A violent coronal mass ejection of the Sun dating back to July 15th released a stream of plasma that will collide in the Earth’s magnetic field by July 23.
Space Bulletin warns of violence
Coronal mass ejection of the sun
(CME) dating back to July 15th, released a stream of plasma that will hit Earth’s magnetic field by July 23rd. This will cause a
on our planet. However, according to forecasts, these will be secondary phenomena.
The ejection of material from the corona — the outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere — occurs when a magnetic field “rolls” beneath the sun’s surface, pulling in massive amounts of plasma and spewing it out into space at high speed. This “cannon”, which occurred on July 15, generated a solar wind loaded with particles approaching the Earth and would hit its atmosphere within two days.
The cloud of material ejected from the Sun can interfere with the Earth’s magnetosphere. Currently, many space weather monitoring and forecasting services (such as NOAA and Space Weather) have reported minor geomagnetic storms. However, phenomena of this kind may have unexpected and more serious consequences. For example, wireless interference, satellite damage, internet outages, or even power outages.
“Typical beer trailblazer. Hipster-friendly web buff. Certified alcohol fanatic. Internetaholic. Infuriatingly humble zombie lover.”
Best smartwatch for health monitoring in Canada 2023 – Experts review
WhatsApp, something disturbing happens in the night: be careful what you say (and do)
The new 2023-2024 Nissan Juke, a complete or almost complete renewal of one of the most popular compact SUVs has been confirmed


Leveraging business know-how has the potential to take corporations to greater heights. In conclusion, right now’s generation has an increased skill to get pleasure from the benefits of expertise and Web because of the increased utilization and reliance on technology. Nevertheless, much of the technology that may someday remodel well being care and its delivery shouldn’t be yet mature sufficient for hospitals and other programs to make use of.
Each the Web of Science and Scopus help you organize your search results in ascending order based mostly on what number of occasions the articles have been cited. For instance, a examine by the Pew Research Middle means that digital applied sciences have helped college students to develop into extra self-ample researchers.
The results of Speculation 3 testing (see Desk 4 ) urged that expertise use did predict unwell-being. Academics and college students must get out of their field”, and explore the various sorts of expertise that your college students can use. This know-how utilized in sports is known as Hawk-Eye line-calling system, or simply Hawk-eye for short.
This prediction was supported fully for complete sick-being in addition to psychological points, attention problems and physical problems and mostly supported for behavior issues (aside from complete technology use, each day e-mail use, each day IM/Chat use and every day cellphone use).
Although this research examined every day display screen time, future studies of the impression of media utilization would possibly think about using a frequency scale to account for the current habit of rapidly checking in with most expertise on a smartphone ( Rosen, Whaling, Provider, Cheever, & Rokkum, 2013 ). Another limitation is the broad categories utilized in assessing display screen time.


Gallery: Wet Plate Collodion Ambrotypes
Wet plate collodion process was invented in 1851 by Fredrick Scott Archer. Halogen salted nitrocellulose, better known as collodion, is poured onto a glass or blackened metal substrate flowed evenly over the surface to create a thin film. The plate is then submerged into a bath of silver nitrate. The silver is absorbed by the collodion and the halogens react to make light sensitive film. The plate is taken out the silver nitrate bath, put into a light tight holder and exposed in camera before the plate dries rendering it insensitive to light. The plate has a very slow speed compared to modern films. In comparison, ASA 100 speed film allows an exposure of a scene in full sunlight at 1/100th of second at f/16. The same exposure using wet plate would be rated at ASA 1 or .5 requiring the same scene to be made at f/16 at 1 second. After the exposure is made, the plate is developed out, fixed within a few minutes and then varnished to keep the silver from tarnishing. Images on glass are called ambrotypes and images on darkened metal are call tintypes. Most modern tintypes are usually made on black trophy aluminum. Wet plate collodion negatives have longer exposures and the developer contains more acetic acid reduce more silver rendering a dense almost opaque plate that can be printed out on modern or print out paper. A wet plate image can be compared to a polaroid in that the images are created start to finish in a relatively short amount of time and allow for on the spot editing.
More related images can be seen on flickr.


Definition of up the ante
- to raise the cost or price The popular actor first demanded twice the salary offered him but then kept upping the ante.
- to increase the risk or possible harm that could result from something —often + onThe new law ups the ante on people who cheat on their taxes.
Similarly, it is asked, does ante mean before or after?
ante- WORD ORIGIN. a prefix meaning “before,” used in the formation of compound words: anteroom; antebellum; antedate.
Subsequently, question is, what is another word for ante?
Another word for ante. noun. Something risked on an uncertain outcome: bet, pot, stake (often used in plural), wager.
What does AM and PM mean?
From the Latin words meridies (midday), ante (before) and post (after), the term ante meridiem (a.m.) means before midday and post meridiem (p.m.) means after midday. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states "By convention, 12 AM denotes midnight and 12 PM denotes noon.
What does the prefix ante mean in medical terms?
ante- Prefix meaning before, in front of (in time or place or order). See also: pre-, pro- (1) [L. ante, before, in front of]


Many habitancy mistakenly consider that all vigorous forms of train are aerobic in nature. The upper the measured cardiorespiratory endurance stage, the more oxygen has been transported to and used by exercising muscles, and the upper the extent of depth at which the individual can train. Mitochondria Buildings within the cytoplasm of all cells where respiration takes place (singular is mitochondrion). Aerobic exercise has long been a popular approach to reaching weight loss and physical fitness, usually taking a commercial type. Frequent kinds of aerobic exercise include running at a cushty pace (you should have the ability to speak without breathing too onerous), swimming, and biking. There was no relationship between aerobic fitness and recognition for faces and houses individually.
If the two issues that yeast need are sugar and vitality to reproduce then how far more yeast would be generated from aerobic respiration. The depth of the workout determines whether an exercise is aerobic or anaerobic, and all you’ll want to do is pace your self to elicit the type of training you want.
Glucose A simple sugar made by the physique from meals, which is utilized by cells to make vitality in respiration. Correct gas in vitamin, aerobic exercise, and respiratory correctly collectively supply the human physique with higher health than junk meals, sedentary life-style, and shallow respiratory on the couch in front of TV or video game. Anaerobic train can take many varieties a short excessive intensity three to five minute burst of activity is anaerobic exercise. When the physique is pushed to its limits, anaerobic respiration can be illustrated by pondering of a marathon runner towards the latter levels of a race. Exercise promoter Susan Powter taught her fitness audiences that you have to eat, you must move, and it’s important to breath – and this is the reality.
Combining aerobic and anaerobic exercise is efficacious to maintaining widespread balanced health. Anaerobic train is especially helpful for weight administration in that it helps to burn extra energy even in a physique at relaxation. Glucose is not utterly broken down, a lot less power is launched than during aerobic respiration.
In time, the body will progressively build up greater tolerance to lactic acid and increase its skill to disperse it. Anaerobic exercise is a way more targeted means of exercise and finished regularly, will improve general health, health and assist to inject power into the tip of an exercise programme or efficiency.


Last updated on October 9, 2020
Does the appearance of varicocele in puberty affect the growth and development of the penis in a man and on general pubertal development?
To keep blood from pooling in the lower parts of your body, your veins contain small check valves that only allow the blood to flow in one direction. If the valves are weak (leak) or fail, then blood can build up in that area. A varicocele is caused when one or more valves in the veins in the scrotum don’t work properly. The result is that the veins get bigger and stretched. This causes discomfort or pain, but it can also impact the testicles in the scrotum. Because the body grows quickly during adolescence, the appearance of varicoceles more often happens during the teenage years than during childhood.
Testicles need to be a few degrees cooler than your body to operate correctly. If testicles get too warm for a long period of time, sperm is not produced and you become infertile. Thus, the most common concern with a varicocele is that it can make a man infertile because the pooling blood warms the testicles and also makes it harder for the testicles to cool off.
Sometimes the failed valves cause blood to back up into the testicles themselves. If that happens, there can be damage to them. Not only might it cause infertility, but since the testicles are the source of your testosterone, such damage can impact your development.
Varicoceles should be checked by a doctor. Some cause no symptoms and, thus, only need to be monitored. Checking for fertility impact during early adolescence is difficult since the production of sperm may not have started or is still ramping up. Testing for impact on testosterone is also difficult because it is ramping up and fluctuating greatly during early adolescence. These are things that a doctor is best suited to evaluate.


The absolute and relative refractory periods refer to the intervals during which the cardiac cells are either entirely or partially unresponsive to further stimulation, respectively. The refractory periods are crucial in regulating the timing and rhythm of the heart’s contractions.
Suppose a stimulus causes the transmembrane potential (TMP) to reach a threshold (-55 mV). In that case, an “all-or-nothing” action potential (AP) is fired with the influx of sodium through open voltage-gated Na+ channels. These channels can be in three states: open, closed, or inactivated. After a brief opening period, these channels become inactivated, rendering the myocardial cells unresponsive to further stimulation, no matter how strong. This is the absolute refractory period (ARP).
After the peak AP (+30-40 mV) is reached and repolarization begins with potassium efflux from the voltage-gated K+ channels, the voltage-gated Na+ channels begin resetting to their closed state. These are partially responsive to further stimulation, although the stimulus required for excitation is much higher than usual since K+ channels remain open during repolarization. This is called the relative refractory period (RRP) and is completed when the Na+ channels have all been reset to their closed state. Remember that the TMP overshoots and hyperpolarizes during repolarization until the Na+/K+ ATPase restores the TMP back to the resting potential.
On an EKG, the ARP coincides with the beginning of the QRS complex till the first third of the T-wave, whereas the RRP is the last 2/3 of the T-wave.
Drop me a comment below with questions!


