Laser Cavity Detection Woodstock
Laser cavity detection is based on the fact that healthy tooth structure reflects light differently than it does decayed tooth structure. More simply, light easily penetrates healthy teeth. And on the flipside, light has a tougher time passing through dental cavities.
Dentists perform laser cavity detection by beaming laser light onto the chewing area of your teeth. The pen-like instrument that's used to probe the mouth in laser cavity detection is similar to a light wand. As Dr. Ed Hoben scans the chewing area of your teeth with this light wand, the attached readout portion of the laser cavity detection machine checks the density of your tooth structure and calculates the possibility of tooth decay. When increased light wavelengths register, your dentist is notified of a possibly compromised area from the readout, as well as the machine's auditory signaling system.
Early dental cavity detection means that in some cases, dentists can actually prevent the onslaught of cavities. When they find weak areas, fluoride may be prescribed to do battle with the would-be dental cavity, stopping it from ever forming. If a dental cavity is found before it invades the tooth's dentin (softer tissue below surface enamel) a dental sealant is sometimes indicated or, if necessary, a dental filling may be the prescribed course of dental treatment.


By Dr. Bivek Kumar, Urology
A kidney stone occurs when mineral deposits which are small but are very hard, accumulate in your kidneys. There are many causes of kidney stones and they may form in any part of the urinary system ranging from your bladder all the way to your kidneys. Stones form when the minerals in the urine stick together after crystallization. Passing kidney stones is extremely painful; however, they do not cause any permanent damage. Drinking lots of water and taking pain medication is usually enough to pass a kidney stone, however sometimes a surgery may be needed.
Kidney stones usually do not have a single cause as there are several risk factors which increase your chances of having a kidney stone including your medical history, your diet, the amount of water you consume and your weight.
Even though the symptoms of kidney stones do not appear until the mineral deposits enter the ureter or kidney, the symptoms are very noticeable and painful once they do appear. Here are some of the symptoms once the mineral deposits enter the ureter or kidney…
1. Pink, brown or red urine
3. Foul smelling urine
4. Needing to urinate more often
5. Urinating small amounts at a time
1. Drinking Water:
Usually drinking a little water is enough to flush out the mineral deposits.
2. Pain Relievers:
Passing kidney stones is always a painful process. Painkillers such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can help reduce this pain.
Kidney stones are removed by making a small incision in the back and then inserting various instruments and telescopes.
One of the main causes of kidney stones is consuming a diet high in oxalate. Sweet potatoes, chocolate, spinach, peanuts and rhubarb are some of the foods which are rich in the same.


Henry Buckton Laurence: Sketches of Canadian Sports and Pastimes
Henry Buckton Laurence (1842-1886) is a later example of a British military officer who used his drawing skills to record his experience in North America, specifically Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Quebec. Sketches of Canadian Sports and Pastimes was published in London in 1870 by Thomas McLean and contains 19 chromolithographs of winter landscapes depicting settlers enjoying various recreational activities, travel, or hunting scenes with Mi’kmaq guides.
Lieutenant H.B. Laurence, seven officers, and 131 other ranks from the King’s Own Royal Regiment, were detached from their Battalion on arrival in Halifax and sent to Charlottetown in April of 1866. Island authorities had requested soldiers to ease their concerns with the “Tenant League” disturbances. In the end, tenants protesting against a land-tenure system and absentee landlords did not warrant military action and the detachment was recalled to Halifax where they participated in Canada’s inaugural Dominion Day celebrations in 1867.
Laurence’s publication is the only one of its kind by a garrison officer who served in Charlottetown. Though it’s a century later than Captain Samuel Holland’s 1765 map of St. John’s Island (now Prince Edward Island) the land question is a thread connecting these two descriptions of the Island. Extending this thread forward to a contemporary work (also on exhibition), Those Who Share Together, Stay Together, 1997, by the Cree painter, Jane Ash Poitras, we see an exploration of colonialism.
Kevin Rice, Director


I often get asked what ‘nervous breakdown’ means, as if it was a technical term defined by psychology.
In fact, it’s really just an everyday term used to describe when someone can’t carry on because of psychological problems, although it turns out to have quite technological origin, as this brief article from the American Journal of Psychiatry describes.
The Cambridge academic German Berrios (personal communication) informed me that “breakdown” is a 19th century construction, initially used to refer to breakages and fractures in machinery and leading to the need for “breakdown gangs” (i.e., teams of navvies whose job involved addressing the mechanical disruptions to the functioning of railways). Metaphorical uses of the term followed, particularly in reference to failure in personal intentions and plans.
Berrios suggested that it was only in the second half of the 19th century that its metaphorical connotations were extended to the brain—and later to the mind. Its initial association was not to depression, anxiety, or psychosis but to symptoms associated with mental and physical exhaustion and relating to 19th century constructs such as “neurasthenia,” “the vapors,” “spinal irritation,” and “nervous prostration.” Because neurasthenia (in Greek meaning “lack of nerve strength”) imputes a physical basis (in the nerves) rather than psychological weakness, it was an intrinsically less stigmatizing phrase than “mental illness,”
Link to AJP piece on the ‘nervous breakdown’.
One thought on “The origin of the ‘nervous breakdown’”
Will psychotropics be the new means for “nerve strength”?


Milk contains nine essential nutrients and vitamins, including protein, vitamins A, D, and B12, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, riboflavin, niacin, zinc, and magnesium.
Health benefits of milk include good bone health, smooth skin, strong immune system, prevention of illnesses such as hypertension, dental decay, dehydration, respiratory problems, obesity, osteoporosis and many more.
Many animals do provide us with this vital health substance, but cow’s milk is considered the best wholesome supplement for children as well as adults.
Milk provides children with the nutrients they need to grow and stay healthy. Children who drink milk tend to have “superior” overall nutrient intakes compared with children who don’t. Milk is an excellent source of Protein, Calcium, and Vitamin D. Although you can get plenty of protein from other foods, it’s hard to get all the Calcium and Vitamin D you need without drinking milk. Calcium helps to build strong bones and teeth and provides children with the nutrients they need to grow and stay healthy.
Naturally occurring sugar in milk, called lactose, gives it a similar concentration of carbohydrates to some leading sports drinks. Milk also contains electrolytes in the form of sodium and potassium. Additionally, the protein in milk helps to rebuild your muscles.
As most Athletes know it is important to rehydrate during and after exercise. You should take more care if you’re training intensively, for long periods, or in hot weather. Sports drinks or fat-free milk may be a better choice than water if you’re doing long workouts or focusing on performance.
Poor nutrition may contribute to wrinkles and the other external signs of aging that show up on your skin. The 15% Daily Value of vitamin A in milk not only fights acne but is also one of the antioxidant vitamins that is helpful in fighting the effects of aging. A glass of milk also provides high amounts of several B-complex vitamins — all antioxidant nutrients that promote healthy skin. Vegetarian lifestyles may result in some B deficiencies, such as B12. Milk provides a nutritious source of these nutrients for people who avoid meat.
An 8-oz. glass of milk provides you with about 10 percent of recommended daily value of zinc, which improves acne. The serving of milk also provides about 15 percent Daily Value of Vitamin A.


Rates of growth and sexual maturation of microtine rodents vary in response to photoperiod. Previous work with Microtus montanus has shown that the photoperiod present prior to weaning influences how voles will respond to photoperiods seen following weaning. The data presented demonstrate that information about the photoperiod seen by the mother during pregnancy influences the postweaning development of male M. montanus. Adult M. montanus were paired in photoperiods consisting of 8, 14 or 16 h light/day. Their litters were conceived and born in these photoperiods. On the day of birth the litters were recorded and retained in the gestation photoperiod (Groups C8, C14 and C16) or transferred to the 14-h photoperiod (Groups E8 and E16). The growth of males was followed from weaning until 74 days of age, at which time the voles were sacrificed and their reproductive organs weighed. There were no differences in body weight or length between groups at 18 days of age. At 74 days of age the development of the voles could be ranked in the following sequence: C8 less than E16 less than C14 less than E8 less than C16.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||6|
|Journal||Biology of reproduction|
|State||Published - Oct 1984|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Reproductive Medicine
- Cell Biology


"Artificial Twinning" is a term used in domestic adoptions to describe the process of adopting two children at the same time who are less that nine months apart in age and biologically unrelated. Most domestic adoption and social welfare agencies prohibit the practice because it is so stressful to adopting parents and counter productive for the children. The only way to complete the adoption of "artificial twins" successfully is to work without official approval.
George Rogu M.D.
Syphilis at birth in the Internationally adopted child
"My referral's medical info states that the child tested positive for syphilis at birth? What further questions should I ask - can I still consider this referral?"
Alla Gordina, MD, FAAP
"We returned with our daughter in late July and our pediatrician has told us to get all her immunization and shots redone because he doesn't trust the Russian records. I guess it's the safe thing to do, although that means 2 needles for the next month for five months. Has anyone else encountered this?"
Are Latino teens sexual risk takers? It's complicated, researcher says
"When a recent documentary about U.S. Latinos featured two teen mothers in a 90-minute program, the Latino students in my classes thought it was an unbalanced portrayal of their community?and they were right!" said Marcela Raffaelli, a U of I professor of human and community development and co-author of a recently published chapter on Latino teen sexuality.
Who would give up an adopted child?
This wrenching story is the tale of one couple's decision to re-home their adopted Russian daughter.


