Source: International Business Times
The mysterious habitats of the deep are being destroyed before we know anything about them.
Given its vastness and apparent remoteness from our everyday lives, the deep sea has been widely considered protected from the impacts of the human era, known as the Anthropocene. This, unfortunately, is not true.
For many decades, the deep sea has been an ‘out of sight, out of mind’ rubbish dump. Munitions, waste, lost ships and shipping containers, radioactive waste and sewage have all been disposed of in the deep sea.
Our knowledge of the full extent of deep-sea pollution is far from complete, although it accrues yearly. Recently microplastics have been found in deep-sea sediment samples – some of which are an extraordinary distance (2,800 km) from major pollution sources.
The impact of such pollution on deep-sea animals is unclear. In addition, over the last century humans have been increasing the harvest of biomass from the deep sea. The most damaging form of this harvesting – bottom trawl fishing – has expanded continually since the 1950s and now commonly occurs at depths approaching 2,000m.
To give an idea of the destructive potential of trawling, imagine flattening whole forests just to collect the birds that live in it. This is effectively what happens to deep-sea coral gardens, which are biodiversity hotspots. Wasteful doesn’t even begin to describe the effects of trawling on these habitats where corals can live for over 4,500 years, making them some of the oldest living creatures on the planet.


We don’t know what dark matter is yet, but thanks to researchers at Yale and other universities, we now know where it’s at in three nearby galactic clusters.
The team, led by Priyamvada Natarajan, used gravitational lensing techniques (where a massive object bends light around it to act like a magnifying lens) to study the details of galaxy clusters Abell 2744, MACSJ 0416, and MACSJ 1149 in depth.
The initial images came from the Hubble Space Telescope. Measuring the distortions caused by gravitational lensing on background galaxies showed where invisible masses were still bending space around it enough to cause lensing events.
Dark matter is named so because of a “missing mass” in the universe. The rate of expansion for the universe doesn’t fit the amount of objects we can see. In fact, we can only see 5 percent of the total mass of the universe, with dark matter accounting for 27 percent and dark energy accounting for the rest.
Several solutions for dark matter have been proposed. This includes weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), MAssive Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs), and other exotic kinds of particles. WIMPs and other particles would constitute a type of matter that doesn’t interact with the matter we see all around us, but exerts a gravitational force. MACHOs are objects that are invisible to telescopes, like black holes, brown dwarfs, pulsars, and more that we haven’t yet detected, though there are significant doubts that they could account for the missing matter. Some dark matter researchers believe that MACHOs may account for a small chunk of the missing mass, with WIMPs making up the greater portion.
While we haven’t directly detected dark matter, it’s known to exist because of studies of the rotation rates of galaxies carried out by researchers like Fritz Zwicky and Vera Rubin. By mapping where dark matter is, astrophysicists may be able to gain a better understanding of how it clumps and what it might be made of.
The study was published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.


A lottery is a game of chance that draws a random number from a pool of probabilities. It is regulated by a commission and raises revenue for the country in which it is played. It has been around for centuries and continues to be used today to fund colleges, wars and public works projects.
An official lottery is a lottery that has been sanctioned by a government body and is operated by an authorized representative with specific rules and regulations to ensure fairness to players. For example, the state of Connecticut operates an official lottery called the Connecticut Lottery Corporation that sells fanfolded tickets with a common Pack Number.
Rules of the Lottery
The rules that govern the operation of a lottery are published by the governing authority and are essential for players to understand. They define such details as ticket issuance, prize payments and the verification process.
Scams & Fraudulent Callers
Scammers use different names, logos and websites to scam people into sending them money by telling them they have won a large lottery prize. They also use social media to spread their message.
These scams can be tricky and they take many forms, from e-mail to text messages. However, there are a few things you can do to avoid becoming the victim of one of these scams.
First, check your phone’s area code. If it’s outside of the market area for the lottery or game mentioned in the email, message or call, then you are probably being scammed.


Confined space course in Melbourne, this course is for the people who work in a narrow place and poorly ventilated environment which is unsafe for the workers they might lose their life due to working in a place which is completely dangerous for them. Number of people working in places which is completely harmful for them and they work there on a daily they should know how to protect their life through confined space course, where people learn how to keep themselves away from risk of losing life and protect their life in an efficient manner. Therefore, a confined space is defined as dangerous place.
Following are the reason why confined space course is important.
- Confined space course give awareness how to measure risk before working on a dangerous places and what are the safety protection one should have while performing a job and how to use that protection which is very important.
- Confined space course it helps the worker to determine the risk which involve in a job or in a specific task.
- This course give the awareness of testing equipment before performing a job which is very important one should know whether equipments are up to date or they need tuning. Because if equipments are not performing well how workers work properly and it increase the risk of workers life.
- Confined space course helps individual to collect enough information where they are going to work that how hazardous place and what are the protections they need to perform a job and they will do in a case of emergency. Information related to weather which is most important because at times worker work on heights.
- Confined space course, this course helps individual how to not panic and make their own way to come out from the hustle and help others without putting others life in a risk.
Each company should give this training to their employees and make their life risk free. If a worker know what to do and how to do it will be beneficial for the workers and companies as well. Company should only assign those workers who have training and know how to deal in dangerous circumstances.
Confined space lead to injuries and at times worker loses their lives because they doesn’t have enough knowledge but Skylar Safety is the company who has all the solution this company providing confined space course for the safety of the worker who works in hazardous environment the main concern of the company is to provide awareness how to work in a hazardous place and how individual health is important. This company trains the worker according to the need and profession they belongs to.


Reuters reported last Friday that crude oil from the BP spill in the Gulf of Mexico could eventually reach the shores of either Miami Beach or North Carolina’s barrier islands, if it connects with the ocean’s current in the right (or is that wrong?) way.
Robert Weisberg, a physical oceanographer from the University of South Florida, said in a conference call that the Loop Current which sweeps around the Gulf was in line to connect with the massive oil slick. Once such “entrainment” occurs, he said, the oil would be pulled swiftly south along Florida’s Gulf coast, and then out into the Florida Straits, which separate the United States and Cuba.
Weisberg added, “Exactly when the oil will enter the Loop Current at the surface is unknown but it appears to be imminent. It could be days or it could be longer but it looks like it’s going to happen, and it looks like it’s going to happen now sooner than later.”
Depending on local winds, however, Florida’s southwest beaches, the Florida keys, the coral reefs and the Everglades may all be spared from the oil, Weisberg added. This is because ocean circulation models show it more likely to head out to sea, beyond the Dry Tortugas islands, before getting caught in the Gulf Stream and making its way up the east cost of the United States. “Once it’s at the entrance to the Florida Straits it’s only another week or so before it could be in the vicinity of Miami or Palm Beach and one more week or so until it could be as far north as Cape Hatteras,” Weisberg said.
When asked about such a possibility, a spokesperson for NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) said her agency had no immediate forecast. “As far as the Florida Loop Current (goes), our predictions go to 72 hours out and right now the predictions are not (for) an effect on Florida at this moment,” she said.
Weisberg explained that the oil making it to shallow water is completely dependent on the winds. “Whether or not the oil makes landfall anywhere will depend on what the winds are doing at that particular point in time … It’s likely that there could be oil on the beaches in Miami but we really can’t say for sure right now.”


New Weevil Named After Chewbacca
Posted on April 27, 2016
Scientists have named a newly discovered weevil species after Chewbacca from Star Wars. The new beetle was one of four new flightless black weevil species discovered in New Britain, Papau New Guinea. The curious scales on the weevil made the scientists think of Chewbacca.
The beetle's scientific name is Trigonopterus chewbacca. The other new beetles include Trigonopterus obsidianus, Trigonopterus puncticollis and Trigonopterus silaliensis.
The scientists found the beetles after spending ten days sifting through leaf litter and foliage. The Chewbacca beetle measures between 2.78 and 3.13 mm. The beetle's body is black and rhomoid shaped with rust colored antennae.
The author say in a release, "Given the size, mountainous topography and tropical vegetation of New Britain, it is likely that Trigonopterus has undergone some local speciation on the island, but this possibility requires further investigation."
A research paper on the newly discovered beetles was published here in the journal, ZooKeys.
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IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) has been around since the early 1980's and is still the dominant networking protocol being used today to route traffic throughout the Internet. IPv4 uses 32-bit (four-byte) which translates to 4294967296 (232) addresses. As the Internet grew larger, this became insufficient and thus stimulated the development of IPv6 in the 1990's which has been in commercial deployment since 2006.
IPv4 consists of 2 sections which are the network identifier and the host identifier. The network identifier consists of the most significant bits of the IPv4 address, the length of which is variable. The remaining bits become the host identifier.
Example of an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation
The IPv4 addresses used to be divided into class A, class B, class C, class D and class E. Class A, B & C had 8 bits, 16 bits & 24 bits respectively as their network identifier. Class D was multi-cast and class E was reserved. Then came the introduction of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). With CIDR, IP addresses are able to be allocated with a variable number of bits in the network identifier. This enabled a more efficient allocation of IP addresses.
Example of an IPv4 address in CIDR notation ( /24 means the 24 most significant bits is the network identifier)
While most of the IPv4 addresses can be used on a public network like the Internet, there are some private ranges which are only meant for use in local area networks and broadcast operations.
On February 3, 2011, the IPv4 pool was exhausted and no more allocations could be made. With the advent of Internet of things, more and more devices will be connected to the Internet. This is where IPv6 will come in as there will be a whole lot more addresses that can be allocated from that pool.


