Gaobu Campus 高埗校区
On Wednesday 27th November, we held a workshop for parents on assessment in the PYP. In the workshop parents learnt about the different tools and strategies that we use to identify what students know, understand and can do at different stages of the learning process.
We discussed the different ways to measure and record achievement of learning outcomes to ensure there is a progression of learning for each student through the year and from one year to the next. They gained an understanding that assessment is happening in some way every day.
Parents became the students for an assessment task using a rubric to judge the best choc chip cookie. They had to assess the different cookies for size, number of choc chips, texture and of course the fun part – the taste.
Through this task they learnt first-hand how important it is for students to know the criteria before they begin a task to ensure the best possible outcome for each student.
Dongcheng Campus 东城校区
On Thursday 28th November we held a workshop for parents on assessment in the Early Years. Parents learnt about the different ways student learning is monitored and recorded through photos, videos, anecdotal records and samples of student work.
Through an interactive example where parents became both teachers and students they put into practice what they had been learning. The groups had to choose an animal and build a habitat for the animal ensuring it was safe and fed.
Some parents took on the role of teacher, observing and recording the learning that they saw. The other parents were the students who had to discuss how they would design the habitat, chose their materials and build the habitat.
Parents enjoyed the task and came away with a deeper understanding of how we assess in the early years.


From Harford County government:
Harford County Executive David R. Craig has joined hundreds of county employees and their families in getting their annual vaccination against the flu. The vaccination was administered by the Harford County Health Department at the County Council Chambers in Bel Air.
“Flu season is upon us and I join our County Council and Harford County Health Department in urging citizens to take the opportunity to get vaccinated,” stated County Executive Craig. “Vaccination is especially important for people at high risk of serious flu complications,” remarked the county executive.
Each year in the United States more than 200,000 people are hospitalized and nearly 36,000 people die from complications from the flu. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends a yearly seasonal flu vaccine as the first and most important step in protecting against influenza.
County Executive Craig joins health care professionals in recommending vaccination for young children, pregnant women and people with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes or heart and lung disease, as well as those over the age of 65.
In addition to getting an annual vaccination against the flu, everyday preventive actions may also reduce the risk of getting sick. The following recommendations are made to help combat the flu:
• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze.
• Use alcohol-based hand cleaners frequently to help reduce the spread of germs.
• Try to avoid contact if possible with those who are sick.
•If you become ill with flu-like symptoms, stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone so as to limit the potential of making others sick.
•For further information, visit the Center for Disease Control flu website at www.flu.gov.
“Getting an annual vaccination against the influenza virus, following the recommendations from health care professionals and using common sense will help in reducing the spread of the flu,” remarked County Executive Craig.
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December 11, 2017
The PVD Coatings in Medical Industry History
The PVD coating technology has been introduced to the medical device industry since late 1980s, physical vapor deposition (PVD) has become widely used to deposit wear-resistant thin-film coatings on a variety of medical devices, including orthopedic implants, pacemakers, surgical instruments, orthodontic appliances and dental instruments.
The Coating Properties and Applications
The value of PVD technology rests in its ability to modify the surface properties of a device without changing the underlying material properties and biomechanical functionality.
PVD coatings provide a number of benefits to medical devices in addition to hardness and adhesion. The most significant are
Improved wear resistance
Decorative colors & aesthetic
Bone Impolant Moving Components (hips, ankles etc.)
Surgical Tools (Instruments)
Dental Instruments and Brain Implants
Orthopedics, Arthroscopic and Endoscopic Components
Welcome to contact us to discuss the your application possibilities with ROYAL TECHNOLOGY'S engineers.


Gold: It has started wars between countries, been used by ancient Egyptians in hieroglyphs, and helped modern-day astronomers capture images of space through mirrors coated with it. But how much do you really know about the precious metal?
Learn the hard facts about gold while testing your knowledge in the quiz below.
- What is gold’s atomic number?
a) 60, b) 89, c) 79 or d) 24
- What was the nickname for the 40,000 miners who joined the California Gold Rush in 1849?
a) The Golden Boys, b) 49ers, c) Gold Diggers, d) The Gold Pioneers
- How far can one ounce of gold be stretched?
a) 50 miles, b) 70 miles, c) 10 miles, d) 5 miles
- At what temperature does gold melt?
a) 1,064°C, b) 1,050°C, c) 1,948°F, d) 1,050°F
- The largest gold nugget weighed 2316 troy ounces when found at Moliagul in Australia in 1869. What was it called?
a) The Lone Ranger, b) The World’s Most Valuable Paperweight, c) The Retirement Fund, d) Welcome Stranger
- c) 792.
- b) 49ers
- a) 50 miles
- a) 1,064°C and c) 1,948°F (Were you paying attention?)
- c) Welcome Stranger


Riding lessons and ground work
Fun and relaxed riding for the rider as well as for the horse. Not simply being carried. Proper timing and soft aids are in the foreground. A learning from and teaching to each other, a refinement of the communication. At the same time training and caring for the horse's health. Applying consistency and leadershipskills without depriving the horse of its natural freedom. Different ways of working make an animated lesson: Ground work, collar riding, riding with music, bareback riding with various equipment for light riding, leisure riding, classical riding and Western riding.
- For beginners and advanced of all ages
- School horses of different breeds
- Internships for all VFD / VDS training
- Teaching material in the farm library
- Exam preparation VFS and VFD
Furthermore we discover together the beauty of nature. In nice groups with professional guidance. So you come to rest and to yourself.
- Nature Trail
- Trekking in the Sarntal Alps (2 days)
Work on the ground is body language at eye level. Man looks his horse in the eye and deficits are soon discovered. Neglecting the basics renders the handling of the horse tiring if not even dangerous. Movement in any direction and quiet standing should therefore become routine. The "dance" with the four-legged friend is than the top - the freestyle. Safety, refinement and head position are necessary.
- Courses on all topics
- Horsemanship, free dressage and - jump
- Double lunge
- Hoof care & keeping in open stable


I recently asked myself the question: In how many different ways may a chessboard be divided into two parts of the same size and shape by cuts along the lines dividing the squares? The problem soon proved to be both fascinating and bristling with difficulties. I present it in a simplified form, taking a board of smaller dimensions.
It is obvious that a board of four squares can only be so divided in one way—by a straight cut down the centre—because we shall not count reversals and reflections as different. In the case of a board of sixteen squares—four by four—there are just six different ways. I have given all these in the diagram, and the reader will not find any others. Now, take the larger board of thirty-six squares, and try to discover in how many ways it may be cut into two parts of the same size and shape.
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this edition or online at http://www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.


عنوان مقاله [English]
This research has been conducted to achieve the pattern of Islamic-revolutionary values for promoting these values for future generations. It is the applied research based on descriptive-analytical data; both documents and questionnaires were used for data collection. The researcher-made questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection in order to have an access to the viewpoints of elites and experts for validating the pattern. The statistical population consists of experts and professors in the areas of sociology, psychology, educational science, Islamic science and political science that 30 people out of them were selected for the study. The two-stage questionnaire was utilized to have the consensus of the elites. Mean and Freed man tests were used for the analysis of data and ranking the importance of aspects, pattern, indicators and components of the pattern respectively. Based on the results, the pattern of the Islamic- Revolutionary values includes 7 aspects of divine sovereignty, anti-oppression and fighting the enemy, overall independence, supporting the deprived and the poor, religious democracy, freedom and Islamic justice.


Climate change is having a significant impact on the Arctic and will continue to do so in the future. Much of the previous literature has focused on heat and moisture exchange associated with diminished sea ice and increased amounts of open Arctic waters, but overlooked the impact of land areas. Permafrost regions of Eurasia have experienced an increase in active layer thickness over the past century due to this warming climate, according to previous studies. As a result, these soils have been able to absorb and retain more heat during the warm season, leading to a delayed freeze-up and a seasonally redistributed surface energy budget. This has also led to changes in surface hydrology in the region. These factors can play a role in energy transfer into the boundary layer and, on extended time scales, synoptic circulation patterns. However, most previous research on permafrost's impact on climate change has been centered on biogeochemical cycles and carbon feedbacks. A geophysical narrative is important to fully describe the role of frozen ground on the climate, but it can be difficult to separate the influence on atmospheric variables only due to permafrost degradation. In this dissertation, an idealized modeling study was completed to quantify the differences across scales given different permafrost conditions as well as synoptic setups. Moister active layers in continuous permafrost led to decreased surface air temperatures but increased atmospheric instability on short time scales. With confirmation that permafrost degradation does impact land-atmosphere interactions, analysis of a large ensemble of the Community Earth System Model and use of the dynamical adjustment methodology indicated that permafrost influences on the evolution of surface air temperatures were restricted to the autumn as dynamics and internal variability dominated in the spring. Autumn surface-based influence was due to a shift in the partitioning of turbulent surface fluxes in the summer and autumn over the 21st century and subsequent hydrothermal responses at the surface and sub-surface in continuous and discontinuous permafrost, including increased spring snow, soil moisture, and convective precipitation. This novel dissertation shows that permafrost degradation has geophysical implications in climate change which must be considered.