“Faces reveal emotions, and researchers in fields as disparate as psychology, computer science, and engineering are joining forces under the umbrella of “affective computing” to teach machines to read expressions. If they succeed, your computer may one day “read” your mood and play along. Machines equipped with emotional skills could also be used in teaching, robotics, gaming, sales, security, law enforcement, and psychological diagnosis.”
Lupsa continues to explain research that was done at the University of Amsterdam. They created emotion recognition software and used it to analyze faces from images and photos. Some nice examples were the Mona Lisa, who was found to be 83 percent happy and 9 percent disgusted, Che Guevara was mostly sad in the iconic photo used on so many t-shirts.
Computers are getting close to reading and interpreting emotions
Computers can now analyze a face from video or a still image and infer almost as accurately as humans (or better) the emotion it displays. It generally works like this:
Research done at MIT by pioneer Rosalind Picard was used to help autistic people to get feedback on what emotions other people feel, because they do not have the ability to read those themselves. This had Picard wondering and she says she learned a broader lesson from this research: If you can teach a person when to be sensitive to others, you probably could teach a machine to do so as well.
Even though I was aware that this type of research was already advanced, this article made me realize that it is getting closer fast. At the moment I am involved in developing a tool that measures emotion during website interaction and with this type of software a very large problem we are facing could be resolved. We are looking for a way to get participants to indicate emotions by self-report. A limitation of having participants in research do self-report on their emotions is the interpretation process that they will go through before answering, let alone the difference in time between the experience and the answer (might be seconds, but can have a big impact).
The tool we are developing is an expert tool that can help designers to improve web- and interaction design, but with these developments I see a bright future of websites that might even adapt according to the emotion that you are feeling in that particular moment. “You look frustrated, here let me help you and give you this other option.”
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What’s the oldest data format in the world? It’s not any of the ones that computer engineers developed in the 20th century, or even ones that telegraph engineers created in the 19th. Far older than those — by billions of years — is the DNA nucleotide sequence. We can think of it as a simple base-4 encoding of arbitrary length.
According to the usual, somewhat simplified, description, a DNA molecule is a double helix, with its backbone made of phosphates and sugars, and four types of nucleotides forming the sequence. They are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine, or A, G, T, and C for short. They’re always found in pairs connecting the two strands of the helix. Adenine and thymine connect together, as do guanine and cytosine.
DNA for data encoding
That’s as deep as I care to go, since biochemistry is far away from my areas of expertise. What DNA does is fantastically complicated; change of few bits and you can get a human or a chimpanzee. But as a data model, it’s fantastically simple.
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When ebooks die
Microsoft’s eBook Store is closing. According to the announcement, “starting July 2019 your ebooks will no longer be available to read, but you’ll get a full refund for all book purchases.” This shows a basic truth about DRM book purchases: you don’t actually own your copy. You can use it only as long as the provider supports it. It was honest of Microsoft to refund all “purchases,” but digital oblivion eventually awaits all DRM-protected materials.
Andy Ihnatko once told me that DRM is safe because “Amazon will be around forever.” It won’t. The fact that a company as big and stable as Microsoft is abandoning support for its DRM-protected products reminds us that all such products exist only as long as the provider has sufficient motivation and ability. It’s questionable whether Amazon’s protected ebooks from today will be readable in 2050, let alone “forever.”
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Although we all know we should floss at least once every day, not everybody understands how to do it properly. Learn how to floss your teeth properly with this step-by-step template by our dentists in Orem:
Cut a piece of floss approximately 18 inches long and wrap it around one of your middle fingers. Wind the leftover floss around the opposite hand’s identical finger. As the floss becomes unclean, this finger will pick it up.
Rigidly grip the floss between your thumbs and forefingers.
Using a moderate rubbing motion, slide the floss between your teeth. Never snap it into the gums.
Curl the floss into a C shape against one tooth when it reaches the gum line. Glide it into the gap between the gum and the tooth with care.
Maintain a firm grip on the floss against the teeth. Move the floss away from the gum with up and down motions, gently rubbing the side of the tooth. Carry on with this procedure for the remainder of your teeth. Remember to brush the back of your last tooth as well.
Throw the floss away when you’re done. A piece of floss that has been used will not be as useful and may leave germs in your mouth.
Consult your dentist to determine which dental care products are most helpful for you.


Information from FAO Species Identification Guide Western Central Atlantic
Diagnostic characters: Body and head deep and compressed. Dorsal profile of head usually with a slight concavity above eye. Posterior nostril slit-like. Mouth terminal and small, the maxilla not reaching to below anterior margin of eye; in both jaws, teeth in front in a row of narrow, close-set incisors; behind front row are villiform incisors; 2 rows of molariform teeth on sides of both jaws, the outside row smaller and more round. Dorsal fin with 12 spines preceded by a small forward-directed spine (that is a projection of the fin-spine support bone), and 12 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 11 soft rays; caudal fin forked. Scales in lateral line 49 to 54. Colour: greyish silvery, usually with 5 or 6 faint dark bars on upper sides, and 12 to 15 indistinct stripes; faint blue irregular spots on head, sides, and fins.
Size: Maximum to 46 cm, common to 25 cm; world game record 1.87 kg.
Habitat, biology, and fisheries: In coastal waters mostly over hard bottoms.Feeds on a variety of hard benthic invertebrates including crabs, sea urchins, bivalves, and gastropods. Caught mostly by otter trawl but also by pound nets and haul seines; significant recreational catches.
Distribution: Nova Scotia to Florida, but rare south of North Carolina.
ChesMMAP Scup Catch By Cruise Map
ChesMMAP Scup Catch By Year Map
NEAMAP Scup Catch By Cruise Map
NEAMAP Scup Catch By Year Maps:


by R Constanza
Ecosystems 3: 4-102000
Although ecosystems are necessary for human civilization, there still exist many questions about the extent to which they are valued, on what scales, and limits on substitution. In this article, the author argues that in addition to the traditional economic valuation of ecosystem services, ecological sustainability and social fairness must also be included. The conventional model of the economy emphasizes maximizing both the productivity and availability of the scarcest model component; meaning natural capital rather than anthropogenic substitutes, is exploited. A newer ecological economic system includes ecological services/amenities as directly influencing human well-being. In terms of ecosystem valuation, the author argues that we do not have a choice as society’s actions implicitly reflect those valuations. It follows that these valuations should be made explicit as possible, in order to make more sustainable choices about ecosystem services. Additionally, individual preferences and values combine with those of society to form the basis for society’s goals. Three large-scale goals around managing economic systems within the constraints of Earth’s biological limits are reviewed along with how they relate to ecosystem service valuation. This leads to the identification of three values (efficiency, fairness, sustainability) associated with ecosystem service valuation. The article concludes with a call for one further step, the formation of values through public discussion, which is necessary to effectively integrate the concepts of economic efficiency, social fairness, and sustainability. The next generation of ecosystem scientists will find this challenge to be an important part of their work.


Drawing on the three components of food security, along with a fourth component, stability, woven throughout, APLU’s Challenge of Change Commission defined the seven challenges that public research universities are uniquely qualified to collectively meet.
The first dimension of food and nutrition security, Availability, requires sufficient quantities of food to be accessible on a consistent basis from either domestic production or importation. Many factors can affect availability, including agricultural productivity, soil fertility, population flows, harvesting time, distribution systems, storage, and food wastage. While numerous factors dictate availability, the Commission identified three areas as critical for public universities and their partners to address: Sustainable Production Systems; Plant and Animal Performance; and Distribution, Loss, and Waste in Food Systems. Working groups focused on these areas developed three challenges to be addressed under the availability component:
The second dimension of food and nutrition security, Access, means having sufficient resources and ability to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious and culturally appropriate diet. The FAO estimates that although world food production is currently sufficient to meet the caloric requirements of today’s world population, one in nine people are still chronically malnourished. Like the availability component, challenges around access to food and nutrition security have many contributing factors, including gender, socioeconomic status, and location. To address these and other factors, the Commission identified two areas as critical for public universities and their partners to address: the creation of an enabling environment for access and inclusion and equity. Working groups focused on these two areas developed two challenges to be addressed under the access component:
The third dimension of food and nutrition security, Utilization, refers to the appropriate use of food, which is based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation to prevent foodborne disease. The FAO identifies food utilization as: “Sufficient energy and nutrient intake by individuals is the result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of the diet, and intra-household distribution of food.”102 To address these and other factors, the Commission identified two areas as critical for public universities and their partners to address: nutrition, human development, and health; and food safety, sanitation, and public health. Working groups focused on these areas developed two challenges to be addressed under the utilization component:
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News flash: Sitting on the couch, eating and watching TV will tend to make you obese.
That may sound a tad obvious. But the authors of a Boston Children’s Hospital study said they’ve gone deeper on the issue, and are trying to find out what kind of screen time is worse.
“It may seem obvious that if you’re sitting at home, watching a lot of TV, you’re not getting a lot of exercise, but it’s much more complicated than that,” said Boston Children’s Hospital scientists David Bickham.
The researchers reached their conclusions with the help of 91 teens, ages 13, 14 and 15. Researchers measured the teens’ height, weight and body mass index, then tracked their use of television, computers, video games and mobile screens for two weeks. The more and more intently children watched TV, researchers found the higher BMI the children were likely to have.
There was no link between video game and computer use and higher BMI levels, researchers said.
“All screen time is not the same,” said Dr. Michael Rich of Children’s Hospital’s Center for Media and Child Health.
“With video games and the computer, your hands are busy, there’s less advertising … TV sets up an environment where food consumption is easy.
“Television is financially supported by advertising, and that advertising is almost never for broccoli,” Rich said.
“Most of the ads are for what’s called high-calorie, nutritionally questionable foods.”
Bickham added, “If you’re engaged with the TV, you’re not paying attention to the food you’re eating, or the cues that your body is giving.”
Researchers hope parents can use this data to help kids.
“Instead of saying, ‘Pitch your television out the window,’ we’re saying, ‘Use media mindfully, and understand the risks,’ ” Rich said.


