Theories about whether and how it would be possible to live on the Moon are an eternal topic. Although such a thing seems unrealistic at the moment, in a few years we may be talking about something very different. NASA is planning to carry out a mission called Artemis 1 in the near future. It is supposed to be a historic moment when man will be on the surface of the Moon for the first time since the famous Apollo mission.
Nokia and its premiere of the internet on the moon
A plan closely related to the aforementioned mission came from the bowels of Finnish telecommunications company Nokia – not to be confused with the mobile phone brand of the same name, which falls under the wing of HMD Global. It wants to be the first to launch high-speed 4G internet on the surface of the moon.
How is he going to do something like this? The carrier of the network will be a SpaceX rocket. The Nova-C lander will provide power to the internet network, as will the accompanying rover, which will be powered by solar panels. An LTE network will then be formed between the two objects.
Easier communication between astronauts
Nokia itself has let it be known that the technology is ready to handle the extreme conditions on the Moon with ease. The importance of this project is crystal clear to almost everyone. More reliable communication over a 4G network, the ability to transmit real-time video, or even better and more precise remote control of the rovers – all of this will help astronauts in future space missions in incredible ways.
It’s worth mentioning that NASA gave the Finnish company the task of bringing stable internet to the Moon as early as 2020. It was supposed to be ready in the second half of 2022. While that didn’t happen, we should see the planned mission actually launch later this year.
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Quantity: 1 available
Condition: Very Good
Original publisher's green cloth binding with silver foil decoration on front cover. 4 3/4" x 6." 217 pages, complete. Seven additional pages of advertisements in the back for other books on similar subjects. Pages and covers are very clean and intact overall. Binding is tight. Pages slightly browned. Text on the spine and front cover are rubbed. Slight edge wear at the top and bottom of spine. Excerpt from the Introduction: "But too often these rules are merely memorized by the student for the purpose of recitation, and are not engrafted upon his everyday habit of speech. They are, therefore, forgotten, and the principles involved are subject to daily violation. Hence arises the need of books like Slips of Speech, in which the common faults of speakers and writers are pointed out, and the correct use of words shown." The following are the chapters: "Taste," "Choice of Words," "Contractions," "Possessive Case," "Pronouns," "Number," "Adverbs," "Conjunctions," "Correlatives," "The Infinitive," "Participles," "Prepositions," "The Article," "Redundancy," "Two Negatives," and "Accordance of Verb with Subject."
Title: Slips of Speech: A Helpful Book for Everyone Who Aspires to Correct the Everyday Errors of Speaking and Writing
Location Published: Philadelphia, PA, The Penn Publishing Company: 1901
Book Condition: Very Good
Categories: Literature, Words and Handwriting, Etiquette
Seller ID: 021651
Keywords: nonfiction. guides. manuals. instructional books. education. speech. words. grammar. syntax. diction. adverbs. conjunctions. infinitives. pronouns. prepositions. articles. style. speaking. speeches. writing. literature. oration. articulation. oratory. etiquette. john bechtel. sg-124.


Dec 29, 2020
For as long as people have been interacting with wild animals, they have been manipulating the places where wild animals live. So, is habitat management the oldest job in the world? Join Adam and Jarred as they chat about the history of wildlife habitat management, dig deep into the central premise of habitat management – plant succession – and introduce the five tools for habitat management that Aldo Leopold described in his 1933 book, Game Management.
Learn more about plant succession and its relationship to wildlife habitat by checking out the resources below:
Iowa’s Forest Birds - https://store.extension.iastate.edu/Product/15963
Managing Your Woods for White-Tailed Deer - https://edustore.purdue.edu/item.asp?Item_Number=FNR-596-W
Grassland Successional Chart - https://extension.purdue.edu/pondwildlife/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GrasslandSuccession_wFNR.png
Wildlife Habitat Education Program - https://fwf.tennessee.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2020/07/1_2020-WHEP-Intro-Acitivites.pdf


Do you really know what exposure and metering are all about?
Could you and I sit down over a coffee, and you could explain to me exactly what happens when I press my camera shutter release button?
Did you know that your camera meter sees everything as 18% grey? It doesn’t matter what you’re pointing your camera at- that’s what your camera meter sees.
And then, you camera meter makes decisions- decisions that will affect your photograph.
If all of these statements aren’t absolutely crystal clear to you, then you will enjoy reading this week’s free Quick Guide.
Here is what you will learn in the “Art of Metering & Exposure” Guide by Kent DuFault:
- You will learn exactly what the term exposure means so that you will better understand the three elements that affect it.
- Discover what ISO is so that you can make better choices on how to set this important function on your camera.
- Find out why shutter speed and aperture operate under the factor of two so that you better understand the inverse relationship ofmetering and exposure.
- Absorb the details of how a light meter works- so that you will understand what the meter is doing when it’s pointed at a subject.
- Learn why the pattern setting for the meter is SO IMPORTANT!
- Gain some insight into how to deal with extended contrast so that your pictures will reveal detail in the locations where you want it…


Panurbana 101 's lands zeemagazijn
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's lands zeemagazijn
collage: 12 photos
format: 120 x 85 cm
's Lands Zeemagazijn' is the largest still existing warehouse from the 17th century,
the Maritime Museum has been located there since 1973.
In the golden age, Amsterdam was the largest port in the world.
The VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische Company) ships sailed across
the Seven Seas to buy spices and herbs to trade in Amsterdam.
Ship supplies and weapons were stored in the Zeemagazijn.
In the barrel vaults under the courtyard was a drinking water storage for the ships.
The sea warehouse was built in nine months and completed in 1665,
the master builder was Daniël Stalpaert (1615-1676).
The building has been thoroughly renovated twice, in
1747 the building had subsided and it was reinforced again.
In 1791 a fire raged after which only the walls were spared.
Nowadays you can view the rich maritime history of the Netherlands in the Maritime Museum.


From The Economist, 24 December 2016
IN 1924 John Maynard Keynes, who invented macroeconomics, used a biographical essay about his mentor Alfred Marshall to muse on the qualities of a good economist.
He must be mathematician, historian, statesman, philosopher—in some degree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought…No part of man’s nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard. He must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood; as aloof and incorruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician.
Such paragons were hard to come by, Keynes sighed: “Good, or even competent, economists are the rarest of birds.” But there can have been no doubt in his mind that the likeliest place to find them roosting was among the sandstone crenellations of Cambridge colleges. The Cambridge economics department, founded by Marshall and home to Keynes, was at that time the world’s leading school of economics. It not only taught bright young people from around the empire. It also made them into what its faculty thought economists should be: technically accomplished purveyors of policy advice, dispassionate but engaged.
Not every economist can be all those things, nor could they ever. But if the old aspiration to try and be so is lost, so is part of Marshall’s original dream of economists seeking not merely to apply their ideas in a worldly way, but to produce both better ideas and, in the end, a better world.


Feeding a large family can be time-consuming, which makes it tempting to toss together several processed foods and serve it up. However, this goes against your desire to keep your family healthy. Preparing healthy foods for a large family takes organization and planning, and you will feel better about what you are serving those that you love.
Putting a loaf of whole-grain bread and a dish of butter on the table will stretch any meal while at the same time providing nutrients, fiber and vitamins. Having everybody eating a slice with the main course will provide feelings of fullness and reduce hunger later on because the fiber in the bread takes longer to digest.
Preparing a large pot of homemade soup and serving it as a first course for dinner or a main course with some crusty bread for lunch can satisfy the hunger of a large family. Add plenty of vegetables, cream base or broth to the soup so that it is satisfying.
Using three egg whites to every one egg yolk in large pots of scrambled eggs will allow you to feed a large number of people without a large amount of fat and cholesterol. Incorporating sliced vegetables and some whole-grain bread into the meal can turn this breakfast into a healthy lunch without breaking the bank.


Voices of Memory 12. Women in Auschwitz
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„Voices of Memory" 12 is dedicated to the women - prisoners of KL Auschwitz.
The first transport of women arrived to Auschwitz on March 26, 1942. There were deported 999 German women from KL Ravensbrück. The same day transport of Jewish women from Poprad, Slovakia, came to the camp, a few weeks later the first transports of Polish women from prisons of Tarnow and Cracow.
Women made up about 30 percent of the prisoners registered in Auschwitz: 82,000 Jewish from various countries, 31,000 Polish; 11,000 Roma and also: Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, French, German, Czech, and Yugoslavian. At the beginning woman were placed in Auschwitz I, then in Birkenau, in sectors BIa and BIb.
According to the introduction: „The former women's camp, known in the Nazi nomenclature as the Frauenlager, is visible from the tower of the Gate of Death in Birkenau. Regular rows of brick barracks stand there, and rectangular concrete outlines mark the places where the wooden barracks were."
The most extensive part of the book is the collection of accounts by the former prisoners divided into 10 parts: e. x. „Roll calls, selections", „Labor", „Punishment", „Living, sanitary and quarantine conditions." Especially important are the testimonies by survivors describing a tragic fate of woman in the camp: exhausting physical labor in the camp, selections to the gas chambers, starvation, diseases, beating and mistreatment, extremely poor sanitary conditions.
This publication is complemented with graphics (drawings by the former prisoners) and the documentation of the camp administration.


