Computer-controlled players in video games can usually be spotted for their repetitive, illogical or unemotional behavior. Unlike humans, non-player characters (NPCs) don't get angry, frustrated or scared in stressful game situations, and have trouble planning ahead. In order to address this problem, 2KGames launched the BotPrize, a Turing-style Test aimed at creating more convincing artificial players.
A human audience watched players in battling their way through Unreal Tournament 2004 and rated them on their apparent "humanness". A team from the University of Texas at Austin tied for the win, creating an NPC so realistic that it scored a humanness rating of 52%. That's impressive, and even more so taking into account that plain-ole real humans only clocked in at 40%.
The UT team was able to create their more-human-than-human bot through a process called "neuroevolution". Using existing models of in-game human behavior, the researchers created different NPCs that were weeded out via a Darwinian process. As with mutations in genetic evolution, each new generation of the different NPCs lineages were tweaked slightly with behaviors that could either prove to be adaptive (more human) or maladaptive (less human). After five years of digital evolution, the game bot finally outperformed its human competition.
As the BotPrize shows, appearing "human" in a video game environment is not an insurmountable task. Instead, it is a very clever combination of strategy, the ability to navigate in a 3D environment, and appearing rational or irrational at the appropriate times. Unlike human conversation, an area where chatbots have been trying and spectacularly failing for years, gameplay may be a relatively simple set of behaviors to mimic (sorry, gamers).
The BotPrize may also point to flaws in the Turing Test, which, in Turing's defense, was never meant as more than a thought experiment. The fact that the human players didn't score 100% on humanness may mean that the environment of Unreal Tournament 2004 is not adequate for expressing human memory, wit, foibles and aspirations. Or, it could be that we're still so culturally new to games that we have no yardstick against which to measure "real" behavior when it comes to gunning down robots and slicing up orcs.
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People drink to socialize, celebrate, and relax. Alcohol often has a strong effect on people—and throughout history, people have struggled to understand and manage alcohol’s power. Why does alcohol cause people to act and feel differently? How much is too much? Why do some people become addicted while others do not? The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism is researching the answers to these and many other questions about alcohol. Here’s what is known:
Alcohol’s effects vary from person to person, depending on a variety of factors, including:
While drinking alcohol is itself not necessarily a problem—drinking too much can cause a range of consequences, and increase your risk for a variety of problems.
Alcohol abuse is which is traditionally known as alcoholism. Regardless, if you know and care about someone who is either definitely an alcoholic or someone who you suspect may be, there are ways to help, start and intervention, and is the process of assisting the process… you might want to seek help for yourself dealing with a loved one with this addiction. Alcohol, as with most substances, abuse is the step directly preceding addiction. However, there are some ways to tell abuse and addiction apart.
Our alcohol detox program offers a safe and comfortable environment for individuals suffering from alcohol dependency to recover in a tranquil, safe setting. Alcohol detoxification is the essential first step, a supervised period with zero alcohol intake for effective treatment and management of alcohol addiction. Our certified clinical staff members are on duty 24/7 to support clients through the recovery process. In addition to care for alcohol withdrawal symptoms, our clients are also given the opportunity to support one another and receive education and counseling about their addiction problem and its effective treatment. The Palms Recovery Center provides individualized care and custom long term plan to provide and encourage the adjustment to sustained sobriety.


Turning Back the Tide? Local‐scale Impacts of Climate Change May Have Positive Effects by Restoring Natural Riverine Habitat and Reducing Invasive Fish Density
- Global biodiversity is increasingly threatened by habitat loss, climate change, and biological invasion. However, predictions of impacts on native fauna are hampered by an inadequate knowledge of how these factors interact and how climate change will affect the distribution, abundance, and behaviour of both native and invasive species, not least as most predictions are based on the long‐term effects of temperature alone.
- Here, we present a case study illustrating how local‐scale climate change impacts (increased temperature, reduced rainfall, shifts in peak rainfall) affected the hydrology of a channelised lowland European river (reduced flow, reduction in flood events, increased siltation, macrophyte growth), allowing native fish species to recolonise the bankside zone and reducing the density of invasive round goby Neogobius melanostomus by removing its preferred habitat.
- While most studies predict long‐term negative impacts on global fish populations, some suggest potential direct and indirect benefits at a local scale. We are of the opinion that, at a local scale, climate change impacts on fish will be more nuanced and complex than long‐term predictions suggest, resulting in both positive and negative effects, with consolation prizes in the face of larger losses. While impacts on fish will differ between regions and/or continents, depending on the specific impacts of climate change, identification of positive effects will be essential in clarifying long‐range forecasts and identifying management procedures for mitigating overall negative impacts.
Roche, K., P. Jurajda, L. Šlapanský, and S.M. White. 2020. Turning back the tide? Local‐scale impacts of climate change may have positive effects by restoring natural riverine habitat and reducing invasive fish density. Freshwater Biology 65(11):2010-2020. Online at https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13604.


Capped Rate (Capitalization Rate)
Capped rate is also called as the capitalization rate. It is calculated and defined as the ratio and percentage division of the profit or income which is obtained by the asset to the income to the income obtained from the capital cost of the specific product.
Calculation of capped rate
Alternatively the market price and value of the object can also be included in the ratio calculation to make out the capped rate. It is not at all difficult to calculate the rate of the product by finding out the original price which is paid by the buyer and the market value. If thee prices and values are known then one can easily calculate the capped rate on any product.
An illustration of capped rate calculation
Whether you make a purchase of any large item or a small product, the way to calculate the capped rate is very simple and easy. The simple way of this calculation can be shown by a simple illustration. Suppose if you intend to purchase a building or any other commodity, and the sale price of this building is about $100,000 then first of all it is important to determine the profit on that rate. After that the fixed costs is determined which according to calculations is supposed to be about 10 percent of the original amount.
Inclusion of variable costs
All the variable costs are subtracted from this amount and as a result the capitalization rate or capped rate is calculated which comes out to be finally 10 percent. According to this calculation of capped rate, it is made compulsory to pay the calculated amount by the preceding year. The time span is also considered while paying the capped rate and the original amount of the product or commodity.
Increase in capped rate
The more time is passed on buying the product, the more will be its capped rate. For example at the same price, with the increased time span the capped rate will become about 50 percent. It is now up to the investor that how does he keeps his money tied up in this investment and keeps up to the track. There are several ways to take into account this and other opportunities.


