What does it mean to cascade filters?
Cascading (parent/child) filters are interconnected dashboard filters in which the filter settings of a parent filter limit the values that users see in other child filters on the same dashboard tab.
What are advantages of cascade structure over direct structures in FIR filters?
The main advantage of the cascade structure is its smaller sensitivity to the coefficient quantization. We can use the tf2sos command to rewrite the system function of a FIR filter as the product of second-order sections; however, these second-order sections are not necessarily linear-phase.
What is Cascade Realisation?
Cascade realization ▪ The Cascade realization of an IIR system is obtained by first. decomposing the system function H(z) into the product of several. simple transfer function.
What is cascade form?
In the canonical series cascade form, the transfer function H(z) is written as a product of first-order and second-order transfer functions: H i ( z ) = u ( z ) e ( z ) = H 1 ( z ) ⋅ H 2 ( z ) ⋅ H 3 ( z ) … H p ( z ) .
When creating a 4 level hierarchy of cascading filters How many filters should be set as context filters?
And then if you have four filters, we need two context filters for number 1 and number 2 and then we use a combination of only relevant values, then all values in context, then only relevant values again for the fourth filter in our hierarchy.
What is advantage of Cascade Form Realisation?
The advantage of using the cascade form of realisation is. 1) It has same number of poles and zeros as that of individual components. 2) The number of poles is the product of poles of individual components. 3) The number of zeros is the product of poles of individual components.
How is cascade system structure?
Cascade Systems A cascade system uses one refrigerant to condense the other primary refrigerant that is operating at the desired evaporator temperature. This approach is usually used for temperature levels less than −80°F, when light hydrocarbon gases or other low boiling gases and vapors are being cooled.
What is FIR filter?
In signal processing, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time.


Q: How Can I Calm My Child When He’s Escalating?
Emotional dysregulation is a common symptom of ADHD in children and adults. When your child’s anger or frustration is escalating, how you respond can make all the difference in bringing calm and teaching strategies for better self-regulation.
FREE WEBINAR REPLAY WITH RYAN WEXELBLATT
Listen to “The Social Lives of Boys with ADHD”
Q: “When my son’s emotions begin escalating and he’s getting more and more upset about something, it seems nothing that I do or say helps to calm him down. What can I do in these situations to help him?”
A: “As parents, we have a propensity to try to calm our kids by talking them down. But what you need to remember is that, when they are in that state, they can’t hear and they can’t learn. Instead, my suggestion to parents is this: When your son is escalating, reduce your words by 80 percent…”
Ryan Wexelblatt, LCSW is the facilitator of the ADHD Dude Facebook Group and YouTube channel. Ryan specializes in working with males (ages 5-22) who present with ADHD, anxiety with ADHD, and learning differences; he is the one professional in the United States who specializes in teaching social cognitive skills to boys from a male perspective.


LEARN TO ROW/SCULL
Sweep Rowing vs. Sculling: What’s the difference?
In the sport of rowing, also called crew, rowers sit with their backs facing the direction that the boat is moving. The boats are also called shells. The two main types of rowing are sweep rowing and sculling.
In sweep rowing, the rower handles one oar with both hands. At ARC, sweep rowing typically involves rowing with a team of eight or four rowers. A coxswain (pronounced cox-in), who sits at the rear of the boat facing forward, directs the crew and steers the boat.
In sculling, the rower uses two oars, one in each hand. The oars are smaller than those used for sweep rowing. At ARC, scullers may row in singles, doubles (2 rowers) or quads (4 rowers). These boats do not have coxswains, rather the rower in the bow (front) of the shell directs the rowers and steers the boat.
Check out our Learn to Row and Learn to Scull clinics for beginning rowers. Find out about the current schedules and how to register.
All programs take place at the Annapolis Rowing Club @ Gingerville Yachting Center. Parking is available on-site. Arrive via Sunset Drive, turn right and park up on top of the hill near the Boathouse. Please drive carefully through the lot and keep an eye out for people carrying equipment.


Dyckia Bromeliad Plant Species
Author: admin2 Comments
Classification, Growing Indoors, Growing Outdoors
Dyckia (dick’ea) – Belonging to the Pitcairnioideae subfamily; amongst terrestrial bromeliads dyckias are probably the best known; they are robust plants that require little care and attention. Heavily spined and growing under the same conditions as cactus and succulents, dyckias are tolerant of temperature and can be grown outdoors in most areas.
There are about 100 known species. Some of the smaller forms such as Dyckia fosteriana and Dyckia brevifolia form large clumps very quickly and produce a profusion of color at flowering. Most species have green leaves and vary in size from 10cm in diameter to the largest, Dyckia maritima, which flowers well above the height of the average person.
They have flower petals in a range of colors from orange to yellow and are carried on tall stalks emerging from the edge of the center of the plant rather than the middle, which is the case in other bromeliads. Dyckias are highly recommended to the beginner as a starting plant because of the ability to survive almost any conditions.
Dyckia fosteriana pictured.
For more information on the Pitcairnioideae Bromeliad subfamily, check out my Bromeliad Subfamily – Pitcairnioideae post!
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If you plant them outside how well do they tolerate cold weather? Are they deer resistant?
It depends on where you live. I have read that they are hardy to zone 7. No deer in its right mind would try and eat this stuff.


Writing the Goodlife by Priscilla S. Ybarra
Publication Date: 2016-03-24
Mexican American literature brings a much-needed approach to the increasingly urgent challenges of climate change and environmental injustice. Although current environmental studies work to develop new concepts, Writing the Goodlife looks to long-established traditions of thought that have existed in Mexican American literary history for the past century and a half. During that time period, Mexican American writing consistently shifts the focus from the environmentally destructive settler values of individualism, domination, and excess toward the more beneficial refrains of community, non-possessiveness, and humility. The decolonial approaches found in these writings provide rich examples of mutually respectful relations between humans and nature, an approach that Priscilla Solis Ybarra calls "goodlife" writing. Goodlife writing has existed for at least the past century, Ybarra contends, but Chicana/o literary history's emphasis on justice and civil rights eclipsed this tradition and hidden it from the general public's view. Likewise, in ecocriticism, the voices of people of color most often appear in deliberations about environmental justice. The quiet power of goodlife writing certainly challenges injustice, to be sure, but it also brings to light the decolonial environmentalism heretofore obscured in both Chicana/o literary history and environmental literary studies. Ybarra's book takes on two of today's most discussed topics--the worsening environmental crisis and the rising Latino population in the United States--and puts them in literary-historical context from the U.S.-Mexico War up to today's controversial policies regarding climate change, immigration, and ethnic studies. This book uncovers 150 years' worth of Mexican American and Chicana/o knowledge and practices that inspire hope in the face of some of today's biggest challenges.


Caergwrle Castle, also known as Queen’s Hope in scholarly texts, is located in the town of Caergwrle, in Flintshire, Wales. It was the final castle to be built by Welsh rulers before the loss of Welsh independence in 1283.
Construction of the castle began in 1277, after King Edward I gave the lordship of Hope to Dafydd ap Gruffudd as reward for his service in the Welsh war concluded earlier that year. Notable features included two D-shaped towers and a great circular keep overlooking the approach to the south-east. It has been speculated that Dafydd employed English masons to work on the castle, which was apparently unfinished when Dafydd revolted in 1282. By the time Edward had gathered an army to invade Wales in June, Dafydd had already retreated from Caergwrle, and had slighted the castle, even blocking up its well to deny it to the English. Edward promptly began rebuilding the castle, and gave it to his wife, Eleanor of Castile. However, a fire in 1283 gutted the castle, and it was never rebuilt.
Today, little remains of the fortifications, other than some earthworks and a smattering of recognisable masonry. The castle is located at the top of a steep hill that may or may not have been man-made.


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Discovering Elements Notebooking Journal
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Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table-Learning About Science, Level 5
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The Loro Parque Foundation warns that there are increasingly more inhabitants and endangered species whilst the forests and animal populations decline…
The Loro Parque Foundation warns that the enormous pressure of the growing population is driving animals out of their habitats. For example, it’s estimated that in Africa, before the Europeans arrived, there could have been over 29 million elephants. However, as early as 1935, the population had dropped to 10 million and now stands at less than 440,000, according to a 2012 study conducted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
This same scenario happened with the blue whales, whose population in Antarctica passed, in less than a century, from 340,000 to just over 1,000 specimens. Fortunately, thanks to international protection, the population of this species is slowly recovering. However, some cetaceans such as the Mexican Vaquita or Gulf porpoise have not been able to improve their numbers and are on the verge of extinction with less than 50 specimens registered.
At this point in time, United Nations estimates show that 57 per cent of the world’s population already lives in cities, far from contact with nature and animals. In addition, it’s estimated that by 2050 that percentage will have exceeded 80 per cent, making contact with nature even scarcer, with many people never having the opportunity to bond with wild animals.
Asia is the most populous continent on the planet, with 4,478 million people and a density of 144 people per square kilometre, followed by Africa with 1,246 million and Europe with 739 million. Population densities in Europe and the Americas do not exceed 30 people per square kilometre, yet the enormous amount of infrastructure and agricultural use have fragmented and reduced natural habitats.
This problem of overpopulation affects all individuals, as resource depletion, deforestation and pollution are just a sample of the consequences that affect everyone.
For this reason, the role of wildlife conservation centres such as Loro Parque is more important than ever – necessary to maintain living contact between animals and the public. Therefore, the mission of modern zoos is to fight to preserve endangered species, work to increase scientific knowledge about animal species to protect them, and seek to inspire love and protection of the animals in all their visitors. Thus, in an increasingly populated and urban world, zoos are the embassy of animals and nature.
Please see more at: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1483808661755743