- Team ZeCarbon
Wind Mills Farms
Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of power that is becoming increasingly popular as a way to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. One way to harness the power of the wind is through the use of wind farms, large-scale installations of wind turbines that generate electricity from the movement of the air.
Wind farms have several environmental benefits, chief among them being their ability to reduce carbon emissions. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Wind energy, on the other hand, is a clean and renewable source of power that generates electricity without producing any greenhouse gases or other pollutants.
In addition to reducing carbon emissions, wind farms also have other benefits. They can provide a reliable source of electricity, particularly in areas that are not connected to the grid or that experience frequent power outages. Wind farms can also help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and create jobs in the growing wind energy industry.
As the demand for clean energy continues to rise, wind farms are playing an increasingly important role in the transition to a low-carbon future. By harnessing the power of the wind, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and combat climate change, all while enjoying the many benefits that wind energy has to offer.


Roller conveyors are machines that are made from mostly steel and stainless steel that use powered or non-powered conveyor rollers to move the loads of goods or products from one place to another. Roller conveyors help to move items without causing any damage. They are being used in warehouses, factories, and other businesses.
1-A. What is a Conveyor Roller
A conveyor roller is a key component in many conveyor systems. As its name suggests, it is a roller that helps to move items along the conveyor belt. Conveyor rollers are usually made from strong and durable materials such as steel, making them ideal for high-traffic areas.
In its simplest form, a roller consists of a steel tube, a shaft, and ball bearings. They are also often coated with a low-friction material, which helps to keep the conveyor belt moving smoothly.
In some cases, conveyor rollers may also be equipped with additional features such as motors, as is the case with MDR conveyors. These additional features can help to improve the efficiency of the conveyor system.
1-B. What is an MDR Conveyor Roller
MDR stands for motor-driven roller, and these rollers are driven by an electric motor. MDR conveyor rollers are used in various applications, including package handling, assembly line manufacturing, and warehouse automation. MDR conveyor rollers are available in various sizes and styles to suit the needs of any application.
MDR conveyor rollers are typically used in accumulation and high-speed sortation conveyor systems but can also be used in other types of conveying systems, such as gravity conveyors. MDR conveyor rollers are more expensive than conventional idler rollers, but they offer several advantages, including higher capacity, longer life, and better reliability. They also offer a much higher ROI as compared to other types of conveyors. Energy savings alone could be worth the switch to some.


- Reclined sitting has low activity
- The middle two postures are more active
- Standing needs the most effort
ANSI/HFES 100-2007, Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations
Work Postures By Effort
Different work postures can be understood by the amount of activity or effort they require. Most people will choose a posture that requires the least amount of work.
This diagram shows increasing postural effort, ranging from the least activity on the left, to the highest effort to stand on the right.
Reclined Sitting requires the least amount of postural mm activity, much like leisure sitting, and this posture is what many presume to be ”ergonomic seating.”
The middle two postures are Upright Sitting (second from the left), and Declined Sitting (third from the left)
Note that the torso is upright in both of these figures
The important difference between the two middle postures is the height of the seat pan and the angle of the thigh.
These upright postures are often ignored in the discussion about sitting or standing at work, and they are the focus of this course.
The middle two upright torso postures can easily be sustained, provided there is good leg support, and the height of the seat pan can balance the size and strength of the body.
Standing needs the most effort, and has the least body support.
For many people, using more effort to work can be a problem.
It may be unreasonable to ask people to go from reclined sitting with the least effort, and move to standing, which may be to work harder than needed.


The iconic 70-meter antenna at NASA’s Deep Space Network site in Goldstone, Calif., was returned to service Nov. 1 following a seven-month overhaul expected to extend the life of the half-century-old dish at least another 15 years.
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif., spent the month of October testing the antenna, officially known as Deep Space Station 14, to ensure it was in working order and fully functional, as scheduled, by Nov. 1.
“We’ve been testing the antenna since Sept. 28, and we’ve had no problems when tracking the spacecraft,” Peter Hames, a JPL engineer responsible for maintaining the Deep Space Network’s antennas, said in a Nov. 1 statement announcing completion of the upgrade.
During the upgrade process, workers raised a portion of the antenna that weighs 3.2 million kilograms up from its base and replaced bearings that enable the antenna to rotate horizontally and track up and down from the horizon.
Helping JPL with the project was ITT Corp. of White Plains, N.Y., and Diani Building Corp. of Santa Maria, Calif.
Deep Space Station 14 has been informally known as the Mars antenna since March 1966 when it received the first signal from the Mariner 4 mission to Mars.
The refurbished antenna is expected to remain in service through at least 2025, NASA said in the press release.


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About this book
About this book
Written by European and international experts, The Laboratory Mouse, 2/e continues to be a sought after reference for researchers and veterinarians. With updated information on phenotyping mouse strains, new content on immunology, viruses and parasites, behavior, enrichment and care standards of laboratory mice, this well-illustrated second edition will find its place on the shelves of laboratories as an international resource for laboratory mice.
Part 1 History and Genetics 1.1 Origin and Phylogenetic Relationship of the Laboratory Mouse 1.2 Historical Foundations 1.3 Strains, Stocks and Mutant Mice 1.4 Mouse Genomics 1.5 Generation of Mouse Mutants by Genotype-driven Mutagenesis Part 2 Anatomy and Normative Biology 2.1 Early Mouse Development 2.2 Gross Anatomy 2.3 Histology 2.4 Skin and Adnexa of the Laboratory Mouse 2.5 Development and Disease of Mouse Muscular and Skeletal Systems 2.6 The Cardiovasular System 2.7 The Respiratory Tract 2.8 The Gastrointestinal System and Metabolism 2.9 Hematology 2.10 Studying Immunology in Mice 2.11 Behaviour 2.12 Biological Rhythm of the Mouse Part 3 Neoplasms and Infectious Diseases 3.1 Diversity of Spontaneous Neoplasms in commonly used Inbred Strains of Laboratory Mice 3.2 Viral Infections 3.3 Bacterial Infections of the Laboratory Mouse 3.4 Parasitic Infections of the Laboratory Mouse Part 4 Husbandry and Maintenance 4.1 Housing and Maintenance 4.2 Mouse Enrichment 4.3 Nutrition of the Laboratory Mouse 4.4 Health Management and Monitoring 4.5 Genetic Monitoring 4.6 Gnotobiology and Breeding Techniques 4.7 Cryopreservation of Pre-implantation Embryos and Gametes and associated Methods Part 5 Procedures 5.1 Handling and Restraint 5.2 Routes of Administration 5.3 Collection of Body Fluids 5.4 Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Euthanasia 5.5 Imaging the Laboratory Mouse in vivo 5.6 Necropsy Methods Part 6 Legal Regulations 6.1 Laws, Guidelines and Policies governing the Use of Mice in Research#


Visitors to Kennett River on Victoria’s south-west coast in Australia were left awestruck when a gargantuan ocean sunfish washed ashore in July 2020.
The creature, measuring about two meters in length, appeared to be an extraterrestrial, leaving onlookers stunned.
Vets Cath and Tom Rampton were among the tourists who happened upon the sea monster and were amazed by its unusual appearance.
Images of the gigantic fish were widely shared on social media, underscoring its sheer size and striking features.
The Ramptons, who are both vets, were astonished by the creature and were quick to note that they had never seen anything like it before.
Speaking to the Daily Mail, Cath said, “My understanding is it’s not a very big specimen, I think they can get up to double that size.”
According to National Geographic, the mola mola, as it is also known, can grow up to 4.2 meters (14 feet) vertically and three meters (10 feet) horizontally, and can weigh almost 5,000lbs.
Tourists Tim Rothman and James Barham were equally shocked by the sight of the fish and thought it looked like an alien.
Tim spoke to the Geelong Advertiser about their chance encounter, saying, “We were walking along and saw this big lump on the sand. I’ve never seen anything like that before. It looked like an alien from a distance.”
The ocean sunfish is typically found in temperate and tropical oceans worldwide and can often be seen near the surface of the water basking in the sun.
In recent years, sightings of the creature off the coast of the UK have become more frequent.
Liz Hemsley captured a photo of an ocean sunfish swimming near Portland Harbour in Dorset in June 2020. The British Sea Fishing website noted that the sunfish is native to tropical seas around the equator, but its presence in the south of England during the summer months is due to global warming and climate change.


Students were enquired to answer a question at academics and to indicate what is most important for them to succeed. Of many answers, the one which that stood out was practice. People who are definitely successful do not become successful by being born. They work hard and perseverance their lives to succeeding. This is how you can fulfill your goals. beneath some question and answer examples that you could certainly implement to enhance your knowledge and gain insight that will assist you to sustain your school studies.
Which best describes the triangle or the triangles, if any, that can be formed with two sides that measure 5 inches and an angle that measures 60 degrees?
two different isosceles triangles
one isosceles triangle
one equilateral triangle
The triangle is one equilateral triangle.
Answering this question means we have to know the major types of triangles.
- Isosceles triangles ; This type has 2 equal sides and 2 equal angles
- Scalene triangle; This type has 3 sides with all having different measurement as well as 3 different angles.
- Equilateral triangle; This type has 3 equal sides and the 3 angles equal to 60°.
Now, from the question, we are told that two sides measure 5 inches and an angle that measures 60°.
- Since 2 sides of the triangle are equal, it means at least 2 of the angles must be equal. Since one angle is already 60°, it means that another angle must be 60°.
- Sum of angles in a triangle is 180°, it means that the third angle is;
180° – (60° + 60°) = 60°
- This means that, the triangle has 3 equal internal angles of 60° and this corresponds to the definition of an equilateral angle.
Thus, the triangle is one equilateral triangle.
They can potentially hopefully assist the student sort out the question by make use of the questions and answer examples. You can then have a discussion with your classmate and continue the school learning by studying the question together.