Temperature-Sensitive Drug Shipping on the Rise
Shipping medication used to be a relatively simple and straightforward procedure. Pills, solutions, and other traditional kinds of medication have often not required any wildly unusual shipping methods to get from Point A to Point B; however, that is all beginning to change. Pharmaceutical manufacturers are facing a growing need for shipping methods that can be tightly controlled, especially where temperature is involved.
Much of this shift can be traced to the pharmaceutical industry’s trend of moving away from what are called “small molecule” drugs that are chemical based. These are the kinds of medications, such as over-the-counter pills and solutions. Modern pharmaceutical companies are creating more structurally-complex drugs such as cancer drugs and hormones that are based on biological components. As a result of the biological makeup, these more sensitive substances require strict, temperature-controlled environments at all times. Therefore, temperature-controlled shipping is an absolute necessity for their safe transportation across the country and around the world.
Projected spending on these kinds of specialty drugs is predicted to rise from $87 billion in 2012 to an estimated $401 billion by 2020. This is a massive increase in demand for temperature-sensitive shipping, and companies like ShipCritical must be ready to meet those demands. These cold storage areas ensure the safety and effectiveness of the biological samples, and the requirements of the Food and Drug Administration must also be met as well.
UPS has recently announced an initiative to begin transporting medical supplies in temperature-sensitive environments; however, ShipCritical has been transporting these kinds of materials, including drug samples, organs, medical equipment, and biological samples, in very strictly controlled containers for years. The professionalism and dedication of our staff is unparalleled in the industry. Why not use the company with the experience that can be trusted?


The Dreaded Sun Spots of Summer
During the Summer, various skin conditions occur due to heat and time outdoors. Larry Weidell, PA-C explains what causes the dreaded sun spots of Summer.
The warm humid months of summer are frequently associated with a skin condition called Tinea Versicolor (also known as “Pityriasis Versicolor”). People are often bothered by discolored “sun spots” which are common and not contagious. The spots occur as discolored areas on the trunk, neck and / or upper arms. In persons of color, the spots can also occur on the forehead and temples. These areas are sometimes itchy and have a very superficial scale that is noticeable when scraping with a fingernail.
The cause of Tinea Versicolor is Malassezia, a yeast that is found on normal skin but can also cause skin infections when the yeast is altered and grows in over abundance. Factors that influence growth of Malassezia include any of the following: heat, humidity, sweating, oily skin, and a weakened immune system. Although this condition can be very responsive to a diversity of treatment options, recurrences are rather common. Treatment options include over the counter products such as selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue) and pyrithione zinc shampoo, among others. Although these products can help, they may cause irritation and do not always work. Topical prescription medicated creams are effective and should be used over a few weeks as prescribed. Systemic medications are often utilized for Tinea Versicolor because of their short duration, ease of use, and generally, good tolerability.
Regardless of the treatment option selected, discolored areas (which may be lighter or darker than normal skin) generally require 2-3 months or more to return to a normal skin color after completion of treatment. The itching and scale resolve much sooner. Preventative medication can be taken one time per month for those who are challenged with recurrences.


Whether you have a growing child or you like to graze, what you choose to snack on can have a major impact on your energy and your overall health. Furthermore, what you grab to munch on in between meals can also affect your smile. While avoiding certain foods and drinks can protect your teeth and gums from damage, there are some options that can actually promote a healthier smile.
- Did you know that cheese can actually neutralize acid levels inside your mouth? This protects the enamel of your teeth and minimizes the likelihood of decay. Yogurt and other dairy products can have the same effect but research shows that hard cheeses are the most effective.
- Fresh, Crispy Produce
- Fresh fruits and vegetables are always a good choice for your body health. However, the act of chewing crispy produce does your mouth a favor too. Your gums get a nice massage and healthy stimulation, and your teeth get an easy natural cleansing. In addition, the nutrients inside most fruits and veggies can boost your immune system, which also boosts your smile health.
- This may surprise you since popcorn is known for getting stuck in your teeth. However, unless you are wearing braces, popcorn is actually a great snack for your smile. Popcorn has a fibrous quality that cleanses your teeth as you munch. This effectively clears away the plaque biofilm that accumulates on your pearly whites throughout the day. Of course, keep your floss handy in case you need it!
- Nuts and Fish
- Nuts and fish are known for their abundance of omega-3 fatty acids. These nutrients are essential for a strong immune system, which helps your body fight off oral health conditions like gum disease.
Regardless of what you choose to snack on throughout the day, it is always a good idea to drink water after eat or drink, especially if you don’t have a toothbrush on hand. This rinses away the harmful bacteria and acids that are left behind. Chewing a piece of sugarless gum can also do the trick. At Mitzi Morris DMD, we know that your diet plays a vital role in your oral health. If you think your snack choices are sabotaging your smile, let’s discuss it!


DATE: August 18, 2019
SNIP: The planet’s far North is burning. This summer, over 600 wildfires have consumed more than 2.4 million acres of forest across Alaska. Fires are also raging in northern Canada. In Siberia, choking smoke from 13 million acres – an area nearly the size of West Virginia – is blanketing towns and cities.
Fires in these places are normal. But, as studies here at the University of Alaska’s International Arctic Research Center show, they are also abnormal.
My colleagues and I are examining the complex relationships between warming climate, increasing fire and shifting patterns of vegetation. Using locally focused climate data and models from the Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning, the research group I help coordinate, we are finding evidence that is deeply worrying – not just for those of us who live within the fires’ pall of smoke, but for the world.
Recent fires are too frequent, intense and severe. They are reducing older-growth forest in favor of young vegetation, and pouring more carbon into the atmosphere at a time when carbon dioxide concentrations are setting new records.
The overall increase in burning can be hard to detect and measure because of enormous natural variability. This summer’s fires in Alaska were driven by an intense early-season heat wave. The relationship between hot dry weather and fire is clear. Climate change is causing an equally clear trend toward earlier springs and longer, hotter summers.