I’m not surprised about the “slowness” that we see with respect to lab managers and scientists engaging in social media, as discussed in our earlier post. Many of us, scientists included, are still learning the ropes of productive online communication.
However in this video from Imperial College London scientists share some great insights how and why they actually use social media tools and how these tools help them with their research, their networking and managing their work.
Here are a couple of things I found interesting:
- They use those social media tools that they know others (colleagues etc.) use.
- Twitter seems the exception: Scientist may use Twitter (whether their colleagues use it or not) to follow science news feeds and people with interest in science. They appreciate that the breaking news coming out of Twitter are sometimes faster than the BBC. They tweet about their research and the research done by others.
- Some use social media tools to increase their chances of being identified as an expert in a certain field.
- Blogging and peer-reviewed publications don’t exclude each other: One researcher shares his experience how some of his blog posts have sparked follow-up discussions, have matured into scholarly articles and “accelerated the progress of science”. He also mentions that in some cases he gets more feedback (comments) on a blog post than giving a talk at a conference.
- Preserving precious work: Some write blog posts based on tutorials, seminars which they developed for their students, designed to explain things in the best way.
- Libel actions can become an issue, but it seems users of social media tools learn to deal with those as they go along.
- Mendeley seems popular: Scientists use it to find papers that are relevant to their research concept and what others have published in a certain area – 2 things that our research networking tool, UCSF Profiles, seems to do pretty well.
- Other tools they mention include Slideshare, Papers (a social paper management tool), Google docs, Google calendar, Wikipedia, Astrophysics Data System (a digital library portal for researchers in Astronomy and Physics) and arxiv.


Given an array and the task is to calculate its standard deviation of it.
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] Output: 1.4142135623730951 Input: [23, 4, 6, 457, 65, 7, 45, 8] Output: 145.13565852332775
Please refer to Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation for details.
Mean is average of element. Where 0 <= i < n
Mean of arr[0..n-1] = ∑(arr[i]) / n
Variance is the sum of squared differences from the mean divided by a number of elements.
Variance = ∑(arr[i] – mean)2 / n
Standard Deviation is the square root of the variance.
Standard Deviation = variance ^ 1/2
Approach: To get the standard deviation of an array, first we calculate the mean and then the variance, and then the deviation. To calculate the mean we use Array.reduce() method and calculate the sum of all the array items and then divide the array by the length of the array.
To calculate the variance we use the map() method and mutate the array by assigning (value – mean) ^ 2 to every array item, and then we calculate the sum of the array, and then we divide the sum by the length of the array. To calculate the standard deviation we calculate the square root of the array.
Example: In this example, we will be calculating the standard deviation of the given array of elements.
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Treating First-Degree Burns
First-degree burns are common and many can be treated at home, a dermatologist says.
Unlike second- or third-degree burns, first-degree burns involve only the top layer of skin and often occur after contact with hot surfaces, like a curling iron or a stove. Sunburn can also be a first-degree burn.
A first-degree burn may cause red and painful skin and mild swelling.
“Although first-degree burns aren’t as serious as higher-degree burns, they can hurt quite a bit and can leave a scar if not properly treated,” Dr. Darrell Rigel, a clinical professor of dermatology at New York University, said in an American Academy of Dermatology news release.
Halloween Safety Tips for Your Ghosts and Goblins
Rigel offered tips on how to treat the burn.
Cool it by immediately immersing the burn site in cool tap water or by applying cold, wet compresses. Continue for about 10 minutes or until the pain eases.
Apply petroleum jelly two to three times a day. Do not apply ointments, toothpaste or butter to the burn, because they may cause an infection. Do not apply topical antibiotics.
Cover the burn with a nonstick, sterile bandage. If blisters form, do not pop them. Let them heal on their own while keeping the area covered.
Consider taking over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve the pain and reduce inflammation.
After the burn heals, protect it from the sun to minimize scarring.
“First-degree burns usually heal on their own without treatment from a doctor,” Rigel said. “However, if your first-degree burn is very large, if the victim is an infant or elderly person, or if you think your burn is more severe, go to an emergency room immediately.”
The American College of Emergency Physicians has more on burns.
SOURCE: American Academy of Dermatology, news release, Oct. 10, 2017
Last Updated: Oct. 24, 2017
Copyright © 2017 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


Cancer mortality rate in the UK has fallen by 16% over the last 20 years | UK News
The all-cause death rate from cancer has fallen by 16% since Cancer Research UK was founded, according to new data from the charity.
It was said that around 310 people in every 100,000 died from cancer in the UK every year in the early 2000s – but now it’s around 260.
Factors said to include improvements in screening programs, research into more effective treatments and strategies that help prevent cancer from developing in the first place.
In some cancers, such as cervical cancer, the mortality rate has fallen even more Cancer with a minus of 33%.
Lung cancer survival rates have also doubled. In the mid-2000s, around 10% of people with the disease in England survived at least five years, now it’s 20%.
Cancer Research UK said this was partly due to the research it has funded into early detection and treatment.
‘Improvements in cancer mortality rates are the result of widespread contributions from across the research landscape, but it is clear that the impact of CRUK was an important part of this progress,’ said the charity.
Around £5.4 billion has been invested since its inception in February 2002, involving 3,000 researchers in 350 institutions. It plans at least a further £1.5bn in research spending over the next five years.
It said medicines linked to its research are used to treat more than 125,000 patients in England each year.
Chief Executive Michelle Mitchell said, “Every penny donated has helped revolutionize the way we know about cancer and saved many lives.”
However, she said there was “a long way to go” as cancer targets are still being missed and the UK lags behind comparable countries on survival rates.


Extraction of Silica Nanoparticles from Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Study of Its Application in Making Composites
Keywords:Rice husk, sol-gel method, ceramics matrix nanocomposites, ceramics, composite, silica nanoparticles
Nanotechnology is the most emerging field in the area of different scientific research. Various methods of synthesis of nanoparticles are available. The wet chemical synthesis method is applicable in the extraction of silica nanoparticles from Rice Husk Ash (RHA). Rice husk is a form of waste product from the rice milling industries which is produced in an abundance amount in and around the country. Rice husk which is generally left on the field as a waste contains 60% silica content and can be economically viable raw materials for the extraction of silica [1-2]. Initially, Rice husk was burnt to obtain its ash. Then, a simple bottom-up approach, the sol-gel method was applied, and fine powder silica in the nanoscopic range was extracted. After extraction of it, internal arrangement and average particle size were recognized by XRD while molecular components and structure present in silica were identified by FTIR. The obtained silica was then used in making of ceramics matrix nanocomposites (particularly silica-sand cement block), and its mechanical properties were identified by compressive strength test using Instron testing machine which was found to be increased in comparing with the compressive strength of ceramics composite (Sand cement block) prepared in the same ratio and same size of mold as that of ceramics matrix nanocomposites. The ceramics matrix nanocomposites acquiring higher mechanical strength than Ceramics composite occurred due to the incorporation of Silica nanoparticles.
How to Cite
© Journal of Nepal Chemical Society


Research Step 2 | Get Quick Solution
I’m trying to learn for my English class and I’m stuck. Can you help?
Research Step 2
Yahoo! It is our second research step!
Step 2 for your research paper is compiling a Preliminary Bibliography, and it consists of listing 22 sources in MLA Bibliographic format. This research step is especially important any time you have been given the ability to choose your own research topic since it is a test of the topic’s research viability. Remember if you cannot find 22 sources, there is a very strong chance that your research topic is not sufficient for the final project: the research paper. Also, you need to give a variety of sources so that the topic’s coverage is thorough.
There are 6 parts to Step 2, and they are listed below:
- Find and give the bibliographic citation for 1 encyclopedia article and copy a paragraph of the article under the citation.
- Find and give bibliographic citations for 5 books.
- Find and give bibliographic citations for 5 magazines/journals.
- Find and give bibliographic citations for 5 newspapers.
- Find and give bibliographic citations for 5 internet sites.
- Find and give the bibliographic citation for 1 source with a bibliography and copy a part of the bibliography list under the citation.
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To those who are not familiar with the law on a daily basis, the differences between civil trials, appeals and other legal procedures may not be very clear. If you are like many other residents in Las Vegas, you might even use the terms “civil appeals” and “jury trial” interchangeably. Until you find yourself going through a court process, these definitions might not mean that much to you. However, it can help you to understand the key differences between these two courtroom processes – especially if appealing a case ever becomes an option for you.
The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights defines trial courts and appellate courts in two clear and distinct ways. Here are the main points about each that you may need to know.
Trial cases – A district court is where you would first hold your civil case if it were a federal trial. These are the types of jury or judicial trials that you might watch on a television courtroom drama, although most real-life cases aren’t quite as dramatized and sensational. Both sides will be allowed to present their own evidence and call witnesses to testify. At the end of your case, either a judge or a jury will decide the outcome.
Appeal cases – Officially called courts of appeals, federal appellate courts may be held if you or the opposing side do not agree with the results of the original trial and have a valid reason to seek another decision. This does not mean a new trial will be held; instead, the judge or a panel of judges will look over the evidence from your first trial and decide if the original decision should be upheld or changed. You will not be able to present any new evidence during an appeal. In some cases, you may be able to take your appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
The appeals process is meant to ensure that the court is fair to both sides in disputes between individuals or entities. This information can help you understand the complex rules surrounding civil appeals, but is not meant to be taken as legal advice.


