When ready to sprout, or germinate, a seed starts to absorb water. It swells up. The embryo sends hormones (called gibberellins) to the seed coat to signal proteins to start making other molecules that the new plant will need to live and grow.
The stored food begins to break down, providing energy to the embryo for growing. Soon a tiny root peeks through one end of the seed. A shoot rises in the opposite direction.
Just as Sleeping Beauty needed a kiss from a prince before she could wake up, some seeds need a cue from the outside world so they sprout when the world is good for growing, rather than in midwinter or during drought.
Hot and cold. Some seeds must be exposed to cold before they germinate. Wild rice seeds, for example, usually need time in cold water. Seeds of false rue anemone, a woodland wildflower, need summer's heat to sprout.
All wet. Chemicals called inhibitors send the embryo of some seeds a message not to grow. When exposed to water, the inhibitors leach away (the way flavor disappears from bubble gum after you've been chewing it awhile) so the seed can sprout.
Right light. Some seeds need a period of darkness. Others need light to sprout.
Rough stuff. Seeds with tough coverings might need roughing up—such as tumbling downstream and bumping into rocks, or freezing and thawing, to crack.
Fungus helpers. To sprout and grow, orchid seeds need certain fungi to supply water and nutrients.
Jack pine cones need heat to open. Heat of a hot summer day can cause some cones to release seeds. But others can only open when a forest fire blazes.


Parents of teenagers know first-hand how hard it is to encourage them to have healthy diets and take part in regular physical
activity or organised sport. Teenagers have so much else going on in their lives and healthy eating/physical activity are not usually at the top of their agenda. We get that. That is why we have developed the Engaging Adolescents in Changing Behaviour (EACH-B) programme, to develop and test a new intervention that aims to encourage young people to eat healthily and move more.
We are rolling out EACH-B in 50 schools across Hampshire and the surrounding areas, and each school will take part as either a control (comparison) school or an intervention school. This is what is known as a randomised control trial, or RCT for short. We will measure the young people’s health status once in Year 8 and once again in Year 9, by asking them to complete a series of questionnaires about their eating habits, their activity levels and their wellbeing. We will also ask them to wear an activity tracker for one week to measure how much activity they do. At the end of the trial we will compare the control school and the intervention school children, to see if there is a difference in these health markers between the two groups. The intervention school children will have been exposed to what we are testing, known as “the intervention” which consists of three main elements:
- specialist teacher training in Healthy Conversation Skills
- teaching of the LifeLab module in school and an activity day at LifeLab
- access to a smartphone app with games to encourage healthy lifestyle choices
For children in the intervention arm of the study, there will also be a parent app so that parents can support their child at home.
If you would like to know more about the EACH-B trial, or would like to find out if your child’s school is taking part, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.org
EACH-B is funded by the National Institute for Health Research, and has full ethical approval from the University of Southampton’s Faculty of Medicine Ethics board: Ethics number 49226


By Kodee Summers
On December 7, 1941, just before 8 a.m, Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, a Naval Base near Honolulu, Hawaii. They destroyed or damaged nearly 20 American naval vessels, eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died and pver 1,000 people were wounded, including civilians. The attack came to a surprise to the Americans, even though they knew Japan would attack due to rising tensions. They thought that they wouldn’t be hit so close to the mainland and one of the islands closer to Japan would be the target. The United States was unhappy with Japan’s increasingly belligerent attitude toward China. Japan wanted to expand into the neighboring territory and take over its import market. At 8:10 a.m, a 1,800-pound bomb smashed through the deck of the Battleship USS Arizona. The ship exploded and sank with more than 1,000 men trapped inside. Torpedoes pierced the shells of battleships USS Oklahoma. USS California, USS West Virginia, USS Utah, USS Maryland, USS Pennsylvania, USS Tennessee, and USS Nevada; all sustained significant damage.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. Although this event was a tragedy, Japan failed to end the Pacific fleet, especially since battleships were no longer the most important naval asset. Aircraft carriers were much more important. The American people were united in their determination to go into war. On December 8th, Congress approved Roosevelt’s declaration of war on Japan. Three days later, Japan’s allies Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.
One of the casualties of the attack on Pearl Harbor was Marvin Shughart, a Cañon City local. Shughart was born February 18, 1917 and was a graduate of Cañon City High School in the class of 1936. He worked for a time at the Cañon Hotel and later was employed in Alamosa. He enlisted in the United States Navy over a year before the attack on Pearl Harbor and held a naval rating as a radio operator. He was the first casualty from Fremont County officially reported after the outbreak of war.


This workbook is for first grade students or those working at that level.
- Lessons emphasize the correct use of lowercase letters in words and sentences.
- Activity pages combine handwriting instruction with other language arts lessons.
- Practice pages teach writing on different styles of lines.
When to Choose
- Your child is learning to print lowercase letters and could use a quick capital and number review.
- Your child is writing words and simple sentences.
- Your child is learning to place letters correctly on lines.
- Your child can copy from a visual demonstration/model.
Other materials that can be used at this level include:
- Slate Chalkboard
- Blackboard with Double Lines
- 1st Grade Printing Teacher’s Guide
- My Printing Book
- Big Sheet Draw and Write Paper
- Draw and Write Notebook
- Wide Double Line Notebook Paper
If Student Is Not Writing at Grade Level
Your student may need extra help with handwriting. Review the criteria listed above, decide which materials would be appropriate for your child, and begin at that level. The teacher’s guides will help you address letter formation, spacing, cursive connections, sentence writing, placement of letters on double lines, and more.
You may need to meet with your child’s teacher to determine the appropriate amount of written work from your child. When a child is learning a new skill, it may be necessary to decrease the amount of written work until your child masters handwriting. If overburdened with writing while having bad handwriting habits, your child will become very frustrated. Allow mastery of handwriting skills before expecting quantity in the work. The teachers’ guides can guide you with troubleshooting.
Products for a Child with a Learning Disability
Our materials are designed to teach handwriting in a developmental sequence. Teaching strategies encourage mastery of certain handwriting skills before progression to the next lesson. This strategy is appropriate for all children, including those children with special needs.
Review the criteria lists above and determine which materials would be most appropriate for your child. Based on developmental ability, an older child may use a workbook designed for younger children.


Exp-1 Diffraction of light by single slit.
Exp-2 Diffraction of light by double slit.
Exp-3 Diffraction of light by multiple slit.
Exp-4 Diffraction of light by fine wire.
Exp-5 Diffraction of light by cross wire.
Exp-6 Diffraction of light by wire mesh.
Exp-7 Diffraction of light by transmission grating.
Exp-8 Diffraction of light by coarse grating.
Exp-9 Diffraction of light by circular aperture (Pinhole).
Principle and Working :
Diffraction phenomenon of light can be observed when a laser beam passes through a diffraction slit. The intensity pattern can be determined using a pin photo detector with fine movement across the diffraction pattern.
In the present setup, the light intensity in the terms of current or voltage is noted at closed intervals by finely traversing the detector movement and observing the light intensity on a digital multimeter. The intensity versus distance curve is plotted on a graph for calculations. The device consists of one meter long optical bench with two transverse saddle for laser and slit mount and one transverse saddle with micrometer for detector. A number of diffraction slits and gratings are provided with this setup.
|Cat No.||Item Name||SK078||SK173|
|CD567||Saddle with micrometer||1||1|
|CH829||Diode laser with power adaptor||1||1|
|SN1016||Pin hole photo detector||1||1|
|SL744||Diffraction slide set (Imported)||1|
|R5199||Set of 13 slides||1|
|SL795||Diffraction grating (15000 lines)||1|


The funding received by individual Authorities varies significantly depending on the amount of Government grant, local council tax and the local need and availability of services, but they tend to be sourced as follows 1:
- central government grants (75%)
- council tax (10-25%)
- fees and charges for council services (10-25%)
Central government grants are dictated by the Barnett formula 2 and are made up of a general grant and specific grants:
- The general grant is largely funded by local business rates income, a tax on business premises collected by local government and re-distributed by central government
- Specific grants are provided to pay directly for individual services, such as schools and housing. Local authorities can only spend this allocated grant money on the specified purposes.
Council tax is a tax collected directly by the Council and is calculated on residential property. Councils must hold a local referendum if they want to raise council tax above a threshold set by central government (two per cent in 2013). 3
Councils also raise funds through some of the services they provide, like rents from social housing, sport and leisure facilities, licensing or collecting fines. Most of these are ring-fenced and used to maintain the services they are collected from, but in some cases they can be used for other services. In recent years Councils have increased their revenue from services with a third of Councils raising more funds from services than Council tax. This can have the negative impact of excluding the most vulnerable citizens from access to services that should be available to all. 4
Central government plans public spending on a multi-year basis through Spending Reviews. Local Authorities find out their individual grant allocations for the next financial year through the Local Government Finance Settlement, which is published in December. Once the settlement has been approved by Parliament in February, Councils know the level of Government funding they will get and can set Council tax and service charges for the next year. The Local Government budget year runs from April to March.