Integrating biological control of Citrus Blackfly and current Florida citrus spray programmes
Keywords:Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi, Pest management, Natural enemies
AbstractFive spray regimes typically used in Florida citrus groves were studied to determine their effect on populations of the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, and on its associated predators and parasitoids. No spray programme had a significant effect on the numbers of citrus blackfly, its parasitoids or its primary predators, Delphastus pallidus Lec., D. pusillus Lec. and Chrysopa spp, observed per sample date. All spray programmes significantly reduced the numbers of spiders and large coccinellids. Seasonal distribution of citrus blackfly was altered by one regime which had two insecticide sprays beginning in June. The seasonal distributions of the parasitoids and predators were not significantly affected by any of the five regimes. It is concluded that existing biological control agents of citrus blackfly in Florida will not be adversely affected by current pesticides and treatment schedules used on Florida citrus.
How to Cite
Dowell, R. V., Fitzpatrick, G., Zumstein, R., Johnson, M., & Fiore, J. (1986). Integrating biological control of Citrus Blackfly and current Florida citrus spray programmes. Tropical Agriculture, 63(4). Retrieved from https://journals.sta.uwi.edu/ojs/index.php/ta/article/view/2153


Robust annual growing to 3 ft (1 m). Has lobed oval leaves, long white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers, and spiny fruit capsules.
Habitat & Cultivation
Thornapple grows in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is cultivated for medicinal use in Hungary, France, and Germany. The leaves and flowering tops are harvested in summer, and the seeds in early autumn when the capsules burst.
Leaves, flowering tops, seeds.
Thornapple contains 0.2–0.45% tropane alkaloids (especially hyoscyamine and hyoscine), flavonoids, steroidal lactones, withanolides, coumarins, and tannins. The tropane alkaloids are similar to those found in deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), acting to reduce secretions and relax smooth muscle.
History & Folklore
Thornapple has a long history of medicinal use. If taken in sufficient doses, it causes hallucinations; the Delphic oracle in ancient Greece and the Inca in South America may have used it as an aid to making prophecies. Though it is hallucinogenic, thornapple has traditionally been used to treat insanity.
Medicinal Actions & Uses
At low doses, thornapple is a common remedy for asthma, whooping cough, muscle spasms, and the symptoms of Parkinsonism. It relaxes the muscles of the gastrointestinal, bronchial, and urinary tracts, and reduces digestive and mucous secretions. Like deadly nightshade, thornapple may be applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains and neuralgia.
D. metel and D. innoxia are both native to India. These plants are employed in treating asthma, coughs, fevers, and skin conditions.
Take only under professional supervision. Since it is toxic at more than small doses, thornapple is subject to legal restrictions in most countries.


The solar air heating system is a custom engineered solution containing internal and external components. It uses solar energy to heat and ventilate indoor spaces in new and retrofit applications. The solar air heating system can aslo be used to produce hot air required for the manufacturing process and for agricultural crop drying applications.
The system technology can be designed in a variety of ways, depending on the building's energy requirements and the client's objectives. The most visible component of the system is its exterior metal cladding, encompassing the system's interior components which accumulate the hot air and conduct it inside the building. Specially perforated collector panels are installed in a short space from a south facing wall creating air cavity. The solar air heating system may also include some exterior glazing for higher temperature rises. The metal cladding is heated by the solar radiation from the sun and ventilation fan create negative pressure in the air cavity drawing the hot air through the panel perforations. The ventilator is designed to maintain a consistent draw and pressure across the entire wall surface and ensures that the cooler air beyond the heated boundary layer is not introduced into the air stream. The air is generally taken off the top of the south wall. The heated air is then ducted into the building via a connection to the HVAC intake. Since the air entering in the air handler has already been preheated anywhere from 16-38C on a sunny day(less on a cloudy day). This solar heating reduces the energy load on the conventional heater. The heated fresh air is then distributed into the building through the existing HVAC system or with separate air fans or perforated ducting. Source : Solar Wall


A new model for engineering education has been developed and funded. The model is 100% project based learning (PBL) where the students develop their own learning objectives. The projects are authentic needs contributed by collaborating industries. Students monitor the acquisition of 32 technical competencies and all of the design and professionalism competencies required of new practicing engineers. The reasons for the new model, description of the model, research supporting the model, methods for evaluating the model and its transportability are discussed.
Annual Conference of American Society of Engineering Education
Ulseth, R. R., Froyd, J. E., Litzinger, T. A., Ewert, D., & Johnson, B. M. (2011, June). A New Model of Project-Based Learning in Engineering Education. Paper presented at 2011 Annual Conference & Exposition, Vancouver, BC. https://peer.asee.org/17360
Publisher's Copyright and Source
Copyright © 2011 American Society for Engineering Education.
Retrieved from: https://peer.asee.org/17360
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Engineering Education Commons, Higher Education Commons


BIRDS-OF-PARADISE HELP TURN A COUNTRY TOWARD CONSERVATION
In 2018, when leaders in the provinces of Papua and West Papua, in Indonesian New Guinea, pledged to protect 70% of their remaining intact rainforests, the Cornell Lab provided science, compelling stories, and inspirational film and photography of the birds-of-paradise to raise awareness of this ambitious and important effort.
Now, the Lab is partnering with the Indonesian environmental organization EcoNusa on a social media campaign, “Defending Paradise,” to build support among urban youth in Indonesia and help conserve one of Earth’s most important and imperiled intact rainforests.
“EcoNusa has the ability to reach millions of young people across Indonesia who care about the environment but aren’t necessarily connected to or even aware of the amazing places that exist in their own country. They are drawing on our expertise and the Birds-of-Paradise media we’ve created to tell the stories of these forests and to build a network of people who will actively engage in their protection.”Ed Scholes, Birds-of-Paradise Project Leader
The powerful visual storytelling of the Center for Conservation Media’s Birds-of-Paradise Project is central to the campaign.