When taking a movement oriented approach towards rehabilitation, one quickly realizes how important the ankle and hips are to movement. A significant degree of ankle and hip mobility is needed to squat and lunge.
And while mobility is needed to assume these fundamental positions, strength is needed to maneuver in and out of those positions.
Glute activation is paramount in rehabilitation. There are many bridge variations (see here, here, and here) that can be done to activate the glutes. However, activating muscles in isolation does not always translate to normal human function.
In order to activate the glutes during the normal gait cycle, the hips need to move into at least 10 degrees extension. However, in order to move into hip extension when standing or taking a stride, ankle mobility is a prerequisite.
Without sufficient ankle mobility, the hips cannot move into extension and the glutes cannot fully activate. This can lead to a calf and quad dominant gait, which perpetuates the vicious cycle of stiff ankles and hips.
The amount of ankle dorsiflexion needed for a normal gait cycle is about 20 degrees. A good place to start improve ankle mobility is foam rolling the calves and performing a simple stride stretch.
If you finding yourself frustrated with not getting anywhere with improving hip mobility through foam rolling and glute activation, you may want to look further down the kinetic chain. A locked up ankle can be a driving force of movement dysfunction.


What is there to understand about Security lending?
Stock loans can refer to a number of different forms of borrowing money, usually against the value of one`s stock. Some popular kinds of stock loans are non-recourse loans, borrowing against an owned stock, and margin agreements.
A non-recourse loan is one that is made, often with a third-party lender, in which stocks are given as collateral for a sum of money roughly equal to a certain Loan To Value (LTV) of the securities. Many pitfalls exist for both the borrower and lender in these kinds of stock loans. Both parties are known for defaulting on repayment or return of stocks at the end of the loan term, and as the name implies, there is no recourse in these situations.
Borrowing money against stocks, means that as collateral, only the stock is given, rather than one`s ability to pay back a loan. This is similar to borrowing money against a home or property. The biggest danger here occurs in the form of one`s stocks dropping in value while the repayment amount for the loan remains the same.
Similar to borrowing against stocks in a margin agreement. In this situation, a lender provides funds up to 50 percent of a borrower`s marginable assets when purchasing new stocks. The loan comes with an interest rate and is paid back as the stocks appreciate in value. This allows the borrower to purchase more stocks than they would otherwise be able to using their funds alone. Whether the stock does well or not, the effects of this kind of loan are compounded. The gains can be very big, but so can the losses.
A borrower should simply put up the stock as collateral and obtain the best possible loan terms and hope that the stock will not drop drastically in value during the loan term. A stock loan is a simple and quick process.


Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool used to assess the significant effects of a project or development proposal on the environment.
EIAs make sure that project decision makers think about the likely effects on the environment at the earliest possible time and aim to avoid, reduce or offset those effects. This ensures that proposals are understood properly before decisions are made.
Stages of the EIA process
EIA has 5 main stages. If an EIA is required, an Environmental Assessment Impact Report will be written and submitted with the application for development consent. The public will have the chance to comment. This makes sure you're given a chance to be involved in decision making.
|1. Screening||Deciding if an EIA is required|
|2. Scoping||Deciding what needs to be covered in the assessment and reported in the 'EIA Report'|
|3. Preparing the EIA Report||The EIA report has to include the likely significant environmental effects of the development|
|4. Making an application and consultation||The EIA Report and development application must be publicised (including electronic advertisement), interested parties and the public must be given an opportunity to give their views on it|
|5. Decision making||The EIA Report and any comments made on it must be taken into account by the competent authority before they decide whether to give consent for the development. The decision notice has to be published|
|6. Post decision||The developer starts any monitoring required by the competent authority.|
Who makes the decisions?
Competent authorities decide whether to grant consent for a project. Information from the EIA process must be looked at when making a decision. Comments from statutory consultees and the public are also taken into account.
In Scotland there is a broad range of EIA development. This ranges from small-scale agricultural projects to major infrastructure.
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How many people have headaches?
Headache is a common symptom that can be caused more than 200 different medical problems (see this link). Some causes are very visible (like brain tumors), but the most common causes like migraine and tension type headache are not visible on available imaging. Tension type headache is the most common type of headache but it is less disabling than migraine.
How common is migraine?
Migraine is the third most common disease in the world after dental caries and tension type headache. People usually do not know this.
- 12% of people
- 15% of women
- 8% of men
- 10% of children
- 25% of Canadian households
- 1-2% of the population live with chronic migraine, the severe type
So if you live with migraine, you are definitely not alone. If you are in a room with 100 random people, 11 others will have migraine, at different severity levels.
How common are other types of headaches?
|30 to 80% over the lifetime|
20% of people overall at any given time
|2/1000 (probably more)|
For comparison, prevalences of other well-known diseases
|1% (probably more)|
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-858.
THE MIGRAINE TREE
- ACUTE TREATMENTS
- DEVICES AND NEUROMULATIOIN
- PREVENTIVE TREATMENTS
- PROCEDURES AND INJECTIONS
- SELF-CARE AND LIFESTYLE
- SOCIAL LIFE


Hello there, my friend! Today, I want to talk to you about two powerful emotions – anger and fear. Both feelings are a natural part of the human experience, but they can sometimes be challenging to self-regulate. In this post, I’ll share five steps to help you self-regulate anger and techniques for dealing with fear.
- Recognize your anger: The first step in self-regulating your anger is to recognize when you’re angry. Anger is often accompanied by physical sensations such as a rapid heartbeat, tense muscles, and shallow breathing. Pay attention to your body’s signals and take a moment to pause and acknowledge your anger.
- Express your feelings: Once you’ve acknowledged your anger, find a healthy way to express your feelings. Expressing your feelings could involve talking to a trusted friend or family member, journaling, or engaging in physical activity such as running or yoga. Whatever method you choose, ensure it’s a healthy way to release your emotions.
- Identify your fears: Fear is often at the root of anger. Take some time to identify what you’re afraid of. Is it a fear of failure, rejection, or the unknown? Once you understand your fearful worries, you can begin to address them.
- Challenge your thoughts: Fear often leads to negative thoughts and self-talk. Challenge these thoughts by asking yourself if they’re true or if there’s evidence to support them. Then, replace them with more positive and realistic thoughts.
- Practice mindfulness: Mindfulness is being present at the moment without judgment. When you feel angry or fearful, take a few moments to focus on your breath and tune into your physical sensations. Mindfulness can help you become more aware of your emotions and respond more intentionally.
Remember, learning to self-regulate anger and deal with fear is a process that takes time and effort. But with practice and persistence, you can develop the skills to manage your emotions healthily and constructively. So, be kind and patient with yourself, my friend, and trust that you can transform your relationship with anger and fear.


Dangers All Drivers Should Know
After driving for many years, it's sometimes easy to forget how many hazards there are on the road. Every now and then, it's good for drivers to be reminded of what could be waiting for them while driving on American highways. Fresh information about highway hazards helps drivers know what to do to keep themselves, their passengers, other drivers, and pedestrians as safe as possible.
Drivers who fail to keep up with their automobile's regular maintenance schedule run the risk of having a vehicle malfunction while driving along the highway. Vehicle breakdowns can have serious consequences for drivers and others on the road. Not only are poorly maintained vehicles a danger to drivers, they can also create unnecessary and costly expenses when small issues turn into major repairs that could have been avoided.
Regular motor vehicle drivers should be just as aware of the dangers of tire blowouts as truck drivers are. A loud boom and the sensation of rolling over a speed bump are often indications of a tire blowout. Drivers should do their best to stay calm and release their foot from the accelerator while turning on their hazard lights and guiding the vehicle safely to the shoulder of the road. Tires should be inspected regularly for wear and damage.
Serious hazards exist while driving near large trucks. Many successful truck accident lawyers warn that motorists should use the utmost caution when driving near trucks. It's best to remain out of a truck driver's blind spot, and motorists should pass trucks as quickly and carefully as possible while using an appropriate passing lane. It's also best not to follow too closely behind trucks, since you can't see what's happening in front of them.
While driving in fog, your vision of the road and other vehicles will be impaired, sometimes to zero visibility. it's always good to drive slowly with the fog lights on, if the car has them. Drivers might not be aware of it, but roads can become slick as a result of fog, making it even more essential that they drive with caution. It's also good to leave plenty of distance between vehicles and roll the car windows down to hear potentially muffled sounds.


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Slippery, slimy ...
Snakes are part of nature and should be a wonder to see but the fear factor is always present. They hear you long before you see them. Whilst hiking in the Magaliesberg, one should remember we are trespassing on their territory.
These are very common and are found in or close to most major cities. Many of the snake bite cases reported come from adders. They have large fangs situated in the front of the mouth which, when they are not in use fold back against the roof of the mouth. Most have cytotoxic venom, which destroys tissue and blood vessels. Symptoms are localised but bites can be very painful and are often followed by severe swelling and occasionally blistering.
Elapids include cobra and mambas and related snakes. They are venomous snakes with fixed grooved fangs in the front of the mouth and most of them are long and slender. The rinkals and the cobras are easily identified as they lift their heads off the ground and spread a hood. The venom of most is primarily nerotoxic; which affects the nervous system. The symptoms are rapid and can include dizziness, difficulty in swallowing, slurred speech, blurred vision and eventually unconsciousness.
These have small fangs on the upper jaw, just behind the eye. The boomslang and twig snake are known to have potent haemotoxic venom, which affects the blood-clotting mechanism, causing severe headaches, bleeding from the mucous membranes, nausea, vomiting and eventually bleeding from all internal organs.
Fangless and non-poisonous snakes
These do not possess venom, so are harmless, but they do have teeth. Some, like the large mole snake, are capable of painful bites.