Sara Huffman | February 24, 2011 | Click here to view the original article
A study of more than 3,000 kids reveals the culprit behind many childhood allergies could be low vitamin D levels.
Researchers from Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University headed the study which looked at blood vitamin D levels collected in 2005-2006 from a nationally representative sample of more than 3,100 children and adolescents and 3,400 adults.
The samples are derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a unique program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States via interviews, physical examinations and laboratory studies.
One of the blood tests assessed was sensitivity to 17 different allergens by measuring levels of Immunoglobulin E (IgE), a protein made when the immune system responds to allergens.
When the resulting data was analyzed by Einstein researchers, low vitamin D levels were linked to sensitivity to 11 of the 17 allergens tested, including both environmental allergens (e.g., ragweed, oak, dog, cockroach) and food allergens (e.g., peanuts) in children and adolescents.
For example, children who had vitamin D deficiency (defined as less than 15 nanograms of vitamin D per milliliter of blood) were 2.4 times as likely to have a peanut allergy than were children with sufficient levels of vitamin D (more than 30 nanograms of vitamin D per milliliter of blood).
No association between vitamin D levels and allergies was observed in adults.
Michal Melamed, M.D., M.H.S., assistant professor of Medicine and of Epidemiology & Population Health at Einstein and senior author of the study said the research only shows an association between low vitamin D levels and the risk of allergies, it doesn’t prove it.
Nevertheless, she said, children should certainly consume adequate amounts of the vitamin.
“The latest dietary recommendations calling for children to take in 600 IU of vitamin D daily should keep them from becoming vitamin-D deficient,” said Melamed.
The study was published in the February 17 online edition of the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.


Diving Safety: Myths and Facts of Diving in Shallow Water
According to the Foundation for Aquatic Injury Prevention, a non-profit educational organization dedicated to reducing the number of diving injuries, drownings and near drowning injuries, and other aquatic accidents, there are a few common diving safety myths that can benefit us to know.
Myth 1. It is common knowledge that diving into shallow water can cause neck and spinal cord injury.
Truth. While most people know that there is a chance of hitting the bottom of the pool very few associate diving into five feet or less of water as a potential risk for neck or spinal cord injury. In fact, most people will not believe that such serious injury is truly potential.
Myth 2. People understand the meaning of “shallow water.”
Truth. Interviewing hundreds of recreational swimmers will result in a very low number of people actually understanding what “shallow water” is. Most will state a depth between one and one half feet and four feet. In fact, “shallow water” is a depth of five feet or less.
Myth 3. I know how to dive into a swimming pool without getting injured, I’ve been doing it since I was seven years old.
Truth. While most children are taught how to dive at an early age, and in water approximately four feet in depth, as they grow they do not know how to dive without injury. The reason is that as they take their annual plunges into private or public pools they are getting taller, and therefore the same depth as the year prior causes more risk of injury. Young swimmers should never be taught to dive into a depth of less than five feet, and the dangers of shallow water diving should be reinforced every year to minimize dangers.
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The history of this sacrament is long and complex. It begins, of course, with Jesus Christ. Christ gave power to the holy apostles to bind and loose sins. Sin is traditionally defined as "disobedience" or alienation from God which causes us to hate ourselves and be distant from others.
If we confess our sins, God is always ready to forgive us, just as the father did the prodigal son. Christian confession and even confession in the Old Testament was always public confession. There was no notion that confession be other than a public one. Over the years, it evolved into a "private" confession where Christians would reveal their sins to a priest. It is the practice of the Armenian Church to endorse both private and public forms of confession. The more practiced is the public one where those ready to take communion first step forward and confess their sins as a group ("megha Asdoodzoh"... I have sinned against God...).
The present form of confession is a shortened version of St. Ephraim the Syrian's 10 confessional statements. It was originally introduced into the Armenian Church by St. Gregory the Illuminator and translated from the Syriac by Sts. Mesrob and Sahag.
It is through this sacrament of healing that humankind is restored and reconciled with God. But of course, forgiveness can only become complete and genuine when we ourselves are forgiving.


When you soil test, you can determine the category of your soil’s fertility: very high, high, optimum, low, or very low. Research indicates the percentage of P and K applications expected on average to produce a yield response within each soil test category is as follows:
Based on input costs and expected yield increases, the optimum category is the most profitable. Much like gambling, if the odds of winning are 80%, you play all night. If the odds of winning are only 5%, you might not even take a seat at the table. Net-net: knowing your odds and having a plan gives you the best chance of winning.
When you eat a well balanced diet, you feel better and increase your productivity. The same can happen in your soil. When it comes to base saturation and soil ph, knowing you have one of them at the right level usually means the other is, too. The base nutrients in soil are Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, and Hydrogen. When each of these nutrients is at the proper percentage level in the soil, your soil will have optimum health and performance, which will help to maximize your profits.
Soil testing can help you maximize the use of very expensive nutrients. If you soil test every two to four years, you can determine trends in your soil test category and make changes to ensure you are operating at optimum level. If your soil tests too high, there is an increased risk of Nitrogen and Phosphorous loss, both of which are not only expensive but are also being considered a pollutant in certain situations. A regular soil testing program can save you time in the fields, decrease input costs, improve crop performance, and better the environment.


The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is a spectrometer that can measure wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible light. OMI was launched in 2004 on board NASA’s EOS-Aura satellite. OMI daily measures the global concentrations of atmospheric ozone and other important gases in the atmosphere at high spatial resolution.
NASA’s Aura satellite investigates whether the ozone layer is recovering as expected; what the sources, characteristics and movements of air pollution in the troposphere are; and how the climate on Earth is changing. The OMI instrument is a spectrometer that looks straight down at the Earth. OMI observes reflected radiation between 270 and 500 nanometres with a spectral resolution of about 0.5 nanometres. The observation angle of the instrument (114°) corresponds to a 2600-kilometre-wide area on Earth. This makes it possible to map the whole atmosphere every day. OMI has a two-dimensional detector. In the normal operational state, a single pixel in the observation is 13 x 24 kilometres at nadir (straight down). In the zoom mode, that resolution can be improved to 13 x 12 kilometres. OMI’s daily global observations provide scientists with crucial data about our atmosphere. Special innovative technology, such as the quasi-volume diffuser for calibration in space, makes an even more accurate interpretation of the data possible. This means a leap forwards in our knowledge about the Earth's atmosphere.
The Netherlands and OMI
The OMI project is a collaboration between the Netherlands, Finland and the United States. NSO is leading the Dutch contribution. OMI is financed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. The instrument was constructed by Dutch Space (now Airbus Defence and Space Netherlands) and TNO, together with numerous Dutch subcontractors. The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) processes and analyses the scientific data from OMI.


In the Shadow of Hegel develops a new understanding of history operating against, but in the shadow of, the Hegelian logic of history as the unfolding of the Absolutely Self-Conscious Spirit—Geist. In this context Plotnitsky examines Hegel’s significance for Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Bataille, and, especially, Derrida, and exposes both the proximities and distances of the Hegelian and poststructuralist understanding of history. The book offers a general theoretical framework enabling the understanding of history it develops but with broader implications. This framework is introduced in the wake of poststructuralist thinking, following Nietzsche, under the rubric of complementarity—a conceptual matrix drawn from Niels Bohr’s interpretation of quantum mechanics, conjoined here with the matrix of general economy as developed, via Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud, in the works of Bataille and Derrida.
Within this framework Plotnitsky relates history and the unconscious—Hegel and Freud—transforming both concepts. He shows how history itself is complementary, specifically to the unconscious, which he sees as a central concept of post-Hegelian thought. Plotnitsky also explores the role of quantum mechanics and several other developments in modern mathematics and science, particularly those proceeding along the axis of general economy. He reveals reciprocity and interpenetrations between these fields—from Newton to Riemann to Einstein and Bohr, on the one hand, and from Hegel to Nietzsche to Bataille to Lacan to Deleuze and Derrida, on the other—and by extensions new possibilities of conceptual and metaphorical traffic between different fields of intellectual inquiry.
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THE INSTITUTE’S RESEARCH PROGRAMS
Studying anomalies in nocturnal gas exchange in children with trisomy 21
Enrolment in progress
In collaboration with:
TriRespi is a project run in partnership with Armand Trousseau Hospital. It is studying gas exchange anomalies in patients with trisomy 21 aged 4-16 years old.
Some children with trisomy 21 present respiratory insufficiency during sleep, also called alveolar hypoventilation.1
This causes a blood carbon dioxide level that is too high or an oxygen concentration that is too low. In some cases, but not always, this hypoventilation is secondary to sleep apnea (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, OSAS).2
Two recent retrospective studies have highlighted the fact that children with trisomy 21 have a higher carbon dioxide pressure than in the general pediatric population, and that this is not due to sleep apnea alone.
We want to check this data prospectively, as well as explore its impact using neuropsychological tests.
If an anomaly is found during overnight recording, we will be able to offer parents who want it a complete assessment to improve the management of their child’s nocturnal hypoventilation.
1 Alveolar Hypoventilation: insufficient ventilation, which disrupts gas exchange.
2 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS): sleep apnea is repeated pauses in breathing during sleep.
For the purposes of the study, 47 children with trisomy 21 living in Paris, its inner suburbs and Picardy, and aged 4-16 years old, will be enrolled and monitored at Armand Trousseau Hospital by Dr Jessica Taytard and Dr Guillaume Aubertin.