What does a CNC programmer do?
A CNC programmer operates computer-controlled machines or robots to perform one or more machine functions on metal or plastic work pieces.
What do I need to get a CNC programmer job?
These career fields are highly in demand. There are currently two ways to obtain CNC programmer training – through apprenticeships and through Cecil County Public Schools.
You can enter an apprenticeship program with a high school diploma and in 3-4 years graduate as a fully qualified professional. Your salary will increase from entry level to mid-level as you move forward in your training. To find manufacturing apprenticeship opportunities in your area visit the Maryland Apprenticeship Locator.
Beginning in Fall 2021, CCPS is offering a program for MANUAL MACHINING/CNC PROGRAMMING & OPERATIONS at its School of Technology. This program prepares students for a beginning career in manufacturing and machine technologies. Students will be able to earn National Institute of Metalworking Skills (NIMS) Machining Level I Credentials in Manual Milling; Measurement, Materials, & Safety; Job Planning, Benchwork, & Layout; and CNC Milling: Programming Set-up.
Careers in these fields can provide opportunities for career advancement through management and quality control positions.


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March 7, 2015 - Today's adventure brought us to Studio City to visit the Campo de Cahuenga. The Treaty of Cahuenga, also called the "Capitulation of Cahuenga," ended the fighting of the Mexican-American War in Alta California. On January 13, 1847 the treaty signed by Mexican General Andrés Pico and American Lieutenant Colonel John C. Fremont marked the birth of American California as we now know it.
This adobe replica of the original building was built in 1950. Fremont and Pico signed the treaty on the porch of the original building.
Donna Bernarda Ruiz, a Californio widow living in Santa Barbara, initiated the treaty negotiations.
The adobe museum contains many original artifacts as well as some paintings of the individuals who played a role in the treaty and the adobe's reconstruction. Replicas of the treaty, in Spanish and English, lie on the table. The original treaty is in the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley.
This Google Earth image shows the replica adobe that houses the museum under the red marker. The original adobe's foundation can be seen to the right of the replica building and the portion of the foundation that lies beneath Lankershim Boulevard is marked in the pavement by visible paving stones.
This small, but very historically significant site, literally lies in the shadow of Universal City.
Before the tour, we had lunch at the Granville Cafe in Studio City with some of the Bates clan. For the complete story and a fascinating account of the Treaty of Cahuenga, Californio Donna Bernarda Ruiz de Rodriguez, Mexican General Andrés Pico, and American Lieutenant Colonel John C. Fremont, follow this link for Hadley Meares' KCET article.
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This project aims to improve the well-being and education opportunities for children with special needs through training in computing and adaptive technology at Kisoro Demonstration School, Hornby High School, St Francis Primary and Secondary Schools.
Special needs children are among the most marginalised groups in Uganda and are often not given the chance to attend school to develop cognitively or physically. This 42-month project in two schools in southwest Uganda focuses on training teachers and special needs students in adaptive computer technology, primarily to learn maths and English. At Kisoro, the project aims to further develop study opportunities and fund new study resources for visually impaired children as well as opening up computer training/adaptive technologies to deaf and other special needs children and building staff capacity in computing skills. The school aims to better integrate special needs pupils into classes with sighted children and to enhance and develop bespoke learning materials, including audio books. The project will also be rolled at Hornby High School, one of only two secondary schools for the blind in Uganda. Adaptive technology will be introduced to the school’s 18 blind/visually impaired students for the first time; together with books for the blind; training for staff in speech-enabled technologies/learning materials and dedicated braille education for two teachers over two years. This project will also be rolled out in St Francis Primary and Secondary School for the blind in Soroti. This project is run in partnership with Dr Cristian Bernareggi, professor of computer science at Milan University.
Location: Kisoro and Kabale districts in southwestern Uganda, Soroti in northwestern Uganda
Local Partners: Kisoro Demonstration School, Hornby High School and St Francis Primary and Secondary
Beneficiaries: Visually and hearing impaired children at both schools; 320 other students trained in computing, two teachers obtaining a university degree training in special needs education and 14 other teachers trained in basic computer skills.


Geography: The Land of Fire is situated on the southern border of South America. It includes more than 40,000 islands. Its western part administratively belongs to Chile (the area of Magallanes-i-la-Antarctica-Chilena). The eastern part belongs to Argentina. The river flows through the territory of Chile and Argentina. On the island of Land of Fire the largest river of the island, Rio Grande, is situated. Near the mouth of the river the largest city of the island, Rio Grande, is situated.
Water type: Cool climate, cold and clear water.
River source: On the Chilean part of the island in the area of Magallanes the sources of the river are. Further, the river flows along the Argentine part of the island and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The main left tributaries of the river are Hapon, Erminita, Moneta, Rasfen.The main right tributaries of the river are Riveros, Korcane, Donosa, Turba, Candelaria, Bellavista, McLennan, Rio Blanco;
Fish species: Trout, salmon, bull-trout (brown trout), river trout, rainbow trout (mikizh, American palia, chinook, coho), steelhead salmon.
Time for fishing: The best season for fishing are February or March months. This is the river No.1 for catching the largest trout in the world. This territory can be considered one of the best places for catching salmon and trout.


New guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force call for virtually every adult to be routinely screened for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
The updated recommendations, which are published in the April 30 issue of the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, suggest that pregnant women and all people aged 15 to 65 be screened for HIV. The guidelines are now more in line with screening recommendations from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Pediatrics.
“HIV is a critical public health problem. There are 50,000 new infections in the U.S. each year, and we need to find ways to prevent and treat it,” said guideline author Dr. Douglas Owens, a professor of medicine at Stanford University and a senior investigator at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, in California.
The guidelines, last updated in 2005, reflect new evidence about the effectiveness of treatment, especially when started early in the course of HIV infection.
“The best way to reduce HIV-related death and disability is to avoid getting infected,” Owens said. “Should someone become infected, we want them to understand that there are very good treatments that will help them live longer and reduce transmission.”
Experts agreed that such blanket screening is the best — and possibly only — way to stop the HIV epidemic in its tracks.
Knowing one’s HIV status is “a first step for both prevention and needed medical services, yet the history of the epidemic has set up barriers such that, in some states, it is still not straightforward to access an HIV test without the need for written consent or a fee,” said Dr. Sten Vermund, director of the Institute for Global Health at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville. “Free, regular screening for HIV, much as we try to have regular blood pressure or breast cancer screening, is one of the best ways to start reducing the HIV epidemic in the U.S.”
Read the full article on WebMD.


Complications from pregnancy and child birth have led to high death rates among people who have given birth in the United States, and a new study using long-range, racially inclusive data shows that these complications can have deadly implications as long as 50 years later. Compared to those who had typical pregnancies and childbirths, patients with conditions like high blood pressure in pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and preterm delivery were all tied to a greater risk of death in the decades following their deliveries, according to a new Circulation study led by a researcher at the Perelman School of Medicine.
“We know that the context of childbirth has changed since the 1950s and ’60s, but these findings demonstrate how crucial it is to people’s long-term health that we invest in preventive care and screenings for people with complicated pregnancies and deliveries, both then and today,” says the study’s lead author, Stefanie Hinkle, an assistant professor of epidemiology at Penn Medicine.
In the United States, more than 800 people die every year giving birth. The latest number show that, out of every 100,000 births, more than 23 result in the death of the person delivering. France’s maternal death rate is the next highest among peer countries, and the United States’ death rate is still three times as high. These figures account for deaths in childbirth and during the immediate postpartum period, but the long-term effects of complicated childbirths—which can lead to serious, lifelong health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and more—have often been overlooked.
Hinkle and her co-authors drew on data collected from more than 46,000 people who gave birth at a dozen United States health centers between 1959 and 1966. The patients were tracked for deaths of any kind until 2016, at which time 39%, roughly 18,000, had died.
In their analysis, the researchers found that a pre-term childbirth (a delivery three weeks or more before the due date) due to spontaneous labor was tied to a 7% increase in risk of death compared to those who delivered a baby full-term. The risk climbed to 23% for those whose water broke before term, 31% for preterm induced labor, and actually doubled for patients who had a pre-term caesarean delivery, all compared to those who hadn’t had these types of deliveries.
This story is by Frank Otto. Read more at Penn Medicine News.


Common antibiotic azithromycin has been found not to have any effect on treating COVID-19, according to a new study published in the medical journal, The Lancet.
The study showed that the drug had no effect on patients admitted to hospitals. It could not reduce deaths or duration of hospital stays. The drug was also found not to be able to reduce the ventilation rate of patients in the hospital, 28 days after receiving the drug.
A total of 7,763 patients aged between 18 and 80 took part in the study. Participants in the study either received standard care alone or got standard care in addition to 500mg of Azithromycin for 10 days. The trial took part in 176 hospitals in the UK as part of the Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) platform.
This is the fourth drug that has been found to have no effect on COVID-19 under the RECOVERY trial. It joins other drugs such as malaria hydroxychloroquine, Ebola drug Remdesvir and antiretroviral drug combination lopinavir-ritonavir. So far, only dexamethasone and rheumatoid arthritis drugs tocilizumab and sarilumab have shown to have any kind of effect on the virus.
The drug was chosen as a possible COVID-19 treatment due to its ability to regulate or normalise the immune system; which would enable the body’s immune system fight virus.
In Uganda, the drug has been commonly used by both hospitalised patients and asymptomatic ones receiving care at home. A complete dose of six tablets costs on average Shs 30,000.


