings in a part scientific lecture, part performance in five acts. They are assisted by two young Swiss professional actors – Ms Annina Euling and Mr Jan Beller, both from Zurich University of the Arts.


A democratic political system is one in which the power to rule supposedly lies in the hands of citizens who have the freedom to choose their leaders. The word ‘democracy’ comes from the Greek word meaning ‘popular government’.
Despite its supporters who keep talking about its theoretical benefits, democracy has a number of drawbacks as a practical system of governance.
- Encourages corruption
Since elected leaders have access to enormous budgets, they are often tempted to misuse the money for their own interests. Moreover, politicians who have supporters and friends who make contributions for election campaigns might feel indebted to these people and might try to give them favors in the future.
- Can lead to wrong choices
In a democratic form of government, running for office is easy so long as the basic requirements are met. Virtually anyone who has the money to spend can influence voters and defeat a candidate who is more eligible but lacks the resources to run a campaign. Democracy often gives power to corrupt and power-hungry people without the moral requisites, intellectual skills or the will to lead a nation.
- Makes voting a personal choice
According to critics, one of the big disadvantages of democracy is the freedom not to vote, because voting is considered a privilege and not an obligation. There are always people who choose not to cast their votes for lack of motivation or awareness.
- Makes decision-making tedious
Another disadvantage is that unlike in a dictatorship or monarchy where decisions are made by one individual, democracy follows complex procedures for decision-making which can take a long time, as everyone might not agree.
- Favors majority
Democracy looks to quantity and to quality. Since leaders are elected by a majority vote, shrewd politicians can make use of their money and power to persuade the majority to vote for them. This also puts off minority voters from participating in the electoral process as they deem it pointless. This is a serious downside because numbers do not prove rightness in any situation.
- Creates Dynasties
In many developing countries, rich businessmen and politicians have managed to abuse their positions of power to create dynastic rule for their families, turning democracy into a mockery.
Thus elections in democracy are a farce in which common people are fed a delusion of being in a state of decision-making, while they are not actually in a position to judge the candidate on merit, or even influence the outcome.


Stressed populations in post-disaster, post-war and/or impoverished situations will likely experience disruptions in electric power. Often, the infrastructure will have been severely damaged and alternative electrical power sources will be needed until the system can be restored. In other cases, where a population is displaced and is living in a temporary camp, electrical power will be needed for lights to provide security, heating or cooling, and to meet many other life support requirements that consume electrical power. Stable power for internet and communications is becoming increasingly important. Comms, Lift, and Power must be considered together. The initial emphasis after a disaster will be on delivering key supplies such as food, water, and building materials, but without communications there won’t be situational awareness of what needs to go where, and without power there won’t be communications, and both will need lift to move them to where they’ll be needed. Integrated, renewable and mobile energy solutions are key in providing sustainable support in development and reconstruction environments.
Many variables need to be considered in order to provide sustainable and self-sustaining power solutions for small and large scale operations in emergency environments. If there is no stable power grid, alternative solutions (derived from wind, solar, micro-hydro, hybrid, etc.) may be critical to survival or recovery. However, not every power provision suits all situations. The needs of individuals, resource availability and the integration of civil-military capabilities sharing in the scenario all play a role in determining the most fitting integrated approach to energy solutions.
STAR-TIDES provides a useful database of information for inexpensive, sustainable power technologies and infrastructure solutions for emergency situations and development scenarios with minimal transportation costs.
Further references are on our Global Innovation Exchange Power page:


Using instream stationary antennas to monitor the movements of warm water fishes in a reach of stream bisected by a culvert
Date of Award
Master of Science in Integrative Biology (MSIB)
William Ensign, Ph. D.
First Committee Member
Herman Ray, Ph. D.
Second Committee Member
Troy Mutchler, Ph. D.
In this study I investigated the differences in the non-migratory movement patterns of six fish species in a 280m reach of stream bisected by a culvert (impeded), and a 300m reach of stream with no movement barriers (unimpeded). This study took place between July 1, 2018 and November 14, 2018 in Raccoon Creek, Paulding County, Georgia. I used 12mm passive integrated transponder tags and four instream stationary antennas to monitor the movements 429 fishes. The antennas redetected 262 of the 429 individuals (61.1%), and 48% of fishes were redetected more than 10 times. The proportion of tagged individuals detected by species ranged from 53.3% (Lepomis auritus) to 90% (Hypentelium etowanum). The proportion of detected fishes that moved at least 150m in the unimpeded reach ranged from 41% for L auritus to 100% for Moxostoma duquesni. A multi-state model was implemented to estimate the probability of weekly upstream and downstream movement in the unimpeded reach (upstream= 0.11, 95% CI = 0.08 - 0.16, downstream= 0.07, 95% CI = 0.04 - 0.10), and in the impeded reach (upstream= 0.01, 95% CI = 0.001 -0.04, downstream= 0.01, 95% CI = 0.004-0.02). The patterns of movement observed in this study suggest that conservation managers should consider movements of 150m as a potentially frequent weekly occurrence for the species monitored, and other closely related fishes. This study demonstrates the potential long-term impact a culvert can have on the natural movement patterns of stream fishes.


Asbestos is a group of six naturally occurring minerals that were once widely used in industrial applications. It was commonly used as insulation for homes, in shipbuilding, for car parts and a host of other uses.
While asbestos is a natural substance, it was discovered that when fibers are breathed in they can get stuck in the lungs. Eventually, scar tissue and inflammation can cause catastrophic health issues for the person. One important note is you don’t have to be directly exposed to asbestos to end up with mesothelioma. Instead, secondary and even tertiary exposure can lead to mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma isn’t the only condition asbestos can cause
While many people think about pleural mesothelioma as the only condition that can stem from asbestos exposure, there are other conditions. Ovarian, larynx, stomach, colorectum and pharynx cancers can also stem from asbestos exposure. Another condition, asbestosis, can also occur. This is a permanent inflammation of the lungs.
The health risks that come with exposure to asbestos are life-threatening. Mesothelioma, for example, is a terminal cancer. Currently, there isn’t a cure for it, but there’s considerable research being done to try to find a suitable treatment that does more than just prolong life.
One problematic factor that makes these conditions so hard to treat is that they usually don’t become evident until they’re advanced. Mesothelioma can take decades to appear after the exposure to asbestos. This means that precious time is wasted because treatment wasn’t started while the condition was mild.
Individuals who have mesothelioma are facing a difficult journey with all the medical care and life changes. They should seek compensation to help them cover the costs of everything they’re paying for because of the mesothelioma.


A seatbelt could ‘save you’ in several different ways – and it’s not in the way you think, claims a motoring expert.
Motorists are well aware that wearing a seatbelt is mandatory for your safety, however one expert has revealed there are other lesser known functions of the belt.
TikTok user @chequanlaosi reveals a handy tip which involves checking the seatbelt’s label to see when the car was made.
The TikToker claims if you discover that the production date is earlier than the seatbelt, then that could mean the car has been in an accident.
In the video titled ‘these hidden secrets of car seat belts can save your life at critical moments,’ the expert begins: “90 per cent of people only know to wear car seatbelts, but I bet you do not know a seatbelt had these four hidden functions.
“First, when the car breaks down, pull out the seatbelt all the way, close the door and then hang on the shoulder so you can control the direction with one hand.
“And then use your whole body to push the car.”
When describing another tip the TikTok user said: “Second, when buying a car, to prevent buying a flooded car, you must pull the seatbelt to the bottom.
“Look at the bottom of the seatbelt, and if there’s mud or a mouldy smell, it is likely to be a water bubble car.”
His final tip is in the event of an accident and being trapped in the car, you should use the metal belt buckle to hit the edge of the car window to escape.
While some people thought his advice was ‘nothing new’ others were less convinced his ideas would safely work. One TikTok user claimed: “Should get your facts right before posting videos.”


Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastic and reprocessing it into useful and functional products. This is called plastic recycling. Recycling plastic has two goals: to reduce plastic pollution and to make new plastic products with less demand on virgin materials. This helps conserve resources and divert plastics from landfills and unintended destinations like the oceans.
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Recycling plastic is essential
Plastics are lightweight, durable and cost-effective. Plastics can be easily molded into many products that have many uses. Plastics are used in a variety of products that are used worldwide every year.
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What plastics are recyclable?
Six types of plastics are common. Here are some examples of products that you might find for each type of plastic.
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- PS (Polystyrene). – Examples: foam hot drinks cups, plastic cutlery and containers, as well as yogurt.
- PP (Polypropylene). – Examples: Lunch boxes, take-out containers, ice cream containers.
- Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) – Examples: bags and garbage bins.
- PVC (Plasticised polyvinyl chloride, or polyvinylchloride)–Examples: juice, cordial or squeeze bottles.
- HDPE (High density polyethylene) – Examples: Shampoo containers and milk bottles.
- PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) – Examples: Soft drink bottles and fruit juice.
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Only PET, HDPE and PVC products can be recycled in curbside recycling programs. PS, PP and LDPE are typically not recyclable because they are more expensive and difficult to process.2 Bottle tops and lids are also not recyclable. Plastic recycling is complicated. Plastics that aren’t economically viable to recycle are not all recyclable.