This tool calculates the voltage across each of three (3) resistors in series.
Enter the Input Voltage Vin, and resistor values R1, R2, and R3.
The largest voltage drop will be across the largest resistor value. Conversely, the smallest voltage drop will be across the smallest.
If you want to calculate the voltage drop across two resistors in series, set R3=0. In the equations above V3 will be zero (no voltage drop across a short circuit) and effectively this is reduced to a two resistor divider network.
With R1=1Ω, R2=3Ω, R3=5Ω and Vin=12V, the voltages
- V1 = 1.33V
- V2 = 4V
- V3 = 6.67V
The sum of the 3 voltages = the input voltage. As a check you can see that 1.33+4+6.67 = 12V
- Voltage Divider Calculator with 2 resistors
- Voltage Divider Calculator with 4 resistors
- Voltage Divider Calculator with 5 resistors


Johnny Depp has been inspired by his Native American roots both in his new role as Tonto in The Lone Ranger and in his personal life. After finding out that a piece of land in South Dakota known as Wounded Knee has been put on the market for $3.9 million with local Native Americans unable to afford it, Johnny wants to purchase the land with his own funds.
The site, the scene of an 1890 massacre, holds historical value for the Native American community but was unfortunately seized by the government and now, they are at risk of losing the land forever — unless Johnny moves forward with the purchase.
“It’s very sacred ground and many atrocities were committed against the Sioux there,” Johnny explains in a new interview. “And in the 1970s there was a stand-off between the Feds (Federal government) and the people who should own that land. This historical land is so important to the Sioux culture and all I want to do is buy it and give it back. Why doesn’t the government do that?”
^ Johnny Depp as Tonto in The Lone Ranger.
As for his background, Johnny isn’t quite sure exactly what he is or how much, but for him, that doesn’t matter. “I was told at a very young age that I have some Indian blood – God knows how much, but it’s there. It’s part of me,” Johnny reveals. “We were told that we were of Cherokee descent, but it’s possible it could have been Creek Indian.”
“My great-grandmother on my mum’s side, Mae Sloan, had quite the look – the braids, the whole thing,” he continues, “And she was a wonderful, beautiful woman. She lived until she was 102 and she chewed tobacco till the day she died.”
Top Photo: Nikki Nelson/WENN.com


Assistive technology is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of people with neurological differences. This is why assistive software is a great way to support those with dyslexia.
Ayoa is a Mind Mapping tool perfectly suited to those with dyslexia. With a unique combination of Mind Mapping and Task Management features, Ayoa allows users to not only develop and organize ideas, but turn these into tasks with its practical and action-based features.
Ayoa is available on web and mobile. Click here to view and download all of Ayoa’s apps.
As a subscription-based tool, Ayoa has a number of pricing plans available depending on the number of people in your team and how often you’d like to pay. We also offer a education discount on annual plans. To find out more, please visit our pricing page.
Mind Mapping is an invaluable technique for anyone, and especially for those with dyslexia. With a structure that radiates from the center out, Mind Maps allow information to be viewed visually, rather than in a linear way. As those with dyslexia often have a natural tendency towards creative thinking, visual learning can provide an extremely effective way to manage daily tasks.
Ayoa has a uniquely visual interface designed to inspire creative thinking. Check out some of Ayoa’s key features below:
Choose from a variety of Mind Mapping styles including a hand-drawn style and auto-layout.
Customize Your Work
Edit colors and add images to personalize your maps and kickstart your creative thinking.
Big Picture vs. Detail
Easily see the big picture, and focus in on specific tasks and ideas when necessary.
Idea to Task
An idea remains just an idea until actioned. Turn ideas straight into actionable tasks.
To discover more about Ayoa’s Mind Mapping features, click the button below:


Hobie Cat is one of the most popular sailboat production companies to ever exist, and the Hobie 16 is the most popular boat in the Hobie Cat line-up. The key to Hobie’s success was largely in part to advancements in strong and lightweight materials. This advancement allowed Hobie to achieve record breaking performance in their particular class of boat. The mast of the Hobie 16 is one of the heavier pieces of the craft. The overall mass and center of mass is greatly affected by this component, which begs to question if there may possibly be room for improvement. A sailboat mast is defined as a tall vertical spar, sometimes sectioned, that rises from the keel or deck of a sailing vessel to support the sails and the standing and running rigging. Sailboat masts are long, slender structures. They must be designed to be able to hold the thrust loads that are acting on them from the sails which will differ based on wind conditions. A mast must also be made of a material that will allow it to go through the varying environmental conditions without fatiguing. When designing a sailboat mast a few of the main goals are to have a low center of gravity, be light weight, and also aerodynamically efficient.
During this research a Hobie 16 mast design was taken as a baseline design for testing. The current mast on the market weighs between 50–60 lbs. While this is not extremely heavy, the center of gravity is approximately 13.5 feet from the end of the mast. This high center of gravity makes it tough to raise and lower the mast when launching the boat. One important objective in this work is to create a mast that will be easier for the user to raise and lower without sacrificing the structural integrity of the mast. Three masts have been created in solid modeling software, and their performance characteristics have been tested using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Two of the designs are original works, while one is a copy of the original Hobie Cat design. The original design was analyzed, providing baseline data for which to compare the new designs with. In addition to the new designs, all designs have been constructed from three different materials as Aluminum Alloy 6061, Aluminum Alloy 7075 and Acrylic. This allows for comparison of designs and possible new materials. After an in depth analysis of all masts, the recommendation is made that Hobie 16 users would benefit greatly from the use of a tapered mast made of aluminum alloy 7075.


(2 minute read)
Have you ever observed a bird when it is walking around?
A few steps forwards, a quick turning of its head, followed by some foraging for insects, seeds or worms.
The birds’ behaviours and actions are a good example of how our brain works in two distinct modes, broad (diffuse) and narrow (focused). It is also a great reminder of the evolutionary biology at play here. The diffuse mode allows the bird to scan and survey the surroundings for threats or predators, while the focused mode permits it to detect and devour any tasty morsels available.
As humans, we crave the opportunity to do deep or focused work, where there are minimal interruptions and the opportunity to be highly productive. However, this requires considerable energy, and we need to ease our focus and concentration, step away from the task-at-hand to replenish our reserves and ‘scan our horizons’, just like the bird. Our minds are still at work during this diffuse mode, while they make connections and consider problems in their entirety.
It’s advantageous to be able to step back and look at a task or problem to gain the complete picture before getting stuck into the hands-on components. Imagine an artist at work on a large canvas or wall mural. While their brush strokes are measured and purposeful (focused) they’ll take regular breaks to step away from their artwork to view the whole picture (diffuse).
In the profession of Learning & Development, we encourage coaches, trainers, and facilitators to begin with context (big-picture, diffuse) before delivering content (information, focused).
Within our Evolving Leadership Program, we dedicate time to addressing the challenge of task management and effective planning. We’ve identified the positive impact of tapping into the focused mode of thinking, as well as the need to keep the intended outcomes in mind.
To give yourself a chance to re-focus and re-energise during deep work (especially if looking at a computer screen), try the 20-20-20 Rule.
Every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.