Research bite: Are you setting yourself up for injury?
A recent study investigating the training related risk factors of overuse injuries in 446 of Finland's top male and female endurance athletes (swimmers, cross-country skiers and long distance runners) found some interesting results.
It was been found that athletes who had less than two recovery days per week were 5 times more likely to get an overuse injury compared to those who had more recovery.
In the same study it was also found that those athletes who trained for more than 700 hours during the year (~13.5 hours per week on average) where 2 time more likely to sustain an overuse injury compared to those who trained less.
Now most people know how important sleep is for recovery in general, but not many people give it a though when thinking about injury prevention. However, it looks like sleep is an important risk factor in managing and preventing injures.
An interesting study on adolescent athletes showed that those athletes who slept for less than 8 hours per night on average were 2 times more likely to sustain an injury than those who sleep more than 8 hours.
Take away message: What can we learn from this research?
While the findings from these two research papers are associations and not causation they do support the importance of proper planning and periodsation of your training.
Not just training more but training more effectively, making sure you carefully balance your training and recovery.
When planning your overall season/build up make sure you take into consideration not only your training but also the factors that support your training such as recovery, nutrition and psychology.
Chronic Lack of Sleep is Associated With Increased Sports Injuries in Adolescent Athletes. Milewsi et al. in J Pediatr Orthop, 2014
Training-related risk factors in the etiology of overuse injuries in endurance sports. Ristolainen et al. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2014
Check out how I unlocked my hip flexors following 3000 km of riding.


Learning and Teaching in a Neoliberal Era
The Tensions of Engaging in Froebelian-Informed Pedagogy while Encountering Quality Standards
Keywords:Friedrich Froebel, neoliberalism, early childhood education, quality, school readiness, parents, teacher education
Contemporary Froebelian-inspired early childhood education in the United States is challenged by government regulation and accreditation requirements that have arisen alongside neoliberalism in education. Using Critical Policy Analysis and case study examples from a preschool in Atlanta, Georgia, this paper examines the influence of neoliberalism on school readiness discourse, parental expectations for children’s education, and teacher preparation programs in early childhood education. For early childhood centers that are inspired by Friedrich Froebel’s philosophies of teaching and learning, remaining true to his vision of development and education is increasingly challenged by neoliberal regimes that reify accountability, assessment, and competition. Possibilities for resistance to the neoliberal ideology that regulates early childhood education are described and contextualized by Froebel’s writings.
Copyright (c) 2022 Kristen Cameron, Deron Boyles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


Month 6 – Elul: Preparation for the Day of Atonement
On the Hebrew calendar, Elul is the sixth month of the year. On the 10th day of last month – the month of Av – we began the Season of Comfort. The season of comfort continues seven weeks, until the first day of next month, which is Tishrei 1, the same day as the Feast of Trumpets. So we have seven weeks in the Season of Comfort, Av 10 to Tishrei 1.
Elul 1 also marks 40 days until the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), which is always on Tishrei 10.
Month 4 – Tammuz: A Season of Judgement; A Call to Repentance
Tammuz is the fourth month on the Hebrew calendar. It is considered a season of Judgment and Exile. This season includes all of Tammuz and half of next month, the month of Av.
There are six references to Tammuz (or the fourth month) in the Bible: (more…)
Preparing for Yom Kippur: 40 Days of Repentance, Part 1
How would you characterize the month of August? How about September? Or January? Just like the Gregorian calendar in which each month reminds us of the season and a mood, the Hebrew sages have determined the spiritual seasons of the year.
The Hebrew month of Elul is considered the start of the “Season of Repentance.” This season extends 40 days, from Elul 1 to Tishrei 10, the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). (more…)


All new cars, trucks and SUVs sold in the U.S. must have backup cameras. While cameras range from basic to sophisticated, all show drivers a real-time picture of the area behind their vehicles. Consequently, using a backup camera may decrease your chances of colliding with a pedestrian, another vehicle or something else.
Modern safety features have contributed to a decline in the number of traffic fatalities nationwide. While backup cameras may help keep drivers and others safe, they are not without their problems, unfortunately.
A restricted view
Even the highest-quality backup cameras on today’s new vehicles only have about an 80-degree visual field. While these cameras may show drivers much of the space behind their vehicles, they simply cannot deliver a complete picture. Put simply, if motorists do not check their blind spots when using backup cameras, they may inadvertently back into or over something.
Accumulated dirt and moisture on backup camera lenses may provide drivers with a distorted view. In some cases, grime on camera lenses may entirely mask objects behind a vehicle. The same may be true for cracked or scratched lenses. Therefore, before using backup cameras, drivers must inspect lenses for visible signs of damage and debris.
Like any other mechanical component, backup cameras may eventually experience technological glitches. For example, Ford Motor Company recently announced the recall of more than 600,000 vehicles for faulty backup cameras.
While motorists may have little control over the timing of mechanical failures, they have a duty to reverse their vehicles responsibly. If there is any evidence backup cameras may fail or be unsafe to use, drivers should back up the old-fashioned way.


Does My Cat Need Vegetables?
Dear Ask Darwin’s,
Can Mika, my Grey Tabby, eat vegetables? Does she even need them?
So, do mom-cats say, “Eat your broccoli”?
Here’s what we say.
Cats don’t require fruits and vegetables to balance their nutrition. So, we recommend that you don’t even bother.
Cats are Obligate Carnivores – No Veggies Required
Unlike dogs and humans, who are omnivores, cats are obligate carnivores – meaning that they need a source of animal protein to survive. There is also the need for the Amino Acid Taurine. With over 20 types of amino acids present in Mika’s body, amino acids are building blocks for proteins and essential to the proper functioning of most of her system.
Cats Need Taurine – Not Provided by Vegetables
I bring this up, because Taurine is exclusively found in animal-based proteins. Not vegetables. It is critical for normal vision, normal digestion, normal heart muscle function, to maintain normal pregnancy (should you decide to breed) and fetal development, and to maintain a healthy immune system.
You can always provide her with access to grass – avoiding chemically treated grass and toxic plants, of course. Grass can be a good source of vegetable matter and micronutrients. However, like some natural sources, too much of good thing can be unhealthy. Please be aware that large amounts of certain types of “cat grass” can cause hypervitaminosis D – a rare but potentially serious condition occurring when too much vitamin D is introduced into the system.
To recap: Mika is an obligate carnivore — not an omnivore like us and dogs. This means that animal protein is the only type of protein that fulfills her nutritional needs.
Hope this helps,
PS: Remember, cats as a rule are not big drinkers. Make sure her food has plenty of moisture. And, always ensure Mika has access to clean fresh drinking water at all times.


Brains of individuals with PTSD and suicidal thoughts (top) show higher levels of mGluR5 compared to healthy controls (bottom).
By Bill Hathawaymay
The risk of suicide among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is much higher than the general population, but identifying those individuals at greatest risk has been difficult. However, a team at Yale has discovered a biological marker linked to individuals with PTSD who are most likely to think about suicide, the researchers report May 13 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Researchers used PET imaging to measure levels of metabotropic glutamatergic receptor 5 (mGluR5) — which has been implicated in anxiety and mood disorders — in individuals with PTSD and major depressive disorder. They found high levels of mGluR5 in the PTSD group with current suicidal thoughts. They found no such elevated levels in the PTSD group with no suicidal thoughts or in those with depression, with or without current suicidal thoughts.
There are two FDA approved treatments for PTSD, both of which are anti-depressants. It can take weeks or months to determine whether they are effective. That can be too late for those who are suicidal, note the researchers.
“If you have people who suffer from high blood pressure, you want to reduce those levels right away,” said Irina Esterlis, associate professor of psychiatry at Yale and senior author of the study. “We don’t have that option with PTSD.”
Esterlis said testing for levels of mGluR5 in people who have experienced severe trauma might help identify those at greatest risk of harming themselves and prompt psychiatric interventions. Also, researchers might investigate ways to regulate levels mGluR5 with hopes of minimizing suicide risk in PTSD patients, she said.


El Salvador - National Report - World Arbitration Reporter (WAR) - 2nd Edition
Ricardo A. Cevallos is a Senior Litigation and Arbitration Partner with Consortium Centro América Abogados in El Salvador. His practice is focused
mainly in contract and commercial law as well as arbitration and litigation.
Originally from World Arbitration Reporter (WAR) - 2nd Edition
I. INTRODUCTION: ARBITRATION IN EL SALVADOR–HISTORY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
A. History and Current Legislation on Arbitration
1. Historical evolution of law relating to arbitration
It can be said that arbitration has always been part of Salvadoran history. Before concepts such as alternative dispute resolution (ADR) came into vogue, arbitration was already part of the constitution and the country’s laws, and except for three years, it has been part of its history since the creation of the republic.
After the independence from Spain in 1821, El Salvador was the first country in the region to have a constitutional assembly in March 1824. The first constitution is dated June 12, 1824. The first Central American constitution dates five months later, November 22, 1824.
El Salvador´s first constitution clearly understood what arbitration was, raising it to a constitutionally protected right for the citizens to arbitrate their differences. Article 58 stated, “no person may be denied its right to terminate his/her differences by arbitrator judges named by the parties, whose decision must be executed unless the parties in the compromis expressly reserved their right to appeal it”.
The following constitution of 1841 modified the language kept arbitration as a means to terminate a dispute, but it reserved it for cases where there was already ongoing litigation. In the part that refers to arbitration, Article 89 stated: “The right to name arbitrators in any state of litigation, is inherent in every person and the decision handed down is not subject to appeal, if the parties to the compromis did not reserve this right expressly”. Curiously, another new addition regarding litigation in this constitution is that it added a new requirement: that all litigation must first go through a conciliation phase.