Emerging Areas of Technology, Part 2, Number 1
Technological applications in the tech area of "Universal Translation"
The ultimate goal is to develop "universal translation" software that gleans meaning from phrases in one language and conveys it in any other language, enabling people from different cultures to communicate.
Unlike commercial systems that translate web documents word by word or work only in specific contexts; such as, travel planning the new software does what's called semantic analysis: it extracts the most likely meaning of text or speech, stores it in terms of concepts like actions and needs, and expresses the same idea in another language.
While these prototypes look promising, making them practical will require more testing and programming.
Eventually, universal translation could make business meetings, document research, and surveillance easier, while opening doors to international commerce and tourism.
Number 2, Synthetic Biology is next.
You may return to the Index of Emerging Areas of Technology, Part 2.
Related topics about "technology": Biomimetics: Index; Biopiracy; Emerging Technologies; Geographic Information System (GIS): Index; Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS); Global Positioning System (GPS); Information Tech; Mechatronics; Nanotechnology; RFID; Robotics; Technological Breakthroughs; Technological Innovations; WAAS; Wireless Communications.


Web designing encompasses a variety of disciplines and skills in the creation and management of websites. The various disciplines of web design include web graphic design; user interface (UI) design; content management; authoring, which includes standardized software and proprietary codes; and search engine optimization. You will need to think about how you will reward your employees if they are efficient. It is possible to make your business more attractive and profitable through effective web design and the right use of technological solutions.
When you are starting web designing, you must consider readability. If it is not readable, users will not want to visit your site, and even if they do, there is a chance that they will not stick around for long. You will probably be creating layout designs based on what you read, but you will be missing out on many things if you do not pay attention to readability.
Level of interactivity:
The other factor to consider when you are thinking about web designing is the level of interactivity that you want your site to have. With online courses, you can ensure that you will get more interactivity if you choose to employ designers who have online courses as part of their job descriptions. Many web designers find it very difficult to balance the needs of the website with the needs of the visitor.
Require proper skills and relevant knowledge to create the best web:
It is also important to know that web designing is not something that you can learn in one afternoon or one night. You will need to know how to use various programs and you need to know what these programs look like so that you can create a cohesive website that catches the attention of your readers. You should also be familiar with the latest tools in web design and be able to make the most of these features. The more you know about the web design process, the more likely you will be able to get the results that you are looking for.
Consider the appearance of the website:
Even after you hire a web designer, you are still responsible for the usability and the appearance of your website. This means that you will need to do your research and understand what your customers are looking for. You can use the information that you gather to incorporate what you have learned into the designs of your websites. This way, you can ensure that your users will be satisfied with your websites and that they will find them easy to navigate and to use.


Sometimes things just sneak up on you even when you hope to have an ear to the ground (perhaps it's because they are silent, and then your eyes are so slow, it's hard to see too far into the future). But there's a lecture coming up for free at UC Santa Barbara that's probably worth checking out if you're into the big picture food issues like "where the heck are we going to buy our food?"
Dorceta Taylor, Associate Professor in the School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, will give the talk "Vacant Land and No Supermarkets in the Inner City: Food Insecurity and New Initiatives for Sustainability" on Wednesday April 20 at 12 noon in the UCSB MultiCultural Center Theater.
According to the press info from the Department of Black Studies that's sponsoring the event, "This talk will demonstrate how the growing problems of abandoned housing, vacant land, and deinstutionalization (including the flight of grocery stores) are affecting black neighborhoods. Dr. Taylor will detail the impacts of such processes on the life of cities, the ways cities are trying to cope, and the way that a research agenda can be built around such topics.
"Professor Taylor’s research interests include green jobs and other environmental labor market dynamics; social movement analysis; environmental justice; leisure and natural resource use; urban and rural poverty; and race, gender and ethnic relations. Her current research includes an assessment of the green job sector. Other recent research activities have included four national studies of racial and gender diversity in the environmental field. Her book The Environment and the People in American Cities, 1600s-1900s (2009) won the Outstanding Publication Award from the Environment and Technology Section of the American Sociological Association."
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Difference Between System Software and Utility Programs
Summary: Difference Between System Software and Utility Programs is that System software serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware. A utility program is a type of system software that assists users with controlling or maintaining the operation of a computer, its devices, or its software.
System software serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware. To use application software, such as a word processing program, your computer must be running system software — specifically, an operating system. Three popular personal computer operating systems are Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Each time you start a computer, the operating system is loaded (copied) from the computer’s hard disk into memory. Once the operating system is loaded, it coordinates all the activities of the computer. This includes starting application software and transferring data among input and output devices and memory. While the computer is running, the operating system remains in memory.
A utility program is a type of system software that assists users with controlling or maintaining the operation of a computer, its devices, or its software. Utility programs typically offer features that provide an environment conducive to successful use of application software. For example, utility programs protect a computer against malicious software and unauthorized intrusions, manage files and disks, compress files, play media files, and burn optical discs. One of the more important utility programs protects a computer against malicious software, or malware, which is a program that acts without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alters the computer’s operations. A computer virus is a type of malicious software.
Difference Between Landscaping Software and Mapping Software
Difference Between Application Software and Utility Programs
Difference Between Internet and Cloud Computing
Difference Between Internet Intranet and Extranet
Difference Between Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computer
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When the ISS is complete, it should look something like this.
Click on image for full size
Courtesy of NASA
U.S. is Fed Up with Russia
News story originally written on February 4, 2000
The United States wants Russia to put the service module in orbit! The module is part of the International Space Station. It was supposed to be in space over 2 years ago.
Russia just sent supplies to the Mir Space Station. They say the module will be launched in August. Just in case, the United States is building their own service module.
If the Russians don't launch their module in August, the U.S. will launch their own in December.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main domesticated cereals. For this reason, barley seeds have been found in numerous archaeological sites, and since the mid-19th century have been available in numerous natural museum collections. About a hundred years ago samples were collected in the African countries of Eritrea and Cyrenaica (now Libya), and have been preserved as ex-situ in the museum collection “L’Orientale” of the University of Naples. The varieties of contemporary barley selected for comparative analysis were grown in Tuscany and are used in the production of craft beer. To ascertain their vitality, the ancient and contemporary seeds were placed in Petri dishes to hydrate under a sterile hood at room temperature after a sterilization procedure. Morphological and ultrastructural observations performed on the aleurone cells of the ancient samples presented vital cells. The extraction and purification of DNA from seeds produced results while the genotype comparison of ancient and contemporary barley varieties enabled the construction of a dendrogram of similarity, useful in describing barley from museum genetic heritage collections and in providing a molecular imprint of extant varieties.
Aleurone cells, ancient DNA, dormancy seeds, factory beer, SSR nuclear genomic, ultrastructure


Every year, maintenance and repair expenditures associated with corrosion—a natural process that results in the deterioration of metals—amount to hundreds of billions of dollars. Steel, a common alloy of iron and other elements (mainly carbon) used to make structural and fastening components in buildings, bridges, cars, and many other uses, is susceptible to corrosion. In order to reduce corrosion's safety concerns and maintenance costs, corrosion must be protected against.
Hot-dip galvanizing is one of the best ways to prevent steel corrosion, particularly for fasteners. The manufacturing process for hot dip galvanizing near me, its advantages, associated industry standards, and other factors are described in the sections that follow.
WHY CORROSION OCCURS?
Iron in the steel, oxygen in the air, and water are all involved in an electrochemical process that causes bare steel exposed to the environment to corrode or rust. These components come together to form an electrochemical cell, which generates an electric current as a result of electron and ion flows between two areas known as the cathode and the anode through an electrolyte (for example, an acid, base, or salt dissolved in water) and through the base material (for example, steel).
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Inside a DSLR camera
The dawn of the digital format has revolutionised the imaging industry and in turn the way we work our cameras. Furthermore the internal DNA of the camera body has been entirely restructured to make way for the new electrical system; or has it?
In fact ﬁlm and digital cameras operate in a similar manner. Varying the size of the lens’s diaphragm (aperture) in tandem with the amount of time the shutter is open, focusing light on to the image detection material, the only difference being that this is now received in an electrical rather than chemical form.
A DSLR (digital single-lens reﬂ ex) camera employs a mechanical mirror system that directs the light travelling through the attached lens upwards at a 90 degree angle allowing the photographer to compose the shot through the viewﬁnder. As the shutter button is pressed the exposure takes place: the mirror swings out of the way and the shutter opens allowing the lens to project the light on to the image sensor. In low light scenarios the shutter will need to stay open for a longer period of time for the image to be recorded, this is why photographers support their cameras with tripods as the smallest degree of camera shake will disturb the quality.
The sensor is formed of millions of pixels laid out in thousands of rows and columns: the more pixels or dots of light, the higher the megapixel count and in theory the higher the resolution. The light travels through a colour ﬁlter above the individual sensors and is converted from light waves into an analogue signal which is then processed through a digital convertor. Next the conversion is ﬁne tuned through a series of ﬁlters that adjust aspects such as white balance and colour. The resulting image can be made into a JPEG by compressing the ﬁle size and discarding unnecessary pixels. The ﬁnal image is shown on the LCD.