Cultural and social norms contribute to gender differences in substance use and health outcomes. Religiosity is an important facet of Mexican culture that reinforces familial and societal gender norms and behaviors, which may result in aspects of religiosity having differential protective effects on intentions to use substances for male and female youth. Applying an ecodevelopmental perspective, this article examines gender differences in religiosity and its subsequent impact on intentions to use substances in a cross-sectional sample of Mexican adolescents (N = 390; M = 13.01) from Jalisco, Mexico. A bi-national team of researchers from universities in Mexico and in the US conducted this study in accordance with the Institutional Review Board at both universities and followed policies for protecting human subjects. Using OLS regression, a significant relationship between gender and internal (β = .23, p < .05) and external religiosity (β = .31, p < .05) was found. This association was stronger for males. Internal religiosity was protective for females against intentions to use alcohol (β = -.23, p < .001) and cigarettes (β = -.18, p < .01), while external religiosity was protective for males against intentions to use alcohol (β = -.11, p < .01). Despite rapidly changing cultural norms, most girls in the sample appear to be adhering to more traditional conceptions of gender roles that could be reinforced at least in part by internal religiosity. Boys, on the other hand, appear to be benefiting more from external religiosity and organized religion's sponsored environments and networks. Given the role of the family in the transmission of culture to youth, social work implications from this study suggest the need to approach substance use prevention with Mexican youth, and perhaps with Mexican heritage youth in the US, from a gendered and culturally informed perspective that recognizes the protective facets of religiosity for boys and girls.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Title of host publication||Public Health, Social Work and Health Inequalities|
|Publisher||Nova Science Publishers, Inc.|
|Number of pages||16|
|State||Published - Jan 1 2015|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Even though you think that a person is wrong, tell them the contrary, that you agree with them.
This is a tip that we can learn from hunting animals. A hunting tactic is to show the animal that you have something it is interested in, and then you catch it. This is a male instinct from ancient times.
Showing agreement, understanding and identification with a person’s life opens them up to you. It is not like boxing where they open up to you and then you punch them. But you prepare them to not hold any prejudices against you, and that they will open the windows of their mind and will gradually start listening to you. When they feel that you agree with them, then it helps to awaken the thought that they too need to change their opinion, even if just a little bit—unlike how it originally appeared to them—and then you enter a common opinion.
It is important to note that the principle here is not to let that person feel that you understand them, that you are in their situation, and that you agree with what they say in order to gradually say what is important to you and to draw them to your direction. No. Around 90 percent of the time, when you talk to another person, you should talk to them on their turf.
Based on the video “How to Let Others Open Up to You” with Kabbalist Dr. Michael Laitman and Tal Mandelbaum. Written/edited by students of Kabbalist Dr. Michael Laitman. Photo by Harli Marten on Unsplash
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What Is a Back Matter
Glossary > Back Matter
💬 Definition of Back Matter:
The back matter of a book refers to the sections or elements that appear at the end of the book after the main content (or the body of the book). It usually includes the index, bibliography, glossary, appendices, endnotes, and any other supplementary information or materials relevant to the book that provides readers with additional context, information, or resources.
Related questions about a back matter:
What are the elements of a back matter?
Here’s what you usually find and the end of a book after the main text:
- Acknowledgments: section where the author expresses gratitude or gives recognition to the people who have contributed in various ways to the creation of the book
- Author bio: a summary of the author’s previous work, education, and personal life.
- Copyright permissions: a list of sources of inspiration for extended fragments of books, lyrics, or other materials the author used in the present work. It can appear either in the front matter or back matter.
- Appendix / Addendum (nonfiction): additional information, data, or supplementary material that is relevant to the main content of the book but is not essential to the main narrative or argument. You can find an appendix in academic textbooks or research papers and may include items such as charts, graphs, tables, images, maps, or extended lists.
- Chronology (nonfiction): a list of events in a consecutive order, which can be useful for readers, especially when the narrative happens non-chronologically.
- Endnotes (nonfiction): additional notes associated with specific text sections, indicated within the main body by superscript characters.
- Glossary: list of definitions and explanations of key terms or specialized vocabulary used within the text to help the reader understand unfamiliar or technical terms.
- Index: list of specific topics, concepts, or terms that are discussed within the main content of the book, along with the page numbers where those topics can be found.
- Bibliography: a list of citations compiled following a manual of style.
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Family is an important part of our lives. It is the main source of love and support. Conflicts in families are quite common and can be solved together by accepting personal differences and talking about the issue. However, a serious family problem or issue leads to the display of negative emotions like anxiety, sadness, anger, disappointment, etc. The members of the family often feel confused, stressed, and isolated. It can also affect the mental and physical health of the family members involved. Are you facing any such issue? Click here to get the required legal help.
Family problems can affect your life in the following ways:-
Chronic stress: Family is the backbone of an individual. A serious conflict within the family can put you under a lot of stress and anxiety. This chronic stress will impact your physical and mental health too. This stress will give birth to mental health problems like anxiety and depression.
Negative effects of abuse: As an individual, if you are going through physical or mental abuse, it will contribute to severe psychological problems that might require lifelong therapy. An individual who has been abused by a family member will require routine therapy to overcome the trauma. The seriousness of the abuse will determine the kind of trauma endured and will require years of treatment.
Effects of dysfunctional families: Dysfunctional families create an unhealthy atmosphere at home. The toxic behavior of parents toward their children can cause repeated trauma and lower their self-esteem. This leads to various mental health issues and conflicts within the family. Children who grow up in such environments become emotionally distant, have conflicts with people outside the family, have a submissive attitude, etc. They also have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships later in life.
Physical health problems: Family problems and continuous conflicts will affect your physical health in the long run. Damage to mental health will instigate other health problems like heart diseases, auto-immune diseases, insomnia, weak immune system, etc.
The bond between family members is characterized by deep affection, respect, loyalty, and healthy attachment. All serious family problems and issues can be overcome by the love and support of all the members. Understanding each other’s temperaments and respecting each other goes a long way in avoiding potential conflicts. If you feel that you are living in an unhealthy family environment, you must take the help of a counselor or therapist for a better life. Also, a family law attorney can help you sort out things.


Imagination(Oxford) is defined as:
—“The faculty or action of forming new ideas, or images or concepts of external objects not present to the senses.”
—“The ability of the mind to be creative or resourceful.”
Leaders from all generations have spoken on imagination
“Imagination rules the world.”
— Napoleon Bonaparte
“Imagination is the beginning of creation. You imagine what you desire, you will what you imagine, and at last, you create what you will.”
― George Bernard Shaw
“They who dream by day are cognizant of many things which escape those who dream only by night.”
— Edgar Allan Poe
“If you fall in love with the imagination, you understand that it is a free spirit. It will go anywhere, and it can do anything.”
― Alice Walker
“Live out of your imagination, not your history.”
― Stephen R. Covey
“Imagination will often carry us to worlds that never were. But without it we go nowhere.”
— Carl Sagan
“Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life’s coming attractions.”
There are thousands more quotes on imagination.
If some of the greatest minds of all time spoke on imagination, might it be important?
Can you use your imagination to change your life?
Begin with imagining your ideal life.
What does it look like?
How does it feel?
Take time to imagine it.
By dwelling in your imagination you are planting seeds of those images, which can manifest if you continually “water” it.
When other thoughts creep in, quickly remind yourself of the life you want. Focus on that and it has no choice but to manifest.


Spring Framework: Data Access with Spring
- 5 courses
- 12 hours
- Skill IQ
Spring Data provides a familiar and consistent, Spring-based programming model for data access while still retaining the special traits of the underlying data store.
It makes it easy to use data access technologies, relational and non-relational databases, map-reduce frameworks, and cloud-based data services. This is an umbrella project which contains many subprojects that are specific to a given database. The projects are developed by working together with many of the companies and developers that are behind these exciting technologies.
These features include: Powerful repository and custom object-mapping abstractions Dynamic query derivation from repository method names Implementation domain base classes providing basic properties Support for transparent auditing (created, last changed) Possibility to integrate custom repository code Easy Spring integration via JavaConfig and custom XML namespaces Advanced integration with Spring MVC controllers Experimental support for cross-store persistence
Courses in this path
This segment has been created to provide an introduction to the Spring Data and Spring Data JDBC
In this introductory section, you will learn things such as how transactions work in Spring Data, what a repository interface is and how repositories are used in Spring Data and how to differentiate between when you would use Spring Data JDBC, Spring Data JPA.
This intermediate section explores the Spring Data JPA. Learn about its advantages and limitations, attributes and XML configuration, implementing repository objects in Spring Data JPA and why repositories are implemented as interfaces.
This section focuses on using Spring Data MongoDB to access a MongoDB data store. Among other things, you will learn how to use Spring Data MongoDB to access a MongoDB datastore and configure an application to use Spring MongoDB as a data source.


While there are other institutions that focus on Holocaust materials, there are some specific lists of Lithuanian Jews caught up in the Holocaust that we have in our database.
Some examples of these kinds of records that are included in the ALD are listed below along with a brief description.
Sugihara Visa List
The names and visa dates of 2,139 Lithuanian, Polish, German, and Russian Jews, all of whom were saved by passports from the Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara in 1940.
Vilna Ghetto List Index
Data from a census of 15,507 Vilnius Ghetto prisoners conducted from 27-29 May 1942. This data comes from Volume 1 of "Vilnius Ghetto: Lists of Prisoners”. Volume I and Volume II of the 1942 Vilnius ghetto book can be obtained from the Vilna Gaon Jewish Museum, firstname.lastname@example.org in Vilnius. A wealth of information is contained in both books about the ghetto, what transpired, as well as information about the 35 different work camps in and around Vilnius. The data appears with the kind permission of Rachel Kostanian, the Director of the Vilna Gaon Museum in Vilnius, and Gary Mokotoff of Avotaynu, the distributor.
Lithuanian Jewish Holocaust Victims and Survivors Lists
This is a collection of data taken from a number of sources, including indexes of names contained in three post-WW2 books on Lithuania:
- The Annihilation of Lithuanian Jewry by Abraham Oshry
- Lithuanian Jewish Communities by Nancy and Stuart Schoenberg
- Bravery and Heroism in Lithuania by Alex Feitelson
and a number of lists published by the American Federation of Lithuanian Jews in 1945/46 of Lithuanian Jews found to have survived the Holocaust.
Please be aware that the spellings of names -- both first and last -- may be different from the ones you are familiar with and accustomed to. In addition, some information on these lists that do not fit into our database template are noted in the Comments Field. For more information, see our Translation, Transliteration, and Database Standards for the ALD.
Click Here to search the ALD


"This book is an amazing resource for teachers who are struggling to help students develop both procedural fluency and conceptual understanding..."
--Dr. Margaret (Peg) Smith, co-author of 5 Practices for Orchestrating Productive Mathematical Discussions
Robert Kaplinsky, the co-creator of Open Middle math problems, brings his new class of tasks designed to stimulate deeper thinking and lively discussion among middle and high school students in Open Middle Math: Problems That Unlock Student Thinking, Grades 6-12. The problems are characterized by a “closed beginning,” meaning all students start with the same initial problem, and a “closed end,” meaning there is only one correct or optimal answer. The key is that the middle is “open” in the sense that there are multiple ways to approach and ultimately solve the problem. These tasks have proven enormously popular with teachers looking to assess and deepen student understanding, build student stamina, and energize their classrooms.
Open Middle Math
Professional Learning Resource for Teachers: Open Middle Math is an indispensable resource for educators interested in teaching student-centered mathematics in middle and high schools consistent with the national and state standards
Sample Problems at Each Grade: The book demonstrates the Open Middle concept with sample problems ranging from dividing fractions at 6th grade to algebra, trigonometry, and calculus
Teaching Tips for Student-Centered Math Classrooms: Kaplinsky shares guidance on choosing problems, designing your own math problems, and teaching for multiple purposes, including formative assessment, identifying misconceptions, procedural fluency, and conceptual understanding
Adaptable and Accessible Math: The tasks can be solved using various strategies at different levels of sophistication, which means all students can access the problems and participate in the conversation
will help math teachers transform the 6th -12th grade classroom into an environment focused on problem solving, student dialogue, and critical thinking.