Measuring mortality in short-tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) as they return from foraging after an aerial 1080 possum control operation
- Science and Research, Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10 420, Wellington, New Zealand
- Otago Conservancy, Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 5244, Dunedin, New Zealand
Lesser short-tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) feed on arthropod taxa known to consume 1080 baits. Thus, they may be vulnerable to secondary poisoning after control operations for brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) using aerially broadcast 1080 baits. Short-tailed bat mortality was monitored during 11 days after 1080 baits were broadcast over their winter foraging area. Monitoring involved catching a sample of 269 bats as they arrived at a roost after foraging, then holding them in captivity for 48 hours. None of the captured bats displayed any symptoms of 1080 poisoning. Power analysis indicates that there was a ³ 0.95 probability of detecting mortality when the actual mortality rate was above 11.1 deaths per thousand foraging flights. Uncertainties in assumptions about the bats behaviour mean that the overall population mortality corresponding to this minimum detectable mortality rate may range from 5.4 to 28.4%, with a best estimate of 14.4%. Although it can be concluded that this 1080 operation probably did not cause major mortality of short-tailed bats, several replicate trials are required before a generalised conclusion can be drawn about the fate of short-tailed bats following aerial 1080 operations. More information about short-tailed bat population demography is required to assess the impact of 1080 operations on population viability.


Are you Looking for Printables to teach about India? or need some fantastic Hand-on Activities to add to your India Unit study?
Check out this Compact learning binder with 11 Topics.
Kids can learn Facts, National Symbols, Spices, food, dresses, Dance, Freedom fighters and Festivals with this India Learning Binder.
:::: LIST OF ACTIVITIES ::::
Location of India
Spices of India
Festivals of India
Dances of India
Costumes of India
Monuments of India
About Taj Mahal.
:::: HOW TO MAKE A BUSY BOOK/BINDER ::::
Download, Print, Laminate, Cut out the Matching pieces, Add Velcro and Bind.
Detailed Instructions(With video) are included in your order files.
:::: HIGHLIGHTS ::::
INSTANT Download and Ready to Print
You will receive a PDF Files with 21 Printable Pages
Currently Available in A4
Want Letter size? Please Leave a Note while Checking out.
Note: This Busy book is not part of any other Bundle.
- This is a DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. No physical items will be Shipped.
- Due to the nature of the item, Refunds cannot be made for Instant Download purchases.
- Due to monitor differences and your printer settings, the actual colours of your printed product may vary slightly.
- You will need Adobe Reader to open & print the PDF file. It can be downloaded for FREE at http://get.adobe.com/reader/
- Some Printables are sent in a compressed ZIP format. You need to Extract the files and then print. If you face any difficulty while using on Mobile, kindly try in a PC or Laptop.


Infectious diseases have plagued humankind throughout history. When small bands of hunter-gatherers contracted an illness, it might have remained relatively contained; but as agrarian societies allowed for more heavily concentrated populations, these diseases could cause widespread damage. Trade routes between urban centers now became superhighways for the transmission of pathogens.
24/7 Tempo has compiled a list of the 20 worst epidemics and pandemics in history. An epidemic is defined as the widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. A pandemic is an epidemic that crosses international boundaries and affects a large number of people in multiple countries or worldwide.
Pandemics such as the Black Death, which wiped out 60% of the population of Europe, are capable of dramatically altering the course of history. They have devastated economies, toppled civilizations, ended empires. Here are great cities that came back after being nearly destroyed.
Over a million people died in each of the worst epidemics and pandemics in history. Smallpox, bubonic plague, and influenza were responsible for many of the pandemics. Luckily, due to worldwide vaccination efforts, smallpox was eradicated in 1980 — the only infection known to have been eliminated worldwide.
Click here to read about the 20 worst epidemics and pandemics in history
Although the COVID-19 pandemic is still killing people every day worldwide, vaccination efforts have helped bring the current pandemic to an end. But the rapidly spreading new “Arcturus” COVID strain has been detected in at least 20 states.
Unfortunately, there will almost certainly be more calamitous epidemics and pandemics in the future. We can only hope that medical science will be able to keep up.


The Wedgwood neighborhood of northeast Seattle, renowned for its beautiful trees, is a wonderland of color during the autumn season.
The flame ash street trees along the arterial 35th Ave NE turn crimson in October-November. These street trees extend along 35th Ave NE beginning at NE 84th Street, northward to where the arterial meets Lake City Way NE at NE 137th Street.
Not only along the arterials, but also on side streets and in the yards of residences in Wedgwood, the show of colorful leaves is a feast to the eyes.
What makes the leaves of deciduous trees turn color?
Trees are sensitive to the gradual loss of light in the gradually-shortening days of autumn, signaling the need to prepare for winter.
The green pigment (chlorophyll) is withdrawn in autumn which reveals the other pigments in a color range of yellow to orange and red.
The typical autumn colors of a particular tree are “genetic,” that is, according to what kind of tree it is.
Why do the leaves fall? As the tree withdraws its fluids and begins winter hibernation, the circulation of fluids to leaves is cut off, and then the leaves dry out and separate from the branches.
Fallen leaves still have nutrient value, and one of the best things you can do for your garden is to spread the leaves so that nutrients will trickle into the soil.
For more on the subject of leaves and color, see Why Leaves Fall from Trees in Autumn by Roger De Silvestro of the National Wildlife Magazine.


Scaling Up Agriculture in City-Regions to Mitigate FEW System Impacts
With dramatic growth of urban areas and the majority of the world’s population now living in urban settings, cities have become dominant demand drivers in global food-energy-water (FEW) cycles. Globalization processes have intertwined cities with distant geographies through system interactions that include the exchange of food, energy, water, materials, capital, and the like. Through food consumption, city and ‘hinterland’ have become highly interconnected and interdependent across spatial, temporal, and jurisdictional scale. Growing awareness of the myriad environmental and socio-economic impacts associated with this food production-consumption nexus has sparked an urban agricultural renaissance. This white paper entitled, “Scaling Up Agriculture in City-Regions to Mitigate Food Energy Water Impacts,” is the result of a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation and held at the University of Michigan on October 5-6, 2015. The document summarizes current knowledge with respect to urban agriculture on: 1) food supply and security; 2) water quality and re-use; 3) energy use; 4) biodiversity and ecosystem health; 5) and equity and governance. Prior to the workshop, working groups prepared on these five issues regarding the state of knowledge, level of implementation, and interactions with other FEW systems. A sixth working group evaluated potential integrative frameworks and modeling approaches to assess urban FEW system interactions. This analysis is also included in this white paper. To uncover the linkages between physical, social, economic, and ecological systems, the project team and workshop participants included a multidisciplinary collection of geographers, engineers, ecologists, biologists, earth systems analysts, complexity modelers, planners, computer scientists, public health policy experts, and others. The white paper concludes by identifying fundamental research needs in order to transition urban food-energy-water systems so that they are more integrated, sustainable, resilient, and equitable.


Free Printable Worksheet |Easy Download | PDF to Print | Pencil Not Included
Zoo Animals Word Search Puzzle
The Zoo Animals word search might have you thinking about all the different creatures who live on our planet. This puzzle focuses on those animals you might see when going to a zoo. Offering a chance to better understand our world and seeing how pretty the animals are, a zoo is a place where you can admire animals from afar as they live.
Since there are so many types of animals, you might not see all of them at a zoo. You will see some of the most amazing ones though. A chance to look at an elephant or giraffe up close is inspiring. Being able to see a turtle eat is exciting. And taking a picture of a lion is super cool too. there are a number of favorite animals to check out at every zoo. With so many zoos around the world, you could definitely go for a full day or two and learn so much about the animals in our world!
This Zoo Animals word search puzzle word list includes the following animal words in the game list: APE, BEAR, CAMEL, CHEETAH, DEER, DUCK, ELEPHANT, FLAMINGO, FOX, GIRAFFE, GOAT, GORILLA, HIPPO, LEMUR, LION, MONKEY, OSTRICH, PANDA, PARROT, PENGUIN, RHINO, SLOTH, SNAKE, TIGER, TURTLE, WARTHOG, WOLF, and ZEBRA
The Zoo Animals word search puzzle difficulty: Easy to Moderate. This printable puzzle worksheet is a PDF. Ready! Set! Play!


Watch out for this around pets
Thousands of dogs have been poisoned (some fatally) in recent years by a substance that is 100 times more toxic to dogs than chocolate — and it could be in your pantry, purse or medicine cabinet right now.
Xylitol, a sweetener often used in toothpaste, mouthwash, gum, mints, candies, baked goods and even some brands of peanut butter, is extremely toxic to dogs. When dogs ingest xylitol, it causes a sudden release of insulin, which can result in low blood sugar, seizures, liver failure and death.
Symptoms of xylitol poisoning in dogs include weakness, lethargy, collapse, vomiting, tremors, seizures, jaundice, black tarry stool and coma. If you suspect that your animal has been poisoned, call your veterinarian or the Pet Poison Helpline at 800-213-6680 immediately.
Protect your animal companions by storing any products containing xylitol out of animals' reach and where they can't be knocked down — or better yet, by safely disposing of them and buying only xylitol-free products.
For more ways to keep your animal companions safe, happy and healthy, visit www.PETA.org.
The PETA Foundation


DOTS- Directly Observed Treatment short course is a universal strategy recommended by WHO for the treatment of Tuberculosis. World Health Organization guidelines for treatment of tuberculosis call for directly observed treatment (DOTS), in certain instances to monitor patient medication adherence practices. DOTS consists of an observer watching the patient swallow his or her tablets in a way that is sensitive and responsive to the patient’s needs and to ensure that the patient takes the right drugs, in the right doses, and at the right intervals. The infected person needs to meet with a healthcare worker every alternate day in a week and take medicine under his/her direct supervision. The place can be a TB clinic or workplace Currently, DOTS strategy is in practice in more than 180 countries world-wide.
DOTS protocol is designed as a Top-Down Manual model. It is built with a strong observation strategy because of its nature of design. The WHO recommended DOTS strategy is the most effective strategies to control TB. It emphasises the regular intake of TB drugs for a period of six to eight months and monitoring of patients treatment for progress assessment. The data of the patient, treatment and medication are recorded in registers. The monthly reports are put on the blackboards. This creates an unnecessary challenge for the DOTS treatment because in today’s scenario with the use of appropriate technology, the treatment can be made more effective if a component of technology is applied in it.