DESCRIPTIVE TEXT NARRATIVE FOR SMOKE/DUST OBSERVED IN SATELLITE IMAGERY
THROUGH 0245Z June 12, 2006.
Lower Mississippi Valley/Texas: Scattered fires in Hancock and Pearl River counties in southern Mississippi are producing moderately dense plumes of smoke that have combined to form one smoke cloud that covers both of these counties as well as surrounding counties. Smaller fires in Louisianna and eastern Texas are producing light plumes of smoke that are heading in a northern direction. Southwest US: In the last few hours of visible imagery, many fires began to produce dense to very dense plumes of smoke across New Mexico and Arizona. Several of these fires are in eastern New Mexico, specifically in Grant and Catron counties where the fires are producing dense plumes of smoke that are moving to the northeast. In Arizona there are several fires in Coconino county that are producing dense plumes of smoke that are heading north. Also in Mohave county, of northwest Arizona there is a fire producing moderately dense to dense plume of smoke that is moving north and crossing into southern Utah/Nevada. Alaska: The wildfire in Fairbanks North was visible for a brief period and continues to produce a very dense plume of smoke that is moving northeast. Banks


Sun bears are very active animals genetically made to cover large distances, to climb trees, to forage, to dig, to play and fight. They do not hibernate, they sleep no more than 6 to 8 hours a day and have a lot of energy to spend. They are solitary in the wild but if they are friends with another bear they love to play. Sun bears have a fundamental need for large tropical rainforests, they are a highly developed and noble species of the wilderness. When they are locked up alone in a cage and deprived of everything, they are overwhelmed with frustration and stress. It is a daily torture for a sun bear to be confined to a small space.
Most captive sun bears in Indonesia are adult bears who cannot go back to the wild because they are too habituated to humans and because they don’t have the skills to survive in the wild. Unfortunately, many of these sun bears are kept in cages because the organisations caring for them do not have the means to provide them with better living conditions.
At Sun Bear Outreach, we believe that sun bears who cannot go back to the wild deserve the best possible captive life we can give them. Since 2014, we have been collaborating with the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), the Orangutan Foundation International (OFI), the Wildlife Rescue Centre of Jogjakarta (WRC) and with the Cikananga Wildlife Centre (CWC) in Java to improve the wellbeing of the bears in their care: we build large forest enclosures for the bears, improve the existing facilities, allow the bears to enjoy a social life with other bears and train the staff to better care for the them.
For the latest update check our projects for 2021


Designing Effective PowerPoint Presentations – Structure and Text Layout
Content is not the only important component of a presentation. An effective layout provides the backbone of a presentation and helps communicate your message. Read on to find out how to effectively organize your presentation’s structure and text.
A presentation’s content and appearance go hand in hand, one is no more important than the other. Ideally, your presentation should be a seamless blend of concise content, a clear and coherent design, and a well-organized layout. To help you with this, we are going to focus on three important design aspects: structure, text layout and in our next article, color schemes.
Structuring your presentation starts with deciding what information should go on each slide and what images and infographics will best communicate this content. For example, if you want to present your company’s continued growth over a specific period, an upward trend graph would be a good choice. Or if you want to illustrate related business concepts that contrast each other, you could use the same graphic to display both and highlight their correlations. Topics of varying degrees of importance can be visualized with different shapes.
When it comes to the amount of text on a slide, less is more. To keep text to a minimum, try using select keywords to summarize and explain your content. Keep headers short or better yet, replace them with symbols or infographics. Make sure to use a large and easy-to-read font so even those in the back row can follow along. Using a safe font is the best choice. These are pre-installed PowerPoint fonts that are easily recognizable and help to avoid compatibility issues. Some popular choices are Helvetica, Futura, Rockwell, and Gill Sans.
In part 1 of this blog series, we discuss how to choose the right color scheme for your PowerPoint presentations.


Nothing can be more annoying than having to deal with a slow or unresponsive computer. The applications or web pages may take more time to load on your system that usually gets worse over time. You may notice that a single internet page is taking 5 to 10 minutes to load completely. Gradually, your computer may become unresponsive after being running slow for some time.
Maybe that sluggishness is due to your normal activities, such as surfing the internet, running programs, or your hard drive is getting filled up. Let’s find out the common reasons why your computer system might be lagging.
A CPU bottleneck can take place when the processor in a computer system is not so powerful to keep up with the tasks demanded. This may happen if you connect a high-end device or hardware, like a super-fast graphics card with a low-end CPU. Then, the processor will not be able to cope up with the speed of the graphics card and will cause sluggishness. If you are using CPU-dependent software, then this can also be the cause of the bottlenecked CPU. The best remedy to this situation is to replace a low-end processor with the latest version CPU.
Limited Storage Space in Your Hard Drive or Memory
Your hard drive or memory will start underperforming well before they are completely full. Internet downloads, application updates, programs, temporary files, large industry-based files take up your hard drive or memory space. Simply by emptying your computer’s trash you can improve this situation. Additionally, consider storing your large files to the cloud and deleting the unused files.
Computer Infected with a Virus
Although the presence of some computer viruses can be known through pop-ups, encryption of files, or a demand for ransom, there are few viruses that run in the background without being known. These undetected viruses can collect important information and cannot be detected by most of the consumer-grade anti-virus solutions. If you suspect such an issue, contact a professional computer service company immediately and get your systems cleaned out of all viruses. Whatever may be the reason for your computer lagging, you should always have a trusted computer service provider by your side to help you in finding the right solution to your problem.


A workshop for high school-age youth
Teens have a right to honest, accurate information about sex and healthy relationships.
When they have and share accurate sexual health information and knowledge, they help not only themselves, but their friends, their siblings, and our community as a whole.
JustUs is a peer education program of Planned Parenthood Greater Memphis Region, dedicated to providing honest, comprehensive information about sexual health. JustUs educates and empowers teens ages 15-18 to take ownership of their community and serve as knowledgeable leaders for their peers.
After the core training, JustUs leaders will enter a community of educated, engaged, motivated teens working to ensure that their peers have the information and resources to avoid STIs, HIV, and pregnancy. JustUs teens have unique opportunities to work at the local and national level on sexual and reproductive health issues.
JustUs includes training on:
- Comprehensive Sex Education
- Public Speaking and Leadership
- Public Policy
- Community Organizing
JustUs is designed for teens, but supports parents, too. Every parent who signs up a teen for JustUs gets access to an educator during the program to make sure they are prepared.
Educators make sure parents:
- Know what their teens are learning
- Are prepared for questions and comments teens may have
- Are supported in communicating their family values with their teens
To become a JustUs peer educator, teens must be high school aged, must complete a training course, and must have a signed permission slip from a parent or guardian.
To request information about any of our Community Workshops, please complete the online request form.
Para solicitar información acerca de nuestros Talleres Comunitarios, por favor complete el siguiente formulario en línea.
Still have questions about any of our programs?
Contact [email protected].
Just need a quick answer? Check out our database of Health Topics.


Institute:Office of National Coordinator (ONC) Workforce Training Curriculum
Component:Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.
Unit:Delivering Health Care - Part 1
Lecture:Organization of Health Care and the Federal, State, and Local Levels
Slide content:National Institutes of Health (NIH) World s largest source of funding for medical research Funds universities, research institutions, its own laboratories 27 institutes and centers: Diseases Specific patient groups Research issues 19
Slide notes:The medical research arm of the HHS is the National Institutes of Health, or NIH. This is the largest source of medical research funding in the world, promoting scientific discoveries in every U.S. state and abroad. Research is conducted at universities or research centers, and at NIH laboratories on its own campus. The NIH is organized into twenty-seven institutes and centers, many of which focus on diseases or body systems. Some well-known examples are the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Other institutes and centers focus on specific patient groups, such as children and the elderly, for example through the National Institute on Aging. Still other departments focus on specific research issues. 19


This is the third in a three-part series.
After observing time is awarded, the Institute creates a long-range plan. This plan ensures that the diverse collection of observations are scheduled as efficiently as possible. This task is complicated because the telescope cannot be pointed too close to bright objects like the Sun, the Moon, and the sunlit side of Earth. Adding to the difficulty, most astronomical targets can only be seen during certain months of the year; some instruments cannot operate in the high space-radiation areas of Hubble ’s orbit; and the instruments regularly need to be calibrated. These diverse constraints on observations make telescope scheduling a complex optimization problem that Institute staff are continually solving, revising, and improving.”
Preparing for an observation also involves selecting guide stars to stabilize.the telescope’s pointing and center the target in the instrument’s field of view. The selection is done automatically by the Institute’s computers, which choose two stars per pointing from a catalog of almost a billion stars. These guide stars will be precisely positioned within the telescope’s fine guidance sensors, ensuring that the target region and orientation of the sky is observed by the desired instrument.”]
A weekly, short-term schedule is created from the long-range plan. This schedule is translated into detailed instructions for both the telescope and its instruments to perform the observations and calibrations for the week. From this information, daily command loads are then sent from the Institute to NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center to be uplinked to Hubble.
The journey from proposal through selection and scheduling culminates in the email informing astronomers that their data is ready to be accessed. Usually, the process takes more than a year from idea to data—sometimes even longer. Of course, that’s when the real work begins—the analysis of the data and the hard work of uncovering another breakthrough Hubble discovery!
[…] How Hubble Observations Are Scheduled […]
[…] In my last post, I talked about how observations are proposed. In my next post, I will talk about how observations are scheduled. […]