A2: Microbes in the News: New Species in the Ice
Article and link: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190115121103.htm
Published: January 15th, 2019
Scientists identify two new species of fungi in retreating Arctic glacier
Summary- This short article introduces two new fungal species which inhabit glacial ice on Ellesmere Island. The author also begins to explain how their habitat is being affected by climate change and what further research is being performed.
Connections- While we have not covered much yet, I did find it interesting that the researchers proposed the name Mrakia hoshinonis after Tamotsu Hoshino, a polar region fungi researcher from the National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology. The other species is proposed to be called Vishniacozyma ellesmerensis after the island where it was discovered. The naming process reminded me of the Epithet assignment. These microbes also live in cold environments, which means they could be categorized as psychrophiles.
Critical analysis- I found this story interesting because it shows just how much we still don’t know about microbes in general, let alone the ones that live in extreme environments. I do not think there was enough information in this story to say it is scientifically accurate or not. The author does not talk too much on how the researchers found and identified the species. Because of our lack of knowledge, it is easy to see why two new species could be found in one small area. The author went on a tangent in the article to talk about climate change. And while it had to do with further research, I felt like it stole the show from the idea of new species in glacial ice and what the implications are of the discovery. The public may not recognize all the different aspects that go into discovering a new species, and they might get caught up in the scary climate change drama.
Question- What can we learn from microbes that live in extremely cold environments?


An Overview of Arbitration
Arbitration comes in two (2) forms, voluntary and forced. It is a method of resolving disputes outside of court process. Personal injury attorneys sometimes recommend voluntary arbitration as the best means to resolve a smaller claim quickly. Parties then agree to refer their case to a neutral arbitrator (or panel of arbitrators) — chosen by mutual consent — who reviews evidence, listens to attorneys and witnesses, and comes to a decision. Forced, or involuntary arbitration, on the other hand is found in most consumer contracts, such as cell phone, utility, internet services. In forced arbitration there is no agreement by the injured party to arbitrate the dispute and they are forced into a system that is neither voluntary nor fair, but unfortunately if you want to have a cell phone, or use the internet you agree to forced arbitration for any disputes that arise.
Advantages of arbitration:
- The process is quicker, and there is greater time flexibility.
- Arbitration is frequently less expensive than going through the court system, since the rules of evidence are more relaxed compared to a court case. For example, expert witnesses may send documents rather than appear in person. In addition, the arbitrator’s fee is usually split between the two disputing parties.
- Arbitration is typically a private procedure; the dispute and resolution can remain confidential. A court trial is public.
Disadvantages of arbitration:
- In court, rules of evidence may prevent some evidence from being considered by a judge or jury. However, an arbitrator might include that evidence in the arbitration proceeding. Arbitrators may be guided by “apparent fairness” rather than strict observance of the law — a more subjective approach.
- Witnesses must personally appear and testify, affidavits and reports are not admitted.
- The process can take years to resolve.
Voluntary arbitration can be a valuable tool in some situations. For expert, thoughtful legal representation for a personal injury matter, please contact our office.


Partnering with Unicef, we created interactive game ‘Right Runner’ to increase children’s awareness of their human rights, as stated in The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).
Aimed at, and created with the insight of children in Latin America and the Caribbean, Right Runner entertains, empowers and educates children in the most violent and unequal region for children in the world.
Players journey through 5 levels which bring 5 key rights to life. With a cast of characters, visual and audio palette that draws on regional elements, Right Runner encourages children to find their voice and join up with friends to raise awareness of the threats they can face in this part of the world.
Download Right Runner for Android here.
Level 1 – You have the right to play!
Play or freetime is fundamental to being a kid, it’s one of the things that makes us happy and healthy! Whatever you’re into; sport, art, music, culture or just chatting with friends, you have the right to play!
Level 2 – You have the right to learn!
Every kid is unique and talented! Even if they don’t know it yet. An education helps turn that seed of talent into a superpower! Claim your right to learn and use your superpower to change your world.
Level 3 – You have the right to a safe environment!
You may have lived through a natural disaster already in your life! As climate change increases more and more communities will be affected. Whether it’s this or a health emergency like Zika, you have the right to food, clothing and a clean and safe place to live.
Level 4 – You have the right to be protected!
Every kid has the right to be free from all forms of physical, sexual and mental violence and abuse. Nevertheless, too many girls and boys are victims of violence and exploitation. You have the right to be protected.
Level 5 – You have the right to be heard
Kids are powerful agents for change! Look at 16 year old Greta Thunberg, the climate activist! She started a “school strike for climate” protest outside of her local Parliament that went global with over one million kids joining in! You too have the right to give your opinion and be taken seriously. Tell your story. Make yourself heard.


The farming area known as Eureka was created through the reclamation of part of the vast Piako Swamp. Starting in 1874, 16km of enormous drains were dug by hand to lower the water level sufficiently to farm the land. The Swamp had extended from the edge of Hamilton East to the Piako River, and was part of the land confiscation by Government at the end of the Waikato Land Wars in 1865. A section of the Confiscation Line can still be seen defining the boundary of the east side of Eureka.
The homestead built in 1875 on the Eureka Hill was the first headquarters for the Woodlands Estate, which at one time stretched from Taupiri to Morrinsville. Legend has it that the name Eureka was formed from the initials of the ladies in a picnic party which chose the site for the homestead.
Significant features of early Eureka were the railway station on Holland Road built around 1884, the school which opened at the crossroads in 1904, and the butter (later cheese) factory, built in 1903. Since 1914 a hall has provided a meeting place for the community and its activities, with the first structure being replaced in 1968 by the present building.
While the Eureka of today is just a short drive from Hamilton, for much of its history it was a farming-based community, linked to the world by the railway and somewhat swampy roads. But the sense of community remains, largely through the publication of the 36 year old Eureka Express magazine, providing local news and recording the achievements and comings and goings of its residents.


