The Biden administration is finally putting firmer pressure on governments using child soldiers. On October 3, it announced that a majority of the 12 governments implicated in using child soldiers would be ineligible for certain categories of military assistance until they addressed the problem.
In 2008, Congress passed a landmark law, the Child Soldiers Prevention Act, which withholds certain types of US military assistance from governments using children in their forces or supporting militias that recruit children. The law is designed to pressure governments to end child recruitment and release children from their forces.
In some cases, it’s worked. For example, after the US announced it would stop providing training for military battalions in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Congolese government signed a United Nations action plan to end its recruitment and use of child soldiers. In the decade since, the UN has documented only a handful of child recruitment cases by Congolese government forces.
In many other cases, however, US administrations – including under both Barack Obama and Donald Trump – waived the law’s prohibitions for governments using child soldiers, citing national security as a reason to continue military aid. According to the Stimson Center, these waivers have allowed governments using child soldiers to receive over US$7 billion in arms sales and military assistance since 2010. It found that only 3 percent of aid prohibited by the Child Soldiers Prevention Act was actually withheld.
The result is that countries exploiting children as soldiers have little incentive to change their practices. For example, Somalia has received waivers for 10 years straight, allowing over $2 billion in US military assistance. Not surprisingly, the security forces continue to recruit child soldiers. Last year, the UN documented 135 cases of child recruitment by Somali army and police forces.
This year, for the first time, the White House gave no full waivers to the countries on its list, meaning that at least some military assistance will be withheld from governments using child soldiers. Seven of the 12 countries received no waivers at all, a record high.
While this is progress, four countries using child soldiers will receive at least $234 million in US military aid next year. The US needs to make clear to these countries that if they want aid beyond next year, they need to stop using child soldiers.


The Seneca Falls Convention
The women’s Seneca Falls Convention was held in 1848 with the aim of calling to the attention the bondage and unfair treatment of women in society. It was the initial women’s rights convention held in the US under the organization of women who actively took part in the abolition and temperance movements. The main leaders of the convention were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Wellman 3). In 1940, they met during the World Anti-Slavery Convention, but they could not be allowed to participate in the convention, which opened their eyes about the bondage of women.
The women who led the convention understood that freedom and liberty was anchored on enjoying the same rights in society like men because both genders are created equal. Women, like men, have inalienable rights given by the creator and should not be infringed. They also understood the need for the freedom from the injustices that men and the society inflicted upon them (Wellman 6). The women felt they had a duty to secure their freedom and liberty, including the rights to participate in the election processes.
The main tool that the feminists used to promote their cause was organization and petitioning. In this aspect, they called for the US women to come together and petition for their rights to be promoted and respected. The conventions backed the women’s suffrage movement. The efforts called upon the support of men to advance the course (Wellman 15). Involvement of the men played a critical role in the influence of the feminist movement in ensuring greater freedom and advancing the rights of women, including female enfranchisement.
Wellman, Judith. The Road to Seneca Falls: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the First Woman’s Rights Convention. University of Illinois Press, 2010.


The janitorial crews that clean offices, schools and hospitals work hard for their money. They often have long overnight shifts, and those who work during the day often have to steer clear of the students, workers and patients.
A study published last year by the University of California at Berkley is opening eyes across the country about the rate of workplace injuries for janitors. The study looked at the reasons behind the stunning statistics and found the main contributing factors.
The research indicated that in 2015, a single janitor was responsible for cleaning between 50,000 and 60,000 sq. ft. an evening. One of the revelations indicates that it is not only the amount of space that needs cleaning but what fills the space that proves difficult. Cubicles, desks and equipment pack the floor space, which results in more bending, lifting and getting cleaning tools in and out of uncomfortable spaces.
Time of day worked
The study also revealed that 88 percent of janitors work overnight. Continuing this practice over long periods of time results in a change in the circadian rhythm of the body and brain. Often, these same people enjoy weekends awake during the day and sleeping at night. The transitions between sleeping and working at night can cause excessive exhaustion and mental strain.
Being a janitor means moving for hours on end. Many of the study participants reported that the physicality of the job takes a major toll on feet, ankles and legs. The lower back is also deeply burdened by the constant bending, lifting and walking associated with the duties of janitorial staff.
Mental strain and stress also run high, mostly due to the three factors above. Adjusting sleep cycles constantly, dealing with increasing and challenging square footage, as well as the overall exhaustion the body faces are all issues janitors and cleaning crews face. Understanding and taking measures to avoid these things may help when it comes time to deal with incidents of workplace injuries.


COVID-19 has shed light on the role of cellular immunity in the absence of humoral response in different patient groups. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by impaired humoral immunity but also an underlying T-cell dysregulation. The impact of T-cell dysregulation on cellular immunity in CVID is not clear, and this review summarizes available literature on cellular immunity in CVID with a particular focus on COVID-19. Overall mortality of COVID-19 in CVID is difficult to assess, but seems not significantly elevated, and risk factors for severe disease mirrors that of the general population, including lymphopenia. Most CVID patients have a significant T-cell response to COVID-19 disease with possible cross-reactivity to endemic coronaviruses. Several studies find a significant but impaired cellular response to basal COVID-19 mRNA vaccination that is independent of an antibody response. CVID patients with infection only have better cellular responses to vaccine in one study, but there is no clear association to T-cell dysregulation. Cellular response wane over time but responds to a third booster dose of vaccine. Opportunistic infection as a sign of impaired cellular immunity in CVID is rare but is related to the definition of the disease. CVID patients have a cellular response to influenza vaccine that in most studies is comparable to healthy controls, and annual vaccination against seasonal influenza should be recommended. More research is required to clarify the effect of vaccines in CVID with the most immediate issue being when to booster the COVID-19 vaccine.
Keywords: COVID-19; Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID); hypogammaglobulinemia; opportunistic infection (OI); vaccine.
Copyright © 2023 Løken and Fevang.


(c) illustration by Yaxin Zhang, Year 8
An Introduction to the Floxmingo
Written by Professor Elsie
The rare floxmingo, or Phoenicopterus Vulpes, has long, orange, flamingo-like legs. Its torso is that of a fox, yet pink, and with feathery wings and a wing span of 95-100 cm. It has a fox-like pink head with large, pointed ears and a long muzzle with a wet, jet black nose. The floxmingo’s eyes can be brown, yellow, pink, or orange. The tail is long and furry with an orange patch on the end.
The floxmingo resides in forests near water in New Zealand, North America, and Europe. It tends to be found standing in lakes on one leg and catching fish. It is an omnivore as it eats krill, small fish, berries, and mice. The floxmingo lives in a small group, called a party. They dig many burrows in their territory.
The sounds it emits are squeaks, tweets, squawks, barks, and yelps. The floxmingo grooms itself with its mouth, and grooming each other is a sign of affection. They are scared of humans, and often stay out of our way. The floxmingo is critically endangered, with only 637 individuals left. It is essential that we cease any activities that cause further habitat destruction and help the floxmingo.
by Elsie O’B, Year 5
Our young writers love creating fantastical creatures and writing "scientific" reports. Scientists and writers both take notice of the details and select specific words.
(c) Write On and Elsie, 2021


World Kidney Day 201914 March 2019
In its 14th year, World Kidney Day 2019: Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere, focuses on the disparities and inequities that exist in kidney health.
This year’s global campaign aims to highlight the burden of kidney diseases and the need for advances in prevention and management. Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere calls for universal health coverage (UHC) for prevention and early treatment of kidney disease.
In alignment with the UN SDGs, the work of WHO Europe and other partners working to advance UHC policy at EU level, EKHA supports this call.
Primary prevention measures and early detection are of critical importance in managing the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). As with other comorbid chronic conditions, many risk factors and barriers to access are linked to social and environmental determinants like poverty, gender, education, employment, geography, pollution etc., which further disadvantages society’s most vulnerable. In Europe when care is sought, inequalities persist for patients in the availability of Renal Replacement Therapies (RRT). And while transplantation is widely acknowledged as the most cost-effective treatment for CKD, patients in some member states have a higher chance of being a donor recipient, owing to national efficacy in the coordination of available organs for transplantation.
EKHA is committed to advancing EU policies that support, healthy lifestyles, screening and early diagnosis of high risk individuals, equitable access to cost effective treatment that can prevent or delay disease progression, regardless of geography. Our work this year is especially focused on advancing the issue of Organ Donation and Transplantation in the EU, through DG SANTE’s EU Health Policy Platform Thematic Network cycle.
We hope you will join us in supporting the call for Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere by advocating for concrete measures at EU level that improve kidney care.
For more information on World Kidney Day 2019, visit: https://www.worldkidneyday.org/2019-campaign/2019-wkd-theme/
Or join the Twitter discussion online: @EKHA_EU #WorldKidneyDay


Hydrogen peroxide can help whiten and reduce bacteria in teeth, but it depends on the concentration used. You can buy a bottle of 3 percent concentrated solution at your local drugstore, but studies have found about ¼ that concentration (0.75 percent) can significantly reduce bacterial adherence in the mouth. Higher concentrations such as 1.5 or 3 percent have been shown to not make a statistically significant difference.
As for whitening, hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching agent and as a result can help whiten your teeth. In fact many whitening products have hydrogen peroxide in them, so buying the solution alone at the store can provide for a cheap alternative.
There is a downside though. Research done by the National Institutes of Health find that hydrogen peroxide rinses are associated with mucosal abnormalities, and as a result hydrogen peroxide is not recommended for oral care by some government studies. Minor discomforts such as dry mouth, tooth sensitivity, and soft tissue irritation also occur from rinsing with hydrogen peroxide solution.
Dentists use higher concentrations for whitening procedures, but take precautionary measures through use of protective gels or rubber dams to cover the gums.
When at the store, look for teeth bleaching products that have the American Dental Association’s seal of approval. The ADA does not recommend long-term unsupervised use of hydrogen peroxide as a cleaning agent for your teeth, especially when used at higher concentrations.
For a powerful whitening treatment, consider our Zoom! Teeth Whitening procedure. In just a single visit to Greenspoint Dental your teeth can get up to eight shades whiter. Contact us today to find out more or to schedule your appointment.


Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Enzyme Immunoassay Test Kit
425.00 €Go to shop
Old catalog number
research antibodies, ELISAs, recombinant proteins, vectors and reagents for laboratory use
Enzymes are cleaving the substrate. If the substrate is DNA they are called restriction enzymes. Activating enzymes will cut off the domain that is biological active to become functional.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) kappa or Fc specific antibody is a kind of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has only been found in mammals. IgE is synthesized by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε chain containing 4 Ig-like constant domains (Cε1-Cε4). IgEs play a role in allergy and response to parasite infection. High levels of IgEs caused by parasites can lower the allergic reaction of patients to allergens common present in the human environment. As such the parasite history of an allergic patient needs to be taken in consideration as a positive factor.


THE HISTORY OF THE BREED
The Pinto horse® originated in Spain and was introduced to North America by Spanish and other European explorers. The Spanish explorers brought over Barb horses that had been crossed with other European breeds including Russian and Arabian strains, which are thought to give the horses their color patterns. When the Spanish herds were brought to North America, these horses mixed with the wild horses and were later domesticated by the Native Americans.
Later, when the West was being tamed, the pioneers had to cross their refined European horses with the wild herds to develop a stockier and heavier muscled horse that would be more suited to the rugged and arduous conditions.
Often referred to as piebald or skewbald horses in literature about the Wild West, the Pinto horse® was a favorite among American cowboys and Native Americans. Many famous Pintos include Tonto’s Scout, Little Joe’s Cochise and Frank Hopkins’ Hidalgo.
The Pinto Horse Association® started from a grassroots movement to selectively breed horses for good color and conformation. Several horsemen in the 1930s formed the Pinto Horse® Society with the purpose of breeding superior colored horses. The registry they created is the basis of what is now known as the Pinto Horse Association of America Inc.®
It took several years and several more organizations to form today’s PtHA®. Tired of the discrimination Pintos received in the show ring, Kay Heikens, Helen Hammond and other Pinto lovers decided to start a new organization and registry. The determined group finalized their hard work on May 18, 1956, in New Jersey when the PtHA® was incorporated.
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?
A frequently asked question about the Pinto is "What's the difference between an American Paint horse and a Pinto Horse?" American Paint horses are limited to registered bloodlines of Paint, American Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred horses, whereas the Pinto can be from an array of bloodlines including the Arabian, American Saddlebred, American Miniature Horse, Tennessee Walking Horse and American Shetland Pony to name a few.


Clan MacKenzie Tartan
All the Mackenzie tartans are variants on that worn by the regiment raised for the British army in 1778 by the clan chief Lord Seaforth (the 78th Foot). The variations are those of the shade or tone of the green and blue colours that make up the background upon which the red and white stripes are set. As with many tartans, the nature of the dyes used can cause considerable such variations - vegetable dyes producing lighter colours than modern chemical dyes. After the two regiments that had been recruited in the late 18th century by chiefs of Clan MacKenzie (the 72nd & 78th Foot) were merged in 1881 as the "Seaforth Highlanders", they wore the Modern MacKenzie Tartan which is sometimes therefore called the Seaforth Tartan. Though the four basic MacKenzie tartans (Ancient, Modern, Weathered, and Dress) are now standardised, they still vary in set sizes and tones from weaver to weaver, so look at the offers of a number of weavers online, then view samples of your choice in a shop or get a swatch sent to you before committing yourself to any particular one.
78th Highlanders (Seaforth's)
A reproduction of the 78th Highlanders Tartan.
Experts differ on exactly what the original tartan looked like, but this interpretation of it
was specially woven for the Clan MacKenzie Society of Scotland from whom it can be obtained.
Ancient MacKenzie or MacKenzie in Old Colours.
"Old Colours" are those made using lighter vegetable dyes.
Modern MacKenzie or MacKenzie in New Colours.
"New Colours" are those made using darker chemical dyes.
This is how the tartan is supposed to have looked after having been buried during the post-Culloden proscription of tartan.
Dress MacKenzie in Modern Colours.
The white bands can also be added to the Ancient tartan to make another variant.


What happens to the brain when you become a mother?
May 12 is Mother's Day in many countries. Becoming a mother is no mean feat: brain scientist Elseline Hoekzema has shown that a woman's brain changes drastically during pregnancy. She explained how in TV show De Kennis van Nu.
‘It’s like a tsunami of hormones sweeping through a woman’s body during pregnancy,’ says Elseline Hoekzema in the programme. And all these hormones have a significant, lasting effect on a mother’s brain. Its anatomy changes, and this effect is visible even two years after the pregnancy.
Watch the episode on ‘Mom brain’ (in Dutch)
In this episode of De Kennis Van Nu (broadcast on 6 February 2019) presenters Diederik Jekel and Elisabeth van Nimwegen investigate what happens to the brains of new parents. Leiden brain researcher Elseline Hoekzema shows how a mother’s brain changes drastically during pregnancy, and neuroendocrinologist Peter Bos explains how fathers are not let off the hook either: in them the carer’s brain is activated. Professor of Clinical Child and Family Studies Marian Bakermans is researching whether more skin-on-skin contact triggers the release of ‘cuddle hormones’. Aaf Brandt Corstius, Leonie ter Braak, Sofie van den End and Lucas van de Meerendonk talk about the big changes they underwent when they became parents.


THE KINSALE CLOAK
Ann Marie Coghlan AGI Affiliate (FamilyPast&Place.com)
The ‘Kinsale Cloak’ is a generic name for the distinctive overgarment worn by our women ancestors in Kerry, West Cork and Waterford. Used by urban and rural dwellers, it is a sign of the wearer’s personal wealth and status as well as a useful protection against the Irish elements. It is made of tightly woven woollen cloth and usually also lined in wool. The distinctive Hood is made to a local design.
The Cloak is handed down mother to daughter as an heirloom. It may form part of her dowry and in this case will be made to measure for the Bride. It is not unusual to see late 19th and early 20th century family photographs of women wearing their cloaks and were still being photographed as daily wear in 1960s.
In 1920s Specialist Tailors of Cloaks were charging between £10 and £20 for a new cloak. Miss Buckley of Castle St Macroom was the Tailor of Cloaks for Macroom. Miss Mary Kirby of Bandon charged up to £20 for the wool fabric and 5 Shillings to make up the Bandon Cloak. She retired in 1940.
Photographs of the wearers and more information can be found in the National Folklore Collection at UCD. Waterfordmuseum.ie has useful images in their photo archive. Other contemporary records include the Von Sydow Photograph Collection at Duchas.ie and Michael Collins’1922 Election Campaign on Pathe News.
See also the ‘Fans of The Kinsale Cloak’ group on FaceBook.


You’ve heard about antioxidant rich foods, but not 100% sure what they are and how they can help with fertility, or support a healthy pregnancy?
Let’s get science-y for a moment.
Free radicals are electrically charged molecules that pass through cell membranes and can wreak havoc on genetic material, proteins and enzymes.
Oxidative stress is caused by free radicals and is capable of causing cells to lose their structure, function and can eventually kill the cell(s).
Our bodies are overwhelmed with oxidative stress from elements such as: pollution, infection, smoking, drinking, poor diet, just to name a few of the common ones.
How can you tell if you have free radical damage?
It may present itself as pain from joint degeneration, aches from malfunctioning muscles or accelerated aging.
This is your first line of defence and balances out the damage done by free radicals.
The most familiar form of dietary antioxidants are Vitamin C, E and beta-carotene.
As well as other dietary antioxidant substances such as phytonutrients, which function above and beyond traditional vitamins.
Other naturally occurring antioxidant activity comes from enzymes and trace minerals selenium, Copper, iron, zinc and manganese.
So how do you keep the balance in your body?
Consume a well balanced diet rich in fresh vegetables, fruits, healthy fats, protein and whole grains. And look to some high quality antioxidant supplements if you need extra support (make sure to check with your health professional if you’re pregnant).
Some antioxidant rich foods include:
*Try to get local and or Organic if possible
+Dark chocolate (as dark as you can get, I like 80%)
+Kale / Spinach*
Think bright and colourful fruit and veg!
Here’s a smoothie that is high in antioxidants:
- Coconut water
- Lime juice
Blend and enjoy!


The end of assisted immigration
There was a fresh wave of immigrants from Scotland after 1945. But the end of assisted immigration in 1975 curbed the flow. By the time the last major influx of migrants stopped in 1976, Otago and Southland were no longer predominantly Scottish centres. The Scottish population was fairly evenly distributed around New Zealand. However, Scottish traditions remained strong in the south.
Words of Scottish origin
The dialect spoken by the Lowland Scots of south and east Scotland is called Lallans, and is entirely different from the Gaelic spoken in the Highlands. There is also a dialect in north-east Scotland called Doric. The Lallans dialect has left its mark on the English spoken in New Zealand. ‘Wee’, meaning ‘little’, is the most common word of Scottish origin still heard. The popularity of ‘-ie’ or ‘-y’ as a suffix, as in ‘wharfie’ (waterside worker), ‘footie’ (the game of rugby football) and ‘shrewdie’ (a shrewd person), is also a legacy from colloquial Scots.
A variety of occupations
Until 1975 the country’s attraction as a land of economic opportunity motivated Scots to journey to the far side of the globe. One woman who arrived at the age of 15 with her family after the Second World War reflected later that if she had stayed in Scotland, she would have had little respite from post-industrial working-class hardships. Despite being wrenched away from friends and familiar places as a teenager, she believed she had gained a better life.
Almost half of Scottish people living in New Zealand in 2013 had professional or managerial occupations. Around one-third worked in trade and manual occupations.