This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.
You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.
For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification. To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.close box
Amorim, D. de S. and E. Rindal. 2007. Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of subfamilies Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Dipter, Bibionomorpha. Zootaxa 1535:1-92.
Jaschhof, M. and R. K. Didham. 2002. Rangomaramidae fam. nov. from New Zealand and implications for the phylogeny of the Sciaroidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Studia Dipt. Suppl. 11.
Oosterbroek, P. and G. Courtney. 1995. Phylogeny of the nematocerous families of Diptera (Insecta). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 115:267-311.
About This Page
Page copyright © 2007
All Rights Reserved.
- First online 29 November 2007
- Content changed 29 November 2007
Citing this page:
Tree of Life Web Project. 2007. Sciaroidea. Version 29 November 2007 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Sciaroidea/111392/2007.11.29 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/


Exploring the roles of hydrologic uncertainty, future flood risk anticipation, and memory in guiding national flood mitigation policies
Flooding risk has been recognized as a societal hazard and documented for centuries, yet nations continue to progress without leveraging the full depth of our global scientific knowledge. Developing countries often exist within deserts of hydrologic and atmospheric data, leading to the growth of nations in the face of high risk uncertainty. Nations, with ample resources, continue to develop infrastructure with a focus on short-term economic gains and often fail to consider the reality of flooding. Land Surface Models (LSMs) are an emerging research tool used by nations for predicting flood hazard across broad regions. LSM grids are most commonly developed for simulation of the atmospheric general circulation, and not necessarily optimized to represent land surface hydrology. Issues of scale result in poor representations of the atmospheric processes which generate extreme precipitation, as well as over-generalization of the physical (e.g. variable source areas) and ecological (plant transpiration) land surface controls on extreme runoff. National strategies for future floods risk mitigation are frequently designed from an imperfect memory of past flooding events rather than robust projections of future hazards. How societal memory and anticipation of future risks influence policy decisions and individual perspectives remains a critical open question in establishing meaningful risk mitigation practices. In this research we aim to determine whether national policies are driven by: a knowledge deficit related to imperfect LSMs, institutional memory of naturally infrequent flood processes and inertia towards short-term economic goals, or anticipation of the future climate projections.


This short road served the property of Donald Munro Matheson and his family, and takes its name from them. Donald, known as Dan, was born in Nova Scotia in 1850 and arrived in New Zealand at the age of nine on the largest and last of the ships carrying settlers for Waipu: the Ellen Lewis. Dan was the youngest of nine children migrating with their parents Kenneth Matheson and Flora McKenzie (two more daughters had stayed behind in Nova Scotia).
The family lived first at Waipu and then at Maunu near Whangarei, before moving in 1867 to Hikurangi where they were the third settler family in the district. They cleared a bush block in Valley Road and ran a dairy farm, and Kenneth also operated a sawmill at Hikurangi.
Dan Matheson lived at Kaimamaku where in 1883 he married Antonie Marie Elizabeth Heyber, whose family came from Breslau in Germany (now Wroclaw in Poland). The couple had 10 children. Two sons served in the First World War: Kenneth Murdoch Matheson was killed in action on the Somme in October 1916, and Donald Munro Matheson was wounded in France but returned safely to New Zealand in 1919 (and lived until he was 94).


On June 23, 1965, Marvin Martin called Houston police to request a welfare check on his aunt and uncle, Fred and Edwina Rogers, with whom he had been unable to get in touch for several days. When officers forced their way into the Montrose home, they found it empty. Noticing food left out in the kitchen, patrolman C. A. Bullock opened the refrigerator, where he discovered the dismembered bodies of the elderly couple. The Rogers' adult son, Charles, who lived in the house, immediately became a person of interest in the investigation. Despite clean-up efforts, blood evidence was found leading to Charles’ bedroom. Charles was never located and was declared dead in 1975. The case remains unsolved.
Police found items believed to have been used in the murder, including a claw hammer, scissors, and a keyhole saw. True crime enthusiasts may be amazed to see the investigators handling these items with their bare hands. Glove-wearing at an active crime scene became standard practice in 1924, to protect law enforcement from biohazardous substances and avoid placing fingerprints. Consideration of cross contamination during evidence collection and processing did not fully materialize until the development of DNA analysis in the 1980s. The attached training films, produced by the Texas Department of Public Safety, reveal how law enforcement conducted an investigation around the time of the Rogers double homicide.


Shrinkage in sand casting
Posted by Vico Casting Export Company Limited at 08/12/2022
As they harden, most metals, including aluminum, copper, zinc, and magnesium, shrink. The degree of shrinkage is determined by the material's freezing range. Aluminium, for example, shrinks by more than 6% during solidification, but copper shrinks by less than 5%.
Solidification happens in sand casting as the molten metal is poured into the mould cavity. To limit shrinkage and eliminate faults, it is critical that this stage of the sand casting process is carried out in a highly regulated way.
Because metals are less dense as liquids than as solids, solidification shrinkage occurs. Risers and chills are employed to combat this issue.
Risers keep molten metal flowing into the casting as it solidifies. They are critical in facilitating directional solidification, which occurs when the metal solidifies at the farthest point first before migrating towards the riser. Using this method, the cavity forms in the riser rather than the casting.
Chills, or metal inserts, are also utilized to help risers. They aid in the equalization of the rate of solidification in the thicker sections of the metal casting.
Pattern maker’s shrinkage
When the casting is cooled to room temperature after solidification, pattern maker's shrinkage occurs. Thermal contraction causes this effect. As a result, a shrinkage tolerance must be built into the design from the start.
To account for this form of shrinkage, the pattern is made larger than the target casting size. The shrinkage allowance varies depending on the metal, but the pattern may need to be 2.5% larger than the original part. Additionally, different portions of the casting may necessitate different allowances. To produce a high-quality finished product, judging these tolerances requires talent and experience.


Bobolinks, Savannah sparrows and eastern meadowlarks enrich our summers with their songs, but some of these species are in decline due to the loss of appropriate grassland habitat.
Landowners can make a difference by altering the times of year they mow fields. The Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department is encouraging landowners to help these beloved species by waiting a little longer to mow to give these birds a chance to complete their nesting season.
“People maintain fields and meadows in Vermont for a variety of reasons, from commercial hayfields and grazing pastures, to simple scenic beauty,” said Doug Morin, biologist for the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. “Mowing is the most common way to maintain grasses, but if mowed early in the summer, grassland birds will lose their nests and chicks."
Bobolinks build nests among the grasses and wildflowers of fields and meadows. When bobolinks are present, other grassland bird species such as Savannah sparrows and grasshopper sparrows, may also be nesting among the grasses. Deer fawns, wild turkey chicks, and other animals take refuge in the grass and are also at risk by mowing too early.
According to Morin, landowners who mow their fields for aesthetic reasons can maintain these fields and accommodate nesting birds simply by cutting later in the summer, preferably after August 1.


The Different Types of Radiation Exposure
Posted by William Kimmell on 10th May 2023
Radiation is energy that matter emits as particles or waves, and radiation exposure can occur naturally or from human-made sources. While some types of radiation exposure do not cause immediate health effects, other types of exposure create serious health risks. Learn about the different types of radiation exposure to better understand the hazards.
Irradiation is the process of exposing an object to radiation. Usually, the term refers to radiation that serves a specific purpose rather than indicating exposure to background radiation.
Irradiation typically uses ionizing radiation, which has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules and leads to the creation of charged particles called ions. Examples of ionizing radiation include X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays.
External exposure happens when all or a part of the body is exposed to radiation from an external source, such as the sun or a radiation generator. During the exposure period, the radiation can pass completely through the body, or the body can absorb it.
Minimize radiation doses by assessing each hazard and wearing the appropriate PPE. Accurate dosimetry and following workplace procedures enhance safety.
Internal radiation is another type of exposure caused by radioactive materials entering the body. Internal exposure can happen through inhalation, absorption through the skin, absorption through a wound, and the intake of radiopharmaceuticals used to diagnose or treat medical problems. Once in the body, radioactive materials will continue to emit radiation until the radioactivity weakens or the body excretes the material.
Incorporation occurs when the body’s cells, tissues, or organs uptake radioactive materials. The radioactive material’s chemical properties affect how it moves through the body. Incorporation can happen after external or internal contamination.
Limit exposure to harmful radiation with a radiation detection device from TG Technical Services. Our specialized monitors include digital and analog detectors. Shop with us today to protect yourself and your personnel with reliable equipment.