Psychology Curriculum Intent
Psychology is taught at KS4 and we cover the Edexcel GCSE course. Studying psychology at Moat enables students to have a well-rounded understanding of human behaviour. Students develop their independent learning skills and are also trained to question ideas and not just accept them.
Across the course, students engage with the five main psychology disciplines: cognitive psychology, social psychology, behavioural psychology; abnormal psychology; developmental psychology. We follow the Edexcel GCSE course and students cover five mandatory topics in year 9 and year 10 and two optional topics in year 11. Research methods are embedded across the course. By the end of year 11, students will have a broad and deep understanding of the reasons behind human behaviour.
Progress and achievement are supported from the start of the course through a variety of strategies. All students have knowledge organisers and have online access to the course textbook and to resources used during lessons. This enables them to independently review their learning at regular intervals.
We follow the Edexcel GCSE course and students are given the opportunity to practise exam skills for this board from the start of year 9 through activities in class, regular homework and end of module tests. All of these tasks are designed to replicate the style of questions used in the GCSE. Students complete two mock exams in Year 11 to prepare them for the final exam. The course tailors well into the A Level course and so is a very good foundation for students who want to continue with this subject at college.


Strategy to Prevent Cyber Crimes
‘Police’ and ‘Public Order are State subjects as per the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. States/UTs are primarily responsible to maintain law and order, inter-alia including a strategy to prevent cyber crimes, planning and setting up of task force, and capacity building/training of Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) for prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of cyber crimes. The Central Government supplements the initiatives of the State Governments through various advisories and schemes for the capacity building of their LEAs.
To strengthen the mechanism to deal with cyber crimes in a comprehensive and coordinated manner, the Central Government has taken steps for spreading awareness about cyber crimes; issuance of alerts/ advisories; capacity building/training of law enforcement personnel/ prosecutors/judicial officers; improving cyber forensic facilities; etc. MHA has established the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) to provide a framework and eco-system for LEAs to deal with the cyber crimes in a comprehensive and coordinated manner.
The Government has launched the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (www.cybercrime.gov.in), to enable the public to report incidents pertaining to all types of cybercrimes, with a special focus on cyber crimes against women and children. Cyber crime incidents reported on this portal are routed automatically to the respective State/UT law enforcement agency for further handling as per the provisions of the law. A toll-free helpline number has been operationalized to get assistance in lodging online cyber complaints.
This was stated by the Minister of State for Home Affairs, Shri Ajay Kumar Mishra in a written reply to a question in the Rajya Sabha today.
Disclaimer : This is an official press release by PIB.


FROM THE IONA BLOG
The OECD’s latest ‘Better Life Index’ shows that Irish women have a better overall quality of life than men when a range of different factors is taken into account.
This tends to overturn the conventional wisdom that men overall have a better quality of life in Ireland than women.
The factors listed in the report include: life satisfaction; employment; health; education; social support; and work/life balance.
The report shows that men are more likely than women to be in paid employment (64 percent vs 58 percent respectively).
However, clearly this is not the only or even the main measure of well-being and quality of life.
What the report also finds is that women report slightly higher levels of life satisfaction than men, live longer, are better educated, less likely to be victims of violent crime, and are slightly more likely than men to report they have the right kind of social support in their lives.
A focus on the number of men and women in paid employment does not accurately capture the real differences between men and women.
A focus on paid employment and average pay levels assumes that as many women as men want to work full-time and ignores the fact that many women choose a different work/life balance than men. Read more on the Iona blog


by Naomi McLeod
This book offers students rich local cultural examples of early childhood education from around the world. Informed by first-hand research and practice, this book provides authentic snapshots of early childhood education from a range of countries from both the Global North and South, including Afghanistan, Australia, Ghana, Nigeria, Brazil, Eswatini, Mongolia. Nepal, Sami children of Finland, and Syrian refugee children, enabling readers to better understand the wider determinants that influence the multiplicity and diversity of children's daily experiences of early childhood education. This book provokes and challenges the reader to deconstruct personal views and assumptions and embrace openness and respect for new understandings of other rich early educational heritages and practices. Part 1 provides insights into the different historical, colonial, political and socio-cultural heritage from a range of Majority world countries, showing how they impact on ECE. Part 2 offers pedagogical case studies from a selection of the countries in Part 1 that offer insights into children's daily experiences of early childhood education. The case studies are informed by working respectfully with people from each country. With expert contributors drawn from across the world, this book is essential reading for those interested in global perspectives on children's early learning. Dr Naomi McLeod is a Senior Lecturer in Early Childhood Education and deputy lead for the CERES Research Informed Pedagogies Group at Liverpool John Moores University, UK Dr Emem E.Okon works developing professional development programmes for educational practitioners in Nigeria. Diane Garrson is a dual heritage Scouse Jamaican, anti racist, educator, leader and community mentor. Dr Diane Boyd is a Senior Lecturer inEarly Childhood Educationat Liverpool John Moores University, UK and is an active member of the Department of Education post COP 26 working group. Dr Angela Daly is a Reader in Education and Global Learning at Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
Temporarily out of stock.
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Date of Publication: 12/11/2022


Europe’s gas consumption has significantly shrunk from August to January, due to unusually warm weather which decreased the use of household heating.
This is in addition to soaring prices curtailing industrial output and European governments’ emergency measures to contain the energy crisis, Reuters reported.
According to data published by the EU statistics office Eurostat, the EU’s gas use has decreased by 19.3% from August to January compared to the same period’s data five years ago.
Russia, previously Europe’s top supplier, cut off most deliveries to EU countries in the months following its February invasion of Ukraine – triggering an energy crisis in Europe of scarce supplies and record-high prices.
Lower gas use has worked in favor of EU countries in many ways, as their storage caverns are unusually full which increased the confidence that they will not face shortages, it helped EU nations to overachieve their target to voluntarily cut gas demand by 15% from August to March.
It was too early to give strong reasons behind what had curbed demand in specific sectors, but mild winter temperatures and industry-reduced output as a result of high prices were ongoing reasons.
“Weather has definitely played a very big role,” said Jacob Mandel, senior associate at Aurora Energy Research.
EU gas demand dropped by more than 22% in October, November and January, Eurostat said. December, which began with a cold snap that likely boosted household heating use, recorded a smaller decrease of nearly 13%.


For only the second time in history, scientists have detected an incoming asteroid, watched it burn up in the atmosphere, and then collected a piece of it from the ground.
This asteroid called 2018 LA collided with Earth on June 2, exploding over the skies of Botswana and seen by people on the ground. But it wasn’t until Saturday June 23 that an international team of scientists tracked down part of the meteorite, in Botswana´s Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR).
"The challenge was to search for a meteorite in 200 square kilometers [77 square miles] of uncharted wild in a park teeming with elephants, lions and snakes,” Professor Alexander Proyer from the University of Botswana, who led the expedition, said in a statement.
The asteroid had been spotted just eight hours before it hit Earth, by the University of Arizona’s Catalina Sky Survey. It exploded just seconds after entering the atmosphere, appearing as a bright fireball in the sky.
But the fragments from the explosion were scattered by the wind, making the collection of debris from the impact difficult. After five days of searching, the team found the first meteorite, which they can now study to see what the asteroid was made of. And they’re still looking for more fragments, too.
It’s thought the asteroid was about 2 meters (6.5 feet) across, which made it especially hard to detect. Meteors of this size can only be seen about a day before they hit, but it’s estimated that about six of this size hit our atmosphere every year. To spot them, telescopes need to be looking in the right place at the right time, as they move so fast.
For that reason this is only the third incoming meteor we’ve spotted before it hit Earth. And, as mentioned earlier, it’s only the second from which we’ve also found pieces on the ground. The first, called 2008 TC3, came back in 2008, with researchers finding hundreds of pieces scattered over northern Sudan.
Discovering an asteroid, predicting its impact, and recovering pieces of it has been called a “perfect asteroid trifecta”. By studying it, we can tell where it came from and what other asteroids from that origin might be made of. This may be important for planetary defense in the future if we ever spot a sizeable asteroid heading our way.