One of the most important sanctuaries of ancient Naxos, dedicated to the god Dionysus and possibly a female deity of nature, was operated at Yria, south of Naxos town and in the middle of the fertile valley of Livadi, between the 14th century BC (Mycenean era) and the Roman period.
Worship was conducted outdoors up until the Middle Geometric period (850-750 BC), when four sequential buildings were constructed with the same orientation.
These were designed to serve the permanent and growing needs of the faithful in an area whose swampy geomorphology presented particular difficulties.
The last of all buildings at the site, a monumental temple constructed around 580 BC (Archaic period), has been restored in the framework of a joint research program involving the University of Athens and Technical University Munich.
The Yria temples on Naxos provide unique and full evidence of the birth of Greek marble island architecture.
This temple was converted into a Christian basilica in the 5th or 6th century AD. Frequent floods, however, caused it to be abandoned and worship was transferred to the neighboring church of Agios Georgios.
The complex included a restaurant for the faithful. Its initial construction phase dates to the early Archaic period and it was replaced by larger buildings during the Classical and Roman periods.
A limited sample of the movable finds found after a long excavation in the area is exhibited in the building of the Museum Collection.
Vassilis K. Lamprinoudakis
|Open daily except Monday||08:30 – 15:00|
|22850 42325, 22850 22725||22850 227285|
|Directions for access||The site is not served by public transport.|
|Parking||A parking area is located outside the entrance to the site.|
|Accessibility for wheelchairs||Accessible for wheelchairs.|


As part of the commemorative activities of the Patriotic Month and in salute to September 2, 1927, the date on which the Army for the Defense of National Sovereignty was founded, the Mayor's Office of Managua, through the Department of Historical Heritage, held a conference on the National War of 1856 and the present 2022, in addition to an exhibition of historical murals.
The keynote address was attended by Vice Mayor Enrique Armas Rosales, who stressed the importance of learning about the events in the history of Nicaragua, "as has been the interference for decades by North Americans in Central America and specifically in our country, each time we are going to meet depth, mainly in these days of national holidays, on this September 14 and 15 ".
The National War of 1856, was a fight in defense of national sovereignty and against William Walker and his ideology that was the Central American "Doctrine of Regeneration", fundamentally based on the reestablishment of slavery in all of Central America.
This conference was given by the historian Clemente Guido Martínez, to officers of the Nicaraguan Army and community leaders of District IV.
“More than a conference, a conversation with fellow leaders from the neighborhoods of Managua, political leaders from this district, committed to Nicaragua, we are showing them 2 murals made by Rolando Bojorge on the Battle of San Jacinto and the National War, on the Independence of Central America, but the idea of coming here is that we delve into the facts, so that we are clear that the National War was not between some filibusters and some Nicaraguans, but rather belonged to an international context, where the South of the United States wanted to dominate Central America to unite the slave causes of North America”.


The headline: Watch the evolution of COVID-19 in all 50 states (and DC) from March to September.
- The COVID rates (weekly cases per million population) are plotted for each state from March 11th to September 23rd. The states plot in order from when they reached their peak rate, starting with Michigan and Vermont who both reached their peak rate on April 10th. The animation wraps up with North Dakota who, as of September 23rd, are currently at their peak rate.
- The states are colored according to the 2016 election result. Red states voted for Trump, with dark-red states having the largest Trump vote percentage. Blue states voted for Clinton, with dark-blue states having the largest Clinton vote percentage.
- Louisiana is the most notable state to have significant peaks in both the first COVID wave (March to early- June) and the second COVID wave (mid-June until present). Other examples include South Dakota and Iowa.
- Nine states have had their peak in the last seven days: Wisconsin, West Virginia, Arkansas, Wyoming, Minnesota, Montana, Utah, Oklahoma, and North Dakota.
The data: COVID-19 data were collected from USAFacts (https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/). Election data were collected and compiled by Charted Territory.
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Photography is a fancy art which needs quite a lot of attention, and abilities of thinking past the bounds of normal human being. Niépce died in 1833 and Daguerre then redirected the experiments towards the sunshine-delicate silver halides , which Niépce had abandoned many years earlier because of his inability to make the pictures he captured with them gentle-quick and permanent.
A big number of photographic methods and media are used within the strategy of capturing pictures for photography. Pulitzer-nominated photographer Natalie Fobes takes viewers into the studio and on location to explore the weather that combine to make an efficient photograph.
Starting Change into a Photographer will pause your earlier path and save your progress. The primary coloration photograph made by the three-coloration technique prompt by James Clerk Maxwell in 1855, taken in 1861 by Thomas Sutton The subject is a coloured, tartan patterned ribbon.
Ultraviolet and infrared movies have been accessible for a lot of many years and employed in a variety of photographic avenues since the Nineteen Sixties. Live performance Photography focuses on capturing candid pictures of each the artist or band as well as the ambiance (including the gang).
Photography majors transfer from a extremely structured program their freshman and sophomore years to a self-determined program in their junior and senior years. Images, both monochrome and colour, might be captured and displayed by two side-by-facet photographs that emulate human stereoscopic imaginative and prescient.


Wednesday 18 Oct 2017
Anti Poverty Week is being observed 16-22 October 2017. It is a reminder that three million working Australians are living in poverty.
In 2014 2.99 million people, 13.3% of the population, were living below the internationally recognised poverty line in 2014, an increase of 1.5% from 2004 (11.8%).
The number of children living in poverty increased from 14.8% in 2003-04 to 17.4% in 2013-14.
ACTU President, Ged Kearney said, "The current minimum wage is not enough to lift all Australians above the poverty, according to the Fair Work Commission Expert Panel.
Roughly three million Australians are currently living in poverty line.
Cuts to penalty rates will only make life harder for 700,000 low-paid workers.
The Turnbull Government has created an environment where working people are having their wages cut at one end and their bills increased at the other, while big business gets a tax cut
Inequality in Australia is at a 70 year high.
Addressing poverty means improving the wages and conditions for working people.
The Turnbull Government is consistently attacking working people, cutting wages and doing nothing to address insecure work and casualisation.
Things are even worse in remote communities where the Turnbull Government is pushing families into poverty and destroying real jobs through the Community Development Programme. Under this programme jobseekers work 25 hours a week with no workplace protections and receive no wages.
The increase in costs of housing and energy are growing far faster than wages, and working people are struggling to keep their head above water."


Sulan Solar SystemAserra is a moderately sized planet in a single sun system known as Sulan. There are seven planets in the Sulan solar system; Verar, Nysen, Aserra, Seret, Enroth, Denbana, and Ler’gar, from the sun outward, respectively. The Sulan system closely mimics our Sol system with the first two planets being too hot and close to the sun to allow for life, with the Earth-like Aserra being the third, and potential life-supporting world of Seret being in the same position as Mars. Following Seret, much like Mars, are a series of gas giants—Enroth, Denbana, and Ler’gar.
Verar, the first planet in the system is a small, lifeless rock that darts around the star at a close orbit, much like our Mercury. At certain times of the year, it can be spotted crossing Aserra’s skies as a yellow star.
Nysen, the second planet, is in a similar position as our Venus. It is a bit larger than Verar, bit still much smaller than Aserra. Lacking a substantial atmosphere, it is rather similar to Verar in environment, if only slightly cooler. It appears as a yellow star across Aserra’s skies at certain times of the year.
Seret, the fourth planet, following Aserra at third, takes the same place as Mars, but does support life. Unfortunately, it is constantly pummeled by asteroids which has so far stunted the evolution of life on the planet. It appears as a pale green star in Aserra’s sky at certain times of the year. Beyond Seret is an asteroid belt, though it is this belt, the orbit of Seret, as well as Aserra’s three moons that protect the planet from many stellar threats.
Enroth is the fifth planet, and one of the three gas giants in the system. Around the same size as Saturn, and is yellow-orange in color. The sixth planet, Denbana, is larger than Enroth, and appears reddish-pink. Ler’gar, the seventh planet, is around the same size as Denbana and is blue.


Swans have only one partner for their entire life. If their partner dies, they could in fact die of heartbreak.
Relationships have always been an integral part in the life of human beings. A person comes to be in a number of relationships in his life; like, a relationship with parents and relationship with loved ones. However, not just human beings are engaged in sharing their love and relationships; but even some other living things share such relationships as well, which the human beings cannot even dream of.
Swans are the creatures which have only one partner for their entire life. They mate with the same partner till the bond is broken either because of death or if any partner is preyed. They are purely the symbol of true love.
The scientists from Slimbridge found that swans, the members of monogamous species could pass away from a broken heart if their partner dies and they don’t find any other partner unless they are widowed. In a study made on swans, it was found that they get another partner after some time of their being widowed or they mourn the death of their partner.
Not only this, swans being the most loving creatures are the most aggressive too. They take really good care of their eggs and young ones. In 2001, a man in Ireland had his leg broken by a swan when he was trying to provoke it.
The world has become modern; all the people moving around the face of the world find it difficult to make time for their loved ones, which is the major cause of separation. However, relationships like that of swans are found one in a hundred or thousand. The swans can teach us a lesson to live a life with love!


Last updated on March 16th, 2022 at 02:30 pm
In this post, let’s solve Numerical problems based on the motion of a charge in a uniform electric field between two parallel plates.
In the case of the motion of a charge in a uniform electric field between two parallel plates, the acceleration is constant because of the constant force, so either the work-energy theorem or the laws of dynamics can be used. (Because the electric field is constant (uniform), the force acting on a charge q is also constant because F = qE.)
Numerical problem set
1 ) An electron enters the electric field between two charged parallel plates, as shown in Figure 1.
(a) sketch the motion of the electron between the plates.
(b) If the electron experiences a downward acceleration of 2.00 x 1017 m/s2 due to the electric field between the plates, determine the time taken for the electron to travel 0.0100 m to the positive plate.
a = 2.00 x 1017 m/s2 (down)
d = 0.0100 m
Required to find out
(a) sketch of the electron’s motion
(b) time t
Analysis and Solution
(a) The electron’s acceleration is downward, so the motion of the electron will follow a parabolic path to the positive plate (Figure 2), similar to the projectile motion of an object traveling horizontally to the surface of Earth and experiencing downward acceleration due to gravity.
b) We will use this equation: d = ut + (1/2)at2
here, u = 0
d = (1/2)at2 ….(i)
Here, the time required for the electron to fall to the positive plate = t
t = (2d/a)1/2 = (2×0.0100/2.00 x 1017 )1/2 sec = 3.16 x 10-10 secs.