Microsoft in Education Global Forum, Dubai, 2...
It turns out that Snowden was not a spy at all, but a geek -- a computer systems administrator who helped take care of the networks at the National Security Agency. This job was considered so routine that it was contracted out to a consulting company for which Snowden worked. Snowden received a technical education, not a political one. In fact, he dropped out of school, eschewing general education with history and literature for a narrow set of technical skills.
In the workforce, Snowden was a valuable asset to the companies for which he worked. He could solve technical problems quickly, and hack his way successfully through thickets of code and security. He was given, even in his 20's, increasing responsibility for technical services. And the passwords he needed to access the databases and networks used by the NSA.
Did his supervisors realize what would happen? Or did they assume that Snowden, because he seemed so smart, was also a well-educated young man capable of making sound moral and ethical decisions about the information he had access to?
We see no evidence in Snowden's background or in his writings or statements that he has developed the ethical background to make the momentous decision to release national security information. Compare his with other whistleblowers, such as Daniel Ellsberg, who released the then-secret Pentagon Papers on the conduct of the Vietnam War in the early 1970's. Ellsberg received a broad liberal arts education, including graduate study in decision theory, and before he blew his whistle he had served in important government and academic positions for 20 years.
Both men violated the law willingly and on purpose. Which one understood better the implications of his action?
Today's workforce needs effective technicians, hackers, and geeks. But before we grant them the keys to the kingdom, we want to make sure that their education also includes the moral, ethical, political, and historical understandings that will enable them to make sound decisions on important matters of policy. this goes not just for the NSA, but for the local insurance company, school district, hospital, or chemical plant. A technical education alone may not suffice in our interconnected, interdependent, and global economy.


When the fall/winter flu season descends once again, the Centers for Disease Control will be ready for it, according to agency representatives.
After the National Flu Vaccine Summit concluded in Chicago this June, CDC spokesman Curtis Allen confirmed a record number of flu vaccine doses are expected to be produced this year–between 100 and 120 million doses. The most ever distributed was 83.1 million in 2003.
New vaccines must be developed every year because flu strains mutate, and if all the doses are not distributed, the vaccine expires and must be destroyed, said Dr. Jeanne Santoli, deputy director of the Immunization Services Division at the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases in Atlanta.
Santoli said the agency is in the process of planning a public health campaign to make sure citizens around the country who need the flu vaccine get it.
Certain populations face a higher risk of suffering from flu complications, including:
- people 65 and older, the group most likely to have complications that lead to death or hospitalization;
- people between the ages of 50 and 64, because they could have underlying health conditions that have not yet been recognized;
- people with chronic diseases such as kidney or liver disease; and
- children under 5.
— Mat Herron


Capstone Project (Open Access)
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)
Schools have been placed under tremendous pressure to provide students with a quality education in an online environment. In the process, student engagement should not be ignored. The purpose of the capstone project is to improve student engagement while in a remote learning environment. It is important to consider the issue of student online engagement because students can fall behind in their studies. An evidence based argument is offered how students who do not engage in the online classroom express the lack of peer and teacher interactions. The four primary stakeholder perspectives chosen were two parents and two fourth grade students, because they have experienced the struggles of remote learning during COVID 19. Three themes emerged from an analysis of data and explored as ways to address the issue presented. Based on the data analysis, an action was chosen as an effective way to engage students in the remote classroom.
Nabor, Leslie, "The New Normal: Engaging Students during Online Learning" (2021). Capstone Projects and Master's Theses. 1078.


Graduate Research and Discovery Symposium (GRADS)
Teaching "Soil Forming Factors: Climate" using an ESRI Story Map
The purpose of this study was to develop an ESRI Story Map “Soil Forming Factors: Climate” for multiple STEM disciplines. This study incorporated a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design that utilized multiple methods of analysis, including quality assessment of ESRI Story Map using the five principles of effective storytelling, and direct quantitative measures of learning (quiz), and surveys of participants’ perceptions (PowerPoint presentation versus ESRI Story Map) using QualtricsTM. The survey results are summarized by gender, academic classification (year), and academic major program. Newly developed ESRI Story Map was an effective teaching tool as demonstrated by quiz scores and students’ positive responses. There was a statistically significant increase in familiarity scores from pre-testing scores of “not at all familiar” (M=1.36, SD=0.77) to post-testing scores of “somewhat familiar” (M=3.31, SD=0.79), t (44)=-14.133, p=0.000 (two-tailed) indicating the effectiveness of the ESRI Story Map laboratory exercise for students of all majors, gender, and academic levels. An eta-squared statistic (0.82) indicated a large effect size. There were also statistically significant increases in familiarity scores within individual groups by gender, major, and academic classification (year).
Groshans, G. R.; Mikhailova, E. A.; Post, C. J.; and Schlautman, M. A., "Teaching "Soil Forming Factors: Climate" using an ESRI Story Map" (2019). Graduate Research and Discovery Symposium (GRADS). 271.


Stop Motion Madness! Students Create StopMo Films!
This past June, over 500 Grade 1 – 5 students participated in the First Annual Highfield International Film Festival.
To participate in the festival, students got together in groups to create short, stop motion films using the NFB’s own StopMo App. They wrote original stories, decorated recycled shoe boxes for sets and learned how to animate their own clay sculptures.
We love that teachers are incorporating the StopMo App into classroom activities, and thought we’d share a small sample of the films, just to get you in the back-to-school spirit:
You can see the rest of the films here.
Stop Motion in the Classroom
Are you an educator that’s thinking about adding a stop motion component to your lesson plan? It’s even easier than you think! We’ve recently created online workshops that will be designed to allow any teacher, anywhere, to teach stop-motion skills to their students!
For some ideas on challenging creativity, check out this wonderful blog post.
Check out NFB/Education for further updates, or sign up for the weekly NFB/Education newsletter!
Make Your Own Stop Motion Films!
Want to make your own stop motion films? Check out the NFB StopMo App, now available in English, French, Chinese, German and Spanish!
If you’ve already downloaded the App and are now wondering how to use all the features: fear not! We have a handy navigation video just for you:
Already made a film you’d like to share? Leave a link in the comments section below!


This article was published in 2015 and may not reflect the latest scientific research from a hive mind of researchers.
Next time you visit Science World at TELUS World of Science, come to the Search: Sara Stern Gallery and check out the honeybee tree! If you’re lucky, you might see the bees doing some amazing things. The first thing you should look for is two honeybees standing face to face, connected by a tongue. Are those honeybees kissing? It sure seems like it.
Why do bees "kiss"?
Worker bees do not leave the hive until they are about three weeks old. Until then, they must rely on older bees to bring them nectar to eat. When bees "kiss," they are actually passing nectar to other bees. When a mature worker bee collects nectar from a flower, she stores it in her stomach until she gets back to the hive. As the nectar sits in her stomach, water is removed from it, which makes it more condensed and easier to share. When she gets back to the hive, she will find another bee who will take the nectar. Then, the mature honeybee will form drops of nectar on the end of her tongue for the other bee to lick off. Each bee that holds nectar in her stomach pulls more water from it and, eventually, the nectar becomes thick and turns into honey. Honeybees will then store it in the cells of the honeycomb where it dries up even more.
So, if anyone asks, you can tell them that honey is made from bee kisses!
Wanna see some bees in action?
Come visit our honey bees in the Search: Sara Stern Gallery. They’re all the buzz!


Authenticity is the light side of Self Importance, a false sense of self. Authenticity is demonstrated when your thoughts, actions and your words are congruent. You do what you say and say what you mean. This results in a reflection of integrity and self esteem. You are clear about your strengths and weaknesses. Self importance is demonstrated when trying to do everything yourself instead of operating from your strengths.
Leadership is an opportunity to serve. It is not a trumpet call to self-importance -J. Donald Walters
A man wrapped up in himself makes a very small parcel. -John Ruskin
Self-importance is man’s greatest enemy. What weakens him is feeling offended by the deeds and misdeeds of his fellow men. Self-importance requires that one spend most of one’s life offended by something or someone. –Don Juan
Questions to ask
- Today, what will keep my thoughts, actions and behaviors congruent?
- Am I doing what I say and saying what I mean?
- What are my strengths? Am I using them fully?
- How does gratitude, acknowledging, feedback, abundant, excellent and Intention relate to authenticity?
- What does authenticity feel like energetically? Notice it: experience that feeling.
To learn more about our Clarity words and using them to make a difference in your daily life, click HERE for a schedule of upcoming classes.


SOURCE: Yale Climate Connections
DATE: August 15, 2019
SNIP: A stubborn blue spot of cool ocean temperatures stands out like the proverbial sore thumb in a recent NASA image of the warming world – a circle of cool blue on a planet increasingly shaded in hot red.
A region of the North Atlantic south of Greenland has experienced some of its coldest temperatures on record in recent years, a cooling unprecedented in the past thousand years. What explains that anomaly?
Climatologist Michael Mann of Penn State University, in this month’s “This is Not Cool” video, explains that this phenomenon may be an indication that the North Atlantic current, part of a larger global ocean circulation, is slowing down.
Stefan Rahmstorf of the University of Potsdam, Germany, says this circulation – called the thermohaline circulation, but popularly known to many in the U.S. as “the Gulf Stream” – keeps northern Europe several degrees warmer than it would otherwise be at that latitude.
[T]he consequences of a shutdown would be serious for agriculture – and for temperate weather – in northern Europe.
“We are 50 to a hundred years ahead of schedule with the slowdown of this ocean circulation pattern, relative to the models,” according to Mann. “The more observations we get, the more sophisticated our models become, the more we’re learning that things can happen faster, and with a greater magnitude, than we predicted just years ago.”