Understanding your results
Common terms and numbers you may see on a CBC report and what they mean are on this chart:
|Test Name||Units*||Normal values#||Comments|
|WBC (white blood cells)||x 1000/mm3||5–10||Number of infection-fighting cells|
|RBC (red blood cells)||x 1,000,000/mm3||4.2–6.1||Number of RBCs|
|Hgb (hemoglobin)||g/dL||12–18||Measure of RBCs, which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide|
|Hct (hematocrit)||%||37–52||Percentage of blood made up of RBCs|
|Plt (platelets)||x 1,000/mm3||150–450||Number of platelets. This number helps show risk of bleeding|
|BMI (Body Mass Index)||kg/m2||18-25||Classification of body weight|
|BP (Blood pressure)||mmHg||<120 systolic (top number); <80 diastolic (bottom number)||Force used by the hearth to circulate blood|
Level of sugar in blood
|Cholesterol||mmol||<5.2||Level of fat in blood|
Note that results are often given in short form, as shown on this table. For instance, a WBC result may be shown as 6.2 rather than 6,200, which is why the Units column shows multiplying by 1000 (x 1000), sometimes abbreviated as K.
RBCs are often shown as multiples of a million, sometimes abbreviated as M. The /mm3 stands for cubic millimeter, which is the same as µL (microliter). Grams is shown by the letter g, and dL means deciliter.
# These numbers range vary somewhat among labs. By getting a copy, you can also see what the normal ranges are for the lab that tested your blood and where your numbers fall within that range.


In the previous post I talked about the mathematical model. Is that viable? No. Parts: Vacuum: To produce the vacuum needed a turbomolecular pump, chosen by producing high vacuum (0.00133 Pascal) and speed of work (3500 L / s) is used. Column pitcher: Where the vacuum occurs and the load is. Charge: To prevent excessive
Continue Reading “Launching rockets 2”
I desperately need a new Arduino UNO board (my old one burned wile recording UV levels outside (I live in Spain, pretty sunny)) <- Wait is that a double parenthesis? That’s crazy. Inception… The shadow blister effect is another example of millions of years of evolution and how our brains prefer to imagine simple things
Continue Reading “Idea: Analysing the Shadow blister effect”
An idea I had when I was very young, can we launch rockets just using pressure and no fuel? The answer is: without a big explosion no, we can’t: The idea of using air pressure to create a positive force capable of launching a rocket had already been put into practice in small homemade “rockets”.
Continue Reading “Air pressure to launch rockets?”
So here you have the results: You can deduced them very easily, 90% boring protons… 🙂 but with a little bit patience (a lot actually) you can see very amazing things: Two electrons Two muons An Alpha particle A Beta particle, not kidding! PD: To capture the photos I configured the camera to keep shooting photos.


Episode number 4 of Series “The Civil War”.
The war is in its third year and enthusiasm for the fighting has fled. In their awful camps men are dying of disease at the rate of two for every one slain in combat. Yet the struggle goes on. Robert E. Lee devastates the Union at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville but at great cost. At Vicksburg Ulysses S. Grant lays siege to the rebel stronghold, slowly throttling the South’s lifeline. Meanwhile General Lee prepares to invade Maryland and Pennsylvania, thereby setting the stage for the war’s greatest battle.
How to watch
In ACMI's collection
Armed Forces, Military, War & Weapons → United States - History - Civil War, 1861-1865
Documentary → Documentary films - United States
Economics, Philosophy, Politics, Religion & Sociology → African Americans - Civil rights
Educational & Instructional → Educational films
History → African Americans - History
Black and White and Colour
VHS; Access Print (Section 1)


Kai Tak International Airport operated in Hong Kong from 1925 to 1998. It was an unusual airport even for the small planes of 1925, built inside a bowl surrounded by mountains. The city grew up around the airport until it was ringed by skyscrapers as well as mountains. Then as commercial airline traffic increased, a runway was constructed outward into Victoria Harbor in 1958. Runway 13/31 eventually became the single busiest runway in the world, with 36 takeoffs and landings per hour. And those landings were so terrifying, a name was coined for them: the Kai Tak Heart Attack.
An aircraft with clearance to land on Runway 13/31 began its approach across Victoria Harbor, home to one of the world’s busiest ports, and densely populated Kowloon. Upon sighting “Checkerboard Hill”—an orange-and-white painted marker above a park—the pilot veered right. This low-altitude, 47-degree turn took place at nearly 200 miles per hour, just two nautical miles from the runway. From there, the aircraft shot over apartment buildings and bustling streets—in addition to plane-spotters on the roof of Kai Tak’s parking garage, before the wheels touched finally touched down, probably with an audible sigh of relief.
Typhoon season only complicated those maneuvers. Read about the erstwhile Kai Tak airport and see pictures taken through its history at Atlas Obscura.


It’s full speed ahead for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), as it shatters its own records one after the other, achieving record luminosity, record numbers of bunches and a record beam lifespan.
Some 2076 bunches of 120 billion protons are currently circulating in the ring in each direction. At the end of June, beams were maintained in the accelerator for a record 37 consecutive hours! But the main indicator of success for the operators is luminosity, the measurement of the number of potential collisions in a given time period. On 29 June, peak luminosity (the number of potential collisions per second and per surface unit) exceeded 1034cm-2s-1. This number may not mean much to most of us, but it made the LHC operators very proud as it corresponds to the ultimate objective defined by those who originally designed this huge machine!
The result is a torrent of data for the experiments. “At present, we are providing an integrated luminosity of 2 inverse femtobarns of data per week,” says Jorg Wenninger, who is in charge of the LHC operations team. The inverse femtobarn (fb-1) is the unit of measurement for integrated luminosity, indicating the cumulative number of potential collisions. One inverse femtobarn corresponds to around 80 million million collisions.
On Wednesday, the ATLAS and CMS experiments, which take the most data from the LHC, passed the threshold of 10 inverse femtobarns (fb-1) of integrated luminosity for 2016. The goal for 2016 is to reach 25 fb-1.
These huge volumes of data are causing much excitement in the experiments. Physicists are adding new data to their analyses and actively preparing their results. The next goal will be to present the first results from the 2016 harvest at the ICHEP 2016 conference, which will take place at the start of August in Chicago in the United States.


The tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Tea tree essential oil is both an antiseptic and antimicrobial, shown to help relieve minor cuts and scrapes, microbial and fungal infections, including athlete's foot, fungal nail-bed infection and yeast infections, soothe insect bites, and alleviate a wide range of skin conditions, including acne and dandruff.
Of all the plant chemicals that make up tea tree oil, terpinen-4-ol is the main active antimicrobial compound. It disinfects and protects against microbes by causing damage to the cell membranes of pathogens so that they are unable to multiply and cause disease. Tea tree oil is especially valuable as an antimicrobial because unlike traditional antibiotics, it does not appear to lead to resistant bacteria.
Each mL (20 drops) contains:
Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) (leaf) 100% Pure
• Avoid all topical use of Tea Tree Oil on cats and dogs. These animal species appear to poorly tolerate Tea Tree Oil leading to possible serious toxicity. As well, oral use in pets should also be avoided.
• For external use only
• Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. In case of accidental contact, rinse immediately with water
• Discontinue use if rash or irritation occurs
• For children under 18 months of age or those with sensitive skin, an allergy patch test should be performed prior to use
For occasional use only.
Antiseptic: Dilute by adding 1 mL of product to 19 mL of warm water. Cleanse skin thoroughly before applying the product. Apply once daily to affected areas or as recommended by a physician.


Robert Stern, the Dean of the Yale School of Architecture, is an American author, architect, and preservationist. Stern's buildings have something of a throwback style, and he draws inspiration from[…]
Women, Stern says, are often pulled away by the desire to have a family.
Question: Why are there so few women architects?
Stern: Oh my god I’m gonna. . This is a complicated . . . Architecture schools are . . . like Yale have basically 50/50. Maybe fewer women than men, but not many. And that’s been true of architecture school since I began to teach pretty much. It was definitely not true when I went to architecture school, which was a boy’s club for sure. But women come to the critical points in their career when they embark upon motherhood. And architecture is a totally time consuming – disproportionate to any amount of any amount of money any architect is paid – business. Plus the global reach of architecture today demanding unbelievable amounts of travel – national and international travel – has added to the complication. And so women find it harder. They get torn between their desire to have a family and be with their family and pursue their profession. And I think that’s really the reason that, in the long run, women are not seen where they should be at the top of the profession. Because certainly in terms of their talents and their professional skills, there’s no difference between men and women.


A new blood test is capable of identifying genetic markers for eight major types of cancer. Though it only correctly identified cancer 70% of the time, this so-called “liquid biopsy” is a minimally invasive way to screen for cancer when no symptoms are present. It is at this stage cancer is at its most treatable, and at $500 costs no more than a colonoscopy, mammogram, or other cancer screenings.
The importance of such a test cannot be overstated in the fight against cancer. Insidious cancer cells can essentially lie dormant for 20-30 years before they grow into large, spread out masses that are difficult or impossible to eradicate. By identifying the cancer in its nascent stages, it can be usually be readily cured using radiation, surgery, or other common treatments. The difficulty lies in identifying the cancer DNA in patients blood, which is often present in miniscule amounts, and even when identified it can be difficult to trace the tissue of origin.
The eight major cancer types being screened here account for 60%, or 360,000, of all cancer deaths in the US last year, and there is nothing more critical to their effective treatment than an early diagnosis. Though as you can see from the accompanying chart, detectability varies; but this methodology is a work in process with large-scale human trials set to begin soon.
The research comes out of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and has been published in the journal Science. As this research begins large-scale human trials it will be evaluated for its utility in hospitals and doctors offices. The hope is that the principles underlying this methodology can be expanded to identify more types of cancer, and with greater accuracy. We may never be able to cure late stage cancer, and the treatments are often ghastly; but if the disease can be identified before it even forms tumors, the cancer can very likely be cured.
Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, Thoburn C, Afsari B, et. al. (2018) Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. Science. 359(6378): 926-930
One Reply to “Liquid Biopsy, Detecting Cancer DNA Before Tumors”
Interesting! Hopefully this will contribute more to preventive measures.