Do You Know These Facts About Breast Cancer?
FACT: 1-in-8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime.†
FACT: The chance of getting breast cancer increases with age and every woman is at risk.††
FACT: In 2006 alone, more than 211,000 women in the United States will learn that they have breast cancer.†
FACT: This year, over 1,600 men will be diagnosed with it too. †
Fortunately – thanks to early detection, education, and better treatments – breast cancer deaths are on the decline. The good news is, much is being done to find a cure!
Since 1992, The Breast Cancer Research Foundation(BCRF) has been dedicated to provide the funding needed to wipe out this killer. They’ve raised over $125 million in the hopes of finding a cure.
FACT: 30 years ago a woman diagnosed with breast cancer would likely have heard her doctor say, “I’m sorry… you need a mastectomy.” Modern-day advances mean that surgery may not always be necessary.†††
FACT: In October 2005, the Foundation awarded over $22 million in new grants to more than 110 researchers across the United States and in Canada, Europe, Latin America, and Israel. World-wide research has resulted in some remarkable breakthroughs. For example, cancer drugs now target breast tumors directly and with fewer complications. Plus, a recent study funded by the BCRF found that adopting a low-fat diet leads to a higher overall survivor rate for breast cancer patients.
Want to know more? Check out BCRF’s website: bcrfcure.org. You’ll learn how your genetics plays a role in the disease… how to interpret a mammogram… and how to talk to your doctor about early-stage breast cancer.
Take heart: survival rates have improved greatly! In fact, for every year that a woman survives cancer, her risk of a recurrence drops.** What’s more, researchers found that breast cancer patients who engaged in physical activity for at least one hour a week had an overall higher survival rate. That’s good news, indeed.
† National Breast Cancer Foundation
†† National Cancer Institute
††† American Cancer Society
** California Breast Cancer Research Program


The COVID-19 pandemic has evoked many emotions among people worldwide—none more prevalent than fear. These fears, according to University of Michigan psychology professor Joshua Ackerman, can be managed by finding activities that improve well-being and decision-making.
Ackerman’s research focuses on how people respond to and cope with ecological threats, including those related to mortality, infectious disease, resources, and social rejection.
COVID-19 has prompted many people worldwide to become fearful, anxious and depressed. When is fear justified?
Situations such as this one with COVID-19 are a perfect storm for generating fear. They involve a high degree of uncertainty about who is sick and how to prevent infection, an invisible threat, and alarming news reports that can overwhelm consideration of important statistics and recommendations. Couple uncertainty with fear of social interaction and requirements to restrict consumer activities, and you end up with panic-buying of items such as toilet paper, meats, bread and others. Of course, the fear around COVID-19 is actually justified for many people. Those with conditions that limit immune functioning worry about becoming sick. We all worry about the impact that the outbreak is having, and will continue to have, on our way of life. These fears have a basis in reality.
Read the full article at Michigan News.


Question: "What are the Beatitudes?"
Answer: The Beatitudes are the eight declarations of blessedness spoken by Jesus at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:3-12), each beginning with "Blessed are..." It is debated as to exactly how many beatitudes there are. Some speak of seven, nine, or ten beatitudes, but the number appears to be eight (verses 10-12 of Matthew 5 being one beatitude).
The Greek word translated “blessed” means “happy, blissful” or, literally, “to be enlarged.” In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus uses the word to refer to more than a superficial happiness; in this context, blessed refers to a state of spiritual well-being and prosperity. The happiness is a deep joy of the soul. Those who experience the first aspect of a beatitude (poor, mourn, meek, hungry for righteousness, merciful, pure, peacemakers, and persecuted) will also experience the second aspect of the beatitude (kingdom of heaven, comfort, inherit the earth, filled, mercy, see God, called sons of God, inherit the kingdom of heaven). The blessed have a share in salvation and have entered the kingdom of God, experiencing a foretaste of heaven. Another possible rendering of the beginning of each beatitude is “O the bliss [or blessedness] of . . . .”
The Beatitudes describe the ideal disciple and his rewards, both present and future. The person whom Jesus describes in this passage has a different quality of character and lifestyle than those still "outside the kingdom." As a literary form, the beatitude is also found often in the Old Testament, especially in the Psalms (1:1; 34:8; 65:4; 128:1) and in the New Testament as well (John 20:29; 14:22; James 1:12; Revelation 14:13).


Various infectious diseases, including COVID-19, MERS, and tuberculosis, are global public health issues. Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is highly contagious and can be transmitted through inhalation of the bacteria. However, it has been assumed that the infectiousness of bacteria and viruses in dead bodies weakens as the time from death increases. In particular, there is little awareness of infection control measures concerning decomposed bodies or even the need for such measures. The deceased, in whom we discovered MTB 3 months following her death, was a woman in her 80s who died at home. We performed judicial autopsy, because police suspected homicide when her husband hanged himself. Obtained organs were used for microscopic examination by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. In addition, real-time PCR and mycobacterial culture testing using Ogawa's medium were performed for the detection of MTB. We found that the MTB in the decomposed body remained viable and potentially infectious. To identify the bacterial strain further, we performed DNA-DNA hybridization and identified the strain as MTB complex. Potentially infectious live MTB survived in the dead body far longer than had been previously reported. Pathologists should consider microbial culture tests for all autopsied cases in which the decedent's medical history or macro-examination suggests possible infection, even when a long duration of time has passed since death. Pathologists and specialists who perform autopsies should recognize that all dead bodies are potentially infectious, including those in which long periods have elapsed since death.
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; autopsy; biosafety; decomposition; forensic pathology; tuberculosis.
© 2020 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.


A typhoon, smoke from wildfires and increasing rain are not what most imagine when thinking of the Arctic. Yet these are some of the climate-driven events included in NOAA’s 2022 Arctic Report Card, which provides a detailed picture of how warming is reshaping the once reliably frozen, snow-covered region which is heating up faster than any other part of the world.
This year’s Arctic Report Card also features the most comprehensive chapter in the annual report’s 17-year history about how these dramatic environmental changes are felt by Arctic Indigenous people, and how their communities are addressing the changes. Additionally, a chapter on precipitation has been added reflecting an improvement in available data and showing the dramatic increase in precipitation across the Arctic in recent decades.
Surface Air Temperature
PMEL Arctic researcher's Dr. James Overland and Dr. Muyin Wang contributed to sections on surface air temperature. Arctic annual air temperatures from October 2021... more
In the News
There is danger lurking on the floor of the Bering and Chukchi seas for mussels, snails, clams, worms and other cold... more
The Arctic Ocean has been warming since the onset of the 20th century, decades earlier than instrument observations... more
The highest temperature ever verifiably recorded on Earth—54.4 degrees Celsius (130 degrees Fahrenheit) in Death... more
International State of the Climate in 2021 Released: record-high greenhouse gases, ocean heat content, and global sea level
Greenhouse gas concentrations, global sea levels and ocean heat content reached record highs in 2021, according to the 32nd annual State of the Climate report, despite a double-dip La Niña event taking place in the Pacific Ocean.... more


The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, also known as the “Exchange Act,” was one of the first federal laws specifically designed to regulate stock exchanges and publicly-traded companies.
The Exchange Act is perhaps best known for creating the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the primary government agency responsible for enforcing federal securities laws.
Rules & Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
The Securities Exchange Act addresses many issues related to regulation of the securities industry, including:
- Periodic Public DisclosuresThe Act requires that publicly-traded companies make periodic public corporate disclosures through filings with the SEC.
- Regulation of TradingThe Act regulates securities exchanges, brokers, dealers, company
management and insiders, and others involved in the securities trade.
- Securities Fraud ProhibitionThe Act grants the SEC broad authority to make rules and discipline
companies and individuals for violations of federal securities laws
fraud, including insider trading, securities fraud, and market manipulation.
Report a Violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Speak with one of our securities attorneys by calling 1-800-254-9493 or by filling out the form to the right.
Gibbs Law Group encourages persons who know about possible securities violation to contact the firm. Under the SEC whistleblower laws promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, whistleblowers may be receive a reward of up to 30 percent of the recovery for information leading to a successful enforcement action by the SEC and are protected from employer retaliation. If you believe that you have information about a securities violation, please contact us by filling out the form at the right.


A new study's results actually made me ask - this was a surprise? Of course more fit people have lower levels of chronic inflammation and smaller waist size, no matter their Body Mass Index (BMI) - which includes their weight. And the reverse is also true (lower fitness levels are associated with greater waist size and higher levels of chronic inflammation, no matter the BMI). Which means that being fit, no matter the weight, has health benefits. From Medical Xpress:
Low fitness is associated with larger waist size and higher degree of inflammation
Low fitness is associated with a larger waist size and a higher degree of inflammation, according to a study published January 17, 2018 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and colleagues.
Waist circumference can indicate the amount of excess fat found around the abdomen and previous studies have shown excess abdominal fat may increase the risk of chronic system inflammation and metabolic diseases. The authors of the present study sought to investigate the association between fitness and waist circumference as well as the association between fitness and low-grade inflammation, and whether there was a correlation with Body Mass Index (BMI).
The researchers analyzed the previously collected data of 10,976 individuals from The Danish National Health Examination Survey 2007-2008. These individuals took a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test to assess their physical fitness. Their waist circumference, weight and height were measured, and blood samples were taken to measure their level of C-reactive protein, a nonspecific biomarker of low-grade inflammation.
The researchers found that higher levels of fitness were associated with a smaller waist circumference and a lower degree of inflammation independently of BMI. The researchers acknowledge that there are possible limitations that may affect the findings of the study, but overall the results suggest that increased fitness has the potential to reduce abdominal fat mass and inflammation which may improve metabolic health irrespective of BMI.


Athletic performance is determined by a range of factors, including genetics, training, and nutrition. Recently, researchers have started to investigate the role of the gut microbiome in athletic performance. The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tract. These microorganisms play a critical role in digestion, immune function, and nutrient absorption, all of which are essential for athletic performance.
One way that the gut microbiome can influence athletic performance is through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are produced by the bacteria in the gut microbiome when they ferment fiber from the diet. These SCFAs have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and can help regulate immune function. This can be beneficial for athletes as it can help reduce inflammation and support recovery after intense training.
Additionally, the gut microbiome is involved in the production of amino acids, which are essential for building and repairing muscle tissue. Certain bacteria in the gut microbiome produce amino acids like glutamine and arginine, which are important for muscle growth and repair. A healthy gut microbiome can help ensure that athletes are getting the amino acids they need to support their training and performance.
Furthermore, the gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. The bacteria in the gut microbiome can break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars that the body can use for energy. This can be particularly important for endurance athletes who need a steady supply of energy during long training sessions or competitions.
Finally, the gut microbiome can influence the absorption of nutrients like vitamins and minerals, which are essential for overall health and athletic performance. A healthy gut microbiome can help ensure that athletes are absorbing the nutrients they need to support their training and performance.
In conclusion, the gut microbiome plays a critical role in athletic performance. By maintaining a healthy gut microbiome through a balanced diet rich in fiber and probiotics, athletes can help ensure that they are getting the nutrients they need to support their training and performance. Additionally, strategies like stress reduction techniques and regular exercise can help support a healthy gut microbiome and optimize athletic performance.