We investigated whether adults with healthy vision can move their eyes toward an informative target area that is initially hidden by a gaze-contingent scotoma in the periphery when they are under time pressure. In the experimental task, participants had to perform an object-comparison task requiring a same-different judgment about two silhouettes. One silhouette was visible, whereas the other was hidden under the scotoma. Despite time pressure and the presence of the visible silhouette, most participants were able to move their eyes toward the informative region to reveal the hidden silhouette. Saccades to the hidden stimulus occurred when the visible stimulus was presented directly opposite in either fixed or variable locations and when the visible stimulus was presented at an adjacent location. Older participants were also able to perform this task. First saccades in the direction of the hidden stimulus had longer latencies compared with saccades toward the visible stimulus. This suggests the use of a deliberate, nonreflexive saccade strategy ("stop before you saccade"). A subset of participants occasionally made curved saccades that were aimed first toward the visible stimulus and then toward the hidden stimulus. We discuss the implications of our findings for patients who have a biological scotoma, for example, in macular degeneration.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Authors: Christian P. Janssen; Preeti Verghese
Publication: Journal of vision, Volume 15, Number 5, p.7 (2015)
Notes: Janssen, Christian P Verghese, Preeti R01 EY0222394/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ J Vis. 2015;15(5):7. doi: 10.1167/15.5.7.


Can We Trust the History Books We Read? THIS is a loaded question. First of all, know this. ALL history is written with a bias. Any author is going to bend, support, or omit information that will create a view or meet an agenda. At best, we can call it a “perspective”; at worst, “propaganda.”
National Author’s Day is dedicated to appreciating the writers who inspire, teach, and entertain us. So, what is an author? Why are they important? And how can their work profoundly impact our lives? Keep on reading to find out! Plus, learn more about the history behind National Author’s Day.
Writing a novel is no simple task, even for seasoned writers. In fact, many people fail to realize their favorite author took many years of fear and failure before completing their famous work of art. In this post, we’ll explain exactly what NaNoWriMo is and why it’s the perfect holiday to celebrate with your child.
Living books are a key component of the history journey for many learners. They provide "pictures of life" and can be the perfect way to round out your history studies. Along with including living history book suggestions in many of our products, we've rounded up some of the top living history book options here.
Newspapers. You’ve probably read one at some point in your life –– even if it was just to read the latest Peanuts comic strip! But what if we told you that by using the format of a newspaper, you could help your child better remember important topics within history?


A new satellite IoT solution from Wyld Networks makes it possible to deploy IoT applications in far-flung areas without the requirement for telecommunications infrastructure.
According to research by consultants McKinsey, the Internet of Things will only be able to increase the global GDP by $2–3 trillion over the next ten years because just 15% of the world’s surface can now access the internet.
Wyld Connect seeks to address this issue by enabling businesses and governments to utilise Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites to connect their IoT devices anywhere in the world. A new age of remote communication is reportedly beginning with Wyld Connect. For instance, data may be gathered for essential agriculture and environmental management and commodities and assets can be followed on land or at sea via global supply chains. Utility and energy businesses can monitor systems and equipment without spending money on time-consuming site visits.
The Internet of Things (IoT) connected by satellite is thought to be moving sharply higher. Wyld Networks’ satellite partners have launched low-earth orbiting satellite constellations, and more satellite launches are planned for 2023. As a result, data from anywhere is becoming a reality, from forestry management to soil monitoring for agriculture, to container tracking across oceans, to condition monitoring on remote pipelines.
While advancements in big data analytics are pushing the demand for additional data from sensors on the ground, organisations in the business sectors Wyld is targeting regard improving sustainability and operational efficiency as critical. Wyld hopes to meet the growing need for satellite Internet of Things (IoT), which Rethink IoT (RIoT) estimates will reach $5.9 billion in value by 2025.


Roar! Can you help baby T-rex find its mum? Travel back in time to play hide-and-seek, look behind the logs and under the rocks to find where all the dinosaurs are hiding!
Get to know a little T-rex, a baby Ankylosaurus and more of their friends. Just lift the flaps for a pop-up surprise! Read the lively rhymes for a fun story time book.
Follow the beautifully illustrated dinosaur escapade through the lands before time, as baby T-rex goes in search of mummy T-rex. There are many places to look and many other dinosaurs to find. Each one has its name written phonetically, so you and your child can sound them out together.
Babies and toddlers will be enchanted by finding the surprises behind each flap. This interactive book helps teach young children object permanence, which is an important step in childhood development. Turning the pages and moving the pop-ups help learn motor control for improved dexterity in toddlers.
This book has been designed as an all-round activity learning experience to get the most out of story time. Read the lively rhymes aloud and create an amusing story for your kids to follow and guess who is behind the flap! The rhymes and easy to read text help pre-schoolers remember the new words they are learning for early language development.
Bold, brightly coloured pictures, lift-the-flap pages, and entertaining rhymes. This book provides lots of opportunities for parent-and-child interaction and hours of dinosaur entertainment. It’s a fantastic gift for birthdays.
Inside the pages of this pop-up adventure book, you’ll find:
– Hands-on play that builds confident book skills
– Look-and-find peekaboo games that reward curiosity
– Rhythmic, read-aloud text that aids language development


134. Gas Station
1 min read
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A naive solution would be to try starting from each gas station and check if you can complete the circuit. For each gas station, calculate the remaining gas in the tank after traveling to the next station.
If the gas is not enough to travel to the next station, stop and try starting from the next gas station.
In this problem, we can use a greedy algorithm
We can keep track of the total gas and total cost while iterating through the gas stations.
If the total gas is greater than or equal to the total cost, it is guaranteed that there exists a solution.
class Solution: def canCompleteCircuit(self, gas, cost) -> int: total_gas = 0 total_cost = 0 star_idx = 0 current_gas = 0 for i in range(len(gas)): total_gas += gas[i] total_cost += cost[i] current_gas += gas[i] - cost[i] if current_gas < 0: star_idx = i + 1 current_gas = 0 return star_idx if total_gas >= total_cost else -1


February is National Heart Health Month
HAZARD, Ky. (WYMT) - Dr. John Jones with the Primary Care Centers of Eastern Kentucky said cardiovascular problems are the leading cause of death in the United States.
“Eastern Kentucky reflects the rest of the United States. Cardiovascular issues are the number one cause of death and cancer is number two,” said Jones.
He said it leads cancer and covid deaths. So, what can you do to ensure you are taking care of your heart?
“Really it comes down to less carbohydrates, less fat in your diet and more vegetables. Exercise is also integral in helping with heart health,” he added.
If you don’t know where to start. Jones said to make an appointment with your doctor to get more information on diet changes or exercise, and they will help come up with a plan best for you.
“Go to your family doctor. Have an evaluation. Blood work to check your cholesterol,” he said. “Then you can always have a stress test or more advanced testing just to make sure that you are in good heart health.”
If you think you are in great health but would like to focus on keeping your heart happy. He said you can never go wrong with getting your steps in each day.
“Even simple things like just getting in some cardio. Even if it’s just a brisk walk or a slow walk. Really just you know if you just increase the number of steps, you do a day. That’s why your fit bit and things like that have a step counter. 10,000 steps are kind of an optimal place for health,” he added.
National Heart Health Month is celebrated the entire month of February.
Copyright 2023 WYMT. All rights reserved.


What is Ultrasonic Phased Array?
Phased Array technology is the ability to modify electronically the acoustic probe characteristics. Probe modifications are performed by introducing time shifts in the signals sent to and received from individual elements of an array probe. Any Ultrasonic techniques for flaw detection and sizing can be applied using Phased-Array probes.
Phased Array provides high speed electronic scanning without moving parts, improved inspection capabilities through software control of beam characteristics, inspection with multiple angles with a single electronically controlled probe, many configurations; P/E, T/R, TOFD and Tandem, and greater flexibility for inspection of complex geometries (optimized focusing and optimised beam angle).
Phased Array can be used for the following applications; raw material production, aircraft, naval, power generation, petrochemical and anything else that currently applies pulse-echo testing.
What are the responsibilities of a individual who is certified to Ultrasonic PA Level 2?
An individual certified to UT PA Level 2 has demonstrated competence to perform NDT according to UT PA procedures. Within the scope of the competence defined on the certificate, Level 2 personnel may be authorised by the employer to:
- Select the UT PA technique for the test method to be used;
- Define the limitations of application of the testing method;
- Translate NDT codes, standards, specifications and procedures into NDT instructions adapted to the actual working conditions;
- Set up and verify equipment settings;
- Perform and supervise tests;
- Interpret and evaluate results according to applicable standards, codes, specifications or procedures;
- Prepare UT PA written instructions
- Carry out and supervise all tasks at or below level 2;
- Provide guidance for personnel at or below level 2, and
- Report the results of UT PA test


The UK Department of Chemistry and the UK Office for Institutional Diversity have arranged to make the film, Picture a Scientist, available for anyone in the University of Kentucky community to view.
“PICTURE A SCIENTIST chronicles the groundswell of researchers who are writing a new chapter for women scientists. Biologist Nancy Hopkins, chemist Raychelle Burks, and geologist Jane Willenbring lead viewers on a journey deep into their own experiences in the sciences, ranging from brutal harassment to years of subtle slights. Along the way, from cramped laboratories to spectacular field stations, we encounter scientific luminaries - including social scientists, neuroscientists, and psychologists - who provide new perspectives on how to make science itself more diverse, equitable, and open to all.”
Licensed viewers will be able to watch the film on the Vimeo streaming platform sometime between noon on Sunday, October 25, and noon on Wednesday, October 28. Registrations for the viewing must be requested by noon, Friday, Oct. 23.
The license to view the film is free to every member of the University Community, but you must register at https://chem.as.uky.edu/request-movie-license and provide your email address to receive your license, and you must enter your linkBlue ID and password to access this page.