What is Inheritance Income?
Inheritance income is taxable income received from an inheritance. Inheritances are treated specially under tax law, and not all aspects of an inheritance will be subject to income taxes. Exceptions include inheritances over a certain amount, as well as inheriting specific types of accounts, like retirement accounts. If these are included in an inheritance, they are considered inheritance income and people must pay taxes on them. An accountant can provide assistance with filing tax declarations related to an inheritance appropriately and accurately.
The tax code is generally lenient on inheritance to avoid penalizing people for inheriting and to encourage people to retain assets to bequeath to descendants. Things like real estate are not taxable as inheritance income, as are cash bequests under a certain amount. When people inherit retirement accounts, these are considered inheritance income and people must pay taxes on funds distributed from these accounts. There is a space on tax forms to declare inheritance income, along with other earnings in a given tax year.
The amount of tax paid varies, depending on the size of the account and the distributions, as well as other matters. Expenses associated with inheritance income can be offset with deductions like expenses, associated with processing an estate. The tax code can become quite complex with large estates, particularly those containing many different kinds of assets. People concerned about inheritance income and its impact on beneficiaries of their estates can consult an accountant to get information on the best way to settle an inheritance.
The tax code is under constant revision and shift. The government may periodically change the standards for inheritance income and related topics. People concerned about handling an estate should make sure they are using tax information for the correct year. The government cannot retroactively tax people for inheritances, but people should not assume that experience with handling a prior estate will also apply to settling a different estate, as the law may change.
While many aspects of an inheritance may not be taxable, they can impact eligibility for government benefits and assistance. Many government programs have asset caps in addition to income caps, and people may become ineligible for things like food stamps if they inherit valuable assets with an estate, even if they do not receive income. This is a consideration people may want to take into account when developing an estate plan. Setting up a trust can allow people to benefit from an estate without having their eligibility for benefits impacted.
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Tack hammers, jeweller's hammers, and upholstery hammers are all specialised types of hammers used for specific tasks.
A tack hammer is a small, lightweight hammer with a narrow, pointed head that is used for driving small tacks and brads into wood or other materials. It is commonly used in upholstery and other crafts where precision is important.
A jeweller's hammer is a small, lightweight hammer with a flat or slightly rounded head that is used for shaping and forming metal in jewelry making and other small-scale metalworking tasks. It is often used in conjunction with a jeweller's anvil to shape and form metal wire, sheet, or other small pieces.
An upholstery hammer is a hammer with a magnetised head and a forked tip that is used for removing staples and tacks from upholstery and other fabrics. The magnetized head helps to hold onto the staples and tacks, while the forked tip allows for easy removal without damaging the fabric.
Each of these hammers has a specific purpose and is designed to be used in a particular way. Proper use of these hammers can make the task at hand easier and more efficient, while improper use can lead to damage to the material being worked on or injury to the person using the hammer.


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Herbartianism, pedagogical system of German educator Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841). Herbart’s educational ideas, which applied particularly to the instruction of adolescents, had a profound influence on late 19th-century teaching practices, especially in the United States, where educators established the National Herbart Society in 1895.
Herbart advocated five formal steps in teaching: (1) preparation—a process of relating new material to be learned to relevant past ideas or memories in order to give the pupil a vital interest in the topic under consideration; (2) presentation—presenting new material by means of concrete objects or actual experience; (3) association—thorough assimilation of the new idea through comparison with former ideas and consideration of their similarities and differences in order to implant the new idea in the mind; (4) generalization—a procedure especially important to the instruction of adolescents and designed to develop the mind beyond the level of perception and the concrete; (5) application—using acquired knowledge not in a purely utilitarian way but so that every learned idea becomes a part of the functional mind and an aid to a clear, vital interpretation of life. This step is presumed possible only if the student immediately applies the new idea, making it his own.
Enthusiasm for Herbartianism declined with the appearance of new pedagogical theories, in particular those of John Dewey.


PCC 503 Disasters & Community Trauma: Mental health issues of Survivors & First Responders
Faculty: Dr. Ann-Marie Neale (Profile)
ABOUT THE COURSE
It seems like almost every day we are continually faced with the aftermath of natural or technological disasters, acts of terrorism and other community trauma. It is impossible to turn on the news or browse the Internet without hearing of another earthquake, typhoon, tsunami, plane crash, act of terror or other tragic event. As a Mental Health Specialist with the American Red Cross, I had firsthand experience with counseling survivors of natural disasters as well as being of help to the volunteers and first responders. Survivors of these tragic events have immediate needs that are physical, emotional and psychological in nature. First responders such as local mental health professionals, firefighters, police officers and clergy often experience fatigue, emotional distress and exhaustion. Whether first responders are lay volunteers or come from professional agencies such as the local police force, the National Guard, FEMA, local fire departments, from volunteer agencies such as the Red Cross or the Salvation Army or from volunteer local clergy, medical or mental health professionals, just like the victims (or survivors as I prefer to call them), they will also need support both during and after the event.
The main purpose of this course is to familiarize students with the unique characteristics of natural and technological disasters, acts of terrorism, phases of disasters, the special needs of survivors and first responders as well as appropriate intervention techniques for both these groups. The importance of collaborative efforts among professionals such as clergy, chaplains, mental health professionals and others will be explored. While this is an introductory course and is not meant to provide in-depth training or education; it will hopefully encourage students to learn more and to implement the suggestions found in the readings and discussions.


Undelivered 1940s Mexican letters to Pacific Northwest relatives
Mrs. Fidencia Abila was probably relieved that her son Salvador looked plump (“estas muy gordo”) in the photos (“retratos”) he sent from the United States. He was part of the Bracero Program enacted through several bilateral agreements signed by United States and Mexico between 1942 and 1964. The program brought thousands of Mexican men as short-term workers, primarily in agriculture, contributing with their “brazos” (arms) to the overall war effort as our country made a full commitment to World War II and later the Korean War.
This is one of twenty-four letters written by Bracero relatives in Mexico, never reaching their intended recipients in the Pacific Northwest. Salvador never read his mother’s blessing: “que dios te ven diga” dated October 9, 1943. Envelope marks indicate several other letters were re-directed within the United States. But none were returned to senders.
If reading them is often challenging with run-on sentences or misspelling of phonetically-like sounds, “vien” for “bien,” these documents tell the joy of families who have heard from their sons, brothers, husbands or friends and the worries of those who have not received news of the men who have gone up North.
As a teaching tool these texts offer students ways of drawing broad historical parallels with current immigration issues: one third of the letters come from the same Mexican region that continues to send a big percentage of the overall migrant workers coming to the United States. For others, there’s a personal connection. A graduate student’s grandfather was a Bracero and she directed her thesis to an area that has received little scholarly attention: the life of the women left behind. With half of the letters written by mothers, daughters, sisters and girlfriends, the documents were right on target for her research. More recently, one the of Spanish language lecturers, whose father was also a Bracero, suggested transcribing the letters so she could use the texts in her classes of first-generation students.
Almost 80 years after those undelivered letters were written they continue to inspire others.
You can consult all 24 letters in SearchWorks, Bracero letters, 1943.


Students from Mrs. Bell’s (at Lisha Kill Middle School), Ms. Bigwarfe’s, and Ms. Sebert’s (both at Sand Creek Middle School) classes had the opportunity to video conference with the JOIDES Resolution, a research vessel taking core samples from the ocean floor in Iceberg Alley, Antarctica.
Students were able to tour the ship, seeing the small rooms they live in with another person with the same job as they work 12 hour shifts, seeing the large drill they use to take core samples, even touring the dining area where they have a self serve soft ice cream machine (a student favorite!). Classes were able to talk to scientists, asking questions about the core samples they are collecting. They were able to see the cores in the science labs where they discussed the purpose of their research, and how they are using the information they are gathering to learn more about past climates of Antarctica.
The Onboard Outreach Officer (Lee) is an educator spending two months on the ship where she conducts many video conferences with schools all over the world. Many times there are whales near the vessel but when we looked, unfortunately, there weren’t any there. Other animals, like birds, like to stay near the vessel since the crew is conscious of their waste and will toss apple cores over for the birds to eat. Students were excited to be able to collaborate with the scientists on-board the JR.