Doctors use a combination of cells and bioengineered materials to restore, maintain, improve, or replace damaged tissue. Called tissue engineering, this process of restoring, maintaining, improving, and/or replacing damaged tissues and organs looks to create functional human tissues or organs in a laboratory before they are placed back into the human body.
Tissue engineering uses a combination of three key components: scaffolds, cells, and biomedical materials.
Tissue engineering often begins with a scaffold, which may utilize any of a number of potential materials from naturally occurring proteins to biocompatible synthetic polymers, to provide the structural support for cell attachment and subsequent tissue growth.
Certain tissue engineering therapies may use an existing scaffold by removing cells from a donor organ, a process called decellularization, until only the pre-existing protein-based scaffold or extracellular matrix (ECM) remains. Cells —and in some cases, additional growth factors to encourage the cells to take root— are added, allowing a tissue or organ to develop and grow ex-vivo.
Biomaterials, which include any substance engineered to interact with a patient’s living biological system for a medical purpose, often provide support as the physical structure for engineered tissues.
Researchers have successfully engineered bladders, small arteries, skin grafts, cartilage and a full trachea.
How to Learn More
60 Seconds of Science: What is Tissue Engineering? (2016) – NIBIB Video. “Tissue Engineering, also called Regenerative Medicine, refers to the attempt to create functional human tissue from cells in a laboratory”


‘Prameha’ is a syndrome described in ancient Ayurvedic texts that includes clinical conditions involved in obesity, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. It refers to metabolic disorders caused by ‘Dhatuagni’ dysfunction. In the present scenario, ‘Apathyanimittaja Prameha’ (acquired) is more prevalent than ‘Sahaja Prameha’ (genetic) . According to Ayurveda, ‘Apathyaahara’ and ‘Vihara’ (improper diet and regimen) lead to ‘Dhatuagnimandya’ which results in Prameha. Twenty types of Pramehas are explained in Ayurveda depending on their chronicity. Out of this, 10 are due to ‘Kapha dosha’ (early stage), 6 are due to ‘Pitta dosha’ (acute stage), and 4 are due to ‘Vata dosha’ (chronic stage).
Prameha Vyadhi is treated holistically at Shatamjeeva. According to the chronicity of the condition, we opt for ‘Shodana’ or ‘Shamana’ therapy. Dietary adjustments and yoga are also equally important. External therapies like ‘Udwarthana’ and ‘Takradhara’ along with internal medication like ‘Shilajith’ help to correct the metabolic impairment and lead a healthy life.
MAKE AN APPOINTMENT
Constipation is a very common gastro-intestinal disorder experienced by most people at some point during their lives.
In Ayurveda, hypertension is considered Raktagata Vata. The cause of hypertension is both physical and mental.
Obesity is one of the nutritional disorders that results in increased body weight and fat deposition, in all age groups.


General lighting provides overall illumination. Without general lighting fixtures such as ceiling-mounted light fixtures and lamps, your home would be too dim to see properly in most areas. CFL, incandescent and halogen bulbs are often used for general lighting purposes. Fluorescent bulbs are common in basements and garages.
Track lighting and wall-mounted fixtures are both examples of accent lighting. Accent lighting is used to create a focal point. When this type of spot lighting illuminates a painting, plant or artwork, it is considered accent lighting. Accent lighting is traditionally three times brighter than general lighting. Choose LED, CFL or incandescent bulbs for accent lighting.
Used for reading or other detail-oriented tasks, task lighting reduces shadows and glare. Task lighting helps prevent eyestrain and is often provided by a table lamp, floor lamp or recessed lighting. Choose CFL or incandescent light bulbs for task lighting.
Chandeliers are often mounted to the ceiling for general lighting in a dining room or foyer. They may also be used as accent lighting over a piano or seated area in a room without general lighting. Chandeliers are generally considered stylish and upscale. Pendant lighting, which is more common, can serve two purposes: general and task lighting. Pendants are mounted to the ceiling and often extend down over a table or workspace. The light is diffused with a globe or shade, and the light fixture may attach to a dimmer switch for variable lighting output. Portable lamps can be used for any type of lighting since they are not mounted. A tall halogen lamp can provide general lighting to a room, while a table lamp can accent small items on a table.
Dimmer switches adjust the level of light being put out by the fixture. Adjusting a dimmer allows for a measure of control; it can add mood to a room or allow for multiple lighting fixtures to be used at once without flooding the room with too much light. Using light bulbs at a percentage of their full capacity also extends the life of the bulb.


Michael Chabon explores the artistry and acumen of Will Eisner in the essay, ‘Thoughts on the Death of Will Eisner’ from his book, Maps and Legends. Chabon attributes Eisner’s wildly successful career as a comic book creator to not only his talent as an illustrator, but his skill as a businessman. The dichotomy that artists must choose to either be righteous and starving, or a shameful sellout is discussed.
Sometimes it’s hard, trying to make art you know you can sell without feeling you are selling it out. And then sometimes it’s hard to sell the art you have made honestly without regard to whether or not anyone will ever want to buy it. You hope to spend your life doing what you love and need and have been fitted by nature or God or your protein-package to do: write, draw, sing, tell stories. But you have to eat. Will Eisner knew that. (p. 143)
As an aspiring artist, I wonder about my future. This passage leads me to wonder; do artists make art for themselves or for others? Personally, I make art that I like without much considerations to what anyone else thinks. But when I am older, if I want to survive as an artist, I realize I will need patrons. Will this affect the art I create? In society, the role artists play is to initiate new perspectives and spark reflection on who we are. Art is the impetus to contemplate divergent views. If artists are simply creating what people want to see, then art is not serving its purpose.


When oxygen first developed on earth, it wiped out nearly 99% of all life….. Yup this is true (according to our current knowledge and proof). This is known as “The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE)”- this is also known as Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation.
According to Geological, isotopic, and chemical indication this major environmental change occurred around 2.3 billion years ago.
Cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth some 200 million years before the Great Oxygenation Event, initiated generating oxygen by photosynthesis. Before the GOE, any free oxygen they created was chemically seized by dissolved iron or organic matter.
The GOE was the certain point when these oxygen basins turn out to be saturated and could not capture all of the oxygen that was formed by cyanobacterial photosynthesis. After the The Great Oxygenation Event, the additional free oxygen started to gather in the atmosphere.
Free oxygen is poisonous to obligate anaerobic creatures, and the growing concentrations may have wiped out maximum of the Earth’s anaerobic inhabitants at the time. Cyanobacteria were thus accountable for one of the most important extinction events in Earth’s history.


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Published byHannah Skinner Modified over 7 years ago
1. Handouts: * New Independent Reading Charts 2. Homework: * Read an AR book daily and record progress on chart * Have a SUPER week! 3. Assignments Due: None 4. A challenge: Years ago, one of my classes at SCAPA temporarily lost the opportunity for ongoing Treasure Chest drawings. It happened after the very first drawing. But fortunately, they figured out what was so offensive and took steps to correct the problem. Can you guess why they almost didn’t get any more Treasure Chest drawings?
Outcomes: 1. Define these lit terms: Historical fiction, credible characters, anthropomorphism, imagery, foreshadowing, simile, inference, idiom, figurative language, text features, theme, moral, predict. 2. Define these power verbs: Demonstrate, define, identify, distinguish, analyze, evaluate, explain, summarize, examine, state. 3. Apply your knowledge by identifying examples of the following within a given text: anthropomorphism, imagery, foreshadowing, simile, inference. 4. Demonstrate your ability to follow directions and adhere to testing procedures.
Prepare for today’s test: 1) Take everything off from your desk, except for a pen. 2) Place your AR book under your chair. 3) If you don’t have an AR book, borrow one from Mrs. D now. 4) Remain seated and maintain zero voice the entire period. 5) When you finish, check your work. Then place the answer key under the test on your desk. 6) With Mrs. D’s approval, you may do one of the following: * Read your AR book. * Read a book from the Cove (please return it to the same shelf). * Take an AR test in the computer mini-lab (must have 10 minutes available and a lab TA must be available to monitor you).
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Our Education focus area aims to improve the quality of learning facilities, provide access to education for the poor, and offer leadership and job shadowing opportunities.
We have projects running in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Botswana that focus on addressing challenges that include unemployment, food scarcity, poor education and health care infrastructure, low school attendance and dropouts due to financial constraints, wildlife poaching, and preserving natural resources.
We implement various projects in schools which include improving infrastructure, feeding programs, and scholarships. The installation of boreholes, solar power, and ablution facilities helps to create a safe and fully functional learning facility for students. Our feeding programs provide meals to learners who come to school hungry. This is helping their nutrition and, assists them to concentrate and focus at school. Our scholarships are paying for school fees for learners in financial need.
Our aim is to provide equal educational opportunities. By improving school facilities, the environment is conducive for learning and contributes to learners completing school, finding employment opportunities, and breaking the cycle of poverty. Funds raised go towards supporting projects which include: safari guides training, educational scholarships for grade 7 and 9 learners at Mangwara school and infrastructure development that improves classroom solar power and ablution facilities
Support this important cause by creating a personalized fundraising page.Start a Fundraiser


Does Coffee Mold?
Every coffee-lover worries their beloved beverage might grow mold, but what’s the truth behind it? Can coffee really get moldy? Let’s find out.
What is Mold?
Mold is a type of fungus that grows in damp, warm, and dark environments. When it finds the right conditions, it can grow quickly and spread to other areas producing a large amount of microscopic spores that typically cause an allergic reaction in humans.
Does Coffee Mold?
The answer is yes, coffee can get moldy if it is stored in the wrong conditions. Coffee is naturally a dry substance, so it won’t grow mold itself, but if exposed to the right environment, mold can thrive on coffee grounds and contaminate it.
What Conditions are Needed for Mold to Grow?
Mold needs three key ingredients for growth: humidity, warmth, and darkness. If any of these are missing, mold won’t grow, even if the coffee is stored in damp conditions. Additionally, mold spores need oxygen to survive, so if the coffee beans or grounds are vacuum-sealed, mold won’t be able to grow.
How to Prevent Mold Growth on Coffee?
If you want to ensure your coffee stays fresh and mold-free, there are some simple steps you can take:
- Store your coffee in an airtight container: A tightly sealed container will keep the oxygen out and prevent mold from growing.
- Keep it in a cool, dry place: A refrigerator or freezer is the best place to store coffee and keep it away from moisture and heat.
- Use it within a few months: Coffee is more volatile than tea, so it should be consumed within a few months of opening the package, or ground and brewed within 3 days.
Though coffee beans and grounds are naturally dry, they can still grow mold if the right environment is present. However, following the proper storage and usage guidelines can help ensure your coffee is mold-free and stays fresh.