Weaving together American history, dramatic family chronicle, and searing episodes of memoir, Annette Gordon-Reed's On Juneteenth provides a historian's view of the nation's long road to Juneteenth, recounting both its origins in Texas and the enormous hardships that African-Americans have endured in the century since, from Reconstruction through Jim Crow and beyond. All too aware of the stories of cowboys, ranchers, and oilmen that have long dominated the lore of the Lone Star State, Gordon-Reed—herself a Texas native and the descendant of enslaved people brought to Texas as early as the 1820s—forges a new and profoundly truthful narrative of her home state, one with implications for us all. Combining personal anecdotes with poignant facts gleaned from the annals of American history, Gordon-Reed shows how, from the earliest presence of Black people in Texas to the day in Galveston on June 19, 1865, when Major General Gordon Granger announced the end of legalized slavery in the state, AfricanAmericans played an integral role in the Texas story. Significantly, they shared the land with Indigenous people who faced their own conflicts with EuropeanAmericans, creating a volatile racial tableau whose legacies still haunt usReworking the traditional "Alamo" framework, she shows how the contentious history of the Lone Star State can provide us with a fresh and illuminating perspective on our country's past and its possible futures. In its concision, eloquence, and clear presentation of history, On Juneteenthvitally revises conventional renderings of Texas and national history. As our nation verges on recognizing June 19 as a national holiday, On Juneteenth is both an essential account and a stark reminder that the fight for equality is exigent and ongoing.
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Wisconsin's Digital Library is a project of the Wisconsin Public Library Consortium (WPLC), with funding from Wisconsin Public Libraries and Public Library Systems. Additional support is provided by Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds awarded to the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction by the Federal Institute of Museum and Library Services


Program for Kids With Learning Problems, Writing Literacy and Dyslexia
Problems with reading and writing skills are becoming more common and they affect not only school performance, but the possibility of future professional development. Most children receive tutoring, supervised studies, and some have been switched from school to a specialist to deal with their difficulties
How can we help these children and young people?
For the development of these skills, a therapeutic-multisensory program is needed that covers the skills necessary for reading and writing mastery, which are as follows:
- Tomatis Hearing Therapy®
- Lindamood Bell Program
- Auditory Processing Program
- Visual Processing
- Vestibular Processing
- Critical Thinking Skills
- Narrative Skills
- Writing Skills
- Brain Gym®
- Increases reading fluency.
- It increases understanding of what you read.
- Properly answer storytelling questions in oral and written form.
- Formulate sprayers written unaided.
- Write paragraphs (according to your age).
- Analyse stories
- Reduces errors when reading and writing.
- It discriminates sounds by increasing their execution in dictations.
- Increases description skill (provides details of what you read).
- Writing of thematic writings or essays.


The History of HHT
First described in 1865...
by B.G. Babington, MD in The Lancet medical journal, it was many years before this disorder was officially recognized.
Citation: Babington BG. Hereditary epistaxis. The Lancet. 1865;86(2195):362-363. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)55197-7
HHT was originally known as Osler-Weber-Rendu after three scientists who described
the disorder in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term is still used today.
Osler, Weber, and Rendu
Sir William Osler M.D. (1849-1919) was a Canadian physician, the first Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins, and one of the founders of Johns Hopkins Hospital. He differentiated HHT from hemophilia because the patients did not bleed profusely from lacerations, an important distinction that identifies HHT as a single entity (not part of hemophilia). Osler described two new familial cases of HHT, initially establishing that this disorder is passed down through generations.
Dr. Frederick Parkes Weber, M.D. (1863 - 1962), followed in his fathers footsteps, earning his medical degree at Cambridge in 1892. He was instrumental in describing Sturge - Weber Syndrome and Weber - Cockayne Syndrome. By the time of his death he had written over 1,200 medical articles.
Henri Jules Louis Marie Rendu (1844-1902) was a French physician. Rendu observed the skin and mucosal lesions and in 1896 distinguished HHT as a disorder separate from hemophilia.


What we see on these pictures is the latest development in terms of quantum computation by the team of IBM Research . The company’s scientists announce such a big step that could mean that in a space of 10 years both companies and households to implement the technology .
The response to this announcement gives us the qubits . A qubit is the quantum system with two eigenstates, a system that can only be described by quantum mechanics. To perform quantum computation has to be able to securely store this system.
And here’s the problem, since the qubits are elusive because of the systems known as quantum decoherence, the phenomenon whereby quantum particles form larger bodies that behave classically.
To do this, since IBM has created a high-qubit coherence 3D able to maintain state for up to 100 microseconds (0.1 milliseconds). That is, stable enough for engineers to change their approach to increasing the number of qubits needed to create a quantum computer logic.
The first experiment created a 3-qubit chip using conventional semiconductor manufacturing that were then used to perform logical operations with a success rate of 95%.
We speak of unprecedented success results in quantum computers, with the creation of qubits high stability and with which the company expects to open a new path towards the construction of multi-qubit chip.
According to IBM, we are in a time that within 10 years quantum computers become part of ordinary life. :
This is important when you consider that 250 qubits would be able to store more bits of information that atoms in the universe. We are talking about a performance of a supercomputer on a single chip.


A question Singapore residents often ask themselves is: what happens to the trash I put in the blue recycling bins below my housing block? Does it really get recycled?
To find out, Eco-Business followed one of the large recycling trucks that collects trash from those bins, and was led to a materials recovery facility owned by Sembcorp. The firm is one of four in Singapore that collects public waste.
At the facility, the blue bins are emptied and the contents separated and sorted into recyclables and non-recyclables. Singapore residents are not the most conscientious recyclers, it seems—non-recyclables such as diapers, pillows, and soft toys are tossed in along with recyclables.
The sorting process consists of several stages—pulling plastic bags apart that contain the trash; picking out the metal items; separating paper from bulky items; and lastly, compacting and binding all sorted recyclables into bales. These huge bundles of recyclable trash are then shipped overseas.
Non-recyclables are sent to the incineration plant, where energy is generated from burning the waste. An average of 440 kilowatt-hour of energy can be generated from one tonne of waste. This amounts to 1.2 terawatt-hours of power annually, and provides between 2 to 3 per cent of Singapore’s electricity consumption.
Sorting however, is a dirty job. Often, trash is trucked in drenched in food waste and other fluids. Contaminated items cannot be recycled—and 40 per cent of the items received at the facility are not recycled as a result.
Singapore’s low recycling rate—just 6 per cent of the plastic waste generated last year was recycled—needs to improve in order to manage the island-nation’s massive waste problem. The country’s only landfill site, Semakau Island, is expected to be full by 2035. Perhaps by then the country will be able to recycle 100 per cent of the items sent to its recycling facilities.
Watch our video for an inside look at how Singapore’s trash is managed.
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This page gives you an opportunity to practice verb conjugations for free. Choose a language to start.
Learning the verb conjugations is one of the hardest things of any language. Verbs are a very complex element of the language because they describe what is happening. They express not only the action, but also the person who performs the action, as well as the time at which the action is carried out.
That's why it's good to have an effective tool that allows you to practice verb conjugations quickly and easily. That's why we've decided to create this page where you can practice free verb conjugations in several languages.
It works very simply. First you choose one of the foreign languages in which you want to practice verb conjugations. Then you choose the type of tense you want to practice. There is only one type available in English, which is the irregular verbs in English. In other languages, you can select one or more types of tenses by clicking on them.
Then you choose the verbs you want to practice, and the system will prepare you a series of exercises in which you will pass all forms of selected words for all persons in the chosen tenses. The exercises that you fill in wrongly will be remembered by the system and at the end you will repeat them.
After you fill in a verb on the keyboard, press the Enter key to move to the next verb. If you press Enter twice in a row, the system will skip to the next verb whether your answer is correct or not.