1960-1961 Pony Express Route April 3, 1860 – October 24, 1861
Regular price $ 285.00
Unit price per
By: American Pioneer Trails Association
Dimensions: 10.25 x 29.8 inches (26 cm x 75.7 cm)
This interesting vintage pictorial map depicts the route for the Pony Express, which runs from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California. Each of the 184 stops along the 1,900 mile route is noted. Vignettes of places through which their route passed denote such scenes as wagon trains crossing prairies, an enormous herd of buffalo with a small group of indigenous warriors in pursuit, riders approaching forts.
“Wanted:Young, skinny, wiry fellows not over eighteen. Must be expert riders, willing to risk death daily. Orphans preferred. Wages $25 per week.”
Thus read the apocryphal advertisement which, whether historically accurate or not, succinctly conveys the dangers faced by Pony Express riders. Few images are more familiar or powerful of the American West in the mid-1860s than that of the lone rider galloping the across hostile Indian territories. While the image of the riders is well-known, actual reliable information regarding the Pony Express is scarce.
Despite this, the Pony Express is one of the most celebrated and enduring chapters in the history of the United States. Though the service was active for only a short time, its activities resulted in a story of the bravery, bravado, and entrepreneurial risk which wove together to create the very fabric of the Old West. This pictorial map was commissioned in commemoration of the Pony Express Centennial.
Condition: This map is in A condition, backed with linen for preservation and presentation purposes.
1932 S. Halsted St. #200 Chicago, IL 60608 | P: (312) 496 - 3622


The Senate is considering legislation to let the federal government set a “cap” limiting the amount of carbon dioxide each business may emit. A company discharging less than its allowance could sell or “trade” its unused portion to another firm that had reached its limit. Hence cap and trade.
This is supposed to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced by burning oil, coal and natural gas. Utilities, manufacturing and transportation rely on these fossil fuels and will face heavy taxes. President Barack Obama predicted electricity rates would necessarily skyrocket. Remember, 86 percent of Ohio’s electricity comes from coal-fired power plants.
The U.S. House, with Zack Space’s help, passed cap and trade in 2009, ostensibly to save the planet from man-made global warming, a theory thousands of reputable scientists dispute. Since the planet has cooled slightly during the past 10 years, the phrase climate change now is preferable to global warming. That way, fossil fuels can be blamed for any weather — drought, floods, blizzards, hurricanes.
Last fall’s Climategate scandal revealed prominent scientists in England and at Penn State had falsified data supporting their global warming claims and conspired to suppress research contradicting their conclusions. Their fraudulent science was the basis for many countries’ efforts to reduce their carbon dioxide levels. (Yes, the same carbon dioxide that humans exhale and trees use for photosynthesis.)
There’s big money in grants funding global warming research. Carbon trading is a multibillion dollar business; fly your private jet and pay for planting trees to offset your carbon footprint.
China and India refuse to slow their booming economies by limiting carbon dioxide emissions. Cap and trade will give Washington life-and-death power over every U.S. business, further crippling our economy and destroying thousands of jobs.
Tell Sens. Sherrod Brown and George Voinovich to vote against cap and trade. Vote against economic suicide.


Lady in the Theater Box by an unknown artist led to the identification of the six other artworks as Nazi looted art
The Badische Landesmuseum in Karlsruhe, Germany has announced that it has identified seven Nazi looted artworks within its collection. The discovery follows a four-year-long audit of the museum's entire collection, specifically looking for Nazi looted artworks, reported Die Welt.
The six paintings and one late Gothic sculpture had been kept in one of the museum's warehouses for over 70 years. The provenance researcher at the museum, Katharina Siefert, established that the works belonged to a Mannheim-based Jewish family.
The works were confiscated by the Nazis when the family moved from Amsterdam back to Mannheim. However, Siefert and her team were not able to accurately identify the owners, or their heirs, by name. The works have thus been entered into the central, LostArt database as Nazi looted art.
The researchers initially found the artwork Lady in the Theater Box by an unknown artist on a list of so-called "non-arian property," which led to the subsequent identification of the five landscape paintings and the sculpture. A receipt, dated 1943 and signed by then-director of the Karlsruher Kunsthalle, Kurt Martin, confirmed that the artworks had been confiscated from a Jewish collection. Martin served as an expert for the Reich's Ministry for Art and Museum Objects. He was responsible for deciding which artworks came into the museum collection and which artworks were put on the market.
The Badische Landesmuseum has requested that anyone with information about the artworks or their provenance will come forward to help identify the rightful owners.
See the works here.http://news.artnet.com/in-brief/new-trove-of-nazi-looted-artworks-found-in-german-museum-146512


Intertrappean beds exposed between upper and lower traps of the Government and Sunnamrayalu quarries of Rajahmundry were analyzed based on benthic and planktic foraminifera, ostracodes and algae observed in thin sections. Planktic foraminifera indicate deposition occurred in the early Danian Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina (Pla) zone shortly after deposition of the lower trap flows. The most diverse planktic assemblages were deposited in limestones of the middle intertrappean interval and indicate an upper Pla age, or subzone Pla(2), as marked by the co-occurrence of P. eugubina, Globoconusa daubjergensis, Parasubbotina pseudobulloides and Subbotina triloculinoides. Reworked late Maastrichtian planktic foraminifera are common in a limestone interval and suggest erosion of uplifted Cretaceous sediments. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages indicate deposition occurred predominantly in shallow inner shelf to brackish environments. Similarly, ostracodes indicate variable environments ranging from inner neritic to brackish with fresh water influx, as also indicated by the presence of fresh water algae. These data confirm an overall deepening from restricted shallow marine to estuarine, lagoonal and finally open marine conditions followed by abrupt emersion and paleosoil deposition prior to the arrival of the upper trap flows at or near the base of C29n.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||Journal of the Geological Society of India|
|State||Published - Jun 2010|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Andhra Pradesh


When: Friday mornings at 8:40
Anchor: James Patrick Riley
Browse the The History Segment archives.
In The History Segment, we take a fascinating look back at pre-Revolutionary New Hampshire. One thing we’ve noticed is that many of the issues faced by the colonists at the time are very similar, if not identical, to the issues we face today as a society and nation. What’s more is that because James Patrick Riley is a bona-fide historian with intimate knowledge of the period, we also learn about how these issues were perceived, debated and handled. What could be better in this time where the people of the United States of America, a people James Madison said needed to be educated and moral to make the Constitution drafted by him and ratified by our founding colonies, are largely ignorant of our history, heritage and founding principles?
Also, from time to time, we feature local historic associations, societies, museums, events, activities and restorers. We’re always happy to feature those who locally are doing the heroic work of historic preservation, education and OOOHHH sooo much more!
About James Patrick Riley:
James Riley is the owner/operator of Riley’s Farm in Oak Glen, California and the creator of “Courage, New Hampshire,” a television drama seen on PBS stations across the country. The father of six children, Riley performs “Patrick Henry” and supervises a living history program visited by hundreds of thousands of school children. He holds a degree in history from Stanford University.
Publisher’s note: Courage, New Hampshire has aired in several PBS market in the country and on INSP, the Inspiration Network but it hasn’t aired specifically in New England. let alone in New Hampshire. Help us persuade New Hampshire Public TV to step up and air the series that tells the fascinating tale of pre-Revolutionary New Hampshire. We can’t for the life of us figure out why they’ve not aired the show. Who knows, maybe it’s too politically incorrect to tell tales of your home state’s days gone by! Click here and politely ask they air the show! Thank you!


Betty Cranmer, UK Royal Air Force Nurse
As a mere teenager during the Second World War, Betty Cranmer would aid in the recovery of severely burned patients, typically pilots, but not exclusively. She would serve under the guidance of Sir Archibald McIndoe, a pioneer in the plastic surgery, and reconstructive surgery world. During her time of service, Cranmer would come in contact with armed forces and civilian casualties, as well as experience face to face contact with German planes during the Battle of Britain. She would meet hundreds of servicemen, listen to them, and learn their stories. Her experience, in effect as a nurse, provides a unique insight into the medical and home side of the war.
Betty Cranmer was born on August 29, 1921 in London and was raised in the outskirts during the interwar period. She originally had an interest in working with children, but after graduating from a technical high school would instead begin work as a volunteer nurse at a local hospital working with burn victims. During the Battle of Britain, her family retreated out of London and into the countryside. With the outbreak of the war, she enlisted in the Royal Air Force. She did her basic training at Blackpool in Northern England. Although she aspired to service in the medical field on air bases, she was sent to the Queen Victoria Hospital in East Grinstead, Sussex that specialized in treating burn victims. She would take care of patients daily, giving them brine baths, re-bandaging their wounds, and taking them out for walks in town. On one such trip, with an American pilot, Frederick “Henry” Mahn flying for the Canadian Air Force she would take him to the cinema, and on their way back would encounter a German bomber - his survival is evocative on "The Life of Pi". This American would later propose to her, and the two would marry in 1944. The couple would have two kids before he succumbed to war related injuries in 1946. Betty would move to Colorado in 1946 to live with her late-husband’s family. There she would remarry and have four more children. In addition to raising her family, Cranmer would work as an assistant kindergarten teacher. Faith has played a significant role, of the lives of Betty and her late husband, Chappell Cranmer, who was a man of the cloth. She has also recounted her experiences in, “Journey to Joy: A Memoir”.