Everyday Science For Class 5
No. of Pages:
About the Book
Everyday Science is a series of eight books for 1 to Class V, written in strict conformity with the National Curriculum Framework 2005 prepared by NCERT, covering the new syllabus (CCE) for schools affiliated to CBSE and CISCE. The books are also suitable for schools affiliated to State Boards of Education following the National Curriculum Framework
The series combines the features of a textbook as well as a workbook. The approach adopted in the text makes a shift from content-based learning to process-based and outcome based learning. This will make the learning more purposeful and comprehensible for the child. The content and style of the text aim at sustaining the child’s interest in the subject and make different concepts easy to understand.
- Interactive approach adopted to arouse interest in the students and enhance their level of curiosity.
- Profusely illustrated in colour.
- Do You Know: Interesting additional information related to the topic.
- Let Us Recall: The main points given at the end of each chapter for quick recapitulation and reference.
- In-text questions have been included to help children in relating the newly-learnt knowledge to their own environment.
- Summative and Formative assessments given at the end of the chapter to nurture the creativity and scientific temper in children.
Country of origin India


Ruby Queen Plum Tree Overview
The Ruby Queen Plum tree is a Japanese plum variety which produces delicious reddish-black plums with good disease resistance. Moreover these plums will ripen in the late season, about three to four weeks after the Santa Rosa plum. Not only is the fruit large with a firm texture, but it also has a juicy and sweet flavor. In fact, USDA introduced this plum.
Just like any other plum tree, the Ruby Queen plum tree grows best in full sun with well-drained, loamy soil. While it can grow well in hardiness zones 5-8, it is well suited to humid environments such as the Northeast and Southeast United States. If you would like more information on how to plant and grow this tree, see our guide.
- Uses: Eating fresh
- Taste: Outstanding flavor, firm, sweet, juicy
- Size: Large, 2″ around
- Color: Reddish-black skin with a firm red flesh
- Type: Japanese
- Hardiness Zones: 5-8
- Harvest period: Ripens three to four weeks after Santa Rosa, late season
- Pollination: It blooms with Methley. In order for it to cross-pollinate, we recommend growing this variety with Santa Rosa Japanese plum tree or with another japanese plum variety.
- Cultivation: This plum tree grows best in full sun with loamy well drained soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0. It is very productive and has good disease resistance. Moreover, it is best for growing organically in areas with high humidity.
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Emotional intelligence (EI) is a vital skill that helps us to navigate through our daily lives. It involves understanding our own emotions and those of others and using that understanding to build better relationships and make more informed decisions. Fortunately, EI is not something that we are born with, but rather a skill that can be developed and improved over time. In this blog, we will explore some practical ways to improve your emotional intelligence.
Self-awareness is the foundation of emotional intelligence. It involves being conscious of your own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. To become more self-aware, take time to reflect on your emotions, ask yourself why you feel the way you do, and identify patterns in your behavior.
It is the ability to understand & share the feelings of others. It involves putting yourself in someone else's shoes and imagining how they might be feeling. To develop empathy, practice active listening, ask questions, and show genuine interest in others.
Manage your emotions
Managing your emotions is a key component of emotional intelligence. It involves recognizing your emotions, regulating your responses, and avoiding impulsive behavior. To manage your emotions, practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation, and try to find healthy outlets for stress, such as exercise or creative hobbies.
Build better relationships
Emotional intelligence is closely linked to our ability to build positive relationships with others. To improve your relationships, practice effective communication, actively listen to others, and show empathy and understanding.
Mindfulness involves being present in the moment and aware of your thoughts and feelings without judgment. It can help you to become more self-aware, manage your emotions, and develop empathy. To practice mindfulness, try meditation, yoga, or other mindfulness exercises.
Learn from feedback
Feedback is a valuable tool for improving emotional intelligence. It can help you to identify blind spots and areas for improvement. To learn from feedback, be open-minded, ask for constructive criticism, and be willing to make changes.
In conclusion, emotional intelligence is a critical skill that can be developed and improved over time. By practicing self-awareness, empathy, emotional regulation, building better relationships, practicing mindfulness, and learning from feedback, you can enhance your emotional intelligence and achieve greater success in your personal and professional life.
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April 21, 2020 – Read time with video: 5min.
Written and submitted by Joyce C Wood, chhc
Prefer to listen? Play this post as a podcast.
Thank you for being here and visiting this week’s post. We are residents of planet earth; This is our day to celebrate!
What is Earth Day About?
There will be online webinars with Earthcharter.org to share information on how we can take the best action for ourselves and for the planet, presented by global thinkers in multiple languages. Here are a couple of the speakers:
- Sam Crowell, Ph.D., professor emeritus of education @California state university, San Bernardino and former director at the Center for Research in Integrative learning and teaching.
- Fritjof Capra, Ph.D., physicist and systems theorist, is a founding director of the Center for Ecoliteracy in Berkeley, California.
Some thoughts and discussions around the linkages between healthy people, healthy planet, climate change, the current pandemic, and more. For specific details and times, click here.
Another celebration will be through Earthrise2020.org.
A little info about Earthrise, it’s the largest, most diverse global mobilization in history on behalf of our environment and our planet. There’s an app for this too.
The original date of celebration began in 1970; to demonstrate our global support for our environment that WE ALL LOVE!
This year will be especially challenging to engage in celebration due to our current pandemic, as we are focused on social distancing. However, we can still take action. Here’s how, Please visit earthday.org and join a digital event happening wherever you are.
A global health crisis doesn’t mean the climate crisis is slowing down. 50 years ago, millions took a stand for our planet on the first-ever Earth Day. In 2020, we’re continuing the fight online.
Please join the worldwide live stream on April 22, 2020, through Earthcharter.org
Earthrise2020.org for Earth Day.
Stay Healthy & Safe!
Joyce C Wood, chhc


Residential sewage treatment plant is very important for protecting the environment, we have many size sewage treatment systems for your wastewater treatment projects, even the small sewage treatment system, we can manufacture as your project requirements.
Sewage Waste Water Treatment
The process of removing the contaminants from sewage to produce liquid and solid (sludge) suitable for discharge to the environment or for reuse. It is a form of waste management. A septic tank or other on-site wastewater treatment system such as biofilters can be used to treat sewage close to where it is created.
Biological Wastewater Treatment
Biological wastewater treatment processes are primarily designed for the removal of dissolved and suspended organic matter from wastewaters. The environmental conditions are optimised to encourage growth of the micro-organisms which use the organic compounds as substrate.
Biological wastewater treatment is also capable of removing other wastewater components, including suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and xenobiotics. In general the biological wastewater treatment is the most efficient and economic way of removing organic pollution from a wastewater.
* The Membrane Bioreactor or MBR is based on the conventional wastewater process, but the separation of micro-organisms is performed by filtration with membranes.
* Containerized crossflow MBR system for the offshore industry treating sewage from a living quarter barge.
* Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) offers an economical solution for wastewater treatment if the “bulk” of the pollution load must be disposed of (as means of cost reduction) or if applicable discharge regulations are not as strict.


In 2009, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) adopted a national Waste Water Effluents Strategy that recommends/expects municipalities to adopt and implement an updated sewer use bylaw. The text of the recommended CCME Model Sewer Use By-Law is set out in a 2006 report that CCME commissioned, Model Sewer Use Bylaw Development Report. Now it is starting to spread across Canada.The model bylaw offers a menu of options. It starts with a core, or basic bylaw for communities that are primarily residential, with some commercial activities, such as restaurants, auto repair garages and dental services. The Core Bylaw addresses sanitary, combined and storm sewer use. Schedules A and B outline a core list of prohibited and restricted wastes for sanitary and combined sewers. A Supplementary List of Substances provides additional options for controlling additional parameters.
For municipalities with more complex sewer quality challenges, the model contains “Advanced Clauses” for industrial sewer use controls and other source protection initiatives. This includes pollution prevention planning, codes of practice and associated programs, such as compliance programs.
Slowly, the new model is spreading to municipalities across Canada. Peel used it in 2010, York in 2011; Vancouver, Durham and Hamilton are considering it now. Hamilton, for example, uses the model as a trigger to propose or improve controls on:
• food related grease control devices (grease traps) in restaurants and food premises;
• oil and grease interceptors in motor vehicle service shops and sediment interceptors in businesses such as car
• Dental Amalgam Separators in dental offices, to collect mercury;
• Pollution Prevention Programs;
• hauled sewage ; and
• a sewer discharge permitting system to replace the old sewer discharge agreements.
The updated sewer bylaws should help municipalities comply with the increasing stringency of federal and municipal discharge standards for their sewage treatment plants. Does anyone know of a consolidated list of which municipalities have updated their sewer bylaws to the new model?