Social security benefits in the united states are an example of quizlet that will help you to learn about the different social insurance programs in the United States. These programs include social security, Medicare, Medicaid, UI, and other social insurance programs that provide income support for workers, families, and individuals.
Social Security Benefits in the United States: A Quizlet
In 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt enacted Social Security, which is now a major part of retirement income for most Americans. It also provides disability, surviving spouse, and survivor benefits to people who become disabled or die.
The federal government collects Social Security taxes from both workers and their employers, with the funds deposited into a trust fund. When workers reach a certain age, they are eligible for annuity payments that last until their death.
Generally, Social Security benefits are based on the worker's average indexed monthly earnings (AIME) for a given period of time. This amount varies from person to person.
Earnings Credits and Insured Status
As workers pay Social Security taxes during their careers, they accumulate "credits" that translate into higher benefits. The level of those credits increases as the worker's average indexed monthly earnings increase.
Insured Benefits and Survivor Benefits
There are three levels of Social Security benefits that are available to retirees, based on their earnings records. Those with high lifetime earnings, called "fully insured," receive full retirement and survivor benefits. These are the most valuable benefits. Those with low lifetime earnings, called currently insured, are entitled to only partial benefits.


With 894 posts, chances are there's already an answer to your question. Please try searching below before submitting a question to Dr. Potato. Use multiple words to help narrow down the results. For example, search for "potatoes" and "group" if looking for an answer on cooking potatoes for large groups.
I heard that Idaho® potatoes have more potassium than a banana. Can that possibly be true?
Potatoes are amazingly healthy. In fact, potatoes are quite nutrient dense. A medium potato with the skin left on contains 45 percent of the daily value for vitamin C; as much or more potassium (620 mg) than a banana, spinach or broccoli; has 10 percent of the daily value of B6; and even trace amounts of thiamin, riboflavin, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and zinc.
Here are the technical details about the potato: A medium (5.3 oz) potato contains 110 calories, 26 grams of carbohydrate, 3 grams of protein and 0 grams of fat. The predominant form of carbohydrate in potatoes is starch (a complex carbohydrate). In fact, simple sugars (i.e., disaccharides and monosaccharides) comprise only .25-3% of the dry matter in potatoes (and thus, the calorie content). Therefore, simple sugars account for 2.75-3.3 calories of a medium potato (110 multiplied by .025 and .03), which is only about 1/5 of a teaspoon (16 calories per teaspoon of sugar).
Dr. Potato isn't a real doctor but a team of potato experts ready to answer all your potato questions.
Established in 1937, the Idaho Potato Commission (IPC) is a state agency that is responsible for promoting and protecting the famous "Grown in Idaho®" seal, a federally registered trademark that assures consumers they are purchasing genuine, top-quality Idaho® potatoes. Idaho's ideal growing conditions, including rich, volcanic soil, climate and irrigation differentiate Idaho® potatoes from potatoes grown in other states.
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Who Were History’s “Female Husbands”? with Professor Jen Manion
What was it like to trans gender if you were living in 18th or 19th century England or America? This week, Professor Jen Manion joins Jonathan to explore the world of “female husbands,” people who were raised as girls but lived as men. Listen in to learn about these resilient individuals’ lives; how they were treated by their partners and the press; and how they paved the way for queer and trans communities today.
Jen Manion is a writer, historian, and advocate whose work examines the role of gender and sexuality in American life. Jen was the first in their family to graduate from college and is now a Professor at Amherst College.
You can follow Professor Manion on Twitter @activisthistory, on Instagram @manionjen, and at www.jenmanion.com. And make sure to grab a copy of Female Husbands, published by Cambridge University Press.
Want to learn more? Here are some resources referenced in the episode:
Library of Congress Digital Archives
Some additions to your watch (and reading!) lists:
And more resources Professor Manion recommends:
Transgender Children in Antebellum America (OutHistory.org)
Histories of Sexuality and the Carceral State (NOTCHES)
The Performance of Transgender Inclusion (Public Seminar)
Don’t Pop the Champagne Yet on “They” (Public Seminar)
Why Do You Call Us Ladies? (Public Seminar)
Join the conversation, and find out what former guests are up to, by following us on Instagram and Twitter @CuriousWithJVN.
Jonathan is on Instagram and Twitter @JVN and @Jonathan.Vanness on Facebook.
Love listening to Getting Curious? Now, you can also watch Getting Curious—on Netflix! Head to netflix.com/gettingcurious to dive in.
Our executive producer is Erica Getto. Our associate producer is Zahra Crim. Our editor is Andrew Carson.
Our socials are run and curated by Middle Seat Digital.
Our theme music is “Freak” by QUIÑ; for more, head to TheQuinCat.com.
Getting Curious merch is available on PodSwag.com.


The harm that e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), can cause is coming to light more quickly than ever. Adding to this is a new research paper which says that vaping could significantly upset your lung health by disturbing the lipid balance, even when it is devoid of nicotine.
While in its early days, e-cigarettes were said to be the safer option, and in some cases even healthier, than the regular cigarettes and tobacco-based products. However, the new research sheds light on the ill effects of these cigarettes beyond the obvious nicotine troubles. It points to the solvents used in ENDS, which include propylene glycol and vegetable glycerine.
These findings come as a conclusion of a paper recently published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation. The animal study observed groups of mice who were exposed to clean air as well nicotine-based and nicotine-free e-cigarette vapors. They found mice exposed to smoke had damage to their lungs.
“E-cigarettes currently are the most commonly consumed tobacco substitute in the adolescent population. More than 3 million high school-age adolescents, as well as about 10 million adults in the U.S., are active users,” said corresponding author Dr. Farrah Kheradmand, a pulmonologist and professor of medicine at Baylor College of Medicine.
The study which comes close on the heels of half a dozen vaping-related fatalities also notes that lipid imbalance in the lungs could increase the risk of infections.


The detection and assessment of pain in animals is crucial to improving their welfare in a variety of contexts in which humans are ethically or legally bound to do so. Thus clear standards to judge whether pain is likely to occur in any animal species is vital to inform whether to alleviate pain or to drive the refinement of procedures to reduce invasiveness, thereby minimizing pain. We define two key concepts that can be used to evaluate the potential for pain in both invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. First, responses to noxious, potentially painful events should affect neurobiology, physiology and behaviour in a different manner to innocuous stimuli and subsequent behaviour should be modified including avoidance learning and protective responses. Second, animals should show a change in motivational state after experiencing a painful event such that future behavioural decision making is altered and can be measured as a change in conditioned place preference, self-administration of analgesia, paying a cost to access analgesia or avoidance of painful stimuli and reduced performance in concurrent events. The extent to which vertebrate and selected invertebrate groups fulfil these criteria is discussed in light of the empirical evidence and where there are gaps in our knowledge we propose future studies are vital to improve our assessment of pain. This review highlights arguments regarding animal pain and defines criteria that demonstrate, beyond a reasonable doubt, whether animals of a given species experience pain.
Sneddon, L. U., Elwood, R. W., Adamo, S. A., & Leach, M. C. (2014). Defining and assessing animal pain. Animal Behaviour, 97, 201-212.
In compliance with the publisher’s copyright and archiving policies, this is a post-print version of the document. Post-print materials contain the same content as their final edited versions, but are not formatted according to the layout of the published book or journal.


The pandemic has made health inequities and bias in health care even more obvious. Now, there's a group working to change that.
Impact4Health trains health care staff on unconscious bias and how to advance health equity. They can also assess where a health organization stands.
“A strategy that you can use to look at processes to serve your diverse populations, how you recruit diverse staff to work with those populations, how you actually work and partner with community organizations to serve vulnerable populations,” said Dr. Maria Hernandez, PhD, President and COO of Impact4Health.
This is something Impact4Health started before the pandemic, when issues like higher death rates among new mothers of color were really starting to come to light.
Impact4Health uses tennis star Serena Williams’ experience as an example. She shared how her health concerns after giving birth weren't taken seriously. It turns out, she had a blood clot.
“And I often say to staff and during training, you know, if you're Serena Williams and you cannot be heard, can you imagine what it's like for the average Black woman going through this for the very first time, anxious and afraid and concerned for her health and the well-being of her child,” said Hernandez.
California now requires implicit bias training among doctors.
Meanwhile, Impact4Health’s president says patients can protect themselves by bringing an advocate to appointments.
“And what that can do is, as you start speaking with your physician about what you need if you really feel anxious, or that they didn't quite understand or didn't hear you, there's someone there who can say, ‘excuse me, I heard my friend say this’ or ‘here's what I’m going through, watching what they're experiencing, and they really need this help,’” said Hernandez.
Impact4Health is based out of California, but their training is available anywhere.


