Automatic Ointment / Cream Manufacturing Plants are exclusively employed to prepare antibacterial homogenized emulsion of Wax as well as Water to a specific formulation. These are useful for the production of ointments, pastes, creams, and gels for pharmaceutical as well as cosmetic industries.
It is incorporated with 3 vessels:
a) Jacketed Water Phase Vessel of suitable capacity is rendered in accordance to the batch size of the product so as to heat the water to a particular temperature conferring to formulation.
b) Jacketed Wax Phase Vessel is offered to melt wax of essential formulated amount to specified temperature.
c) Liquefied wax as well as hot water is then moved by Vacuum to Jacketed Main (Reactor) Vessel via filter and the pipe lines are placed in the plant. Medicinal elements according to formulation of the preparation added are then processed accordingly at constant temperature under 400 mm Vacuum with incessant stirring, standardized till it develops into an emulsion with reliable viscosity.
Heating can be Electrical / Thermic / Steam Fluid.
Plant Capacities ranges from 50kg to 1000kg can be factory-made.
All contact parts are assembled of superior quality SS 316 / SS 316 L grade stainless steel material; whereas other non-contact parts are fabricated out of SS 304 material. The Jackets are made of of M.S., cladded with SS 304 and run into all GMP standards.
It consists 3 vessels:
a) Jacketed Water Phase Vessel, of sufficient capacity according to the batch size of product to heat the water to a particular temperature in accordance of formulation.
b) Jacketed Wax Phase Vessel, to melt wax of requisite formulated quantity to a particular temperature.
c) Then molten wax and hot water transferred by Vacuum to Jacketed Main (Reactor) Vessel, through a filter and pipe lines laid in the plant. Medical ingredients according to the formulation formula added and then processed at a constant temperature under 400 mm vacuum with continuous stirring. After that it is homogenized till it forms an emulsion with consistent viscosity. A
Heating can be Electrical, Steam or Thermic Fluid. Range of Plant Capacities is from 50kg to 1000kg. All the contact parts are made of SS 316 / SS 316 L grade stainless steel material, and other non-contact parts are made of SS 304 material. M.S. Jackets cladded with SS 304. This matches GMP standards.


Transliminality is a perceptual - personality construct studied by parapsychologist Michael Thalbourne. This word was invented by Thalbourne, and describes a measure of sensitivity to psychological material (imagery, ideation, affect, and perception) originating in (a) the unconscious, and/or (b) the external environment.
Transliminality has been found to be "a fundamental mechanism in psychology and parapsychology" that overlaps with, but can not be entirely replaced by, personality-related concepts such as "boundary thinness".
Why is this important?
Because it points to a common set of pathways within people that facilitate communication between conscious and unconscious dimensions of experience. This provides a conceptual basis for beginning to look at and talk about things that are happening in our human ecology which may otherwise go unnoticed. It also makes it easier to reconcile extraordinary experiences with the reductive materialist worldview that is presently fashionable, and so provides a useful basis for translating intuition, paranormal phenomena, etc into stories that are not incompatible with this worldview.
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This week marks 50 years since the Apollo 11 moon landing, described by former president Barack Obama upon the death of Neil Armstrong as a "moment of human achievement that will never be forgotten".
But a speech released previously by the US National Archives reveals what the president at the time, Richard Nixon, would have delivered if one of the most celebrated moments in US, NASA and world history had not gone as planned.
The speech that Nixon would have made in the event of Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin being stranded on the moon begins:
Fate has ordained that the men who went to the moon to explore in peace will stay on the moon to rest in peace.
These brave men, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, know that there is no hope for their recovery. But they also know that there is hope for mankind in their sacrifice.
Written by William Safire who would later become a columnist at the New York Times, it goes on to say:
In ancient days, men looked at stars and saw their heroes in the constellations. In modern times, we do much the same, but our heroes are epic men of flesh and blood.
You can read the full speech here (HT Michael Beschloss).
Meanwhile, here's some wise words from the archives courtesy of Professor Brian Cox for the conspiracy theorists who don't believe the moon landings ever happened.
Thanks Brian. Even Buzz Aldrin himself agreed.


Dec 7, 2022
Project aims to increase understanding of water use efficiency in sorghum
A new $16 million, five-year project aims to increase understanding of water use efficiency in sorghum.
Ivan Baxter, a member of the nonprofit research institution Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, is the Principal Investigator in the research, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Biosystems Design to Enable Safe Production of Next-Generation Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biomaterials program.
The research team will work to identify obstacles affecting three major control points of water-limited production: enhanced acquisition of available water by roots; reduced water use through the pores plants use to exchange water and carbon dioxide; and improving photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
Bioenergy crops such as sorghum bicolor, a grass species cultivated for its grain, have seen yields increase through breeding and improved agronomy. However, the amount of biomass produced for a given amount of water has remained constant.
“To be economically viable and have environmental benefits, crops used for bioenergy production need to be grown where the supply of water is insufficient or too inconsistent to support the production of traditional food crops,” Baxter said.
The team will work with sorghum and a closely related model plant, Setaria viridis, which is smaller and faster-growing to enable rapid testing.
In both species, genetics, genomics and bioinformatics will be used to identify new genes that can affect the control points. Synthetic biology approaches will be developed to control when and where in the plant the genes are expressed, and modeling will help determine the best approaches. New plant transformation approaches will be used to accelerate evaluation cycles.
“Combining ‘design-build-test-learn’ cycles with parallel studies of model and crop species will enable rapid experimental iterations, leading to faster and substantial water use efficiency improvements in bioenergy feedstocks,” Baxter said.
Project collaborators are Jennifer Brophy and José Dinneny, Stanford University; Asaph Cousins, Washington State University; Andrew Leakey, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana; Albert Kausch, University of Rhode Island; Todd Mockler, Danforth Center; Sue Rhee, Carnegie Institution for Science; and Dan Voytas, University of Minnesota.


History of Mason Temple
Mason Temple, in Memphis, Tennessee, is the international sanctuary and central headquarters of the Church of God in Christ, the largest African American Pentecostal group in the world.
Built in 1941 during World War II, the Temple was constructed to replace the original “Tabernacle” or meeting place of the Annual Holy Convocation which burned down in the late 1930s. Despite shortages of steel and other supplies, Mason Temple was the largest church building owned by a predominantly black religious denomination in the United States at its completion. It has a present seating capacity of 3,732.
The building was named for Bishop Charles Harrison Mason, founder of the Church of God in Christ, who is entombed in a marble crypt inside the Temple. It was the location of Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” speech on April 3, 1968, one day before his assassination.
Write the Vision
On April 12, 1940, Bishop C.H. Mason commissioned Bishop R.F. Williams to oversee the building of Mason Temple. In this letter Bishop Mason wrote: “To the Elders & Bishops of the Church of God in Christ this is to say that I have left Bishop R.F. Williams to see after the business of arranging for the build of the temple on So. Fifth Street here in Memphis, Tenn. as I am so worn and need rest of mind and body, hope all will join in work with him as with me he will report to me that I may know how you are getting along. Yours in Christ, CH Mason”
The work on Mason Temple was not complete until 1945. Bishop R.F. Williams wrote a letter to the Church of God in Christ detailing the many obstacles they faced pursuing the vision God had given Bishop Mason, but also gave glory to God for overcoming every problem. When Mason Temple was being erected, the United States was at the end of the Great Depression and also it was during war time where steel was in short supply. The building of Mason Temple is a testament to the fact that where God guides, He provides.
Image Credit: Church of God in Christ Publishing House’s “Facts about the Temple”


Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
Necrotizing enterocolitis is a disease that primarily affects the intestine of premature infants and is the leading cause of pediatric short bowel syndrome. The wall of the intestine is invaded by bacteria, which causes local infection and inflammation that can ultimately destroy the wall of the intestine. The destruction of the bowel wall can lead to perforation (hole formation) of the intestine and spillage of the intestinal contents into the infant’s abdomen, resulting in overwhelming infection and possible death. (1)
Signs and Symptoms:
Inability to tolerate feeds
Vomiting bile (green)
Diagnosis is usually based on abdominal x-ray and a variety of laboratory studies.
Treatment: Medical treatment is the first step including insertion of a nasogastric tube (NG) to help decompress the stomach, administration of intravenous (IV) fluids and antibiotics, and stopping oral feedings. Surgical treatment may be indicated if the child has clinical deterioration despite optimal medical management, develops an intestinal stricture, or there is presence of a pneumoperitoneum (air in the peritoneal cavity) which usually indicates intestinal perforation.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis. CHLA. https://www.chla.org/necrotizing-enterocolitis. Published October 16, 2018. Accessed April 29, 2020.


There are many different reasons why internships can be great opportunities for students of Engineering Colleges. They might be ready for the workplace yet, unsure about which career path to take, or think their CV could do a lot. Whatever the reason, an internship could be the perfect way for individuals to prepare for their future career.
An internship is simply a period of work experience within a company for a limited period of time. Unlike more casual work experience or volunteering that students of Top Engineering Colleges might have carried out at university, interns usually have a specific job role and tasks to carry out. These roles are typically advertised publicly with a formal application process. While unpaid internships do exist, recent negative media coverage of them has led to more and more internships. It provides a salary or at least expenses.
Companies also often use internships to recruit full-time staff. It essentially uses them as a trial period before deciding whether to take someone on permanently. If students of Best Engineering Colleges play their cards right, there is a chance an internship could lead to their first graduate job.
The tenure of internships depends on different factors. They can last between anything from a couple of weeks to a whole year. It depends on what the internship is for and which company it is with.
Student internships tend to last two to three months over the summer break, whereas graduate internships at Top 10 Engineering Colleges are generally longer. But again, this varies hugely.
Depending on the schedule, students of B Tech Colleges may be able to arrange a part-time internship which fits around their uni-work. On the other hand, working with a company one or two days a week allows individuals to have a full-time internship during their holidays.
There are lots of great benefits to dedicating some time to doing an internship.