How much of what you learned in high school helps you today? Does any of it save a life?
In 2013, two Georgia boys (9 and 10) saved an infant’s life using cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). They weren’t certified. They never took a formal course. Every day, they walked by a poster in the cafeteria. It is that easy!
We believe that teaching CPR to students should be made fun and engaging. Yes, saving a life is serious, but learning how to do it doesn't have to be. If students are not intimidated by the process, they'll be more inclined to help. The CPR Jukebox is our answer to teaching hands-only CPR to students.
Most state legislatures have made it clear that CPR is important and students should learn it. Some states require it as a graduation requirement. Other states leave it to the discretion of the schools. The amount of time required differs by state. The majority of states follow the methods and teachings of the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association.


Its important for students and staff attending or assisting in courses in 2022 to be up to date with their vaccines.
22 countries have been identified globally with large and disruptive measles outbreaks in the last 12 months causing substantial public health impact. Measles is highly infectious 1 case can cause between 12-15 additional cases.
Vaccination with MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine is the only way to protect against measles. In Ireland the first MMR dose is given at 12 months of age, and the second dose at 4-5 years of age.
Students and staff from any country or Ireland attending your college should ensure they have received TWO doses of MMR vaccine prior to attendance and they should be asked to confirm their MMR vaccination status (or of measles immunity) from their own doctor or immunisation service.
Meningococcal group C
Meningococcal group C (MenC) infection is a serious infection that can cause meningitis and septicaemia (blood poisoning). MenC vaccine is given in Ireland to babies as part of the primary childhood immunisations, with a dose of MenACWY vaccine given to first years in secondary schools.
However, most countries outside Ireland do not include Meningococcal vaccine in their immunisation schedule.
Vaccination of all students and staff should ensure that no cases of these diseases occur in your college.
In the unlikely event that a case is identified despite the above measures, the local public health department should be contacted immediately and they will provide the necessary advice and guidance.
Download correspondence to course coordinators in English and Irish
This page was added on 10 June 2022


Red-eyed leaf frog coloration is quite variable throughout their range. The form typically seen in the pet industry is brilliant green with blue sides mottled with vertically oriented, white reticulations. The ventral surface is completely white. The common name is derived from the bright red or crimson eyes these animals possess. When sleeping, the brightly colored sides and eyes of these frogs are completely concealed. Upon being startled by a predator, the bright sides and eyes are suddenly exposed, often startling predators and giving the frog enough time to escape. Red-eyed leaf frogs can be kept quite simply in captivity, when provided with a few basic requirements. A variety of substrates will suit the needs of these frogs, including everything from simple paper toweling to more natural substrates, such as peat or green moss, coco coir, or a mixture of coco coir and orchid bark. It is important to have a drainage layer at the bottom of the enclosure, which can be made using either large grade pea gravel or LECA (expanded clay pellets), and then covering this with fiberglass window screening to prevent the finer substrate from filling the gaps in the bottom layer. Suitable plants include philodendron, pothos, Aglaonema, dieffenbachia, and other large-leaved sturdy plants. It is also important to provide a large, clean water dish to allow these frogs to soak regularly. Red-eyed leaf frogs should primarily be fed a diet of crickets, with the occasional small mealworm or silk moth larvae. They should be fed every second or third day to maintain proper body weight. Food items should be dusted once weekly when feeding adult individuals, and at every feeding for developing froglets, still undergoing periods of rapid growth.
Red-eyed leaf frogs inhabit lowland rainforests often near water courses
Red-eyed leaf frogs are found throughout tropical Central America, from southern Mexico through northern Columbia.
Scientific Name: Agalychnis callidryas
Species Group: frog
Size: Adults measure up to 3 inches in total length.


Researchers have developed an artificial cellular organelle to aid in the development of artificial synthesis the life-saving anti-clotting drug heparin:
Scientists have been working to create a synthetic version of the medication, because the current production method leaves it susceptible to contamination–in 2008, such an incident was responsible for killing scores of people. But the drug has proven incredibly difficult to create in a lab.
Much of the mystery of heparin production stems from the site of its natural synthesis: a cellular organelle called the Golgi apparatus, which processes and packages proteins for transport out of the cell, decorating the proteins with sugars to make glycoproteins. Precisely how it does this has eluded generations of scientists.
To better understand what was going on inside the Golgi, Linhardt and his colleagues decided to create their own version. The result: the first known artificial cell organelle, a small microfluidics chip that mimics some of the Golgi’s actions.
As well as the utility of being able to produce drugs in this way, it is impressive the degree of control that can be exerted over the matter:
The digital device allows the researchers to control the movement of a single microscopic droplet while they add enzymes and sugars, split droplets apart, and slowly build a molecule chain like heparin.
[from Technology Review, via KurzwailAI][image from Technology Review]


Stem cell transplants for lung regeneration – promising breakthrough in China
For the first time, researchers have succeeded in using stem cell transplantation to regenerate damaged lung tissue
It has been reported earlier this week, that researchers from Tongji University in China have made a breakthrough in human lung regeneration technology which could greatly benefit patients with permanent lung damage such as bronchiectasis.
(Since permanent lung damage and bronchiectasis is common in Cystic Fibrosis, we were very interested to learn more about this breakthrough and we are excited to watch the progress on this over the next few years.)
At first the researchers tested the technology on immunodeficient mice and saw promising results such as the successfully regenerated human bronchial and alveolar structures, and the repair of the injured lungs. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that the lung function of the mice was significantly recovered.
The team launched the first human clinical trial based on the lung stem cell transplantation for the treatment of Bronchiectasis (permanent injury to the bronchial structure of lung). The first two patients were recruited for a clinical trial in March 2016.
- The lung stem cells were delivered into the patients’ lung through bronchoscopy.
- One year after transplantation, two patients described relief of multiple respiratory symptoms such as coughing and dyspnea.
- CT imaging showed regional recovery of the dilated structure.
- Patient lung function began to recover three months after transplantation, which maintained for one year.
- According to reports, a multi-center, placebo-controlled study is being carried out with a much larger group and involving different categories of respiratory diseases including bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease.
- According to the press release published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, this could be revolutionary in conquering lung disease
Read full press release article from the American Association for the Advancement of Science here


non-standard term for a larva of a fly (order Diptera); it is applied in particular to the larvae of Brachycera flies, such as houseflies, cheese flies, and blowflies
A maggot is the common name of the larval phase of development in insects of the order Diptera (flies). Sometimes, the word is used to describe the larval stage of any insect.
While large maggots only eat necrotic tissue in living animals and can be symbiotic, certain types of maggots are parasitic, like the Botfly larvae. These larvae spend part of their life cycle as parasites under the skin of living animals. As a result myiasis will take place in the host causing symptoms like sores and irritating lesions and even death.
- Maggot vending machines in the UK
- Maggot Therapy Project - Website at the University of California, Irvine, list of maggot therapy practitioners
- suppliers of Medical Maggots (disinfected Phaenicia sericata larvae), picture of Medical Maggots vial
- BioTherapeutics Education and Research Foundation
- Get rid of Maggots - Website with visitors' input on getting rid of maggots
- Biotherapy with leeches and maggots Archived 2011-02-02 at the Wayback Machine


Fifteen years ago, the Anegada iguana conservation program was established to offset the mortality rate of young iguanas on the small island of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands. Since then, Fort Worth Zoo conservation biologists have made significant strides in the conservation of this species. These accomplishments include determining the optimal size and survivability of released headstarted animals, initiating a mark-and-recapture program, creating a secondary means of population monitoring and maintaining support of the headstart program.
Despite a recent extensive drought, the number of Anegada iguana hatchings has been encouraging. A camera trapping study produced important data for monitoring this species and the island’s residents participated in Iguana Fest, a day-long celebration of the Anegada iguana.
Fort Worth Zoo Conservation Biologist Kelly Bradley hosted two groups of college students from all over the United States as part of the Zoo’s “Conservation Expeditions” program. Students worked in the field with Bradley studying and measuring iguanas, working at the headstart facility and collaborating on a camera trapping study. The 16 motion-censored camera traps were set up around the island to collect health, composition, density, distribution and behavioral information of the wild iguana population, released headstarted animals, feral cats and livestock. The cameras are continuously capturing images, which have produced long-term survival and movement/dispersal data about the Anegada iguanas that have been released from the headstart facility.
A festival was held outside the Anegada Iguana Headstart Facility to celebrate the island’s native species. About 100 people (one-third of the island’s population) participated in Iguana Fest, which included an art contest, a fun run/walk, breakfast, games and a cookout.
“The festival was created to generate a greater sense of pride and ownership for the recovery of the Anegada iguana,” Bradley said. “Despite Tropical Storm Raphael blowing through the British Virgin Islands that day, I was very pleased with the event – you could feel the camaraderie and excitement.” Based on the success of the inaugural event, Bradley plans to make Iguana Fest an annual celebration.


||Uptake of Toxic Water Pollutants (PCB) by Lake Trout.
Parejk, Ronald ;
Johnsto, Raymond ;
||Northern Michigan Univ., Marquette. Dept. of Biology.
||DI-14-01-0001-3522; OWRR-A-061-MICH; 05201,; A-061-MICH(1)
( Chlorine organic compounds ;
( Lake Superior ;
Water pollution) ;
( Trout ;
( Water pollution ;
Chlorine organic compounds) ;
Fresh water fish ;
Gas chromatography ;
||Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown.
Lake trout taken from North America's largest oligotrophic lake, Lake Superior, were analyzed to determine the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their tissue. These fish are used for human consumption and the potential contamination of humans with PCBs would exist if fish that contained these compounds would be consumed. Results from analysis of fish oil extracted from lake trout have demonstrated that these fish possess low but detectable concentrations of PCBs in their tissue. Some of the lake trout analyzed also contained significant concentrations of chlorinated pesticides such as DDT and/or its analogs. Statistical determinations made between mean PCB concentration and fish age, sex and geographical location of removal from Lake Superior.


