Association of Professional Landscape Designers on Sustainable Landscaping Practices
The Association of Professional Landscape Designers (APLD) offers references, guides and links to help with the various aspects of sustainability landscaping:
APLD Guide to Sustainable Soils: A document that outlines the main issues landscape professionals should know about soils: from the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and their interactions to the role of soils in sustainability.
Lawns: Guidelines for Creating Environmentally Responsible Landscapes: This publication represents the landscape design community’s desire to better assist in making more prudent and informed environmental decisions in residential landscapes. Consequences of previous decision-making now threaten not only the well being of the air, water, land, and wildlife, but of our own community as well. This material suggestion we work together to help redefine the lawn into a friendly element of our everyday landscape.
Water in the Landscape — APLD Guidelines for Designing Landscapes That Respect Water Resources: This is a summary of water management from a sustainability perspective.
Native Plants in the Landscape — APLD’s Commitment: This piece defines native plants and presents an overview of their importance in the landscape.
The Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES) – a set of voluntary national guidelines and performance benchmarks for sustainable landscape design, construction and maintenance practices.
Lawn Reform Coalition – a coalition of gardening and environmental advocates based in the United States.
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) – a non-profit trade organization based in Washington, D.C. that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built, and operated, responsible for the green building certification program known as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design).
Living Building Challenge – a philosophy, advocacy tool and certification program developed by the International Living Future Institute that addresses development at all scales, and comprising seven performance areas: site, water, energy, health, materials, equity and beauty.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency: Green Infrastructure – an explanation of green infrastructure and a compilation of tools, resources and case studies.


OISE. (2017, April 11). First Nation Representations in the Media. Retrieved October 13, 2017, from http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/deepeningknowledge/Teacher_Resources/First_Nations_Representation_in_the_Media/index.html
This resource page from the University of Toronto provides links to books, films and videos, podcasts, and websites that center around representations of First Nations people in the media. Having the variety of resource types is important, as the information can appeal to a broader audience and present the ideas in multiple ways. The linked resources come from the voices of both Indigenous peoples such as Wab Kinew or Frank Waln and from organizations such as the Canadian Race Relations Foundation, and are contemporarily relevant. Similar to the course resource of Mary Simon’s interview, many of these resources provide readers and viewers with an opportunity to understand representation from an Indigenous perspective and to broaden their understanding of historical and current storytelling in the media.
One aspect that has come up in the discussions is the point that many people would like to improve our practice but are at a loss when it comes to finding resources or information to help us expand our ideas.
This website is designed specifically for educators looking to expand their knowledge about First Nations, Inuit, and Metis worldviews. Their mission is to help teachers infuse these worldviews into teaching. This is a beautifully designed website, and absolutely packed with information.
The Yukon First Nations Education Resource has curriculum type documents including lesson plans and teacher guides.
While many thought of Indian independence from the British as a landmark event which would guarantee sovereignty over all territory and the creation of a unanimous Indian identity, things were different for the Adivasis of India. While looking at the history of colonization in India in the context of the Adivasis, I came across a very informative work by Dip Kapoor from the University of Alberta. It sheds light on the current issues of the Adivasis and their perspectives of post colonial independent India about land, culture and education.


If a brown coating covers the substrate of your aquarium and looks unattractive, let’s hope it is diatoms! The alternative would be smear algae - and they are not as easy to get rid of as diatoms.
Diatoms only look great under a microscope: They are among the most beautiful geometric forms in the plant kingdom. But without a microscope they are really ugly, although they do not disturb or negatively affect the fish at all. In the wild grazing cichlids of Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi even eat up a large percentage of the diatoms.
If there is a brownish coating in your aquarium, first quickly test whether they are really diatoms. Take a piece of the brownish coating between your fingers and rub it. If it feels rough, it will be diatoms. Smear algae always remain greasy when rubbed. Then use the JBL PROAQUATEST SiO2 Silicaat to test the silicic acid content of the tap water with which you have filled your aquarium. By the way, the terms silicic acid and silicates are used synonymously (i.e. they mean the same) and they are the cause of diatoms. The pretty algae shells visible under the microscope are made of silicate. If the silicate content is above 0.8 mg/l, they can form these shells and cover our aquarium with the brown coating described above.
To get a grip on diatoms, you only have to remove the building structure, the silicic acid (silicates). Put a bag of JBL SilicatEx rapid in your filter and the diatoms will recede and disappear completely after a short time. If the silicate test in your tap water shows a high silicate content, you really need to work permanently with a silicate remover in your filter. But as I said – smear algae would be much worse to deal with!


We’re familiar with Leonardo da Vinci’s sculptural sketches and engineering diagrams, but he was an innovative cartographer too.
How Leonardo da Vinci made a “satellite” map in 1502
It was a feat of technological and symbolic imagination. And it was pretty accurate, too.
This old map: Da Vinci’s plan of Imola, 1502
A map made by da Vinci would be interesting even if he hadn’t applied his fabled genius to the task. But here, he absolutely did. Besides this being a beautiful map, with its delicate colors and washes, it achieves a technical precision few others did at the time.
Most Renaissance maps are known for their fanciful inclusion of dragons, castles, and undulating mountainsides, and most of them show buildings in elevation, or the “oblique perspective.” But da Vinci’s sought to capture the proportions and relationships between land features more accurately, and he developed new technologies to do so. To make this map of Imola, he may have used the special hodometer and magnetic compass he’d already invented (he’d been fascinated by maps and optics for years). With careful measurements in hand, he drew every “street, plot of land, church, colonnade, gate and square, the whole encompassed by the moat,” writes the Renaissance historian Paul Strathern.
Da Vinci centered the plan in a circle with four crossing lines, representing the points on a compass. And he showed the city ichnographically, “as if viewed from an infinite number of viewpoints,” perhaps inspired by his study of avian flight. It is the earliest such map in existence.


Employees with disabilities should be aware of their rights in the workplace. This includes understanding what types of accommodations they are legally entitled to, as well as how to handle any discrimination or harassment they may experience. Employees with disabilities should be empowered to speak up for their rights and get the support they need to succeed in the workplace!
Employees with disabilities have the right to ask for reasonable accommodations in order to perform their job duties.
This can include anything from special computer equipment, modified workstations, devices or tools that make tasks easier, additional breaks, and more. Employees have the right to request these accommodations without fear of retribution. Employers must work with employees on a case-by-case basis to determine what accommodations are necessary.
Employees with disabilities also have the right to be free from discrimination and harassment in the workplace.
This includes protection against being treated differently due to a disability, as well as protection against offensive comments or jokes related to a disability. If an employee experiences any form of discrimination or harassment, they should report it to the appropriate person or department at their job.
Employees with disabilities have the right to a safe workplace and should be provided with any necessary assistance or equipment needed in order to do their job safely.
This includes physical adaptations such as wheelchair ramps and special seating arrangements, as well as access to emergency services and facilities maintenance that meets their needs.
Employees with disabilities should also be aware of their rights to privacy when it comes to discussing health issues and medical information in the workplace.
Employers must keep all medical information confidential, including any requests for reasonable accommodations.
Employees with disabilities should feel empowered and supported in the workplace.
They should know that they have the right to ask for reasonable accommodations, report discrimination or harassment, receive assistance with safety protocols, and keep their medical information private. With these rights in mind, employees with disabilities can work towards achieving success in their employment.
The above information is intended to provide general information and should not be considered legal advice. Please consult a qualified attorney if you have any questions or concerns regarding your rights as an employee with a disability. Legal counsel can help ensure that reasonable accommodations are provided, discrimination or harassment is addressed, and other rights are protected. It is important to remember that employees with disabilities have the right to a safe and inclusive work environment. By knowing your rights, you can ensure you get the support you need to succeed in the workplace!


The history of Rotary's work with youth dates back to the 1920s, when many clubs took part in an international event known as Boys' Week.
The first Boys' Week was held in New York City in May 1920 by the Rotary Club of New York and other local organizations. The event was part of an effort to promote youth development in the areas of education, citizenship, health and hygiene, and vocation.
New York club members reported on the success of Boys' Week at the 1920 Rotary convention, hoping that it would become part of the Boys' Work program, which Rotary had established several years earlier with the creation of the Committee on Work among the Boys (later known as the Boys' Work Committee). The program encouraged Rotary clubs to work with other community initiatives and organizations to counter juvenile delinquency, truancy, and poor physical health, with the goal of developing good citizens.
Boys' Week events quickly spread throughout the world. By the mid-1920s, they were being held in almost 600 locations across 25 countries. In 1928, the number of participating cities and towns had grown to about 3,000.
The target audience also grew rapidly. Girls rode on the float sponsored by the Rotary Club of Vicksburg, Mississippi, in a 1924 Loyalty Day parade held in conjunction with Boys' Week.
By the late 1920s, the United States had established a National Boys' Week Committee, in which Rotary participated. Rotary clubs were encouraged to support their local Boys' Week events as a way to achieve the goals of the Boys' Work program.
In 1934, Boys' Week became known as Youth Week, and in 1936, Boys and Girls' Week.
The RI Board of Directors voted to discontinue Rotary's official sponsorship of Boys and Girls' Week in 1956 in order to support new youth efforts, but it encouraged clubs to continue participating in local youth service initiatives.
Rotary went on to create other programs for young people in the following decades, including Interact, Rotaract, and Rotary Youth Exchange.
In 2010, New Generations Service became Rotary's fifth Avenue of Service. Rotarians recognize the positive change that youth and young adults implement through leadership development activities, community and international service projects, and exchange programs that enrich and foster world peace and cultural understanding.