Upper Airway Anatomy
Last updated: 03/06/2015
The upper airway consists of the pharynx and the nasal cavities; however, some authors include the larynx and trachea as well. The pharynx is can be divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
The nose is composed of bone and cartilage, which are in turn attached to the facial skeleton. It is a pyramidal structure that is divided by a midline septum into two nasal cavities. The nasal cavities are lined with mucosa that can function to heat and humidify inspired gas. The paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity. The posterior portion of the mouth opens into the oropharynx. When a patient is supine and unconscious, the tongue and lower jaw may slide posteriorly leading to airway obstruction within the oropharynx.
The pharynx is a U-shaped fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the cricoid cartilage. It is bounded anteriorly and superiorly by the nasal cavity, followed more inferiorly by the mouth, and then the larynx. These borders divide the pharynx into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, respectively.
The epiglottis guards the opening to the glottis or the glottic inlet. It is a flap of elastic cartilage covered by mucosa that is attached superiorly and anteriorly to the larynx.
Beyond the glottic inlet is the larynx. The larynx is bounded by the aryepiglottic folds, the tip of the epiglottis, and the posterior commissure of the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. It bulges posteriorly into the laryngopharynx. Beyond the cricoid cartilage lies the trachea, which is formed by a set of U-shaped cartilaginous rings that extend to the carina before bifurcating into each mainstem bronchi.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


Open air vent
This open vent was allowing uncontrolled air to move in and out of the crawl space.
Old insulation needs to go
This insulation falling loose is ineffective and dirty.
Wet dirt floors would later be flattened out and covered with material to control the moisture and dirty air.
Crawl Space before
The first place air coming into a homes starts is in your bottom levels. That means that a nasty crawl space like this can be the source of musty air going into the home and living spaces above.
Dirty old insulation is evidence that poor quality air was moving through the space. Insulation can act as a filter and collect allergens and other particles floating around.
These panels insulate significantly better than the old batt insulation which was hanging from the ceiling of the crawl space.
Work in progress
Midway through CleanSpace installation. The walls have been insulated with SilverGlo panels and air sealed with ZypFoam.
Rim joist sealed with spray foam, SilverGlo panels insulating the walls, and CleanSpace covering the ground.
SilverGlo panels and rim joists are sealed up with spray foam.
Closed-off air vents keep the unconditioned air outside from coming into the crawl space.


WASHINGTON – In celebration of National Park Week 2014, April 19 – 27, the National Park Foundation today released a new infographic that invites visitors to “Go Wild” and discover the diverse wildlife, iconic landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich history found in America’s national parks.
This new infographic includes interesting and fun facts about natural, historical, and cultural treasures in America’s national parks. As the infographic reads, “These treasures can be found beneath us, beside us, and in the skies above us.”
National Park Week is hosted by the National Park Service and the National Park Foundation.
There are countless ways to enjoy National Park Week. Using the resources on the National Park Week website, visitors can plan adventures, share national park photos, videos, and tips, and learn about all the ways to help support national parks. A complete list of National Park Week events taking place across the country is available at www.nationalparkweek.org.
ABOUT THE NATIONAL PARK FOUNDATION
The National Park Foundation is the official charity of America’s national parks and nonprofit partner to the National Park Service. Chartered by Congress in 1967, the National Park Foundation raises private funds to help PROTECT more than 84 million acres of national parks through critical conservation and preservation efforts, CONNECT all Americans with their incomparable natural landscapes, vibrant culture and rich history, and INSPIRE the next generation of park stewards. Find out more and become a part of the national park community at www.nationalparks.org


Preventing forklift accidents is crucial for maintaining a safe working environment and protecting the well-being of workers. Forklifts pose significant risks due to their size, weight and the nature of their operations.
Learning about how to prevent forklift accidents is critical. Learning about how to respond in the event that one occurs is critical as well.
Training is key
Proper training and education are paramount to preventing forklift accidents. Comprehensive training programs should be implemented for both forklift operators and other employees working in proximity to forklifts. Here are key aspects to consider:
- Operator Training: Forklift operators should undergo thorough training programs that cover essential topics such as forklift operation techniques, load handling, stability principles and safe driving practices. Training should also include site-specific information, such as navigating through narrow aisles or congested areas. Regular refresher courses can help reinforce knowledge and address any changes in regulations or safety procedures.
- Awareness Training: All employees working around forklifts should receive awareness training to understand the hazards associated with forklift operations. This includes emphasizing the importance of maintaining a safe distance, recognizing forklift operating zones and understanding hand signals used by forklift operators.
Proactive safety approaches
Implementing appropriate safety measures and procedures significantly reduces the risk of forklift accidents. Here are some key considerations:
- Regular Inspections and Maintenance: Forklifts should undergo regular inspections to identify and address any mechanical issues or equipment malfunctions.
- Traffic Control and Segregation: Clearly marked traffic lanes, pedestrian walkways and forklift operating zones help segregate forklift traffic from pedestrians and other vehicles.
- Load Management and Stability: Proper load management is crucial to maintaining forklift stability. Operators should receive training on load weight limits, load securement techniques and safe stacking practices.
- Reporting and Investigation: Establishing a reporting and investigation system for near-misses, incidents and accidents involving forklifts helps identify potential risks and implement corrective measures. Prompt reporting and thorough investigations ensure that lessons are learned and preventive actions are taken to avoid future incidents.
Even when all of these necessary measures are taken, accidents will continue to happen – albeit at a much lower rate. Those who have been injured can seek legal guidance to learn more about their post-accident options.


Baby (Primary) teeth are critical to your child’s health and development. They assist in the development of permanent teeth by saving space for them in the jaw. When a baby tooth is lost too early, the permanent teeth can drift into the empty space and make it difficult for other adult teeth to find room when they need to come in.
Teeth are needed for chewing. Dental pain from cavities can lead to nutritional deficiencies if the child is not able to properly chew their food. If cavities are left untreated, there is risk of infection. This infection can spread to other areas of the body and even to the brain. This can become a true emergency rapidly. Unfortunately, there have been reported cases where children have died from a dental abscess/infection.
The primary teeth assist in speech and facial development. The tongue, lips and cheeks deflect off of teeth when forming sounds. The presence and the proper positioning of baby teeth, assist in the formation of correct pronunciation during speech. The tooth structure also provides support for the developing facial muscles and gives shape to your child’s face.
Permanent teeth develop directly above (or below in the lower arch) the roots of the baby teeth. The enamel (outer layer of teeth) on baby teeth is much thinner and cavities can spread very quickly. If cavities are left untreated, the baby tooth can develop an infection which can hinder tooth development and cause damage to the permanent tooth.
Children with poor oral health are nearly three times more likely to miss school as a result of tooth pain.
Children with decayed front teeth tend to not smile or may cover their mouth when speaking. Sometimes they stop playing with other children. A healthy smile helps give children the self-confidence needed to have good social experiences.


Who is the Father of Plant Tissue Culture?
Gottlieb Haberlandt is known as the father of Plant Tissue Culture.
Here are some quick facts about Gottlieb Haberlandt:
|Birth||28 November 1854|
|Death||30 January 1945|
|Notable Works||Physiologische, Pflanzenanatomie|
|Subjects Of Study||Plant, Tissue culture|
Gottlieb Haberlandt — Father of Plant Tissue Culture
Gottlieb Haberlandt is the father of plant tissue culture. He was a German botanist and scientist who pioneered the field of Plant tissue culture by establishing the first sterile growing medium for plants, which he called ‘medium AER’.
This allowed him to more accurately grow plants from seed without soil or sunlight. In 1926, through his research and efforts in cultivating rice he developed yellow rice, which helped with food shortages during World War 2.
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The history of all animals among all the biota and its deviation from plants started when some of the living beings “decided” to live on energy from somebody else’s molecules used as “fuel,” while others “chose” to supply their energy needs by chemo- or photosynthesis.
To gain their “fuel,” these proto-animals developed mechanisms to detect their “proto-preys” from the distance, to reach them (movements), to catch them (arms), and to destroy and absorb them. And, of course, they needed to organize the work of all of these tools for an optimal supply of the gut’s input. So, the behavior of all “eaters” (animals) appeared as a phenomenon, the purpose of which is to obtain a proper inflow of nutrients. This thesis was right for the early stages of evolution, and it is right for all contemporary ancestors of those who live because they eat – including humans.
Some animals are the first-step consumers –they eat biological materials derived from photosynthesis in form of plants bodies. Some go even further – they eat those who consume vegetation. The first ones are known as vegetarians, the seconds as carnivorous.
Our pets – cats and dogs- belongs to the second category. Of course, there is nothing in nature which might be 100% accurate. Certain members of the vegetarian family consume a definite part of their diet in the form of other animal’s bodies. For example, the cow eats the grass with some insects on it and eats microbes and sometimes a portion of other animal products. On the other hand, seemingly strict carnivorous eaters may include in their diet certain parts of vegetarian products. The degree of carnivorousness is significantly variable; felines are almost fully flesh-eaters (but not 100 %), while dogs are closer to being omnivorous.