Have you noticed the steady decline of traditional spamming in the past few years? The lowered levels have come about because the Internet has developed along with current technologies to make the z a safer place, one that is more and more difficult for spammers to navigate. However, spammers are notorious for creatively adapting to change. First, we’ll look at why traditional mass spamming has declined. Secondly, we’ll consider how spamming might change to keep in front of recent Internet security updates.Profitability The amount of money that could be made in 1997 with traditional mass spamming is nowhere near the amount that can be made today. Because of current Internet security updates, spammers have to pay for more hardware and work for a greater amount of time to accomplish the same amount of spamming that could easily be done with one machine on one server a little over a decade ago. Someone looking to make money would do better getting a minimum wage job than they would with classic spamming. Even though the present shape of the Internet has made spamming more expensive than it is worth, spammers are known for creatively adapting to change. How will spammers evolve to survive a more secure Internet? Smart Spam Spammers are getting creative. In 1997, traditional spamming was sending out mass emails to millions of accounts. With the improvement of spam filters, this method is no longer viable. Instead, spammers are incorporating their skills with hacking techniques. Spammers now hack legitimate email accounts and send their message from them in lower volume. This form of spamming is also adapting to new connectivity outlets, such as social media. Recently, the twitter account of actor Simon Pegg was hacked, and 1 million of his followers were sent a link to a Trojan virus. While new technologies will de developed to help protect honest Internet users, the best protection is awareness. Use caution when following a link from an email, even if it comes from a trusted account. Being aware of suspicious messages and unusual links can help keep you safe from crafty spammers. For additional information and more detailed tips, take a look at this article.
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ECHO offers many species and varieties of underutilized food plants likely to grow well under difficult growing conditions. Many of these species may be new to you - we are here to help you choose the species that will best suit your needs and your area.
Always begin with your local surroundings - this is the best place to start! Observe the crops that are growing locally, those sold in the food markets, or those that your community members grew in the past. Use this as a guide to evaluating plants with similar requirements. ECHO encourages study, experimentation, and cooperation with local/national agricultural organizations prior to establishing any large-scale plantings.
Here you will find several resources and suggestions to help you in the decision making process. ECHO has several documents that are helpful as an introduction to plant and seed selection for agricultural development. We encourage you to read these helpful materials to help gain perspective and avoid some of the common pitfalls.
NOTE: Beyond avoiding the risk of total planting failure, small trials allow you to evaluate the "weed potential" of certain species in your area. Watch the planting carefully the first few seasons to make sure it is not likely to become a problem plant. Unfortunately, one definition of a weed, "plants which thrive under stressed conditions, often with high seed production," fits some of the plants in ECHO's seed bank. We are very aware of this risk and have in fact eliminated certain species from our seed bank when the danger of introducing a weed seemed too great. However, hardy plants which can establish themselves may be a great blessing in many situations; for example, it is difficult to imagine a tree which could become a pest in certain areas of Africa or Haiti with severe fuelwood shortages. Sending out only small trial packets of seed is another safeguard against introducing a weed, as too-aggressive plants may be identified and controlled easily in a small area. Finally, remember that the plants in ECHO's seed bank are commonly accepted food plants somewhere in the world, even if very localized. In this, too, there is a measure of safety as we can all learn and benefit from the years of plant selection by people in other parts of the world.
Selecting the Best Plants for the Tropical Subsistence Farm
Introducing New Seeds Overseas
Introducing a New Fruit Crop


|How to Keep Your Cool|
|How to Keep Your Cool
This tips sheet is designed to be printed and kept in your vehicle's glove compartment. It provides information to help you choose when and whether to retrofit a vehicle air conditioner from CFC-12 to another refrigerant. The text from the tips sheet is provided here, but you may also either download and print the PDF version or call the hotline to order a paper copy.
Air conditioners in most motor vehicles manufactured before 1994 use a refrigerant called CFC-12, which is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). CFCs damage the ozone layer, which protects the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. As a result, the United States and all other developed nations have agreed under an international treaty to ban the production of CFCs. While this ban does not mean you have to replace your air conditioner's refrigerant, you may want to discuss this option with your service technician if your air conditioner needs repairs. To accommodate an alternative refrigerant, your air conditioning system must be adapted or retrofitted. It may be more cost-effective to retrofit in conjunction with routine maintenance. You can ask your service technician the following questions to determine if your car uses CFC-12, and what you can do about it:
Does my air conditioner currently use CFC-12? Can you repair my air conditioner and recharge it with CFC-12?
How much will it cost if I choose to stay with CFC-12, now and in the future?
If I decide to change refrigerants, what other refrigerants are available?
What is involved in retrofitting my car?
How much will retrofitting my car cost, now and in the future?
Will a retrofit affect the performance of my air conditioning system?
If I need to repair the system in the future, will I be able to find the same refrigerant I used to replace the CFC-12?
All service technicians handling air conditioner refrigerants must be certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and should be able to answer all of your air conditioner repair questions. See below for more information on the connection between CFCs and the environment.


Chelating is the chemical process by which a mineral (iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, and manganese) is combined with a mixture of amino acids and peptides. The resulting substances are known as chelates. These Amino chelated minerals are thought to be more digestible than nonchelated forms.
These amino Chelated trace minerals are basically formed by the reaction of micro (trace) minerals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co) or macro minerals (Mg, Ca) to an amino acid in a 1:1 molar ratio. This process helps protect the metal from being tied up by antagonisms (Fe, Mo, S) during digestion and allows for the metal to remain part of this organic molecule as it is absorbed primarily in the jejunal area of the small intestine.Request A Quote
Trace minerals are required in very small amounts in the diet and their uptake from the digestive tract can be impaired by other dietary components or the presence of ‘antagonists’. Foe an instance, availability of copper for absorption is heavily influenced by molybdenum, Sulphur and iron. Natural feed stuffs such as corn, wheat, soybean meal, etc. contain essential trace elements, which are required by animals. However, these trace elements are often in a form which renders them unavailable to the animal. In many cases, they would not be in adequate concentrations to meet the animal’s requirement. Therefore, when deficiencies of one or more of the trace mineral elements exist in a diet, they are usually provided to the animal in an Amino acid chelated form. It is advantageous to have knowledge about bioavailability of any element in the natural feed ingredient or mineral source used as a dietary supplement.


Target: Compose Full Narrative Texts
Write full narrative texts using a complete writing process demonstrating narrative strategies,
structures, and transitional strategies for coherence, closure, and authors craftall appropriate to
purpose (writing a speech; style or point of view in a short story).
For this assignment, you will be creating a short story following the guidelines
Option 1- Short story
Must include a mixture of narration and dialogue (no specific amount of either)
Must include two original characters
Genre and topic are completely up to the writer (school appropriate)
Should be interesting
Must include a plot outline (identify when the rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution begin)
Should include proper spelling and grammar
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Support Northern Colorado Journalism
Show your support for North Forty News by helping us produce more content. It's a kind and simple gesture that will help us continue to bring more content to you.Click to Donate
Every year I look forward to Daylight Saving Time (DST). I know most people don’t like losing an hour of sleep, but for me, having more daylight during my waking hours means it’s about to warm up!
It begs the question, however, why? I remember hearing about recent legislation in Colorado to end DST. Surprisingly, less than half of the US uses DST (only 19 states)!
According to TimeAndDate.com, DST started first in Canada in 1908. Germany popularized it in 1916, then within a few weeks, the United Kingdom and many other countries followed.
DST is used in countries worldwide; the time adjustment affects over a billion people.
It’s tough to find a clear answer about why DST is so popular. Many people say it helps conserve energy because households need fewer hours of energy lights on at night. Others say it helps farmers, giving them an extra hour of daylight to work the fields.
I guess it all comes down to this — since 1918, Colorado has practiced DST, and it’s just a part of our lives.
For me, it means more time outside, and I love being outdoors. Spring Forward!


This dataset includes boundaries for unified school district boundaries within the state of Wisconsin. By law, all territory in the state must be included within a public school district. The US Census Bureau identifies three types of school districts. Unified school districts serve children of all grade levels, Elementary primarily serve students in the elementary grades, and Secondary primarily serve children in grades 9-12. Out of 422 school districts in Wisconsin, 368 are considered unified districts.This layer is an aggregate of county-submitted data for school district boundaries.Each year, there is a chance for reorganizations to take place that either transfer territory between school districts or consolidate/dissolve/create districts. These reorganizations go into effect on July 1st of each year. In 2018, there were twelve (12) reorganizations that involved unified school districts. The reorganizations took place in Dane, Fond du Lac, Iron, Iowa, La, Crosse, Polk, St. Croix, and Washington counties. Transfers of territory took place between the following pairs of districts:Turtle Lake and Amery; Hurley (unified) and Lakeland UHS (secondary) / North Lakeland (elementary); West Salem and La Crosse; Waupun and Rosendale-Brandon; Middleton Cross-Plains and Madison Metropolitan; Osceola and Somerset; Mineral Point and PecatonicaPlease refer to the property transfer logfor more information.


Robotic Microswarm: The Hands-Free Solution for Automated Tooth Brushing and Flossing
Scientists have created microrobots that can automatically brush and floss your teeth
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have demonstrated, in a proof of concept study, that a hands free device can successfully automate treatment and removal of bacteria and dental plaque that causes tooth decay.
A shape-shifting robot microswarm could be used as a toothbrush and dental floss in the future. This technology was developed by a team of multidisciplinary experts at the University of Pennsylvania. It could provide a new automated way to perform the daily, repetitive, but vital task of brushing teeth and flossing. This system is a great help for people who don’t have the manual dexterity necessary to clean their teeth properly.
These microrobots consist of iron oxide nanoparticles that have catalytic and magnet properties. Researchers controlled their configuration and movement using a magnet field. They could either create bristle-like structure that removed dental plaque from wide surfaces of the teeth, or elongated filaments that slide between teeth similar to floss. The nanoparticles in both cases are propelled by a catalytic process that releases antimicrobials to eliminate harmful bacteria.
Scientists Have Created Microrobots That Can Automatically Brush and Floss Your Teeth


“I know that I know nothing.”
This often attributed quote to Socrates suggests that ultimate wisdom is in realizing you know nothing.
The only problem is that Socrates never actually said that.
Plato chronicled the teaching of Socrates and he is the one that claims Socrates uttered those words but there is no evidence that he ever did. There is evidence that at least twice Socrates is recorded as specifically claiming that he did know something.
What Socrates did say, in The Apology, is “…that what I do not know I do not think I know…” He is claiming that an advantage in wisdom goes to those who do not pretend to know what they do not.
Socrates knew many things, as do you and I. Absurdio reduction is the reduction of an idea to the absurd, and thinking that claiming to know nothing makes you wise is such a statement.
Francis Bacon, a contemporary of Shakespeare, is considered by many historians as the last person to know “everything.” That is to say he understood all of the known knowledge of his time. Exploration, discovery and progress in all fields of study have made it impossible for any man or woman since to have a grasp of all that is known.
Wise people know that regardless of how much they have learned, there is still much they can learn (and that they can’t know everything). What they have learned seems minuscule compared to all that is known.
Knowing what you really know and what you don’t know is the beginning of wisdom. And realizing that there is always something new to learn and know will keep you on the path.
Mark Sanborn is a bestselling author and acclaimed leadership keynote speaker. For more information about his services, visit www.marksanborn.com.