Researchers evaluated data from the 2001 Women's Health Initiative Study, a seven year trial watching over 36,282 post menopausal women. The researchers used the data from this study as well as other studies, to assess whether or not personal use of calcium and Vitamin D supplements lead to an increased risk for heart attack and stroke in women. The researchers concluded from this data that women who took calcium supplements increased their risk of heart attack by 25% to 30% and stroke risk by 15% to 20%, as compared to the women who did not take calcium supplements. When the study looked at calcium intake obtained through the diet alone (without supplements), there was no indication of any increased risk to the women.
Calcium supplements, unlike calcium-rich foods, increased blood calcium levels for a few hours after they're taken, says the lead author. This increase may raise risk of heart disease possibly because the calcium is deposited in the walls of the arteries, making them less pliable.
Many experts now argue that eating a well balanced diet makes supplements unnecessary. Other experts are questioning the strength of the study and advising women to continue with their current supplement program until further information is made available. You can read more about the study here.
Here is a list of some of the best food sources of calcium:
- yogurt, plain, low fat 8oz. 415mg. calcium
- yogurt, fruit flavored, low fat 8oz. 345mg.
- milk, skim 1 cup 291mg.
- milk, chocolate, low fat 1 cup 288mg.
- spinach, frozen, boiled 1 cup 291mg.
- oatmeal, instant, fortified 1 packet 99mg.
- cottage cheese, 1% milkfat 1 cup 138mg.
- baked beans, canned 1 cup 154mg.
- oranges 1 cup 72mg.
- almonds 1/4 cup 70mg.
- black eye peas, boiled 1 cup 211mg.
- white beans, canned 1/2 cup 94mg.
- cereal, fortified 1 oz. 236mg.
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Webster morning minutes
Word of the day
blench: to draw back or turn aside from lack of courage : flinch.
Did you know?
If a stranger approaches you in a dark alley, it might cause you to blench. Do you flinch or turn white? Actually, you could do both, and both would be considered blenching because there are two separate verbs spelled "blench" in English. The "blench" that means "flinch" derives from "blencan," an Old English word meaning "to deceive." The "blench" meaning "turn white" is an alteration of "blanch," from the French adjective "blanc" ("white"). Clues to which meaning is intended can often be found in context. The "flinch" use, for example, is strictly intransitive and often followed by "from" or "at" ("blenched from the sight of blood"; "didn’t blench at the sound of thunder"). The "whiten" use, meanwhile, can be intransitive ("his skin blenched with terror") or transitive ("the cold blenched her lips").
This day in history
Oct. 16, 1923: The Disney company is founded.


I decided to focus my proposal for the “History of Travel through Dublin” utility box design on “the wheel” and place it in the time of when cars first made their appearances here in Dublin, California.
Throughout history, most inventions were inspired by nature: the idea of forks came from forked tree branches and planes from birds. Not the wheel. The wheel is 100% a 'human' innovation. It took a long time for the wheel to be invented and the first wheels were created not for transportation but to serve as potter’s wheels. The ancient Greeks eventually invented the wheelbarrow, a one wheeled, hand drawn vehicle.
Most people recognize the vintage car as an historical image of transportation. I added an old bicycle to highlight the fact that it was a bicycle mechanic, Henry Ford, who invented the first car using advanced bicycle technology.
To humanize the history of the wheel, I adding one person into the image: a child playing a game with an old tire.
It was the wheel that led to the first bicycle that in turn led to the first car. All three (tire game, bicycle and car) represent a common time period in the history of travel through Dublin.
Dublin has dry, hot summers and is bordered by Mount Diablo and the Ridge. I used the colors purple, burnt sienna, yellow, and van Dyke red against a mountainous background.
The silhouettes provide a sense of bygone days.
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Gypsophila – Baby’s Breath, Chalk Plant, Gauze Flower, Fairies’ Breath
The Gypsophila is one of the daintiest of the old-fashioned flowers with a misty grace which is not found in other flowers. The flowers themselves are tiny, white or blush-white and the plants are covered with myriads of these blossoms all during the Summer. The plant grows from 2 feet to 3 feet tall; the foliage is grass-like, the stems are branched minutely and are wiry, and the general appearance is filmy, gauzy, or misty white. Gypsophila paniculata has single flowers, while G. p. flore pleno has larger, double, rosette-like flowers and is more satisfactory. G. acutifolia is frequently cultivated, differing from G. paniculata.in its greener and narrower leaves. G. cerastoides and G. repens monstrosaare trailing species blooming in June and July; the former has pinkish tinged flowers.
UTILIZE. The Baby’s Breath is an excellent cut flower, especially when combined in bouquets or decorations with other flowers which do not have much foliage. The flowers, especially of the double form, can be cut and dried and used during the Winter months. The plants themselves are useful in the hardy border, or as pot plants. The trailing form is useful for edging and for rock gardens.
GENERAL. Gypsophilas endure open, dry places and rather poor soil. The name Gypsophila (Gypsum-loving) seems to indicate its preference for limestone soils. Some gardeners claim that cutting the plants back after blooming is detrimental to them.
PROPAGATION. They may be propagated from seeds or cuttings taken either in the Fall or Spring. The double sorts should be grafted on the root’s of the single flowering ones, as about 30 percent of the seedlings come double from seed. The plants are divided most frequently.
on 75+ Perennials


Chess is a game that requires no physical exertion, only mental acuity. This is why it is dominated by young players, as they are able to recover faster from the rigors of tournament play. The effects of aging on a chess player's game are inevitable, but that doesn't mean that older players should stop playing. It is interesting to compare chess to another mental game, Go, in which players never train against computers.
Magnus Carlsen and Fabiano Caruana are two of the younger generation who have realized the importance of human interaction in maximizing their chess potential. The gradual deterioration of the skills of older players also keeps the competitive chess scene fresh. It is worth considering why two generations of chess players have been so poor, with the exception of Magnus Carlsen. This could be due to the fact that after a long day of playing or studying chess, one feels exhausted.
The analysis does not take into account outliers or other possible disturbances in the data. Chess relies on a healthy body more than most people realize, and the effects of aging on the body can be seen in the brain, which is reflected on the chessboard. A unique aspect of this study was that it highlighted the bias in previous studies when it came to analyzing older chess players' results. Levon Aronian and Boris Spassky have similar tastes for the West and have spent parts of their careers living there.


The ACT25 also had a CV number of CV436 is an air cooled external anode triode. The prototype was the E1996 from M-OV. It was designed for RF power generation in the UHF region between 500 MHz and 1 GHz.
This triode was designed for forced air cooling of the anode. The maximum dissipation is 450 Watts.
The ACT25 was used as a 50cm RF amplifier in the type 232 Radar. This exhibit has the copper and brass external sections as pristine as new unlike our other ACT25.
The ACT22 and ACT23 were introduced in 1947, the ACT23 being very similar in external appearance to the ACT25.
The heater connection. The serial number is 8017. The perforated brass ring is the grid connection.
The cathode is the copper ring on the left.
The central anode with folded strips making up the large surface area required to cool the anode by a forced air flow. The air is confined to the anode region by the outer brass cylinder.
A closer view of the cooling fins. Within the brass cylinder thay cab be seen to be a single folded strip with loops touching both the anode and the brass outer cylinder. However, at the open end where air is admitted the outer tops of the loops have been machined away so that air passed across both sides of the strip.
The disc seal envelope is 51 mm in diameter, and including the base pins is 130 mm tall.


Earth from Space: Abu Dhabi
The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over part of Abu Dhabi – one of the seven emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in this week’s edition of the Earth from Space programme.
Download the image: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/05/Abu_Dhabi
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We are Europe’s gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe’s space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out http://www.esa.int/ESA to get up to speed on everything space related.
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Paxi e a nossa Lua: fases e eclipses
ESA Euronews: Ψάχνετε για ζωή στον Άρη με το ExoMars
Paxi y nuestra Luna: Fases y eclipses
Paxi i nasz Księżyc: Fazy i zaćmienia
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Sorry I think you mean the Arab Gulf
persian gulf not arabian❤


Solving multiplication problems using an array.
3-D shapes with midget gems.
The children went outside and used sticks to make 2-D shapes.
Finding halves and quarters using sticks and leaves! So much fun.
The children have been collecting data about their favourite mini beast. They have been asking and answering questions about the data collected.
Fantastic maths from the receptions today. They are gaining an understanding that teen numbers are 10 plus another number.
Using the Bee-Bots for directional language.
We love outdoor learning! The children had to measure the sticks accurately using a cm ruler and then place them in the right category (shorter than 10cm, between 10cm and 20cm and longer then 20cm). They also predicted beforehand. “The ruler is too short to measure this long stick, I think it will be longer than 20cm” - fantastic vobularly and reasoning!
We have been very busy this week exploring capacity and volume. We made a magic potion to catch the Evil Pea but we had to find the bottle with the largest capacity first. Lots of problem solving!
Using the part part whole method to work out subtraction calculations.
Measuring length using non-standard measures before moving onto standard measures!