If you want to point one folder to another directory, for example to define root directory for your website you can create symlink.
Let's take an example, we have a Laravel application and we want to point our web server
www folder to
laravel/public folder. So, every time when user opens our homepage it will end up in Laravel public folder.
1. create Laravel app folder, open terminal go to your directory and run this:
mk dir laravel-app
Place your Laravel files inside of that folder
2. Usually public_html folder is pointing to your website root directory, but in same cases this directory can be named www. So, let's remove public_html or rename public_html directory on your server:
// rename directory mv public_html public_html_ // rename public_html to public_html_ // or remove rm -r public_html // remove public_html completely
3. create symlink to point from
ln -s /home/app/laravel-app/public public_html // ln -s PATH_TO_NEW_DIRECTORY SYMLINK_NAME
symlink is created, and now you can double check it by entering command
ll in terminal
ll // output should be somtehing like: public_html -> /home/app/laravel-app/public
And that's all folks 🐇


Nouns referring to countries and their people
To refer to a nation and its people, we need to know four words:
1. The name of the country
Examples: France, Germany, India, Europe, Asia
2. The adjective used to refer to that country
Examples: French, German, Indian, European, Asian
3. The singular noun used for a person from the country
Examples: a Frenchman / woman, a German, an Indian, a European, an Asian
4. The plural expression used for the population as a whole
Examples: the French, the Germans, the Indians, the Europeans, the Asians
All words of this kind begin with a capital letter.
British history (NOT british history)
The name of the national language is often the same as the adjective used to refer to that nation.
French is easy to learn.
Can you speak Chinese?
Usually the noun used to refer to a person from the country is the same as the adjective used to refer to that country. Examples are: Indian, Chinese, Japanese etc.
Some common examples are given below.
|America||American||An American||The Americans|
|Brazil||Brazilian||A Brazilian||The Brazilians|
|Europe||European||A European||The Europeans|
|Italy||Italian||An Italian||The Italians|
|Norway||Norwegian||A Norwegian||The Norwegians|
|Greece||Greek||A Greek||The Greek|
|China||Chinese||A Chinese||The Chinese|
|Japan||Japanese||A Japanese||The Japanese|


Reducing impacts on sustainable landscapes through weeds and pests activities
Case study type
1 October 2013
30 June 2016
This project aims to reduce impacts on sustainable landscapes through weed and pest management.
Last updated: 16 May 2015
This page should be cited as:
Department of Environment and Science, Queensland (2015) Reducing impacts on sustainable landscapes through weeds and pests activities, WetlandInfo website, accessed 13 April 2023. Available at: https://wetlandinfo.des.qld.gov.au/wetlands/resources/tools/wetland-project/reducing-impacts-on-sustainable-landscapes-through-weeds-and-pests-activities-eefd/


Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2013 May 31
Explanation: The Eagle Nebula and the Swan Nebula span this broad starscape, a telescopic view of the Sagittarius spiral arm toward the center of our Milky Way galaxy. The Eagle, also known as M16, is left, above center, and the Swan, or M17 at the lower right. The deep, wide-field image shows the cosmic clouds as brighter regions of active star-formation. They lie along the spiral arm suffused with reddish emission charactistic of atomic hydrogen gas, and dusty dark nebulae. In fact, the center of both nebulae are locations of well-known close-up images of star formation from the Hubble Space Telescope. M17, also called the Omega Nebula, is about 5500 light-years away, while M16 is some 6500 light-years distant. In the frame that covers 3 degrees across the sky, the extended wings of the Eagle Nebula are spread over 120 light-years.
Authors & editors:
Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.


Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD, also known as embryo selection), gives couples with a genetic predisposition for breast cancer and ovarian cancer the opportunity to have a child without this predisposition. PGD for hereditary cancer was legalised in the Netherlands in 2008. Since then, hereditary breast cancer has been one of the most common indications of PGD. Research has shown that PGD for hereditary breast cancer is both successful and safe. Couples who undergo PGD for hereditary breast cancer have the same chance of becoming pregnant as couples who opt for PGD for a different reason. Women with a genetic predisposition for these conditions do not have a reduced egg cell count that may compromise the success rate of PGD. The IVF procedure required for PGD is safe for these women, meaning IVF does not pose an additional risk for developing breast cancer. Nevertheless, PGD remains a difficult choice for many couples. A digital decision-making tool is currently being developed to support this process.
|Award date||17 Jan 2018|
|Place of Publication||Maastricht|
|Publication status||Published - 2018|
- preimplantation genetic diagnosis
- embryo selection
- hereditary breast cancer and ovarian cancer
- BRCA mutations


Many US veterans who joined the armed forces to serve their country returned from conflicts disillusioned and mentally-scarred. At least 20% suffer from PTSD, often aggravated by substance abuse accompanied by depression. The VA’s answer seems to be opioids, which leave many feeling lobotomized.
Despite the $166 billion allotted for veterans benefits in 2016, the Department of Veterans Affairs is plagued by backlogs and mismanagement. Post-traumatic stress disorder is among the most common afflictions VA facilities treat – more than 500,000 cases in 2013 – and prescriptions of opiates for vets has risen more than 200% in the last 15 years. Meanwhile, the opiate overdose death rate among VA patients is almost twice the national average and 22 US veterans take their own lives every day.
US veterans make up about 11% of the homeless population. Though progress has been made, HUD estimated there were about 40,000 homeless veteransin January 2016, of which 13,000 were living in the streets. Difficulties in finding affordable housing and a living wage are largely to blame, as well as substance abuse and the effects of PTSD, compounded by a lack of family and social support networks.
More than 40 years on, many US veterans that returned from Vietnam continue to be afflicted by physical and mental scars. In 2013, more than half of Vietnam veterans reported musculoskeletal conditions and nearly a third had circulatory or nervous system diseases. Moreover, 26% were still affected by PTSD, of whom 75% reported substance abuse, and 37% suffered from major depression. Readjustment problems, such as occupational instability, marital conflicts, and family issues, were also common.
Jobs for Veterans
On returning from conflicts abroad, some US veterans have problems adjusting to civilian life and finding work. The lingering effects of PTSD and physical disabilities can be a barrier to employment and vets sometimes find their military skills do not transfer well to the civilian workplace. Consequently, the unemployment rate for vets is higher than for the general population. Jobs for veterans are often found in the IT, security, and healthcare fields, as well as HR and operations management.
For a more in depth look at how jobs for Veterans can sometimes help them heal the scars of conflict, check out US Veterans: Not Forgotten.


Hardly any sea turtles washed back after Dorian, population likely OK despite erosion
Despite numerous sightings of sea turtle eggs and exposed nests on Brevard's beaches from Sebastian Inlet to Cocoa Beach, Hurricane Dorian is not expected to have left a serious impact on the sea turtle population.
So far the offshore breeze following Dorian appears to have played favorably for hatchlings and post-hatchling turtles, said The Sea Turtle Preservation Society's chairperson Roger Pszonowsky.
"We're not seeing any sargassum seaweed on the beach," he said, explaining that most often following a storm the baby turtles get washed back with the seaweed that they latch on to following their first swim out to sea.
"We'll just look at the beach (and see) how many people are walking in the door with turtles to get an idea because if more people are walking in with turtles, the more likely they're out there," he said. So far just one turtle has been brought to their office.
"There's no major seaweed out there," he added.
Pszonowsky said it is unlikely the society will need to deploy their team of trained volunteers, knows as the Sea Turtle Emergency Response Program (STERP), to scour Brevard's beaches.
Regardless, if residents find a turtle on the beach, they should dial the society's hotline: 321-206-0646.
While exposed nests might be a jarring sight, Pszonowsky said there's really not much to be done, and that birds and other critters feeding on sea turtle eggs is part of the natural cycle and ought to be respected.
While an accurate picture of Dorian's impact on the population will become clear in the following days and weeks as data is collected through nest surveys, Pszonowsky notes that it's been a "banner year" for nests, and that overall the population will more than likely not be adversely affected by the storm.
"They've been around for millions of years, they've got it all figured out," he said.
As a reminder, The Sea Turtle Preservation Society's hotline is 321-206-0646.
Alessandro Marazzi Sassoon is a watchdog reporter at FLORIDA TODAY. Contact him at 321-355-8144 or email@example.com. Twitter: @alemzs


- noun , class(9)
- dialects/origins: Karanga, Korekore, Manyika, Zezuru
- English translation
- A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; – called also Cape elk.
|mhofu iyi||this eland|
|mhofu iyo||that eland|
|mhofu yangu||my eland|
|mhofu yako||your eland (singular)|
|mhofu yenyu||your eland (plural)|
|mhofu yake||his/her eland|
|mhofu yedu||our eland|
|mhofu yacho||its eland|
|mhofu yavo||their eland|
last updated: Tuesday, March 24, 2020 at 10:54:15 PM Central European Standard Time
Shona word of the day
Dzafura churu chimwe, dzava nzivani.