Juneteenth commemorates June 18 and 19, 1865. June 18 is the day Union General Gordon Granger and 2,000 federal troops arrived in Galveston, Texas, to take possession of the state and enforce the emancipation of its slaves. On June 19, 1865, legend has it while standing on the balcony of Galveston’s Ashton Villa, Granger read the contents of “General Order No. 3”:
The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere.
That day has since become known as Juneteenth, a name coming from a portmanteau of the words June and teenth like nineteenth and other numbers ending with -teenth.
Happy Juneteenth to our American readers and friends.
Categories: education, history, social justice


This is a disease of the spine indicating degenerative changes, sometimes referred to as arthritis of the spine. It can happen at any level (cervical, thoracic or lumbar) and results in different types of pain including mechanical and radicular pain.
Primarily this is caused by aging and normal wear and tear. With time, the components of the spine, including the vertebrae, the discs between the vertebrae, and the joints of the spine rub against one another, causing pain.
Cervical Spine: neck, shoulder and arm pain. Radicular symptoms may occur including numbness, weakness in the arms or legs.
Thoracic Spine: upper chest and abdomen pain, and may cause numbness, tingling and weakness in the legs
Lumbar Spine: lower back, buttocks, and leg pain; and may cause numbness, tingling and weakness in the lower leg. This is often times worsened with sitting, twisting, lifting and bending.
This varies based on severity of degeneration, and symptoms patients describe. It includes anti- inflammatory medications, physical therapy, water therapy, back braces, spinal injections and in severe cases, surgery.


Lactic acid fermentation is a process used in the production of a variety of products, including yoghurt and cheese.
In fact, it helps create a process a wide range of tasty foods and drinks – which e.g. dairy professionals have been testing and refining for years. For some years, Fermentationexperts have been researching and developing methods to ferment feed for livestock in a safe and secure manner. We use lactic acid bacteria in our fermentation process in combination with e.g. rape, and soy seed as well as marine raw materials like seaweed and mussels. Many benefits link to this technology.
Our knowledge is our product
Fermentationexperts is an advisor in biological problems regarding liquid feed systems. In case that the fermentation process is disordered or pigs are not eating sufficiently we will find the reason and come up with a solution to the problem. Below we have made a video illustrating how you build a fermentation plant in your barn.
However, liquid feeding can be a challenge in the barn when it comes to fermentation taking into consideration that the process is similar to cheese and yoghurt production. Therefore, we recommend the use of dried lactic acid fermented protein feed if possible.
Fermentationexperts has developed and patented a fermentation process, which secures the same high standard and quality in the finished, dried product every time. Our patented process makes it possible to tailor-made proteins for each animal’s nutritional and health needs. The difference is that the product is produced under high standards in one of our plants around the globe.
The advantages of our patented fermentation process are:
- Makes it possible to mix almost any plant or animal protein source and to create almost any amino acid profile.
- It has a dramatic effect on the phosphorous in the food chain. Research demonstrates that 75 % of phosphorous is released through fermentation.
- Releases up to 15% more plant protein.
- Can create omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acid concentrations in eggs, pigs, poultry and milk by fermenting algae.
- The patented fermentation process removes the bitter substances that normally prevent livestock from eating European crops such as rapeseed and sunflowers.


Course Hero. "Grendel Study Guide." Course Hero. 2 Dec. 2016. Web. 4 June 2023. <https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Grendel/>.
Course Hero. (2016, December 2). Grendel Study Guide. In Course Hero. Retrieved June 4, 2023, from https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Grendel/
(Course Hero, 2016)
Course Hero. "Grendel Study Guide." December 2, 2016. Accessed June 4, 2023. https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Grendel/.
Course Hero, "Grendel Study Guide," December 2, 2016, accessed June 4, 2023, https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Grendel/.
Here are some suggested reading materials and online resources to help you get a better understanding of John Gardner's Grendel. In addition, we've listed some articles and other books that are similar to Grendel that you may enjoy.
Fawcett, Barry, and Elizabeth Jones. "The Twelve Traps in John Gardner's Grendel." American Literature 62.4 (1990): 634-47. Web.
Ferguson, Paul F., John R. Maier, Sarah Matthiessen, and Frank McConnell. "The Art of Fiction No. 73." The Paris Review. 2016. Web.
Gardner, John. The Art of Fiction: Notes on Craft for Young Writers. New York: Vintage, 1991. Print.
Gardner, John. On Becoming a Novelist. New York: Norton, 1999. Print.
Gardner, John. On Moral Fiction. New York: Basic, 1978. Print.
Howell, John Michael. Understanding John Gardner. Columbia: U of South Carolina, 1993. Print.
Course Hero. "Grendel Infographic." Course Hero. 3 Oct. 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2022. <https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Grendel/infographic/>.


News Literacy Project Statement on World Press Freedom Day 2023
On this World Press Freedom Day, the recent arrest and detainment of Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich in Russia serves as a stark reminder to Americans that press freedoms across the globe affect us all.
In the wake of the bogus charges against Gershkovich for spying, the murder of at least 13 news workers in Mexico last year and the life-threatening reporting taking place in war zones like Ukraine and Sudan, it’s more important than ever to protect the press freedoms we have.
Accurate and fair journalism makes us better-informed, safe and empowered to take action. A free press holds the powerful accountable. It exposes atrocities so that people can pursue justice. And it keeps the public aware of what our leaders are doing in our names. We can’t look away and just hope our press remains strong here and around the world. We must actively call out countries that oppress the press and keep the pressure on them to allow journalists to report freely and fairly wherever they might be.
On this 30th anniversary of the founding of World Press Freedom Day we join others around the globe and call on Russia to release Evan Gershkovich, Mexico to step up its investigations of murdered journalists and for all countries to ensure members of the press are safe to do their work.
Originally approved in December 1993, World Press Freedom Day was designed to celebrate the basic principles of press freedom around the globe, look back on how countries are protecting the rights of journalists to report, defend the news media from being attacked for doing their job, and to pay tribute to fallen journalists.
About the News Literacy Project
The News Literacy Project, the nation’s leading provider of news literacy education, is a nonpartisan education nonprofit that is building a national movement to advance the practice of news literacy throughout American society, creating better informed, more engaged and more empowered individuals – and ultimately a stronger democracy.


Abstract: The awareness of one's self as a unique sentient agent might be thought of as fundamental to mental health. Though disrupted in most if not all psychiatric disorders, it is the hallmark of depersonalisation disorder. This is a non-psychotic condition in which sufferers feel themselves to be “unreal” in some way and that their experience of the world is also unreal. Evidence suggests that part of the problem may be due to suppression of physiological arousal especially in response to emotion, which interrupts the experience of a vital sense of self, and that this maps on to lateral prefrontal and insula systems. Insight in neuropsychiatry may be thought of as a particular kind of self-awareness involving the appraisal and judgement on whether one's functions or experiences are pathological in some way. A midline cortical system has been identified as critical for self-appraisal. Lack of awareness of illness or deficits has been studied in patients with for example: schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and brain injury. Unawareness may apply to several domains such as social behaviour, psychopathology, memory and executive function and can be measured by different methods including discrepancy scores between patients' own and others' ratings. Our research has shown that patient groups with varying levels of deficit in each domain show varying levels of awareness. Low mood and executive impairment is associated with lack of insight in all groups while insight into memory deficits is closely tied to memory deficits themselves. We can conclude that insight is multidimensional and domain specific but that it also has associations, which are common across domains and disorders. The sense of self and awareness that one is ill or impaired appear to be separate phenomena and may relate to lateral and medial frontal executive systems, respectively.
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Ships still use this historic lighthouse to navigate dangerous, island waters.
The Wadjemup Lighthouse, also known as Rottnest Island Light Station, was the first stone lighthouse constructed in Western Australia and the nation’s first to have a rotating beam. Overlooking the Perth coast, the lighthouse helped guide ships into the busy Fremantle Port. Constructed in 1849, the original lighthouse stood 65 feet tall (20 meters) and was made from local limestone. Rottnest Island had been used as a penal settlement for Aboriginal people since 1838. Aboriginal convicts were forced to construct the lighthouse over the course of nine years.
On January 18, 1849, Samuel Thomas was appointed the lighthouse’s first keeper, two years before the lighthouse was lit in 1851. Thomas used a system of flags and flares to indicate the arrival of ships. These signals were then seen from the lookout on the mainland at Fremantle.
The original lighthouse was knocked down and a larger tower was built in 1896. This light was connected to a supply of electricity in 1936 and eventually became fully automatic in 1990. It continues to be an essential navigation light for ships sailing to and from Fremantle, Perth.
The Wadjemup Lighthouse is now a State Heritage Listed building and is part of a small gathering of structures which includes the foundations of the original 1849 tower, the 19th-century lighthouse keeper’s cottage, and a World War II battery observation post.
Know Before You Go
There are guided tours which give visitors the opportunity to climb the 155 stairs of the Wadjemup Lighthouse.
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The Northern rattlesnake-master (Eryngium yuccifolium), an unusual prairie species native to the eastern and central United States, has been named the 2016 North Carolina Wildflower of the Year by the North Carolina Botanical Garden (NCBG) and the Garden Club of North Carolina.
With a clump of leathery strap-like, blue green leaves and a single upright flowering stalk, this distinctive plant more closely resembles a yucca than its closest relatives in the carrot family (Apiaceae). Its interesting form and texture make it a good garden plant, and also one that attracts a steady abundance of pollinators.
The common name of this plant comes from early 18th century accounts of Native Americans applying a root preparation to their hands and arms to protect them while handling rattlesnakes and also brewing a root tea to use as rattlesnake antivenom. One of the earliest known uses of the plant dates back 8,000 years, when prehistoric North Americans used the fiber from its thick leaves to make shoes and sandals.
To receive a free packet of Northern rattlesnake-master seeds, send a stamped, self-addressed, business envelope with attention to NCWFOY 2016, North Carolina Botanical Garden, UNC–Chapel Hill, CB 3375, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3375.
The NCBG and the Garden Club of North Carolina work together to promote the use of native plants in home gardens. Each year since 1982, a native perennial has been chosen and seeds of that wildflower are distributed to interested gardeners. To view a list of the past 34 North Carolina Wildflowers of the Year, visit ncbg.unc.edu/north-carolina-wildflower-of-the-year.
Source: North Carolina Botanical Garden