What you need to know about Microplastics in your water
We have all been made aware of the growing plastic crisis, everybody from our politicians to our local coffee shops are telling us to cut down on our plastic usage – but is it too little too late?
What are Microplastics?
Microplastics have been found in water around the world, but what exactly are they?
Well, those little beads in your soap or shower gel are part of the problem. But these are not the only microplastics. Mechanical and natural forces cause the plastic to break down over time. This plastic never completely disappears. It breaks down to a micro level, then the particles enter on water supply.
Why are Microplastics a problem?
Microplastic particles are small enough, in most cases, to be carried by the wind. This allows them to enter bodies of water, usually the ocean or our dams and rivers. This has a direct impact on us as these microparticles can make it through most filtration processes and into our drinking water. The second major impact is when the microplastics are ingested by marine life. The impact is not quite yet fully documented, however, these plastic particles have been found in fish and other marine life bound for human consumption.
What’s being done?
Cutting down single-use plastic usage is a good start on the behalf of consumers. Global corporations and lawmakers are following suit by implementing changes and establishing regulations with regards to the types and quantities of plastic used.
At The Water Cooler Company, we uphold the highest standard of water. Our 19l water cooler bottles are reused and recycled in the most sustainable way. If you would like to know more about our environmental approach, you can read that here. If you would like to find out more about how we can hydrate you call us on 0845 500 4455 or chat with us on live chat.


Question: “Failure in English is a common matter in our country”. Complete the following line in two paragraphs. In the first paragraph, you will write the causes and in the second paragraph, you will suggest the possible solution to it.
Failure in English
Answer: Failure in English is a common matter in our country. There are many reasons for the failure of the students in English and the reasons are not tar to seek. Firstly our education system is defective. The English textbooks for the students of our country are not suitable for them. Secondly, the students are not motivated to learn English. They think that it is unnecessary to spend time learning English. Moreover English is a foreign language. It seems difficult to them. So they do like to learn English. They think it is a mere wastage of time. Thirdly most of the so-called English teachers are not good at English. They are not competent and trained. They can not teach the students in a scientific way. Fourthly the students only cram the answers. In the examination hall, they forget what they have crammed. So the answers they write are incorrect. These are the reasons for which the students of our country fail in English.
Our faulty education system should be modified and improved. The English textbooks should be suitable for the students. The students should be encouraged to learn English. More trained and competent teachers should be appointed in schools and colleges. English teachers should have a good command of English. They should apply the scientific methods of teaching in the classroom. They should deliver their lecture in simple and lucid English.
- Composition on The Causes of Students’ Failure in English
- Dialogue Between Myself and My Friend About the Importance of Learning English
- Paragraph on Classroom Learning
- Paragraph on Learning A Foreign Language
- Paragraph on Power Failure in City on and After
- Paragraph on Adopting Unfair Means In The Examination
- Paragraph on How to Improve Speaking Power in English
- Paragraph on Obedience to Teacher
- Paragraph on My Favorite English Teacher
- Short Essay on Madrasah Education


COMMON EARTHWORM / LOB WORM
The common earthworm or Lumbricus terrestres, also known as Grandaddy Earthworm, is an annelid with a cylindrical, segmented body. Its upper part is brown with reddish tinges and its lower part is yellow with a protruding orange clitellum.
Its size ranges form 10 to 25 cm and its surface is always wet to facilitate skin respiration.
It is packaged in a plastic box on a natural soil base.
This species lives in grasslands, forests and marshlands. It also shows a special interest in clay soils. The animal digs galleries and feeds on the nutrients and organic matter that the soil provides it with by gulping it down and then expelling it. This matter is deposited in tunnels that offer a valuable aid to agriculture as fertiliser.
It is highly recommended for coup fishing. A good worm makes a difference in turbid or high water.
Available all year round, but may be subject to shortages due to inclement weather.
All worms can have a loss of 40 % of their original weight, according to species.
I WANT TO DISTRIBUTE MICEBO
It is a bait suitable for any type of freshwater fish: eel, common carp, barbel, chub, bleak… Always considering the appropriate legislation according to species or seasonal period.
Tips for good conservation
Temperature between 4 and 10 °C.
It is especially vulnerable to sudden temperature changes.


A painful virus that affects the skin, shingles affects people who have had the chickenpox. This condition develops as a result of the reactivation of varicella-zoster, a virus that lies dormant in people who have already had the chickenpox.
While chickenpox is characterized by itchy, uncomfortable lesions that develop on the skin, shingles are more painful as it affects the nerves in the skin. This condition can also present with a variety of symptoms that resemble the flu, but these symptoms can last for weeks at a time.
Shingles is a fairly common condition. Older adults tend to be the most prone to this virus, though anyone who has had the chickenpox can develop it. More than 90 percent of American adults are estimated to carry the varicella-zoster virus. As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that one out of every three American’s will be affected by shingles at some point in their lives. The risk for shingles increases with age.
Shingles are highly contagious, and given the fact that there is a high prevalence of this illness, especially among older people, it is important to be aware of the signs that are commonly associated with it.
Here’s a look at 16 of the most common symptoms that are indicative of shingles.
1. A rash
Without a doubt, the most common symptom of shingles is a rash. The shingles virus lies dormant in your system, but when it becomes activated, the skin will develop a rash. This rash usually appears as small clusters of fluid-filled blisters. Over time, the blisters will grow larger and they can become irritated. The rash often develops on the torso, though it can appear anywhere, including the chest, the neck, the face, the arms, the buttocks, and the legs. Tight-fitting clothing that rubs up against the rash could aggravate it even more; however, it usually isn’t particularly itchy.