Caste by Isabel Wilkerson
- read Apr 2022
- rated good
This was an eye-opening book about the causes and persistent, deep effects of racial division in the United States. Wilkerson clearly demonstrates the harmful effects of not just overt racism but of the unconscious bias that comes from growing up in a society which continues to teach us, whether consciously or unconsciously, that white people are superior to those of other races. I feel that I’ve gained a new level of understanding from this book that will help me treat others more equally.
I found the comparison between Nazi Germany and pre-1960s USA particularly troubling, not because it was inaccurate – both countries forced their fellow humans to work under inhumane conditions, tore them from their families, and brutally punished them for even the slightest deviation from their assigned role – but because it highlighted the way that the United States has failed to truly distance itself from its horrific past. Germans view the Nazi era as a terrible part of their history, and they seek to remember its gruesome details to ensure that it is never repeated. In the United States, on the other hand, we acknowledge the brutality of slavery and the Jim Crow era but shy away from the uncomfortable, necessary job of understanding what it was truly like and how it came to be. As a result, we have been unable to eliminate our racial struggles.
I was a little disappointed that Wilkerson focused very little on how to eliminate caste and its negative effects. However, I think that her exploration of the history of caste in the United States and its continuing effects is an important first step towards improving the situation.
[This page was last updated on April 30, 2022.]


Civil rights attorney serving San Diego. Get in touch with The Law Office of Matthew H. Storey to discuss how we can help you with your civil rights claim.
At first glance, it may not appear as if special education law issues fall under the umbrella of the traditional civil rights laws that most people are familiar with. But in taking a more in-depth look at our civil rights laws and how they impact the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), it becomes easy to understand why the rights of students with disabilities are protected as part of our civil rights laws.
Most people have a basic understanding that civil rights laws are in effect to protect against discrimination, in general. The common core factor that brings the IDEA within the purview of our civil rights laws is the IDEA’s foundational protection against any discrimination that is aimed at disabled children and their right to receive an education.
As San Diego civil rights attorneys, we are dedicated to using the protections granted by the IDEA to protect the civil rights of all children with disabilities.
Children in the United States are guaranteed a free and appropriate public education. Whether a child is disabled or not, does not factor into their right to be properly and appropriately educated.
The law that protects the right of a disabled child to be educated, alongside their typical peers, is based in preventing decimation against our special needs’ children within their educational environment.
Therefore, it is our job as San Diego civil rights attorneys to take the time to review the manner in which the special needs children in our community are educated.
The IDEA provides for various protections and accommodations so that children with disabilities can be included with their typical peers, to the greatest extent possible, during their school day.
These protections include a disabled child’s equal right to a free and appropriate public education. If we take these words one at a time we can see how these civil rights are imperative to all children, particularly our disabled children.
Click here to know more about san diego civil rights attorneys.


Re: US Consumer Prices Flat in January, but Offer Glimmer of Inflation
This quote from Ms. Davidson’s article perfectly illustrates the fallacy that higher prices are desirable:
”Broad-based price growth is signalling that the wage and price pressures are building, an indication that the economy is expanding at a solid pace and that recessionary concerns are overdone,” PNC economist Gus Faucher said.
Higher prices are the result of a combination of two factors, both of which are undesirable–lower output or an increase in the money supply which causes an increase in spending. The following simple formula of Professor George Reisman can be found on page 505 of his magnum opus Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics.
P = Dc/Sc
P is the general level of consumers’ goods prices, in the sense of the weighted average of the prices at which consumers’ goods are actually sold. Dc is the aggregate demand for consumers’ goods. as manifested in a definite total expenditure of money to buy consumers’ goods, and Sc is the aggregate supply of consumers’ goods, as manifested in a definite quantity of consumers’ goods produced and sold.
As further explained by Professor Reisman, “An expanding quantity of money operates to raise the general price level by virtue of raising aggregate demand relative to aggregate supply.”
In other words, the Federal Reserve Bank’s policy of printing more money causes aggregate demand to rise, but the rise in prices does not mean that more goods and services are being produced. It most probably means that more money is chasing the same or even smaller quantity of goods. In fact an increase in the quantity of money causes dislocations and disequilibrium in the structure of production, which causes the supply of consumers’ goods to fall.
Therefore, an increase in prices, which is commonly called “inflation”, is nothing to be desired by the general public.


A study performed at the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, and published in a recent issue of Global Advances in Health and Medicine City, offers exciting news for people suffering from Scoliosis. Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine that affects millions of people in the United States. This affliction is often painful and can be severely debilitating.
This recent study identifies a new treatment for the condition that would be both effective and cost effective. The study identifies a very old treatment for the condition, as it recommends a classic Yoga pose to treat the condition. This pose, the Side Plank, reduced spinal curvature by as much as fifty percent in those who performed it every day.
There is cause to celebrate whenever an inexpensive, effective treatment can be found for any condition. There is particularly good reason to celebrate when the condition being treated affects so many people, as many as six million according to some estimates. This means fewer Americans have the potential to suffer:
- diminished respiratory function
- diminished ability to participate in sports and other activities
- pain, ranging from moderate to severe
- body image issues associated with the physical presentation of Scoliosis
- surgical intervention
There was one unfortunate caveat to this research. The individuals with the best results were in their teens and early twenties. Scoliosis remains sadly undiagnosed for many individuals until they are much older, by which time much of the potential progress from this treatment will have been lost forever. Individuals will have to turn to more expensive forms of therapy. If you or a loved one suffers from scoliosis and doctors failed to make a prompt diagnosis, please contact an attorney to help you get the compensation you need to afford the treatment that will provide the greatest likelihood of success.


Angelman Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, characteristics that include developmental delays, intellectual disability, and speech impairments. Angelman syndrome generally go unnoticed until the age of 1 year. Children typically have a happy demeanor and have a fascination with water
short attention span
feeding problems during infancy
sensitivity to heat
attraction to water
Angelman Syndrome is a rare disorder and affects 1 in 12,000 to 20,000 a year. Equally to less than 200,000 case a year. Affects all ethnicities and sexes equally.
Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system. Characteristics include developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, short attention span, hyperactivity, hand flapping and speech impairments. It is a rare disorder that affects 1 in 12,000 to 20,000 a year. there are less than 200,000 cases a year and affects all ethnicities and sexes equally.
Typically, there is a severe developmental delay and learning disability as well as near absence of speech and ataxia including ataxia including jerky movements of the arms and legs. People with Angelman syndrome generally have a happy demeanor and an inappropriate laughter.
Life expectancy appears to be normal. As people with Angelman syndrome age, scoliosis tends to worsen and for many people born with epilepsy, there are cases where seizures stop, however, they tend to return as the person gets older.
Due to cognitive and medical needs, a person with Angelman syndrome will always require support. Most people with Angelman syndrome attend a day habilitation setting. Support should include
staff trained on identifying seizures and providing assistance
programs that support the person’s short attention span
evaluation for a communication device or a means to communicate
support for self-injurious behavior
The following are resources and articles on Angelman syndrome and adulthood


Series of 1912-14 7¢ Washington
Issue Date: April 29, 1914
Quantity: 5,000,000 (estimated)
Printed by: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Method: Flat plate
Watermark: Single line
A new 7¢ denomination picturing George Washington was added to the Series of 1912-14. The 1¢ denomination also featured Washington, rather than Franklin. To avoid confusion among postal clerks, Franklin was pictured on all values of 8¢ and above.
When the dies for the new series were prepared, all of them had the denominations in words and not numerals. It was pointed out, after the 1¢ and 2¢ stamps had already been issued, that this format did not conform to the Universal Postal Union’s regulations. According to their standards, the denominations were to be in numerals so they could be understood in any language. The printings for the 3¢ through $1 were held up and the plates changed to comply with U.P.U.’s guidelines. Since the one- and two-cent stamps had been released, the decision was made not to change the plates. In 1912, the denominations were finally switched to numerals.
During the years these stamps were produced, the Bureau of Printing and Engraving changed the watermarks, varied the perforations, and experimented with different types of paper. Imperforate stamps, as well as coils and booklets, were also released. The result was the printing of 175 major varieties. Although these stamps look remarkably similar, there are notable philatelic differences. The Postal Department did not regard these differences as significant, and as late as 1925, postal reports listed some issues as “Series 1908.”


If you're like me, and switch a lot between different projects, you've most likely run across problems with Node.js versions when building the frontend.
That's a problem we can solve rather easily with NVM.
But first things first, what is NVM?
NVM (Node Version Manager) is a tool for installing and managing different Node versions. All you need to do is install NVM and the versions of Node you need.
How to install and use NVM on Windows
Download the latest version of NVM (nvm-setup.zip) from Github.
Now, extract and install using the .exe file. It's easy!
For installing on Linux and MacOS I would refer to the readme found on GitHub.
Now that we have NVM installed we can start using it in our terminal of choice.
The commands I use the most:
Lists the installed versions of node. The selected version is shown with '*'
nvm list available
Shows a list of available Node versions to download
nvm install <version>
This command lets you install different Node versions. To download the latest version just use: nvm install latest.
nvm use <version>
Specify what version of Node to use.
And if you want to see a list of all the commands available just enter NVM in cmd to list them all:
Now if you're a .net developer like me and use Visual Studio daily, there can sometimes be an issue with Visual Studio not using the Node version specified by NVM.
The fix I found that works for me:
In Visual Studio, go to Tools -> Options -> search for 'external web tools' in the searchbar.
As shown in the image add the path to the folder where Node.js is installed to the top of the list. Usually this is C:\Program Files\nodejs
Most likely it will work now.