New York Capital of Photography
For street photographers, New York has always been a city of unparalleled visual excitement, teeming with diverse people and distinctive neighbourhoods. This is an examination of how photographers chronicled New York throughout the 20th century, how the city changed their vision, and how their work affected ideas about New York throughout the world. The volume presents the work of both famous and lesser-known photographers, many of them Jewish. An underlying theme in this pictorial history of New York is the critical role played by Jewish sensibility. Max Kozloff begins with the development of street photography that emerged in New York in the early 1900s with a local school of photographers led by Alfred Stieglitz. Documenting work, loneliness, play, conflict, love and spectacle, this group came to define urban perception as the characteristic visual experience of modernity. Some photographers also became social activists, observing New York’s ethnic and racial diversity and focusing their lenses on newcomers and marginalized groups. From the 1930s to 1960s, Kozloff shows, members of the New York School envisioned the city in a different way, as a processing centre for immigrants, a site of commercial display, and a crossroads of world culture. In the 1950s and 1960s, photographers saw New York as an uneasy battleground, and their pictures caught the forces of civil rights, sexual liberation, and leftist politics as they clashed with traditional powers. Finally, as the century waned, photographers became more self-conscious, The photographers featured in this book include Berenice Abbott, Diane Arbus, Richard Avedon, Margaret Bourke-White, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Larry Clark, Walker Evans, Lee Friedlander, Nan Goldin, Lewis Hine, Joel Myerowitz, Gordon Parks, Irving Penn, Ben Shahn, Edward Steichen, Alfred Steiglitz, Paul Strand, Weegee, and Garry Winogrand.
Sin existencias en este momento. Si desea información sobre el libro, por favor contacte con firstname.lastname@example.org


Department or Administrative Unit
National stakeholders are becoming increasingly concerned about the inability of college graduates to think critically. Research shows that, while both faculty and students deem critical thinking essential, only a small fraction of graduates can demonstrate the thinking skills necessary for academic and professional success. Many faculty are considering nontraditional teaching methods that incorporate undergraduate research because they more closely align with the process of doing investigative science. This study compared a research-focused teaching method called community-based inquiry (CBI) with traditional lecture/laboratory in general education biology to discover which method would elicit greater gains in critical thinking. Results showed significant critical-thinking gains in the CBI group but decreases in a traditional group and a mixed CBI/traditional group. Prior critical-thinking skill, instructor, and ethnicity also significantly influenced critical-thinking gains, with nearly all ethnicities in the CBI group outperforming peers in both the mixed and traditional groups. Females, who showed decreased critical thinking in traditional courses relative to males, outperformed their male counterparts in CBI courses. Through the results of this study, it is hoped that faculty who value both research and critical thinking will consider using the CBI method.
Quitadamo, Ian J.; Faiola, Celia L.; Johnson, James E.; and Kurtz, Martha J., "Community-based Inquiry Improves Critical Thinking in General Education Biology" (2008). All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences. 242.
Life Sciences Education
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.
© 2008 by The American Society for Cell Biology
This article was originally published in Life Sciences Education. The full-text article from the publisher can be found here.


An exceptionally large-scale radiation exposure experiment at Vanderbilt University was funded by the U.S. Public Health Service and involved 820 poor pregnant Caucasian women who were given tracer doses of radioactive iron in a “cocktail” drink. The researchers worked with the Tennessee State Department of Health and they did not inform the women what was in the drink, nor were they informed that they were part of an experiment. The radiation portion of the experiment was designed study the absorption of iron during pregnancy under the direction of Dr. Paul Hahn. Vanderbilt researchers who re-examined the data in 1963–1964, claimed no significant difference in malignancy rates between exposed and non-exposed mothers. However,
a higher number of malignancies among the exposed offspring (four cases in the exposed group: acute lymphatic leukemia, synovial sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, and primary liver carcinoma, which was discounted as a rare, familial form of cancer). No cases were found in a control group of similar size…This led the researchers to conclude that the data suggested a causal relationship between the prenatal exposure to Fe-59 and the cancer. The investigators also concluded that Dr. Hahn’s estimate of fetal exposure was an underestimation of the fetal-absorbed dose. (ACHRE Report Chapter 7)
The Advisory Committee found that at least 27 experiments exposed pregnant or nursing mothers and their babies in nontherapeutic research between 1944–1974.


Counting Travis County's Homeless Population
Across the United States, groups are attempting to get a firm count of the number of homeless people living in their midst. In Travis County this past weekend, the count was led by a group called Ending Community Homelessness or ECHO.
For the first time in the history of the count, volunteers reached the Travis County limits in order to get more accurate numbers.
"Every year we try to make changes that will help us to get a more accurate picture of who's out there. We've been working towards that and, this year, we had enough volunteers to send to the furthest areas of the county," count coordinator Tera Bock says.
The data determines the level of federal funding the area will receive and also helps organizers find out what services need improvement.
"The amount of people in our community who are poor has increased to a certain degree and any time there's a downturn, as we experienced recently, there's more adversity effected by that downturn," longtime ECHO volunteer Rick Rivera says.
This year, ECHO had a record number of volunteers—about 300. That's up from 200 volunteers last year.
ECHO is set to release the raw data from this past weekend in a couple of weeks.


Climate disasters, storms and floods, growing worldwide
Swiss Re report on the impact of climate disasters in the first half of the year
(Sustainabilityenvironment.com) – In the first half of 2022, climate and natural disasters caused 72 billion dollars of damage in the world. The figure is in line with the average of the last 10 years ($74 billion) and much lower than the figure reached in 2021, when only between January and June the bill had reached 91 billion. The estimate comes from Swiss Re, Swiss reinsurance company that has recently issued the usual periodic report.
The upward trend in the impact of climate disasters on the total of calamitous events continues. And it is a growth that affects all continents indistinctly, the effect of the climate crisis that continues to run towards a global warming between 2.4 and 2.9 °C and that, locally, already touches these values in some parts of the year.
In the first half of 2022, a series of winter storms in Europe, unprecedented floods in Australia and South Africa, and a large number of storms in the United States and Europe were the main causes of the increase. Overall, all the climate disasters that have occurred have caused $35 billion in damage to insured assets, an average growth of 22% in the last 10 years.
Storms and floods are the most worrying. “The effects of climate change are evident in increasingly extreme weather events, such as unprecedented floods in Australia and South Africa. This confirms the trend we have observed over the last five years, namely that the secondary risks are causing the insured damages in every corner of the world”, comments Martin Bertogg of Swiss Re. “Unlike hurricanes or earthquakes, these dangers are ubiquitous and compounded by the rapid urbanization of particularly vulnerable areas. Given the scale of the devastation worldwide, secondary hazards require the same disciplined risk assessment of primary hazards such as hurricanes”.


Kassos (Kàssos, Κάσος) is a small rocky island, steeply raising from the Karpathian sea, at the southernmost part of the Dodecanese islands with a population of 1.088 inhabitants. It is 18 km long with a coast long about 55 km and covers a total area of 64 sq. km. It is located very close to the shores of Karpathos (about 3 nmi) and the eastern part of Crete (26 nmi). The highest peak is Prionas Mt. at 545 m. while there are 5 inhabited settlements on the island. Fry (Frì, Φρύ) is the capital and harbor while Agia Marina, built on a slope above Fry, is the biggest village.
This small island has a long, rich history, with traces dating back to the Minoan Period and a strong naval tradition. It is estimated that during the times of the Greek Revolution, Kassos population numbered about 12.000 people. The island paid a heavy price for its generous involvement in the Revolution. In the spring of 1824, Ottoman naval forces destroyed the islands and its villages completely, killing about 1.000 people, raping and bringing to slavery the women and children.
The islands is full of beautiful churches, scattered in all around its territory, and impressive captain houses. There is a number of beautiful beaches of any type and many coves to explore. The locals are open ad warm. They’re famous for their dairy products and their traditional recipes that combine tastes of the Mediterranean with spices from the East.
Kassos is regularly connected by ferry and by air with Rhodes, Karpathos and Crete.


Philadelphia, PA - Philadelphia is the biggest city in Pennsylvania and the sixth largest in the United States. The city is between New Jersey, Maryland, and New York on the Delaware River. It is an important business, educational, and cultural center.
How many people live in Philadelphia?
How many people are expected to live in Philadelphia by 2023? It is the sixth-largest city in America and the largest in Pennsylvania, with a population of 1,527.886 in 2023.
Philadelphia is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in America. Its residents are a mix of races: 41% are black, 35% white, and 13% Latino.
Philadelphia has many attractions and activities to offer people looking for variety. Each neighborhood also has its own unique character.
Rapid growth in the area has attracted people from all over the country, including those looking to start a new life or experience something different.
Some visitors are drawn to Philadelphia by its universities, such as Temple University and Drexel University. It can lead to a more youthful and active population, which is in everyone's best interest.
Residents of the city are also proud of its growing food scene. This includes restaurants and shops. These developments boost the local economy and keep people in the area for a long time - to everyone's advantage!
This information is invaluable to anyone who wants to invest in real estate or start a business within their community. It can also be helpful to those looking to increase the number of residents in a city by attracting more people.
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Mostly, people hear that consuming vitamins and minerals would keep them fit, but overdoing them may put the life at risk.
Most of them intake vitamin capsules forever small pain, but eating vitamin tablets on a higher degree may hamper the health and could lead to some adverse effects such as hair loss or diarrhea, says a nutritionist. Vitamin capsules can be consumed by one for filling the lack of nutrients in the diet. A study states that nearly 31% of Americans are at a threat of being deficient in at least any one of the vitamins. It is also said that unwanted vitamin supply in the body may also lead to various problems. When someone intakes a vitamin supplement and that is not required for the body presently and the body is not lacking behind in that nutrient, it may lead to occurrence of malignant problems which may lead to diarrhea, hair loss, vomiting, exhaustion, bellyache, abdominal problems and sometimes may lead toy neural damage.
Some vitamins are dissolvable such as vitamin C and vitamin B, and they can be removed from the body in the form of urine if not required by the body. Some fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E, K cannot be avoided by the body and may lead to many virulent buildup overtime. And if it leads to overdose in severe cases it may even lead to hospitalization. Excluding the use of soluble vitamins is less harmful as compared to the insoluble vitamins, for instance overcoming of vitamin C may lead to many severe diseases. Intake of vitamin C is very helpful and essential but intake of this vitamin in an extreme level may show adverse effects on health. Overtake of vitamins can even hamper the digestive system. People are advised to take vitamin D instead of vitamin C so as to receive natural sunlight.