Internet terminology might as well be Greek for a lot of folks. But at Safelink, we pride ourselves on making internet easy.
That’s why we thought we’d take a moment to tackle one of our most frequently asked questions.
As the name implies, a wireless internet service provider (WISP) enables you to connect to the internet without a physical link between your computer and an internet access point.
Unlike DSL or fiber internet services, you don’t need to have cables or wire installed. Instead, your computer accesses the web using a signal sent out from a transmission tower (logically enough, the area where your computer can pick up this signal is called the “coverage area”).
Wireless internet is extremely popular in rural and suburban areas where fiber and cable internet options are not available. If you live in a rural area, you have most likely seen a wireless internet transmission tower, like the one pictured on this page. Safelink subscribers can access internet from these towers with their transceiver equipment provided by Safelink.
Another common source of confusion (understandably!) is the difference between Wireless Internet and WiFi.
The term WiFi was originally shorthand for “wireless fidelity,” a now outdated technology. However, the term is still used to refer to wireless local area network or WLAN a type of networking you can use to connect to the publicly available internet connections you might find at a local coffee shop or internet cafe.
Since most new devices, such as computers and video game consoles come with built-in WiFi transmitters and receivers, you can use your devices WiFi to connect to wireless internet service provided by a wireless internet service provider, like Safelink.
Basically, Wireless Internet refers to the type of internet service, while WiFi refers to the mode of connection to the internet.
For information on our various Wireless Internet services, check out these pages:


Expected Standards Learn to Swim Framework
Stage 4 Outcome 1
Perform a sequence of changing shapes (minimum of three) whilst floating on the surface and demonstrate an understanding of floating.
Learners must ensure controlled, flowing/ linking movements throughout the sequence, whilst pausing at each shape and ensuring a minimum of three shapes within the sequence.
An understanding of floating can be achieved through teacher/learner discussion and by showing understanding through use of equipment/via activity e.g. use of games such as ‘go to a piece of equipment that can help you float/sink.’ The following equipment may be used in an activity: water bottle, float, brick, star float, swimming through a hoop.
Up Next in Stage 4
Stage 4 Outcome 2
Starting position may be two hands on the wall or no hands on the wall with learner standing arms out in front ready. Arms cover the ears, hands one on top of the other and face in. Hips/bottom move upward as the learner pushes downward toward the floor. This should not be a surface dive but a gr...
Stage 4 Outcome 3
Stage 4 Outcome 4
Long legs with a small splash, the kick originating from the hip and hips near the surface of the water. Loose ankles throughout. Must ensure no use of hands. Face may be in or out of the water.


Civic engagement. Discuss justice and its relationship with civic engagement; Pls get scores from Lynn liberay Engage in an initial examination of social impact as a form of civic engagement; Explain abolitionist Henry David Thoreau’s concept of Civil Disobedience and how it relates to civic engagement and provided the foundation for understanding all modern American protest movements; Discuss how surviving the Holocaust transformed survivor Elie Wiesel into a tireless advocate for nonviolence, human rights, and the condemnation of bystanders; Discuss how the life of former slave Sojourner Truth exposes societal injustices and promotes civic engagement through women’s right to vote; Explain how Ida B. Wells anti-lynching crusade exemplifies how activism combats injustice. Civic engagement necessitates an awareness of the wider world and a sense of one’s own role as a world citizen. To be a global citizen, one must: 1) respect and value diversity; 2) have an understanding of both current and past social systems; 3) be passionately committed to social justice; 4) participate in the community at a variety of levels, from the local to the global; 5) work with others to make the world a more equitable and sustainable place; and 6) take responsibility for one’s actions. This section will explore important texts that demonstrate the symbiotic relationship between civic engagement, social impact, and justice.
Click here to request for this assignment help
Save your time - order a paper!
Get your paper written from scratch within the tight deadline. Our service is a reliable solution to all your troubles. Place an order on any task and we will take care of it. You won’t have to worry about the quality and deadlinesOrder Paper Now
The post Civic engagement. appeared first on My academic Support.


Magda Gerber’s approach to respectful care of infants and children begins with the idea of seeing infants, from the moment they are born, as whole, competent people. This approach named the RIE philosophy, or Resources for Infant Educarers has a simple core belief: respect infants by seeing them as capable participants in their world (Gerber, 2013, p. xv). The guidelines of this theory seem intuitive but in practice are often countercultural and are occasionally difficult to put into practice without significant perspective shifts. This approach has now been established as a non-profit organization with the primary goal of teaching families respectful parenting. With this approach, Magda Gerber founded the Program for Infants and Toddlers (PITC), a program for low-income and at-risk children. The PITC program inspired the framework of many future infant and toddler childcare programs. Learning technical principles and research from the Family Systems Theory related to attachment theory, conflict, and power in family dynamics might allow parents and educators to better understand and put into practice the principles of RIE. This understanding will ultimately promote more respectful care of young children.
How to Cite:
LaMonica, M., (2022) “How Understanding Family Systems Promotes the Respectful Care of Children”, Arizona Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, 88-95.


Do Dental Implants Require Special Care?
Dental implants offer patients a number of benefits, one of which is convenience. Not only does a dental implant look and function like a natural tooth, it also requires minimal adjustments to a patient’s existing oral care routine.
Because dental implants are directly linked to the jaw and require no additional support from surrounding teeth, patients can brush and floss dental implants just like their regular teeth. There are no appliances to restrict access to the gumline, unlike with a bridge.
Although dental implant patients can maintain a typical home oral hygiene regimen, they should alert the dentist and dental hygienist to the location of the implant. Dental professionals may need to adjust their techniques or use specialized instruments when cleaning or examining the teeth.
As is the case with any restoration, you should also use common sense when chewing or biting with your dental implant. Any hard item that could damage a biological tooth could harm the prosthetic that is anchored by the implant. Avoid chewing on ice or non-food objects, and don’t bite directly into hard foods.
Although dental implants do not require much additional care in comparison to natural teeth, they do require that the patient maintain the good oral hygiene habits that promote overall oral health. Brushing and flossing to limit the presence of plaque and tartar are essential, as the oral bacteria that cause gum disease can threaten the long-term stability of the dental implant. The dentist may recommend adding a mouthwash to further reduce the presence of bacteria.
The surgical procedure that the dentist performs to place dental implants also causes minimal disruption to a patient’s daily life. Patients typically are able to resume their normal routines within a week or so after the surgery.
Dental implants should not require much more care than their biological neighbors do. When planning for dental implant placement, discuss your post-operative routine with our dental team so that you will be prepared to give your dental implants the care they need for a maximum lifespan.


On the east-west axis of Alanya, there are the ruins of many ancient cities, some of which are built on the seashore and some on steep rocks. The ruins of the ancient city give clues about the lifestyle of the people who lived in the region. Excavations are ongoing in most of the ancient cities, and some ancient cities can be visited free of charge. It is suggested that those who want to visit the ancient cities and ruins could walk among the weeds next to the stony and rocky areas and should dress accordingly.
Hagia Sophia (Colybrassus) Ancient City
Although there is no clear information about the history of the ancient city of Hagia Sophia, which is located about 30 kilometres northwest of Alanya city centre, the historical ruins show the signs of Roman and Byzantine periods. The ancient city of Colybrassus is one of the most important historical ruins that survived to the present day and the temple with the Ionic corner head, the sarcophagi in the necropolis and the rock tomb are remarkable. The rock tomb in the ancient city of Colybrassus is of monumental value and can be reached by an 18-step ladder. The burial chamber consists of a single chamber and is decorated with eagle motifs.


Mealybugs are perhaps best known as pests of indoor plants. But occasionally mealybugs strike outdoors flowers and shrubs. The striped mealybug, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell, is one such pest that has been showing up in Texas gardens this summer.
Mealybugs are pests that feed on plant sap. Most are white in color, from a white wax produced by special glands on the tops and sides of their bodies. The patterns, form and length of the waxy filaments on mealybug bodies help us identify the different species of mealybugs. The striped mealybug is identified by two dark rows of punctures on the top (dorsum) of the insect, two long waxy tails on the end of the body, and fine needle-like rods extending out from the body, like a bad haircut.
While feeding, all mealybugs produce a sugary excrement that drops on leaves and stems and makes plants appear sticky. Once a leaf or stem is coated with this sticky secretion, known as honeydew, it eventually turns black as a result of black sooty mold growing on the sugary coating. The same type of excrement is produced by aphids, scales, and other sap-feeding insects.
Look for striped mealybugs on the stems, under leaves, on flower buds and in the leaf axils of infested plants. Because of their behavior of settling the protected crevices of plants, and their waxy coverings, don’t be surprised if you find these bugs difficult to control with insecticides.
Soaps and oil sprays may provide some control, especially if applied before an infestation becomes heavy. But good coverage is essential, as soaps and horticultural oil sprays only kill insects that are sprayed directly. Also, expect to need to spray several times. If certain parts of the plants are more heavily infested, pruning these stems prior to spraying may be helpful. Systemic insecticides like imidacloprid or dinotefuran are very effective on most sap feeding insects when applied as a drench to the soil. These products would be my first choice against a tough mealybug infestation.


why is visibility important?
For many gender diverse people, a lack of representation, role models, and community can be isolating and make it difficult to feel proud in our identities.
Trans Day of Visibility is a day of pride and celebration for gender diverse identity, achievements, and community. For a community that is too often underrepresented, TDOV is about reclaiming space and being visible on our terms.
what is #TDOV?
Trans Day of Visibility was started by activist Rachel Crandall in 2009 as a reaction to the lack of recognition of trans people, noting that the only well known gender diversity centered day was the Trans Day of Remembrance, a day of mourning.
TDOV was created as a day to acknowledge and celebrate living members of the transgender community. International Transgender Day of Visibility has been held on March 31 ever since!
Trans 101 is a gender diversity crash course all about what it means to be trans, and how to make the world and better, safer, happier place for trans and gender diverse people!
Kindred is a slice-of-life animated short about the everyday lives of trans people, and a celebration of what makes us unique.
What are pronouns?
What pronouns are, why they matter, and how to use new ones and support your trans friends!
We operate across lands belonging to the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung, Taungurong, Dja Dja Wurrung, and Wathaurung peoples of the Kulin Nation. Transgender Victoria pay our respects to Elders past, present, and emerging, and acknowledges that sovereignty has never been ceded.
Website Design By Margot Fink | Illustrations by Emerson Zandegu