Science of Reading aligned! Do your kindergarten or first grade students need practice reading digraphs and blends? These reading activities are perfect for reading lessons or literacy lessons. There are reading passages and comprehension questions, as well as no prep printable worksheets for sh, ch, th, wh digraphs & s, r, l blends.
Students read words, sentences, and passages.
- Read and Choose x7
Students look at pictures and circle the matching words. The bonus activity is to read from a word list.
- Read and Match x7
Students read sentences with digraphs or blends. They cut out pictures and match them to the correct sentences.
- Read and Answer x7
Students read passages. They highlight the digraphs or blends and answer the questions.
Answer keys are included.
- Whole class explicit teaching
- Small group work
- Literacy centers or guided reading
- Independent practice
- Early finishers
- It’s a time saver and no prep – simply print and go!
- It’s a bargain!
- It’s versatile – students in many grade levels could try this worksheet, depending on their capabilities
- It’s engaging – student friendly pictures, full of wonderful clip art (which kids will love coloring in)!
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Why Knut died – level 2
In 2011, Knut, the celebrity polar bear, died at Berlin Zoo. He was only four years old when he fell into his enclosure pool.
Soon after his death, scientists found out that his brain was swollen. That is what caused him to lose balance and fall into the water. However, nobody knew why his brain was swollen.
But now, animal experts tested the bear’s brain for a condition known as “anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis”. And that it what Knut had.
The disease is not common. It affects around 200,000 people a year, but this is the first time we know about an animal which had it.
Difficult words: enclosure (an animal’s area at the zoo), swollen (to become bigger and painful, usually because of an infection), encephalitis (swollen brain).
You can read the original story and watch the video in the Level 3 section.
What do you think about what happened to Knut?
LEARN 3000 WORDS with NEWS IN LEVELS
News in Levels is designed to teach you 3000 words in English. Please follow the instructions
How to improve your English with News in Levels:
- Do the test at Test Languages.
- Go to your level. Go to Level 1 if you know 1-1000 words. Go to Level 2 if you know 1000-2000 words. Go to Level 3 if you know 2000-3000 words.
- Read two news articles every day.
- Read the news articles from the day before and check if you remember all new words.
- Listen to the news from today and read the text at the same time.
- Listen to the news from today without reading the text.
- Answer the question under today’s news and write the answer in the comments.
- Choose one person from the Skype section.
- Talk with this person. You can answer questions from Speak in Levels.
Stock images by Depositphotos


Milton Avery (1885-1965)
Milton Avery’s unique brand of modernism blends simplified figures and natural forms with abstract tonal planes. Bridging the gap between realism and abstraction, he frequently used expressive, unnatural color in reduced, flattened, or distorted compositions, but never introduced elements that did not exist in the real world. His remarkable color sense and chromatic harmonies of striking subtlety and invention provided a model for succeeding generations of American colorists.
When he moved to New York City in 1925, Avery encountered a range of art not previously available to him while living in Hartford, Connecticut. He regularly went to museum and gallery exhibitions, where he absorbed the techniques of European modernism. In 1935, he began exhibiting with the prominent Valentine Gallery on 57th Street, which represented Henri Matisse and other leading European and American artists. Over the next seven years, his work displayed an increasing concern with abstraction and nuanced color.
In 1943, Avery had his first solo museum exhibition at the Phillips Memorial Gallery in Washington, DC. That same year, he joined the prestigious Paul Rosenberg Gallery in New York, which was associated with renowned members of the European avant-garde, including Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Ferdinand Leger, while also representing well-known American artists like Max Weber and Marsden Hartley. Two years later, with exhibitions of his work there and also at Durand-Ruel, another important gallery on 57th Street with origins in Paris, a critic wrote, “After remaining unnoticed for a good many years Milton Avery has of late become a sort of institution.”
As Avery’s focus on color and simplified shapes became increasingly intense in the 1950s, he continued to move towards denser, more subtly modulated areas of flattened color. By the end of the decade, in the wake of a reevaluation of Abstract Expressionism, his innovative use of abstract tonal planes and reductive shapes was recognized as a foundation of Color Field painting. A retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1960 was well received, and favorable articles appeared in several major publications, including Time magazine. Mark Rothko and Adolph Gottlieb were among the many artists who acknowledged a profound debt to his work. After painting independently for forty years, Avery’s achievements had finally established him as one of the leading painters of the twentieth century.


Plein air painting was first popularized by the impressionists in the 1870s. For centuries artists have been painting outdoors on location, but it wasn’t until the advent of metal tubes of oil paint that painting en plein air truly became a movement. Finally, artists were able to easily transport their supplies to whatever location they chose and paint on site. Prior to the introduction of paint tubes, artists had to mix their own pigments individually each time they desired to use a particular color. Paints would dry out quickly and so it was simply impractical to attempt to move a palette and supplies outdoors, far away from one’s studio.
Impressionists fully embraced plein air painting. This method was directly in line with their goal of capturing the magic of light and the essence of the landscape. Painting on location encourages the artist to work quickly to capture the mood of the setting. This can often account for the energetic brushstrokes seen in Impressionist canvases. Artists of all time periods and styles worked outdoors from life, but often they would only sketch or draft the composition they saw before them. The final paintings were reserved for the shelter of the indoor studio. Impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh challenged this method.
When inspired by an environment, he would often work fastidiously to render the scene in paint right then and there, such as in “The White Orchard” (1888). These spontaneous paintings by van Gogh and other artists like Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro define the oeuvre of the Impressionists.
Today, Jan Pawlowski works in a similar manner to many well-known masters. “A Day for Sailing” was painted from the beach on Chappaquiddick overlooking the harbor and Edgartown lighthouse. Pawlowski was inspired by the beautiful sunny blue sky and gentle wind to capture this image of sailboats keeling in the wind in front of the lighthouse.
Many artists that we represent here at The Christina Gallery paint en plein air. Stop by and ask us to point out some paintings for you or see if you can pick out which paintings were painted en plein air on our website!


STDs in Pregnancy Directory
If you have a sexually transmitted disease (STD), you should always get treatment; however, this is especially important if you are pregnant. Some STDs, such as HIV or herpes, can harm your baby. Ideally, you should be screened for STDs before becoming pregnant, but if you are already pregnant, you should still be tested. Medications can often help manage your STD symptoms during pregnancy and help prevent passing STDs along to your baby. Follow the links below to find WebMD's comprehensive coverage about how STDs affect your pregnancy, how you can treat STDs in pregnancy, and much more.
Genital Herpes and Pregnancy
WebMD explains how to avoid getting genital herpes during pregnancy, and what to do to keep yourself and baby healthy if you already have it.
Condoms: Effectiveness, Types, and Proper Use
Condoms are a popular method of male birth control that uses the barrier principle of contraception. Learn more about the effectiveness, types, and proper use of condoms at WebMD.
Pregnancy and HIV Testing
WebMD explains HIV testing - lab and home tests - and how HIV and pregnancy are handled.
Understanding Prevention of HIV
You may be worried about your risk for getting HIV, but there are many things you can do to take control. Here’s what you need to know to protect yourself.


The University of Michigan is expanding its nature holdings in northern Michigan with the purchase of approximately 40 acres near the U-M Biological Station, a move intended to preserve the area from potential development that could adversely impact the property.
The land in Burt Township in Cheboygan County is contiguous to and wholly surrounded by U-M property.
“Through on-the-ground field work involving students and faculty alike, the U-M Biological Station addresses many of today’s foremost environmental challenges, like climate change and invasive species,” said Aimée Classen, the station’s director.
“This land acquisition demonstrates U-M’s commitment to conservation and will help ensure that the Bio Station continues to chart multidisciplinary innovations toward sustainability.”
The Board of Regents on May 18 approved the land purchase — at the cost of $90,000 and financed by LSA — with a tentative closing date of no later than July 31, subject to environmental review and additional due diligence.
UMBS comprises 10,000 acres of reforested lands once occupied by the Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa people. Established in 1909, it conducts onsite cross-disciplinary environmental research, engages students in scientific discovery, and provides information needed to understand and sustain ecosystems from local to global scales.


This Thursday, 21 October, Paris’ Pavillon de l’Arsenal gallery opens ‘L’Empreinte de l’Habitat’ (‘Housing footprint), an exhibition of a hundred years of architectural projects, among which are some that owe their reputation to the architects’ understanding of how to take into consideration the impact of their creations on the surrounding environment.
Among the great architects highlighted in this exhibition, JEAN PROUVÉ and PIERRE JEANNERET are represented, thanks to the participation of Galerie Patrick Seguin, by the 1942 BCC demountable house, archetype par excellence of the different architectural experimentations in lightweight structures in industrialized countries.
Carbon imprint, diminishing quantities of natural resources, and limited space, were all considerations that Jean Prouvé and Pierre Jeanneret managed to incorporate at the heart of their continuous research to improve their constructive systems.
Between 1941 and 1943, limited availability of steel led Jean Prouvé and Pierre Jeanneret to respond to the demand for housing with a version made primarily in wood. The use of the axial portal frame, designed by Jean Prouvé in 1938, allowed for great freedom in spatial organization within the structure by freeing the home of predefined partitions. This ingenuity made it possible to optimize the use of a material by changing the way an existing technology was exploited.
The BCC demountable house designed in 1942 by Jean Prouvé and Pierre Jeanneret holds an important place in the quest for lightweight and modularity in the new ideal of housing between the 1920s and the 2020s.