At All About Cats Veterinary Hospital, our Las Vegas veterinarian is committed to the health and wellness of your feline friend. Offering quality care in a calm, stress-free setting, we are the area's one-stop shop for all feline veterinary care services.
One of the more common questions cat owners ask our veterinary team is "what is causing aggression between cats in my household, and what can I do about it?"
Causes of Aggression in Cats
There are many potential causes of aggression in cats, with territorial aggression being among the most common. This is especially common in situations where a new cat has been introduced into a household with one or more existing cats. The "new" cat may be seen as a threat to the territory, and aggression or fighting may result.
Aggression is also relatively common in cats who have not yet been spayed or neutered, so if you have recently adopted kittens who have suddenly become aggressive towards one another, it may be time to talk to our vet about scheduling that spay or neuter surgery.
Of course, some cats simply don't get along because they have different personalities, for example, a playful, rambunctious cat may be seen as a nuisance to a cat who prefers peace and quiet.
Managing Aggression Between Cats
One of the best ways to manage and reduce aggression between cats is to give them separate spaces within your home. Make sure each cat has access to his or her own food, water, and litter box. This can cut down on a lot of territorial aggression. When you see your cats fighting or become hostile towards one another, interrupt the event by clapping your hands or otherwise distracting them from the behavior. Likewise, be sure to reward positive behavior with treats or toys, as this will help to reinforce the behavior over time.
When to Call Our Las Vegas Vet
If your cats are still showing strong signs of aggression towards one another, it may be time to call our Las Vegas vet for a consultation. You can reach All About Cats Veterinary Hospital by giving us a call at (702) 257-3222.


Success in fashion, as in many other businesses, involves the uncanny ability to psyche out trends and translate them into products that will win favor with the customer. Throughout history, successful entrepreneurs have turned unarticulated longings into saleable merchandise. The hard-driving Steve Jobs sensed the desire for touch-screen connectivity before the average teenager, and the couturier Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel recognized that modern women wanted practical suits that fit their natural shape rather than the wasp-waisted New Look.
Fashion, fashion prediction, and trendsetting
“Fashion” is one of those ubiquitous modern buzzwords. Everyone uses it but seldom defines what he or she means. In modern shopping districts such as the British high street, the word “fashion” is often used to sell cheaply made apparel, often called “fast fashion.” But during the numerous fashion weeks that nowadays are organized all over the world, it means something completely different—not to mention the connotations the word has on the Paris catwalks. In general, “fashion” often refers to a certain style of dress.
Studies on fashion forecasting
In the last decade, several studies about fashion prediction or that are pertinent to forecasting in general were published. Most of these studies, however, do not take an historical approach. One exception is David Edgerton’s The Shock of the Old. 11 This insightful book by Britain’s leading historian of technology examines the impact of technologies that are visibly invisible, such as horses in the nineteenth century and electricity and central heating in our own time.
It is debatable when “fashion” became an important economic and social phenomenon. Evidently, as soon as human civilization arose, dress and style began to matter as social identifiers. However, most fashion historians date the rise of the modern fashion system to the second half of the fourteenth century, thereby following Werner Sombart’s thesis that it was the demand for luxuries, emanating from the rising class of merchants and bankers in cities


We can get most of the way to deriving the constancy of the speed of light just from the Principle of Relativity alone. In other words, the speed of light being constant is just a consequence of the laws of physics being the same in all inertial frames.
We Have No Idea How Many Aliens There Are
Although the purpose of the Drake Equation is to estimate the number of alien civilisations with which we could potentially make contact, in truth we have absolutely no idea how many alien civilisations are out there.
Why The Universe Had No Beginning
It is almost certainly the case that time behaved differently at the Big Bang singularity to how it does now, and that it is not possible to define a time "before the Big Bang". Defining a time before the universe would be nonsensical anyway because time is a part of the universe, not external to it.
Universes of Another Kind
There are other kinds of multiverse that physicists discuss, but there's an entirely different kind of multiverse that is discussed by philosophers, not physicists. This is the multiverse of "possible worlds", and was introduced as a semantics that made modal statements much easier to analyse.
Black Hole Fun
If it's possible to have a favourite astronomical object, I'm sure black holes would be fairly high on everyone's list. You can't escape from one, you can't know what's inside one, and they're invisible - what could possibly be more terrifying and exciting to talk about?
Consciousness Has No Place In Quantum Physics
While I will be quick to point out that a theory of quantum mechanics based on consciousness has not been ruled out, it is certainly not the only way to formulate the laws "in a fully consistent way". Pilot wave theory, GRW collapse theory, many-worlds theory, and decoherence theory are all consistent attempts at trying to make sense of quantum mechanics.
Electrons – Waves or Particles?
Embracing wave-particle duality helps us to come to terms with the strange results of the double-slit experiment, but it leaves us with a very confusing picture of what an electron actually is.
The Only Mystery of Quantum Mechanics
"It is absolutely impossible to explain in any classical way and has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery." - Richard Feynman


Conditional expectation generalized to continuous random variables
The conditional expectation definition needs to be generalized, to be applicable to continuous random variables. The generalization is accompanied with an example and later will be applied to expected shortfall.
Generalizing conditional expectation definition
Suppose can take values with probabilities and can take values with probabilities
Denote the joint probabilities . The definition from this post gives
where is a fixed value of . The drawback of this definition is its dependence on indexation of values . Our purpose is to show how from this definition one can obtain a definition that does not use indexation and can therefore be applied to continuous random variables. Denote
Then the sum can be expanded by including zero terms:
(the sum in the middle includes all points in the sample space). Using (1) and (3) we can rewrite (2) as
Replacing here the conditioning on by conditioning on a general set whose probability is not zero we obtain the definition of conditional expectation:
Example. If is standard normal and is its distribution function, then for any number one has
where is the density.
Proof. From the expression of the density
Applying this equation and (4) we get
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On Tuesday we went on a whole school trip to visit Dippy who is on tour from the London Natural History Museum. We learnt that he was dug up in 1898 and copies of his bones were sent all over the world. London received a set of bones to have their very own Diplodocus.
We took part in three activities. One was to be palaeontologists and dig for fossils in sand using magnifying glasses and brushes to look closely at what we found. There were ammonites and bivalves, belemnites and sea urchins, ferns, crystals and even a sharks tooth.
We also went to the fossil room to learn about the pliosaur and megalosaur who lived on our Jurassic coast about 200 million years ago. We had to find the skull of the pliosaur, discover what it ate (fish) and find some of its very sharp teeth. We found the megalosuars footprints and its teeth.
The third activitiy was to spend time with Dippy and learnt more about this amazing creature. It is 26m long, weights 15 tonnes and had to eat the weight of a small child in plants every hour. When it was born it was the same size as a human baby (about 5kgs) but was an adult by 10 years and could live for 70 or 80 years.
We all had a fantastic time and learnt lots!


Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Duke Victor Amadeus II of Savoy to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austria. Besides Sardinia, the kingdom included Savoy, Piedmont and Nice; Liguria, including Genoa, was added by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Officially, the nation’s name became Kingdom of Sardinia, Cyprus, and Jerusalem, Duchy of Savoy and Montferrat, Principality of Piedmont. During most of the 18th and 19th centuries under the House of Savoy, the political and economical capital was Turin. In 1860 Nice and Savoy were ceded to France as a price paid for French support in the campaign to unify Italy. In 1861, it became a founding state of the new Kingdom of Italy, and ceased to exist after that date.
Carlo Felice was born in Turin as the eleventh child and fifth son born to Victor Amadeus III and Maria Antonia of Spain. From birth he was titled as the Duke of Genoa and the Marquis of Susa from 1796. He was a younger brother of Charles Emmanuel IV and Victor Emmanuel I. He spent his childhood with his sister Maria Carolina, the Count of Moriana, living at the Castle of Moncalieri. He had a very closed character.
He was married by proxy to Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily on 7 March 1807. She was a daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria, sister of Marie Antoinette.
Carlos was not expected to ever succeed to the throne. However Charles Emmanuel never had any children and abdicated the throne on June 4, 1802. Victor Emmanuel I had four living daughters when he abdicated the throne in 1821. As the succession was regulated by the Salic Law, Charles Felix succeeded his brother on the throne. He and his wife died without issue after a reign of ten years. He was succeeded by the senior male of his House as Charles Albert of Savoy after he died in Turin at the Palazzo Chablais which had been given to him by his sister Princess Maria Anna.


Once upon a time Ferrette castle
The castle | Summiluchs / CC-BY
Ferrette fortress, in Alsace, is 612 metres at its highest point.
It's in ruins, nowadays, but a manuscript described the castle as it was in the Middle-Ages.
We found three main buildings:
- the Oberschloss ("Upper building"), with 11 rooms, kitchens, steam room and cellar. Also, we found a well and a chapel dedicated to Sainte-Catherine;
- the Bailiff's house, with 7 rooms, two kitchens, a stable for three horses and vast cellars;
- Knight's dwelling, with a room flanked by cellars.
The first mention of the castle dates back to 1104, with Frederic I: the man inherited Ferrette land from his father, count of Montbéliard.
He and his descendants would later take the name of Ferrette.
Frederic raised the keep on the foundation of a tower put up by Romans.
In 1324, the castle fell to the House of Austria, when Jeanne de Ferrette married one Hapsburg man.
Emperors Maximilian I and Maximilian II reinforced the fortifications.
Ferrette was demolished and burnt by the Swedish during the Thirty Years War.


Carotid artery disease (CAD) is a condition where arteries that carry blood to the head and brain become narrow or clogged with plaque, increasing the risk of stroke. Inova vascular and interventional radiologists evaluate and treat the condition using the following techniques:
An exam to diagnose blockages, narrowing or other defects of the carotid artery, the large blood vessel in the neck that supplies blood to the brain. If a narrowing or blockage is found, we usually open it with angioplasty or thrombolysis.
Carotid Artery Stenting
An interventional radiologist uses a combination of balloon angioplasty and a stent implant to unblock and re-open the carotid artery, a major supplier of blood to the brain. While the lesion is stented during the procedure, an embolic protection system is used to collect plaque that could become dislodged and potentially cause a stroke. Carotid artery stenting may provide a preventive measure against stroke for patients with carotid artery disease who are ineligible for the current method of care.
Although we usually use thrombolytic therapy for PVD or deep-vein thrombosis, we occasionally use this in treating patients having an acute ischemic stroke, restoring blood flow to the brain before incurring permanent damage.
Inova Stroke Services
Read more about our stroke services and get important information about stroke warning signs and support.