Depression has been affecting a considerable amount of the population from time to time. Major depression affects 20 percent of people while 4 percent are affected by severe and recurring depression. It is predicted to become the disorder with the highest disease burden in the world by 2020. A study led by King’s College London has discovered the first clear cut proof that genetic variations on chromosome 3 may cause depression. It has been concurrently put forward by a group from Washington University too.
The study put forth by King’s is a part of the Depression Network project of over 800 families with persistent depression. The study showcases the result of their 10 year hard work.
Dr Gerome Breen, lead author and lecturer at King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry stated, “In a large number of families where two or more members have depression we found robust evidence that a region called chromosome 3p25-26 is strongly linked to the disorder. These findings are truly exciting as possibly for the first time we have found a genetic locus for depression.”
Dr Breen further specified that these findings will not serve as a test for depression but will help to reveal the genes that change in the course of the disease. This important discovery of being aware of the risk of depression may help to develop certain important therapies although they can’t be expected in the next 15-20 years.
“Any one of 40 genes in chromosome 3p25-26 could be responsible so we are currently conducting detailed sequencing examinations in 40 of the families involved, to identify specific genes and variations that are causing the linkage. Results of these studies should be available next year,” he confirmed.
Dr Michele Pergadia, lead author and Research Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Washington University commented, “I think we are just beginning to make our way through the maze of influences on depression and this is an important step toward understanding what may be happening at the genetic and molecular levels. Our future research may focus on trying to learn more about how heavy smoking and depression are linked in this area.”
Dr Breen concludes by expressing his satisfaction over the study where two different sets of data collected and examined at two different places got a common ground. He believes that this is a rare phenomenon in genetic studies of depression.
The study has been published in the American study of Psychiatry.


Wolves in areas where the animals are heavily hunted have higher stress and reproductive hormones compared with those under lower hunting pressure, suggests a new study involving scientists from British Columbia, Alberta and Israel.
Researchers measured hormone levels in small tufts of wolf hair gathered in Alberta, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.
They compared steroid hormone levels in hair of wolves living in Canada's tundra-taiga region, which has heavy rates of hunting, with those in the northern boreal forest, where hunting rates are lower.
"The hair samples revealed that progesterone was higher in tundra-taiga wolves, possibly reflecting increased reproductive effort and social disruption in response to human-related mortality," the researchers wrote in a paper published in the journal Functional Ecology.
Researchers found "human-caused harassment" elevates stress hormones such as cortisol, alters a wolf pack's elaborate social structure and might have evolutionary consequences.
Reproductive hormones such as testosterone and progesterone may also be elevated when social conditions are unstable, the study says.
University of Calgary Prof. Marco Musiani, who co-authored the study, said the hormonal changes could result in unintended increases in reproduction rates and altered genetic structure for the animals.
"Though increased reproduction might be viewed as a positive response of wolves to population reductions, the implications on lifetime reproductive output and generational survival of offspring as compared with undisturbed populations are unknown," the study said.
The Raincoast Conservation Foundation, whose researchers participated in the study, opposes B.C.'s grey wolf management plan, which was released this spring after a review of more than 2,500 public input submissions.
B.C.'s Environment Ministry did not respond to a request for comment.
Raincoast's executive director Chris Genovali said the study highlights the need for conservation strategies that go beyond numbers to include psychological and social effects on animals.


Are you getting bitten by mosquitoes? Submit a service request here or call 650-344-8592 to report mosquitoes - one our our certified technicians will visit to investigation the source and stop the mosquitoes.
Why Control Mosquitoes?
Mosquitoes are more than a nuisance! They can carry and transmit diseases that can make people very sick. Even when they don’t transmit disease, their bites may be uncomfortable or become infected.
Controlling mosquitoes interrupts the disease transmission cycle and protects people from disease.
How We Control Mosquitoes
The District controls mosquitoes through a program of integrated mosquito management (IMM). This program focuses on controlling mosquitoes in their larval stage and preventing problems before they occur.
Larval control has many benefits:
- Lower toxicity. The pesticides used to control the larval stage are much less toxic to the environment and are highly specific to mosquitoes.
- Less pesticides. The pesticides are applied to a smaller area than would be required for treatment of adult mosquitoes.
- Less disease. Targeting immature mosquitoes kills them before they are capable of transmitting disease.
Sometimes, however, it is also necessary to control adult mosquitoes, such as when we find that they are carrying a disease that can be transmitted to humans.


Consider A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
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Requirements: each entry must be at least 125 words.
1. Consider A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson. In her narrative, Rowlandson provides an account of the time she spent in captivity. The narrative documents the abduction of Rowlandson and the death of some of her family members, and clearly one of the purposes of the work is to describe this terrible time in her life. However, the narrative also serves to describe the Native American culture. Rowlandson makes several observations about the similarities/differences in cultural traditions between the Native Americans and the European settlers. Discuss one similarity and one difference that Rowlandson describes. What is her attitude toward these differences?
2.Fight for Freedom. Consider Douglass’s speech “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” What logic does he use to make his point? His speech contains a lot of emotion, including anger. His anger is certainly justified, but does his anger take away from the effectiveness from his argument? Describe a time when you argued a position you were angry about. Were you able to make an effective argument? Why or why not?
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Conductive structures made from conductive polymer films are used in a wide variety of applications and often offer advantages over their metallic counterparts. For example, conductive structures made from conductive polymers can offer advantages in cost, flexibility, weight, form factor and ease of manufacturing to name a few. For example, conductive structures made from conductive polymer films can be used for connecting, fastening and electromagnetic shielding, to name a few applications. Some conductive polymers comprise conjugated double bonds which provide the electronic conduction. Redox-active polymers are conducting polymers comprising functional groups capable of reversibly transitioning between at least two oxidation states wherein the transition between states occurs through oxidation (i.e. electron loss) and reduction (i.e. electron gain) processes. In addition to redox activity provided by the redox center, some redox-active polymers may be electrically conductive through the polymer chain (e.g. polyaniline).
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed devices comprising conductive polymers and more particularly tagging devices comprising a redox-active polymer film, and method of using and manufacturing the same. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a substrate and a conductive structure formed on the substrate which includes a layer of redox-active polymer film having mobile ions and electrons. The conductive structure further includes a first terminal and a second terminal configured to receive an electrical signal therebetween, where the layer of redox-active polymer is configured to conduct an electrical current generated by the mobile ions and the electrons in response to the electrical signal. The apparatus additionally includes a detection circuit operatively coupled to the conductive structure and configured to detect the electrical current flowing through the conductive structure.
This innovation is covered by:


This book explores the challenges of teaching European history in the 21st century and provides research-informed approaches to history teaching that combine civic education, historical consciousness, and the teaching of controversial social issues.
With contributions from researchers across Europe, the book includes both theoretical and case study chapters. The first part of the book addresses issues such as globalization and teaching in an interconnected world, using multicultural and critical approaches, decolonizing education, and teaching uncomfortable narratives of the past. The second part of the book showcases thematic chapters dedicated to teaching intersecting topics in the European curriculum such as violence and armed conflict, social inequality, gender equality, the technological revolution, and religion.
Ultimately, this volume promotes criticality, civic engagement, and reflection on social issues, thereby prompting methodological change in the teaching of history as we know it. It will appeal to researchers and students of history education, democratic education, and citizenship education, as well as teacher educators and trainee teachers in history.
The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
chapter |10 pages
part I|69 pages
Teaching approaches on history education
chapter 2|17 pages
The origin and development of research into historical thinking
chapter 5|12 pages
Controversial heritage for eco-citizenship education in Social Science didactics
part II|138 pages
Cross-cutting topics on European history


Organizations define the term “major gift” by an arbitrary dollar amount, set for their own convenience. Planned gifts are defined by a gift vehicle. But neither is correct from a donor’s point of view. In fact, from the donor’s perspective, both of those constructs are irrelevant to him or her.
From the donor’s point of view, the asset he or she gives philanthropically, whether cash or real estate or stock, is the important factor. Why would s/he give this asset and what does it accomplish? Without understanding why he or she gives, and what he or she will give, the two functions of the development office cannot be blended successfully.
When an organization creates a major gift level, such as $5,000 or $50,000, or any other dollar amount, it has failed to realize what is a major gift to that donor based on his or her level of wealth.
When the same organization sets up a planned giving program, it is assumed that the gifts produced are in the form of a gift structure, such as a charitable remainder trust or a gift annuity.
But neither the strategy nor gift vehicle is the gift. The gift will be the asset given.
That is the very essence of Asset-based Philanthropy. The wealth of donors is not their cash in a bank account, it is in their ownership of assets. As a donor’s net worth increases, the share of that wealth held in cash decreases.
Note that all planned gifts, almost entirely of assets, are, in fact, major gifts. Note also that all major gifts, whether of cash or assets are in fact planned. So, why not change the paradigm?
That is what we teach at Plain English Planned Giving. Seamless and frictionless Asset-based Philanthropy that works for both the donor and the donee. Take a look at our curriculum and see for yourself. Read what our students say about the program.