As is the case with many of us today, “going green” is becoming more and more routine in our daily lives. Whether it is walking instead of driving or simply turning the lights off, each of us is taking little steps to reduce our carbon footprint. When it comes to propane, there can be a lot of unanswered questions as to its environmental effects. Thankfully, our North Texas propane experts at Northwest Propane can answer them for you.
Is Propane a “Green” Gas?
The most common question regarding propane gas would seem to be: is propane a “green” gas? Yes! Propane is one of the cleanest burning fossil fuels. Approved by the Clean Air Act of 1990 as an alternative fuel, propane is not harmful to soil or water. Propane-powered appliances produce less greenhouse gas emissions than their electric counterparts.
Even when it comes to grilling, propane proves itself as the go-to green option. A charcoal grill releases 105 times more carbon monoxide into the environment than a propane-powered one. This makes the choice when it comes to cooking extremely clear. Water heaters also prove no contest for propane, as electric water heaters emit 2.5 times more greenhouse gasses than our propane alternatives.
Contact Us Today!
At Northwest Propane, we know you have a choice when it comes to your energy options. Be it for a grill, fireplace, heater, or any other essential appliance, propane has proven itself as an extremely efficient, environmentally-friendly option. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to give our Dallas TX propane company a call today, or contact us online for details.


Congratulations! You’re about to take the first steps in improving your memory.
[To play this game, click on the large picture above and you will see the word Construct3 appear on the screen. Wait a few seconds until the game loads and then you are set to go!]
While playing Cross the Bridge you give your short term memory and concentration a workout.
What is your brain doing?
See how many brain areas are working hard when you are playing ‘Crossing the Bridge’.
As the colour sequences get longer, the capacity of your short-term memory stretches.
Look out for the tips in the game, too.
They will help you find ways to rehearse the sequences into your long-term memory.
e.g. Repeating the order of the blocks rapidly will help you progress to the next levels.
Have you ever heard the name of a book, or a telephone number that you are sure you will remember, only to have it vanish into thin air?
This happens for two reasons:
1. Not enough focus on the incoming information
2. Not enough rehearsal (perhaps by repetition) to lodge it firmly into your long-term memory
Information like names, phone numbers or sequences of colours stays in the short-term memory for only 20 to 30 seconds. Unless you concentrate or focus on what you need to recall later, it will simply drop out of your memory altogether.
Short-term memory is vitally important because it is the ‘gateway’ through which everything you want to remember passes. The longer you can train yourself to hold information in this part of your memory, the more chance you will have of remembering it later.
Quick note: Short-term memory covers everything that is in your memory right now as you read this. (It is a common myth that short-term memory has failed when you can’t remember what happened yesterday, or an hour ago).
Like to learn more about improving Short-term Memory?
This 33-page eBook tells you what you need to do.


WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. — Award-winning author, renowned poet and civil rights activist Dr. Maya Angelou has died. She was 86.
Dr. Angelou had a huge impact on campus at Wake Forest University.
Wake Forest Provost Rogan Kersh said Dr. Angelou was woven into the fabric at the school.
Dr. Angelou taught for 32 years at Wake Forest University, beginning in spring 1983. Many of those classes she taught at her home in Winston-Salem.
Many of the professors at Wake Forest University said Dr. Angelou was like a mother and a mentor.
“She knew what to say to you in that moment,” Associate Provost for Diversity and Inclusion Barbee Oakes said. “I would be with her before she would speak… and that moment on stage. She would collect herself, reach that place deep inside of her and go out and do what she needed to do.”
Dr. Angelou was scheduled to teach a class this fall titled “Race, Gender and Culture in the South, U.S. and Beyond.”
The university issued a statement on Wednesday:
Today members of the Wake Forest University community mourn the loss of beloved poet, author, actress, civil rights activist and professor Dr. Maya Angelou.
Dr. Angelou was a national treasure whose life and teachings inspired millions around the world, including countless students, faculty, and staff at Wake Forest, where she served as Reynolds Professor of American Studies since 1982.
“Maya Angelou has been a towering figure — at Wake Forest and in American culture. She had a profound influence in civil rights and racial reconciliation. We will miss profoundly her lyrical voice and always keen insights.” – Wake Forest University President Nathan O. Hatch
Our thoughts and prayers are with Dr. Angelou’s family and friends during this difficult time.
Details about a campus memorial service may be shared at a later date.


“Not truth, but faith it is that keeps the world alive.” – Edna St. Vincent Millay.
Edna St. Vincent Millay, who was born in Maine in February 1892, won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry – only the third woman to win the award in that category – in 1923. And just to show that she wasn’t a “one hit wonder,” she won the Frost Medal for her lifetime contribution to American poetry 20 years later. In between, she wrote many, many great poems and earned the accolade from fellow poet Richard Wilbur that “She wrote some of the best sonnets of the century.” Prose writer Thomas Hardy said America had two great attractions: The skyscraper and the poetry of Edna St. Vincent Millay.
Millay, who graduated from Vassar and spent much of her adult life in New York, also wrote plays and prose (under the pseudonym Nancy Boyd). She once said, “A person who publishes a book willfully appears before the populace with his pants down. If it is a good book nothing can hurt him. If it is a bad book nothing can help him.” Hers were good, and her poetry was even better.
A feminist and activist for human rights, she railed against bigotry and hatred. “Let us forget such words, and all they mean, as Hatred, Bitterness and Rancor, Greed, Intolerance, Bigotry,” she said. “Let us renew our faith and pledge to Man, his right to be Himself, and free.”
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A San Jose by any other name would still be as sweet... right?
Given how many nicknames San Jose boasts, it’s surprising to realize that San Jose’s official name has had several variations through the centuries.
Today, we’re taking you through the many historical names our city (and its land) has known.
An indigenous past + present
Since 10,300 years ago, this land was home to several indigenous groups — broadly known as the Ohlone — who called the region Thámien.
Due to Spanish colonization, many original, indigenous placenames were lost, but according to SJSU’s Anthropology Lecturer Emeritus Alan Leventhal, many names would have focused on places of importance and would have varied from tribe to tribe.
Since the 1970s, the Muwekma Ohlone have worked with local anthropologists to rename local sites in their traditional languages. For example, the Coyote Hills would translate to “Máyyan Šáatošikma.”
The Spanish legacy
In 1777, Captain Juan Bautista de Anza selected a site along the Guadalupe River for a Spanish civilian settlement named “El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe,” referencing:
- St. Joseph — the Catholic patron saint of pioneers + travelers.
- The Guadalupe River — whose namesake, the Virgin de Guadalupe, was the patron saint of the de Anza expedition.
By the 1800s, print publications started simplifying the name to “San José” for the city and the nearby township.
To é or not to é
On Dec. 11, 1943, the United States Board on Geographic Names removed the accent based on local usage + the formal, incorporated name.
However, in the 1960s and 1970s, residents and officials argued that the accent should be returned to honor the city’s Mexican origin and large Mexican-American community.
While City Council flip-flopped due to the cost of changing documents + signs, it eventually adopted the accent in 1979, which is still its official policy today.
These days, both the accent and non-accented version are equally used around town. So, we’re curious... Which version do you prefer and why? Let us know.


ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY, vol.57, no.1, pp.35-38, 2007 (SCI-Expanded)
In this study, the frequencies of 111 antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria obtained from cultured sea bass were investigated. All the strains were identified and tested whether they were resistive against ten different antibiotics or not. The results showed that most of the bacteria were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, cephalotin, tetracycline and streptomycin. It was found multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranging from 0.3-0.8 for the bacteria isolated from gill. A large number of Pseudomanas putida, (25.2%), Moellerella wisconsensis (18%) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (10.81%) were identified. Also, strains of Ralstonia, pickettii (9%), Vibrio fluvialis (8.1%), Pantoea sp. (7.2%) and Erwinia sp. (5.4%) were found. This study suggested that Turkish sea bass farms have antibacterial multiresistance bacteria and may play as a reservoirs response for disease pathogen bacteria.


Biodegradable Transistors made from Human Body !!!
A team of researchers including Ph.D. students Elad Mentovich and Netta Hendler of TAU’s Department of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, with supervisor Dr. Shachar Richter and in collaboration with Prof. Michael Gozin and his Ph.D. student Bogdan Belgorodsky had developed a new generation of nano-sized technology that are both flexible and biodegradable to replace silicon in the field of semiconductor electronics. Researchers have integrated cutting edge techniques from different fields of science to create protein based transistors. Now they are about to made semiconductors that used to power electronics devices from organic materials found in the human body.
We know that silicon is a semiconductor element, which is the basis of modern electronics world, including cellphones and computers. But according to Tel Aviv University researchers, silicon is becoming outdated very quickly in today’s industries producing smaller and smaller products which are less harmful to the environment.
The new discovery is made of milk, blood and mucus proteins which have the ability to self-assemble in a semiconducting film. The researchers have already succeed in making biodegradable display screens and they are trying to make the entire electronic devices biodegradable.
One of the main challenges in choosing silicon as a semiconductor for making transistor is that, it must be made through top down approach. That is the manufactures starts with a sheet of silicon, then they shape it as they needed and further processing is done on it. This method is very difficult, inefficient and thus limits the capabilities of transistors when it comes to factors such as size and flexibility.
The researchers tuned to a different approach by using biology and chemistry to build the ideal transistor. They found that by various combinations of milk, blood and mucus proteins to any base material , the molecules self-assembled to create a semiconducting film on nano scale.
Mentovich said an example that in the case of blood proteins, the film is approximately four nanometres high and the current technology now in use is 18 nanometres. He also added that the three different kinds of proteins creates a complete circuit with electronic and optical capabilities. The ability of blood protein to absorb oxygen permits the doping of semiconductors with specific chemical in-order to create specific technological properties.
Very informative…looking forward for more information