Psychopath raises a very particular kind of image in the mind. Thanks to the perpetuation of some very vivid, grotesque, and cruel stereotypes, we tend to think of psychopaths as clinically insane- there is a difference. We see them as murderers, thieves, and comic book story villains. There is a difference between the clinically insane- those who are completely and dangerously detached from the roots of humanity in reality, and those are living with a form of psychopathy, which is different.
Signs and Symptoms
The problem with trying to use the signs and symptoms to determine if someone might be living with a form of psychopathy is that it is the psychopathic nature to be especially endearing and charming, which hides some of the other symptoms. For example, it is common in psychopathic behavior to take risks, regardless of consequence. Endangering the self or endangering others is of little to no consequence to anyone else. Risky and non-consequential behavior is not exclusive to psychopathic behavior, which can make the symptom seem normal. Typically, the risks that someone with psychopathic tendencies are significantly greater and have a higher cost than others. Risky behavior is often coupled with impulsivity, which is caused by what seems like boredom but is in many ways a lack of stimulation. For further complication, these symptoms are common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aggressive behavior, impulsive behavior, and egotistical behavior can all be attributed elsewhere.
The defining characteristics of psychopathic behavior include behaviors which seem cruel, intention, uncaring, and unemotional. Despite a charming demeanor, the lack of consideration to others gets in the way of being able to have healthy relationships because there are chronically harms being done.
Working With a Psychopath
If you believe someone in your life is struggling with a severe mental health disorder, it is important to maintain strict boundaries in order to keep a defining line of reality. Each state has mandated programs for voluntary treatment if you believe someone is a danger to you or to others.
Avalon By The Sea is a certified primary mental health treatment program providing residential care to heal mind, body, and spirit. Call us today for a confidential assessment and more information: 888-337-2602


April 22, 2015
Area(s) of Interest: Environmental Health Public Health
A new study has found that 4.6 million young people — a quarter of all high school students and nearly 8 percent of middle school students —used tobacco in some form last year. According to the study, there was a decline in the numbers of high school students smoking cigarettes (from 16 percent to 9 percent), as well as a decline in the use of cigars and pipes. However, the study found that there was a substantial increase in the use of e-cigarettes (9.4 percent) and hookah pipes (13.4 percent ) that led to 400,000 additional young people using tobacco products in 2014.
The survey, published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, asked 22,000 middle and high school students about their tobacco usage over a 30-day period. The overall results were roughly consistent with recent years, with 24.6 percent of high school students and 7.7 percent of middle school students saying they had used some form of tobacco in 2014.
This is the first time since the survey started collecting data on e-cigarettes in 2011 that current e-cigarette use has surpassed current use of every other tobacco product overall, including conventional cigarettes. E-cigarettes were the most used tobacco product for non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic other races, while cigars were the most commonly used product among non-Hispanic blacks.
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) recently published a report that found that California e-cigarette use among young adults ages 18 to 29 had tripled in one year. CDPH also determined that secondhand smoke from e-cigarettes is a public health threat, with at least 10 carcinogens present in its vapor, including nickel and other heavy metals, as well as formaldehyde and benzene.
The report also found that the availability of e-cigarettes in a variety of candy and fruit flavors such as cotton candy, gummy bear, chocolate mint and grape made these products highly appealing to young children and teens. Among children up to 5 years old, e-cigarette poisonings increased sharply from only seven in 2012 to 154 in 2014. By the end of 2014, e-cigarette poisonings in young children tripled in one year, making up more than 60 percent of all e-cigarette poisoning calls.
Click here to read the report.


Business software program operating systems are applications that systemize business treatments. They aid to streamline processes and evaluate progress. This may save time, money and energy. These programs could be installed on pcs or a web server.
They can be good for both large and small businesses. A lot of them are compatible to applications and devices. Incidents where have an exercise system to train users using them.
They could be used to keep an eye on employees, examine progress, and generate calculated decisions. Businesses may also use them with regards to accounting and document creation. The software can also be customized to adjust to the requires of a particular company.
A few of these systems are free. Others demand a higher technological skill level. It is important to check for upgrades periodically. At times, new versions are available for free. However , the latest version has to be reliable. Hold out to up grade any business-critical machines until the new type is dependable.
Another thing to consider is a type of applications that are used. Unique enterprises https://www.onelessdesk.com/developing-and-implementing-an-effective-technology-processing-plan may need several types of operating systems. For instance , a small business might want to consider a software application to assist with salaries and products on hand management.
There are plenty of types of enterprise resource planning devices. These are designed to provide complete access to business functions and let managers to spot solutions.
They could be suited for multiple components, including network computers, cloud servers, and many other devices. Organization computer software operating systems are an easy way to improve processes, preserve time and money, and conserve assets.


Here at Dallington School we focus on promoting cooperation and communication inside and outside the classroom. Be it through games, songs or activities we always encourage our children to support and guide each other in their learning. In order to do this consistently we base our teaching strategies on Kagan structures. Dr Spencer Kagan has been researching how to promote cooperative learning in the classroom for over twenty years and his approach is used in classrooms throughout the world. Through these methods children’s confidence grows and as they are in charge of their own learning they are motivated and enthusiastic.
In our classrooms we use different methods at different times but as an example, in a Nursery circle time you may hear ¨turn to your partner and name all the pink objects on the board.” The children then turn to their pre-arranged partner and take turns naming objects. We make sure that every half term children change partners in order to get to know one another and make new friends.
Another strategy we use here at Dallington is the “Sticky High Five”. The children dance to the music and when it stops they “high five” the person closest to them. The teacher then asks a question and the children give an answer. In order for these strategies to be effective they take time and patience to put into place and are levelled depending on the class.
It is so important that here in Early Years, the children are working together to solve problems, answer questions and test out ideas. In groups, children learn how to be patient, manage their own emotions and be caring towards others and by using these Kagan structures we are promoting these values.


Playing traditional instruments in the western world, we get quite used to “square” or “even” rhythms and meters in the songs we play.
Marches and Reels are in (4/4) time; Polkas are in (2/2 or 4/4). Even jigs (6/8) have 2 pulses in their measures. Waltzes (3/4) have a strong beat on 1. Slides (12/8 or 6/8) and Slip Jigs (9/8) have multiple pulses in their measures, but what all of these tunes tend to have in common is that they have a regular way to be counted based on the time signature.
There are other places in the world, however, where tunes with Odd Meters are considered normal or natural. Key signatures of 5/4, 7/8, 11/8 feel odd to many of us, but odd can ALSO mean FUN!
Actually what happens in these tunes is the players or dancers sometimes sub-divide the counting into smaller bits to help keep the song together.
5/4 may be counted: 123 12
11/8 may be counted: 1234 123 1234.
7/8 may be counted several ways: 1234 123 or 123 1234 or 123 12 12.
Which choice is made is determined by the character of the tune itself.
The tune Club-Footed Jib is a tune that I wrote as an etude (a study) of the 7/8 time signature. Each of the 3 sections of the tune has a different way of counting. A new lesson teaching this tune and its exciting Odd Meter has now been posted.
Here is the hammered dulcimer demonstration of the tune.
Here is the mountain dulcimer demonstration of the tune.
Log in and learn to play this one as a tool for exploring an Odd Meter!


Microsoft Word for the Social Sciences
Section 1 Introduction
The materials available here were created to guide students through the CSDE workshop Microsoft Word for the Social Sciences.
Please see the PowerPoint presentation introducing the workshop.
Documentation is central to all research. There is an adage that applies to scientific research: “if it did not get reported, it did not happen.”
Although there are a number of options for producing documentation (e.g., \(\LaTeX\), Sweave, RMarkdown), each with their own benefits and drawbacks, Microsoft Word (hereafter as “Word”) remains as a widely used option.
I have found that most students and even many highly experienced senior researchers and professors do not know how to use some of the built-in functions within Word to increase productivity, standardize formatting, and reducing unnecessary and potentially error-producing workflows. In my many years in higher education, I have also found almost no attention paid to the practical use of the world’s most widely-used word processing application.
What this course is
This course will introduce students to some of the functions within Word to increase productivity and reduce busy-work.
What this course is not
This course is not intended to teach fundamentals of document structure (e.g., what should be placed in “results” versus “discussion”).
Each of the topics shown below will be covered during the course.
- Spell checker (duh!)
- Use of styles for consistent headings, body, indentations, etc.
- Style separator for including different styles in the same paragraph
- Table, figure, and equation captions and cross-referencing
- Including captions and graphics in tables for easier position management
- Citations and bibliographies using Mendeley
- Using RMarkdown for Word output


The number of Americans ages 65 and older will more than double over the next 40 years, reaching 80 million in 2040. The number of adults ages 85 and older, the group most often needing help with basic personal care, will nearly quadruple between 2000 and 2040.
The nation is aging. By 2040, about one in five Americans will be age 65 or older, up from about one in eight in 2000. Because younger people are much more likely than older people to work and pay taxes that finance Social Security, Medicare, and all other public-sector activities, population aging could strain government budgets.
The number of workers sharing the cost of supporting Social Security beneficiaries will soon plummet unless future employment patterns change dramatically. The latest Social Security Administration projections indicate that there will be 2.1 workers per Social Security beneficiary in 2040, down from 3.7 in 1970.
Declining fertility rates partly account for population aging. The total fertility rate—the number of children women bear—plummeted during the Great Depression in the 1930s and then soared in the 1950s after World War II (producing what we know as the "baby boom" cohort). Fertility then declined steeply until the mid 1970s. The total fertility rate increased slightly after 1975 and now stands at about 2.1, roughly the minimum rate needed to maintain population size without any net immigration.
Improvements in life expectancy have also propelled the increase in the older population. Between 1900 and 1960, life expectancy at birth increased from 51 years to 74 years for men and from 58 years to 80 years for women, primarily through reductions in infant, childhood, and early adult mortality. Longevity gains since 1960, fueled by declining death rates at older ages, have been slower, especially for women. Life expectancy's future course is uncertain but could grow dramatically. Some experts claim that half of girls born today will live until age 100 (Vaupel 2000).
Older Americans are also living longer. In 1960, men who turned age 62 could expect to live another 15 years. By 2040, they will likely live for another 22 years. For 62-year-old women, the gain in remaining life expectancy between 1960 and 2040 will be four years. If the earliest eligibility age for Social Security retirement benefits remains 62, rising life expectancy will increase the number of years older adults receive benefits.