Gulbarga tours will help you delve deep into the legacy of royal dynasties. Tour of Gulbarga is a journey into the past of the Gulbarga city.
The Gulbarga fort was originally built by Raja Gulchand, a feudatory of
the Orangal Kakatiyas. As Gulbarga gained prominence as the Bahmani
capital, the fort was fortified by Alauddin Bahman.
Nestled within the ramparts of the Gulbarga Fort, the Jumma Masjid
bears a striking resemblance to the great mosque of Cordova in Spain.
Built by Muhammed Bahmani in 1367, the Persian architecture of the
mosque features stilted domes and narrow entrances. The mosque's unique
feature is the roof which contains 68 domes that resemble a collection
of gigantic pots. Historians reckon that the Jumma Masjid was built to
commemorate Gulbarga's status as the Bahmani capital and is one of the
earliest mosques in South India.
Khwaja Bande Nawaz Durgah
The Khwaja Bande Nawaz Durgah, the tomb of the great Sufi saint Syed
Mohammad Gesu Daraz (1320-1422), is another major tourist attraction of
Gulbarga. One of South India's holiest Muslim shrines, the Durgah is a
unique example of communal harmony. The annual urus held at the Durgah
is attended by thousands of devotees including both Muslims and Hindus.
The dargah library contains nearly 10,000 books in Urdu, Persian and
Arabic on subjects ranging from history and philosophy to religion and
Gulbarga features a profusion of royal tombs and mausoleums. A complex
of seven royal tombs known as the Half Gumbaz lies to the west of the
Khwaja Bande dargah. Among the royal mausoleums, the one resting Firoze
shah Bahmani is the largest and the most elaborate.


Posted: August 4, 2020
Submitted by: https://www.songsimian.com/
Guitar Effects Infographic History
An infographic detailing the history of guitar effects, starting all the way back to the 1930s with Rickenbacker’s Vibrola Spanish Guitar and progressing to the present day.
Along the way, we’ll see iconic guitar-effect breakthroughs like gain and reverb in the 1940s to 1950s’ effects like fuzz (discovered by accidentally dropping a Fender Bass amp on a rainy street!) and distortion (the fortuitous discovery when Link Wray stabbed a hole in his amp’s speaker).
The guitar effects hit their stride in the 1960s with the first transistor-powered guitar pedals, including the first wah-wah pedals and the first octave effect pedal among glorious others. The explosion of effects pedals in the 1970s reverberates today: signal alterations, distortion, modulation, time-based effects, and filter effects.
A timeline of all these effects along with the iconic musicians who used what—Bo Diddley’s Trem Trol 800 Tremolo, Jimi Hendrix’s Leslie rotating speaker, the Rolling Stones’ Maestro Fuzz Tone, etc.
All these will be highlighted by this infographic, courtesy of Songsimian.com.
Original Post: Guitar Effects Infographic History


Scientists have discovered the warning signs of the coming flood
“Black smokers” – this is the name of the geothermal sources operating at the bottom of the oceans. From these objects, in the form of multi-meter pipes, incredibly hot water under the pressure of several hundred atmospheres enters the oceans.
As a general rule, the “smokers” are located along the axes of the mid-ocean ridges. Scientists stumbled upon the “deposit” of new smokers in an unexpected place. A vast field dotted with geothermal springs has been discovered by American researchers led by Jill McDermott of Lehigh University.
The field formed over an area of more than 5,000 square meters in the northern part of the East Pacific Rise – near the Peruvian coast of South America.
The field has more than 20 “black smokers” about 10 meters high. “Hot” water gushes out of it – it comes from some reservoirs located under the ocean floor at a depth of about 2 kilometers.
It is possible that in these hot reservoirs, heated by magma, water rises from the inner ocean, which is very deep underground, hundreds of kilometers from the surface.
It is not at all excluded that groundwater may one day have become the source of the global flood – the very one described in the Bible.
Lehigh University fears that the activity of “black smokers” precedes the imminent massive eruption of underwater volcanoes. It is possible that the flow from the bowels also indicates that the planet is preparing for another flood.


“Basically, solar panels are completely safe. It’s mainly about how you install them,” explains Johan de Vries, Safe Energy Transition Advisor for the Dutch Fire Brigade.
“A solar panel installation consists of many components. For example, what are the cables and inverters? You also have to take into account the bugs under the panel and different weather conditions. These are the chances of failure. But determining exactly what is the cause of the fire is sometimes difficult. “.
Problems can also be caused by the installation company. “Residents often have no idea what they’re putting on their roofs,” says de Vries.
“They usually have boundless confidence in the installer, but they have no idea who is standing on their roof. If you find a less skilled installer, it can cause problems. In principle, anyone can install solar panels. A licensed electrician To submit contact.
When asked about the potential for more fire hazards in the summer, again, the slab itself didn’t appear to be the culprit. “In principle, high temperatures don’t matter for a good composition,” says de Vries.
“For example, if there is less expensive and cheap wiring, it can have an effect during very sunny days. The temperature can go up to 80 degrees under a panel. If the installation is not quite right, it can cause problems. We also warn that Insects, which may take flammable objects under the baseboard.”
“Lifelong zombie fanatic. Hardcore web practitioner. Thinker. Music expert. Unapologetic pop culture scholar.”
Senior is really welcome in the job market | Economy
King giving a speech during a slavery ceremony and expecting an apology
This is how you put extra money aside if you’re unsure about your new pension economy


What Is A Spark Detection System?
Spark detection systems, also referred to as optical detection systems, are important elements of explosion protection systems, which are used to prevent deflagrations in manufacturing facilities. Spark detection systems are used in dust collectors to instantly identify the formation of a spark among combustible dust, which is a by-product that is created by manufacturing processes that work with combustible raw materials. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has a set of codes that outline the standards that must be upheld in manufacturing facilities to limit the chances of catastrophic explosions occurring. Some of these codes include NFPA 69, NFPA 650, NFPA 652, NFPA 654 and NFPA 664, each of which require spark detection systems. Without explosion protection systems and spark detectors, combustible dust explosions cause damage to a facility, extended downtime, and worst of all, serious injury or death to employees.
How Do Spark Detections Systems Work?
Spark detection systems monitor infrared light, giving them the ability to detect anything that gives off heat. Sparks and embers give off more heat than the area surrounding them in a dust collector, so they give off more infrared light and are easily detectable by spark detection systems. Spark detections systems will detect sparks and other ignition sources within milliseconds of their formation. Once an ignition source has been detected, the spark detection system will send a signal to the explosion isolation & explosion suppression systems, where the spark and resulting explosion will be chemically suppressed and mechanically isolated. The spark detection system and explosion protection system work in unison to prevent deflagrations that can spread through ductwork and cause devastating damage to a facility and its workers.
Contact Safety Systems Inc!
If you have any questions about spark detection systems, please contact our team at Safety Systems Inc. today to learn more about explosion protection systems for combustible dust hazards! We provide explosion protection system recommendation, design, installation, project management, & commissioning services in the manufacturing markets of New England, the Mid-Atlantic, & Eastern Canada! Give us a call today at (888) 877-1778 or fill out the contact form on our website, and a member of our team will get back to you as soon as possible!


< Back to Glossary | Edit with Form
CF-netCDF Description: [[TermDesc::CF-netCDF is the Climate and Forecast Metadata Convention for NetCDF Files. Names in NetCDF don't have any meaning associated in them, CF Conventions standardizes the semantic meaning of names, and physical dimensions. CF-netCDF files can be read with semantic meaning associated to the data.]]
Glossary Domain: WCS
Links to this page
[[Links::CF Conventions Data Configuration for Cubes]]
No History Available
NetCDF file format contains four kinds of information:
- Global attributes
- Simple name=value pairs
- Only declares the length of the dimension
- Contains no dimension data.
- Array data with any number of dimensions.
- Zero dimensions meaning scalar data.
- Variable Attributes:
- Simple name=value pairs associated to a variable.
While these are enough to describe any data, it's not easy to interpret what the data actually means. What is self-evident for humans is difficult for a computer program to reason. If you have a NetCDF viewer, it should be possible just open the file and display the data on a geographic map. But making a program that can automatically get the geographic dimensions from a NC file, is very difficult.
Conventions come to rescue. CF Standardizes many things:
- Standard name: what is the measure data about
- How to tell, that a variable is one of the following:
- Data Variable, containing real data.
- Dimension Coordinate Variable, containing dimension coordinates.
- Dimension Bounds Variable, containing lower and upper bounds of a dimension coordinate.
With this part standardized, your program can list the data variables for you and tell you exactly what you can filter by.
CF 1.0 - 1.5 contain conventions for cube data and 1.5 contains some station data.
Unofficial CF-1.5 contains point data encoding. Expired certificate, add security exception.


The Sami people are one of the oldest semi-nomadic indigenous groups in the world. Traditionally herding reindeer in the Arctic regions of Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia’s Kola Peninsula (the region is known as Sapmi), they learned to work with the rhythms of nature in order to survive the harsh climate.
Editor’s note: For the past couple of centuries the Sami people has seen increased oppression and colonialism from the swedish state, but they’re still preserving their old ways and today a new generation of Samis are fighting for the rights to their native lands and the preservation of their culture.
“Nature is everything for us because we think we belong to Mother Earth,” explains Sami writer/artist/teacher Gunnel Heligfjell, “It is not as with Western European thinking that the earth belongs to us, to the human beings. We think that we belong to the earth like the animals and the plants and everything.”
Following the reindeer migrations, they built transportable homes called lavvu from wood and fabric (similar to Native American tipis, but less vertical to sustain high winds). They also have more permanent homes called goahti made from fabric, peat moss or timber and curved poles.
The reindeer are used for food and materials: clothing, shoes, tents, tools, toys, and handicraft. They even play a role in one of the Sami creation myths.
Gunnel Heligfjell is an artist/writer who teaches the Sami language to school children (recognized as an official Swedish minority language in 2000). While she lives in a more conventional home in Vilhelmina, Sweden most of the year, she still spends time in a goahti or lavvu during summer or hunting trips. She believes in this traditional self-reliance and knows how to build traditional shelters and still cures reindeer meat (from her husband’s herd) and makes shoes, bags and fabrics from the skins.