Northern, Southern and Western Europe
Finland ranks 7 out of 162 countries in the Gender Inequality Index, where a high rank equals high equality. Women should always be considered as a particularly vulnerable group though.
Finland has a Workplace Index score of 1.9, a Marketplace Index score of 2.3 and a Community and Environment Index score of 2.0 in the Children’s Rights and Business Atlas, where countries receive scores between 0 and 10. A score closer to 0 reflects a need for basic children’s rights due diligence, while a higher score reflects a need for enhanced or heightened due diligence. Children should always be considered as a particularly vulnerable group though.
Persons with Disabilities
Due to differences in data collection and definitions it is difficult to compare countries on disability prevalence rates. Persons with disabilities should always be considered as a particularly vulnerable group though.
Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
According to the World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, main minority groups in Finland include Swedish–speakers (5.3 %), Russian-speakers (1.4 %), Estonians (0.9 %), Roma (0.2 %, and Sámi (0.1 %). Numbering around 8,000 people (with some estimates reaching 10,000), Sámi are the country’s only indigenous people. A sizeable number live in northernmost Lapland. Present-day Finnish Jews, estimated to number up to 1,800 people, are mainly descendants of later arrivals of Russian origin. Similarly, Islamic Tatars came to Finland from the Sergatch region on the Volga from the 1880s to the 1920s. They were merchants and settled mainly in the Helsinki area. According to government documents in 2007, Tatars number about 800, although the total number of Muslims in Finland (many of them recent immigrants from various countries in the Islamic world) is unofficially estimated to be around 60-70,000 people.
According to the ILO Global Estimates on International Migrant Workers, migrant workers as a proportion of all workers is 18.4 % in the subregion Northern, Southern and Western Europe.
Persons in Armed Conflict
Finland ranks 179 out of 179 countries in the Fragile States Index, where a high rank equals high fragility. For monthly crisis updates, check out CrisisWatch.


How we see ourselves has so much to do with our willingness to dream. All the hoopla about various forms of equity fall short if children feel hope does not apply to them. What may make a real difference to children is the sense that they belong to a successful group. School grades, however, create winners and losers. Take away school grades and it becomes possible to have real integration, not only by race and economic class but also by academic achievement. Unfortunately, with school grades, ‘A’ school parents are worried their children might suffer if lower achieving students enroll. The ‘A’ grade will fall even if their children have the same courses and teachers.
Richard Rothstein studies this issue. In an article published by the Economic Policy Institute entitled Revived Debate Over School Busing Highlights Deepening Racial Segregation, Rothstein begins with Kamala Harris’ statement in the presidential debate: “That child was me”. She is now running for president, and she was bused to school as a child. Is there a causal link? Read Rothstein’s article. How we see ourselves has so much to do with our own notion of what we can and cannot do.
My school district has passed a large facilities building program. It has instituted a strong equity program. Will it also consider alternative routes to achieve a better racial and economic balance in our schools? Housing patterns make this difficult but not impossible. Real change in achievement takes a commitment to a sense of belonging for all children. It is a difficult road, but maybe the best goal over the long run.


i4.genetic algorithm and evolutionary algorithm
Q. What are genetic algorithm and evolutionary algorithm?
Genetic algorithm (GA) is a sub-class of evolutionary algorithm (EA).
There are 3 implementation of EAs: GA, evolution strategies (ES), and evolutionary programming (EP). Among these, GAs have proved to be the most popular of the 3 EAs. These algorithms are similar in general, yet there are big differences among them:
GA: They were developed by Holland and thoroughly reviewed by Goldberg;
ES: They were developed by Rechenberg and Schwefe; and
EP: It was developed by L.J. Fogel and D.B. Fogel.
Similarity and Differences:
All 3 operate on fixed length strings, which contain real values in ESs and EP and binary numbers in the canonical GA.
All 3 incorporate a mutation operator: for ESs and EP mutation is the driving force. GAs and ESs also use a recombination operator, which is the primary operator for the GA.
All 3 use a selection operator which applies evolutionary pressure, either instinctive (in ESs and EP, the operator determines which individuals will be excluded from the new population) or preservative (in the GA the operator selects individuals for breeding)..
In GAs and EP selection is probabilistic, while ESs use a deterministic selection. ESs and meta-EP allow self-adaptation, where parameters controlling mutation are allowed to evolve along with object variables. Finally, it is worth noting that the implementer is free to modify these algorithms. For example, the GA can be run using an integer alphabet.


1:1 ratio of sodium to calories
A general rule to follow should be that the amount of sodium contained within each serving of food should match the caloric content of the item. This can be considered a 1 to 1 ratio of sodium to calories.
Example from label: 190mg sodium > 140 calories in 1 ounce. Now this sodium ratio is fairly close. It could be deemed acceptable based upon other foods consumed with this product. However, this food should be avoided because it contains oil and is more than 40% fat. Always be sure to check the serving size, serving sizes vary greatly some serving sizes are listed in teaspoons, tablespoons, and ounces (oz) or grams (g).
For example: If an item contains 100 calories per serving and it contains approximately 300mg of sodium or more per serving it would be best to avoid this food. Try to find products that contain little to no added salt or are lower in sodium.
According to the American Heart Association ([AHA], 2016), Americans should limit their sodium consumption to “no more than 2,300 miligrams (mgs) a day and an ideal limit of no more than 1,500 mg per day for most adults” (para. 1). Therefore, if our diet should contain approximately 2,000 to 2,400 calories per day, that means for every 100 calories consumed, 100mg of sodium can be consumed. This equals the approximate 1 to 1 ratio of sodium to calories. The lower recommendation of 1,500 is an ideal goal. According to the AHA, “1 teaspoon salt = 2,300mg” of sodium (para. 6). Also, the AHA (2016) recognizes that the human body needs no more than 500mg of salt per day to function properly (para. 15).
Watch this video on “Label Reading: Soy Sauce Alternative is Worse?” by Jeff Novick.
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Human Anatomy Worksheet is a comprehensive guide to the human skeleton, which covers everything from the bones and muscles to the nerves and organs. The PDF includes 3 separate PDF files that focus on bone structure, spinal cord structure, cranial nerve structure, and facial features. What is included:
A3 size, letter-sized printable, high-quality booklet including three individual pages of the skull anatomy worksheets and two pages of text explanation. Ideal for classrooms, researchers and educators.
Skull Anatomy Worksheets
Human Anatomy Worksheet is a guide to the human skeleton and includes detailed descriptions of each section of skeletal structures in order to facilitate a thorough understanding of anatomy of bones, muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments. What is included:
A single, full-color page with one complete illustration, a single line of text explaining the function of a skeletal structure, and a concise overview of what the structure is used for. Ideal for students and teachers.
Human Anatomy Worksheet is a detailed guide to the human skeleton and includes descriptions of skeletal structures in the skeletal system. What is included:
A single page with six anatomical structures, including the skull, mandible, cranium, dentition, ribs, shoulder, pelvis, hip, hind foot, thigh, forearm, rib cage, and humerus. Ideal for teachers, students, researchers and clinicians.


Residential fire is, and has always been, a real danger. It's reported that fire departments respond to a fire about every 23 seconds; an estimated 1.4 million fires that resulted in 3,500 civilian fire fatalities and an estimated $29.1 billion in property damage. An estimated 358,500 home fires occur every year. 50% of these fires start in the kitchen, 7% begin in the bedroom, and 6% are chimney fires, 4% of all residential home fires start in the living room, while 3% start from the laundry room.
Smoke and Fire Alarms
Remember, home fire safety begins with a working smoke detector. A smoke detector is probably the most important safety device you can have in your home.
Smoke Detector Types
1. Ionization-Works faster in a flaming fire
2. Photoelectric-Works faster in a smoldering fire
3. Dual sensor- Works fast in either type of fire
• Test your detector every month by pressing and holding the “Test” button
• Vacuum the vents of the detector at least once a year
• Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions
• The National Fire Protection Association recommends replacing your smoke detectors every 10 years
Have you seen the Updated Illinois Smoke Alarm Law?
Check it out here: https://www.ifsa.org/smoke-alarm-law


IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more.
Hubert-François Gravelot, 1699–1773, French, active in Britain (1733–45), Design for a Vignette: The King of France Surrounded by Courtiers, undated
Design for a Vignette: The King of France Surrounded by Courtiers
- Pen and black ink, graphite, red chalk, and gold leaf on medium, slightly textured, cream laid paper
- Mount: 11 1/8 × 11 inches (28.3 × 27.9 cm), Contemporary drawn border: 5 3/8 x 7 1/8 inches (13.7 x 18.1 cm), Sheet: 3 5/8 x 5 3/8 inches (9.2 x 13.7 cm)
Inscribed in graphite, on mount, upper right: "6710 A Mellon" 49", in graphite, lower right: "176"; Verso: inscribed in graphite, upper right: "68/12/20/77"
- Credit Line:
- Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection
- Copyright Status:
- Public Domain
- Accession Number:
- Drawings & Watercolors
- Prints and Drawings
- Subject Terms:
- courtiers | design (discipline) | figure study | figures (illustrations) | king (person) | throne room | vignettes
- Associated People:
- Louis XV (1710–1774), king of France and of Navarre
- Accessible by appointment in the Study Room [Request]
Note: The Study Room is open by appointment. Please visit the Study Room page on our website for more details.
- IIIF Manifest:
If you have information about this object that may be of assistance please contact us.


|Date of Birth||November 29, 1752|
|Place of Birth||Rhode Island|
Jemima Wilkinson was born on November 29, 1752 in Rhode Island. She died on Jul 1, 1819 (age 66). a member of the Society of Universal Friends and leader of the Quaker faith who advocated for sexual celibacy and the acceptance of all gender identities and expressions. Her adherents felt that they were neither male nor female and so refused to answer to the names they were given at birth.
She spent her childhood in Rhode Island attending services of silent worship at the Smithfield Meeting House. After suffering from a terrible case of typhoid in the 1770s, she asserted that God personally commissioned her to share the gospel of Christ and spread his word. Following their relocation to New York, she and her followers established herself as the first white people Native Americans in the area engaged in commercial exchange with. She was born Amy and Jeremiah Wilkinson’s daughter. Jeremiah was her father.
Jemima Wilkinson’s house was a simple one room cabin. It had a dirt floor and a thatched roof. The walls were made of logs and the door was a piece of hide. There was a small fireplace in one corner and a bed in the other. Jemima lived here with her husband and their two children.