The Link Between Depression and Sleep Apnea
Have you been struggling with depression? Although there are many things that can cause depression, you should also be aware that there is a link between depression and sleep apnea, a serious sleep problem.
What Is Sleep Apnea?
In patients with sleep apnea, breathing is disrupted during sleep – this can happen hundreds of times during the night without you even realizing it. This, of course, makes it hard to get quality sleep, and you may find it difficult to get through the next day because you are simply exhausted. You may also have dry mouth or sore throat, morning headaches, and difficulty concentrating.
There are some factors that may increase your risk for sleep apnea. For instance, men are twice as likely to have it than women; it occurs more often in adults who are over 60; and if you are overweight you may have too much tissue around your upper airway, which can obstruct breathing and lead to sleep apnea.
What Is the Link Between Depression and Sleep Apnea?
Not getting a good night's sleep is enough to get you in a bad mood, but if you have sleep apnea it can do more than that. Consistently not getting enough sleep can start to change your brain activity, which affects your energy levels, which can make it difficult for your brain to fight off depression and anxiety. Fortunately, there are different options for treating sleep apnea to help your energy levels and your state of mind.
Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is typically the first line of treatment, may patients find CPAP machines difficult to use. Oral appliance therapy is another option. An oral appliance is simply a plastic device you wear at night that helps to keep your airway open so that you can breathe freely and have an uninterrupted night of sleep.
How is sleep apnea affecting you and your quality of life? It is bad not only for your physical health but your mental health as well. Contact eos dental sleep for more information about oral appliance therapy to treat your sleep apnea. Call the office in Philadelphia at (215) 241-0700 today!


Last Updated on
The Transform 2D node allows you to apply static or dynamic post-processing transformations to the patches. Typically, it is used to position, move, scale, rotate patches, and create various picture-in-picture effects.
The Transform 2D node connects to the Transform Matrix input parameter of the target patch node.
Example of the node graph with the Transform 2D node
Example of the node graph with the Transform2D node
The advantage of using the Transform 2D node is that you can apply transformations to the image output while preserving the settings and geometry of the target patch node.
The Settings panel of the Transform 2D node offers control over the following transformation parameters:
Anchor Point Adjusts the position of the transform origin — the point around which transformations are applied.
Translate Offsets the patch horizontally (X) and / or vertically (Y) by the set factor.
Rotate Rotates the patch around its center by the specified angle.
Scale Scales the patch from its center by the set factor.
Transform Order Select an order in which transformations are implemented, for example, Scale, Rotate, Translate.
Flip V Flips the patch vertically.
Flip H Flips the patch horizontally.
Aspect Ratio Stretches the patch horizontally by the set factor.
Translation Speed Sets the speed for continuous horizontal (X) and/or vertical (Y) movement of the patch.
Scaling Speed Sets the speed for continuous scaling of the patch from its center.
Rotation Speed Sets the speed for continuous rotation of the patch around its center by the specified angle.
Reset to Default Resets all transformations applied to the patch by the Transform 2D node.
In addition, working with the Transform 2D patch follows the general principles for working with patches outlined in the Editing Patches section of the documentation.


Last Wednesday, the Supreme Court of the United States heard a criminal defense case involving whether police were required to give a 13-year-old boy Miranda warnings and whether the young teenager was in custody at the time he was questioned. The justices were divided along political lines as they questioned both sides during the oral arguments. While some justices worried that different standards of Miranda warnings would need to be applied to different age groups, other justices easily thought that a 13-year-old would interpret questioning by a police officer differently than an adult.
The main issue of the case is whether the seventh grade boy with special needs was in custody at the time of questioning and as a result entitled to his Miranda warnings. Miranda warnings protect criminal suspects from giving compelled self-testimony about that which they are accused. Generally, whether a person is “in custody” is determined under a reasonable person standard and whether that person felt free to leave after police questioning begins. Factors in determining custody are the nature of the discussion, length and location.
The 13-year-old boy in the case was believed to be involved in a string of theft cases in Chapel Hill, North Carolina in 2005. The boy was taken out of class and brought to a conference room for questioning where a police investigator, assistant principal, school intern and school resource officer were waiting. The four adults asked whether the boy would like to talk about some recent criminal activity. The boy agreed and the door was closed but not locked.
At first the boy denied any involvement in the string of residential robberies but then gave an admission. Afterward, the police officer told the seventh grader he did not have to answer any more questions but the boy continued to talk giving incriminating information. The four adults said the young boy never asked if he could leave the room or stop answering questions. At no point were the boy’s Miranda warnings given and his admission was later admitted as evidence.
Source: CNN, “Justices to decide if age counts for child suspects being questioned,” Bill Mears, 3/23/11


Reading, writing, arithmetic, and programming?
- May 31, 2012
- 1 Comment
I believe that basic programming should be a skill that most adults have. We don't all prove new theorems, but we can use math to solve problems that arise in daily life. We won't all publish novels, but we can compose an email. We won't all write an operating system or a new machine learning algorithm, but we should be able to program a basic application. Today, most programming is done by a small, unrepresentative sample of the population and I believe that this limits the kinds of technologies that we create as a society.
I stumbled on a news story a few years ago about the parents of a child with cerebral palsy who were attempting to help their daughter communicate. Like good parents, they explored the assistive technologies available to them, but none were really right for their daughter. In most families, this story would end with the family making due with the best of a less than ideal set of options. But, this child was born to a computer scientist. When the technologies available didn't address his daughter's needs, he wrote a program that did. At the time of the news story, that program was in use by thousands of other kids. Today, there are many stories about people whose needs aren't quite met by the technologies available to them. The fact that the story ended with a new software tool that helps many other kids with communication difficulties is remarkable. Long term, the motivation behind Looking Glass is to make this story entirely unremarkable by raising a generation of kids that has basic programming skills.
hulkingshoe819 asked a question:
Hello Caitlin. Unfortunately I can't reach you by email. That's why I'm trying to make contact this way. We run a website around the topic of how children learn programming. You can find our site at: https://kinderprogrammieren.de/ We would be interested in a cooperation with lookingglass.wustl.edu. How could a cooperation look like. Are you interested? Thank you in advance Edgar
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Kajaani Police Station
Cultural Heritage of Hydropower Architecture (VekuVaku) project co-financed by EU Interreg Nord programme
Kallioinen is a small hydropower plant located in River Ontojoki that flows from the eastern border of Finland towards Lake Oulujärvi. The power plant was built by Kajaani Inc. between 1955 and 1957 and was designed by architect Eino Pitkänen (1904-1955). After Pitkänen passed away in 1955, engineer Jaakko Asikainen finished his work staying true to Pitkänen’s vision. Eino Pitkänen was one of Kainuu region’s most important modernist architects and was known for his functionalist works.
The power house of Kallioinen has an on-site casted concrete frame with plastered brick façades and a gable roof. The architecture can be described as a rural application of Functionalism with certain classicist and regionalist undertones. The simple cube-like mass of the power house is placed at the centre of the plan, in between the log crane and the switchyard. The elongated concrete structure of the log crane is the most conspicuous element of the facility. The power plant has one turbine and it produces 13,5 megawatts of power. Kallioinen is classified as a Nationally significant built cultural environment (RKY).
Pitkänen also designed the small residential area for the power plant’s workers. The area, located in the waterfront, has four wooden single-family type houses.
Text: Samuli Paitsola


Wenupteryx uzi is a small, probable archaeopterodactyloid pterosaur known from the Upper Jurassic Vaca Muerta Formation in Neuquén Province, Argentina. It’s based on an incomplete, but associated skeleton, as well as an isolated ulna; and was named and described in 2013 by Laura Codorniú and Zulma Gasparini. The name uses the Mapuche words “wenu” meaning “sky” and “uzi” meaning “fast.”
The associated skeleton includes some cervical and dorsal vertebrae, both shoulders, portions of the right wing and most of the left wing, portions of the hips and most of the hindlimbs. The cervical vertebrae in Wenupteryx are unusual, with a depression on the front side of the centrum, but also with a small bump on the lower edge of the centrum. The limb bones, including a lengthened metacarpus, show that Wenupteryx was a pterodactyloid, the group of short-tailed pterosaurs that emerged in the Jurassic and dominated the skies of the Cretaceous. Features of the cervical vertebrae suggest links to the archaeopterodactyloids, like Pterodactylus and Ctenochasma.
No skull material is known for Wenupteryx, but most other archaeopterodactyloids have long snouts usually with fan-shaped soft-tissue crests somewhere on the upper surface of the crown of the head or the rostrum, so it’s likely Wenupteryx did too. Many basal archaeopterodactyloids, like Pterodactylus and Germanodactylus have many small, sharp teeth for going after fish or small terrestrial prey; but others like Ctenochasma and Gnathosaurus have very long teeth used for suspension feeding. Of course, without any skull or tooth material it’s unknown which feeding strategy was used by Wenupteryx.
The Vaca Muerta Formation was deposited approximately 150 million years ago, in a shallow sea and tropical lagoon environment linked to the Pacific Ocean to the west. Regardless of its teeth, Wenupteryx probably lived and fed near the shore of the ancient sea.