Telescope spots never-before-seen asteroids, comets roaming space
Worried about Earth-threatening asteroids?
One of NASA’s newest space telescopes has spotted 25,000 never-before-seen asteroids in just six months.
Ninety-five of those are considered “near Earth,” but in the language of astronomy, that means within 30 million miles. Lucky for us, none poses any threat to Earth anytime soon.
Called WISE for Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the telescope completes its first full scan of the sky tomorrow and then begins another round of imaging.
What is special about WISE is its ability to see through impenetrable veils of dust, picking up the heat glow of objects that are invisible to regular telescopes.
“Most telescopes focus on the hottest and brightest objects in the universe,” said Richard Binzel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “WISE is especially sensitive to seeing what’s cool and dark, what you could call the stealth objects of the universe.”
Mission team members are elated with the discoveries of the $320 million project, which launched in December. By the end of the year, researchers expect to have a cosmic census of millions of newfound objects that should help answer questions about how planets, stars and galaxies form.
Besides all those asteroids, WISE also has sighted 15 new comets. It has spied hundreds of potential brown dwarfs — stellar objects that are bigger than a planet but much smaller than a star — and confirmed the existence of 20 of them, including some of the coldest ever known.
The telescope also detected what is thought to be an ultraluminous galaxy, more than 10 billion light years away and formed from other colliding galaxies.
“We’re filling in the blanks on everything in the universe from near-Earth objects to forming galaxies,” said project scientist Peter Eisenhardt of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managing the mission. “There’s quite a zoo.”


ISO 14001 was developed to provide a management system to help organisations reduce their environmental impact. ISO 14001 Certification is the internationally recognised standard for the environmental management of businesses. It specifies important requirements to help you identify, control and monitor the impacts your business has on the environment. ISO 14001 also provides a structure to assist you identify legal compliance, reduce waste and pollution and keep improving.
ISO 14001 is a tool that enables organisations to meet their environmental obligations and communicate to customers that true environmental improvements are being achieved. with the alarm of global warming and its consequence the human society has become serious about the ecology and its preservation. ISO 14001 EMS helps to maintain the Environment around us, by following certain management standards. Companies adopting ISO 14001 EMS are well placed against their competitors and are duly recognized at the global level.
Reducing harmful effects on the environment.
Providing evidence of continual improvement of Environmental Management.
This independently certified award demonstrates a firm grasp on environmental legislation, a reduced environmental risk and a commitment to continually improving your business.
A well-defined environmental management system is essential for an organization to manage environmental aspects like emission and handling of waste. It is important for the efficient utilization of resources and energy. Some of the benefits of the ISO 14001 certification are:
Environmental legal liability.
Reduction in insurance premiums; waste handling costs; water and air permitting fees.
Improved corporate image; strategic investment; improved regulatory relations.
Evaluates system performance through management review and correct management system deficiencies.
Protection of the environment.
Creating marketing opportunities.
Possible new products or services.
Improved pro-active community image.
Demonstrated compliance with legal requirements.
Improved Management Focus.
Provides clear guidance on company requirements
ISO 14001 is a universal standard suitable for large and small businesses in any sector. Because it doesn't set specific environmental performance requirements, it can be used by companies at all stages of environmental management.


La Niña Ready Nations (LNRNs): What is a La Niña Ready Nation?
A La Niña Ready Nation would be a nation that expects and prepares for extreme impacts during La Niña of weather, water and climate related hazards normally associated with ENSO-Neutral.
This anomalous wind regime is responsible for anomalies in sea surface temperature; above average in the western Pacific and below average in the eastern Pacific. In accordance with the shifts in sea surface temperature, rainfall will be relatively higher in the western Pacific and relatively lower in the eastern Pacific. During La Niña, the deviations of sea surface temperature and rainfall from normal are generally less dramatic than the deviations that occur during El Niño.
See other El Niño Ready Projects:
|El Niño Ready Nations (ENRNs)|
El Niño Ready Nations (ENRNs) website was designed as a place where decision makers and end users can get relevant, up-to-date information about El Niño impacts that may affect them.
|El Niño Ready Cities (ENRCs)
El Niño Ready Cities (ENRCs) is a concept idea to help create even more localized information than ENRNs to cities by helping them better approach difficulties in preparing for an El Niño episode.


Food Sharing Table at LHS
Logan High School
Good Food Is Not Trash! Logan High School now has a Food Sharing Table to help reduce food waste!
What is a Food Sharing Table?
The Food Sharing Table is a designated space where students can place unopened food and drinks that they choose not to eat or drink during school meals, providing an opportunity for other students to take additional helpings of food that would otherwise be thrown away.
How Does the Food Sharing Table Work?
It’s simple! All students must take unopened unwanted food and drink to the Food Sharing Table immediately after leaving the serving line or when they are finished eating. If a student is still hungry after finishing their meal, they may pick-up items from the Food Sharing Table at no additional cost to them.
No hot foods or items from home can be placed on the food sharing table. Packaged food and drinks or items with a peel only. All cold packaged items such as milk, juice, yogurt and cheese sticks go in the cooler.
Why is the Food Sharing Table Important?
Nationally, about 40% of edible food is wasted, while at the same time 41 Million Americans are hungry or food insecure including 13 Million children. Having a food share table helps to provide food to those who need it, reduces food waste and prevents good food from going to the landfill. When food ends up in landfills it causes harm to the environment by producing methane
gas. Many scientists believe if we place too many of these gases in our environment it can potentially cause the temperature on earth to rise to abnormal levels.
To learn more about food waste and its impact on the environment please visit:
Food Waste and the Environmental Impact


Communication devices can be used to support the communication needs of people who experience difficulties producing speech or written communication.
They may be particularly helpful for people who live with conditions like cerebral palsy, motor neuron disease, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, stroke or autism.
There are many types of devices available. Some are low-tech, such as communication boards or books. More high-tech devices include speech-generating devices that translate words or pictures into speech.
Geneva Tino lives with cerebral palsy and is non-verbal. She uses a computerised device to communicate. Geneva has completed a Bachelor of Communication Studies and is studying Te Reo Maori. She won the supreme prize at the Attitude Awards in Auckland 2017.
Contact your NASC provider if you think a communication device – or other assistive technology – could support you to live more independently.
You can also contact TalkLink. TalkLink works with people of all ages who have difficulties speaking, writing and learning because of a disability. They provide services throughout New Zealand. Visit the TalkLink website to find out about the services they provide, and to complete a referral form.
Learn more about other types of assistive or adaptive technology
Visit the Whaikaha – Ministry of Disabled People to learn about equipment for disabled people.
Visit the Ministry of Education website to learn about assistive technology for learning.
Visit Mobility Centre Store for a range of mobility equipment and daily living aids to support independent living.
Hearing Therapy provides information about assistive listening devices, including funding options, for people living with a hearing impairment. This includes items like amplified telephones, smoke alarms and other alerting equipment.
If you have vision impairment and you need adaptive equipment or help with technology and computers, you may be able to get support from the Blind Foundation.
Lottery grants for Individuals with Disabilities can be used to fund equipment that enables people to take part in and connect with their communities. This can include assistance dogs, communication equipment, vehicles, vehicle modifications, scooters and other mobility equipment.
Read our articles about making an accessible home and workplace modifications.
- The Attitude Trust is funding Geneva to attend a conference about computer-assisted communication in Brisbane this July – where she will give a presentation and learn more about her goal of having Te Reo and a Kiwi accent for Kiwi users of assistive communication devices.


StringPulse provides guitar lessons. But before we tell you about StringPulse, did you know that there are several benefits for kids who learn to play a musical instrument ?
- Kids who study music from an early age can do better when it comes to school. They tend to have larger vocabularies and more advanced reading skills than their peers who do not participate in music lessons.
- Children who play music learn hard work, practice and discipline from playing.
- Playing a musical instrument helps develop kids’ creative thinking and motor skills.
- Music helps kids become more active listeners.
- In the past, secondary students who took part in a music group at school reported the lowest lifetime and current use of all substances (tobacco, alcohol, and drugs).
These are just a few examples of the many benefits that you children can get from learning how to play a musical instrument. StringPulse provides guitar lessons.
There are several things that can be learnt. We teach technique:
- proper use of hand and fingers
- various techniques
- balance between hands
- finger placement
- scales etc.
We also teach rhythm, theory and musical application. What we teach is more than just music, more than just a guitar lesson. Join us as we educate this worlds future.