The Council of Boards of School Education (COBSE) has been established as a non-profit, autonomous Organization. It is a consortium of all Boards of school education in India and abroad. It works for the promotion of school education including curriculum reforms and improvement of Educational systems.
The Council of Boards of School Education (COBSE) is a consortium of all the Boards of school education in India, acting as a service agency and Bureau of information which facilitates communication amongst all the Member Boards.
The primary motive of the Council of Boards of School Education (COBSE) is to establish and maintain implicative enhancements in the field of school education. It also aims to utilize all the procreative mediums for the successful attainment of the purpose.
The Council of Boards of School Education in India (COBSE) is an association of various school education boards in India. It was formed with the objective of promoting inter-state cooperation and exchange of ideas among school education boards in the country.
COBSE comprises of 27 member boards, which include the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), and various state boards such as the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, the Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad, and the Bihar School Examination Board, among others.
The main activities of COBSE include conducting research and studies on school education, developing guidelines and standards for various aspects of school education, and promoting best practices among member boards. It also organizes workshops, conferences, and training programs for teachers and administrators to enhance their skills and knowledge.
COBSE plays an important role in ensuring the quality and uniformity of school education across the country, and is recognized as a key stakeholder in the development of school education policies and programs in India.
Copyright © 2021 COUNCIL of Board of School Education.Designed & Developed By AWS


This kindergarten math journal is print and digital to meet your needs for your classroom. Using these math journals to spiral your math curriculum makes it so that your kindergarten students can build mastery and confidence in their math skills.
Math skills included:
-Count forward beginning from a given number
-Write numbers 1-20
-Counting objects up to 20
-Drawing objects up to 10
-Counting on ten frames, tally marks, ten rods, and with pictures
-Adding with pictures
-Addition number sentences
This includes a file to print and a digital file for Google Slides!
IMPORTANT: The digital journal included in the file is ideal for Google Classroom, Google Slides, and distance learning. When you purchase this resource, you will receive a download with the link to add this journal to your Google Drive. You do not need to have Google Classroom to use it. However, you need a Google Drive account to access it.
How To Use Digitally:
As you teach math concepts to your students, there are a few different options on how to share this resource with your students. You can:
- Copy the pages with the skill you are teaching or reviewing and share with your students.
- Share all of the journal with your students so they can work at their own pace or so you can assign them certain pages to work on each day.
Check out the preview for a better look!
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Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that has been practiced for over 5,000 years. It is a holistic approach to health and wellness that focuses on the balance of the mind, body, and spirit.
One of the core principles of Ayurveda is the belief that we are all unique individuals with different constitutional types, or doshas. The three doshas – vata, pitta, and kapha – represent the different combinations of the five elements (earth, water, fire, air, and ether) that make up our physical and mental characteristics.
In order to achieve optimal health, it is important to understand our own unique dosha and how to balance it through diet, lifestyle, and self-care practices.One way to do this is by incorporating Ayurvedic principles into our daily routines. This can include things like eating a diet that is appropriate for our individual dosha, practicing yoga and meditation, and using herbs and oils for self-massage.
Another important aspect of Ayurveda is the concept of “agni,” or digestive fire. A strong agni is essential for proper digestion and metabolism, and can be supported through things like regular meal times, appropriate food combining, and avoiding processed and heavy foods.In addition to these self-care practices, Ayurveda also offers a range of healing therapies such as herbal remedies, massage, and panchakarma (a detoxification and rejuvenation program).
Overall, Ayurveda is a powerful tool for achieving optimal health and wellness. By understanding our unique doshas and incorporating Ayurvedic principles into our daily lives, we can create a balanced and harmonious state of being.If you are interested to learn more about Ayurveda and how it can benefit your health, I will be writing more blogs on this subject in the future. So stay tuned for more insights and tips on Ayurveda.
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Artificial turf and fall protection surfaces on playgrounds often contain small grains of rubber or plastic, so-called granules. Granules are used to make the surface soft and elastic/springy. The material can be made from recycled car tyres or from newly manufactured plastic or rubber.
Is it dangerous to use surfaces with granules?
There are no studies that show that it is harmful to health to use artificial turf or other surfaces with granules. However, there are knowledge gaps in the field, and we know that the granules may contain hazardous substances. To ensure safety, it can therefore be good to take some precautions when you plan to use or have used an artificial turf surface or playground with granules. You can, for example
- try to avoid getting granules in your mouth
- brush granules off clothing and shoes to avoid bringing them home
- wash your hands.
How do surfaces with granules affect our environment?
The use of granules on artificial turf and fall protection contributes to increased microplastics in the environment. When it rains or when snow melts on artificial turf or a fall protection surface, hazardous substances can leak out of the material. There is a risk that the substances will spread in the environment and that they will reach our treatment plants. Therefore, the use of granules can contribute to the increased presence of substances that are hazardous to our health and the environment.
Read more about the environmental impact of artificial turf on the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency’s website. External link.


On 21 August, Franek’s 17th Company is in the shelter-caves to shield itself from the Italians’ annihilation bombing…
Hauptmann Stanislau Wieronski, experienced Polish officer, leads three companies of the K.u.K. Infantry Regiment Nr.11 counterattacking the Italians.
Oberleutnant Joahnn Fousek is isolated: he groups his men as they leave their cave-shelters, then he organizes rifle fire against the Italian attackers.
THE FIVE CROSSES
War actions of five Austro-Hungarian officers. Lieutenants Johann Fousek, Theodor Wanke, Friederich Tischer, Friedrich Franek, and Captain Stanislau Wieronski.
…THEY RESISTED UNTIL THE END
The Austrian-Hungarian K.u.K – Kaiserliche und Königliche Armee defended a multiethnic Europe, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, until the very end.
OUR VALOROUS BOSNIAKS
Austrian-Hungarians, especially the Bosniaken, contributed as much as their German allies to the victory of Caporetto – Kobarid. This is their story.


Among the most important aims of the Biden administration’s legislative agenda is to fix – which usually means to update and replace – vast portions of the nation’s infrastructure. This includes a wide array of projects, such as highways, broadband systems — and bridges. Bridges are at different states of disrepair nationwide, and the state with the most dangerous bridges is West Virginia. (This state has the worst highways in America.)
The bipartisan infrastructure bill (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act) has paved a way for the Biden administration’s goals to be met. The cornerstones of the ambitious plan are the $52.5 billion in federal highway apportionment and the $27 billion in funding to replace, repair, and rehabilitate bridges announced by the U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration.
One of the most pressing problems is that bridges are wearing out faster than expected due to “Deferred maintenance, climate change and heavier-than-anticipated traffic,” according to Axios.
Many estimates of the cost to repair America’s bridges are much larger than the money the administration provided in the bill. The American Road & Transportation Builders Association analyzed the Transportation Department’s 2021 National Bridge Inventory and found that 36% of America’s bridges need major repair work. The organization’s total bridge count nationwide is 619,588. Of these, 43,578 are in a dangerous state and need to be repaired or replaced immediately.
24/7 Wall St. reviewed the association’s 2022 Bridge Report to find the states with the most dangerous bridges. The report notes bridges that are particularly dangerous. States were ranked by the percent of bridges that are structurally deficient. Data is from the report.
The state with the most structurally deficient bridges is Iowa with 4,504, which represents 18.9% of its 23,870 bridges. Only one state has a higher percentage of structurally deficient bridges. In West Virginia, 20.5% of bridges are structurally deficient, but the raw figure is 1,490, much lower than Iowa’s count.
To illustrate how bad the Iowa and West Virginia numbers are, note that the three states with the lowest percentage of structurally deficient bridges are Arizona, Texas, and Nevada at 1.4%, and the number of structurally deficient bridges are 117, 789, and 29, respectively. (This is the worst city to drive in every state.)


https://besttutorshelp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/logoBTH-300x60.png 0 0 admin https://besttutorshelp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/logoBTH-300x60.png admin2022-10-31 13:43:362022-10-31 13:43:36dolution
After reading Chapter 18, where Moyer, McGuigan, and Rao (2018) remind us of the importance of efficiently controlling the level of inventory investment. In Sections 18-4 and 18-5 the authors describe the economic order quantity (EOQ) model as a tool that could be used to determine the optimum level of inventory. Write a short following the below format: Introduction: Briefly state the purpose of the essay. Body: Make sure to answer the following in your essay: Describe the benefits and costs associated with holding inventory. Calculate the EOQ in the following scenario: An office supply store sells 7,200 cases of pens a year and purchases a case for $50.00. The cost to place an order is $60.00 and the carrying cost of the pens in the warehouse is 20% of inventory value. Note: Show the calculations in your essay. Conclusion: End the essay with a brief conclusion. Word Count: The essay must be 300 words or more. Citations and References: You may supplement your answer with research from outside sources and include direct or indirect citations and references.