Correlation Of Printed Circuit Board Properties To Pad-Crater Defects Under Monotonic Spherical Bend
thesisposted on 2021-05-22, 11:24 authored by Brian Gray
The restriction of lead in solder has caused a change in base materials used to make electronics—the result of which has been a new failure mode known as pad-crater. The susceptibility of six commercially available printed circuit board (PCB) laminates to pad-crater by spherical bend test was determined. The correlation of PCB laminate tensile properties, Vicker’s hardness (VH) of the resin, and weave dimensions showed an inverse relation between susceptibility to pad-crater and VH. Spherical bend testing of pure G10 laminate showed the orthotropic nature of laminates must be accounted for when modeling spherical bend. Comparison of bare PCB spherical bend test results showed the warp and weft direction have different strain responses for some materials. Comparison of strain energy of printed circuit board assemblies and bare PCB subjected to spherical bend showed the additional stiffness added by the ball grid array is almost identical for PCB laminates with different tensile properties.
- Master of Applied Science
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Granting InstitutionRyerson University
LAC Thesis Type


Thematic Drawing and Focused, Episodic Interview upon the Drawing—A Method in Order to Approach to the Children's Point of View on Movement, Play and Sports at School
Keywords:child, childhood research, moving school, elementary school, children's drawing, interview, children's point of view, qualitative social research
AbstractThis article follows the steps of a qualitative research project from an initial interest to the results. The research project "What children moves" intends to find out children's wishes and ideas concerning moving-, playing- and sports-activities at school. The method of data collection is a combination of thematic drawing and focused, episodic interview. The subject for the drawing—"These are my wishes for classroom lessons, for the schoolyard and for physical education lessons within a Moving School"—is connected with an adapted kind of "Three Wishes Free" instruction. The children are asked to draw one picture for each of the school related areas mentioned above. Some days after having handed in their drawings, the children are interviewed. The drawings and the transcripts of the interviews pass a special kind of qualitative analysis. The drawing sample comprises 395 children from the 2nd to the 6th grade. The interview comprises contents from 64 children out of the drawing sample, 32 girls and 32 boys. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs030187
Download data is not yet available.
How to Cite
Kuhn, P. (2003). Thematic Drawing and Focused, Episodic Interview upon the Drawing—A Method in Order to Approach to the Children’s Point of View on Movement, Play and Sports at School. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-4.1.750
Copyright (c) 2003 Peter Kuhn
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


A Few Basic Concepts of Marketing
Marketing is an overall term that encompasses a wide array of activities aimed at the communication of information to customers, the creation and development of products and services, management of the firm’s financial assets and also the promotion of those goods and services. Marketing refers to the entire process an organization undertakes to engaged its target audience, develop strong relations to make value out of the assets in return for investment, and create value for the firm to gain profit. In simpler terms marketing is about creating and distributing a product or service so that people are willing to buy it and eventually return it to you. A firm can either create the market or promote their products and services through marketing strategies.
One of the most important marketing concepts is marketing research, which is basically the process of gathering information from the consumers about what they need and want. This information is used by marketers to understand what consumers need and want and use this knowledge to produce something that meets consumer demands. Marketing also involves studying consumer behavior and their buying tendencies and preferences so that marketers can use the appropriate marketing strategies in their products and services so that consumers will purchase these products and services. The basic concepts of marketing include the design and creation of products and services, research in the target market, customer analysis, pricing and promotions, etc. It also includes other activities such as controlling distribution channels, publicizing the firm’s offerings, etc.
Marketing also incorporates various concepts like advertising, branding, research and development, and coordinating marketing with the other aspects of the firm. These concepts include planning, developing, executing, and controlling the various aspects of marketing. Planning involves the strategy and timing of introduction of marketing techniques, analyzing customer needs, designing the marketing mix, measuring and monitoring results, and developing appropriate measures to achieve desired results. Branded branding on the other hand refers to creating and maintaining a distinctive brand image for products and services that help to increase customer satisfaction.


Apple and Foxconn are teaming up to build solar power plants that will ensure its iPhone-manufacturing factories in China run on 100 percent clean energy.
Foxconn has committed to constructing more than 400 megawatts of solar power plants, beginning in China’s Henan Province, by 2018. Apple will also build an addition 200 megawatts of solar projects throughout China, helping offset the carbon produced by the rest of its supply chain.
The carbon footprint impact this will have is reportedly equivalent to taking 4 million cars off the road for an entire year.
“We are excited to embark on this initiative with Apple,” Foxconn CEO Terry Gou said. “Our companies share a vision for driving sustainability and I hope that this renewable energy project will serve as a catalyst for continued efforts to promote a greener ecosystem in our industry and beyond.”
“Climate change is one of the great challenges of our time, and the time for action is now,” Tim Cook said in a statement.
In addition to the two new projects, Apple also announced that construction on 40 megawatts of solar projects in China’s Sichuan Province is now complete.
The solar power generated by these produces more than the total amount of energy used by Apple’s offices and Apple Stores in China — meaning that Apple’s operations are now entirely carbon neutral in the country.
This isn’t the first environmental initiatives Apple has made in China. Earlier this year, Tim Cook joined popular Chinese microblogging service Weibo to announce that Apple is funding a five year project to manage 1 million acres of forests across China.
This project is being managed by the World Wildlife Fund, and will include the planting of new trees, alongside the implementing of new environmental standards to produce less pollution in paper-manufacturing.
Under Cook’s leadership, Apple has turned the corner on environmental issues. Nowhere is this better illustrated than by Greenpeace’s reevaluation of the company, which was criticized during Jobs’ era for its lack of green concern.
In Greenpeace’s latest report card, the organization noted that, “Apple’s commitment to renewable energy has helped set a new bar for the industry, illustrating in very concrete terms that a 100 percent renewable Internet is within its reach and providing several models of intervention for other companies that want to build a sustainable Internet.”
Well done, Apple!


B1 Plus Exam: A Key to Higher Education in Russia
The use of open electronic courses is a relatively new tendency in education and it is not yet fully discovered by researchers. This article examines the specifics of the introduction of online courses, including the requirements to them, as well as factors that slow down their active development. The following methods of investigation were used: analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction. As an example the Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University - Minin University was used. On the basis of the study of the "Regulations on the use of open courses in the educational activities of Minin University", it was noted, in addition to the functions of the coordination group on open education, that for the trainee at the end of the course, in the case of unsatisfactory result, the possibility of the recalculation is established. This possibility is used not by every university. In the article we make a conclusion that open courses are a new qualitative step in the development of world education, but online courses would be much more effective as narrow-minded, adult-oriented, and deeply motivated for learning. Taken as the basis of research, Minin University showed that the university is ready for the implementation of online courses. It is one of the few universities that actively use open courses in Russia.


First of all there is no reward for spotting that I labelled the crest for Derbyshire as the crest for Bristol – I have no idea what came over me! Many apologies. Have now amended it online.
So – to the shield – the background of the shield is called the field and it is usually made of a colour (a tincture) or a metal or a design representing a fur.
- metal – gold (or) and silver (argent)
- colour – red (gules), blue (azure), green (vert), black (sable), purple (purpure)
- fur – ermine, ermines, peon and vair – (I’ll come back to them)
Keeping things straight forward for the time being -we’ll come back to the way the shield is divided up- a charge is then added to the field. This is the shape, object, bird or animal that identifies the shield’s owner. A colour is never put on a metal!
There may be one large charge or several smaller repeated ones.
Popular charges include; crosses, stars, rings, balls, crescents and diamonds. – except of course nothing is as straight forward as that – why call a star a star when you can call it something different!
- Can you identify the following: bezant, mullet, lozenge and annulet
A certain well known online encyclopaedia provides a list of heraldic charges.
Lions are a popular charge!
2) Which countries do these lions belong to?
And finally can you identify these English or Welsh county coats of arms – I’ve selected ones with repeating charges. The Derbyshire coat of arms should be no problem as he represents the fact that Derbyshire was initially founded by the Danes who came on their dragon boats (presumably not all the way to land locked Derbyshire) and there’s also a nod to the county’s mining. And of course its an opportunity to spot lozenges, lions rampant and martlets. How I managed to miss the crests for Lincolnshire and Suffolk I do not know!