Tyehimba's book, comprised almost entirely of persona poems, charts the life and experiences of Huddie "Leadbelly" Ledbetter, one of our most legendary African American folk musicians. Tyehimba embeds his poems about the tough and troubled experiences of Leadbelly with ideas about black musical history, anti-black racism, myths, tense and loving relationships, intra-racial alliances and conflicts, migration, double consciousness, and various kinds of struggle.
Tyehimba tells people he wrote a book about Leadbelly. I tell people he wrote a book about the souls of black folks.
Treasure is taking up some work on the folk consciousness tip as well. Beginning in July 2010, she started posting short kwansabas, a 7-seven poem, in the notes section of her facebook page. The poems were written from the first-person perspective of Fannie Lou Hamer, a notable Civil Rights organizer from Mississippi.
|Fannie Lou Hamer|
Hamer was tough and fearless in the face of all kinds of Jim Crow and anti-Civil Rights racism. Treasure provides glimpses of Hamer's thinking as she confronts a number of different struggles. It's ironic, and perhaps simply the nature of poetry, that writers like Tyehimba and Treasure manage to write so gracefully about these two people with considerable hardships.
The allusions to and uses of music throughout their poems give their works powerful folk qualities and so does the legend building processes created by their poems. Most notably too, the poems allow Tyehimba and Treasure to display their gifts as storytellers, representing the lives of their main characters one short yet revealing episode at a time.
It's perhaps no small coincidence that Tyehimba and Treasure led careers as skilled performers years before arriving at their projects on Leadbelly and Hamer. As they composed their pieces, it's likely that they thought about how the poems might relate to audiences, not simply readers. And it's the awareness of audiences--audiences who rely on a variety of senses to experience poems that really connect the poems to the folk.
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As we work to achieve our Vision for Forest Lawn High School, we will be
guided by these beliefs:
- Each person is unique. We require opportunities to assume responsibility and
to have input and choice into decisions about learning.
- Learning is the central purpose of our school community. We must continue to
work together in determining those expectations, standards and consequences that
characterize an effective learning environment.
- Our learners represent diverse linguistic, cultural, family and educational
backgrounds. We must acknowledge and address diversity in our response to them
- Our learning environment is most effective when characterized by trust,
caring, recognition and a sense of belonging.
- Our school must be a safe and secure place, where we demonstrate courtesy
and respect the rights and dignity of each individual.
- Learning is most effective when interconnected and related to the
experiences of our learners.
- Learning experiences must also provide opportunities for enrichment through
exposure to individuals, organizations and resources in the wider community.
- A collaborative approach to learning involves students, staff, the home and
the community, working in partnership.
- People learn in many ways and at varying rates; flexibility in time,
structure and instruction is essential to meet the broad range of our learning
- Critical inquiry into our fundamental beliefs and assumptions about learning
and teaching must be ongoing.
An intercultural community of learners who value diversity and collaboration. We are committed to building knowledge, developing responsible attitudes and demonstrating competencies for life in a complex and changing world.
Shared Campus with Jack James
Career and Technology Studies (CTS) courses are designed to provide students with hands-on experience. Some of the shops are at the Jack James campus and arrangements are made for you to travel from one campus to the other. CTS credits are required for your high school diploma, so check out your options and ask your learning coach for details.


Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was a nineteenth century English writer who wrote such classics as: A Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, A Tale Of Two Cities, Great Expectations, and many others. He was born into a middle class family, but when he came home from boarding school at the age of ten he found his family living in poverty. He was unable to return to school in order to help out at home. When he was twelve, his father was sent to prison for his debts. While the rest of the family lived in Marshalsea prison Charles was forced to work long hours in order to support himself.
This left a powerful lifelong wound, social humiliation, and defeat. This was an extremely formative experience in young Charles’s life. Charles’ father, John, was a clerk in the Navy Pay Office. John Married Elizabeth Barrows in 1809. Elizabeth Barrows’ father Charles Barrows was the chief Conductor in the Navy Pay Office.
Charles Dickens grandfather was also employed by the Navy Pay Office and was accused of embezzling £6,000 and fled England. His father John was the basis for the character Mr. Micawber while his mother Elizabeth was the basis of Mrs. Nickleby. His first novel, the Pickwick Papers, was written as a serial from 1936-1937.
Early in his career he taught people to expect the unexpected for he may have had them laughing in the Pickwick Papers but he soon showed a more serious side in Oliver Twist. He was labeled a social reformer because of the attack the Poor Law received as a result of his novel Oliver Twist. Charles took pride in his role of social reformer. Towards the end, Charles was not a happy man despite his literary success. His marriage had not been a love match, and in the end they lived separate lives.
Restless, he released his non-literary energies in travel – to the US, Switzerland, and Italy. The energy and exuberance of this man was reflected in the extraordinary vividness of his descriptions. Despite his exuberance, there was always an undertone of sadness to Dicken’s life. What distinguishes him from other authors is the way he was able to control the readers emotions; this was the product of his very intense personality. The information for this short biography was gathered from the Encyclopedia Americana – the International Edition, 1998.


Exit Statements in UFT – User friendly Tech help
Let us discuss various Exit statements which are quite useful in automation testing Using UFT.These statements are part of Vbscripting(Latest version) and when implanted in the code provides better control on the flow of execution of automated Tests.
It is also used in Error handling as and when some exception occurs we can use ‘Exit’ statements.
- Exit Do
- Exit For
- Exit Function
- Exit Property
- Exit Sub
1.Exit Do, it is used to Exit a Do….Loop Statement. It transfers the control to the statement following the loop statement.
n‘Code to Exit, when condition is meet
niVar = 1
n ‘Printing the value Print iVarn
‘Incrementing the value
n iVar = iVar +1
n ‘Incase value is ‘5’ then exit do
n If iVar = 5 Then
n Print “Exit Do”
n Exit Do
n End If
nLoop while iVar


A person’s health behavior1,2 describes the patterns, actions, and habits that relate to maintaining, restoring, and improving a group or an individual’s health.
When exploring health behavior, a wide range of variables (both health-promoting and damaging behavior) should be measured as the behavior that directly or indirectly impinges on health in both the short and/or long term.
Certain health behavior may be initiated in adolescent years whilst other patterns of behavior, such as eating patterns, become established in earlier in childhood.
It is important when measuring health behavior not to take a purely biomedical perspective rather include data that informs about the social, environmental, and psychological influences of child and adolescent health and health behavior.
The Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Study is a unique cross-national research study conducted in collaboration with the WHO Regional Office for Europe. It is a research project that aims to gain new insight and increase understanding of health behavior and lifestyles in relation to young people. The survey measures health behavior such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, medication use, exercise patterns, leisure-time activities, eating patterns, dental hygiene, general perceptions of personal health and wellbeing, mental health, self-concept, and body image.
Read more about HBSC here http://www.hbsc.org/
1. Conner, M and Norman, P. (1996) The Role of Social Cognition in Health Behaviors. In: Conner, M. and Norman, P., Eds., Predicting Health Behavior, Open University Press, Buckingham, 1-21.
2. Currie, C, Hurrelmann, K, Settertobulte, W, Smith, Becky, Todd, Joanna. et al. (1999). Health and health behaviour among young people : international report / by C. Currie ... [et al.]. Copenhagen : WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/108253


SmartBench needs to be homed and squared before it can do anything else, so you need to know what these procedures are and how to carry them out.
Homing and squaring are separate operations, but they affect each other and often need to be done together.
This article will introduce you to homing and squaring, and the rest of this guide will show you how to carry out these procedures.
What is homing?
Homing is an essential operation that SmartBench has to carry out to find its limits and set up its coordinate system in the X, Y and Z axes.
When SmartBench has homed, it will use the home position as its reference point for all of its movement.
SmartBench will always set its home position in the same corner of its workspace.
Due to environmental changes and manufacturing tolerances, SmartBench’s home position (and therefore its coordinate system) may vary slightly between homing cycles.
This variation is referred to as “homing tolerance”.
When should I home SmartBench?
You need to home SmartBench every time you start it up or if SmartBench loses its position (e.g. after an alarm).
How do I home SmartBench?
Homing is an automated procedure that SmartBench will carry out itself.
Every time SmartBench starts up, the Console will invite you to home SmartBench.
You can also home SmartBench at any time by pressing the home button in the PRO app sidebar.
What is squaring?
Squaring is the process through which SmartBench’s X axis is made perpendicular to SmartBench’s Y axis.
In a mechanically ideal world, the edge of the Y bench and the edge of the X beam would be at a perfect 90° angle to each other.
When should I square SmartBench?
SmartBench needs to be squared prior to or during its start-up homing procedure, so that it can set up its coordinate system accurately.
How do I square SmartBench?
SmartBench can be squared manually by the operator for more precision; or it can automatically square itself, which is faster and easier for the operator.


Saltwaterfish. Parrotfishes. Inhabits shallow reefs, wanders around by day scaping algue from corals and rocks.
- Stoplight Parrotfish Sparisoma viride
- Redtail Parrotfish Sparisoma chrysopterum
Habitat environment and ecology
Size: 15 to 25 cm, max 32.5 cm.
Colour: Male has yellow-green body with red, blue and yellow ptaches on the sides. Initial phase can range from mottled grey-brown with 2 long white stripes, to a green with red fins. Juvenile is reddish-brown with a white stripe, has a distinctive black blotch behind the head.
Shape: Elongated with beaked mouth to scrape at the coral.
Inhabits coral reefs, shallow reefs. Wanders around by day, scaping algue from corals and rocks, with beaked mouth.
BES-eilanden: St. Eustatius.
[Marion Haarsma, feb. 2016]
- DeLoach, N., & Humann, P. (2002). Reef Fish Identification -
Florida Caribbean Bahamas - 3th Edition. New World Publications, Inc.