Empaako: sistema onomástico tradicional de las comunidades…Uganda
Lista de Salvaguardia Urgente 2013
EN: The mythical rock of Empaako. According to the folktales, the 12 names (Empaako) were discovered by the first people on earth written on a rock.
EN: The 12 honour names (Empaako) of the Batooro, Banyoro, Banyabindi, Batagwenda and Batuku of Western Uganda.
EN: The 12 honour names (Empaako) and the area where the tradition is practiced, marked on the map of Uganda.
EN: The 44 clans of the Bantu Speaking Communities of Western Uganda which transmit Empaako practice.
EN: Mr. Christopher Kalya, head of the Basonde Clan presiding over the Empaako naming ceremony at his home in Kyarusozi village, Kyenjojo District.
EN: People partaking Empaako naming meal in Kyarusozi village, Kyenjojo District in 2012.
EN: People offering gifts as capital to secure the future livelihood of a baby during Empaako naming ceremony.
EN: People planting a banana during Empaako naming ceremony in Kyarusozi, Kyenjojo District. This symbolises common obligation to guarantee subsistence and food security in the community.
EN: People planting a cycamore tree during Empaako naming ceremony in Kyarusozi, Kyenjojo District. This signifies perpetuity and abundant life of the clan brought out in the functions and characteristic of the cycamore tree and a rich natural environment.
EN: Linus Bakuraira receiving blessings by sitting on the lap of the head of Bazira clan during Empaako naming ceremony in Ntengo, Kyenjojo District.


Munir Ahmad Khan (1926-1999) was a Pakistani physicist.
Khan was born on May 20, 1926 in Islamabad, then a part of British India. In his early years, Khan studied at Government College in Lahore.
In 1951, Khan was awarded a U.S. government Fulbright Scholarship to study electrical engineering at North Carolina State University. He pursued further studies at the Illinois Institute of Technology, where he earned a master’s degree in nuclear engineering. During this time, Khan also trained as a reactor engineer at the Argonne National Laboratory. In 1958, Khan began a career at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria.
In 1972, Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto recruited Khan to work on the Pakistani nuclear program as the head of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). During the next few years, Khan led a plutonium production program and secured international support from France, Belgium, Canada, and West Germany. Although Pakistan’s nuclear program was initially under IAEA safeguards, international support for the program dried up after India’s first nuclear test in 1974.
After his return to Pakistan in 1976, physicist A. Q. Khan started a uranium enrichment program which supplanted Munir Ahmad Khan’s plutonium production as the primary path to the bomb. Khan remained in charge of PAEC until 1992, but had little control over the nuclear weapons program. During his tenure, Khan was instrumental in the creation of the National Development Complex (NDC), which developed Pakistan’s missile program.
Munir Ahmad Khan died on April 22, 1999 in Vienna.


Gum disease treatments are performed to treat various conditions that can be a detriment to the health of your teeth, jawbone, and gums. Retaining a healthy smile is dependent on whether you follow an effective dental hygiene routine and receive the highest quality periodontal care. Healthy gums help maximize the beauty of teeth.
If your gums begin to deteriorate in health, they can recede, become swollen, or increase in redness. In more advanced stages, the surrounding becomes affected and can be destroyed. Your smile is not only ruined in these conditions, but you will experience more difficulties trying to chew or speak.
Gum disease is a persistent and ongoing infection that erodes the support of your natural teeth. It can affect multiple periodontal tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva, or periodontal ligament. Most issues arise from problems such as plaque and gingivitis.
Gum disease causes the supporting tissue around the teeth to deteriorate. Continuous weakening of the bone can result in a loss of teeth. It’s extremely dangerous because it is asymptomatic and does not produce any noticeable pain. It is important to maintain healthy dental hygiene practices and regular dental visits to reduce the risk of experiencing periodontal disease.
Dr. Deepa Bhatt is an experienced dentist who works with patients affected by periodontal disease in the York area. If you are concerned about a problem and need the most highly qualified dentist to work with, please call Dental York today at (717) 850-9396 to schedule a consultation.


Escaping Turtle Island • Rangers vs Poachers • INDONESIA
There’s no electricity, no telephone. Except for crabs, lizards, and bugs only three Indonesian rangers live on the island. They earn just over 100 US dollars a month, live in isolation and patrol for poachers.
The day begins with garbage pick up, because of all the trash which washes up: plastic bottles, cans of paint, children’s toys – The ocean has become the planet’s garbage can, harming not only turtles but all sea life. For hundreds of years, the island’s beaches have been a favorite nesting ground for sea turtles, leatherbacks and green turtles. They lay about 100 eggs at a time, but only a small amount will ever hatch, and fewer survive to maternity. Poachers and lizards threaten to steal many of the eggs, while other simply collapse under the weight of the sand.
With darkness, the island comes alive. Female turtles, sometimes dozens of them on a single night, crawl up the beach to lay their eggs in the sand of the islands beach. It takes 2 months for turtle eggs to hatch, if they hatch at all. And when they finally dig out of the sand, it’s a mad dash to the sea – as fast as possible to escape the lizards, eagles, crabs….
Without the rangers, turtle island has no protection, and without you, the rangers have no resources. Help save Turtle Island. Find out more by visiting www.haka.or.id. HAkA is an Aceh, Indonesia based NGO. Their name stands for Hutan, Alam dan Lingkungan Aceh (Forest, Nature and Environment of Aceh.


Sermon Illustrations about Pastoral care
Home > Illustrations > Topics > P > Pastoral care
Find fresh sermon illustrations on Pastoral care to help bring your sermon to life.
Medieval Musicians Served as Watchmen Over the City
During the late-Medieval period, London had a strange law on the books—each entry gate into the city had to keep a musician on duty. This could ...
Sheep Really Do Need a Shepherd
A sheep named Baarack received a much-needed shearing after rescuers in Australia found the abandoned animal with more than 75 pounds of wool weighing ...
Film Portrays Good Shepherd Protecting His Flock
In the film Greyhound, actor Tom Hanks plays the captain of a US destroyer that is commanding the escorts of a 37-ship convoy. They are crossing the Atlantic ...
Sermons Should Be Wept Over
A sermon wept over is more acceptable with God than one gloried over.
The Job of the Preacher
As preachers, our job is to present unashamedly the Christian moral point of view: "It's just plain true. Folks, this is the way God is, and ...
Qualities of a Preacher
Qualities the world looks for in a preacher: He must have a fine accent. He must be learned. He must be eloquent. He must be a handsome person. He must ...
We Aren't God
There is a sense of relief in remembering that I'm not God and am therefore not responsible for being God. ...
Sometimes, as a Bible teacher I feel ...
His Laps Too Short to Work for God
In a church in Verona stands, or rather sits, a wooden image of St. Zeno, an ancient bishop, with knees so ludicrously short that there is no lap on which ...
People Who Want Shepherding
People who want to be shepherded tend to stay in the same place.
Shepherds or Mutton Farmers?
Back when the sacred authors used the imagery of the shepherd to depict Jesus, they had a clear understanding of the job description. A shepherd is needed ...


It’s Good News on Girls and Science
A recent meta-analysis of almost 80 studies finds that girls are making dramatic strides in imagining themselves as scientists—but there’s still work to do.
A 1970s-era study found that, when asked to draw a scientist, boys and girls drew males an astonishing 99.4 percent of the time. Looking at roughly 5,000 drawings collected between 1966 and 1977, researchers determined that “only 28 were of female scientists,” as Edutopia reported in “50 Years of Children Drawing Scientists.”
But in the ensuing decades, according to a meta-analysis published in 2018, that trend witnessed a dramatic reversal, driven by broad changes in our cultural expectations around gender and in the way we educate girls. Today, more than half of girls draw a woman when asked to draw a scientist. Other data provided by the National Science Foundation confirms that these changes in perspective are driving real-world results: In 2015, women made up 48 percent of biological, agricultural, and environmental life scientists, up from 34 percent in 1993. Women in all science and engineering occupations increased more modestly, from 22.9 percent in 1993 to 28.4 percent in 2015.
That’s all great news. But other findings from the meta-analysis suggest that as girls age, and particularly as they reach their teenage years, they experience a sudden, unexplained loss of confidence in their abilities in math and science. Our video suggests some research-backed strategies that should keep young girls moving forward and claiming their rightful place in STEM fields.