It truly cannot be overstated just how dangerous the job of a construction worker is. Every job comes with some risk of injury, but there are few jobs in which the risk of injury is so great considering how many elements are beyond the workers’ control. Construction workers are required in many instances to work at incredible heights with very few safety features to prevent them from falling. Additionally, construction workers must use massive equipment at these extreme heights, and these elements can add up to a dangerous accident.
Such an accident occurred last year in Chicago, when a large I-beam collapsed and fell 20 feet. Two workers were on the beam as it plummeted to the ground, and two others were struck by it. Exactly what caused the accident is still unknown, though OSHA is expected to make a final decision shortly. All four workers fortunately survived, and they are now suing the project’s developers and engineers.
This just further illustrates the risks of construction work. It is already dangerous enough to be working with heavy tools 20 feet in the air or higher, but because of the very nature of construction work, the structures themselves are not even sound. This is why workers’ compensation benefits are so important for construction workers.
While this accident happened in Chicago, New York construction workers find themselves in similar situations all the time. It doesn’t take much for a freak accident like a collapsing beam to seriously injure construction workers, and on top of the unexpected medical bills, workers will not be able to go to work to provide for their families. Construction workers who are injured on the job are encouraged to speak with an attorney about their circumstances in order to get the maximum amount of compensation they deserve.
Source: Chicago Sun Times, “Four workers hurt in accident at Loop construction s


5 Hindu Temples to Explore in Sri Lanka
Checkout places to visit in Sri Lanka
An island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean southwest of the Bay of Bengal and southeast of the Arabian Sea. It is geographically separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. Sri Lanka's documented history spans 3,000 years, with evidence of prehistoric human settlements dating back at least 125,000 years.
Hindu Temples by destination
Top Trips and Tours in Sri Lanka
Tours and activities in Sri Lanka that might be of interest to you
Hindu Temples to Explore in Sri Lanka
Delft island is also known as Neduntheevu among locals. It's in the Palk Strait, northern Sri Lanka. The island has a 1,000-year-old temple on its west coast and remains of a Dutch fort.
Nallur Kovil is a Hindu temple in Nallur, Northern Province, Sri Lanka. The temple was built in 1735, and it’s considered as one of the most important Hindu temples in Sri Lanka, the presiding deity is Lord Murugan.
This temple is a famous regional Hindu temple complex in Sri Lanka. It has been in existence at least since 1000 CE. The complex has a collection of five temples, including a Buddhist temple.
The Hindu temple complex from medieval time in Trincomalee, a Hindu religious pilgrimage destination in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka. The Earliest records say it was constructed back in 6th century BC. However, it underwent restorations, and the last one was in the 1950s due to the destruction from colonial religious attacks between 1622 and 1624.


presented by Chen Yang
It is very simple to make assumptions in our daily life. We often do it unintendedly. But what is an assumption actually? Some state it to be an implicit design decision and its reasons. Others call it the unknowns, or the expectations in decision making. Also practitioners give it different meanings. In this paper, they call it 1) architectural knowledge which is 2) taken for granted or accepted as true, and is 3) without evidence.
To study the concept, they performed a exporatory multi-case study in two countries, focusing on “how do architects perceive architectural assumptions”, and the benefits of keeping track of them. They studied 24 cases (read architects). Data collection has been performed via questionaires to get background and a global understanding, and interviews and focus groups to study the research questions.
It turns out that assumptions are often made in development, spanning the whole lifecycle. In documentation there is a lack of usage, also because the term is unclear. Also, assumptions are intertwined with certain types of software artifacts, and subjective to the context of the project. Something interesting is that assumptions can change over time, which makes it even harder to grasp.
So, there is a clear need to manage them. But how? They identified twelve architectural assumptions management activities and nine practices used for five activities, such as brainstorming for assumption making, evualating assumptions in architectural evaluation. Tool support hardy exist: Word, Excel and Enterprise Architecture are being used, but those are very generic, and offer no real support.
They concluded with eight challenges that need to be tackeld, including getting a better understanding of assumptions and to add systematic approaches and dedicated tools to support the architect in assumption management. Additionally, they give four benefits, such as awareness and facilitating handover.


A. Lowen et al., “Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature,” PLoS Pathogens, 3(10): e151. (Cited 71 times)
The reason why more people get the flu during colder months has long been a mystery. To investigate the role of weather conditions on flu transmission, researchers at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York exposed guinea pigs to an H3N2 strand of the influenza virus. They then subjected the pigs to variations in temperature and humidity and found that aerosol transmission of influenza depends on low temperatures and low relative humidity, which they suggest help the virus travel through the nasal passage and linger in the air—thus explaining its winter peak.
Trying to understand influenza’s distinct seasonality has been a real problem, says Eddie Holmes, an evolutionary biologist at Pennsylvania State University....
Mice have been the common model for influenza studies, yet they do not actually contract or transmit the virus. A breakthrough came in 2006, when Anice Lowen and her colleagues tested guinea pigs and found they were highly susceptible to the virus. (Proc Natl Acad Sci, 103:9988–92, 2006). “It’s rewarding to give something to the field that others can make use of,” Lowen says.
The researchers are currently repeating this same methodology with the H1N1 virus, trying to understand its rather unusual seasonality—a spring outbreak, low-level spread through the summer, and early epidemic in the fall.
|Americans Sick with Flu, Avg U.S. Monthly Temp (°C):|
|Sources: Gallup Poll and National Climatic Data Center|


Some assembly required. These dreaded words are frequently found on the packaging of many weekend projects. Whether it is assembling a desk for that new pandemic home office or building the new BBQ grill you received as a Father’s Day gift, we always hope that all of the parts are included and that they fit together as expected.
When it comes to gearing, there is a misnomer that in order to design the best gear system you must use the most precise gears. However, even if the gear is produced with high accuracy, if the gear is not mounted properly, it is not possible to avoid the problems of bad tooth contact: noise, wear, and breakage.
One of the errors that can occur in assembly of gear pairs occurs with the center distance. Errors occurring with the center distance of two gears directly influence the backlash of the gear mesh. If the center distance value is increased, then the backlash value is increased. As a result of this increased center distance, the gear teeth cannot mesh deeply enough into each other, and the contact ratio decreases. If the center distance value is decreased, then the backlash value also decreases. If the backlash decreases too much, the gears’ ability to rotate is inhibited. Table 1 shows the center distance tolerances for spur and helical gears. The tolerance values in this table are quoted from JGMA 1101-01 (2000) and are applicable for involute spur and helical gears that are made from steel.
Another error that can occur in assembly of gear systems occurs with the axial parallelism of the pair. The accuracy of two parallel axis gears is composed of the parallelism error and shaft offset error. These errors influence the tooth contact in the tooth trace direction. They may also result in bad tooth contact occurring at the tip of tooth width. Any increase of these errors results in the decreasing the backlash and will cause both noise and tooth breakage. Tables 2 and 3 detail the shaft parallelism error tolerances and the offset error tolerances for spur and helical gears, as detailed in JGMA 1102-01 (2000). Figure 1 details the location of these tolerances.
Being aware of the different tolerances during assembly is necessary and will allow the gears to perform as designed. Setting the gears at the proper center distance and axial alignment will help to maintain the proper backlash and the desired tooth contact. With these two factors in check, the gear system will exhibit minimal noise and will achieve the designed gear life.


This site has been a sacred site since ancient Roman times in Spain. It was a Roman Temple to the goddess Janus who was the double headed goddess. Next it was converted to a Christian church dedicated to St. Vincent in 500 CE. The next historical step is when it became a mosque in 785 when the Moors conquered Spain. In the 15 C a cathedral was built in the middle of the mosque on the very spot where St. Vincent, the early Christian Church was standing.
If you are interested in sacred architecture, please do take a few minutes to watch the video taken by a walker of the church inside the mosque! You won’t be disappointed!
MOSQUE AT CÓRDOBA, SPAIN
Córdoba was the capital of the Spanish Muslim dynasty of the Ummayads (756-1031). The Great Mosque of Córdoba (La Mezquita) was founded 785 CE. It was added to and expanded over the next two hundred years to make it the third largest structure in the Islamic world.
The prayer hall (23,400 square meters) is filled with almost 500 hundred slender columns and superimposed striped arches; a forest sprouting from the marble floor.
Previously the site had been occupied by a Christian church dedicated to Saint Vincent that had been built by the Visigoths around 500 CE. Before that, when Córdoba was a provincial capital in the Roman Empire, the site was occupied by a temple dedicated to Janus, the double-headed god of doorways and gates.
Aerial view of the exterior of the mosque and cathedral
When Córdoba was captured by the Christian Spanish king of Castile, Ferdinand III, in the 13th century, the mosque reverted to a Christian sanctuary. Then in 1523, the local clergy, with the support of Emperor Charles V, built a cathedral in the middle of the mosque (see panoramic view of the city of Córdoba with the mosque and cathedral).
- David Gilmour, Cities of Spain, London: John Murray, 1992.
The only other similar sacred place that I have heard of is the Temple Mount in Jerusalem which we hear in the news. It, too, has long and varied use as sacred architecture for Judaism, Greco-Roman paganism, Christianity, and Islam. If you know of other similar historic places, please let me know.