Longest road tunnel in the world features an air treatment plant and the illusion of daylight.
The longest tunnel in the world extends 15.2 miles (24.5 km) between the cities of Laerdal and Aurland in western Norway. Known as the Lærdal Tunnel (or Lærdalstunnelen in Norwegian), the tunnel’s construction lasted five years and was completed in 2000, surpassing the world’s second longest tunnel, the St. Gottard Tunnel in Switzerland, by five miles.
Aside from its length, the Lærdal Tunnel is also the first to feature its own air treatment plant. Located in a 328-foot (100 m) cavern, the plant is comprised of two large fans and an electrostatic and carbon filter, which all work to remove dust and nitrogen dioxide from the large structure.
Since it takes the average driver 20 minutes to travel through the tunnel, special design features were added in order to prevent drivers from falling asleep. The tunnel is thus divided into four different sections that are broken up by “mountain caves.” The mountain caves are 3.7 miles (6 km) apart and each one is equipped with special lighting that gives off the illusion of driving into daylight.
In the mountain caves visitors can stop to rest, make a U-turn, or even have a wedding ceremony, as one couple has done.
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Ayoreo mother and child in the relocation settlement of Campo Loro.
This month, Global Justice Ecology Project is showcasing a photo from Orin Langelle’s recent trip to an Ayoreo community in the Chaco region of Paraguay.
Langelle, by invitation of the community, traveled with Dr. Miguel Lovera, chairperson of Global Forest Coalition. Lovera also also works with the group Iniciativa Amotocodie. The photos Langelle took were called “Sharing the Eye” with the Ayoreo. An exhibit of his photographs will be given to the Ayoreo relocation settlement where the photos were taken and in the near future will be posted on the GJEP Photo Gallery.
The settlement is “Campo Loro” (Parrot Field), a 10,000 hectare field which was given to the community in exchange for their nomadic realm of more than 10 million hectares. The Ayoreo were the masters of the harsh northern Chaco territory. They lived off hunting and gathering and were fierce warriors. Because they posed a threat to the expansion of white “civilization”, in the late ’70’s they were forced into settlements. The subhuman confinement conditions, which subdued these proud warrior people, depleted their self esteem. They have over a 50% unemployment rate. The Ayoreo that have been put into settlements are now in the process of regaining their dignity through the recovery of their culture and territorial rights organized by the Union of Native Ayoreo of Paraguay (UNAP).
GJEP supports the Iniciativa Amotocodie and UNAP’s work to recover the Ayoreo culture and territorial rights. GJEP also supports the Indigenous Peoples of the Gran Chaco region who have eluded “civilization” and are not in captivity.


Simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability driven by coronal mass ejections in the turbulent corona
Recent high resolution AIA/SDO images show evidence of the development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) expand in the ambient corona. A large-scale magnetic field mostly tangential to the interface is inferred, both on the CME and on the background sides. However, the magnetic field component along the shear flow is not strong enough to quench the instability. There is also observational evidence that the ambient corona is in a turbulent regime, and therefore the criteria for the development of the instability are a-priori expected to differ from the laminar case. To study the evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with a turbulent background, we perform three-dimensional simulations of the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations. The instability is driven by a velocity profile tangential to the CME-corona interface, which we simulate through a hyperbolic tangent profile. The turbulent background is generated by the application of a stationary stirring force. We compute the instability growth-rate for different values of the turbulence intensity, and find that the role of turbulence is to attenuate the growth. The fact that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is observed, sets an upper limit to the correlation length of the coronal background turbulence.
- Pub Date:
- August 2014
- Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics


Sports are any form of competitive physical activity that involves use, maintenance or improvement of physical ability and skills. Often they are designed to provide enjoyment or entertainment to participants and spectators.
The effect of sport on culture
Sports have a great impact on society, as they can bring people together from all walks of life and make them feel more connected to one another. In addition to promoting healthy socialization, they also can improve the mental health of those who participate in them and increase self-confidence.
The symbiosis between sports and the media is a powerful force for shaping public culture. This relationship is rooted in the 18th century when commercial mass media began to cover sporting events as an inexpensive way of reaching a large audience and increasing their profit margins.
In modern times, sports have played a central role in the construction of national identities and nationalistic pride. They have been used to reaffirm or reinforce the nation’s nationalist narrative, to create new traditions, and to solidify social cohesion.
Athletes in sports are often the face of their country and reflect its values, strengths and interests. Many of them have a community-relations department, and they frequently raise funds or perform service to benefit the wider community.
Athletes are seen as heroes who lift up their countries, and they are often regarded as a symbol of strength and courage. Their success can inspire others to follow their lead, making the world a better place.


The common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) is a hardy, deciduous shrub that can grow 8-20 feet tall with a width of up to 20 feet. Their fragrant white, purple, or pink flowers bloom among dark green heart shaped leaves and are a favorite for gardeners.
Although deer will feed on over 700 species of plants found in garden and landscape areas. The common lilac is one that deer tend to avoid. According to Rutgers University lilacs are rated “seldom severely damaged” on their rating scale.
Deer are very determined hungry animals. Once they discover plants they like to eat such as hostas, daylilies, and English ivy, they will devour the plant. They will hop fences, ignore scare tactics, and show up daily. Even though lilacs are considered deer resistant, they will nibble on them if no other food is available.
Watch out for your friendly squirrel. He likes to eat lilac shrubs. Oftentimes, squirrels will strip the bark from the lower portions of lilac plants.
Keeping Deer Away From Lilacs
Lilac shrubs can add color, texture and fragrance to your landscaping area, but they can also help to repel deer. Deer tend to avoid plants with strong aromas, like the common lilac. If you live in an area that is prone to deer, choose plants that deer dislike to protect your garden.
If you find that deer are nibbling on your lilac bush, commercial deer deterrents sprayed on or around the garden area help. These sprays emit a foul taste and odor that deter deer.
Will Lilacs Come Back After Deer Eat Them?
Even though lilacs are labeled as deer resistant, they can be vulnerable during the first few weeks after planting. Even if your plant has been snacked on, as long as the root system is not damaged, the shrub should survive. You can cut a lilac plant almost to the ground and it will recover and flourish. Lilac plants are very hardy and can actually benefit from being pruned, even if it is unintended.
Sources: Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station ‘Landscape Plants Rated by Deer Resistance’ 2018


Fragments of the world’s oldest known Koran, discovered last month by British Scholars, may have been written before the accepted date of the founding of Islam by the prophet Muhammad.
Radiocarbon dating of the fragments, tested by experts at the University of Oxford, were manufactured between 568 and 645 A.D. The accepted data of the founding of Islam has been designated as sometime after 610 A.D. Medina, the first Muslim community, was founded in what is now Saudi Arabia in 622 A.D.
The two pages were accidentally bound into another copy of the Koran, one that dates back to the seventh century. They came to the library of the University of Birmingham in England as part of a collection of Middle Eastern texts accumulated in Iraq back in the 1920’s.
The earliest known text of the Koran was put together by the order of Uthman, the third caliph after Muhammad’s death. That document had been assembled in 653 A.D. Prior to that time, parts of the work had been written on parchment, leaves, bone or stones, but mostly was circulated through oral tradition.
The carbon dating has only been done on the sheep- or goat-skin parchment of the newly discovered fragments so far. If it turns out that the inks also were from the same time frame, that would likely mean that at least some portions of the work pre-date Muhammad, moving the time of an Arabic literary culture back into the 500’s, say the researchers.
Muslim scholars dispute the notion that the fragments predate Muhammad. “If anything, the manuscript has consolidated traditional accounts of the Koran’s origins,” said Mustafa Shah of the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies.
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It only takes a moment for a fear memory to become embedded in one’s brain.
It’s part of the aftermath of either being involved in or witnessing a traumatic event. Overcoming the fear can take time, but scientists at Northwestern University say that it can be done in your sleep. They have been able to lower fear levels in people by using certain odors to trigger and then redirect the frightening memories into innocuous ones while a subject is in a deep sleep.
Memories form while we sleep. Neurologist Jay Gottfried, senior author of the study, which was slated to be published by the journal Nature Neuroscience, commented that, “Sleep sort of stamps memories in more strongly. That’s when a lot of memory formation can take place.”
For their study, the researchers created fear of a particular face in their subjects’ minds using conditioning. The participants linked a face and an odor in their minds with a painful electric shock. After some trials, the participants became afraid of the face, and the smell became a cue associated with it.
Smell also triggers memories. At that point, the researchers used the smell to trigger fear memories during sleep as a way to enable the participants to adjust without feeling afraid while they were awake.
Gottfried and his colleagues have not attempted to use this technique on people who live with phobias, but it makes sense to try to treat stressful memories in this manner. The technique could be used to create a connection between a phobia and a particular odor. The first types of patients who could be helped using this technique are people who have a particular odor associated with their fear, such as people who are afraid of the smell of gunpowder.
Sleep does play a role in consolidating memories, which involves parts of the brain replaying the events of the day and determining which parts it will store for safekeeping and which ones it will forgo. Rutgers University psychologist Mauricio Delgado brought up the interesting question of whether there is a window during the process when memories can be updated.


Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(8):online
See related article on cancer screening in older patients
What is a screening test?
A screening test can find diseases before you have symptoms or feel sick. Screening for certain cancers when you are at the right age can sometimes lead to better treatment, which may lower your chances of dying from the disease.
What are some common screening tests for cancer?
Pap smears look for signs of cervical cancer. Mammograms test for breast cancer. Colon cancer can be found using a colonoscopy test or by testing your stool to see if it has blood in it. Low-dose computed tomography (CT scan for short) is used to find lung cancer in smokers. The screening test for prostate cancer is called a prostate-specific antigen test.
Should I ever stop getting screened for cancer?
Cancer screening tests can save lives but can also cause harm. As you get older, screening tests may become more risky and can lead to more testing with bad side effects. Also, screening tests are not always accurate. They can cause you to worry and have procedures that are not needed, like biopsies and surgery. In time, your doctor may recommend that you not be screened for cancer anymore.
How do I know when I should stop getting screened?
Talk to your doctor. Before you make a decision, you should talk about your medical history, overall health, and personal wishes. Think about if you want to get further testing and treatment if you might have cancer.
Women who are 65 years and older who have had regular, normal Pap smears for the past 10 years can usually stop. Many patients older than 75 years, and almost all patients 85 years and older do not need to be screened for breast or colon cancers because these cancers grow slowly and are unlikely to harm patients of this age.
Where can I get more information?
AAFP's Patient Education Resource
American Cancer Society
Electronic Preventive Services Selector
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force


“Bullying Hurts Everyone.” That is the title of an activity book that Northern Community Mediation created for distribution to the elementary school students in the Charlevoix-Emmet Intermediate School District service area. The focus of the activity book is to draw attention to how a person that is being bullied feels and then to sensitize young people with tools that they can use to stop the bullying.
Each page has a question or suggestion:
On the last page of the coloring book, the student signs an agreement that he/she will not be a bully and will be an Upstander.
NCM received funding from four, local Kiwanis clubs to fund the design, production and printing of the activity books: Kiwanis Club of Charlevoix, Kiwanis Club of Harbor Springs, Kiwanis Club of Petoskey, and the Kiwanis Club of Little Traverse Bay in Petoskey. Executive Director Jane Millar has been distributing the activity books by meeting with the teachers and administrators in each elementary school and explaining how the books can be optimally used. To date, the activity books are in the hands of approximately half the K-5 grade students in the Charlevoix-Emmet Intermediate School District service area. Once the schools re-open following the COVID-19 pandemic, she will continue to distribute the activity books.


As the Internet of Things (IoT) develops, there is an increasing need to “sense” changes in the atmospherics which surround semiconductors. In other words, the working chips must get smarter and smarter and have feel! Some of that AI feel in chips is being supplied by sensing chips – the layered structure of wafers of semiconductor material which can “sense” changes in the environment it is measuring or into which it is placed. Gas sensors are particularly important and patent applications for these devices are on the upswing internationally, with Sony and Samsung leading the way. See Relecura article at http://tinyurl.com/ybrojuq2
Edaphic Scientific describes a gas sensor’s performance as follows: “Semiconductor gas sensors rely on a gas coming into contact with a metal oxide surface and then undergoing either oxidation or reduction. The absorption or desorption of the gas on the metal oxide changes either the conductivity or resistivity from a known baseline value. This change in conductivity or resistivity can be measured with electronic circuitry. Usually the change in conductivity or resistivity is a linear and proportional relationship with gas concentration. Therefore, a simple calibration equation can be established between resistivity/conductivity change and gas concentration.” http://tinyurl.com/y6ufz7vx
The IoT relies on smarter and smarter technology as it governs many things around us. Products will have this smarter and smarter technology and converting “sensing” into electronic circuitry will likely have a positive impact on performance, but will present new challenges as products fail and cause damage to person or property. How deep a dive will be required in products liability litigation for example when a “sensor chip” fails to sense. Sensor chips have been around for a while, but they are becoming tremendously sophisticated and integral to the virtual world in which we operate.
Posted by Henry M. Sneath, Esquire Co-Chair Litigation Practice Group and Chair of the IP Practice Group: Houston Harbaugh, P.C., 401 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222. Please contact Mr. Sneath at 412-288-4013 or email@example.com
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Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for a healthy mouth, and it’s an essential part of your overall health and well-being. Your teeth and gums are the first line of defense against harmful bacteria and other harmful substances that can lead to dental problems. In this blog post, we’ll discuss the importance of oral hygiene and share some tips on how to keep your teeth and gums healthy.
- Brushing Your Teeth
Brushing your teeth twice a day is one of the most crucial steps in maintaining good oral hygiene. Use a fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to gently clean your teeth and gums. Be sure to brush all surfaces of your teeth, including the fronts, backs, and tops, and don’t forget your tongue.
- Flossing Your Teeth
Flossing your teeth once a day is just as important as brushing. It removes food particles and plaque from between your teeth and along the gum line. Use a piece of floss about 18 inches long and wrap it around your fingers, then gently slide it between your teeth. Avoid snapping the floss or forcing it into your gums.
- Rinsing with Mouthwash
Using mouthwash after brushing and flossing can help kill bacteria and freshen your breath. Choose a product that’s alcohol-free and contains fluoride.
- Healthy Eating
Eating a healthy diet that’s low in sugar and processed foods can help keep your teeth and gums healthy. Foods like fruits, vegetables, and lean protein can help strengthen your teeth and gums and promote overall health.
- Regular Dental Check-Ups
Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are essential to maintaining good oral hygiene. Your dentist can detect and treat problems early, such as cavities, gum disease, and oral cancer. Don’t skip your dental appointments, even if you feel fine.
In conclusion, good oral hygiene is essential for healthy teeth and gums. By following these tips, you can maintain good oral hygiene and reduce your risk of dental problems. If you have any questions or concerns about your oral health, don’t hesitate to contact Bellissima Clinic to schedule an appointment with one of our experienced dental professionals.


The Muttaburrasaurus langdoni has been chosen as Queensland's fossil emblem.
I was an ornithopod dinosaur (which means ‘bird-footed’). This group also includes famous dinosaurs such as the Iguanodon and Parasaurolophus. I differed from other ornithopods as I had an inflated, bulbous snout and a powerful bite with specialised shearing teeth.
How do you say my name?
How big was I?
I was about seven to eight metres long, which is the length of two average cars.
When did I live and what did I eat?
I lived during the Cretaceous period, about 100 million years ago. I ate plants including seed ferns, ferns and conifers.
Where was I found?
My fossil was found in Muttaburra, Central Queensland, where the Traditional Owners are the Inigai people and Bidjara people. A local grazier, Doug Langdon discovered my fossil bones while mustering cattle in 1963.
About my name
I was named by Queensland Museum Director Alan Bartholomai and Queensland Museum curator Ralph Molnar. My name Muttaburrasaurus langdoni is taken from the town of Muttaburra in Central Queensland and the local grazier Doug Langdon, who discovered the first fossil specimen.
What makes me special?
My skeleton was the first relatively complete Australian dinosaur fossil found.It was the first Australian dinosaur to be fully reconstructed as a life-size model. My fossils have only been found in Queensland.
Where can you find information on me?
You can find:
- a replica of my skull and a mounted fossil skeleton on display in the Lost Creatures Exhibition, Queensland Museum
- information and reconstruction on display at the Muttaburrasaurus Interpretation Centre, Muttaburra
- replica mounted skeletons on display in Hughenden, and in state museums around Australia.


The Hongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, April 4, 1923.
BOY SCOUTS JAMBOREE.
Scouting as an Educational Training.
Hongkong's Boy Scouts are to have a Jamboree at the City Hall on the 13th and 14th inst., at which demonstrations in Scoutcraft will be given.
The value of this movement is widely acknowledged. Viewing educational training merely from the viewpoint of the acquisition of knowledge, it must be admitted that there is much in a boy's life left untouched by the formal lessons given in a classroom. The Boy Scout organization supplies this need. Its aim is the development of good citizenship among boys by individual character training in resourcefulness, observation, obedience, and self-reliance; by inculcating loyalty and thoughtfulness for others; by teaching them services useful to the public, and handicrafts useful to themselves; and by promoting their physical development and hygiene.
Scout training takes the individual boy, and through attractions of organization, activities, and awards devised for the purpose, it urges him to develop himself in the four directions towards citizenship given above. It endeavours to supply training rather than teaching, education rather than instruction, character rather than knowledge, active sell-education instead of passive reception of ideas.
Many schoolmasters have taken up scouting for their boys to help their character training and discipline, and have found it is a splendid method of training. It makes the acquisition of knowledge a living process.
Lord Rosebery has said: "Schoolmasters ought to be interested for their own benefit in the Boy Scouts. If they can get the influence that the Boy Scout movement gives the Scoutmaster, if they can get that influence over their boys in playtime, that at present some of them only have in school time, surely they will have an incalculable reward in the formation of the character of their pupils, far the most important education they can impart."


Educator resource packs: COVID-19 challenges
All NSW services have been sent a resource pack to assist educators with some of the COVID-19 related challenges that children may be facing.
17 August 2020
Each pack includes two books:
- Birdie and the Virus by Andrea Baldwin
- The Circle of Security: Roadmap to Building Supportive Relationships by Robyn Dolby.
This pack is intended to be used as a shared resource amongst your service and has been developed in partnership with Early Childhood Australia and the Queensland Centre for Perinatal and Infant Mental Health.
Birdie and the Virus
This book is part of the popular Birdie’s Tree series of children’s books. The series is designed for families and educators to help young children process their emotions and concerns after experiencing a natural disaster or other significant events.
Birdie and the Virus follows the main character, Birdie, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accompanied by colourful illustrations, the book explores changes that happen in the world through the eyes of the Birdie character. This perspective provides age-appropriate talking points for educators and caregivers to use in assisting children to process their feelings and thoughts about the pandemic.
A digital version of the Birdie and the Virus book can be found online, including translations of the book into languages other than English.
The Circle of Security: Roadmap to Building Supportive Relationships
This book introduces the Circle of Security model, and how this can be implemented in education and care environments.
The Circle of Security is a relationship-based early intervention program designed to enhance attachment security between children and their caregivers. It encourages caregivers to look beyond a child’s immediate behaviour and think about how to meet their holistic relationship needs.
This book provides practical guidance on empathetic communication, building positive relationships with caregivers, and how to enhance opportunities for connections with children.
Order an extra copy for your service
A limited number of extra copies are available of each book. If your service would like to order an extra copy, please complete this form.