In this second part of “This week in Tudor history” for the week beginning 15th February, I talk about how the death of a French duke led to an awful massacre, and how the imprisoned Margaret Douglas heard of her son's murder, as well as introducing a countess who served all six of Henry VIII’s wives and who was close to his daughter Mary, and a noblewoman who managed to give birth twice while imprisoned in the Tower of London.
18th February 1563 - Francis, Duke of Guise, was wounded by a Huguenot assassin at the Siege of Orléans. He died a few days later and his death was a factor in the 1572 St Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
19th February 1567 - An imprisoned Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, is informed of the murder of her son, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, King Consort of Scotland as the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots.
20th February 1552 - Anne Herbert, Countess of Pembroke and sister of the late Queen Catherine Parr, dies at Baynard's Castle. She was buried at Old St Paul's Cathedral in a lavish funeral.
21st February 1568 - Death of Lady Katherine Seymour (née Grey), Countess of Hertford, and sister of the late Lady Jane Grey, or Queen Jane. Katherine was under house arrest at the time for marrying Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, without Queen Elizabeth I's permission.
Here are the other videos I mentioned:
Other Tudor events for these dates:
Leave a Reply


Soil: Mesic (Medium) – Xeric (Dry)
Sun: Full Sun – Part Sun
Height: 2-5 feet
Bloom Color: Pink
Bloom Season: June – August
Suggested Uses: Smooth Rose is a very hardy shrub that is great for naturalized areas and large gardens. It is differentiated from Rosa arkansana (Prairie Rose) by the lack of prickles on new growth. Don’t let this fool you, these plants are still quite prickly! Taller height and more persistent woody growth also distinguish these species. (The above-ground woody growth of Rosa arkansana only persists for a few years before being replaced by new growth.) Both species have similar ranges in Minnesota but Rosa arkansana is more likely to be found on dry prairies.
Native Range: Native to the Upper Midwest and the Northeast. Native throughout the state of Minnesota.
Pollinators: Bees, including the federally endangered Rusty Patched Bumble Bee (Bombus affinis). Birds are attracted to the berries.
Flowers: 5 petaled, pink flowers with many yellow stamens. There are typically 1-4 flowers per plant.
Leaves: Alternate, compound, and have serrated edges.
Other Names: Early Wild Rose
More information: USDA plant profile
Photo Credit: Flickr User gmayfield10
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Dry Soil, Mesic Soil, Summer Blooming, Tall Height
Deer Resistant, Attract Bees, Attract Birds, Shoreline, Erosion Control, Herbal Tea


The cross changes everything, but only because there was also a resurrection. On the cross, Jesus paid the price of sin; at the resurrection, He claimed the victory over sin and death.
Long Live the King
“The king is dead. Long live the king.” -The pronouncement made at the death of a monarch. When a monarch dies the people rightfully proclaim: “The king is dead. Long live the king.” The two statements go together by commemorating the death of the king while also acknowledging the importance, and the beginning, of the new monarch. Together the two … Read More
The King is Dead
Good Friday marks the end of Jesus’ ministry
Save the Goats
Today is Yom Kippur, the day (beginning last night at sun down) observant Jews fast and pray, in remembrance and recollection of Israel’s history.* Though the calendar is littered with opportunities to seek pardon of sin and offence, the Jews, including their places of religious rituals and their priesthood, set aside one day to cover all manner of sins (see … Read More
Easter: The Unexpected Event That Changed History
In that sense, Easter is the greatest joke in history – not because it isn’t an authentic historical event, but because it caught everyone by surprise. The resurrection of Jesus was the surprise ending of Holy Week – the unexpected twist that caught everyone off guard.


Biology A Level
What is A Level Biology all about?
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. It is a highly practical subject with significant teaching time spent in the lab performing experiments, developing both knowledge and scientific skills.
Over a 2 year period, students will study Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genetics, Physiology, Evolution and Ecology which will enable students to pursue a broad range of careers and university degrees.
Examples of careers and courses requiring a foundation in biology include sports scientist, physiotherapist, epidemiologist, food technologist, pharmacologist, personal trainer, nutritionist, biochemist, microbiologist, geneticist, botanist, toxicologist, horticulturalist, wine maker, environmental health officer, product developer, quality control, quality assurance, dietician, nutritionist, haematologist, histopathologist, immunologist, virologist, pathologist, biomedical scientist, environmental analyst, environmental consultant, environmental health officer, environmental planner, forester, oceanographer. Zoology, ecology, immunology, microbiology, biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, cell biology, chemistry, conservation biology, marine biology, evolution, biodiversity, biogeography, animal behaviour, animal science, agricultural science, environmental science, veterinary science, aquaculture, land management, wildlife management,.
The Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology (B) consists of three externally examined papers and the Science Practical Endorsement. Students are expected to carry out the sixteen core practical experiments that are identified in the topics.
- Topic 1: Biological Molecules
- Topic 2: Cells, Viruses and Reproduction of Living Things
- Topic 3: Classification and Biodiversity
- Topic 4: Exchange and Transport
- Topic 5: Energy for Biological Processes
- Topic 6: Microbiology and Pathogens
- Topic 7: Modern Genetics
- Topic 8: Origins of Genetic Variation
- Topic 9: Control Systems
- Topic 10: Ecosystems
Paper 3: General and Practical Principles in Biology – selected from topics 1-10
Biology A Level Entry Requirements
Grade 6 in Biology or 2 x Grade 6 in Combined Science.
Grade 6 in Maths
Examination Board: AQA


As a TechRepublic reader, it makes sense that you have an interest in technology. But interest doesn’t necessarily translate to expertise, and if you’re more an observer of technology than a participant, now is a great time to learn to code.
You don’t need any prior expertise when you get started with Learn the Basics of Coding & Technology. This 15-hour bundle includes 24 lectures from Upskillist, a global online education institution that empowers students to learn new skills in their own time.
As the landscape of technology changes all the time, it’s valuable to build a coding foundation from which to build. In these courses, you’ll explore the fourth industrial revolution, digital society, artificial intelligence and immersive technologies that will change the world in the coming years. You’ll also learn about mobile tech, operating systems and software development. Not only will you delve into the theory, but you’ll also get practical, hands-on practice working with programming languages that are crucial to modern business and society.
If you’re ready to go beyond observer into technology participant, check out Learn the Basics of Coding & Technology. For a limited time, you can enroll for just $20. That’s a fraction of what you’d pay for an in-person course or even other online resources.
Prices and availability are subject to change.


What is the full form and the application of SAP?67 81494
Post New Fashion Technology Accounting General Interview Questions
What is tidy parsing?
Define standard mode?
what is the slide show view?
Once you identify the tool what would be your next steps?
Write a java program to find the route that connects between Red and Green Cells. General Rules for traversal 1. You can traverse from one cell to another vertically, horizontally or diagonally. 2. You cannot traverse through Black cells. 3. There should be only one Red and Green cell and at least one of each should be present. Otherwise the array is invalid. 4. You cannot revisit a cell that you have already traversed. 5. The maze need not be in the same as given in the above example
How do you reset or reseed the IDENTITY column?
List of Test Management Tools??Is Quality Center Test Management tools
Explain what is a stream?
How many types of relationship are there?
Explain Benefits Of Cloud Computing?
What is the difference between a queue and a topic?
What is a listener in networking?
State the total number of pins in the 8085 microprocessor?
What are super global variables in php?
What is qualitative variable?


Nowadays, we have a very large selection of tools for creating 3D visualizations. The choice is only a matter of a 3D designer and the requirements of a customer. The most important thing is what we expect to achieve in our projects.
Let’s start with the technology on its own and how we can split it into groups:
– static visualizations
– 3D animation
– an interactive visualization (Virtual Reality, VR)
It is one of the most basic or fundamental divisions to consider when we think about creating computer graphics.
The static visualization lets us get the best visuals and photorealistic effects. It is mainly used for advertisement and marketing purposes.
Examples of uses are:
– a 3D visualization for website
– printed catalog
– a booklet
– advertising banner
C4D Interior scene
A 3D animation is an extension of a static visualization but it has a form of movement. This kind of form lets us present an interior in a movement and it is interesting for the recipient. Another advantage of a 3D animation is the distinction from the competition. An example of usage is: 3D animation of the camera fly-by through an interior or a housing estate. It will let us make a presentation of investment in every side. See one example of our 3D animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0oByXEHCM4
Interactive visualization and VR. It is the newest technology solution. As the name says, it lets a user for a movement inside of a visualization, interactive change of color furniture or walls. Everything in real-time, of course.
Check out our cinema 4d free models 3D visualizations.


LEXINGTON, Ky. (LEX 18) — Emergency leaders say that videos of the violent shaking caused by earthquakes hitting California are reminders that they can happen suddenly, so you should be prepared. Lexington Emergency Management Director John Bobel says if you think earthquakes can't happen in Kentucky, think again.
The strong earthquakes in California have caused fires to break out and has damaged buildings. California is used to earthquakes, but ones this big don't happen as often. Bobel says that Kentuckians should be prepared in case there were an earthquake.
"If the New Madrid were to shift and create a large earthquake, it would create severe disruptions in Western Kentucky. There would be some disruptions here," said Bobel.
He said that the New Madrid Seismic Zone, which is near parts of the state, is one of the two largest fault lines in the Central United States. Predictions show a big quake would devastate cities like Memphis and even cause issues here in Kentucky.
it is always a good idea to prepare.
"People need to be self sufficient. We certainly recommend that people have enough food, water, and other important supplies like medicines so that they can be self sustaining for at least three days," said Bobel.
If an earthquake does hit, Bobel says to remember, drop, cover, and hold on.