The Environment Outreach Unit (EOU) is instrumental in leading public consultations, including formal and informal outreach on environment programmes (climate change, biodiversity and conservation, development control, wastes and pollution control, enforcement of the Environment Act 1999 (as amended 2007), with assistance from the various key technical staff from the different units within ECD.
The key roles of the Environment Outreach Unit includes
1. Facilitate and coordinate visit to local communities and schools(awareness raising on environmental issues);
2. Coordination of national programs to commemorate International Environment Day Highlights such as World Environment Day on 5th of June, International Biodiversity Day on 22nd of May, etc;
3. Coordinate the development of media outlets (media releases and information, Education and Information materials – IEC) for public information and dissemination;
4. Manage the Resource centre to serve for student research and references;
5. Design, undertaken and coordinate public awareness through informal and formal education (curriculum review and community consultations);
6. Facilitate national awareness programs to support Regional Clean Pacific Program;
7. Outreach program to raise the profile of the National Integrated Environment Policy;
8. Release of environmental news targeting church groups on South Tarawa.
9. Facilitate implementation of activities outlined in the ECD Communication and outreach strategy & support implementation of ECD national program;
10. Development of school or environmental fact sheets and awareness materials such as pamphlets, and posters.
11. Coordination of awareness or outreach components of Multi Environmental Agreements (MEAs) projects;


Hypericaceae: St John’s Wort Family
Creeping St John’s Wort – Hypericum anagalloides
A low-growing plant, spread by runners (stolons) and sometimes forming dense mats. Flowers are small and (usually) golden yellow. Leaves are green, sometimes red-tinged, oval to rounded and clasping the stem.
Klamath Weed – Hypericum perforatum subsp. perforatum
Yes – moderate
Open, disturbed areas, many communities
This is an invasive weed which is poisonous to livestock, often found growing in large clumps. Each stem has many (25–100) bright yellow, 5-petaled flowers, which may have a row of tiny black dots along the petal margins. The leaves provide an important diagnostic feature; they appear to be perforated, the result of the presence of many small, clear oil glands. Garden varieties with larger blossoms sometimes escape and naturalize. At first sight the leaves bear a resemblance to French Broom (Genista monspessulana), but the plants are unrelated. Like other Hypericum species, this is sometimes called St. John’s Wort, and has uses in traditional medicine.


One of the most well known artist and filmmaker in America was Andrew Warhol, and The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburg depicts his life, his work, and many of his exhibits. He was a child of immigrants from Slovakia in the late 1920s. The museum is part of a collaboration of the Dia Art Foundation and the Carnegie Institute along with the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts. It's an 88,000 square foot facility and is designed with 17 galleries that feature over 8000 pieces of art and print that over nine million guests view each year. While visiting The Andy Warhol Museum take a look at the various exhibitions, including: - The exhibitions of art, sculptures, photographs, videos, and drawings are the greatest collection of the memorabilia of Andy Warhol. - The museum is host to a variety of traveling exhibits from around the world. Check out the calendar when visiting to find what is currently showing. - A vast number of videos and films are shown in various parts of the museum and they provide a great deal of information about the artist and his life. The museum's theater has productions daily that are interesting and educational. - The Archives Collection contain nearly 500,000 objects including scrapbooks, art supplies, posters, and audio tapes and is considered the greatest single collection in existence of his work. For travelers who always enjoyed the work of this unique artist, The Andy Warhol Museum contains the best collection in the world.
The andy Warhol Museum


Responsible for mapping out and measuring features of the Earth's surface. Establishes land, air, and water boundaries for airports, the creation of legal documents, and for property assessment.
- Plot out maps to establish land, airspace, and water boundaries.
- Write descriptions of land for deeds, leases, and other legal documents.
- Map out airspace for airports.
- Take measurements of construction sites.
- Ascertain boundaries for mineral sites.
- Provide information on the shape, contour, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features.
- Collect data and make calculations.
- Map geographic information using data from surveys and other resources.
- Measure distances, angles, and directions on Earth's surface.
- Pinpoint reference points on surveys.
- Determine precise location of features.
- Use specialized equipment in survey area.
- Research legal records.
- Analyze previous boundaries.
- Determine location for new boundaries.
- Provide expert testimony in court regarding their work for legal cases.
- Record, verify, and analyze results.
- Prepare plots and reports.
- Construct maps.
- Use satellite observations to measure large areas of the earth's surface.
- Mark sites for subsurface explorations.
- Search for places where petroleum might be extracted.
- Survey rivers and other bodies of water to determine shorelines and water depth.
- Use GPS to locate reference points.
- Interpret and check results produced by GPS.
- Take field measurements with survey party.
- Adjust and operate survey instruments.
- Compile notes and make sketches.
- Enter data obtained from surveying instruments into computers.


Image from: https://ravensrambling.myportfolio.com/
Microbes are almost everywhere on earth: they are on your skin, in your gut and in your local pond as well! The mud and water in a pond are home to diverse microbial communities and their composition depends on the nutrients in the environment. Since most microbes are specialised for what they eat and where they grow, you can build your own microbial zoo at home – and you can influence which microbes will grow!
You can create a custom environment for your microbes by building a Winogradsky column, named after Russian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky. The basic ingredients you need are mud and water from your local pond, egg yolk as a sulphur source, shredded paper as a carbon source and a clear bottle. Depending on the source of your mud and water, a colourful array of microbes should grow in different layers of the column. You can vary the experiment by changing the source of the mud (how about a river or the ocean?), change the nutrients (throw in a rusty nail?) or change the environment of the column (why not change the temperature or leave it in a dark place?). The columns start to change after 4 to 8 weeks, make sure to take pictures every week and maybe share them online.
A basic guide can be found here and a more detailed protocol with background can be found here.
For more information and pictures of gorgeous Winogradsky columns, check out this blog post.


06-05-2022 | Empirical Research
Attributions about Peer Victimization in US and Korean Adolescents and Associations with Internalizing Problems
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 10/2022Log in om toegang te krijgen
Although there is cultural variability in how individuals make attributions for their own and others’ behaviors, cultural variation in youth’s attributions about peer victimization and their relation with internalizing problems has gone unexamined. To address this issue, adolescents from the U.S. (n = 292, 60% female, 79.5% White, Mage = 13.6, SD = 0.65) and Korea (n = 462, 50.2% female, Mage = 13.7, SD = 0.58) reported on their peer victimization, depressive symptoms, social anxiety, self-worth, and rated their attributions to vignettes about peer victimization. Multigroup confirmatory analyses found that Korean and American youth conceptualized characterological self-blame, behavioral self-blame, and externalization of blame similarly. However, Korean youth differentially endorsed each of the three types of attributions, while U.S. adolescents endorsed characterological self-blame and behavioral self-blame at similar levels. Attributions had unique relations with internalizing problems (depression, social anxiety, global self-worth) in each culture. In multigroup SEM analyses, characterological self-blame predicted all internalizing problems for U.S. adolescents, while behavioral self-blame was not uniquely related to internalizing problems. For Korean adolescents, behavioral self-blame significantly predicted all internalizing problems, whereas characterological self-blame predicted global self-worth only. The results suggest that attributions about victimization have different adjustment implications in Korea than in the U.S.


In the future, this method is likely to save the lives of millions of people worldwide. This is one of last year's most important achievements in science, according to OSI scientists.
Although there are currently a large number of medicines available around the world to help fight cancer, there are still enough cases where treatment does not help.
“Mortality from cancer remains very high. It is estimated that, on average, about 10 million people die on the planet from cancer per year. Compared with Covid-19, it is five times more. Of course, Covid-19 is half-controlled, but it is impossible to control cancer,” explained Raivis Žalubovskis, representative of OSI.
There are a number of cancer forms that can't be beaten by either surgery or medication.
“We're trying to find new, unique molecules that would help treat cancer,” Žalubovskis said.
Initial tests under laboratory conditions are very promising.
“Maybe it's been heard that the cancer itself is a little sour. If we tried to taste it, the acidity wouldn't be felt, but this very little difference is very substantial. If we change this acidity one way or the other, the cancer will no longer feel good and it will die,” Raivis Žalubovskis explained.
Latvian scientists are engaged in designing special molecules, which are then bound with specific enzymes in cancer cells.
For the time being, studies have been carried out only under laboratory conditions. . If the studies show that everything works in living organisms and does not cause undesirable effects, then ten years later, such new types of drugs will be sold in pharmacies.