Part 1 Meiosis is the most important part of heredity and sexual reproduction. Explain the process of meiosis, focusing on the major differences between meiosis I and meiosis II and important events that are happening during the process. You should also describe how meiosis is different than mitosis (process, cells produced, and anything else significant). Finally, you should explain in detail how meiosis and sexual reproduction produces genetic variability (in three different ways) and why this is important to a population. Part 2 Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment explain the basics of heredity. Punnett squares are used to follow traits passed on to offspring. In order to understand this better, provide an example of a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross not from the textbook, and be sure to explain specifically what is outside the boxes (what is being represented) and what is inside the boxes (what process this represents). Also, indicate why a testcross would be used and what is meant by dominance and recessiveness. Is the “normal” allele always the dominant one? If not, why not? Part 3 In order to understand the “exceptions” to Mendelian inheritance, you should know the inheritance patterns that appear to alter single-gene phenotypic ratios: lethal alleles, multiple alleles, incomplete dominance, codominance, epistasis, penetrance, expressivity, pleiotropy, phenocopy, and genetic heterogeneity. For 5 of the 10 inheritence patterns I’ve just listed, provide both an explanation and an example (not from the textbook) of those patterns. You should also explain how one inheritance pattern is different from another, closely related pattern (such as how codominance is different from incomplete dominance or how penetrance is different from expressivity). For each of these three parts, please provide at least one scientific source (not including the textbook) where you located information on these topics. Also, as with anything turned in, please be sure to write at a college level. References: Chapter 3, Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Chapter 4, Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Chapter 5, Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.


Law is a set of rules that are enforceable by governmental institutions, as well as by social institutions, such as communities and partnerships. These can be divided into three main categories: civil law, criminal law, and common law.
Civil law systems include judicial decisions, legislative statutes, and regulations. The latter are usually shorter and do not require detailed judicial decisions. Common law legal systems include the doctrine of precedent, which is the principle that decisions by higher courts bind lower courts.
Law also encompasses more broadly defined provisions of international law and constitutional law. In the United States, for example, federal regulation is published in the Code of Federal Regulations. It is important to note that federal regulation survived multiple legal challenges.
One of the more important characteristics of modern legal systems is the existence of a systematic body of equity. This body of law developed alongside the rigid common law.
In addition, modern lawyers have special qualifications. Some have earned a Juris Doctor degree, which requires a qualifying exam. Other higher academic degrees include a Master of Legal Studies or a Bar Professional Training Course.
In both common law and civil law systems, argumentative theories exist. The outcome of a legal issue depends on the court’s interpretation of the law.
Law has also been described as the art of justice. As such, it has shaped the history and politics of a country. For instance, the United States Constitution sets forth the rights of American citizens.


Annapolis, MD – Today, more than 190 countries signed a historic global framework to conserve 30% of Earth’s lands and waters in order to protect the planet’s biodiversity. Currently, only about 17% of Earth’s lands and 10% of its marine areas are considered protected. The landmark agreement made at the United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP15) in Montreal includes 23 “global targets for urgent action,” including raising $200 billion by 2030 and reducing up to $500 billion in subsidies and incentives harmful to biodiversity.
Chesapeake Conservancy President and CEO Joel Dunn issued the following statement:
“On behalf of Chesapeake Conservancy, I applaud the historic agreement of COP15 that establishes a global goal to conserve 30% of Earth’s lands and waters by 2030.
“For decades, scientists have studied and meticulously tracked the decline of biodiversity and species abundance in landscapes around the world. Habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution, climate change, exploitation and other impacts have driven more and more species to extinction. Scientists like the late Thomas Lovejoy have demonstrated with clear and jarring evidence the impending collapse of ecosystems and biodiversity, and they have underscored the urgent need for a global conservation effort at scales never before seen.
“The COP15 agreement is the most significant endorsement of the need to address the biodiversity crisis and set a global target of at least 30% conserved lands and waters by 2030. In efforts to address climate change, the Biden Administration has established a national goal to conserve 30% of U.S. lands and waters by 2030.
“Achieving this global goal, and the national goal set by the Biden Administration, requires an acceleration of local conservation efforts in key landscapes. It requires governments, businesses, scientists and conservationists to partner together and collaborate like never before. Finally, getting to 30 x 30 requires high-resolution, real-time data that can give us a ‘pulse of the planet’ and help us to target efforts and resources.
“Chesapeake Conservancy and many partners are working diligently to conserve 30% of the lands in the Chesapeake Bay watershed by 2030, using data and partnerships as our theory of change. With more than 23% of lands already conserved, the Chesapeake Bay watershed is a leading example demonstrating large landscape conservation to protect ecosystems and wildlife for the benefit of people and nature.”
Dr. G says
It’s about Time!


Pearson Test of English General (PTE General) is a six-level general English test.
All levels of PTE General are recognised globally and are accepted by employers and national education authorities in many countries as evidence of a required level of English. The six levels of the test are provided in partnership with Edexcel Limited, the largest UK awarding body for academic and vocational qualifications.
Pearson Test of English General (PTE General) is designed to reward positive achievement in English language learning. PTE General integrates all four skills (Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing) and focuses on assessing the ability of communicating in English, rather than test-taking skills. The tasks in the test are a natural continuation of what happens in the classroom, giving test takers the opportunity to perform at their best.
- Assessment of communicative ability
PTE General is a scenario-based English language test designed to allow students the freedom to express themselves, show what they can do and how well they can use English.
- Realistic and familiar tasks
The test uses real-life material and tasks, such as writing messages, understanding talks and newspaper articles, or participating in conversation.
- Positive testing experience
Through a variety of tasks that are relevant and authentic the test will help students identify their strengths and track improvement and success.
PTE General consists of two parts: a written paper and a spoken test. The written paper tests listening, reading comprehension and writing skills and is marked by external examiners in the UK. The spoken test is assessed by trained local examiners and is sent to the UK for moderation. There are six levels which are linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF). All levels in the test are awarded by Edexcel and accredited by Ofqual in the UK. PTE General certificates do not expire. English language learners are encouraged to seek opportunities to practice the language and confirm their progress regularly.
(There is no Madagascar in the PTE website)


Information on gardening practices is freely shared between gardeners and many times the good advice is helpful in plant selection and improving plant growth. There are some passed along practices that are not always suitable for every situation and gardeners may need to investigate a little deeper before implementing the good advice.
One common recommendation from gardeners is to apply Epsom salts to the soil to improve plant growth. Gardeners may have used Epsom salts for various plants in the garden and viewed plants that appear to grow better or have improved leaf color. Therefore a general recommendation to help others who have some general plant problems or off color leaves is to apply Epsom salts.
Before you apply Epsom salts to your garden, understand that it is an inorganic fertilizer, specifically magnesium sulfate. Plants make their own food but they derive most of their nutrients needed for important functions form the soil. Magnesium is one of the nutrients that is essential in photosynthesis. At times, our sandy soils may be lacking in nutrients but there may be plenty of nutrients available for plants.
The recommendation to apply Epsom salts may sound like a good idea but gardeners should always make sure that magnesium is needed before any applications. Too much magnesium in the soil can interfere with the uptake of other nutrients by plants. You could create more of a problem by indiscriminately applying Epsom salts when magnesium is not needed.
As you hear often from the University of Florida Extension, conduct a soil test before applying fertilizer to determine the major nutrient levels available in your soil. This $7.00 test will help you better manage plant nutrition. If you need assistance interpreting soil test results, contact your local county Extension office.
- Video:Trees and Property Lines - May 25, 2023
- Video: Smilax Vines - May 18, 2023
- Video: Citrus Recovery and Pruning - April 6, 2023


Today’s Wildlife Wednesday, the National Museum of the Philippines features a specimen that is turning 75 years old from the day it was collected — the Luzon bushy-tailed cloud rat locally known as “Bu-ot”.
Luzon Bushy-tailed cloud rats (Crateromys shadenbergi) were collected by Harry H. Hoogstraal on 1946 in Mt. Kapilingan, Mountain Province. Since then, the specimen has been in the care of the National Museum of the Philippines.
Above is the photo of the oldest of the three cloud rat specimens at the National Zoological Reference Collection. This cute and cuddly cloud rat with thick black glossy fur, a long bushy tail, and small round eyes lives high up on trees and is only found (endemic) in the Philippines.
The in situ photo features an adult Luzon bushy-tailed cloud rat that is about two feet long from the snout to the tip of the tail and weighs about one and a half kilos when alive. While the collection photo includes a stuffed specimen of a Luzon bushy-tailed cloud rat housed at the National Zoological Reference Collection of the National Museum of Natural History. While most are fully covered in black fur, some individuals have white patches on the head and on their forefeet.
Sadly, the stability of the population of this cloud rat species is threatened by the continuing destruction of forest habitats and wildlife hunting.
You can help save these amazing mammals by immediately reporting any environmental concerns in your area by calling DENR or 3367 from anywhere within the Philippines.
Buot is in fact a general Ilocano word for a rat.
You may want to read:


4 Tips on Properly Caring for Your Toothbrush
The way that you store and care for your toothbrush can impact your oral health. Many of us don’t think twice about how we’re storing and sanitizing our toothbrush, but it’s something we should pay more attention to! Making sure your toothbrush is clean and disinfected will decrease the number of bacteria in your mouth.
Properly Caring for and Storing Your Toothbrush
Below are 4 tips on how to properly care for and store your toothbrush:
- Rinse your brush after each use – After brushing your teeth, run your toothbrush under hot water. This removes food particles, bacteria, and leftover toothpaste from the brush.
- Soak your brush in mouthwash – Evidence suggests that soaking your toothbrush in antibacterial mouthwash for a few minutes after brushing your teeth can reduce the number of bacteria on the toothbrush.
- Switch out your brush regularly – You should be replacing your toothbrush every 3-4 months or once you notice the bristles fraying. It’s also smart to replace your toothbrush after you’ve had a cold or the flu to avoid reintroducing the germs.
- Avoid sharing your toothbrush – This one may seem obvious, but some people do share toothbrushes, especially children. This allows the bacteria from one mouth to spread to another, increasing the chances of tooth decay and dental cavities. Each member of the family needs his or her own toothbrush.
The above tips are simple ways to make a big impact on your oral hygiene routine. In order to have a healthy mouth, it’s important that your toothbrush is clean and properly taken care of. Use common sense when storing your toothbrush and avoid exposing it to germs and bacteria.
Caring for your toothbrush will keep both your teeth and gums healthy. If you’re concerned about gum disease, please contact Coastal Periodontics here in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.