How big of a problem do you imagine identity theft to be? What percentage of Americans do you think have been impacted by it? If you’re like most people, whatever number you selected probably underestimated its impact. In a recent survey conducted by nCipher, it was discovered that nearly 29 percent (17.6 percent) of respondents admitted that their identities had been stolen.
As a percentage, that may not seem like all that much, although it’s certainly disturbing. When you consider that the United States is home to some 330 million people, taking 17.6 percent of that yields the depressingly large number of 58,080,000.
Compare that figure to the 2017 estimate of 16.7 million instances of identity theft, and the rampant growth of this type of crime suddenly comes into striking and dismaying focus. If that wasn’t bad enough, a further 16.5 percent of survey respondents said that they had no idea whether they’d had their identity stolen or not.
It’s certainly not fair to conclude that all of the people in this group have had their identities stolen and simply aren’t aware of it. The simple fact that such a large group of people seem to have little to no awareness of their digital footprint and who might have access to it is beyond disturbing.
The two biggest takeaways from the survey are these:
One: Identity theft is a rapidly growing crime that impacts tens of millions of Americans and it’s growing more common by the day.
Two: A shocking percentage of people have almost no awareness about how secure their digital footprint is, which means they have no real understanding of how to protect themselves from identity theft.
Given the rapid growth in this type of crime, it’s fair to say that sooner or later, most of the people in the second statistic will wind up as part of the first. Make sure you’re not in either group!


ABC aims to build capacity for long-term bat conservation, research and monitoring in Malawi. Central to achieving this aim is the development of a long-term Bats and Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (BMP) to assess the status, distribution of and threats to bats and biodiversity in Malawi.
Standardised monitoring surveys are conducted in different habitat types and landscapes across the country.
Long Term Monitoring
We have permanent survey sites which are monitored using harp-trapping, mist netting and acoustic recording of bat echolocation calls using Song Meter SM3BAT and Audiomoth bat detectors. Habitat and insect surveys are also conducted at each site. These surveys enable us to measure relative species diversity and abundance between habitats. Surveys are repeated each year and season to build long-term datasets allowing us to monitor trends in bat abundance and diversity over time, to monitor population status.
Bats and Biodiversity Database
We have created a bats and biodiversity database to store and record all sightings and records gathered from the ABC research projects and the Bats & Biodiversity Monitoring Programme.
This will provide an effective easy to use conservation tool for wildlife managers to facilitate long-term conservation and monitoring of bats and biodiversity in Malawi. We are training wildlife managers (DNPW) in the use of the database to ensure long-term sustainability.
Sequencing the worlds bats!
We are working with the BAT 1K genome project which aims to sequence the genome of all bats species globally, over 1400 species!.
The main goal of this consortium is to uncover the genes and genetic mechanisms behind the unusual adaptations of bats, essentially mine the bat genome to uncover their secrets. During all our surveys we collect tissue samples from bats to send to BAT 1K to contribute to the global database.
to let us know of any bat
records in Malawi
Fill in this form to let us know of your bat records!
They can be of bats in your garden foraging or roosting bats you know of


Would you like to create shapes like this in PowerPoint?
I like them because they look informal, hand drawn.
They don’t come with PowerPoint, but you can easily create them using the Bézier Curve (Edit Points) feature. This feature is not well known because it isn’t on the ribbon. You do everything with the right-click menu.
In this short video, I show you how to create these shapes.
Here are the steps to create an open circle:
- Draw an oval.
- On the Format tab, choose Shape Fill, No Fill.
- Right-click on the outline and choose Edit Points.
- Right-click the top point and choose Open Path.
You can make further adjustments. For example:
- Drag the right point to overlap at top
- Click a point and adjust the long handles — change their angle and length to see the results
I have more information on Bézier curves in this tip: Create Bézier curves.
You always have new and interesting ideas to give us. Thanks.
This is very useful. Thanks Ellen. One learns something new everyday
Thank you! This was very helpful. I’m going to show it to my class. You will get credit, of course! 🙂
Thank you so much for what you create in the world. Making power points more powerful and useful is a tremendous gift. I am learning every time I go to your website and study the hints and instructions. It’s a fascinating field and sometimes the very fact that I can do something novel is a temptation away from creating text for teaching 🙂 and writing down ideas.
Thanks for your work and generosity from the bottom of my heart
Susann, I’m so glad to be of help. I also invite you to subscribe to my newsletter so that you don’t miss new tips as they come out. Here’s the link: http://ellenfinkelstein.com/ppt_submit.html
I was searching for exactly this and found your article. Great tip, worked perfectly, thank you!
Hi, thank you for this lesson, very useful.
thank you very much. i was looking for this


The summit of Mount Everest is 8850 m above sea level. (a) How much energy would a 90 kg climber expand against the gravitational force on him in climbing to the summit from sea level? (b) How many candy bars, at 1.25 MJ per bar, would supply an energy equivalent to this? Your answer should suggest that work done against the gravitational force is a very small part of the energy expended in climbing a mountain.
The mass of the climber is, m = 90 kg
The energy that the climber gets per bar, E = 1.25 MJ
The height of the summit of Mount Everest, h = 8850 m
The acceleration due to gravity is,
The energy of the climber against the gravitational force from the sea level shows the results that there is a change in potential energy.
Change in potential energy, (1)
The work or energy expanded by the climber to go against the gravitational force to climb to the summit of the mountain is given using equation (1):
W = Change in potential energy
Hence, the value of the energy is .
The number of candy bars that are required by the climber to supply energy is given as:
Hence, the required candies are 6 bar .
An outfielder throws a baseball with an initial speed of 81.8 mi/h . Just before an infielder catches the ball at the same level, the ball’s speed is 110 ft/s . In foot-pounds, by how much is the mechanical energy of the ball–Earth system reduced because of air drag? (The weight of a baseball is 9.0 oz )
A volcanic ash flow is moving across horizontal ground when it encounters a upslope. The front of the flow then travels 920 m up the slope before stopping. Assume that the gases entrapped in the flow lift the flow and thus make the frictional force from the ground negligible; assume also that the mechanical energy of the front of the flow is conserved. What was the initial speed of the front of the flow?
94% of StudySmarter users get better grades.Sign up for free


Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. As the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, Venus can cast shadows and, rarely, is visible to the naked eye in broad daylight.
The surface of Venus is solid and like that of the Moon or Mercury, it is covered with mountains, basins, craters and faults. On the ground, the atmospheric pressure is 93 times higher than on Earth, which flattened all the reliefs as seen in the photos below.
The atmosphere of Venus is 96.5% carbon dioxide mixed with a little water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide and compounds based on sulfur, chlorine and fluorine. In summary, it looks like a polluted and acidic atmosphere that smells like rotten eggs!
The space probes also recorded dozens of lightning and storm rumblings in its atmosphere as well as winds blowing locally at 470 km / h, some clouds circling the planet in 4 days!
In addition, because of this thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide, it is horribly hot and the greenhouse effect is enormous: the ground temperature is on average 485 ° C (against ~ 15 ° C on Earth) but can go up to 900 ° C!
These temperatures and pressures are so extreme that even the metal-built spacecraft that visited Venus broke down after only one to two hours, probably broken or melted circuits!
Like Mercury, Venus is an unbearable planet, a torrid and inhospitable desert on which man will never set foot at the risk of losing his life.
Finally, like Mercury, one can witness transits of Venus in front of the Sun. This is a very rare phenomenon that occurs on average every 120 years. The last transit occurred on June 6, 2012 and the next will take place on December 11, 2117 and 2125. In short, none of us will be there to observe them.


While we like to think of the Pilgrims when we think of Thanksgiving, it was George Washington, as our first President, at the request of our first Congress, who proclaimed the first genuinely national Thanksgiving in the United States, 230 years ago this year. As you gather with family and friends to celebrate, it might be wise to focus on some of the blessings as well as on some of the hopes, to which he pointed:
“That we may then all unite in rendering unto him our sincere and humble thanks—for his kind care and protection of the People of this Country previous to their becoming a Nation—for the signal and manifold mercies, and the favorable interpositions of his Providence which we experienced in the course and conclusion of the late war—for the great degree of tranquillity, union, and plenty, which we have since enjoyed—for the peaceable and rational manner, in which we have been enabled to establish constitutions of government for our safety and happiness, and particularly the national One now lately instituted—for the civil and religious liberty with which we are blessed; and the means we have of acquiring and diffusing useful knowledge; and in general for all the great and various favors which he hath been pleased to confer upon us.
And also that we may then unite in most humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations and beseech him to pardon our national and other transgressions—to enable us all, whether in public or private stations, to perform our several and relative duties properly and punctually—to render our national government a blessing to all the people, by constantly being a Government of wise, just, and constitutional laws, discreetly and faithfully executed and obeyed—to protect and guide all Sovereigns and Nations (especially such as have shewn kindness unto us) and to bless them with good government, peace, and concord—To promote the knowledge and practice of true religion and virtue, and the increase of science among them and us—and generally to grant unto all Mankind such a degree of temporal prosperity as he alone knows to be best.”
–Pastor Don Steele


Osteoporosis is a disease that occurs when the body loses or doesn’t make enough bone. This leads to weak bones that could be broken by a fall or, in severe cases, by just sneezing or bumping into something. Porous bone is a sign of osteoporosis. Healthy bone looks like a honeycomb when viewed under a microscope.
The body constantly absorbs and replaces bone tissue. With osteoporosis, new bone creation does not keep up with old bone removal. Loss of height is a good indicator of bone loss.
Pain Associated with Osteoporosis
When osteoporosis is severe, it can lead to bones breaking and other painful problems. Many people do not know they have this condition until they sustain a bone fracture. Bones are fragile when you suffer from osteoporosis. Fractures can happen even from simple movements that do not seem dangerous, like lifting a bag of groceries, twisting to get out of a car or tripping slightly on a rug.
Indications of bone fracture may be sudden, severe back pain that gets worse when you are standing or walking, with some relief when you lie down. Trouble twisting or bending your body along with the pain can also be a sign of a fracture. You and your doctor have a range of options to choose from to help you find relief.
Pain relief treatments that can help include heat and ice. A physical therapist can help you find a safe exercise program and teach you movements that can help you feel better. Acupuncture, acupressure and massage therapy may help ease pain and tension. Treatment includes medications, healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise to help prevent bone loss or strengthen already weak bones.
If you are dealing with the effects of bone loss, schedule a consultation with the spine specialists at Hanowell Spine Clinic today for effective reliable treatment options.
Posted on behalf of
4142 Mill St. NE
Covington, GA 30014
Phone: (770) 787- 3550
FAX: (770) 787- 2304
Mon-Fri: 8:30 AM - 5:00 PM