Effect of splenectomy on first cadaver kidney transplants.
A prospective study was begun in January 1975 to evaluate the effect of splenectomy on graft and patient survival in recipients of first cadaver kidney transplants. Ninety-two cases were evaluated. Splenectomy increased the survival of both grafts and recipients. The benefit from splenectomy compensated readily for the perioperative morbidity of splenectomy and the long-term increased risk of sepsis from certain bacteria for the asplenic patient. Splenectomy exerted its effect by reducing the incidence and intensity of rejection episodes. It was not clear whether the observation resulted from a direct immunosuppressive effect of splenectomy or from the increased tolerance to azathioprine observed in asplenic recipients. Finally, splenectomy negated an effect of race that had been observed earlier for survival of cadaver transplants and recipients.
Published In/Presented At
Stuart, F. P., Reckard, C. R., Ketel, B. L., & Schulak, J. A. (1980). Effect of splenectomy on first cadaver kidney transplants. Annals of surgery, 192(4), 553–561. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-198010000-00013
Medicine and Health Sciences
Department of Surgery


What Does 1080 Interlaced Mean?
In IT, 1080 interlaced (1080i) is a term for a type of display improvement technology to complement high-resolution images. These types of strategies are commonly used in streaming video, in order to provide a better visual result to viewers.
Techopedia Explains 1080 Interlaced
One way of explaining the 1080 interlaced technique is to contrast it with another similar format called 1080 progressive. Both of these operate with 1920×1080 pixel resolution. The difference is that the 1080 progressive format displays all of the pixels on the screen at one time, but the interlaced format displays two sets of pixels, one after the other. In a 1080 interlaced format, one image is broadcasted over the even lines of a pixel field, and the second image is broadcasted the odd lines of pictures. This technique helps to make motion seem to flow, and can reduce issues like screen flicker. The 1080 interlaced format is often broadcasted at 60 frames per second, but with the split display, it might be more accurate to say that it is broadcast at 30 frames per second.
With 1080 interlaced techniques, the results can vary depending on several factors. A smaller television can minimize the difference between progressive or interlaced formats. It is also important to look at the way provider companies handle the compression of data. And of course, there is the screen resolution, which is a different issue from whether or not broadcasters are using an interlaced or progressive format. However, 1080 interlaced has become part of a gradually evolving standard for high-definition of television displays.


Vaccine Hesitancy In Rural America Threatens To Prolong Pandemic, Analysis Finds
About a third of Americans living in rural areas say they probably or definitely would not get a COVID-19 vaccine, according to a recent analysis from the Kaiser Family Foundation.
The hesitance of 35% of rural residents stands out compared to the 27% of suburban and 26% of urban residents who say they'd probably or definitely forego a vaccine deemed safe and effective and available for free.
Rupali Limaye, an epidemiologist with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, says 35% of rural people not getting vaccinated would pose a serious threat to ending the pandemic.
"When we're having huge swathes of the population essentially telling us that they're not going to get the vaccine, then that means that we're still going to have the virus circulating," she said.
The analysis also found that when it comes to changing people's minds, the vast majority of rural residents say they would trust vaccine information from their own doctor or health care providers.
"The problem that we are facing, I think, particularly with rural communities, is that people don't have a doctor that they go to anymore," Limaye said.
Additionally, 50% of rural residents say they believe the threat COVID-19 poses has been "generally exaggerated" in the news.
Finally, most rural residents - 62% - view getting vaccinated as mostly a personal choice rather than part of everyone's responsibility to protect the health of others. However, that's just not how vaccine science works. That's because when you get vaccinated, you make it harder for germs to travel between you and your community.
This story was produced by the Mountain West News Bureau, a collaboration between Wyoming Public Media, Boise State Public Radio in Idaho, KUNR in Nevada, the O'Connor Center for the Rocky Mountain West in Montana, KUNC in Colorado, KUNM in New Mexico, with support from affiliate stations across the region. Funding for the Mountain West News Bureau is provided in part by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Copyright 2021 Wyoming Public Radio


Development of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers Who Teach Kids With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Year of Publication
Master of Science in Education (MSEd)
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology
Dr. Michael D. Toland
This study aimed to measure teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Teacher self-efficacy refers to the belief teachers hold about their ability to affect student learning and has been shown to change teachers’ motivation, stress levels, and amount of given effort (Klassen, Tze, Betts, & Gordon, 2011). Numerous studies have dealt with the measurement of this construct and developed measures that assess teachers in different domains and populations; however, only one study (Ruble, Toland, Birdwhistell, McGrew, & Usher, 2013) has attempted to measure within the population of students with ASD. The purpose of the current study was to develop and pilot a new measure, the Teacher Self-Efficacy for Autism Scale (TSEAS), expand the construct to the target population, and provide sources of validity evidence. Results indicated that the TSEAS represented a unidimensional scale and latent correlation analyses suggested that the TSEAS has a positive correlation with a well-known teacher self-efficacy measure and has a low, positive correlation with a job satisfaction instrument. With continued refinement, the TSEAS can support others who wish to measure this construct and future application of the methods employed in building this scale can be applied to other scales with minor revisions.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Love, Abigail M. A., "Development of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers Who Teach Kids With Autism Spectrum Disorder" (2016). Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology. 45.
Educational Methods Commons, Educational Psychology Commons, Special Education and Teaching Commons


In today’s digital age, security is one of the most critical aspects of our lives. With the rise of cybercrime and the increasing dependence on technology, we are constantly exposed to threats and vulnerabilities that can compromise our privacy, financial stability, and even our physical safety. In this blog, we’ll explore why security is so important, and how it can help protect us from these threats.
Protection of Personal Information
Security is important because it helps protect our personal information from being stolen or misused. Our personal information is valuable, and cybercriminals are constantly on the lookout for ways to access it. Whether it’s our financial information, medical records, or even our social media accounts, we need to take steps to secure our personal information and prevent it from falling into the wrong hands.
Prevention of Cyberattacks
Cyberattacks are becoming increasingly common, and they can have devastating consequences. From ransomware attacks that can shut down entire businesses to phishing scams that can steal our personal information, cyberattacks can be costly and disruptive. By implementing security measures, we can reduce the risk of these attacks and protect ourselves and our businesses from harm.
Protection of Intellectual Property
Security is also important for protecting intellectual property. Whether it’s a new product design or a trade secret, intellectual property is valuable and needs to be protected. Without proper security measures, this information can be stolen or leaked, which can have serious consequences for businesses and individuals.
Compliance with Regulations
In many industries, compliance with regulations is mandatory. For example, healthcare providers are required to comply with HIPAA regulations to protect patient privacy, while financial institutions are required to comply with regulations to prevent money laundering and fraud. By implementing security measures, businesses can ensure compliance with regulations and avoid costly penalties.
Peace of Mind
Finally, security is important for peace of mind. Knowing that our personal information is safe and secure can help reduce stress and anxiety. It can also give us confidence in our online activities, allowing us to use technology more freely without fear of becoming a victim of cybercrime.
In conclusion, security is essential in today’s digital age. It helps protect our personal information, prevent cyberattacks, protect intellectual property, ensure compliance with regulations, and give us peace of mind. By implementing security measures, we can reduce the risk of cybercrime and protect ourselves and our businesses from harm.


A) it contains two different elements joined by chemical bond
B) it contains hydrogen & oxygen
C) it exists as solid, liquid or gas
D) it cannot be split up into simpler substances by chemicals means
You have the following binary number :10110111. What are the decimal and hexadecimal equivalents?
A room 5m 55cm long and 3m 74cm broad is to be paved with square tiles.Find the least number of square tiles required to cover the floor?
What is the capital of Philippines?
What is the characteristic of the logarithm of 0.0000134?
Rishi bought 30 kg of sugar at the rate of Rs. 9 per kg and 45 kg of sugar at the rate of Rs. 10 per kg. He mixed both type of sugar and sold the mixture at the rate of Rs. 9.75 per kg. What was his gain or loss in the selling of whole sugar?
Which set of letters when sequentially placed at the gaps in the given letter series shall complete it? x_zz_xx_z_yx
‘Brass City’ in Uttarkhand is being set-up at
A problem is given to three students whose chances of solving it are 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 respectively. What is the probability that the problem will be solved?
A person who writes books is called
Select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives. Land of the Rising Sun : Japan : : The Land of the Thunder Dragon : ?


However, in fact, uneducated self-taught people also become coders. Sometimes specialists complete a two-year foundation course and gain additional knowledge and skills in the course of their work. The fact that coding itself is only a programmer's time is not obvious to many ordinary people. Basically, this expert is busy analyzing tasks and debugging already written programs. Therefore, only a small portion of the code ends up in the final product. There is a stereotype that a programmer is someone who is constantly typing on a keyboard. In real life, this expert spends most of his working time thinking.
Often the original code has to be phone number list completely redone. Additionally, the process of completing a program externally may appear to be continuous until the program's eventual release. Here's a gift for you! Up to download free neural networks to make your life easier To receive the file, please enter your email: Email, e.g. by entering a phone number to confirm that you are not a robot: Free download Opt-in I agree to the processing of personal data However, at first phase, future experts understand the basics of coding and then learn to debug (the process of finding bugs). At least working hours will be devoted to the latter. This skill will ultimately determine the professionalism of a programmer.
However, coding is also important for training and gaining hands-on experience. As a result, a programmer has to automate his coding skills. This is just one way of achieving the intended project. But the most difficult thing for a programmer is to come up with and correctly design what is to be implemented. The concrete manifestation of ideas in life will be a matter of technology. Programming languages As you know, for human-computer interaction a special language is used, it is a A group of commands (machine code) from zero to one.


Characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and risk factors for severe infection: a population based study within the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health
Principal Investigator: Dr. Victoria Kirsh
Affiliation: Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
Start Year: 2020
In Canada, as of 23 October 2020, there have been at least 210,879 confirmed deaths and more than 210,879 confirmed cases in the COVID-19 pandemic. Our understanding of who is most vulnerable to severe COVID-19disease is evolving, but data suggests that increasing age, obesity, and having underlying health conditions, including heart conditions, immunocompromised state, type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease put one at increased risk. There are many other conditions, lifestyle and environmental factors that might increase the risk for severe illness but for which there are limited data and information. The regional cohorts of the CanPath collected COVID-19 related data using an online questionnaire that can be integrated with data collected at baseline to:
1) generate descriptive data on the prevalence of infection in the population by person, place and time, and the constellation of symptoms;
2) quantify associations between risk of severe infection and i) comorbidities and/or chronic conditions, ii) medication use, iii) exposures (air pollution, smoking, physical activity, body mass index), and iv) occupation (medical professional vs. other to indirectly assess the role of viral load) and;
3) evaluate the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic in terms of changes in i) employment status, ii) income, and iii) savings.
These findings will inform the public health response, including whom officials advise to be particularly stringent in observing social distancing, and the clinical triage protocol for surges in COVID-19 cases. This research will directly benefit individual Canadians, and enable an informed public health response.


Philosophical term / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Nature (philosophy)?
Summarize this article for a 10 years old
Nature has two inter-related meanings in philosophy and natural philosophy. On the one hand, it means the set of all things which are natural, or subject to the normal working of the laws of nature. On the other hand, it means the essential properties and causes of individual things.
How to understand the meaning and significance of nature has been a consistent theme of discussion within the history of Western Civilization, in the philosophical fields of metaphysics and epistemology, as well as in theology and science. The study of natural things and the regular laws which seem to govern them, as opposed to discussion about what it means to be natural, is the area of natural science.
The word "nature" derives from Latin nātūra, a philosophical term derived from the verb for birth, which was used as a translation for the earlier (pre-Socratic) Greek term phusis, derived from the verb for natural growth. Already in classical times, philosophical use of these words combined two related meanings which have in common that they refer to the way in which things happen by themselves, "naturally", without "interference" from human deliberation, divine intervention, or anything outside what is considered normal for the natural things being considered.
Understandings of nature depend on the subject and age of the work where they appear. For example, Aristotle's explanation of natural properties differs from what is meant by natural properties in modern philosophical and scientific works, which can also differ from other scientific and conventional usage.


To get the regex match a word in the string use re.search here not re.match method in Python.
From the docs on
Python regex matches a word in a string example
Simple example code If you want to locate a match anywhere in the string, use search() instead.
If the search is for the exact word ‘Not Ok’ then use \b word boundaries, otherwise only looking for a substring ‘Not Ok’ then use simply:
if 'Not Ok' in string.
For this example, you have to import the re module.
import re strs = 'Test result 1: Not Ok -31.08' res = re.search(r'\bNot Ok\b', strs).group(0) print(res)
Using the if condition with the same example
import re strs = 'Test result 1: Not Ok -31.08' match = re.search(r'\bNot Ok\b', strs) if match: print("Found") else: print("Not Found")
Do comment if you have any doubts or suggestions on this Python regex topic.
Note: IDE: PyCharm 2021.3.3 (Community Edition)
All Python Examples are in Python 3, so Maybe its different from python 2 or upgraded versions.
Degree in Computer Science and Engineer: App Developer and has multiple Programming languages experience. Enthusiasm for technology & like learning technical.


Venus flytraps are a native carnivorous plant that are found in bogs across the southeast of the United States. Flytraps have a trapping structure at the end of each of their leaves. This modified portion of the leaf can actively open and close to capture insects that trigger small hairs that line the inner surface of the trap. Once an insect is trapped, the continual movements inside the trap causes it to fully close and digest the insect. Like other carnivorous plants, the additional nutrients from these insects supplements the nutrient poor habitats they have evolved in.
Venus flytraps can be potted in a mixture of 60% peat moss and 40% perlite. Like most other carnivorous plants, avoid any media with fertilizers such as MiracleGro.
Venus flytraps prefer to be grown in shallow bogs where the growing media is kept continually moist. Generally, flytraps will thrive outside in full sun but can also be grown on a sunny window or under grow lights. Flytraps can be potted in larger bogs or individual pots can be placed in a plant saucer. Ensure there is always some water in the tray or bog to keep the media moist. Like all other carnivores, flytraps appreciate clean water that is low in total dissolved solids (TDS). Depending on where you live, this can be straight from the tap or filtered through a DI or similar system.
Flytraps have a winter dormancy. During this time, much of the growth above the surface will die back. This will be triggered by seasonal changes in temperature and daylight hours. During this time, keep the soil just damp until the next growing season begins. If the temperatures are expected to fall below freezing for an extended amount of time, bring them inside or cover with some protection like pine needles or an antifreeze tarp.
These plants do not need to be fed for survival. If you want to feed your flytrap, only feed it live insects that are small enough to fit inside the trap. If freeze dried worms or dead food are fed, the traps need to be gently massaged after they close to stimulate full closure and digestion.


Consumers design different PHEVs than expert analysts assume. Experts almost uniformly assume PHEVs that offer true all-electric driving for 10 to 60 miles; consumers are more likely to design PHEVs that do not offer true all-electric driving and have short ranges over which they use grid-electricity. Thus consumers? PHEV designs are less expensive. These consumer PHEV designs do, or don?t, produce lower GHG emissions than experts? PHEVs over the next ten years. The devil is in the details, i.e., which powerplant emissions to assign to new electricity demand: marginal or average. If (based on marginal powerplant emissions) it makes almost no difference whether we sell consumer-designed or expert-assumed PHEVs over the next ten years, yet as the grid continues to de-carbonize all-electric PHEV designs emerge as clearly the better option, there is a trajectory we could be on from blended, ?short range? PHEVs to all-electric ?long range? PHEVs. We see evidence that such a trajectory is possible by comparing the PHEV designs of consumers who have not and have driven a PHEV. Such consumer insights would materially affect policy and standards design. For example, SAE J2841 favors longer charge-depleting (CD) range to increase utility factors, but consideration of distributions of consumer designs indicates that so many more consumers favor shorter CD range that collectively they would drive more CD miles than those few consumers who favor longer CD range. In addition to informing such technical standards, consumers provide us with insights into the messages, education, and social narratives that would support their transition to PHEVs?and by extension, to other plug-in vehicles.
PresenterKenneth Kurani, Univ. of California-DavisContinue reading »


For related articles and more information, please visit OCA’s Health Issues page.
Are forgetfulness and “senior moments” inevitable parts of aging? Many medical professionals (including the doctor in CNN’s news brief above) say it’s perfectly normal to start having memory lapses by the time you reach middle age.
I disagree. In fact, if you notice memory lapses, you may want to seriously consider making some immediate lifestyle changes to help reverse, or at least minimize further damage that might lead to dementia or Alzheimer’s disease.
Fortunately, your brain is actually quite resilient, and has the capacity to regenerate and repair itself, which is given the medical term neuroplasticity. This is new information and not what I was taught in medical school in the late ’80s.
You’ll find that many of the lifestyle changes that will help prevent diabetes will also improve your brain function. There’s good reason for this, as sugar can have an adverse effect on your memory even if you’re otherwise healthy.
Increasing amounts of research also attest to the power of exercise to keep your mind sharp. Other factors that can have a significant impact on your brain function include lifestyle factors such as stress and poor sleeping habits.
The One Part of Your Brain That Appears to Be Protected Against Aging
Interestingly, recent research1 shows that certain cognitive systems located in the right cerebral hemisphere, such as spatial attention, mysteriously appear to be protected from the ravages of aging.
“Our studies have found that older and younger adults perform in a similar way on a range of visual and non-visual tasks that measure spatial attention,” said lead author Dr. Joanna Brooks.
“Both younger (aged 18 to 38 years) and older (55 to 95 years) adults had the same responses for spatial attention tasks involving touch, sight or sound.”