An article posted this week
on the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPPC) website shows "that for a broad swath of the midsection of the United States stretching from the center of Texas all the way to the U.S. border with Canada (and probably some distance beyond), the supposedly unprecedented warming of the 20th century (according to claims of the world's climate alarmists) was not unprecedented at all, having likely been surpassed one thousand, two thousand and four to five thousand years ago, when there was much less CO2 in the air than there is today.
This observation thus begs the question of what was the cause of those earlier warmer-than-present periods. The answer of Nordt et al. is that "these warm intervals ... exhibit a strong correlation to increases in solar irradiance,"
as per the irradiance reconstruction of Perry and Hsu (2000
|Solar Irradiance Reconstruction of Perry and Hsu|
Based on isotopic soil carbon measurements made on 24 modern soils and 30 buried soils scattered between latitudes 48 and 32°N and longitudes 106 and 98°W, Nordt et al. developed a time series of C4 vs. C3 plant dynamics for the past 12 ka (ka = 1000 14C yr BP) in the mixed and shortgrass prairie of the U.S. Great Plains; and because, as they describe it, the percent soil carbon derived from C4 plants "corresponds strongly with summer temperatures as reflected in the soil carbon pool (Nordt et al., 2007; von Fischer et al., 2008)," they were able to devise a history of the relative warmth of the climate of the region over this protracted period.
Nordt et al.'s data suggest that their region of study was slightly warmer than it has yet to be in modern times during parts of both the Medieval and Roman Warm Periods, and that it was significantly warmer during a sizeable portion the mid-Holocene Thermal Maximum or Climatic Optimum
, as it is sometimes called."
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New global 1 km resolution Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps
New present-day and projected future global Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at a 1 km resolution are now freely available via http://www.gloh2o.org/koppen/.
The present-day (1980–2016) map uses topographically corrected climatic maps as input. The projected future conditions (2071–2100) are derived from an ensemble of 32 CMIP5 climate model projections (scenario RCP8.5), by superimposing the projected climate change anomaly on the present-day high-resolution climatic maps.
For Australia, future projections show that the Tropical savannah class extends much further down the east coast of Queensland. Additionally, the Arid, steppe, hot class is simulated to extend further south, and the Arid, desert, cold class is expected to disappear on the southern extent of the central arid region.
The data for the entire world is available at 0.0083° resolution (essentially 1 km) and this is a vast improvement over three recent world maps of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification being: (i) Kottek et al.’s (2006) map at 0.5° (or ~50 km) resolution); (ii) Peel et al.’s (2007) map with 0.1° (or ~10 km) resolution; and (iii) Kriticos et al.’s (2012) data with 0.083° (or ~8 km) resolution. The new maps provide a greater level of detail and accuracy than previous maps, particularly in topographically heterogeneous landscapes. Additionally, uncertainty maps associated with both the present-day and projected future conditions are provided.
Reference: Beck, H.E., Zimmermann, N.E., McVicar, T.R., Vergopolan N., Berg, A. and Wood, E.F. (2018) Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Scientific Data. 5:180214, doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.214.


The management of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is considered challenging for patients, parents and the dentist; it has a systemic origin, it can occur in one or more permanent molars, incisors can be affected simultaneously. These enamel defects occur due to several risk factors during the pre-, peri- and postnatal period.
Objective: To analyze the literature on molar-incisor hypomineralization and its relationship with prenatal risk factors, diagnosis, enamel remineralization techniques and treatment.
Methodology: Using the keywords “molar incisor hypomineralization”, “etiology”, “diagnosis”, “oral manifestations”, “enamel remineralization” and “clinical management”, the Medline/PubMed and Science Direct databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines.
Results: Postnatal factors are based on childhood diseases and antibiotic intake in the developmental stages of the teeth. In the prenatal period, to diseases during pregnancy. Perinatal factors are related to low birth weight. MIH is evaluated depending on the severity based on defects, color, location and post-eruptive collapse and the extent of the affected surface. Techniques to remineralize the enamel are only efficient to avoid caries progression. Microabrasion is the most commonly used treatment technique.
Conclusion: Most of the risk factors are attributed to the postnatal period during the first three years of life and HMD increases the prevalence of MIH.


Pygmalion was a legendary figure of Cyprus, who worked as a sculptor. After seeing the daughters of Propoetus, the Propoetides, prostituting, Pygmalion decided that he was not interested in women, but instead went to create a woman figure out of ivory. After he finished, he was so taken with its beauty and realism, that he fell in love with it. When Aphrodite's festival day came, Pygmalion made offerings but was too afraid to say anything about his love for the sculpture. Instead, he wished for a bride that would be the likeness of his ivory sculpture. Returning back home, he gave a kiss to the statue, and found out that it turned into a woman; the goddess of love made his wish come true. The two of them had a daughter, Paphos, whose name was later given to the city of Cyprus.
Greek mythology is full of similar accounts of living statues, or sculptures that turned to life. Examples include Daedalus, who gave a voice to his statues by using quicksilver; Hephaestus, who created automata; Talos, the bronze man; and Pandora, the woman made of clay.
See Also: Aphrodite, Daedalus, Hephaestus, Talos, Pandora
Written by: The Editors of GreekMythology.com. GreekMythology.com editors write, review and revise subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge based on their working experience or advanced studies.
For MLA style citation use: GreekMythology.com, The Editors of Website. "Pygmalion". GreekMythology.com Website, 09 Mar. 2016, https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Mortals/Pygmalion/pygmalion.html. Accessed 23 March 2023.