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|Method-1:||Microbial Genome Transformation||Method-2:||TALEN Targeted Gene Knockout|
|Method-3:||Cas9 System Gene Knockout||Processing-1:||Isolate DNA From The Organism|
|Processing-2:||Put The DNA Into The DNA Vector||Processing-3:||Transfection Or Transformation|
TALEN Targeted Molecular Genetic Analysis,
Gene Knockout Molecular Genetic Analysis
Genome manipulation is a powerful technology, which can be used to specifically modify endogenous chromosomal DNA. This approach can be used to destroy or inactivate a gene, repair adverse mutations or increase the diversity of microbial population. With the help of this technology, various microorganisms can be genetically modified to create engineering microorganisms that meet our human needs and benefit human beings. It can also be used in fields such as synthetic biology, gene directed interference or multiple gene network interference, and gene therapy. Currently, we can provide microbial genome transformation, TALEN targeted gene knockout, Cas9 system gene knockout and other technical services.
The Process of the Gene Manipulation
We can get the part of the DNA thanks to restriction endonucleases - type II. The DNA strand is broken up in the specific places which are bordered by short nucleotide sequences. Both strands are cut out. Then we can recognize them and categorize by their size by agarose gel electrophoresis.
The DNA ligase governs the properties of the segment. The cohesive ends are created and the insertion can takes place.
It is absolutelly necessary to choose the right vector for the DNA. It must accept the foreign DNA and continues its cell cycle. The most common are bacteria – especially E.coli. The transformation of DNA from a virus is called transfection. We have ensured that the integration into the host genome will be successful. The most important is to maintain the ability to replicate DNA.
The Complications of Use
The use of gene manipulation is difficult. It is a process that can change the human genes. So it brings many ethical problems. The safety is still discussable. The scientists are worried about the genetic diversity, because all of the modified organisms will be the same.


Buddha taught that there are various worthy happiness in our world.
One of which, is the happiness of being debt free. A peaceful contentment that we do not owe others.
Contrary to the current world view, the ability to obtain credit, spend first and pay back later, is not to be celebrated and abused.
Buddhism advocate living within ones means and the practice of contentment.
In this instance, the intention is to encourage simple living and focus on spiritual training.
Besides material debt, we also try to avoid karmic debt.
Unlike monetary debt, karmic debt is ‘invisible’. We do not get a bank statement, telling us how much we owe.
Instead it is recorded in our karma.
Due to rebirth, any karmic debt owed in this life gets carried over to the next one.
The idea is to be fair towards others and not to take advantage of people.
For example, if we are employer, we must not exploit employees. If we are a manager, we have to be fair in our performance appraisal. If we are employee, we have to be conscientious. If we are in business and trade, we should not cheat our customers.
We may fool others and we may not be caught in this life. However, we cannot hide from our own mind.
Whatever we get away with now, will boomerang and come back at us. If not in this life, then the next.
That is why we have to live honestly, with integrity and with fairness.
That way, our mind will be bright. There will be lesser obstacle when our mind is ready for the next leap.
May all be well and happy.
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On May 26, the second of two supermoons in 2021 will assume control throughout the night sky as a “blood moon” because of a comparing lunar eclipse.
As indicated by NASA, a blood moon happens during an total lunar eclipse, where the Earth lines up between the Moon and the Sun and hides the Moon from any sunlight.
“When this happens, the only light that reaches the Moon’s surface is from the edges of the Earth’s atmosphere,” the space office clarifies. “The air molecules from Earth’s atmosphere scatter out most of the blue light. The remaining light reflects onto the Moon’s surface with a red glow, making the Moon appear red in the night sky.”
May’s “Flower Moon,” named for the abundant flowers in the Northern Hemisphere during spring, is likewise a supermoon, which happens when the Moon approaches Earth inside 90% of perigree, making the Moon seem bigger and more brighter than normal.
That, combined with the total lunar eclipse and its subsequent blood moon, breeds the “Super Flower Blood Moon,” which will top for around 14 minutes on May 26, as per NASA.
The rare moon will be at least partially visible anyplace on the “night” side of the planet, which incorporates portions of Asia and Australia just as the majority of the U.S. furthermore, South America. The best survey will be in Hawaii, Alaska and western states, however the eclipse will in any case be apparent on the East coast at dawn.
Lunar eclipses are safe to see with the naked eye, so there’s no need to take any visual precautions beforehand.
The Virtual Telescope Project will likewise have a live feed of the whole event, starting at 3 a.m. PDT on May 26.Topics #blood moon #Flower Moon #NASA #Super Flower Blood Moon #supermoons


Abstract paintings, unlike representational paintings, have designs, shapes and colors that do not look like specific physical objects. They are more difficult to analyze than representational paintings because you may have no idea what you are looking at. Artists in the early 20th century began painting in this manner as a way of evoking deep unconscious emotions. By experiencing and thinking about your emotions, you can analyze an abstract painting.
Observe the painting for at least ten minutes without letting yourself be distracted. Pay attention to how the painting makes you feel and how your emotions change from when you first looked at the painting to after you have spent some time with it. Abstract painters use art as a tool for indirect access to their viewers' inner psyches. Relax and allow the art to have an impact on yours.
Concentrate on the specific content and technique of the painting. Make note of how the painter uses color, lines, textures and balance. Observe how different elements are distributed across the canvas. Decide how you would describe the painting to someone who couldn't see it.
Research the artist's biography either using the internet resources below, by going to a library and asking a librarian or by looking in a book on art in the reference section. Find out how your painting compares to the artist's earlier and later works. Discover what was happening in the artist's life at the time she produced the painting.
Research how your painting fits with the course of art history. Find out what paintings it reacted to and what paintings reacted to it. See what other kinds of paintings were being produced at that time. Investigate what art critics have had to say about the painting and see if it has been copied and by whom.
Return to the painting and look at it again. Keeping in mind what you now know about the painting, ask yourself how the painting now makes you feel. Consider how your emotions are influenced by your research on the artist and on the painting's place in history.
Karen Smith has been writing professionally since 2008. Her articles are published in the "Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History" and the upcoming "Dictionary of African Biography," as well as on Patheos.com and in volumes of "Anthropology News," "Contemporary Islam," "Islamic Africa" and "American Ethnologist." She has a Doctor of Philosophy in anthropology.


Padmasana is a Sanskrit term that translates to “lotus posture” in English. It is a seated yoga posture that is commonly used for meditation and pranayama (breathing exercises).
To perform Padmasana, start by sitting on the floor with your legs stretched out in front of you. Bend your right knee and place your foot on top of your left thigh, as close to your hip as possible. Then, bend your left knee and place your foot on top of your right thigh, again as close to your hip as possible. Your knees should be on the ground and your feet should be pointing upwards.
Place your hands on your knees or in a mudra of your choice. Keep your spine straight, your shoulders relaxed, and your chin slightly tucked in. Close your eyes and focus on your breath, allowing your mind to become calm and still.
Padmasana has numerous benefits for the body and mind. Some of the main benefits of Padmasana include:
- Improves Posture: Padmasana helps to improve posture and align the spine properly, reducing the strain on the back and shoulders.
- Increases Flexibility: Padmasana helps to increase flexibility in the hips, knees, and ankles, which can help prevent injuries and improve overall mobility.
- Calms the Mind: Padmasana is a meditative pose that helps to calm the mind and reduce stress and anxiety.
- Boosts Concentration: Practicing Padmasana regularly can help to improve focus and concentration, which can be beneficial for work, school, and daily activities.
- Stimulates Digestion: Padmasana helps to stimulate the digestive system, improving digestion and reducing bloating and constipation.
- Reduces Menstrual Discomfort: Padmasana can help to reduce menstrual discomfort and cramps, making it a beneficial posture for women.
- Improves Blood Circulation: Padmasana helps to improve blood circulation throughout the body, which can promote overall health and wellbeing.
- Enhances Lung Capacity: Padmasana can help to enhance lung capacity and increase oxygen flow to the body, which can improve overall physical performance.
Overall, Padmasana is a beneficial posture for both the body and mind, and regular practice can lead to improved health and wellbeing. However, it is important to practice Padmasana safely and avoid any discomfort or pain.


Growing evidence suggests that turmeric may afford protection against neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological studies show that in elderly Indian populations, among whose diet turmeric is a common spice, levels of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s are very low. Concurrently, experimental research conducted recently found that curcumin does appear to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s in mice. Preliminary studies in mice also suggest that curcumin may block the progression of multiple sclerosis. While it is still unclear how it may afford protection against this degenerative condition, one theory is that it may interrupt the production of IL-2, a protein that can play a key role in the destruction of myelin, the sheath that serves to protect most nerves in the body.
A number of studies have suggested that curcumin, the biologically active constituent in turmeric, protects against Alzheimer’s disease by turning on a gene that codes for the production of antioxidant proteins. A study published in the Italian Journal of Biochemistry(December 2003) discussed curcumin’s role in the induction of the the heme oxygenase pathway, a protective system that, when triggered in brain tissue, causes the production of the potent antioxidant bilirubin, which protects the brain against oxidative (free radical) injury. Such oxidation is thought to be a major factor in aging and to be responsible for neurodegenerative disorders including dementias like Alzheimer’s disease. Another study conducted jointly by an Italian and U.S. team and presented at the American Physiological Society’s 2004 annual conference in Washington, DC, confirmed that curcumin strongly induces expression of the gene, called hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in astrocytes from the hippocampal region of the brain.