Royal Photographic Society
|Connections Sort descending||Author name||Excerpt|
|Family and Intimate relationships||E. A. Dillwyn||
A paternal uncle of EAD was the innovative and influential nineteenth-century photographer John Dillwyn Llewelyn . He was a prominent member of the Photographic Society of London (later the Royal Photographic Society) , who invented...
|Family and Intimate relationships||Elizabeth Rigby||
Charles Eastlake was an established painter and extremely active in England's artistic circles. In 1842 he became the Royal Academy 's librarian. He also served as the secretary of the Fine Arts Commission and sat...
The Photographic Society was founded by early members of the Calotype Club ; it later became the Royal Photographic Society.
Julia Margaret Cameron joined the Photographic Society of Great Britain , and began to enrol her prints in the Fine Arts Register of the Public Record Office.
14 January 1896
The British public was first shown films: by Birt Acres at the Royal Photographic Society headquarters at 14 Hanover Square, London.
25 March 1901
Sarah Angelina Acland , pioneer of colour photography, showed her first exhibition of completed slides to a meeting of the Oxford Camera Club . She used the new Sanger-Shepherd process, which dated from October 1899...


In Section Three, you learned about the important role Youth Champions play in the YMHAC Initiative. This section covers a useful overview of the necessary tools and resources needed in an informative and educational training/workshop for Youth Champions.
At the end of the training, Youth Champions should successfully start to plan for locally based initiatives at their schools.
A Youth Champion training program should meet these objectives.
- Help raise student awareness of the mental health continuum (i.e., what is the difference between mental health and mental illness) and reduce stigma.
- Help students increase their confidence and develop advocacy and leadership skills.
- Help improve the health and well-being of children and youth through a focus on mental health promotion, acceptance of mental illness, reduction of related stigma and substance misuse prevention.
Let Youth Lead! While school leads should work with school staff, school board staff, and public health staff to develop a relevant network of Champions training/ workshop, students should ultimately drive the process with support from the adult allies.
For more information about what content to include, see Sample Champions Workshop Agenda.
REMEMBER: If you did not assign Youth Leads, your Youth Champions must take Youth Leads training.
Each community should lend a local context to the YMHAC Network of Champions. And the Champions training/workshop held in each local community is an excellent way to provide the opportunity to place local context on the work of YMHAC.


Recent years have witnessed many developments in the use of the communicative approach in language teaching. This approach aims at developing students• ability to communicate with native speakers of the target language. To achieve this ability, students are required to have not only linguistic competence but also communicative competence. That is why the students need not only the linguistic knowledge but also the background knowledge of the culture in which the language is spoken. Language is a part of culture. Cultural differences always cause problems for speakers of different cultures while communicating. Therefore, the” learning of a second culture is often a part of the learning of a second language 11 (Brown, 1980: 242 ). Background Studies, including culture, used to be neglected or taught improperly in the curriculum of the Hanoi Foreign Languages College. In consequence, Vietnamese E.F.L students at the College have a poor background knowledge of the English speaking countries and their people’s patterned ways of life. This causes difficulties for them when communicating with native - iii - speakers of English, even when they are studying at the College where culture-based textbooks and materials are commonly used. Therefore, Background Studies, including culture, must be seen as a separate and indispensable component of the curriculum of the College which aims at providing the students with the background knowledge of English speaking countries and with an awareness of their people’s ways of life, their customs and habits and so on. Various techniques for the teaching of this subject are examined.
|Date of Award||1985|
Background studies for Vietnamese students of English
Cat, B. V. (Author). 1985
Student thesis: Master's Thesis


Modern web design is a constantly evolving field that adapts to the changing marketing environment. The days of static websites with a few images and blocks of text are long gone. Today, successful websites are dynamic and interactive, providing an engaging experience for visitors. Web designers use a variety of techniques to achieve this, including A/B testing and data analysis.
A/B testing is a method of comparing two versions of a website to determine which one is more effective in achieving a specific goal. For example, a business website may want to test two different layouts for its homepage to see which one leads to more conversions. The website designer will create two versions of the homepage, each with a different layout. Half of the visitors to the website will see one version, while the other half will see the other. The designer can then use data analysis to determine which version led to more conversions.
Data analysis is a critical component of modern web design. Designers use tools such as Google Analytics to track user behavior on a website. This information can be used to identify areas of the website that are not performing as well as they should be. For example, if a high percentage of visitors are leaving a particular page of the website without taking any action, the designer can analyze the page to determine why this is happening. Perhaps the page is too cluttered, or the call-to-action is not clear enough. The designer can then make changes to improve the page and increase conversions.
In addition to A/B testing and data analysis, modern web designers also use a variety of other techniques to create engaging websites. These may include animation, video, and interactive features such as quizzes and surveys. The goal is to create a website that is not only visually appealing but also encourages visitors to take action, whether that action is making a purchase, filling out a form, or simply staying on the website for longer.
Modern web design is a constantly evolving field that requires designers to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and techniques. The marketing environment is always changing, and successful websites must adapt to these changes in order to remain effective. By using tools such as A/B testing and data analysis, web designers can ensure that their websites are not only visually appealing but also effective at achieving their goals.


The cold front has moved through Michigan, and it will live up to its name. For the first full night of astronomical summer we are going to be cold.
The cold air will pour in during the day today, with a rare summer event- falling temperatures during the day. The falling temperatures during the afternoon speaks to the strength of the cold coming in. Usually any strong late June sunshine would allow temperatures to at least warm up five or 10 degrees. The air is so cold, it can totally override the warming effect of late June sunshine.
Here are the low temperature forecasts for tonight. Bundle up.
All of southern Lower Michigan will drop into the low-40s by sunrise Tuesday. The exception will be the urban heat island area around the Detroit area. There you will only cool into the high-40s, which is still cool for late June.
But as we go north and into the interior part of Lower Michigan, temperatures are expected to plunge into the 30s. Cadillac, Houghton Lake, Grayling and Gaylord should drop to around 35 degrees. This temperature of 35 degrees will be cold enough to produce frost on cold, elevated surfaces.
There is a perennial cold spot between Clare and Houghton Lake, called Leota. Leota usually has the cold reading of anywhere in central Lower Michigan on a clear, cold morning. Leota could briefly drop to 32 degrees Tuesday morning. It’s not a coincidence the city next to Leota is called Frost.
Don’t worry about this cold lasting. Wednesday morning will be in the high-40s and then Thursday will only cool to the 60s.


Ball bearings are extremely-precision parts, so it is important to handle them carefully. Improper handling will prevent them from delivering their full performance. For reference, we have summarized some points to look out for.
Do not allow dirt to get inside bearings
Most of the dust and foreign particle in the air has a diameter of 10 micron meters (0.01 mm) or less, but even such an invisible dust can adversely affect the operation of bearings. It is important to keep the bearings and the environment around them clean and be careful not to allow dirt to get inside them.
Be careful to avoid rust
Moisture can easily cause rust on bearings, so be sure to keep them dry. Perspiration and dirt might be a cause of rust, therefore it is very important to keep your hands clean or to wear gloves, when handling ball bearings.
Do not have impact on bearings
Having impact on bearings may give them indentations or scoring, resulting in non-smooth rotation that might lead to noise, vibration or shortened service life, therefore it is necessary to handle them with extra care.
Use appropriate mounting tools and jigs
It is essential to use appropriate tools and jigs to ensure that bearings are mounted safely and securely. It is also important to keep them clean without dirt or dust.


The archaeological record of the precolumbian Southwest US and Northwest Mexico contains a wide variety of evidence for violence and warfare. We examined osteological evidence for trauma from the site of La Playa in Sonora, Mexico to identify if violence was present during the Early Agricultural period in the Sonoran Desert (as it was in the northern Southwest) and, if present, identify the source of that violence (i.e., warfare vs. social control). Traumatic injuries were present in 58% of the skeletal sample (TotalN = 131) and demonstrated that both males and females were both equally susceptible to accidents as well as victims of violence. Numerous healed cranial depression fractures, embedded projectile points, and probable forearm defensive fractures suggest that violence was endemic at the site, and more broadly across the Sonoran Desert during the Early Agricultural period. These patterns of violent traumatic injury mirror those expected for groups where raiding is common and may partly reflect captive taking and perhaps revenge killing.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||16|
|State||Published - Oct 2 2018|
- Early agricultural period
ASJC Scopus subject areas


WHAT IS AN INTERNET EDUCATION?
First of all, it is a public benefit of a mixed type, available for various social groups and «seasoned» with quality, sometimes even with aggressive marketing. Internet education is characterized by perpetuity and scale.
The main types of Internet education categories are audio technologies, video development, computer technologies and printed information, the basis of any interactive platform in the web-area.
Such projects are created due to the public funding, universities, charitable organizations or private donations. The global market size does not allow us to say that entrepreneurs are interested in such type of activity. However, the prospect exists.
WHY IS IT BAD?
Almost any program has the subtext, that is beneficial to the investor. As a rule, independent view is out of the question. Massive educational products are filled with familiar propaganda tools with integrated elements of influence.
On the other hand, there is more global problem here: not everyone is ready for the self-study and self-organization. It is a complex process. Understanding of it is not enough - you should keep up the motivation for obtaining the knowledge.
WHAT HAVE WE DECIDED?
Since the time of its founding, SAINT2ME community has seen its mission not only in protecting the rights of the Internet users, but also in increasing and strengthening of web literacy.
Surprisingly, with the information development, based on the use of global network, the vast majority of users still do not know the basic knowledge. That’s why one of the directions, taken as the basis of our online activities, is self-study.
WAS IT A REASON FOR CREATING ?
Yes, this project is based on a simple pedagogical thought, which attests to the fact that "training" should turn into something deeper, "learning". The person who uses VOODDI involuntarily becomes a researcher and object of his own development. VOODDI contains nothing absolutely new, but it's a very convenient search engine, based on GOOGLE technologies, and also a tool that allows you to access the world's content. This is the starting project and one of the first educational lines, that was a beginning of social activity for SAINT2ME. For many people VOODDI can be a real breakthrough to freedom, that opens amazing opportunities!
PS – You can find all subsequent programs in the «Community» section.