You can help the pollinators simply by not using dangerous chemicals in your garden or yard. This naturally helps reduce exposure to toxins for all of us as well as lessens water pollution. This in turn reduces the strain on human and animal health. Find out how to garden without toxins and make your own DIY nontoxic pesticide & natural fungicide recipes in the Green Handbook, pages 41-45.
Get the Book: www.thegreenhandbook.com
Bees, butterflies and other pollinators face extinction: UN: https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/pollinators-un-report-1.3465373
While We Worry about Bees, Other Pollinators are Disappearing: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2018/08/03/honeybees-pollinator-really-going-extinct/#.XTYFfJNKjfE
Pollinators in Trouble: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/pollinators/pollinators-in-trouble.htm
Pollinators in Peril: https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/native_pollinators/pdfs/Pollinators_in_Peril.pdf
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Do you find your dog laying out in the sun on warm days in the backyard or under a window in the sunlight often? Ever wonder why? Sunbathing is a normal behaviour in dogs. This behaviour is both instinctive and reactive. When the environmental temperature is quite cold, dogs would prefer to lie in a warm sunny area.
Beyond this, there are benefits to exposing your dog to sunlight. Some of them include
⦁ Stimulation of Vit. D production helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus in the body.
⦁ Sunlight helps to reduce melatonin (sleep hormone) in your dog’s body, thus, keeping your dog active and happy during the day.
⦁ Serotonin, a mood-boosting hormone is released on exposure to sunlight. This makes your dog feel good.
While sunbathing has its benefits, the UV rays from the sun can cause several problems such as
⦁ Skin Cancer.
⦁ Heat stroke.
As much as you want to indulge your dog when they curl up in their favourite sunny area, bear in mind that it can be harmful when it’s in excess. Ensure your dog is strictly monitored when sunbathing and ensure cool water is always available to regulate internal temperature.


Empathic Understanding Is Critical
Empathic understanding is critical to the person-centered approach, because it refers to the understanding of the client's world from the client's point of view. This is no easy task because it is hard for counselors to set aside their biased views of the world in an attempt to see things through the client's eyes. All other actions counselors take will be inappropriate without empathy because they would then be based on inaccurate perceptions of the client. This construct allows practitioners to respond effectively and assures clients that their confidence in the counselor is justified.
Knowing the content of what a client says and knowing the feelings behind the words are the two essential elements of empathic understanding. The words and reasoning of the abuser striking his wife are important information that a counselor can interpret. The feelings, on the other hand, may come out in words, like anger, hate, or frustrated, or in other ways, like reddening of the face, facial expressions, posture, laughter, or tears. Empathic understanding combines all of these verbal and nonverbal clues to understand clients.
Empathic understanding has two important tasks that practitioners must accomplish to make it a useful construct: (a) understanding and (b) accurately conveying that understanding. The most obvious of these is that counselors must set aside their own beliefs and enter the client's world so that they can understand. Setting aside disdain for the abusive spouse above is no easy task, but not doing so will taint any understanding of the person with the counselor's biases.
Understanding alone has minimal value as a counseling technique. The client must also be aware of just exactly what the practitioner understands. This second dimension is crucial for empathic understanding to be useful. Empathic understanding only improves the helping relationship when the client clearly recognizes what the counselor understands, so the counselor must effectively communicate that understanding back to the client in words and actions.


The split() method splits a string by space in Python. You can use any separator like a comma, a hyphen, etc, the default separator is any space.
Note: Separator and max split are optional parameters.
split() method splits the string at each whitespace character (space, tab, newline, etc.) and returns a list of the resulting substrings. By default, if no argument is provided, it splits at any whitespace character.
You can also provide a specific separator as an argument to
split(), for example
my_string.split(',') to split the string at commas instead of spaces.
Example Split string on whitespace in Python
A simple example code split a string into a list.
txt = "Welcome to the Eyehunts" x = txt.split() print(x)
split string by single space
str = '63 41 92 81 69 70' # split string by single space chunks = str.split(' ') print(chunks)
Output: [’63’, ’41’, ’92’, ’81’, ’69’, ’70’]
Do comment if you have any doubts and suggestions on this Python string topic.
Note: IDE: PyCharm 2021.3.3 (Community Edition)
All Python Examples are in Python 3, so Maybe its different from python 2 or upgraded versions.
Degree in Computer Science and Engineer: App Developer and has multiple Programming languages experience. Enthusiasm for technology & like learning technical.


Goals for Special Education Teachers
Special education teachers work with students with varying disabilities, which include learning disabilities such as reading and math disabilities, mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, visual impairments, hearing impairments, ADHD, emotional disturbances and physical disabilities such as cerebral palsy and spina bifida. Most commonly, children with special needs within the public school district receive the majority of their instruction in the regular education class with nondisabled peers, but those children with severe cognitive impairments may receive instruction in a self-contained classroom with other severely impaired special needs students.
1 Meet Individual Needs
Each child with special needs must have an individualized education plan (IEP). The special education teacher both writes and implements the IEP. Special education teachers should always accommodate special needs children so that they can succeed academically. In addition, special education teachers should modify class work for special education students. Special education teachers who work with inclusion students who spend most of their day in a regular classroom should ensure that the regular education teacher knows how to accommodate the student and modify work for the student as well.
2 Forge Relationships
Special education teachers need to bond with the special needs students. Bonding with students helps to motivate students to try their best and allows students to feel comfortable asking for help.
Special education teachers should also aim to create a good, working relationship with parents. Parents should feel comfortable contacting the special education teacher with concerns and suggestions.
3 Track Progress
Special education teachers should track the progress of all students with IEPs on a regular basis. At the very least, students should be assessed at the end of each grading period. Teachers should inform parents about the student's progress through progress notes and report cards.
4 Maintain Appropriate Paperwork
An important goal for all special education teachers involves keeping paperwork updated and organized. Special education paperwork includes IEPs, eligibility paperwork, re-evaluation paperwork, progress notes, report cards, copies of parent communication and student work portfolios.


Introduction: Wireless (RF) Remote Controlled Servo Based Pan/Tilt Using Arduino With Adjustable Position Setting
This project uses an Arduino and a pan/tilt working with servo motors. The servo motors are controlled by the arduino. The potentiometers adjust the position of the servos. When a channel is activated, the LED lights up and the servo is run (either pan or tilt). When the channel is OFF, the servo goes back to the original position. The RF (wireless) module used is a latch type, 4-channels.
I initially used an Arduino Uno but then replaced it with an Arduino Micro since it could be placed on a breadboard.
Step 1: Gather Your Components
315 MHz RF receiver/transceiver (from Adafruit):https://www.adafruit.com/product/1096 I used the latch type.
- Arduino. Micro or UNO.
- Power supply: Battery or Elego breadboard compatible power supply. It is important to power the servo motors separately since they might draw too much current.
- Potentiometers (10k)
- Mini pan/tilt kit from
Step 2: Upload the Code to Your Arduino
The status LED attached to port 13 on Arduino tells if the RF channels are activated. I used either channel A or B.
The potentiometer readings enter the analog inputs of Arduino.
Question 3 years ago on Introduction
Where is circuit diagram?


The localization of motor functions within the cerebral cortex has a long history, dating back to the demonstration in 1870 by Fritsch and Hitzig that weak electrical stimulation of the cortex of the dog could evoke movements of the contralateral limbs. At about the same time, Hughlings Jackson made careful clinical observations of the convolutions of epileptic patients, including his own wife. Epileptics often have a spasm of the muscles that may spread sequentially from, for example, the fingers up the arm to the shoulder. Hughlings Jackson realized that the March of the seizures along the limb (Jacksonian March) might reflect some physiological event sweeping across a topographical map of the body within the brain. These ideas were later confirmed by experiments, initially on dogs and monkeys, in which the cortex was stimulated with brief electric shocks. In 1906, Sherrington showed that movements could be evoked most easily from an area now known as the primary motor cortex, and this finding was extended by Penfield in the 1950s, who demonstrated during brain surgery on epileptic patients that the body was topographically mapped on the surface of the human motor cortex (Fig. 37.1). More recently, the unknown events that Hughlings Jackson predicted were shown to be waves of neuronal activation which spread across this topographical map.
|Title of host publication||Neuroscience in the 21st Century|
|Subtitle of host publication||From Basic to Clinical|
|Number of pages||22|
|ISBN (Print)||1461419964, 9781461419969|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Nov 2013|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Rabble-rousers, agitators, and revolutionaries.
Throughout American history, people who worked to radically change society have been criticized, arrested, and even killed. Rebels and Revolutions: Real tales of Radical Change in America for ages 9 to 12 explores the lives of five firebrands who used muskets and marches, boycotts and lawsuits in their struggle for justice.
Rebels and Revolutions: Real tales of Radical Change in America for ages 9 to 12 explores the lives of the following five firebrands who used muskets and marches, boycotts and lawsuits in their struggle for justice.
When he was only 15 years old, Joseph Plumb Martin committed treason when he joined the Continental Army to fight for American independence. Sengbe Pieh’s fight for freedom took him from the bowels of a slave ship to the nation’s highest court. During World War II, the Fair Play Committee, made up of Japanese American men, refused to comply with the draft as long as the United States government had their families locked up simply because of their Japanese heritage. In the days of the segregated south, Claudette Colvin was denied the most basic rights because of her black skin. One day, this teenager decided she had had enough and she refused to relinquish her seat on the bus to a white woman. After a childhood of toiling in California’s fruit and vegetable fields, Cesar Chavez challenged the power of the agricultural industry, becoming a voice of hope for thousands of poor migrant workers.
Young readers will be inspired by these five rebels who refused to accept the status quo. They acted boldly, provoked change, and fundamentally changed American history.