Our Biology field courses provide students with the opportunity to explore hands-on techniques in ecology and conservation, while gaining insight into the impacts at the population and community-wide level. Through these small-class experiences, students focus on diverse habitats, organisms, and their ecology and evolution by conducting course-based research studies both at McMaster and beyond.
Biology 3JJ3- Field Methods in Ecology
Course Instructor: Dr. Susan Dudley
Biology 3JJ3-Field Methods in Ecology provides students with hands-on, experiential learning in field ecology within the local McMaster community (e.g. at the MacForest). Students complete labs related to community, population, conservation, evolutionary and behavioural ecology, and learn to identify organisms from dichotomous and computer-based keys. During this 3-unit course, students also learn the theory behind sampling, and then implement their own sampling protocols in the field. By the end of the course, students will be able to design an experiment, critically think about issues in field measurement of ecological variables, and recognize the importance of an organism’s natural history.
Biology 3R03/4J03 – Field Biology I/ II
Course Coordinator: Dr. Jianping Xu / Course Administrator: Tyler Charlebois
The Department of Biology participates in two programs that provide students with unique opportunities to gain field biology experience locally and around the world.
Both programs allow a McMaster student to take field courses offered by other universities in Ontario (OUPFB) and through Operation Wallacea (OPWALL) without having to apply for transfer credit (letter of permission courses).
For specific detail about each program’s procedures, please see the following links:
Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB) – full module listing


By Conqueor Team
Improving your short-and long-term memory can not only boost your productivity at work but can also influence your decision-making and organisational skills. Improved memory can also aid in stress reduction, which can improve your performance and overall happiness at work. Improving your memory takes time and regular brain exercise.
In this article, we’ll talk about memory games and how you can use them to improve your memory, as well as other brain-boosting tips. Memory games are a fun way to exercise your mind while improving your memory. The brain, like our bodies, requires regular use to stay healthy and sharp. Memory games challenge the mind and aid in the growth and expansion of grey matter in our brains, which influences memory. Here are a few of these brain-training games.
Jigsaw puzzles are excellent brain training games because they require you to use both the left and right sides of your brain at the same time. They also strengthen the connections between brain cells, which increases mental speed and short-term memory. Jigsaw puzzles also improve visual-spatial reasoning because you must examine the individual pieces and determine where they fit into the overall picture.
Sudoku can help you remember things better and stimulate other parts of your brain. To complete this game, you must keep a range of numbers in your head while mentally placing them in one of the nine grid spaces.
This game heavily relies on working memory to memorise the numbers and then logical thinking to fill in the blanks. Sudoku can help to improve concentration and problem-solving skills because it requires players to think strategically and creatively to solve problems. Players learn to make decisions and act with less hesitancy.
Chess was created to be a mentally demanding and intellectually challenging game. To fully analyse the board and devise a strategy for each move, it is necessary to rely on short-term memory. You will also need to anticipate your opponent’s moves and ensure that each move helps you achieve your end goal. This action activates your long-term memory, so you’re working both sides of your brain in a cyclical pattern.
Try our online course for more great tips and guidelines on how to improve your memory power. The course was created by experienced professionals. It will help you complete your tasks without forgetting important details, as well as manage conditions such as dementia.


Flying looks easy. It can be, but it can also kill you faster than you can say John F. Kennedy, jr.
This is what pilots understand that most people don’t, and it’s something that might seem very basic (but it isn’t):
The spatial understanding of operating a very fast vehicle in 3 dimensions, actually 4 if including time, and then performing that task without any visual references. Adding the extra dimensions greatly complicates the problem, as you must not only master the horizontal, but also the vertical. Mastery of roll, pitch and yaw are also added to the equation, plus a pilot must know exactly where they are in relation to the world at all times.
That’s what separates flying from driving or boating. Unlike driving or boating, an airplane can’t pull over and stop. It must keep moving until it lands, runs out of fuel, or impacts the ground. If a car slows down too much, people behind them might honk their horns. If an airplane slows down too much, it will fall out of the sky, spin, and crash if corrective action isn’t immediately taken. Running out of gas in a car or a boat is inconvenient. In an airplane, it’s deadly.
Things happen fast in an airliner. An airliner can exceed ground speeds in excess of 750 mph, and a pilot must be able to think faster than the aircraft can fly. Get behind the aircraft, and it will blindly fly you into the ground or the side of a hill.
Failure to be proficient in operating an airplane in 4 dimensions, or in staying ahead of the airplane, are the number one causes of flying accidents. Most people are unaware of this fact until they undertake formal flight training.


Asthma and allergies are two related conditions that can significantly impact a person’s health and quality of life. While they have some similarities, they are distinct conditions with different causes and treatment approaches.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe. Symptoms of asthma can include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma is often triggered by environmental factors such as allergens (like pollen, dust mites, and animal dander), air pollution, and cold air.
Allergies, on the other hand, are an overreaction of the immune system to a particular substance in the environment, known as an allergen. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods or medications. Allergy symptoms can vary depending on the allergen and can include sneezing, itching, runny nose, and hives.
There is a significant overlap between asthma and allergies, as allergies can trigger asthma symptoms. In fact, many people with asthma also have allergies. Allergic asthma is a type of asthma that is triggered by an allergic reaction, and it accounts for around 60% of all asthma cases.
Treatment for asthma and allergies can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the specific triggers. Medications such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antihistamines can be used to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. In some cases, immunotherapy (allergy shots) may be recommended to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens.
In addition to medication, there are several lifestyle changes that can help manage asthma and allergies. These can include avoiding known triggers, keeping the home free of allergens, and maintaining good overall health through regular exercise and a healthy diet.
Overall, asthma and allergies can be challenging conditions to manage, but with the right treatment and lifestyle modifications, many people are able to successfully manage their symptoms and live healthy, active lives.


(also mobile malicious software)
Mobile malware definition
Mobile malware is malicious code or software that targets smartphones, tablets, and other widely used mobile devices to access and exploit private data. Mobile malware has many forms and shapes, such as spyware, viruses, trojan horses, and worms. All these malicious programs can steal personal data, display unwanted pop-up ads, or even take control of your device. Usually, mobile malware can infect your device through a malicious app, text messages that contain links to infected and malicious websites, and phishing emails.
Different types of mobile malware
Different types of malware are created for various purposes, but the common goal is to infect mobile devices for personal needs. Here are the most popular types of mobile malware:
- Ransomware: This type of malware used by attackers locks the user’s device or particular data on the device. Attackers use encryption to lock the devices and then demand payment from the user before decrypting the user’s device or data.
- Mobile adware: This malicious adware is also known as “malvertising.” This malware displays unwanted and annoying pop-up ads on the user’s device. That way, attackers generate money. Sometimes pop-up ads tempt users to download malicious software that can steal their personal information such as log-in details, contacts, or location information.
- Mobile spyware: Spyware attacks synchronize with different apps on the mobile device, such as email accounts, calendar apps, notes, and email accounts. That way, the spyware monitors the user’s activity, collects personal data, and sends it to a remote server. That way, users can lose their credit card numbers and other valuable information.
- Botnets: Botnets run seamlessly and automatically when installed on a device. These botnet networks gain complete control over users’ devices. Then the device is controlled remotely by the attackers for further exploitation.
- Trojans: Trojans or bank trojans is malware that disguises itself as legitimate application or software. Once the user installs this type of malware, it can steal personal information, take over the device control or exploit it in other malicious ways. Bank trojans focus on banking actions, including money transfers, bill payments, etc. They aim to steal financial log-ins and passwords.


By NICHOLAS BAKALAR
June 7, 2017
In cases of melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, doctors will determine its spread by examining a lymph node. If malignant cells are found, the standard treatment is to surgically remove all the lymph nodes in the same area.
But a clinical trial has now called this procedure into question.
Researchers randomly assigned 1,939 melanoma patients with lymph node metastases to lymph node removal or continued observation using ultrasound. The study is in The New England Journal of Medicine.
After three years, there was no difference in survival between the two groups. But adverse events were more common in the group that had surgery.
The lead author, Dr. Mark B. Faries, co-director of the melanoma program at the Angeles Clinic in Los Angeles, said that for some patients, the surgery can still be useful.
“If any other lymph nodes are involved, there is a higher risk for recurrence and death,” he said. “So it adds information about long-term outlook. But it’s just information.”
Even though the added information does not improve survival, he said, it may help patients “decide if they want more treatment, want to go into a clinical trial, or just be followed. I leave the decision up to the patient, and try to guide them based on their personality.”