Research is pointing to more and more people suffering the consequences of vitamin D deficiency including susceptibility to serious illnesses like MS (Multiple Sclerosis).
Vitamin D Synergy contains 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 as Cholecalciferol and 200 mcg of vitamin K as Phytonadione (included to prevent calcification of the arteries).
Why is vitamin D deficiency on the rise? Many people are avoiding sun exposure due to fear of ozone layer problems, or because of skin cancer or concern of skin wrinkling. Twenty minutes of sun exposure daily to 6% exposed skin is necessary for maintaining our body’s own production of vitamin D. Some drugs bind fats, including fat soluble Vitamin D and contribute to low vitamin D levels. These drugs include Cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestering medication, and laxatives. Intake of Olestra and soluble fiber can also potentially reduce vitamin D absorption from food. Statin drugs can cause cholesterol levels to fall lower than ideal which may contribute to vitamin D deficiency. Patients with fat malabsorption, problems with bile production or production of lipase for digesting fats are also susceptible to low vitamin D levels. For these individuals consider LV-GB (liver gallbladder support formula) and/or Digestzymes (digestive support formula containing Lipase enzyme). Patients with dark skin pigmentation or a dark tan may require up to four times longer sun exposure to absorb the same amount of UVB as light or untanned skin, because melanin blocks UVB. African descent individuals have a much higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency, especially in northern states. Obese individuals can have 50% lower plasma levels of vit D than normal weight people, for the same supplementation levels or sun exposure. Women with low hormone levels are more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. Estrogen or progesterone deficiency (amenorrhea, surgical or age-onset menopause) impairs the formation of the active form of vit D. Aging skin has a reduced capacity of vitamin D synthesis. By age 75, vitamin D levels can be 25% lower than levels in younger individuals.


Language is looking for a new home
In the case of brain damage in early childhood, the language centers can migrate from the left to the right hemisphere. An amazing example of the flexibility of the brain.
Katharina was just eight years old when she suffered her first epileptic seizure. After that, the right side of her body was initially paralyzed and she could not speak fluently. Although the girl apparently still understood every word, she was unable to formulate a complete sentence. Katharina suffered from what is known as Broca's aphasia.
The neuropathological examination revealed that a congenital malformation of the cerebral vessels had damaged her left frontal lobe. This lesion was responsible for both the girl's epilepsy and loss of speech, since the center of speech production is usually located at the affected site. In the months that followed, more and more tissue died there. It was all the more astounding how well the little patient recovered: Despite extensive destruction of left-sided brain areas, the aphasia gradually disappeared! Six months after her first attack, Katharina was able to utter two-word sentences again, and after a year she was already speaking much more fluently, albeit with an unusual sentence structure. However, the girl kept having seizures, which is why the doctors considered brain surgery.
The big question was whether removing some parts of the left frontal lobe would make Katharina permanently lose her speech. The improvement in her language skills suggested that a significant remodeling had already taken place in her brain. To clarify the situation, the neurologists examined Katharina's brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). With this imaging method, those areas that are involved in certain cognitive functions can be identified.
While the girl was lying in the tube of the brain scanner, she had to solve special language tasks. For example, he heard different nouns and had to mentally list as many verbs as possible that went with them. This should appeal to the productive language regions. Another time, Katharina was listening to a radio play, which activated the sensory centers of language understanding.
After evaluating the data, the doctors found something amazing: the productive speech center was not in the left hemisphere, as usual, but in the right, he althy hemisphere. Since the damage to the left frontal lobe had triggered aphasia, the relevant area must have been there a year and a half earlier. How could this change of sides be explained? …


“[Saint] Francis asked that part of the friary garden always be left untouched, so that wild flowers and herbs could grow there, and those who saw them could raise their minds to God, the creator of such beauty.”
-Laudato Si #12
As we have read before, Pope Francis reflects on the inter-connectivity among all of creation. The effects of climate change are a real challenge and we are all called to do our share to maintain a livable environment for future generations. During this time of Lent we focus on improving our relationship with God. Let us also think of how adding a plant in our home can be a small step in respecting God’s creation in nature inside as well as planting outside.
“Authentic development includes an effort to bring about an integral improvement in the quality of human life, and this entails considering the setting in which people live their lives. These settings influence the way we think, feel, and act. In our rooms, our homes, our workplaces, and neighborhoods, we use our environment as a way of expressing our identity.”
-Laudato Si #147 Pope Francis
Even though snow may be on the ground, it is Lent and Spring is just a month away. Thoughts of flowers and plants come to mind. We all love to see flowers blooming when Easter Sunday arrives. Live plants in the home can provide beauty, improve one’s mood and reduce stress. If you choose to embrace the beauty that plants and flowers can provide, the more environmentally beneficial option is a live plant as opposed to cut flowers. A live plant will replace carbon dioxide with oxygen through photosynthesis, but often cut flowers are grown using pesticides.


A constellation that is easy to recognize even though it is located largely below the ecclitic and is therefore an austral constellation. it is largely crossed by the Milky Way, and because of this it is rich in stars, nebulosity and clusters that offer spectacular viewing even when looking at them with bino.
Ganymede and Callisto were discovered on January 7, 1610 by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei along with Jupiter’s other two largest moons, Europa and Io.
Observing evenings at Gorda’s Alp summer 2023
Where are the stars born? We observe their cradle, the dust cloud of the Orion Nebula.
Jupiter has 4 very famous moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto… here is their story
The big search for signals from other civilizations. A Brief Account of Current Research, Still Unsuccessful.
Jupiter a very large giant that has enormous magnetism and really bright northern lights.
The open cluster Messier 46 and a myriad of multicolored stars with the planetary nebula NGC 2438 in the background.
The penunbral eclipse of Flower Moon eclipse on May 5, 2023
Phobos and Deimos, the children of the god Mars and the drivers of the his war chariot. Let’s discover them!


The poultry meat industry is a complex and competitive field, with a high demand for safe, high-quality meat products. To succeed in this industry, it is essential to understand the importance of food safety and the role it plays in building consumer trust.
Here are some tips for meeting food safety regulations and building consumer trust in the poultry meat industry:
Stay informed about regulations: Food safety regulations are constantly evolving, and it is important to stay informed about industry standards and best practices. Make sure you are aware of all relevant regulations and how they apply to your business.
Implement strict sanitation practices: Good sanitation is essential for preventing foodborne illnesses and ensuring the safety of your products. Implement strict cleaning and disinfection procedures and maintain strict hygiene practices at all times.
Monitor and control pathogens: Pathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter can cause foodborne illnesses, and it is important to monitor and control these pathogens in your poultry meat products. Adopt best practices for preventing contamination and conduct regular testing to ensure the safety of your products.
Invest in food safety technologies: Technology has revolutionized the food safety industry, and there are now many innovative tools and systems available to help you improve food safety and reduce the risk of foodborne illness. Invest in food safety technologies that fit your needs and help you stay ahead of the competition.
Communicate with consumers: Communication is key to building consumer trust, and it is important to be transparent and open about your food safety practices. Share information about your food safety measures and communicate any changes or updates to your customers.
Conduct regular audits: Regular food safety audits can help you identify areas for improvement and ensure that you are meeting industry standards and regulations. Conduct regular internal and external audits to assess your food safety practices and identify any areas for improvement.
In conclusion, food safety is an essential aspect of the poultry meat industry, and it is crucial for building consumer trust and maximizing sales. By staying informed about regulations, implementing strict sanitation practices, monitoring and controlling pathogens, investing in food safety technologies, communicating with consumers, and conducting regular audits, you can meet food safety regulations and build consumer trust.
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It’s a pinecone! It’s a dying branch! It’s an … insect? Bagworms are masters of disguise and can easily confuse those who are unfamiliar with its cryptic appearance.
Not really worms, bagworms are actually moth larvae that feed on conifers and occasionally some hardwoods. They cover themselves in a silken bag composed of needles or leaves from the tree on which they’re feeding. They are fairly common, and although they seem harmless, they can cause substantial damage to ornamental conifers such as junipers, Leyland cypress, baldcypress and arborvitae.
As they feed, the larvae and the bag providing their cover get larger and larger. They pupate inside the bag suspended from a branch. After development, adult males emerge and fly away. Females, however, are wingless and doomed to stay in their bag, producing a pheromone to attract their winged counterparts.
Bagworm infestations can be severe and may cause branches, and sometimes the entire tree, to die. Luckily, you can combat infestations by hand-removing and destroying the bags of growing larvae or adult females (in the growing season and winter, respectively) or by applying an insecticide in the early summer when larvae are feeding.
So, pack your bags, bagworms. You won’t be moving on to greener pastures.


Learning Support Services
At Living Skills, we work with children who are underperforming or struggling at school. We have deep experience with children who have mild to severe disabilities in overcoming obstacles to learning and classroom productivity. We address learning challenges by offering highly refined solutions to your child’s specific needs. We also assist you as the parent to better understand your child’s learning challenges.
All children need love, encouragement and support. For kids with disabilities, such positive reinforcement can help ensure that they emerge with a strong sense of self-worth, confidence and the determination to keep going even when things are tough.
In searching for ways to help children with learning challenges, remember that you are looking for ways to help them help themselves. You job as a parent is not to “cure” the learning challenge. At Living Skills, we will provide you with the social-emotional tools he or she needs to work through challenges. In the long run, facing and overcoming a challenge such as a learning disability can help your child grow and become more resilient.
Always remember that the way you behave and respond to challenges has a big impact on your child. A good attitude won’t solve the problems associated with a learning challenge, but you can give your child hope and confidence that things can improve and that he or she will eventually succeed.
At Living Skills, we will teach you the four essential keys in helping your child with a disability/learning challenge succeed:
- You will learn to keep things in perspective–a disability/learning challenge isn’t insurmountable.
- You will learn to become your own expert.
- You will learn to be an advocate for your child.
- You will learn that your influence outweighs all others.