The differential diagnosis for a patient reporting “pain” includes physical causes (broken leg, sciatica, pseudo addiction); psychological causes (depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis, somatization disorder, etc.); spiritual causes (impending death, grief); secondary gain / malingering / criminal intent (desire for attention, disability benefit, or financial gain from pain medications) and substance use disorder.
A very commonly requested educational pain topic encloses differentiating the patient in pain from the patient with a substance use disorder.
Substance use disorder assessment
Assess in the following areas:
• Loss of control of drug use (has no partially filled med bottles; will not bring in bottles for verification).
• Adverse life consequences – use despite harm (legal, work, social, family).
• Indications of drug seeking behavior (reports lost/stolen meds, requests for high-street value meds).
• Drug taking reliability (frequently takes extra doses, does not use meds as prescribed).
• Abuse of other drugs (current/past abuse of prescription or street drugs).
• Contact with drug culture (family or friends with substance abuse disorders).
• Cooperation with treatment plan (does not follow-up with referrals or use of non-drug treatments).
One positive item from the list does not establish a substance use disorder. Instead, the diagnosis rests on a pattern of behavior that includes several positive findings.
See reference for more information
Adapted from Weissman DE. Is it pain or addiction? Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin. Fast facts and concepts #68. Internet. Accessed on January 5, 2019


A relative or complete decrease in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells underlies the development of, respectively, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. These diseases impose huge burden to welfare systems, both in Europe and in other developed and developing countries. There are so far limited therapeutic options to treat diabetes and none to cure or prevent the disease. This is due, in large part, to our limited knowledge of beta-cell biology in health and disease. Although a large body of knowledge has been gained on the function of beta-cells from animal models, knowledge on human beta-cell function, survival, and of the pathomechanisms that lead to their demise is still scarce.
The IMIDIA consortium, which consists of 14 leading European academic experts in the biology, physiology, and genetics of islet cells and in bioinformatics applied to systems biology, together with 9 major pharmaceutical industries and 1 SME, proposes an ambitious project to generate novel tools, biomarkers, and fundamental knowledge on beta-cell organization to accelerate the path to improved diabetes management.
The scientific program aims at delivering:
- Novel tools for the study of human beta-cell development, function and survival; their modulation by potential therapeutic compounds; and for in vivo beta-cell imaging.
- Biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of beta-cell failure and for monitoring diabetes progression and treatment.
- Knowledge on novel pathways and sites that control beta-cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and on the role of known nutrient regulated pathways and sites in controlling beta-cell mass and function.
The close interaction of academic teams, pharmaceutical companies and SME will provide a unique conjunction of expertise and will form a strong basis for a successful enterprise to ultimately improve industrial competitiveness and Public Health in Europe.


Ciftcioglu, Gulay Cetinkaya (2020, June). Using a combination of Q-methodology and survey-based approach for assessing forest ecosystem services of Five Finger Mountains in Northern Cyprus. Sustainability Science. (ePub in advance of print) (doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00824-8) (Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00824-8)
Abstract: This paper attempts to identify and assess the distinct stakeholders’ perspectives regarding Five Finger Mountain Forest Ecosystem Services (MFESs) at the landscape scale in Kyrenia Region of the Northern Cyprus. The objectives of the study were (1) to identify and assess the stakeholders’ perspectives of MFESs and (2) to record the non-wood forest products harvested and associated traditional ecological knowledge. The Q-methodology and focus group discussions were used to collect the qualitative and quantitative data on the objectives of the research. Before the Q-method, 13 focus groups were implemented to record the quantitative data on the ecological knowledge. Afterwards, the Q-method was conducted to identify the perspectives. The quantitative data collected were analysed by performing the Q-factor analysis. 96 Q-participants sorted 48 Q-statements with 11 categories (from + 5 to − 5). The results revealed that the stakeholders hold four distinct perspectives on the MFESs (recreation, heritage, conservation, and symbolic), which reflect the landscape social values. The results of the focus groups showed that the stakeholders collect 30 wild plant and 5 mushroom species from the forests and still hold the relevant traditional knowledge, which represents the natural resource social values. The landscape and natural resource social values are linked through the value dimension of scale; therefore, both values should be recognized as cultural heritage values and integrated into the forest conservation strategy. The values can also help policy-makers to take better decisions for the conservation and sustainable management of the mountain ecosystems and their services.
Gulay Cetinkaya Ciftcioglu <email@example.com> is in the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, Cyprus Science University, Kyrenia, Turkey.
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Results of a study reveal that consuming 1 egg a day can improve the number of heart-healthy blood metabolites, which could to some extent explain the protective effect of moderate egg consumption on cardiovascular disease risk.1✅ JOURNAL REFERENCE
Although eggs are an abundant source of dietary cholesterol, they also contain various essential nutrients. There’s conflicting evidence on whether or not egg consumption is harmful or beneficial to heart health. A 2018 study, which included about 500,000 individuals, discovered that people who consumed eggs every day (approximately 1 egg daily) had a significantly reduced risk of heart disease and stroke compared to individuals who consumed eggs less often. Now, to better understand this relationship, the authors of this work have conducted a population-based study looking at how egg consumption impacts markers of cardiovascular health in the blood.
According to the researchers, few studies have examined the part that plasma cholesterol metabolism plays in the connection between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk, so they wanted to further examine this.
The researchers selected 4,778 individuals, with 3,401 of them having a cardiovascular disease and 1,377 not having a cardiovascular disease. A technique was used known as targeted nuclear magnetic resonance for measuring 225 metabolites in plasma samples the researchers took from the blood of the study participants. 24 metabolites were identified that were linked to self-reported egg consumption levels.
Their analyses revealed that people who consumed eggs moderately had higher blood levels of a protein known as apolipoprotein A1, which is a building block of the ‘good lipoprotein’ HDL. These people had significantly more large HDL molecules in the blood that help in clearing cholesterol from the blood vessels and consequently protect against blockages that can result in stroke and heart attacks.
14 other metabolites that are associated with heart disease were also identified. It was discovered that individuals who consumed less eggs had lower beneficial metabolite levels and higher harmful metabolite levels in their blood in comparison to individuals who consumed eggs more regularly.
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Mystery of the Swiss Cheese Leaves
In recent weeks, we've been noticing more and more leaves around the garden that look as though someone's been going around hole-punching them. And while seeing punctured foliage usually elicits a sense of concern about pests and disease, something about the smooth, skillfully-crafted shape of these holes makes them seem benign to me... artful even!
Whoever's responsible seems to be especially fond of lilac leaves
The snowberry appears to be a favorite as well!
Oho! Could this bee the culprit?
Indeed, these holes are the work of a leafcutter bee (genus 'Megachile', which means “large jaws”) — a short-living, but very important pollinator which uses leaf or flower cuttings to construct little cigar-shaped nests for her offspring. Within each nest are separate rooms (cells) for each larvae, where the mother also leaves bee bread which the brood eat as they grow.
Although leafcutter bees' activities damage leaves, their short harvest period doesn't usually significantly harm the long-term health of plants. Furthermore, their ecological value as pollinators arguably outweighs the aesthetic value of ornamental plants (where these holes tend to cause the most concern).
I managed to capture a short video of this hardworking mama gathering nest material which you can view below:~ p.s. Male leafcutter bees have green eyes and die very shortly after mating. What a life!


Albino deer do not have the gene for normal coloration. They lack the enzyme Melanin, responsible for skin, hair, and tissue coloration. The result of this genetic oddity is the total absence of color giving them their white appearance.
Albinism in deer is a recessive trait, meaning both the buck and doe must carry the recessive gene for it to occur in their offspring. An albino deer bred to another albino would have only albinos.
An albino bred to a normal deer without the recessive gene for albinism would produce all normally colored white-tailed deer. But, the offspring from this cross would carry the recessive gene for albinism even though it would be normally colored. When carriers of albinism breed, there is a one-in-four chance that they will produce an albino fawn.
The albino deer, other than their color difference, are in every other way the same as regular colored deer...their health is not compromised by the recessive gene.
Here are two more whitetail oddities: Piebald and Melanistic Deer
In addition to the deer being white in color, the eyes of an albino deer are pink because the blood vessels behind the eye lenses show through the deer's unpigmented iris. Poor or failing eyesight is common among any albino creature, due to the lack of melanin. Adding to this issues is the fact that the lack of pigmentation make an albino's eyes much more sensitive to light, which can compromise their vision during the daylight hours.
Because of the fascination that the albino deer create, they are more apt to be killed by hunters. Not only because they stand out more due to their white color, but because many hunters see them as a rare trophy.
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A blender is usually used to process soft and watery stuff such as fruit and vegetables, when making smoothies or mixing cold drinks. Other than the main functions, it turned out that a blender can be used for other purpose.
For example, you can use a blender to make soy milk. Here's how to do it: Put soybean to process into soy milk together with water, then blend them smooth. Then filter the result to get smoother soybean juice.
Other than to make soy milk, a blender can be used to make vegetable milk or other processed drink, such as almond milk, green bean juice, and others. The procedure is the same as above. The ingredient is mixed with water, then processed as usual.
As addition to making vegetable milk, a blender can be used to make other processed food, such as:
- You can make your own chili or tomato sauce by blending all chili or tomato sauce ingredients with water until they are smooth, then cooking them completely.
- You can mix pancake dough. The procedure is just the same. Put in the pancake ingredients, then process them at low speed.
- Other than using a mixer, you can use a blender if you want to make whipped cream. To make the whipped cream expand to maximum, use high speed.
- You can make porridge or breast milk substitute by yourself at home. The procedure is to mix red rice with other ingredients such as boiled water (broth), chicken liver and vegetables, then process as normal.
For heavy duty work as mentioned above, you need a high quality blender. The best choice for all the heavy duty works is the Electrolux EBR5604W, a multipurpose blender with very smooth cutting capability.
This is due to the good blade material and design which is specifically maximized to move the processed food with more evenly spread texture.
The capability of the blade driving motor of the Electrolux EBR5604W is amazing. This differs from other blender brand that tends to stop working when used to process food with thick and fatty texture.
In other words, the Electrolux EBR5604W can give convenience and better food result. So, are you interested to own one?