Have you ever wondered about the base oils used in skin care products? Maybe you have questioned where they come from, what their characteristics are, or what kind of therapeutic properties they have for external use. There are so many different kinds of plant oils with so many amazing benefits.
There are two kinds of plant oils: essential oils (typically aromatic) and fixed oils (from seeds and nuts). One of the distinct differences between these oils is that essential oils are volatile, meaning they evaporate. The other plant oils are “fixed” oils because they do not evaporate. Most essential oils are not safe to be used directly on the skin because they are highly concentrated and, therefore, are often diluted in fixed oils (which are often called “carrier oils” in aromatherapy).
If you had a chance to read my previous blog post on hydrosols, you might remember that essential oils are distilled from different types of plant material.
The world of fixed oils is not only extensive, but also widely diverse. Did you know that seeds are the source for all of this oil? Seeds have the potential to produce oil once they are fully ripened. Seeds from trees, flowers, nuts, shrubs and vegetables can be pressed for oil.
Let’s focus on a widely known fixed oil - olive oil. Native to the Mediterranean region, olive trees can grow to a height of 25 feet. They begin to produce fruit after 15 years and the trees will live for hundreds of years while continuing to produce fruit during this time.
Popular for its flavor and heart healthy properties, olive oil is liquid at room temperature. Oleic acid, which is the monounsaturated fatty acid named for olives, makes up 70% of olive oil.
Olive oil may have therapeutic properties of being calming and emollient (meaning it has the quality of softening or smoothing the skin). It also contains many beneficial vitamins, including Vitamin E. Olive oil can be effective for:
- Bruises and helping to aid in skin healing
- Insect bites
- Helping to relieve itching of the skin
- Being mildly astringent
- Being mildly antiseptic
Be Green Bath & Body uses olive oil in many of our products! Click on the search icon above and type in “olive oil” to see which products contain this beneficial fixed oil.
As always, thank you for nourishing your skin safely!


The Durango High School Science Department strives to meet the needs of each student at DHS. Our Science Curriculum and teaching methods are designed to prepare students for an increasingly technological society where citizens understand the nature of science and its relationship to, as well as its impact on, society. Our graduates must, at the very least be informed citizens who have the science literacy to contribute to the world and make sound decisions about self and community. Moreover, we strive to challenge our very brightest students who may be future scientist that will help lead mankind into the next millennium. Therefore, the curriculum is designed with choice in topics and levels so students may prepare themselves for the future while challenging themselves in areas of interest.
One of our goals is to provide students with a foundation of science knowledge that can help them make sound life choices, as well as give them a base upon which they may build. To that end, we strive to provide opportunities to practice problem solving and critical thinking, in addition to hands-on, inquiry-oriented laboratory experience that will help students develop skills needed to be contributing members of society. We take pride in challenging students of all levels to develop skills and knowledge that can be used to transform them from being not only functioning members of society, but perhaps to people keenly interested in the sciences. The Science Curriculum is also designed with choice for students interested in the sciences and we take pride in challenging the best and brightest young people at DHS to reach high and become leading professionals who use their science background in their chosen field.
Science is an area where we can use a student’s natural curiosity and interest as a tool to assist us in the continual evaluation, adjustment, and refinement of relevant course offerings and requirements, while maintaining rigor in our expectations. We are dedicated to providing our students with the experience and knowledge necessary to make science useful in their lives; to help them learn new things, and to enable our students to improve not only their lives, but the lives of others.
The course offerings and requirements are continually being evaluated and adjusted to better meet student needs. Please see the links on this website for graduation requirement and suggested paths in science.


History of Architecture 5 (19th century) - BMEEPETA501
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 5. 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE - BMEEPETA501
Lecturer: Ágnes Gyetvai Balogh PhD
Responsible lecturer: Ágnes Gyetvai Balogh PhD
Credit: 3 (2 lectures and 1 practical lesson per week)
Requirement type: mid-term mark
The period of this History of Architecture subject is the “long nineteenth century” from the 1750s to the 1910s. In this era, the architecture and the art turned to the past, to the previous styles using them in a new approach. The architects had discovered the history of art and artistic liberty at the same time. At the turn of the 20th century the art and also the architecture searched for new ways instead of using historical architectural elements or motifs. The changes led to the Modern Movement when buildings were being erected without decoration or ornaments in the first quarter of the 20th century.This period was divided into different eras, but these types of periodization were different in different countries and changed in the course of the 20th century. Besides the question of styles 19th century is important not only because of the appearing of new structures and materials in the architecture but because of the great development in the field of the functional planning. While following the timeline, the classes concentrate on the development of the styles in several areas of Europe (Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia) looking out to the United States of America too because the styles reflected there the European ones.


Tired of repairing small tears and cigarette burns in seat covers? With self-healing upholstery you won’t have to.
Researchers at Newcastle University and Northumbria University have found that mushroom leather, made from mycelium or the root-like part of fungus, has regenerating properties that could one day help torn upholstery repair itself.
“The ability of this regenerative mycelium material to heal micro and macro defects opens interesting prospects for unique product applications in leather-goods replacements such as furniture, automotive seats, and fashionwear,” the researchers said.
Basically, mycelium has chlamydospores, which are spores that help the organism regenerate. When mushroom leather is made, most of the chlamydospores is killed off. But the researchers found a way to put it back in — giving the material the power to self-regenerate, science news website ATI explains.
The healing takes about two days and will often leave a scar, but the fibers will fuse and retain their prior strength, the researchers said.
To be clear, we’re still a long way from this fascinating material hitting the market. There are lots of issues to work out — like, for instance, it’s thinness and ability to withstand the wear and tear of daily use. However, the researchers are already working on ways to enhance its durability.
Numerous industries — including automotive, furniture and fashion — are already looking at mushroom leather for its sustainability. Add self-healing properties to the mix and this could be a dream material for manufacturers.
For auto upholsterers, though, losing the easy money of repairing cigarette burns would suck.
Leave a Reply


Giving Compass' Take:
- Eric Nee highlights that despite higher poverty in rural areas, philanthropic spending is concentrated in America's urban centers.
- What structures would facilitate more equitable distribution of urban and rural spending? How can funding disparities inform your giving strategy?
- Read about fostering inclusivity in rural America.
What is Giving Compass?
We connect donors to learning resources and ways to support community-led solutions. Learn more about us.
The rate of poverty is significantly higher in rural America than it is in urban America. According to the most recent data from the federal government, in 2018 the poverty rate in metropolitan areas was 12.6 percent, while the poverty rate in nonmetropolitan areas was 16.1 percent.
Given this disparity, you would think that philanthropists would be pouring money into rural areas. But according to a US government study of more than 1,200 of the largest US foundations, “the average real value of grants from large foundations to organizations based in nonmetro counties from 2005 to 2010 was about $88 per capita (in 2010 dollars), less than half the average ($192 per capita) given to organizations in metro counties.”
Philanthropists aren’t the only ones ignoring rural areas. The government and business are also guilty. Think about the digital divide. But unlike the public and private sectors, philanthropy has the ability to change where and how it invests quickly, if it chooses to do so.
Read the full article about the urban-rural divide by Eric Nee at Stanford Social Innovation Review.


The Lucy F. Simms School is located at the corner of East Washington Street and Simms Avenue in the city of Harrisonburg. A mission school first addressed the need for an educational facility for the city’s African Americans in 1868, then in 1882 a brick school was built on Effinger Street. The Effinger School was condemned in 1937. A two-story brick school arose between 1938–1939, named for Lucy F. Simms, an African American teacher born into slavery in 1855 on the very land where the school stands. She had a long career as a teacher in the two earlier schools. The Virginia Department of Education provided plans for the building, which rests on a partially raised basement and was originally constructed asymmetrically: the two-story, four-room portion to the right was not built until 1961 because of cost overruns. The Lucy F. Simms School closed in 1966 but has been used since by civic organizations as well as for city administrative offices.
Many properties listed in the registers are private dwellings and are not open to the public, however many are visible from the public right-of-way. Please be respectful of owner privacy.
VLR: Virginia Landmarks Register
NPS: National Park Service
NRHP: National Register of Historic Places
NHL: National Historic Landmark


Michael Bess is a historian of science at Vanderbilt University and the author of a fascinating new book, Our Grandchildren Redesigned: Life in a Bioengineered Society. Bess’s book offers a sweeping look at our genetically modified future, a future as terrifying as it is promising.
“What’s happening is bigger than any one of us”
We single out the industrial revolutions of the past as major turning points in human history because they marked major ways in which we changed our surroundings to make our lives easier, better, longer, healthier.
So these are just great landmarks, and I’m comparing this to those big turning points because now the technology, instead of being applied to our surroundings — how we get food for ourselves, how we transport things, how we shelter ourselves, how we communicate with each other — now those technologies are being turned directly on our own biology, on our own bodies and minds.
And so, instead of transforming the world around ourselves to make it more what we wanted it to be, now it’s becoming possible to transform ourselves into whatever it is that we want to be. And there’s both power and danger in that, because people can make terrible miscalculations, and they can alter themselves, maybe in ways that are irreversible, that do irreversible harm to the things that really make their lives worth living.
“We’re going to give ourselves a power that we may not have the wisdom to control very well”
I think most historians of technology … see technology and society as co-constructing each other over time, which gives human beings a much greater space for having a say in which technologies will be pursued and what direction we will take, and how much we choose to have them come into our lives and in what ways.