What Countries are in Eastern Europe?
The term Eastern Europe in itself is an ambiguous one and is defined differently in different contexts. Geographically speaking, Eastern Europe consists of all the countries that are located on the eastern side of the continent. This, however, is not a physical division (with no physical relief dividing Eastern and Western Europe) and the term remains quite ambiguous. There are also many differences of opinion about the inclusion of Russia and Turkey in Europe.
Most of the references to Eastern Europe date back to the Cold War with the Iron Curtain dividing the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc from the US-dominated Western Bloc. This was a time of political tensions with the Western Bloc aligning with the US and the Eastern Bloc aligning with the former Soviet Union and its communist ideologies. The USSR started to place economic and military restrictions keeping the Eastern Bloc from interacting with the countries in the Western Bloc. The tensions continued for many years until finally ending with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
In the context of the current geopolitical scenario, we can consider the United Nations Eastern Europe Group as a reliable guideline that helps us identify the countries included in Eastern Europe. This is not an official division but is an unofficial grouping – The Eastern European Group (EEG) – that allows member nations to act as a voting bloc. This grouping includes 23 nations, out of which three – Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia – are physically in Asia. The countries are –
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Czechia (Czech Republic)
- Republic of Moldova
- Russian Federation
- The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
1. We consider Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia as Asian countries, thus we have not included them in the map
2. We consider Greece as a Southern European country, hence it is not included in the map
3. Turkey is a trans-continental country with only a minor part in Europe hence we do not consider it an Eastern European country
4. We recognize Kosovo as an independent country and a part of Eastern Europe, even though it is not mentioned in the UN list of East European Countries
Visit the following to learn more about Europe:


On Thursday, the Chinese Communist Party is celebrating its 100th anniversary.
As the cheers and festivals take place, it is expected that the government will not mention the tens of millions of people it has killed since the party’s founding in 1921.
One of the most notable examples of the horrors carried out by the totalitarian regime is the rule of CCP chief Mao Zedong. In 1949, he became the leader of China. In 1951 he decided to take over Tibet, which led to a Tibetan Uprising against the CCP.
In the aftermath, approximately 87,000 Tibetans were killed and Tibet was lost to the CCP. The Dali Lama was forced to flee and never return as Tibet’s leader.
A few years later, in 1958, Zedong initiated what he called the “Great Leap Forward.” He forced China’s farmers away from the countryside and join communes. In doing so, he robbed people of their livelihoods, possessions, and ability to feed themselves. These villagers had to receive food from government distribution sites, which only fed those the CCP felt were essential enough to be fed. This, in turn, created the famine that swept across the country.
Through his decisions and lack of concern for the people of China, Zedong became one of the world’s most notorious killers and murderers. His starvation program killed up to an estimated 45 million Chinese citizens. Scholars also estimate 2-3 million Chinese were also tortured and murdered.
Zedong’s tyrannical rule continued with the “Cultural Revolution” in 1966, where he began forcing “impure” elements from Chinese culture, leading to the imprisonment and harassment of anyone who were not conforming to Mao’s teachings and CCP ideologies.
Deaths during the Cultural Revolution are have been difficult to estimate. But, some scholars estimate, during this time, around 1 million were killed as a result.
Since its inception, the CCP has proven itself to be one of the most violent, brutal and heartless governments on the face of the earth. With little to no consideration for its own people, the communists have retained power by brute force, intimidation and killing. From torture and murder to enslavement and genocide, the CCP’s legacy is covered in blood. And that is something not worth celebrating.


The History of Science at the National Library
Behind every scientific discovery, development, breakthrough and accumulation of knowledge lies a fascinating story about how it came about. The “History of Science” consists of the documentation of the processes that led to the technological and scientific achievements we have witnessed throughout history.
The History of Science collection at the National Library of Israel is based on the work of Dr. Sidney M. Edelstein, a Jewish-American chemist, inventor, and bibliophile who, along with his wife Mildred, supported many charitable programs in the United States and Israel. Edelstein’s greatest passion was the history of science and technology. He channeled his enthusiasm into the amassing of a wonderful library, which he donated to the National Library of Israel.
The Edelstein Collection is a comprehensive collection of works dating from the 16th century to the present covering all areas of the history, philosophy and sociology of science. The books in the collection deal with the full range of thought, from the occult to the exact sciences, from witchcraft to quantum mechanics, from palm reading to the cognitive sciences, from astrology to space technology. The collection includes primary sources alongside secondary literature, periodicals and a reference section. Most of the books are in English, but there are also works in French, German, Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Hebrew.
The collection includes the complete writings (Opera Omnia) of Euclid, Aristotle, Copernicus, Galileo, Descartes, Berkeley, Newton, Boyle, Huygens, Euler, Linnaeus, LaGrange, Laplace, Poincaré, Pierce, Bohr and Schrödinger among many others. Besides the complete works, one can also find rich bibliographies compiled by or about prominent figures in science, such as Darwin, Einstein, Cuvier, Duhem and more. Just as science continually evolves, so too does this collection. Alongside remnants of ancient sciences and obsolete theories (such as phrenology, physiognomy and alchemy), one can find new areas of science and topics that have developed in recent decades (such as genetics and eugenics, quantum theory, ecology and environmental sciences, computer science and information technology, atomic energy and the atomic bomb).


Have you ever felt pain or discomfort after a bite of ice cream or a spoonful of hot soup? If so, you’re not alone. While pain caused by hot or cold foods could be a sign of a cavity, it is also common in people who have sensitive teeth. Tooth sensitivity, or “dentin hypersensitivity,” is exactly what it sounds like: pain or discomfort in the teeth as a response to certain stimuli, such as hot or cold temperatures.
It may be temporary or a chronic problem, and it can affect one tooth, several teeth, or all the teeth in a single individual. It can have a number of different causes, but a change in oral hygiene regimen can treat most cases of sensitive teeth problems.
Tooth sensitivity is one of the most common complaints that a patient enters with, into a dental clinic. It is a brief sensation in your nerves due to an external stimuli on the exposed dentin, the layer beneath your hard white enamel surface.
Causes of tooth sensitivity:
- Ingestion of hard, acidic foods, Aerated drinks, etc.
- Aggressive brushing habits and using a hard bristled brush.
- Cavities involving the dentinal layer of the tooth.
- The recession of the gums in older people.
- Cold weather.
- Bruxism or night grinding.
- Sinus infection.
Prevention of tooth sensitivity:
- Using fluoridated toothpaste.
- Using a soft bristled brush.
- Abstaining from highly acidic drinks.
Consult a dentist to identify the cause of sensitivity.
- Restoration is the ideal choice of treatment for tooth sensitivity due to tooth decay.
- Wearing a mouth guard will help if your tooth becomes sensitive as a result of bruxism.
- If enamel erosion causes tooth sensitivity, dentists may recommend suitable interventions like fluoride therapy or gingival graft surgery.
- If these procedures are not effective, it means that the infection is deep and requires root canal therapy.


During the infant year, it is not uncommon for babies to grunt, push, strain, exhibit facial flushing, and draw up their legs during bowel movement passage. If the BM is soft, then this is normal. Constipation is defined as a hard stool. Though the child may appear in distress, this is not reason to rush to the ER.
Guidelines for constipation:
Children under 4 months:
- Give watered down fruit juices 2 times daily (prune, grape, apricot).
- Avoid strained apples, carrots, squash, and bananas.
Children 4 months to 1 year:
- Add strained foods with high fiber content to the child’s diet.
- These include: cereals, prunes, peaches, apricots, pears, plums, peas, beans, and spinach.
Children over 1 year:
- Increase servings of raw, unpeeled fruits and veggies to 3 times daily. Include prunes, peaches, pears, figs, dates, raisins, lettuce, and cabbage.
- Increase foods high in bran, i.e., natural cereals, brain flakes and muffins, shredded wheat, graham crackers, oatmeal, brown rice, and whole wheat bread.
- Increase child’s water intake.


In HTML, plain text is defined as normal text and entities. For the text, you can use all characters from the ISO-8859-1 character set. Not all characters in this set might be available on your platform, or they could have a special meaning in HTML. Also, if you expect that the document will be distributed with a method other than HTTP, some characters may get converted or eaten by the transport mechanism. For example, using characters above decimal 127 in "ASCII mode" FTP is not a good idea.
In such cases, use entities. An entity is constructed as follows: the "&" character, followed either by the entity's name or "#nnn", with nnn a decimal number indicating the ISO-8859-1 character you want, and finally a ";" character.
In most cases, you should use the reserved name if possible. There are also some reserved characters which do not exist in the character set used, but which are defined for HTML.
The most commonly escaped characters are "&", "<" and ">", since these three have a special meaning in HTML.
HTML 3.2 Reference ~ Elements by Function ~ Elements Alphabetically
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Each summer LCC trains and oversees citizen monitors to report on cyanobacteria conditions in their area. This program provides critical data on where and when blooms are happening and helps inform public health officials as to whether the water is safe for swimming. In 2012 our volunteers began submitting observations of conditions rather than collecting water samples. This has allowed us to expand the program over a broader swathe of the lake without increasing costs, and it avoids volunteer contact with the cyanobacteria blooms themselves.
LCC trains volunteer monitors to distinguish cyanobacteria, sometimes called blue-green algae, from other floating phenomena, know what to do if a bloom occurs, understand cyanobacteria's ecological and health effects, and take actions to reduce the frequency of blooms. Volunteers commit to report on water conditions from the same site once per week from mid-June through mid-fall if possible. (Cyanobacteria blooms are occurring later in the year so we are looking for monitors who can continue assessing conditions into late October if possible.) Repeatedly visiting the same location throughout the season provides a more accurate picture of water conditions. Volunteers submit observations via LCC's online form and this information is compiled on the cyanobacteria tracker map housed at the Vermont Department of Health. If you are interested in being a volunteer monitor or supporting this program, please fill out our cyanobacteria training form or email or call the LCC office at (802) 658-1414.
In 2011 the program received the Citizen Scientist Green Mountain Environmental Award. The awards were created by ECHO, Leahy Center for Lake Champlain and FreePressMedia to recognize environmental stewards and initiatives that have shaped, inspired, encouraged and supported successful and long-term leadership of Vermont’s rich and diverse natural environment.