WHY DO AUTUMN LEAVES CHANGE COLOR?
Leaves are nature’s food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas called carbon dioxide from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose. Oxygen is a gas in the air that we need to breathe. Glucose is a kind of sugar.
Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building blockfor growing. The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar is called photosynthesis. That means “putting together with light.” A chemical called chlorophyll helps make photosynthesis happen. Chlorophyll is what gives plants their green color.
As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. This is how the trees “know” to begin getting ready for winter.
During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. The trees will rest, and live off the food they stored during the summer. They begin to shut down their food-making factories. The green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves. As the bright green fades away, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. Small amounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along. We just can’t see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll.
The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in the fall. In some trees, like maples, glucose is trapped in the leaves after photosynthesis stops. Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn cause the leaves turn this glucose into a red color. The brown color of trees like oaks is made from wastes left in the leaves.
It is the combination of all these things that make the beautiful fall foliage colors we enjoy each year.
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Despite the constant advancements in medicine and technology, disabled individuals often struggle to gain equal access and ease of use. One prime example of this is mammograms, which can be incredibly challenging for wheelchair users due to the equipment and rooms being inaccessible. The lack of space and difficulty in maintaining the required position for the procedure can make it nearly impossible for disabled individuals to receive proper care.
If you’re concerned about cancer, it’s important to be aware of the signs and symptoms. These include a lump or swelling in the breast, upper chest, or armpit, changes to the skin such as puckering or dimpling, a change in the colour of the breast, rash or crusting around the nipple, and unusual discharge from either breast. Changes in the size or shape of the breast and pain in the breast or armpit that’s present all or almost all the time are also potential symptoms.
While breast cancer is more common in women, men can also develop it. The most common symptom of breast cancer in men is a lump in the chest area. If you notice any changes in your breasts, it’s essential to see your GP. While most changes are not cancerous, early detection is crucial for successful treatment.
In conclusion, it’s vital to ensure that medical facilities are accessible to all individuals, regardless of their physical abilities. By being aware of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer and seeking medical attention promptly, we can increase the chances of successful treatment and recovery.


Costa Rican Government
A stable & transparent democracy safe for travelling.
Costa Rica is a democratic republic with three main powers of government: Executive, Legislative and Judicial. Its first elections were held in 1889, making Costa Rica the oldest democracy in Central America.
The Executive Branch is represented by the office of the President and its ministries. The President and Vice-Presidents are elected by the people for a period of 4 years, while the cabinet ministers are chosen solely by the elected president for the same period. The Legislative Branch is responsible for approving and making the laws which will be executed by the executive power. It consists of a chamber of 57 congressional leaders chosen by free elections for a period of 4 years.
The Judicial Branch is the Supreme Court. It is composed of 22 magistrates elected for a period of 8 years. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body and is responsible for naming judges and tribunals. The Supreme Tribunal of Elections is considered Costa Rica’s fourth governmental branch, for it is the highest authority during elections to ensure everything goes according to law.
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Realizing that eating disorders are an illness that the family needs assistance in combatting, the Maudsley Model is a three phased plan that incorporates professional knowledge with parental compassion. Otherwise known as Family Based Therapy, this model has seen success in clinical trials. It seeks not to hospitalize the ill child, but to train the parents, empower the patient, and educate the family unit as a whole. The three phases take place in the home, where a therapist will focus on refeeding, weight gain, reducing stress and the empowerment of the patient among other concerns. Using the family not just as support, but as a tool to assist in the healing of the patient, compassion and understanding are keys to Phase I. The success rate for those who complete the program is high, while the relapse rate at five years is low. Those seeking an alternative to hospitalization will find the FBT (Maudsley Model) worth investigating.
- 1The Maudsley Model is a refeeding treatment program where caregivers play an active role in aiding in restoring their child’s weight to normal levels, help control their child’s eating, and encourage normal teen development through family therapy.
- 2The Maudsley Model is most effective in children under 19, and when begun within 3 years of the onset of disordered eating, with the goal of empowering the patient.
- 3Studies conducted on the long term efficacy rates of this model have shown that over 50% of patients who received this therapy were in full remission after completing the program.
Studies conducted on the long term efficacy rates of FBT, have shown that over 50% of patients who received FBT, were in full remission after completing the program. 120 AN patients were studied at the University of Chicago and Stanford University and test the FBT efficacy. FBT and control therapies were conducted with regular sessions for 1 year. At the end of the 1 year period, those enrolled in the FBT therapy showed fewer hospitalization compared to the control group .
Read the full article at: https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/blog/maudsley-model-eating-disorder


C. Cameron, J. Baxter, M. Creighton
Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, End of Life, Circular Life Cycle
Summary:The wind industry has grown tremendously over the last two decades and is projected to continue growing over the coming years, with predictions of over 400 GW of generation capacity by 2050. This growth is in part due to the increasing number of turbine installations throughout the United States, and to the ever- increasing size of wind turbine blades. As the blades become longer, the amount of material needed to construct them also increases. However, these materials aren’t designed to last forever, and eventually the wear and tear they experience lead to their decommissioning and disposal. Traditionally in the U.S., wind turbine blades are disposed of in landfills. However, the composite materials they’re constructed from are highly durable and therefore do not readily decompose. Additionally, U.S. landfills have now been filled to more than 50% of their capacity, as of 2023. At the current rate of disposal, some states are projected to reach 100% capacity by or before 2050. Therefore, landfill is not a sustainable disposal option and instead we must find alternative methods. Cement co-processing is one such alternative that has already been widely adopted in many European countries. In this process, alternative materials are inputted to a cement kiln and help to displace the traditional materials used in cement production. Another alternative is pyrolysis, which is already commonly used for biomass conversion into alternative liquid and gaseous fuels, and can be applied to composite materials to likewise convert the polymeric materials into fuels while also enabling recovery of the fiberglass to be remelted and formed into new glass products. I use a life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of these alternative options in contrast to the traditional disposal routes and to develop a prediction for the environmental impact we can expect given the throughput of decommissioned wind turbine blades in each of these processes.


WHAT IS ADENOCARCINOMA CANCER?
Adenocarcinoma cancer develops in one of the glands that line the interior of the organs. This type of cancer generally appears in the prostate, breast, colon, lung, or pancreas.
It is said that adenocarcinoma cancer can develop in different organs of the body, so far there is no list of symptoms that allows us to know if this type of cancer is the one that affects the patient because this type of cancer is asymptomatic. The symptoms that appear can affect the organ where it is and present symptoms in it, for example, breast adenocarcinoma can cause a lump or unusual growth.
Lung adenocarcinoma causes hoarseness, cough, weakness, weight loss, and exhaustion. Adenocarcinoma in the prostate may cause bladder control problems, frequent urination at night, bloody semen, and painful ejaculation. Other symptoms also occur in different parts of the body, so it is advisable to perform different tests that help detect this type of cancer, certain chemicals in the blood may also be associated with specific cancers.
Treatments for adenocarcinoma cancer depend on many factors, one of them is the site of origin of the cancer. Finally, there are many ways to treat this type of cancer, including surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
¿Qué es el cáncer de adenocarcinoma? (s. f.). Preguntasrespuestas.net.


For in the days of David and Asaph of old there were chief of the singers, and songs of praise and thanksgiving unto God. (Nehemiah 12:46 KJV)
Words from the Latin Gradual, 12th Century (Jubilemus omnes una); translated from Latin to English by Edward A. Dayman in the Hymnary, 1872.
Music: Namaan, M. Costa (Michael Costa [1808-1884]?), arranged by William H. Callcott
Honor and Glory, Thanksgiving and Praise
Honor and glory, thanksgiving and praise,
Maker of all things, to Thee we upraise;
God the Almighty, the Father, the Lord;
God by the angels obeyed and adored.
Thou art the Father of Heaven and earth;
Worlds uncreated to Thee owe their birth;
All the creation, Thy voice when it heard,
Started to life and to light at Thy Word.
Onward the sun and the moon and their march
Span with the rainbow the firmament’s arch;
Stars yet unknown, and whose light is to come,
Find in creation their place and a home.
Earth with the mountain, the river, the plain,
Sky with the dew-drop, the wind, and the rain,
Beast of the forest, wild bird of the air,
All are Thy creatures, and all are Thy care.
Ocean the restless, and waters that swell,
Lightnings that flash over flood, over fell,
Own Thee the Master Almighty, and call
Thee the Creator, the Father, of all.
Yea, Thou art Father of all, and Thy love
Pity for man that is fallen doth move;
Guide us in life, and protect to the last;
And, at Thine Advent, Lord, pardon the past.
- More Birds in Hymns
- Wordless Birds
- From NetHymnal


Penetration testing is a proactive and authorized attempt to evaluate the security of an IT infrastructure by safely attempting to exploit system vulnerabilities, including OS, service and application flaws, improper configurations, and even risky end-user behavior. Such assessments are also useful in validating the effectiveness of defensive mechanisms and adherence to end-user adherence to security policies.
The purpose of penetration testing extends beyond simply uncovering vulnerabilities. It's about understanding how these vulnerabilities, when strung together, can impact a business. For instance, while a single vulnerability might not be a significant issue, in combination with other vulnerabilities, it could potentially provide a path for an attacker to penetrate the defenses and gain access to sensitive information. Penetration testing can thus help a business understand the real-world risks associated with their infrastructure.
Furthermore, penetration testing provides a way to prioritize security investments. By identifying the most impactful vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers, a business can more efficiently allocate its security resources to areas that need them the most.
Finally, it's important to remember that penetration testing is not a one-and-done activity. Because new vulnerabilities are constantly being discovered, and as businesses evolve and change their infrastructure, regular penetration testing should be a key part of any business's security posture. In this way, penetration testing operates as a crucial part of a comprehensive security strategy, helping to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information and compliance failures, and maintaining the overall integrity of the IT environment.