Aikido is a form of Budo, a Japanese word translated into English as “martial arts”. Original arts were not only aimed to strengthen the body, but went further, involving man as a whole. Unlike the modern concept of martial art, they were focused on the Path (Do) a man or woman should follow through training in order to attain a deeper knowledge.
Budo includes all Paths (Do) deriving from Japanese martial arts (Bujutsu). Actually, it is made of many different systems (Judo, Karate-do, Kyudo, Aikido, etc.) all containing the word “Do” in their graphical description. This clearly indicates that the combat technique is not the goal of the practitioner, but a means to reach a higher ideal. Budo was developed as a path from Bujutsu, which was pure war technique.
Bujutsu masters became aware that techniques only aimed to death were nonsense and of no value for humanity. Therefore they changed the goal of their exercises, focusing the efforts towards themselves, not against an opponent. Those masters became aware that the attraction to outward appearence was an obstacle on the Path, an abstacle that prevented them to reach a higher knowledge. They also recognized that the enemy to be defeated is not the opponent on the battleground, but something within ourselves. With this in mind, many 16th century masters abandoned the arts of Japanese combat formulating a new principle, which was not one of death but a teaching of life. Hence, as Budo we don’t mean a Path to knowledge and power, but the practice of martial arts to reach the inner Self.
From Budo, la Via Spirituale delle Arti marziali, by Werner Lind – Ed. Mediterranee, Italy,1996


Protecting our water and our residents
Imagine a full glass of water. That glass has a straw in it. Where ever you place the straw within the glass, you are still drinking from the same container of water.
That glass/straw scenario is how a well relates to an aquifer. Our Village has two aquifers, unfortunately the first aquifer has a surface water to ground water connection.
What’s that mean? That means: Whatever goes into a storm drain, a pond, or a ditch will eventually make contact with the aquifer.
Wait, that’s sounds scary? Scary or not, it’s factual. This is why the Village Board has been working hard to protect not only what goes into the water, but what is put on the ground – because, you know, it rains.
Last year the Board passed the Ground Water Protection Ordinance. This ordinance limited certain chemicals that could be used around your house or in your yard that could find their way into the water supply.
Our Village has made many changes over the years to prevent chemicals of any kind from getting into the water supply. It started off small, like becoming a phosphorus free Village, then moving to brine to lessen the amount of road salt in the winter, to finally the Ground Water Protection Ordinance.
Last year there was a scare and out of concern for the health and safety for our residents the Village felt it had no choice but to run a water quality test on several homes. Thankfully, those homes tested clear for chemical contaminants. As a Village, we must remain vigilant in our protection of our ground water. If there are suspicious smells or spraying in your area, please call the Village Hall immediately. All of these activities now require a permit and plans to be reviewed by the Village Engineer.
As a Village we must remain vigilant in our protection of our ground water. If there suspicious smells, or spraying in your area, please call Village Hall immediately. All of these activities now require a permit and plans to be reviewed by the Village Engineer.


What Was Before Will Be Again
As we continue to explore what a pandemic world means, it seems reasonable to expect that legal, regulatory, and ethical rules and guidelines will develop based upon historical events. Lessons learned should inform changes and growth in knowledge upon which ethical actions are fine-tuned. History will be ignored at our own peril.
If history repeats itself, and the unexpected always happens,how incapable must Man be of learning from experience.-George Bernard Shaw
It seems every time a pandemic occurs, and it occurs with such regularity that scientists can loosely predict the cycles, we act surprised and appalled at the interruptions in our daily lives as if we had no warning and could not possibly know what to do. And yet we know that public health officials attempted to do exactly the right things 100 years ago. They were mostly ignored, with deadly consequences.
Watch minutes 30-40 of the following video (minutes 0-30 are optional): 1918 Spanish Flu historical documentary
Determine missed public health opportunities that may have lessened the impact of the 1918 flu.
Include the following aspects in the assignment:
· While watching the ten minutes at the end of the video, list all missed opportunities that had the potential to lessen the impact of the pandemic
· Next to this list, place who you think was the responsible party for the missed opportunity
· San Francisco avoided the second round of the pandemic. Why was this?
· Who should be in charge of decision-making during pandemics, public health departments or politicians?
· Make a simple two-column chart for the first two bullets and a paragraph narrative for the second two
· Cite any references used. Use proper grammar, sentence structure, and spelling at all times. Put everything in our own words. There is no copying and pasting allowe


Heritage Trail Board 6 – Bolton’s Copper Mill
In 1790 Thomas Patten, owner of the Cheadle Copper and Brass Company, bought the tin plate works at Oakamoor. His intention was to convert the site to the smelting and processing of copper ore and the last tin plating took place in 1793. Copper ore from Ecton was taken to Cheadle, and later Whiston, for smelting. Patten built a wire mill in 1792, followed by othe buildings, culmulating in the “Alton” wire mill of 1827. In 1852 the Oakamoor works were put up for sale.
Thomas Bolton, a copper manufacturer from Birmingham, sent his sons to Oakamoor to buy some plant for their existing works. They returned having bought not just plant, but the entire works!
Morse code, the system for transmitting dots and dashes by electricity, had been invented in 1840 and Alfred Bolton could see the potential of Oakamoor in the burgeoning electrical telegraph industry. The major challenge was to lay a trans-Atlantic cable.
Wire for the first cable was produced at Oakamoor in 1857, when60 tons of copper was drawn. It was laid at the second attempt and carried only 700 messages before it was broken. By 1881 Oakamoor was the most important factory of its kind in Britain, with almost 200 men producing brass and copper in various forms.
The demand for copper fluctuated after 1901, with surges during the two world wars, and by the 1960’s it became apparent that the site a Oakamoor had become redundant. The works closed in 1962 and soon after the factory was razed to the ground. After more than 800 years Oakamoor’s industry fell silent.
Little evidence of this industrial history remains on the site, although the gate posts which once stood either side of the railway are visible in a small copse and some raised stone platforms still exist close to the bridge.


In the sociological theories developed in the nineteenth century men’s masculinity strategies are seen as those of investment, as the game of honor does have economic and political effects. Excluded from the ‘games’ of the men, women are in a critical position; they both recognize the ‘silliness’ of the games and provide the ‘flattering mirror’ to them. Femininity, no less than masculinity, may be considered an asset, dependant on context. Indeed, the strategies of middle class feminists that led to increased education for women and second wave feminism may in part be responsible for the reconstitution of the mental/ manual divide which restricts working class women to employment centered on their ‘traditional’ skills. No capital has a ‘pure’ field, as there is always resistance; the family may be said to be dominated by the gender sufficiently to constitute its primary field. The family has long been studied within feminism as the primary site of gender domination and social reproduction.
It is not enough to view the gendering of levels of capital as limiting life-opportunities; gender itself must be viewed as a capital and a strategy, with the power to cross fields. A child is gendered before it learns to speak. The gender capital gained as a child has repercussions throughout life; an infant that learns to be a woman will find that her femininity is both a constraint and an enabler; her habitués is gendered, as is her future. By learning to be a woman, she unwittingly reproduces the system that subordinates the feminine; by choosing the forms of education and employment that she does; by adopting the behavior considered suitable for her sex and teaching this to her daughter, a woman plays an important role in the continuation of the existing social hierarchy.


SEL Lessons That Prepare Students for the Classroom and Beyond
All of the Moshi SEL lessons are designed to equip students with the skills they need to interact successfully with their peers, teachers, and academics. Each lesson has a clear objective that is aligned with the CASEL 5 SEL competencies. They are developmentally aligned to three age groups: PreK (ages 3 to 5), K–2 (ages 5 to 8), and 3–5 (ages 9 to 11).
Below is a summary of some of the objectives you’ll find in our Moshi SEL lessons. Each lesson also includes a teacher-led conversation guide, student activity, and take-home activity.
Use techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, positive self-talk, and visualization to focus attention, regulate emotions, and ease away stress.
Recognize emotions—including stress and anxiety, happiness and joy, and anger and sadness—and learn how to identify them and apply them to situations.
Maintain a positive outlook, show concern for the feelings of others, and develop positive relationships. Reflect on one’s role in actively promoting personal, family, and community well-being.
Make decisions about personal behavior and interactions with peers that are safe, respectful, and in alignment with the classroom norms.
Establish and maintain caring relationships with others by sharing, being kind, and showing empathy and compassion for others’ feelings. Seek and offer support and help when needed.


Mindfulness means paying full attention to something. It means slowing down to really notice what you're doing. Being mindful is the opposite of rushing or multitasking. When you're mindful, you're taking your time. You are focusing in a relaxed, easy way.
Mindfulness teaches you to slow down racing thoughts, let go of negativity, and calm both your mind and body. ... Techniques can vary, but in general, mindfulness meditation involves deep breathing and awareness of body and mind.
Why is mindfulness important?
Being mindful helps you:
pay attention better
be less distracted
stay calm under stress
avoid getting too upset about things
slow down instead of rush
listen better to others
be more patient
get along better
feel happier and enjoy things more
The more you practise, the better you get!
Here is an example of a relaxing meditation for children:
Other meditation sessions can be found at: Time Out (Peace Out: Guided Meditation for Kids) | Cosmic Kids - YouTube
Have a go at some of these challenges:
Find out about some breathing techniques:
More about Mindfulness:
More helpful website links:
Zen Den: zen den - YouTube
Mindfulness Exercises for children and parents: 10 mindfulness exercises for kids | BBC Good Food