Neuropathic pain can be described as the clinical consequence of the damage of the normal physiology of a neuron or its network. Even though neuropathic pain is generated mechanisms which can also guide the therapeutic sessions, a proper diagnosis is very important which might even establish a better treatment and prevention of further serious damage from the disease. By being diagnosed, one can find efficient methods of avoiding further complications that might result from the neuropathic pain. The mechanic approaches that are commonly starting to get used to manage the neuropathic pain in humans have not been well developed as of yet. An example is there is still the need to develop better diagnostic tools to enable doctors pin point the mechanisms relating to a patient’s pain. However, humans have started shifting the treatment of the neuropathic pain from symptom control based treatments to targeting the mechanisms that are involved in the patient’s neuropathic pain.
Patients suffering from the neuropathic pain have neurosensory deficits which are a result of the injury they had that cause the pain and positive sensory phenomena like dysesthesia which tend to come up as compensatory effects. This can happen at any level of the neuraxis and also the peripheral nerve endings such as the spinal dorsal horn.
Despite it all, it is quite important for the treatment to have an initial approach that is clinical. The truth is that the need for rational pharmacotherapy which is based on the several clinical treatments that address types of pain including their own underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is high. This simple fact then dictates therapeutic approach to treating neuropathic pain is quite necessary. While administering this pharmacotherapy approach of treatment, the doctor or clinician should consider tailoring the kinds of medications given to the patient by addressing possible neuropathic pain mechanisms, comorbid mediacl conditions, and response to other physical therapies all simultaneously. All the necessary researches about the mechanical approach to treating neuropathic pain are still being done to establish better tools and methods of diagnostic and treatment because it seems to be the new way forward.
imagecredit: © Sashkin – Fotolia.com


Astronomers have pinpointed the precise position of a massive energy source hundreds of millions of light years away, behind a bright merging galaxy.
According to astronomers from Hiroshima University in Japan, the major energy source driving this colliding galaxy IIZw096 – located about 500 million light-years away near the constellation Delphinus – has been covered by cosmic dust.
While the energy source was first spotted approximately a decade ago, scientists have now pinpointed the exact location of what they call the “engine” of the merging galaxy using the more powerful James Webb Space Telescope.
The study published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters reveals where most of the collision system’s visible light originates.
“The James Webb Space Telescope has brought us completely new views of the universe thanks to it having the highest ever spatial resolution and sensitivity in the infrared,” study corresponding author Hanae Inami said.
“We wanted to find the ‘engine’ that powers this merging galaxy system. We knew that this source was deeply hidden by cosmic dust, so we could not use visible or ultraviolet light to find it,” Dr. Inami explained.
But by analyzing the emission from these merging galaxies in the mid-infrared wavelength with the Webb telescope, scientists could establish that this “engine” behind the collision “outshines everything else.”
Due to the telescope’s poor resolution, astronomers could not pinpoint the precise position of the major radiation source in prior studies conducted in 2010.
However, using the Webb telescope, scientists discovered that this engine is responsible for most of the mid-infrared emission, accounting for up to 70% of the system’s total infrared emission.
Astronomers also could discover that this energy source has a relatively limited radius of no more than 570 light-years – a tiny fraction of the collision system’s 65,000 light-year diameter.
According to the researchers, the data show that the Webb telescope can discover extremely dust-obscured cosmic energy sources.
“Future planned spectroscopic observations of IIZw096 will provide additional information on the nature of the dust, ionized gas, and warm molecular gas in and around the disturbed region of this luminous merging galaxy,” Dr. Inami added.


Liquid electrostatic spray technology is a method of applying liquid coatings, such as paint, to the exterior of computer cases, monitors, and other electronic devices using an electrostatic charge. The process involves atomizing the liquid into droplets and then giving them an electrostatic charge. The charged droplets are then attracted to the grounded electronic devices, ensuring an even and efficient coating. This technology is widely used in the electronic manufacturing industry for computer cases and other electronic devices.
One of the main advantages of using liquid electrostatic spray technology for computer cases and other electronic devices is the increased coating savings. The electrostatic charge causes the coating droplets to be attracted to the electronic devices, resulting in less overspray and a more efficient use of the coating. This means that less coating is needed to achieve the same coverage as traditional spray methods, resulting in cost savings for the customer.
Another advantage of liquid electrostatic spray is the improved transfer efficiency. The electrostatic charge causes the coating droplets to be attracted to the electronic devices, resulting in a higher percentage of the coating being deposited on the devices and less being wasted as overspray. This results in a more consistent and even coating, with fewer drips and runs.
In addition, liquid electrostatic spray technology can be used to apply a wide range of coatings, including primers, topcoats, and more. This versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of electronic device manufacturing applications.
In the electronic manufacturing industry, liquid electrostatic spray is particularly useful for computer cases and other electronic devices that have complex shapes or tight spaces where traditional coating methods may be difficult to apply. The electrostatic charge helps to ensure that the coating is attracted to all surfaces, even those that are difficult to reach or have irregular shapes. This results in a more efficient and effective coating process.
Furthermore, liquid electrostatic spray can be used to apply multiple layers of coating, which is important for electronic devices where multiple layers of coating are required to provide protection and durability.
Overall, liquid electrostatic spray is a highly efficient and cost-effective method of applying liquid coatings to the exterior of computer cases, monitors, and other electronic devices. It offers a range of benefits including increased coating savings, improved transfer efficiency, and versatility in application. And as a result, it is widely adopted by electronic manufacturing industry for coating computer cases and other electronic devices.


15 - 30 minutes, 5 - 15 minutes
Purpose/Objectives - Quick Description
Take a few minutes to learn about your colleagues by chatting about something a little different from the norm. One of the oldest original serendipity generators!
Ask the Players to get in their People Science teams or form groups of 2 to 4 people and get them to discuss the following for at least 5 minutes:
- Tell me about an interesting project or activity you are involved in
- Tell me something I don't know about you
- What do you think we might have in common?
- After ~5 minutes bring everyone back together to continue the day
- Flip chart and markers - and/or paper
- Debrief the best connections/learnings with the whole group
- Consider some other PS exercises/Relationship Makers to expand the relationships after this exercise
People Science Data Capture:
Capture, capture, capture. Integrate it into your People Science data set so that you can enable the connections beyond just the small groups
15 - 30 minutes, 5 - 15 minutes, break down barriers, discussion, energizer, exercise, icebreaker, networking, small groups