Like coins and military insignia, postage stamps express state sovereignty. Great Britain features the head of its current monarch on its stamps, but never the name of the country. American stamps show US presidents only on the first birthday after their death. Imperial Russia chose a conservative approach to stamp design: the state emblem of the country and nothing else. It was only for the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty in 1913 that the government issued a set of stamps with the portraits of the Tsars, including Nicholas II, who was then on the throne. Designs for the Romanov stamps were created by renowned Russian artists, Ivan Bilibin, Evgenii Lancerey, and Rikhard Zarrinsh. The issuance of the Romanov portrait stamps provoked outrage among Russian conservatives, many of whom believed that placing a postmark over the tsar’s likeness defiled his sacred image. In fact, many postmasters refused to cancel the stamps. Nevertheless, Tsar Nicholas II was supportive of the project, and the set was issued. Within five years after the issue, the Russian Empire was torn apart by the revolution and civil war, and the imperial Romanov family was assassinated. In retrospect, many believed the cancellation of the Tsar’s image proved an ominous foreshadowing of his fate.


Spring, summer, and fall activities can turn dangerous if your child is one of the millions of people who have a severe stinging insect allergy. For these youngsters, the possible presence of a bee, wasp, hornet, or other stinging insect can take all the fun out of normal outdoor activities. According to information published by the Boston Children's Hospital, there may be as many as two million people in the United States alone who are allergic the sting of bees and other stinging insects. Unfortunately, many of those who have allergies are children and even worse, their parents may not be aware of their allergic status.
What happens when someone with an allergy is stung by a bee?
Bee stings are almost always painful, even for those with no allergic reactions. For an allergy sufferer, however, a bee sting can quickly morph into bee poisoning, a common term for apitoxin or apis virus poisoning.
Instead of being subjected to only pain, itching and localized discomfort, a child (or adult) who is allergic to the sting of a bee or other variety of stinging insect may immediately experience much more intense, or even life threatening symptoms. These can include:
A reaction to bee or insect stings that includes any of these reactions are signs that the person is intensely allergic to the poison injected during the sting and the situation must be viewed as a medical emergency.
How can parents determine if their child is allergic to bee stings without suffering a sting?
Parents who want to protect their children from the potential health risks of a bee sting can take the precaution of having the child tested for the allergy. Safe and simple, the procedure injects a minute amount of extracted bee venom into the skin of the arm or back. Children who are not allergic to bees will have no reaction, while those who are allergic will have some level of reaction, such as a raised bump at the injection site. Parents whose children test positive for bee allergies will then be better positioned to protect their child from the threat of a bee sting during their daily activities, as well ensuring that medical attention is sought immediately if a sting should occur.
For more information about bee sting allergies, as well as testing and treatment options, parents should speak with their child's medical care provider.


Types of Costs
Direct costs are those costs that can be directly attributed to a product or product line, one source of sales revenue, or one business unit or operation of the business. An example of a direct cost would be the cost of tires on a new automobile.
Indirect costs are very different and can't be attached to any specific product, unit, or activity. The cost of labor or benefits for an auto manufacturer is certainly a cost, but it can't be attached to anyone vehicle. Each business has to devise a method of allocating indirect costs to different products, sources of sales revenue, business units, etc. Most allocation methods are less than perfect and generally end up being arbitrary to one degree or another. Business managers and accounts should always keep an eye on the allocation methods used for indirect costs and take the cost figures produced by these methods with a grain of salt.
Fixed costs are those costs that stay the same over a relatively broad range of sales volume or production output. They're like an albatross around the neck of business and a company must sell its product at a high enough profit to at least break even.
Variable costs can increase and decrease in proportion to changes in sales or production level. Variable costs vary proportionately with changes in production/
Relevant costs are essentially future costs that could be incurred, depending on what strategic course a business takes. If an auto manufacturer decides to increase production, but the cost of tires goes up, then that cost needs to be taken into consideration.
Irrelevant costs are those that should be disregarded when deciding on a future course of action. They're costs that could cause you to make a wrong decision. Whereas relevant costs are future costs, irrelevant costs are those costs that were incurred in the past. The money's gone.
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The making of architectural models is often seenas a highly skilled craft preoccupied with accuracy, andwhilst this may be relevant to presentation models it doesnot automatically result in a good model. It is eminentlypossible to make creative and provocative models withoutlaborious and time-consuming techniques, and a widerange of inspirational examples are described in thefollowing sections of this book.
This section describes the various and mostcommonly used materials for model making. Thereare other materials that may be appropriated andincorporated into the modelling process, and someof these will be discussed in Part 2: Types and Part 3:Application later in this book. For the uninitiated, it is agood idea to experiment with different materials or to usethem in innovative new ways. In doing so, you will learntheir properties and may make some other interestingdiscoveries along the way. In more conventional terms,a model is a scaled-down version of an existing situationor a future building; therefore, through the practice of modelling actual surfaces are transformed into a modelthrough a process of abstraction. However, architecturaldesigners usually seek to retain the speciﬁc qualities ofmaterials and the effect they might have, because in theend a building’s appearance comes primarily from the sum of the materials from which it is constructed.This raises the question of which materials the modelshould incorporate so that it may best represent thedesigner’s ideas and the proposed architecture. This inturn leads us to survey the extensive range of materialsavailable to us. Some of these materials have beenused in architectural modelling for a long time, whilstothers are new – and, indeed, some were conceived forentirely different purposes. In addition, the opportunitiesprovided by CAD/CAM processes has further extendedthe ways architects may now approach how and why aswell as what they design.


Saturn beats Jupiter in moons
Saturn has overtaken Jupiter as the planet with the most moons.
Twenty new moons have been found around Saturn, giving the ringed planet a total of 82 moons, scientists said. That beats Jupiter and its 79 moons.
If it’s any consolation to the Jupiter crowd, our solar system’s biggest planet – Jupiter – still has the biggest moon. Jupiter’s Ganymede is almost half the size of Earth. By contrast, Saturn’s 20 new moons are minuscule, each barely 3 miles (5 kilometres) in diameter.
The scientists used a telescope in Hawaii to spot Saturn’s 20 new moons over the summer. About 100 even tinier moons may be orbiting Saturn, still waiting to be found.
Astronomers have pretty much completed the inventory of moons as small as 5 kilometres around Saturn and 1.6 kilometres around Jupiter. Future larger telescopes will be needed to see anything smaller.
It’s harder spotting mini-moons around Saturn than Jupiter, given how much farther Saturn is.
Since Saturn is less dense than water, it would actually float like an apple if you could find a pool large enough!


DISCOVER OUR SPECIALS COURSES
FOR SOCCER COACHES
Become an elite youth soccer coach with Albert Puig’s unique Catalan Methodology
OUR POSITIONAL PLAY COURSES
DEVELOPMENT (9-12 YO)
Fundamentals of Positional play
In the development stage it is essential to develop the player’s individual skills so that in the future he will be able to adapt to any situation..
In our course you will find the 12 fundamental concepts that every player must be able to learn, in order to have optimal training in their development in the Positional Play.
The Youth Physical Training
ith this complete guide you will be able to discover the best exercises, the correct technique and the most common mistakes that occur when performing them.
For the optimal development of the footballer it is crucial that he learns to perform the most important movement patterns. During the Development stage (9-12) the player enters an essential window to learn these patterns that will determine his abilities in the coming years.
THE GUIDE TO HELP YOUNG PLAYERS DEVELOP THEIR TALENT


Nearly one-sixth of today’s global population – 1.2 billion people – lives without access to electricity. Their businesses can’t operate after dusk, their schools lack power for technology, their children struggle to study by candlelight. The lack of power limits their opportunities, keeping communities in poverty.
Two-fifths of the population – 2.8 billion people – still relies on solid fuel such as wood, charcoal, dung, and coal for cooking and heating, resulting in three and a half million deaths every year from the effects of indoor air pollution.
Delivering reliable energy services for economic development and providing access to electricity and modern household energy services to these billions living without it is essential to reducing poverty and building shared prosperity. That is why expanding access to energy, along with accelerating energy efficiency and renewable energy, is at the core of the World Bank Group’s future work in the energy sector, as described in a new Energy Sector Directions Paper discussed by the Bank Group’s Executive Board on July 16. With the Executive Board’s support, the World Bank Group will use the paper to inform its operations going forward.
The paper states that the World Bank Group will make every effort to “minimize the financial and environmental costs of expanding reliable energy supply” while also recognizing that “each country determines its own path for achieving its energy aspirations.” It emphasizes the importance of selecting areas in which the Bank Group can best help countries mobilize energy solutions that reduce poverty sustainably.
World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim, who led the discussion with the Executive Board, said the paper’s directions are anchored in the World Bank Group’s overarching goals of reducing the global rate of extreme poverty to 3 percent by 2030 and fostering the income growth of the bottom 40 percent in every country.
“We need affordable energy to help end poverty and to build shared prosperity,” Kim said. “We will also scale up efforts to improve energy efficiency and increase renewable energy—according to countries’ needs and opportunities.”