The species, which will be discussed in this article is considered to be one of the most popular and common among all the existing breeds of horses of European origin. Removing pets directly intersects with the creation of the depot line stallions, which took place in the city of Celle, in the first half of the 18th century (about 1735). In the past, the town was dominated by the ducal territories of Hanover, and is currently considered imperiousness FRG (Federal Republic of Germany). In order to improve the quality of the final results of the local stallions differences. For the experiment, the following depots varieties: purebred Arabian stallions line, Andalusian and Danish representatives, and in the final results add an instance of Thoroughbred horses and several other.
Let us consider in more detail the characteristics of exterior pets. They are characterized by: a small and neat warhead; large and expressive eyes that are constantly moving; Lightweight and agile ganache; neck elongated and graceful; well developed withers; Body design powerful and deep; croup relief; tail region is clearly set; muscular limbs, they are clearly visible joints, which are clearly manifested. The average pet has at the withers rising from 155 cm to 180 cm. The live weight waver from 500 kg to 600 kg. Horses are distinguished by a variety of colors. Most of the pupils has a bay or dark bay coloring of the coat, a minority – the owners of sheep coloring, and the minimum number of animals have a red color.
Hannover horse there are already a lot of years, which is why they were seen in some of the features that distinguish them from other breeds. The first thing to notice is the incredible line of the body, their body is always elegant and original. Also, the variety of motion representatives emphasized the courage and pride. With good movement and ownership of housing, the animals often become winners in the standard types of horse races.


The Dominican Republic is a Caribbean nation known for a vibrant culture, island beauty, and production of great Major League baseball players. Read on to learn more about the history and culture of this unique country.
The Dominican Republic shares the island of Hispanola with the nation of Haiti. The D.R. occupies about two-thirds of the island and sits between the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea.
The island of Hispanola has been inhabited since 800 A.D. Columbus’ arrival in 1492 wiped out the native population, leading to a colonizing by the Spanish. The country’s official language is still Spanish; although, the country has been occupied by the French and Americans as well as the Spanish.
Since 1978, the country has moved away from dictatorships and toward a more American-style representative government. Currently, Leonel Fernández is serving his second term as the country’s president.
Modern Dominican Culture
Merengue music was created in the Dominican Republic, as well as Bachata, a form of dance centered on love and stories of romance. Ethnic groups in the country include people of African, European and mixed descent, as well as some Asian immigrants. Baseball is the most popular sport in the country, followed by boxing.
The Dominican Republic sends many players to the American Major Leagues. In fact, many all-stars and future hall of famers hail from the country, including Manny Ramirez, Cy-Young award winning pitcher Pedro Martinez and two-time league MVP Albert Pujols.


Stress and Male Infertility
Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility
Oxidative stress in sperm is induced by REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS). For normal sperm physiology ROS is needed in small quantities but excessive production of ROS might negatively affect the sperm’s fertilizing ability. Decreased levels of seminal antioxidant enzymes and decrease in total antioxidant binding capacity will result in rise of ROS levels in semen. ROS are induced by multiple factors, the figure below gives a detailed overview of all the factors that result in raised ROS and thereby inducing oxidative stress on sperm cells and decreasing the reproductive potential.
Promising research in measurement of ROS through chemiluminescence has made it easy to measure ROS in seminal fluid. ROS measurement in seminal fluid helps the Infertility specialist to predict the prognosis and also helps in choosing the appropriate ART.
International Braz J Urol
Vol. 37 (1): 5-15, January – February, 2011
Management of Oxidative Stress and DFI
- Treating the underlying cause like infections of the genitor-urinary tract, varicocele surgery might help reduce the oxidative stress
- Quitting smoking and alcohol and other addictions might be helpful
- Daily or frequent ejaculation might help in certain subjects
- Therapeutic usage of anti-oxidants like Lycopene, L-Carnitine, Co-Q 10, Selenium, Zinc, Astaxanthine, Vitamin C & E are helpful to combat oxidative stress and raised DFI
Following are the various Anti-oxidant rich foods: β-carotene (carrots, spinach, tomatoes, papaya, guava, cherries, melons, peaches), vitamin C (guava, kiwi, mango, pineapple, melons, strawberries, berries, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage, oranges, lemons and other citrus fruits), vitamin E (lettuce, peanuts, almonds, coconut, corn, soy or olive oil; wheat and corn germ; cereals), zinc (asparagus, potatoes, vegetables, eggs, fish).


One of our favorite games to play as kids was “King of the Mountain”. While not one of us knuckle-heads was actual royalty, and the “mountain” was really just a small hill near my home in central Kansas, we would spend hours trekking up and falling down said hill. The object of the game was quite simple: to climb to the top of the “mountain” and maintain your position there by whatever means were necessary. There were basically two rules. The first was that we had to wear our stocking caps in the winter, because that’s what our moms told us to do. The second was that we had to stop playing, at least for a little while, if someone started bleeding or crying.
So often, as adults, we play a similar “game” in life. We continually seek the higher positions in society, all the while not considering or caring about who we might need to put down to get there. The results can be brutal and bloody and lead to all kinds of hurt.
In this short series of writings, we will be looking at this idea of “King of the Mountain” through some stories from the Bible. Perhaps you remember the Tower of Babel and people like King Herod. We’ll also see what Jesus said about all of this.
So, check back regularly. And, as always, thanks for reading!
2 thoughts on “King of the Mountain (Part 1 of 4)”
Well, thank you!


Sean P. McGill and Jean T. Ellis, 2022. “Rip current and channel detection using surfcams and optical flow”, Shore & Beach, 90(1), 50-58.
Access Shore & Beach Vol. 90, No. 1
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Rip current and channel detection using surfcams and optical flow
Sean P. McGill(1) and Jean T. Ellis(2)
1) Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
Currently at: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,
Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS 39183
2) Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
firstname.lastname@example.org (corresponding author)
Rip currents are a common, naturally occurring surf-zone hazard that pose a risk to beach patrons. This study presents a remote-sensing-based algorithm to detect rip currents and rip channels. Optical flow-based computer vision methods are implemented to analyze large data sets and the automatic detection of these features. Surfcam video was collected from dissipative (La Jolla, CA), intermediate (Long Beach, NY), and reflective beaches (Pensacola Beach, FL) to demonstrate the efficacy of the methods. A clustering technique using the dominant wave period was implemented to transition from detected offshore movements to rip currents. The methods presented in this paper were used to detect 20,327 rip currents and 1,100 rip channels. The average accuracy for rip current and rip channel detection was 67.3% and 96.2%, respectively. The remote-sensing-based detection methods can be adapted for use on other video-based equipment and, with additional modifications, can be implemented in an operational capacity.


Researchers at St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru have enabled better characterization of amino acid availability of various food types through dual-tracer method.
Proteins are important dietary components that contribute energy as well as amino acid building blocks and nitrogen for synthesis of biomolecules like DNA. Dietary proteins can be categorized based on their amino acid content. Of the 20 amino acids that we need, our body cannot synthesize nine and therefore it is necessary to include them in daily diet. Dietary proteins containing all the nine ‘indispensable amino acids’ are called ‘complete proteins’; proteins lacking one or more of them are called ‘incomplete proteins.’ Dietary proteins also differ based on how easily the body digests and absorbs them.
Characterization of dietary protein quality and digestibility is important for nutrition scientists to make protein intake recommendations tailored to age, health, and availability of various food items. A bottleneck is the inability to accurately measure the amino acid content of a food item that is actually utilized by the body. The research team devised a new method to assess protein utilization using stable isotopes.
Margdarshi Fellow Professor Anura Kurpad and colleagues used Spirulina, a well-studied blue green algae and dietary supplement and labeled it with the stable isotope of carbon (13C) . It was fed in combination with amino acids labeled with the stable isotope of hydrogen (2H) to six healthy individuals. In addition, chickpea and mung bean using water labeled with (2H) were also grown. The digestibility and absorption of the proteins were compared with that of Spirulina.
The average digestability of IAA in spirulina protein was 85.2%. The average IAA digestability of intrinsically 2H-labelled chicpea and mung bean protein was 56.6% and 57.7%, respectively. Dehulling of mung bean before ingestion increased the average IAA digestibility by 9.9% in comparison to whole bean digestibility.
Thus, researchers have found out that better characterization of amino acid availability of various food types can be achieved using the dual-tracer method. The findings are relevant in regions where high quality protein foods are not commonly consumed.
The dual tracer method could be instrumental in optimizing protein nutrition in growing young children and individuals suffering from chronic infections and illnesses.
The research is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.