Taste Education Resources
Slow Food’s Education Manifesto
Education according to Slow Food (eng–ita–deu–esp–fra–por–pyc–jpn–cin)
Practical advice for Slow Food convivium leaders and educators (eng–ita–deu–esp–fra)
To the Origins of Taste: A Taste Education Kit
Through games and participation, this course provides the opportunity to train your senses and acquire basic tasting vocabulary.
Methodological suggestions and indications for Slow Food trainers
Some of the stories told by the Slow Food Heroes project reformulated for an audience of kids ranging in age from 8 to 13. The stories, in addition to recounting the virtuous experiences of the protagonists during the Coronavirus pandemic, also explore some important concepts of the Slow Food philosophy, such as the short supply chain, the Alliance of Chefs and much more. Food remains the focus of every story, the starting point for sharing a unique moment in our human history and helping those in need (eng – ita)
At Terra Madre Salone del Gusto 2022 we have prepared the itinerary The circle of the soil. Constructed in 7 stages with illustrations, infographics and educational activities, the path was accompanied by a further interactive level thanks to the support of a webapp, a tool for playing some simple online games useful for reinforcing the key concepts. Now the same contents are available for Italian and English-speaking schools thanks to the webapp and a teaching sheet that explains how to build an educational path starting from the ground.
And for all those who want to try their hand at quizzes and riddles, the same topics are available on the Soil Circle website and tackled with the help of short interactive games to explore the constitution of the soil, the ecosystem services that this common good provides, the biodiversity of the subsoil, the role of the earthworm, the connection between soil and food through the poultry chain, the choice of eggs.


Meaning & Definition of Cascade in English
1. A small waterfall or series of small waterfalls
2. A succession of stages or operations or processes or units
- "Progressing in severity as though a cascade of genetic damage was occurring"
- "Separation of isotopes by a cascade of processes"
3. A sudden downpour (as of tears or sparks etc) likened to a rain shower
- "A little shower of rose petals"
- "A sudden cascade of sparks"
- shower ,
1. Rush down in big quantities, like a cascade
- cascade ,
- cascade down
2. Arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible
Lingvanex products for translation of text, images, voice, documents:
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DOPPLER SONAR SYSTEMS FOR BERTHING AND NAVIGATION
A new digital system developed by Sadelec operates on the principles of the Doppler effect; it can be used to calculate the longitudinal distance covered with respect to the sea bottom during a given period and the angle between the speed vector and the longitudinal axis of the ship. The speed components can be determined at depths up to 150 m; beyond this depth, measurements are obtained by reverberations from stable layers 20 m below the ship. The working frequency is 300 kc/sec/ Two vertically symmetrical emission bands are used to ensure precision. The ultrasonic emissions are not made directly in the water, and the measurements are therefore not affected by temperature or stability. The system is also useful in docking operations.
- Geoffrois, D
- Publication Date: 1972-11
- Pagination: 3 p.
- Ind Petrole
- Volume: 40
- Issue Number: 11
- TRT Terms: Docking; Doppler sonar; Mooring; Navigational aids; Sonic navigation
- Old TRIS Terms: Docking techniques
- Subject Areas: Marine Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management;
- Accession Number: 00056517
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: American Petroleum Institute
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Jul 22 1974 12:00AM


Those of us who have paid attention to the COVID19 pandemic may have heard the term monoclonal antibodies. These fascinating antibodies are created in a lab to trigger the immune system to destroy cells that have a particular specific antigen, or foreign substance or toxin in your blood. A particular antibody that targets the COVID19 virus has been developed to be given to people who develop COVID 19 and has saved many lives.
This week I was astonished to learn of the use of another monoclonal antibody, Daratumuab: to treat my cancer! In 2014, the appearance of a blood clot in each leg prompted my doctor to send me to a cancer specialist. His tests revealed that I have multiple myeloma, a rare and incurable blood cancer. I was treated for about three years and then taken off the medication in hopes that the disease was controlled. It remained controlled until this spring when the “numbers” start rising dramatically. It was decided that I would try a new treatment that has proved very promising.
Cancer is a disease caused by changes, also know as mutations, in DNA that change the way cells work in a variety of different ways. One way to destroy cancer cells is to use antibodies to protect the body against these foreign substances. An antibody is a protein that sticks to a specific type of protein called an antigen. When an antibody finds an antigen, it triggers the immune system to target and destroy it.
Last week I had my first injection of the monoclonal antibody Daratumumab. Daratumumab is a targeted antibody therapy that looks for CD38, a cell surface protein found on myeloma cells. When Daratumumab binds to CD38, it inhibits the grow of CD38 myeloma cells and causes cell death. And the cancer is gone. I will have weekly and then bi-weekly injections of this monoclonal antibody until the end of December. In May, 2022, I will have another blood test to see how successful this treatment has been.


2:30 School District Elections
School District Elections
Elections conducted by the School District are non-partisan elections governed by the general election laws of the State and include the election of Board of Education members, various public policy propositions, and advisory questions. Board of Education members are elected at the consolidated election held on the first Tuesday in April in odd-numbered years. If, however, that date conflicts with the celebration of Passover, the consolidated election is postponed to the first Tuesday following the last day of Passover. The canvass of votes is conducted by the election authority within 21 days after the election.
The Board, by proper resolution, may cause to be placed on the ballot: (a) public policy referendum according to Article 28 of the Election Code, or (b) advisory questions of public policy according to Section 9-1.5 of the School Code.
The Board Secretary serves as the local election official. He or she receives petitions for the submission of a public question to referenda and forwards them to the proper election officer and otherwise provides information to the community concerning District elections.
LEGAL REF.: 10 ILCS 5/1-3, 5/2A, 5/9, 5/10-9, 5/22-17, 5/22-18 and 5/28.
105 ILCS 5/9.
CROSS REF.: 2:40 (Board Member Qualifications), 2:50 Board Member Term of Office), 2:210 (Organizational School Board Meeting)
ADOPTED: November 22, 2004
REVISED: January 28, 2013
June 9, 2014
September 13, 2021


Function FCreate() Foundation
Creates a new file or sets the length of an existing file to zero.
FCreate( <cFilename>, [<nAttribute>] ) --> nFileHandle
|FC_NORMAL||Normal||creates file with read and write access (default value)|
|FC_READONLY||Read-only||creates file with read access|
|FC_HIDDEN||Hidden||creates hidden file|
|FC_SYSTEM||System||creates system file|
|FC_AUTODELETE||creates file that is deleted when closed|
|FA_INHERITABLE||File handle can be used in child processes (RunShell())|
FCreate() returns an integer numeric value. This number is the file handle returned from the operating system for <cFilename>. If an error occurs, the return value is -1 and the error code can be retrieved using FError().
The low level file function FCreate() creates or recreates a file and opens it for write access. When the file <cFilename> already exists, it is reset to zero length, which means all information contained in the file is lost. If <cFilename> cannot be opened for write access, FCreate() returns the value -1. The error which occurred can be determined by the error code returned from the function FError().
The return value of FCreate() is the file handle and must be assigned to a variable so that further file operations can be performed on the file. The file remains open for write access until the file handle is passed to the function FClose(). The file attribute specified with <nAttribute> is set when the file is closed. Therefore with FCreate() a file with exclusive read access (read only) can be created and filled with information. The file receives the "Read only" status only when it is closed.
Low level file functions do not recognize either the path set with PATH or specified with DEFAULT. Therefore, <cFilename> must be a complete file name with drive and path specified. When no drive or path is included in <cFilename>, the file is created in the current directory.
If you see anything in the documentation that is not correct, does not match your experience with the particular feature or requires further clarification, please use this form to report a documentation issue.


WHAT IS PROBATE?
Probate is the legal process for settling an estate after someone has died. It is also known as estate administration.
The main purpose of probate is to provide inheritors of a deceased person's property with clear title to the property.
During probate, the decedent's personal representative (also called the executor if the decedent left a will or the
administrator if the decedent did not have a will) locates the decedent's assets, pays his or her debts, and distributes
the remainder of the estate to the inheritors. If the decedent left a will, the inheritors are the beneficiaries named in
the will. If the decedent died without a will (intestate), the inheritors are the heirs specified by state law.
Probate isn't always required after a death. A deceased person's property can be divided into two categories: assets
that have to be probated (probate assets) and assets that don't (non-probate assets). No probate will be necessary if
the decedent owned only non-probate assets.
Probate assets are (1) property the decedent owned solely in his or her name, (2) property the decedent owned as a
tenant in common with one or more co-owners, and (3) personal property that does not have title documents. Sometimes
whether a personal effect is subject to probate depends on the fair market of the item as determined by state law.
Examples of probate assets include:
• Real estate titled solely in the decedent's name or titled in tenancy in common (not joint tenancy) regardless of
value. Coins, clothing, jewelry, furniture, appliances.
• Motor vehicles titled solely in the decedent's name including cars, boats, and RVs. Proceeds of life insurance on the
decedent's life payable to the decedent's estate. Brokerage or retirement accounts that designate the decedent's
estate as the beneficiary.
• Business interests like a partnership or LLC membership, or shares in a corporation held in the decedent's name
Non-probate assets generally fall into three categories:
• Assets that pass by right of survivorship.
• Assets that pass by beneficiary designation.
• Assets held in trust.