It sometimes seems as if our planet has no secrets left – but deep beneath the great Antarctic ice sheet scientists have made an astonishing discovery. They’ve found one of the largest lakes in the world. It’s very existence defies belief. Scientists are desperate to get into the lake because its extreme environment may be home to unique flora and fauna, never seen before, and NASA are excited by what it could teach us about extraterrestrial life. But 4 kilometers of ice stand between the lake and the surface, and breaking this seal without contaminating the most pristine body of water on the planet is possibly one of the greatest challenges science faces in the 21st century.
In 1957 the Russians established a remote base in Antarctica – the Vostok station. It soon became a byword for hardship – dependent on an epic annual 1000km tractor journey from the coast for its supplies. The coldest temperature ever found on Earth (-89°C) was recorded here on the 21st July 1983. It’s an unlikely setting for a lake of liquid water. But in the 1970’s a British team used airborne radar to see beneath the ice, mapping the mountainous land buried by the Antarctic ice sheet. Flying near the Vostok base their radar trace suddenly went flat. They guessed that the flat trace could only be from water. It was the first evidence that the ice could be hiding a great secret.
But 20 years passed before their suspicions were confirmed, when satellites finally revealed that there was an enormous lake under the Vostok base. It is one of the largest lakes in the world – at 10,000 square km it’s about the extent of Lake Ontario, but about twice as deep (500m in places). The theory was that it could only exist because the ice acts like a giant insulating blanket, trapping enough of the earth’s heat to melt the very bottom of the ice sheet.
Tell us what you think


There's a world of information about Amelia Earhart available online so I won't repeat her bio here. But one of the best things I found while researching her was a clip of her talking about the flight I wrote about in "What a Woman Can Do", when she became the first woman to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic.
Here's more on that flight:
"On the morning of May 20, 1932, 34-year-old Earhart set off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland to fly to Paris in her single engine Lockheed Vega 5B to emulate Charles Lindbergh's solo flight five years earlier. After a flight lasting 14 hours, 56 minutes during which she contended with strong northerly winds, icy conditions and mechanical problems, Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland."
Her first flying teacher was Anita "Neta" Snook, and Earhart paid it forward by supporting other female pilots through her involvement with The Ninety-Nines, the now international organization of women in aviation.
Some quotes from her:
"You haven't seen a tree until you've seen its shadow from the sky."
"Women, like men, should try to do the impossible. And when they fail, their failure should be a challenge to others."
"Flying might not be all plain sailing, but the fun of it is worth the price."


As previously discussed on my blog, fluency is a key area of focus this year – particularly in Year 2 and Year 6 – to ensure that our pupils can access the end of key stage reading tests – too much effort spent trying to decode a text means there is little brainpower left to comprehend.
Twinkl have asked me to review their resources, giving me a subscription so I can access their site with ease and pick out things I think are most useful and I came across just the thing to help to develop fluency. All views are my own and I will only recommend using things that will (in my humble opinion) have a positive impact on children’s learning.
I believe that the greatest impact occurs when we to use fluency development strategies little and often (see my previous blog for more details – https://theliteracyleader.com/2017/12/18/fluency-for-comprehension/), but the potential downside of that is the implication for time taken to create or source resources on a regular basis….and that is when I found the super useful 60-second reads on Twinkl.
These are really useful for both measuring fluency, as each text extract is age appropriate, but also for fluency development using choral, cloze, echo or partner reading on a daily basis. As some of the text do come as alternative versions without a word count they lend themselves to fluency development.
They are organised into KS1, LKS2 and UKS2 and are themed – some of the extracts could link to topics for example, Ancient Egypt, Fantasy, WW2….this works particularly well for EAL learners as it gives a context to the vocabulary read.
I have used them as warm-ups in guided reading sessions as they each come with content domain focused questions too. Each content domain also links a to a specific character. These characters can be referred to when questioning at any point across the curriculum, ensuring reading comprehension is taught beyond guided reading or English lessons – remember little and often!!
There are plenty of the 60-second reads to be downloaded and used in a variety of different ways for a variety of abilities – saving an inordinate amount of time in resource prep, allowing you to focus on learning. Make your return to school in January a stress free one!


Today in History, January 15: 1870 –
“A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion” “And Such a Lion! and Such a Jackass!”
Harper’s Weekly cartoonist Thomas Nast publishes a cartoon which popularizes the Jackass as the symbol for the Democrat party.
A German immigrant, Nast is considered by many to be the father of the modern political cartoon. In addition to the Democrat Jackass, he popularized the Republican Elephant and our conception of Santa Claus. I use the term popularize because he wasn’t the first to use any of these symbols, but he made them known to everyone.
The Jack-ass originally became known as a Democrat symbol when someone called President Andrew Jackson a jack-ass, and he decided to “own it.”
Among other things Nast was an abolitionist and a patriot. Which is why Northern Copperheads angered him so. Copperheads were Northern Democrats that were sympathetic to the Confederate (Southern Democrats) cause. Nast considered them racists and traitors.
Edwin M. Stanton had been part of President Lincoln’s “Team of Rivals”, the Secretary of War who prosecuted the Civil War from Washington and had become respectful and loyal to Lincoln. When Stanton died suddenly on Christmas Eve 1869, the Copperhead Papers in the North continued their criticism of him, speaking ill of the dead.
This was the inspiration for Nast’s cartoon.
This isn’t to say Stanton was a lovable character. He angered many in D.C. and in the Army. General William T. Sherman refused to shake his hand at a military review at the close of the war due to Stanton’s treatment of him. Stanton was an opportunist, but he worked hard at his job.


Auteur(s) : Messaoud-Galusi, Souhila; Mcdonall, Kristen Andrew; Jarvie, Wendy; Brinkman, Sally Ann; Vu, Binh Thanh; Macdonald, Kevin Alan David; Tapueluelu, Siosiana; Machuca-Sierra, Myrna
Organisation(s): World Bank
Pages: 47 p.
Serie: Impact Evaluation series
Series Volume: WPS 7944
Identifying cost-effective interventions to improve early literacy is vital to developing countries, given the importance of early literacy for an individual's future education outcomes and subsequent human capital formation. This paper presents the impact on early grade reading outcomes of two low-cost randomized interventions in Tonga: a reading instruction intervention and a community play-based activity intervention. The first intervention aims to improve early grade reading outcomes specifically; estimated impacts are approximately 0.3 standard deviation, although in some reading domains impacts are substantial, ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 standard deviation. The second intervention aims to improve school readiness and subsequently early grade reading outcomes, by providing communities with support to establish a community play-based activity. Using an instrumental variables approach, the play-based activity demonstrates positive impacts of around 0.2 standard deviation in many but not all reading domains. For the domains where a statistically significant impact is measured, the community play-based activity intervention is as at least as cost effective as the reading instruction intervention. The play-based activity intervention is shown to improve test scores by 0.21 to 0.47 standard deviation per US$100, depending on the reading test domain. The reading instruction intervention improves test scores by 0.08 to 0.34 standard deviation per US$100. These findings contribute further evidence on the effectiveness of reading instruction interventions, and possibly the first estimates of the impact of play group–type interventions on primary school reading outcomes.


Children of Cardozo…Tell It Like It Is
Washington DC Public Schools
When Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated, the Cardozo neighborhood in Washington D.C. boiled over into violence and fires that lasted for days. In the weeks and months following, the D.C. Public Schools’ experimental Innovation Team invited elementary school students to document their feelings and experiences as a way of processing the pain and destruction around them.
The nonprofit Education Development Center (EDC), a partner in the school program, produced a series of publications and a traveling exhibit for the Smithsonian Institution, centering the children’s experiences in their own words and images. As Art Director of the EDC, Michael oversaw the exhibit design, relying heavily on what he playfully coined his Sand Boxes, lightweight and interchangeable cardboard boxes with artwork and interpretive text mounted directly on their surfaces. He would use the technique for many exhibitions, including an exhibition of Sister Corita Kent’s graphic poster art.
From the exhibit’s interpretive text:
“These dramatic paintings and statements of the Cardozo area of Washington, D.C., are the result of a courageous invitation from their teachers to ‘tell it like it is.’ Immediate action by the Innovation team of the Model Schools, encouraged by Dr. Robert Coles of Harvard University, stimulated the teachers to try this approach as a constructive way to relieve children’s tensions following the events surrounding the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.”


The nonlinear influence of isolated topography on an equivalent barotropic, quasigeostrophic jet is considered. The flow depends on several dimensional parameters including the mass flux Q, the mean layer thickness H, the planetary potential vorticity gradient β the inertial boundary layer thickness (u0/β)½ and a parameter a – c measuring the north-south potential vorticity difference across the jet. Eastward jets can achieve one of two steady forms, the first supercritical and the second subcritical with respect to upstream propagation of a long potential vorticity wave. An isolated topographic feature such as a ridge can cause the jet to undergo transition from subcritical to supercritical flow and thereby achieve a steady state analogous to hydraulically controlled open channel flow. In a critically-controlled state the values of Q, a-c, H, and (u0/β)½ cannot be specified independently of the topographic parameters and the topography thereby exerts an 'upstream influence' which is felt by the general circulation of the ocean as a whole. Critically-controlled states also experience topographic form drag, whereas noncontrolled states experience none. The form drag is determined by the upstream potential vorticity distribution of the flow and the critical jet width, suggesting that this type of drag might be estimated in practice by a combination of hydrographic data and satellite imagery. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is discussed as a possible example.
Pratt, Larry J.. 1989. "Critical control of zonal jets by bottom topography." Journal of Marine Research 47, (1). https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal_of_marine_research/1924


International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO):
India will start participating in the International Civil Aviation Organisation’s (ICAO) Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA).CORSIA is the first global market-based measure for any sector.
- The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized funding agency of the United Nations.
- It changes the principles and techniques of international air navigation.
- It fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.
- Its headquarters is located in the Quartier International of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- It has 193 Member States.
- India is one of ICAO’s founder members, having attended the Chicago Convention in 1944
- The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation, its infrastructure, flight inspection, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation.
- The Air Navigation Commission (ANC) is the technical body within ICAO.
- ICAO defines the protocols for air accident investigation that are followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation.
- Convention on International Civil Aviation also known as the Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the UN charged with coordinating international air travel.
- The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft registration and safety, security, and sustainability, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel.
- The Convention also contains provisions pertaining to taxation.