Construction workers in Ohio may not realize that their senses might provide more protection than their personal protective equipment. Four of our five senses — hearing, sight, touch and smell — can serve as warnings of imminent danger. Sight is likely the most critical sense when it comes to observing potential hazards. However, construction accidents can occur if workers are so focused on the respective tasks that they fail to see signs of danger. Alertness and awareness of the surroundings are crucial on a dangerous construction site.
Hearing is equally important, even among the many different sounds typical to construction sites. If each worker is familiar with the sounds surrounding their workstations, their sense of hearing will quickly warn them of hazards when operational sounds change. When the sound of drilling through concrete or a rotary hammer suddenly changes, the hearing sense will cause alarm, and if each worker pays attention to their own senses, many injuries might be avoided.
Workers may think that the wearing of ear protection could prevent them from hearing imminent dangers need to pay attention to their senses of touch and smell. Working with a power tool has a familiar feel in the operator’s hands, and awareness of any changes in the feeling can be a timely warning, even if the worker is wearing ear protection. The same applies to the sense of smell, which can notice strange, unfamiliar smells of chemicals, burning of fuel or oil; even electricity malfunctions have a distinctive smell.
While a workers’ senses can serve as red flags when hazards are present, accidents will continue to occur on any dangerous construction site. When that happens, the Ohio workers’ compensation insurance program will likely provide benefits to cover medical expenses and lost wages. The claims process could be complicated, but injured workers are free to seek the support and guidance of an experienced workers’ compensation attorney.


Meet MARCo — NJ students create therapy robot for the mentally ill
EWING — This tiny blue robot can save a life.
The brainchild of students at The College of New Jersey, MARCo alerts caregivers when an individual is in imminent danger of harming themselves or others.
But the robot's many talents in the area of mental health treatment would hopefully prevent an individual from ever reaching those extremes.
MARCo — the mentally assistive robotic companion — is meant to assist individuals suffering from a range of mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and post traumatic stress disorder.
The machine's artificial intelligence includes the ability to engage in cognitive behavioral therapy, picking up on key phrases and patterns of speech that can provide insight into one's cognitive state. A camera with facial recognition technology helps MARCo identify its companion's emotional state.
It can also provide guided meditation and track one's heartbeat, all while serving as a "cute buddy" that uses natural conversation from the start.
As of this moment, there is only one MARCo. In its prototype phase, however, the bot has already proven its power to heal.
"I've seen the profound impact it does have on people and how I've had to pry it away from people who just wanted to hold on," said Jacob Boyle, a mechanical engineer student at TCNJ, who created MARCo with fellow student Ryan Chiu.
The pair won a business competition earlier this year, earning $30,000 to help get the project off the ground floor.
"We did this for the people we know and the people who we don't know ... living with a mental illness or living with someone who has one," Boyle said.
Boyle foresees MARCo as a prescribed method of treatment for those suffering from a mental illness. Hospitals, he added, can have several of the bots on hand.
The more people MARCo is exposed to, Boyle said, the quicker it learns. A person's private information would never be shared with another user.
Want to help with MARCo's final design? Take this survey.
More from New Jersey 101.5:
Contact reporter Dino Flammia at email@example.com.


Here are some pros and cons of some parenting styles. You don’t have to place yourself in one specific category. You might find yourself in more than one parenting style and that’s ok.
PRO:authoritarian parents are typically very consistent and clear in their expectations, making it easier for children to understand what they need to do.
CON: children of authoritative parents might have limited autonomy and are not given the space to develop and explore their ideas and preferences.
PRO:Children of permissive parents foster a close relationship between parent and child. Because permissive parents are typically more responsive than demanding, children often feel loved and supported.
CON: Permissive parenting can create an environment of chaos and inconsistency. If rules are not well-defined, children may become confused or even misbehave.
PRO:authoritative parenting encourages children to become responsible members of society by building strong social and emotional skills. Kids raised authoritatively are more likely to have good self-esteem, high levels of emotional intelligence, and strong interpersonal skills.
CON: On the other hand, it can sometimes be difficult for parents in authoritative households to consistently set clear boundaries and enforce rules. Additionally, parent-child relationships that are overly dependent on a shared sense of authority can sometimes breed resentment or bitterness if the child feels restricted or controlled by their parents.


Speech-language therapy is a profession that allows great flexibility and opportunity to make a profound difference in your community.
Speech-language therapists (SLTs) are the experts in supporting effective communication, speech and language and safe eating, drinking and swallowing for everyone. Speech-language therapists work with people of all ages, from newborns to older adults, at the end of their life.
There is no such thing as a typical day for an SLT. You could be supporting children with a brain injury or developmental delay, helping an adult who has had a stroke learn to talk again, or helping premature babies with feeding and swallowing problems. You could work independently or as part of a team in various settings such as a school, hospital, prison, child care centre or the client's home.
All speech-language therapists complete a university qualification. This may be a four-year bachelor's degree or a master's qualification in speech-language therapy.
Speech-language therapy is a self-regulated profession. Members must meet the Association's standards regarding continuing professional development to renew as registered members of the New Zealand Speech-language Therapists' Association.
The Association accredits university programmes that offer speech-language therapy training. Currently, speech-language therapists can gain a recognised qualification at either an undergraduate or master's level. The Association and employers equally recognise both courses.
Wondering if being a speech-language therapist is for you - check out these videos


More than 10% of the population has dyslexia, and most are diagnosed only after they fail in school. My work is changing this through scalable early detection and tools that help people with dyslexia read and write better. To detect dyslexia, I am developing machine learning models that predict reading and writing difficulties by watching how people interact with my web-based game Dytective. My experiments have revealed differences in how people with dyslexia read and write, and I have developed a series of tools that integrate these results to help people with dyslexia read and write better. These tools are used by tens of thousands of people, which apart from supporting users, also serve as living laboratories in which to develop and prove techniques for detection and intervention. Moving forward, we are working with schools to put our approach into practice at scale to finally eliminate school failure as a primary way dyslexia is diagnosed.
Luz Rello is a Post Doctoral Fellow at Carnegie Mellon University in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute. She is also an Ashoka Fellow, invited expert to W3C-WAI and co-founder of the Cookie Cloud team that creates applications from research results. She holds a degree in Linguistics (Complutense University of Madrid), a MSc in Natural Language Processing (University of Wolverhampton) and a Ph.D. in Computer Science (Pompeu Fabra University). She has received a number of awards, including the MIT Technology Review ‘Innovators under 35 Award Spain’ (2014) and the European Young Researchers’ Award (2013) for her work on applying technology for dyslexia using Linguistics, HCI and NLP. Her IDEAL eBook reader and Dyseggxia game (Vodafone Foundation Mobile for Good Europe Awards 2013) have received nearly one hundred thousand downloads in more than 70 countries. Currently, she is working to detect dyslexia at large scale and on bringing this work to society via her non-profit organization Change Dyslexia.


The spleen is an organ above the stomach and under the ribs on the human body's left side. It is about as big as a human's fist. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system, which fights infection and keeps body fluids in balance. The spleen contains white blood cells that fight germs, and also helps control the amount of blood in the body, and destroys old and damaged cells.
The primary function of the spleen is to recognize and dispose of red blood cells that are too old or not working properly. Blood flows into the spleen where the red blood cells go through a sort of quality control test. The splenic blood vessels enter and leave the gland at the hilum, which is on the inner surface. The blood vessels empty their contents directly into the splenic pulp, so that the blood comes into contact with the spleen substances, and is not separated from it by blood vessels, as in other organs. There is no ordinary capillary system, but instead, the blood comes into direct contact with the cells of the organ. The blood flows through the spleen and is collected in a system of venous sinuses which empty their blood into the branches which unite to form the splenic vein by which the blood is carried from the spleen to enter the portal circulation and be conveyed to the liver.
Damaged, fragile or abnormally shaped red blood cells will be detected and destroyed by the spleen. Useful parts of the cells such as iron are stored and recycled in new red blood cells.
The spleen can store blood for future use, as blood vessels in the spleen are capable of expanding and narrowing in response to bodily needs. When the vessels are expanded, the organ can actually hold up to a cup of reserve blood. If the body requires some extra blood short term – say if trauma causes blood loss – the spleen can respond by releasing it back into the system.
Ruptured spleens occur when the splenic tissue tears, leaking store blood into the body cavity. Ruptured spleens can result from trauma to the abdomen, and require immediate medical attention. Sometimes a splenectomy, or removal of the spleen is required to prevent further blood loss. A splenectomy can result in asplenia.
Asplenia, the total lack of splenic function, can be congenital or acquired from environmental factors. It can be require a permanent course of antibiotics.


Dvar Torah: Ki Tetze
How do we build a community? How do we connect with other people, who we don't necessarily know well, who we don't speak to all the time? How do we belong? These questions form a locus of this week's Parsha We read this week about the mitzvah of burying the dead, about returning stolen property, about helping someone reload their animal after it dropped a load, and about the mitzvah to lend to the needy, among many other commandments. These mitzvot are not just ordinary rules about not being mean to others. They have a far more critical purpose.
Another mitzvah featured in this week's Parsha is the prohibition on lending at interest, which only applies to other Jews. The Ramban asks why we cannot lend at interest. Isn't it our money? If everyone agrees to the terms, what's wrong with charging interest? He answers that it depends. If it is a purely commercial transaction, there would indeed be nothing wrong. However, you wouldn't lend money to your brother or sister at interest. That would be a betrayal of the fraternal bond. The Torah wants us to see every Jew as our brother or sister. We are all part of one big family, and we should act that way.
As such, we should never lend to each other at interest. We should always stand ready to help, whether it's reloading an animal or offering to lend them something without even being asked. And when, unfortunately, one of us passes away, it's the communities responsibility to ensure that they are accorded the honour, respect, and dignity which they deserve. Community means so much more than people coming to the same place, or living near each other. It means that we're here for each other; we care about each other. It means, in a certain way, that we're family.