Exhaust gases containing sulphur dioxide, also known as sulphur dioxide gas, are a common by-product of industrial processes. Sulphur dioxide is a colourless, pungent-smelling gas that is produced when sulphur-based fuels are burned. Common uses for sulphur dioxide include its use in laundry detergents, as an industrial bleaching agent, and as a preservative for food and beverages.
When rubber is exposed to sulphur dioxide, the rubber material can become brittle and cracked, leading to potential failure. In addition, sulphur dioxide can react with the rubber, causing it to break down into smaller components, leading to further degradation and potential failure. As sulphur dioxide is a powerful oxidizing agent, it can also cause premature aging of rubber, making it more vulnerable to failure.
Viton ® o-rings from Marco Rubber offer excellent compatibility with a range of chemicals, oils and resist high temperatures up to 400F. Viton ® is also known as FKM made of fluoroelastomer one of the most versatile and widely used sealing materials.
View some of our other material compatibility ratings with EXHAUST GASES, CONTAINING SULPHUR DIOXIDE. If you don't see what you're looking for or need more guidance, our team of experienced sealing design engineers can help select the best sealing products and material for your specific application.View Full Chemical Compatibility Guide


Reference Standards for NDT
PH Tool Reference Standards has been the recognized leader in the manufacture of Reference Standards used in the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) industry. We are the only company who makes standards, and nothing but standards. As a result, our expertise is second-to-none, as is our commitment to producing the finest notch standards available today. Let’s face it, without professionally manufactured, NIST traceable standards, how reliable are the results of your inspection? In the quality-conscious age we live in, it is increasingly important to trust your critical masters to the company who can deliver on the promise of making “the standards of excellence.”
Selecting a Reference Standard
To ensure accurate and repeatable inspection, testing equipment must be standardized and calibrated so that data taken by different operators are comparable and can be matched against inspection norms. Selection of a reference standard is determined by testing technique, type of material to be inspected, type of discontinuity to be detected, and any additional application or industry-specific requirements. Reference standards are representative tools designed to ASTM, ASME, AMS, ISO, and many other specifications. They are used to standardize responses from testing equipment. Samples with EDM Notches and Flat-bottom Holes are often used to standardize amplitude of the detected signal with respect to the size and/or position of known reflectors. Side-drilled holes are also an effective target for such standardizations.
Preparing a Reference Standard
In cases where reference standards are made from scratch, care needs to be taken to use materials as similar to the component under test as possible. It is often preferable or required to prepare a reference standard from a piece of the same material as that to be tested. This is most often accomplished by introducing EDM notches or machined holes into the actual test object. The advantage of such a reference standard is that the test object and the standard will have the same composition, manufacturing history, surface condition, and geometry.
In all cases, reference standards must be prepared and used in accordance with well-designed specifications that cover the material selection, the manufacture of artificial defects, and of course, instructions for the specific testing application.


September 22 is Character Day, an international day that fosters a conversation around developing character strengths (resilience, grit, empathy, courage, kindness) – all rooted in evidence-based research. We’d like to share some resources that can help youth think about, and develop, their character.
- Behaving Ethically Online: Ethics and Empathy
- Behaving Ethically Online: Ethics and Values
- Cyberbullying and Civic Participation
- Promoting Ethical Behaviour Online
- That’s Not Cool: Healthy and Respectful Relationships Online
- First, Do No Harm: Being an Active Witness to Cyberbullying
- Online Relationships: Respect and Consent
- Respecting Yourself and Others Online Workshop
- Your Connected Life: A Teen’s Guide to Life Online
- Be Respectful, Patient and Kind: How Youth are Building a Better World Online
- Do the Right Thing - Tip Sheet
- Getting the Goods Ethically
- Promoting Ethical Online Behaviours with Your Kids
- Raising Ethical Kids For a Networked World
Videos from Let It Ripple, the organizers of Character Day
- The Adaptable Mind
- The Science of Character
- The Making of a Mensch
- Class Dojo
- Gratitude Revealed
Additionally, Let It Ripple has a collection of online resources about the science of character.
Share your thoughts on character with the #CharacterDay2016 hash tag online!
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The answer is from out of state, mostly.
Major fires have been reported in Montana, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, California, and Oregon. People as far away as Cody Wyoming are suffering the effects from the smoke, such as hard to breath, itchy eyes, and even headaches.
When a forest fire or range fire—is hundreds or thousands of miles away, the smoke lifts to the upper atmosphere and travels along and powered by the wind and can affect people many miles away.
When an individual understands why the air in Cody and Powell, Wyoming, is filled with a smoke haze. They also understand fire and smoke causes a chain reaction.
When wildfires burn, large amounts of smoke from the fires are catapulted into the air.
Where is all this smoke coming from in Cody Wyoming
The stronger the wildfire, the smoke will reach even higher into the atmospheric regions.
The higher the smoke reaches, the farther smoke can travel on the wind currents.
In many massive fire incidents, the smoke from the fire can create and form an explosive storm cloud called Pyrocumulonimbus.
All weather elements will affect the behavior of fire and it’s effect. This is also called the production and dispersion of the smoke.
This is why the skies in Cody and Powell appear to have a haze of smoke everywhere. If you can not smell the smoke, then the farther away the wildfire is.


Learn more about careers as database administrators. Find information on career opportunities, tasks and duties, educational requirements, and salary information. View popular schools that prepare students for careers as database administrators.
Duties & Tasks
Database administrators are responsible for testing database programs for functionality and security. They also make modifications to existing databases when necessary. They are tasked with coordinating and implementing security procedures in order to protect computer files against unauthorized access or damage. Database administrators may be asked to train users of databases and provide direction when necessary. They also are responsible for supervising the installation of new computer programs and databases for an organization. In addition, they may be in charge of developing user guidelines for those requiring access to database programs.
Individuals interested in becoming a database administrator should pursue a baccalaureate degree in management information systems or other computer-related field. Some larger employers may require a master’s degree as well. These programs may teach students the fundamentals of database language, most commonly SQL. Database administrators may also wish to pursue certification which is generally offered by software firms and product vendors. While this certification is not required, employers may prefer applicants who are certified over those who are not.
Students may choose to specialize in certain areas pertinent to the needs of their employer. These specialization areas include the following:
- Application Database Administrators:
- System Database Administrators:
These database administrators support a specific application within a database program, such as customer service software. They manage all aspects of their assigned application or set of applications.
This specialization is in charge of the technical aspect of database administration. They are responsible for installing upgrades, repairing problems, and applying patches to fix system bugs.
Salary & Job Growth
Employment opportunities for database administrators is projected to increase by 31% from 2010-2020. This rise in employment may be due to the rapid increase in data collection by organizations. The need for database security is also another reason for the increase. As of 2010, there were over 110,000 individuals employed as database administrators. They earn an annual salary of $73,490 and an average hourly rate of $35.33.


Why You Shouldn’t Wash Chicken Before Cooking
It’s important to follow food safety guidelines when cooking. Bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses can easily be transferred to your hands, kitchen surfaces, utensils, and other food when you wash chicken or turkey before cooking.
Doesn’t poultry have harmful bacteria that you should wash off?
Yes, poultry can harbor harmful bacteria. When you wash raw poultry, though, bacteria from the bird’s surface can spread to the sink, countertops, other surfaces throughout your kitchen, and other foods. Washing chicken before cooking is a food safety no-no.
A study from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) found that:
60% of the participants who washed their raw poultry had bacteria in their sink after washing or rinsing the poultry.
26% of participants that washed raw poultry transferred bacteria from that raw poultry to their ready-to-eat foods.
If you don’t wash chicken, how do you remove the bacteria and avoid getting sick?
Instead of washing the poultry, you should make sure to cook the chicken or turkey to a safe internal temperature (165° F for breast/ 175° F for thigh), measured by a food thermometer, to destroy any harmful bacteria.
Some other steps to take to make sure your food is safe:
- Make sure any foods that will not be cooked are stored safely away from where you are handling raw chicken.
- Use a separate cutting board and make sure to wash and sanitize after use.
- After handling raw chicken, make sure to clean and sanitize any surface that could have been contaminated. Use hot soapy water to wipe down countertops and the sink and then use a sanitizer.
- Make sure to wash your hands with soap and warm water, scrubbing for at least 20 seconds.
To be safe and decrease your chance of getting sick, don’t wash raw chicken.
In order to keep your family safe from harmful bacteria that can cause foodborne illnesses, you should NOT wash raw poultry before cooking. The safest way to avoid getting sick is by cooking chicken or turkey thoroughly to a safe internal temperature. Be aware of what surfaces may have been contaminated with bacteria, and use hot soapy water and a sanitizer. Finally, always make sure you wash your hands!


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- Protect the enamel of permanent teeth of 7 to 12 year old
- Contains Fluorinol (Nicomethanol hydrofluoride), amino fluoride, which rapidly and intensely binds to the enamel to help stengthen and protect the teeth
- Contains Siliglycol to delay bacteria adhesion and prolong the action of Fluorinol, even after brushing
- Reinforced protection of milk teeth enamel against tooth decay.
- Gentle cleansing and non-abrasive base that respects the enamel and gums
- Protects the enamel of milk teeth of 3 to 6 year old with its adapted concentration in fluoride (1000ppm of fluoride ions).
- Gentle and non-abrasive toothpaste gel rapidly and intensely binds to the enamel to help strengthen and protect the teeth.
- Delay bacteria adhesion and prolong the action Fluorinol, even after brushing.
- Daily care for sensitive teeth and recurrence prevention
- Remineralizes and reinforces enamel
- Reduces dental sensitivity whilst preventing recurrence
- Daily hygiene toothpaste for sensitive gum and to reduce dental plaque
- Helps to prevent dental plaque and tartar build-up, the major causes of tooth decay and gum disease such as gingivitis.
- Daily care for decay prevention
- Contains Fluorinol which mineralizes enamel
- Contains Siliglycol which encourages fluoride binding and delays bacterial attack