Concerned about how your children may be affected by bullying? Want to help your child learn to fight off school bullies? Dr. Quratulain Zaidi, a clinical psychologist in the city’s Central district, treats bullied children. She says bullying is a huge problem in Hong Kong schools and workplaces. Recently she’s noticed a disturbing trend.
“I’m seeing victims as young as seven, and that’s worrying,” she says.
Learn more about bullying in Dr. Zaidi’s recent contribution to this article in the South China Morning Post.
Dr. Quratulain Zaidi (BSc. Hons, MSc, MSc, PhD) is a mother and a member of the British Psychological Society and British Association Counselling & Psychotherapy and abides by the Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychology. She has lived in Hong Kong and Singapore for 12 years. She specialises in assisting families with issues including parenting, teen issues, Cybersafety, marriage guidance, post natal depression, stress and anxiety disorders, depression, bullying, eating disorders, OCD and self-harm. She is an expert in educational assessments and learning challenges in children, for example ADHD, ADD, Dyslexia and ASD.


Compound Past and the Poet
Passé composé in Alfred de Musset's "Tristesse"
A grammatical and linguistic analysis of the poem “Tristesse” by Alfred de Musset, with special emphasis on the use of the passé composé, and an English translation.
Maximes de La Rochefoucauld
A fairly easy text for practice reading French: a selection of maxims by that king of the form, the 17th-century French moraliste François de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680). Introduced, glossed, and translated.
A dialogue purporting to be the oral examination of a French student being tested on André Gide's la Symphonie pastorale. Good and easy practice of French question-forms. Also, a funny satire highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the French educational system.
The first poem in Le Spleen de Paris (1869), Baudelaire’s collection of poems in prose, and the easiest poem he ever wrote. A series of questions and answers that, according to a likely interpretation, examine the nature of the poet.
Poem 33 in Baudelaire’s collection of prose poems le Spleen de Paris. Short and simple, this text embodies the poet’s rage to escape from this world by any means.
Anywhere Out of the World (N’importe où hors de ce monde)
Prose poem #48, in which Baudelaire presents himself searching throughout the world for a place where his soul and he can be at peace. (It turns out there is no such place.)
Petits problèmes et travaux pratiques
Questions of the sort that a French lycéen(ne) is altogether likely to encounter. Or not.
De l’inconvénient d’être né: Selections
A selection of dark but memorable aphorisms from Emil Cioran’s 1973 De l’inconvénient d’être né. With glosses and English translation.


Talk topic: Why we need to rethink the way we see fashion.
Fashion is deeply rooted in culture and our individual perception of identity. Fashion reflects the spirit of our times and is the closes way we can connect to art and culture. However, clothes we choose to wear often do not align with our values. In the 21st century, consumerism and fast fashion got woven in the fabric of our culture. While fast fashion democratized fashion and allowed everyone to communicate through clothing regardless of their economic backgrounds, the modern fashion industry came with major social and environmental costs.
Moreover, with clothing costs going down, we stopped valuing the art and craft of fashion making and often forget about the amount of natural resources that go into the garment production. Global Fashion Agenda and BCG estimates that textile waste is estimated to increase by 60 percent between 2015 and 2030. A study by WRAP shows that extending the life of clothing by an extra nine months of active use would reduce carbon, waste and water footprints by around 20-30 percent. Thus, working towards increasing the active life of the garments is a significant opportunity in driving the fashion industry towards sustainability. It is a huge opportunity to make a difference! However, to achieve this, we need a cultural shift.
In her talk, Dr. Monika Hauck will contemplate on how she lost and regained passion and meaning in the fashion industry!
Dr. Monika Hauck
Social activist, entrepreneur, and open innovation researcher – Dr. Monika Hauck is the founder of Change Room, a knowledge and community platform, which connects sustainably driven fashion entrepreneurs and innovators with conscious consumers as well as established businesses. She is a strong proponent of sustainable and inclusive entrepreneurship and is a City Ambassador of a British social enterprise Fashion Revolution. Born and raised in Lithuania, she experienced the breakdown of the Soviet Union and could observe the effects that communism system had on the popular culture as well as societal relation to fashion and crafts. Monika stated traveling the world at the age of fifteen working as an international fashion model.
Now, after ten years of a break and a Ph.D. in Innovation Management, she returned to the fashion industry with a purpose to promote more sustainable and inclusive fashion production and consumption practice. A polymath and contrarian, she is active as a speaker, educator and strategic advisor to startups and established organizations.


Mounting research suggests vitamin D deficiency may actually be the cause of influenza. People with low vitamin D levels have significantly more colds and cases of the flu.Scientific review confirms vitamin D optimization boosts immunity and cuts rates of cold and flu.
Among people with vitamin D levels below 10, risk for flu was cut by 50%.To prevent flu in one person, 40 people must receive a vaccination whereas the ration is 1 in 33 taking Vit D. If you are severely deficient , supplementation can be as much as 10 times more effective as the vaccine according to some studies.
Vit D actually causes anti viral peptides to be released in the lungs themselves. Obviously we all want to follow the sanitization procedures such as washing hands, covering mouths and staying home if ill. Knowing that soap causes a breakdown in the viral wall is something to strongly consider when washing your hands as it helps destroy the virus.
At this point unless your Vit D levels are around 60 I would advise a daily dosage of 12-15 K IU per day for the next 4-6 weeks as a preventative measure against infection. This should reduce risk when added to sanitary measures.
The lethality of CV has initially been estimated as high as 7%. At this point in time it sits at 1-2% and I think in time it will be at 1% or a little less.
You may get the latest here: United States Coronavirus: 4,243 Cases and 75 Deaths – Worldometer
|United States Coronavirus: 4,597 Cases and 86 Deaths – WorldometerUnited States Coronavirus update with statistics and graphs: total and new cases, deaths per day, mortality and …|
Most likely we will see a spike in cases over the next week or 2 and again don’t let the media throw you into a panic. There was none of this regarding the Swine flu in 09 for those of you who remember that pandemic.
Please keep in mind that this virus has an affinity for immunocompromised individuals and the elderly.
We are ensuring all surfaces are sanitized regularly and are providing wipes for those who wish to have them. We will have normal office hours and you can schedule online here.
Regards and stay healthy
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A ubiquitous group of mycobacteria found in the environment are known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These are opportunistic pathogens that can cause disease in people, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Being able to distinguish between NTM and tuberculosis (TB) represents a major challenge. Are the immune responses to NTM and TB similar? This was one of the objectives of a paper published in the 16th October 2014 edition of PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases. The authors report on immune responses in children with NTM and compare with immune responses in children with TB. They found that even though NTM exposure rarely caused a symptomatic infection in healthy individuals, NTM carriage or transient repeated exposures elicited some of the same immune responses as TB infection and caused modulation of TGFbeta1, a cytokine important for controlling immunity to pathogens. The authors state: “NTM exposure modulates TB-relevant immune biomarkers in the host by eliciting some of the same immune responses as MTB infection.” This may well be very relevant when evaluating immunological correlates of protection in the setting of new TB vaccine trials as well as identifying new cellular-based TB diagnostic biomarkers. However, it could mean that individuals infected with NTB may have pre-existing immune modulation that may interfere with natural immunity to tuberculosis.
Dhanasekaran, S et al. 2014. Effect of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria on Host Biomarkers Potentially Relevant for Tuberculosis Management. PLOS.


Following an endorsement from the independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board this week, Moderna, Inc. officially began the third phase of trials for its mRNA Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSC) vaccine candidate this week.
The safety greenlight was based on preliminary Phase 2 safety and tolerability data of mRNA-1345, which studied its effects on adults 60 years old and older. That data found the vaccine’s safety profile acceptable, supporting its wider application among approximately 34,000 participants across multiple countries for Phase 3.
RSV is a common respiratory virus that usually manifests with cold-like symptoms. Recovery takes for most between one to two weeks, but among the young and old especially, its effects can be more severe, causing pneumonia and respiratory distress. Approximately 177,000 people are hospitalized each year in the United States due to the virus, and about 14,000 adults older than 65 die.
“RSV is one of the most widespread respiratory viruses, causing severe disease and hospitalization in older adults, and yet there is no vaccine available on the market,” Stéphane Bancel, CEO of Moderna, said. “We believe that our vaccine candidate against RSV has the potential to protect against over 1 million infections globally each year, improving quality of life for those at high-risk of becoming infected and reducing the burden on health care systems. An mRNA vaccine against RSV could have a positive impact on individuals, communities, and global public health. Our ultimate goal is to combine our RSV vaccine with our COVID-19 and flu boosters into a single-dose booster.”
RSV, like flu, tends to be seasonal, striking primarily in fall, winter, and spring. The introduction of COVID-19 appears to have changed up those normal transmission patterns, however, leading to unusual levels of infection and a special health alert from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – an especially concerning state of events, given that no approved vaccine for RSV currently exists.
Phase 3 of Moderna’s study will focus on mRNA-1345’s safety and efficacy in adults at least 60 years old, with eventual licensure of the vaccine as an end goal. At the same time, preclinical studies have shown that its seasonal flu, RSV, and COVID-19 booster vaccines could be combined into a single dose and produce immune responses to all six antigens, prompting further examination.