Manufacturing automation product manufacturer refers to the use of advanced technology and systems to automate manufacturing processes. It involves the use of robotics, computerized systems, and other automated equipment to perform tasks that were previously done manually by humans. The primary objective of manufacturing automation is to increase efficiency, reduce labor costs, and improve product quality by minimizing human error and variability.
One of the significant benefits of manufacturing automation is increased productivity. Automated systems can operate 24/7 without requiring breaks, leading to increased output and faster production times. This can be especially advantageous for high-volume production runs, where the enhanced efficiency can result in significant cost savings.
Another advantage of manufacturing automation is improved quality control. Automated systems can perform tasks with greater accuracy and consistency than human workers, resulting in fewer defects and higher-quality products. This can lead to increased customer satisfaction and reduced product returns.
However, implementing manufacturing automation can be expensive and require a significant investment in equipment, software, and training. Additionally, some jobs traditionally performed by humans may be replaced by automated systems, leading to job displacement and the need for retraining or reskilling.
Despite these challenges, manufacturing automation is becoming increasingly prevalent as companies seek to remain competitive in an ever-changing market. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that manufacturing automation will become even more sophisticated, leading to further improvements in efficiency and product quality.


The focus of technology use in Salisbury Township School District is to prepare students for their future, a world of digital technology and information. An atmosphere that provides students with immediate access to online and local network resources is essential to survival in the 21st century. Research indicates that students who have access to technology on a regular basis show a significant improvement in their learning skills over students who do not have regular access.
With this in mind, Salisbury Township School District launched Teaching & Learning 2020 (TL2020) in the 2014-15 school year. This initiative, the logical next step in bringing our Learning Beliefs to reality, provided a personal laptop computer to all students grades 2-12 and an iPad for students grades K-1. Over the past several years, our staff members have been engaged in professional development with digital learning tools and instructional strategies, and have been transforming lesson delivery to better reach every learner in the most effective manner. We are beginning to see improved learning outcomes through the use of technology in teaching and learning.
Students live in an on-demand, technology dependent world. They learn and approach schoolwork differently than students did even a few years ago. These changes, driven by technology, significantly impact learning. As we move deeper into the 21st century, excellence in education requires that technology be seamlessly integrated throughout the educational program. Increasing access to opportunities through technology is essential for that future.


Today, Felix and his friends had traveled back in time. They were now traveling around the Arctic Ocean on board the Chinese icebreaker ship, Xue Long. They were in the year 2017. The Mysticals were accompanying a group of researchers.
It was cold, it was very cold but Felix’s resolve was steely. He wanted to see how brown carbon was contributing to global warming, especially in the icy Arctic region.
“Why are we here?” said Scorch.
“The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the Earth, causing it to melt,” started Felix, “Black carbon refers to the snooty particles released from diesel engines, coal burning, and so on. These particles are the second largest contributor to global warming and their impact on the Arctic has been well-studied.
But scientists are yet to study brown carbon particles which are released on the burning of trees and vegetation, and to a lesser extent, fossil fuels. It’s a less dense substance. Earlier, scientists believed it caused only 3% of the warming but they then found out that the damage was more extensive.”
“Oh, I see,” said Scorch.
“Felix, the quantity of these particles in the atmosphere must have also risen, hasn’t it?” said Verum.
“How so?” quizzed Orak.
“Wildfires,” replied Felix, “In the past 10 years, the world has seen raging wildfires in the United States (US), Australia, Serbia, Portugal, India, Brazil, and more. These wildfires release a lot of brown particles into the air. The smoke negatively affects human health, and the carbon emissions from these fires are dangerous for the environment.”
“Aha! That’s how they are leading to the melting of ice in the Arctic,” said Orak.
“And the scary bit is that scientists claim wildfires will increase by up to 50% by 2050,” added Felix, “And so will the melting of ice in the Arctic.”


“[Depleted uranium tipped missiles] fit the description of a dirty bomb in every way… I would say that it is the perfect weapon for killing lots of people.” – Marion Falk, chemical physicist (retd), Lawrence Livermore Lab, California, USA
In the first 24 hours of the Libyan attack, US B-2s dropped forty-five 2,000-pound bombs. We do not know if these massive bombs, along with the Cruise missiles launched from British and French planes and ships, contained depleted uranium (DU) warheads. But if past evidence of their deployment by the US and British military is any guide, they may well be part of the bombardment Libya is now experiencing.
DU is the waste product from the process of enriching uranium ore. It is used in nuclear weapons and reactors. Because it is a very heavy substance, 1.7 times denser than lead, it is highly valued by the military for its ability to punch through armored vehicles and buildings. When a weapon made with a DU tip strikes a solid object like the side of a tank, it goes straight through it, then erupts in a burning cloud of vapor. The vapor settles as dust, which is not only poisonous, but also radioactive.
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Law is a set of rules that governs human behavior and social institutions. This includes rights and duties of individuals, communities, businesses, and governments.
Legal issues vary, depending on the context. They may be related to problems at work, family, or sudden events. If you suspect you have a legal problem, you should seek help from a lawyer.
Law has been described as a divinely appointed order. Its principles and regulations are enforceable by social institutions, such as courts, government, and society.
There are three types of law: public law, private law, and civil law. Public law is influenced by the constitution. Private law consists of the contracts and laws of individuals and groups.
Civil law systems are simpler. They rely on less-detailed judicial decisions and legislative statutes. These can be created by judges in common law jurisdictions, or by an executive through decrees.
The United Nations has been a pioneer in legal work, including human rights, environmental protection, and international humanitarian law. Some of the most important legal issues for 2020 are healthcare, immigration, LGBTQ rights, and voting.
The concept of “natural law” emerged in ancient Greek philosophy, and it re-entered mainstream culture through the writings of Thomas Aquinas. However, Montesquieu could not have predicted the modern problems of accountability and justice.
Modern lawyers must obtain a Juris Doctor or Master of Legal Studies degree to practice. Most legal services are overseen by a government agency or independent regulating body.


Did you know that bottled water companies are not required to test for asbestos in their water? They are also allowed to have levels of contaminants such as lead and bacteria. Traces of E. coli are prohibited in tap water, but not in bottled water. Tap water is more strictly regulated than bottled water, and thus is cleaner.
And that’s just discussing the water itself.
Photo by Joanne Lau.
A recent study by German scientists demonstrated that there are over 24,000 chemicals in a simple bottle of water, many of which act like strong pharmaceuticals. Much of this is coming not from the water, but the plastic container. One chemical found was proven to inhibit male hormone activity by 90% in amounts as small 0.1 ounces. That is the equivalent of the activity of a potent drug used to treat prostate cancer.
So what other chemicals are you drinking along with your water? Plasticized phthalate, dioxins and furans are a few. Plasticized phthalate has been proven to disrupt hormone function. Dioxins and furans are known carcinogens. In fact, dioxins are some of the most toxic substances out there.
One of the most talked about chemicals released by the plastic in water bottles is probably BPA. BPA is known to be released in even higher levels when the plastic is exposed to higher heat, which is why it is recommended to never drink from a bottle that has been sitting in your hot car. BPA is a synthetic estrogen. Not only does it disrupt hormones, it reduces sperm counts, causes infertility in women, disrupts brain development in the womb, and is now being linked to migraines and heart attacks.
With all the research, still forty million plastic water bottles are discarded every day across the world. Each square mile of ocean currently has 46,000 pieces of plastic floating in it. Ten percent will wind up on the ocean floor to degrade slowly into smaller particles that further poison our water. Simply buying a stainless steel reusable bottle and using a filter system at home would reduce these figures drastically.
Water bottles visiting Stonehenge, by Viv & Jill (Flickr).
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Posted by Mark Contorno.


"They are simply a stranger to the land," an anthropologist says of Southeast Asia's Bajau people, and a new study shows their bodies have changed to account for that. The Bajau, who live in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, sustain themselves by diving for fish, and have a noticeable ability to dive long and deep, even compared to other local divers. The New York Times reports they can dive more than 200 feet down with no equipment other than wooden goggles. The feats led Melissa Ilardo to wonder if evolution played a role, and an ultrasound machine confirmed there was a biological difference: It turns out the Bajau have larger spleens. When researching in Sulawesi, Indonesia, she compared the size of Bajau locals' spleens with those of the Saluan, a people who lived 15 miles inland.
The difference was stark: The Bajau's spleens were about 50% bigger. "It was like 'Oh my God,'" says a co-author of the study, published Thursday in Cell. As for why the spleen, the Guardian reports the researchers found a "clue" in research that had been done on seals: It turns out those seals that can dive for longer periods of time have bigger spleens. During the "diving reflex," which is triggered when one submerges the head in water, the spleen contracts, pumping oxygen-rich red blood cells into the circulatory system. The team measured the spleens of Bajau who weren't divers and found they were large, too, suggesting evolution is at play. They zeroed in on a gene variant called PDE10A as influencing the spleen's size. What's unknown: When the change began. (A new human organ was recently discovered.)