Evolutionary lag—the difference between mean and optimal phenotype in the current environment—is of keen interest in light of rapid environmental change. Many ecologically important organisms have life histories that include stage structure and both sexual and clonal reproduction, yet how stage structure and clonality interplay to govern a population’s rate of evolution and evolutionary lag is unknown. Effects of clonal reproduction on mean phenotype partition into two portions: one that is phenotype dependent, and another that is genotype dependent. This partitioning is governed by the association between the nonadditive genetic plus random environmental component of phenotype of clonal offspring and their parents. While clonality slows phenotypic evolution toward an optimum, it can dramatically increase population survival after a sudden step change in optimal phenotype. Increased adult survival slows phenotypic evolution but facilitates population survival after a step change; this positive effect can, however, be lost given survival-fecundity trade-offs. Simulations indicate that the benefits of increased clonality under environmental change greatly depend on the nature of that change: increasing population persistence under a step change while decreasing population persistence under a continuous linear change requiring de novo variation. The impact of clonality on the probability of persistence for species in a changing world is thus inexorably linked to the temporal texture of the change they experience.
Maria E. Orive, Michael Barfield, Carlos Fernandez, and Robert D. Holt, "Effects of Clonal Reproduction on Evolutionary Lag and Evolutionary Rescue," The American Naturalist 190, no. 4 (October 2017): 469-490.


3D photography is the process of capturing the shape, appearance, and motion of real objects using cameras and projected light. This process allows us to scan real-world objects and create 3D models of them with unparalleled detail and realism. 3D photography is quickly becoming popular in both digital film houses and industrial design studios, and is a hot research topic in computer vision, computer graphics, and robotics.
This year's course will focus on capturing the appearance of real world objects. This appearance is determined by an object's reflectance properties, which explain how it interacts with light. The class will be project-oriented, and students will work in groups to build their own 3D photography system. The lectures will discuss relevant topics and techniques (e.g., camera technology, geometric and photometric calibration, and 3D scanning) and provide an in-depth introduction to the areas of appearance capture and modeling. Students will discuss and develop projects together in class. To present a broader perspective, we will invite a number of guest lecturers to present cutting edge material in the realm of 3D photography.
Project teams will have access to a suite of controlled lighting sources and projectors, digital still and video cameras, motion control platforms, and supporting software. The final projects will be research-oriented and are intended to explore new areas of 3D photography.
Michael Goesele + guest lecturers
Aseem Agarwala (TA)
Time and Location
Tuesday 12:00 - 1:20
Thursday 12:00 - 1:20
Location: CSE 503
By appointment. Please email Aseem or Michael to make one.
CSE 557 or 576 or permission of instructor
CSE grads or by permission of instructor
If you are not a CSE student, please fill out this form and turn it into the CSE front desk in order to get a CSE account.
Please join the mailing list for important announcements.


Alan B. Shepard
Astronaut Alan Shepard was born November 18th, 1923, in East Derry, New Hampshire. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1944 and received his wings in 1947. In 1950, he attended the United States Navy Test Pilot School in Maryland. After graduation, he participated in flight test work which included high- altitude tests to obtain data on light at different altitudes and on a variety of air masses over the American continent.
Shepard was the first American to journey into space; a milestone in space exploration. On May 5th, 1961, in the Freedom 7 spacecraft, he was launched by a Redstone vehicle on a ballistic trajectory suborbital flight.
In 1963, he was designated Chief of the Astronaut Office with responsibility for monitoring the coordination, scheduling, and control of all activities involving NASA astronauts. Shepard made his second space flight as spacecraft commander on Apollo 14 in 1971. Joined by lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell, they were the third crew to complete a moon landing while command module pilot Stuart Roosa stayed in orbit. Shepard and Mitchell subsequently deployed various scientific equipment, activated science experiments, collected almost 100 pounds of lunar samples, and traveled the longest distance traversed on the lunar surface.
He resumed his duties as Chief of the Astronaut Office in 1971 and served until he retired from NASA and the Navy on August 1st, 1974.


Why do the NCRP guidelines have the maximum exposure to x-rays radiation for hospital workers higher than the normal public? What does the hospital workers have, that makes them fine to get exposed to more radiations than the public?
Hospital workers are exposed to small doses of likely leaked radiation. The maximum exposure is based on a cumulative radiation dose limit for hospital workers, and this is a part of professional hazard during work. However, continuous improvement in radiation usage is helping to reduce the amount of unintended exposure to hospital workers.
Hospital workers have no stronger immunity when compared to the general public. The regulations have been formulated keeping in mind the lowest hypothetically harmless dose an individual can be exposed to.
I am worried about the radiations ... Every CT scan abdomen and pelvis will give you a radiation exposure of approximately 14 mSv which means it gives a risk of 016 percent to develop cancer ... Read full
.. are exposed to small doses of likely leaked radiation. The maximum exposure is based on a cumulative radiation dose limit for hospital workers, and this is a part of professional hazard during work. However, continuous improvement in radiation usa... Read full
.. the query. I can understand your concern. According to your statement, your sister has been suffering from COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) symptoms like sore throat, dry mouth, cough, body ache, nausea, unusual fatigue, etc., and she had a his... Read full
Disclaimer: No content published on this website is intended to be a substitute for professional medical diagnosis, advice or treatment by a trained physician. Seek advice from your physician or other qualified healthcare providers with questions you may have regarding your symptoms and medical condition for a complete medical diagnosis. Do not delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice because of something you have read on this website. Read our Editorial Process to know how we create content for health articles and queries.


Bed Bug Facts
Unfortunately, there is quite a bit of stigma that surrounds bed bug infestations. Many people believe that only “dirty” homes can have bed bugs, but this simply isn’t the case. Bed bugs don’t care how clean your home is; all they want is something to feed on. Don’t be afraid to call for our help if you find bed bugs in your home.
Did you know?
- Bed bugs are attracted most to the heat we emit from our bodies, the carbon dioxide we exhale with every breath, and the smells our sweat produces.
- Because of the heat we emit from our heads, most bed bugs are found at the head side of the bed.
- Bed bugs feed through a mouth part that both pierces the skin and sucks blood from your body. It is similar to a mosquito’s mouth.
- Bed bugs, bat bugs, and barn swallow bugs look very similar to the naked eye. However, under a microscope, they have distinct differences. You may need professional pest control specialists to help you differentiate the bunch.
These days, almost everyone has either had bed bugs themselves or known someone who has. If you are now struggling with a bed bug infestation, it’s time to reach out to our team. We can provide heat treatment that are so effective you will be left bug-free in just one day.
Let’s help you restore your property to the way it was before. Contact us today!


Climate Warming Leads to Increased Forest Burn Area and Deep Forest Penetration in Amazon
Lin Meng1* (firstname.lastname@example.org), Jeffrey Chambers2, Charles Koven2, Gilberto Pastorello3, Paulo Brando4, Marcos Longo2, Luiz Aragão5, Jacquelyn Shuman6, Robinson Negron-Juarez2, Bruno Gimenez7, Aline Pontes-Lopes5, Barbara Bomfim2, Alessandro Araujo8
1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; 2Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA; 3Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA; 4Department of Earth System Science, University of California–Irvine, CA; 5Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil; 6Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO; 7National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil; 8Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Amazonian fires have become more frequent and widespread under climate change, exerting a profound impact on society and ecosystems. In addition, edge effect promotes canopy loss and facilitates anthropogenic fires to escape into the forests, intensifying carbon losses. However, it is unclear how increases in extreme climate and forest edge area affects fire occurrence and spread. This study investigated the influence of land surface temperature (LST) on burn areas of evergreen forest across the Amazon basin from 2000 to 2020. The burn area of evergreen forest increased exponentially with the increase in LST from July to October. The forest edge was warmer and often had more burn areas than forest far from the edge (>8 km). Higher LST (>36 °C) is strongly correlated with more burn areas and deeper forest penetration distance from the edge. These findings indicate forest degradation leads to higher vulnerability at forest edges under a warmer and drier climate in the Amazon.


About the Project
The Opportunity of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare
The power of AI lies in its ability to learn patterns from large amounts of data, in a way that exceeds human abilities. However, this also means the reliability of AI algorithms is closely linked to the data it is trained upon, and may perform poorly when confronted by new data examples – a failure of ‘AI generalisability’. To be sure that algorithms work for everybody, we need to test them on datasets that represent the diverse range of people it is intended to be used in.
There is concern that many health datasets do not adequately represent minoritised ethnic groups. The extent of the problem is not yet known because many datasets do not provide detailed demographic information. This problem has arisen partly because the creators of large datasets for AI often prioritise quantity of data over quality, inclusivity or fairness. To address this, gathering of health data needs to be designed with inclusivity and diversity in mind. We need standards to guide how AI datasets should be composed (‘who’ is represented in the data) and transparency around the data composition (‘how’ they are represented).
Addressing the Problem Together
This project will develop standards that ensure datasets for training and testing AI systems are diverse, inclusive, and promote AI generalisability.
Patients, public, health professionals, researchers, ethicists and policy-makers will work together to agree what the essential criteria for datasets should be: both who is represented (dataset composition) and how this information is provided (dataset reporting). We will develop new recommendations for AI datasets, to help gatekeepers (regulators, commissioners, policy-makers and health data institutions) assess whether datasets and the algorithms developed by them are suitable for the target population. This means we will have better datasets for development and testing of AI and, and in the long-term, better health outcomes for all, and in particular minoritised populations.
By getting the data foundation right, STANDING Together ensures that 'no-one is left behind' as we seek to unlock the benefits of AI in healthcare.