We’re taking an aerial perspective in this WORK OF THE WEEK with a bird's-eye view of Killarney, County Kerry!
Killarney has long captured the imagination of visitors and residents alike, from early Christian settlements in the seventh century to the emergence of tourism 250 years ago. Published in 1789, this gorgeous map by Jonathan Fisher accompanied his series of 20 views of Ireland's most celebrated mountainous landscape. Taking an east-west (rather than south-north) perspective, it predates the Ordnance Survey's more detailed mapping of the region by half a century.
On closer inspection, the map helpfully numbers the principle locations depicted in the artist’s views, from No.1 (bottom centre) which is south of the River Flesk and Lord Kenmare’s House (Killarney House) to No.20 near the Gap of Dunloe and north of the River Laune (top right). It is also interesting to note older place names and spellings, including Turk (Muckross) Lake, Glena (Shehy) Mountain, and Toomish (Tomies) Mountain.
Jonathan Fisher (1740-1809) was one of the earliest artists to popularise this County Kerry landscape. He began his working life as a woollen-draper in The Liberties area of Dublin, before taking up his artistic career in the 1760s. He lived at Ship Street, Dublin with his wife Martha Price – the daughter of a Cork merchant – and supplemented his income with the post of Supervisor of Stamps from 1778 until his death in 1809.
THAT ABRUPT MAGNIFICENCE: Jonathan Fisher’s Views of Killarney runs in our Modern Galleries (Floor 2) until 9 June 2019.
Emmett Place, Cork, Ireland
Tel: 021 480 5042
N.B. Last entry is 15 minutes before closing
Thursday until 8.00pm
Sundays and Bank Holidays
© 2023 www.crawfordartgallery.ie


Throughout history, women were pharmacists, cultivating healing herbs and exchanging the secrets of their uses. They were also nurses, counselors and midwives who traveled from home to home and village to village. They have always been healers. In around 3500 BCE, Queen Puabi of Ur was buried with surgical instruments so that she might practice surgery in the afterlife. In ancient Egypt, priestesses of Isis were regarded as physician-healers who obtained their healing powers from the goddess Isis herself. Egyptian records even show that women studied at the royal medical school at Heliopolis as early as 1500 BCE.
With the fall of Corinth in 150 BCE, Greek female prisoners were taken to Italy where those with medical knowledge fetched the highest price. In his collection of work, called Sixteen Books on Medicine, Aëtius of Amida, a Byzantine Greek physician, describes the surgical techniques of Aspasia, a GrecoRoman female surgeon. These books served as a prominent surgical texts well into the 11th century where an Italian woman by the name of Tortula, herself an established physician, became well-known for teaching male doctors about the female body and childbirth. Later in history, though, spoil-sport King Henry VIII of England proclaimed that “No carpenter, smith, weaver or women shall practice surgery.”
Women’s mythological association to birth, death and immortality are well documented, and this leads to the goddesses’ association with healing and restoration even though they might later be more well-known by their other functions. In ancient Greece, for example, the goddess Athena cured blindness and the goddess of Marriage, Hera, was also known as the chief healing deity. Other healing goddesses in ancient Greece include Aceso, the goddess of curing sickness and healing wounds, Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, Epione, the goddess of the soothing of pain, Hygieia, the goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation, and Panacea, the goddess of the universal cure. Statues of Hygeia and Panacea were located in over 300 healing temples throughout Greece, where oracles were interpreted by male and female priests who prescribed treatments to their patients.
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Cobaltocalcite refers to a stunning pink-red to slightly purplish-red cobalt-rich calcite mineral. Another name for this stone is cobaltoan calcite. Crystals often form as drusy masses and when faceted, gems are rarely seen in sizes greater than 2 carats but can be exceed 8 carats. Gem quality stones come from Spain and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Notable specimens come from the Bou Azzer Mine, Morocco and the Mashamba West Mine and Mindingi Mine, Democratic Republic of Congo.
- Optical Properties
- Characteristic Physical Properties
- Chemistry & Crystallography
LWUV: Weak purplish pink to moderate orangy pink
Spherocobaltite, Aphrodite Stone
Countries of Origin
Russian Federation; Angola; Romania; United States of America; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Switzerland; Congo; India; Spain; Canada; Sweden; Morocco; Unknown; Italy; Mexico; Slovakia; Australia; France; Peru; Germany
Cobaltocalcite is very soft, so be mindful of scratching. It is easily attacked and dissolved by acids such as vinegar. Avoid abrasives, ultrasonic, solvents and heat. Cobaltocalcite is generally unsuitable for jewelry.


Open File Report 2021-05
This report presents the results and findings of a subsurface temperature mapping project conducted by the Alberta Geological Survey. Alberta’s long history of petroleum exploration has resulted in a wealth of temperature data, from various sources and of varied quality. Temperature measurements from drillstem tests and annual pool pressure surveys are considered higher quality, whereas temperature measurements recorded from wireline logs as bottomhole temperatures (BHT) are considered lower quality. The BHTs often reflect the temperature of drilling mud in the wellbore, which has not equilibrated with the formation temperature, and the temperatures need to be corrected to be representative of in situ conditions. To maximize the amount of BHT data available for this project, a temperature correction method based on a derivation of the Harrison correction was developed. The resulting Alberta-calibrated Harrison equation was applied to previously unused BHT data to estimate more accurate formation temperatures. These corrected BHTs were then merged with a pre-existing temperature dataset to provide an updated subsurface temperature database for the Alberta Basin. A three-dimensional subsurface temperature model was generated using the new database, and two-dimensional temperature maps were produced for some of Alberta’s deeper sedimentary formations which may be targeted for future geothermal exploration and development. Units mapped for this project are, in descending stratigraphic order, the Wabamun Group, the Winterburn Group, the Leduc Formation, the contiguous Swan Hills and Slave Point formations, the Watt Mountain Formation, the Sulphur Point Formation, and the Keg River Formation. In addition, the temperature at the top of the Precambrian crystalline basement (base of the sedimentary succession) was also mapped. An updated thermal gradient map of the Alberta Basin was produced, which provides an estimate of the average temperature increase with depth from the surface to the top of the Precambrian.
Brinsky, J, Singh, A., Hauck, T.E., Grobe, M. and Palombi, D. (2022): Temperature mapping of select Devonian strata in Alberta; Alberta Energy Regulator / Alberta Geological Survey, AER/AGS Open File Report 2021-05, 28 p.


Sat. Aug 10, 1940
The setting sun leaves colors smeared over the Eastern Mt. peaks. The change isn't abrupt but rapid. The haze fills in and obscures all of the horizon, leaving only one mt. in the foreground visible. The blue base seems firmly planted in the ground - the peak is apparently semi-detached - almost floating away on a bank of clouds.
As night settles down dark clouds gather. A light rain starts falling. It ceases. Starts 10 min. later as a real downpour which leaves the city lights reflected as streaks and patches in the pools of water which soon collect in the street. The rain ceases as suddenly as it began. The darkness is heaped up over this little valley. Nothing is visible of nature. Only man made lights penetrate the gloom. What is apparently a large star glowing over the city is in reality a bright light far up the mt. side, so high it might be mistaken.
The brief storm has passed over the mts. and now the lightning flashes playing over and behind the peaks momentarily lights them as nature in its prodigious waste of electrical energy creates a pyrotechnical display.
Flashes apparently miles in length cause the mts. to suddenly jump into full view, towering high over the city and then as suddenly vanish. This disappearing phenomenon isn't created by mirrors. It furthermore isn't an illusion. One never tires watching.
Beyond the range of lights the world ends in a black wall. Estimates of distance and perspective are impossible. The real wall of mts. remains hidden behind a black cloak of night.
The succession of points of light high above the city which twinkle on and off, yet slowly and steadily descend, apparently to mingle with those of the city, aren't stars dislodged by the storm, but automobiles returning from Cuernavaca.


Unpacking 1: Fossils (video)
Topics Covered in this Unit-
- The Fossil Record
- Geological Time Scale
- Identification of Fossils
- Fossil Dating Methods
- Change in Organisms over Time
***Purchase this Unit (click here).
Exercise 1 Fossils True/False? (video)
This video describes an activity appropriate for grades 2 – 12. Students will be able to: (1) define the term fossil, (2) better understand that a fossil must fulfill both a specific age requirement and be the results of a biotic factor, and (3) list possible fossil preservation methods.
Below are links to all documentation for this thematic unit. Presentations are available in PowerPoint format, as well as PDFs for those wishing to print transparencies for overhead projectors. Teachers may wish to review unit workbooks for more in-depth information before using the supplied presentations.
- 2009 TN Science Curriculum Standards
- 2009 TN Mathematics Curriculum Standards
- Common Core Math Standards
Workbooks with Exercises
- Fossils (PDF Workbook)
- Addendums for Unit 1 Workbook (PDF)
- Fossils Part I (PowerPoint | PDF)
- Fossils Part II (PowerPoint | PDF)
Additional Readings and Supplementary Files
Scientific Journal Articles (PDF)
- Toilet Paper Timeline of Earth’s History (Excel)
- Phet Simulation: Radioactive Dating Game