How To Keep Your Immune System Healthy
With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the upcoming cold and flu season, consider the following tips on keeping your immune system naturally healthy by making your defenses as strong as possible.
The foods you eat play a role in the health of your immune system. A diet high in added sugar, salt and fat will not provide the nutrition your body needs to function at its best. Make meals balanced with lean protein, whole grains, heart healthy fats, low-fat dairy, fruits and vegetables. Aim for 5-7 servings of fruits and vegetables per day to get the vitamins, minerals and antioxidants your body needs to support immune health. Also consider the use of probiotics which are “good bacteria” that promote health. They can be found in products such as yogurt, kefir, and kombucha or by taking a supplement.
When your body is under stress, you produce more of the stress hormone, cortisol, which increases your inflammatory response. Over time, a higher level of inflammation causes an overworked immune system that won’t be able to protect you. Stress reduction strategies, such as meditation or mindfulness and yoga, listening to music or writing, give your body a break and decrease pressure on your immune system.
Not getting enough sleep on a consistent basis can lead to a lowered immune system and increased risk for illness. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night. For good sleep habits, try going to bed and waking up at the same time each day. To allow your brain to wind down, avoid bright lights as you get ready for bed to help with the body’s production of melatonin, a hormone that promotes sleep. Turn off electronic devices, smartphones, TVs, computers 30 to 60 minutes before going to bed.
Not only does exercise contribute to your general health and well-being but also contributes to improved circulation which allows the cells and substance of the immune system to do their job more efficiently. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week. Try going for a walk, joining an online fitness class or HIIT workout.
The National Institutes of Health reports there is no scientific evidence that any alternative remedies such as herbal therapies or essential oils will prevent or cure COVID-19. While the tips above may not prevent an illness from occurring, a healthy immune system provides extra protection to your body.


- Pilots Notes & Aircraft Type-Specific Material
- Trainer Aircraft
- AIRSPEED OXFORD PROFILE #227: 25 PAGES with ADDED VALUE INFORMATION PACK and LARGE CUTAWAY DRAWING
AIRSPEED OXFORD PROFILE #227: 25 PAGES with ADDED VALUE INFORMATION PACK and LARGE CUTAWAY DRAWING
The Airspeed AS.10 Oxford was a twin-engine monoplane aircraft developed and manufactured by Airspeed. It saw widespread use for training British Commonwealth aircrews in navigation, radio-operating, bombing and gunnery roles throughout the Second World War.
The Oxford was developed by Airspeed during the 1930s in response to a requirement for a capable trainer aircraft that conformed with Specification T.23/36, which had been issued by the British Air Ministry. Its basic design is derived from the company's earlier AS.6 Envoy, a commercial passenger aircraft. Performing its maiden flight on 19 June 1937, it was rapidly put into production as part of a rapid expansion of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in anticipation of a large-scale conflict.
As a consequence of the outbreak of war, many thousands of Oxfords would be ordered by Britain and its allies, including Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, Poland, and the United States. Following the end of the conflict, the Oxford continued to achieve export sales for some time, equipping the newly formed air forces of Egypt, India, Israel, and Yugoslavia. It was considered to be a capable trainer aircraft throughout the conflict, as well as being used a general-purpose type. A large number of Oxfords have been preserved on static display.


Linux and Unix ecosystem mainly used command line based. While working with command line and C Shell we generally need some values to use with commands. Shells provide environment variables for this. This environment variables can be managed with
setenv command like add, change and remove.
setenv command is very simple we just need to provide the variable name and data
setenv VARIABLENAME DATA
List All Environment Variables
We can use
setenv in order to list all environment variables currently defined in C Shell.
Add Environment Variable
We will start by creating come environment variable and setting some data to it. We can use lowercase or uppercase letters bu the general usage is uppercase letters. In this case we will create a variable named
MYIP and set value
$ setenv MYIP 192.168.1.10
Print Environment Variable
We can print specific environment variable with
echo command. We will provide the environment variable and and prefix with
$ . In this example we will print environment variable named
MYIP like below.
$ echo $MYIP
Pass Environment Variables To Sub or Child Shell
Linux process and shell architecture provides the ability to run sub process or shell. Sub process and shell will create a new environment. If we need to use current environment variables in the sub process or shell we just need to use them accordingly. For example in the following example we will print previously defined
MYIP in the
$ echo $MYIP
Set OR Update One Environment Variable Value
After assigning a value to a environment variable we may need to update it with new value. We can use
set command in order to update current environment variable with a new value. In this example we will update our variable MYIP with
$ set MYIP=192.168.1.20
Useful Environment Variables
There are a lot of default enviroment variables. Here are some of them.
USERstores current user name
PWDcurrent working directory
SSH_CLIENTthe ssh client IP address with source and destination port numbers


Assembling a genome from fragments of DNA sequence is often compared to assembling a puzzle. One of the problems researchers face with the increasing use of next-generation sequencing technologies is that the pieces of DNA sequence generated by the 454 or Illumina platforms are much smaller and far more numerous than those produced by the Sanger platform. Assembling these pieces into a genome for study is both costly and time-consuming.
DOE JGI researchers led by Deputy Director of Genomic Technologies Len Pennacchio and Advanced Sequencing Group head Feng Chen have developed a way to more efficiently assemble the short DNA segments.
DOE JGI researchers developed CLIP-PE for the de novo assembly of short reads.
(Image by MyklRoventine, Fotopedia/CC2.0)
As detailed in an article published January 9, 2012 in PLoS ONE, their approach involves the use of mate pairs, two short segments of DNA separated by an insert that can help align and orient the sequences across perceived gaps in a genome during the assembly process.
Chen and his colleagues developed a novel Cre-LoxP Inverse PCR Paired-End (CLIP-PE) methodology of quickly generating mate-pair libraries, which allow for a wide variety of possible combinations of the short sequences so that researchers can assemble a genome with fewer gaps, which in turn helps reduce the finishing costs. The team tested the method by generating Illumina mate pair libraries of 5 kb, 12 kb and 22 kb.


Men and women have major personality differences
Men and women have large differences in personality, according to a new study published Jan. 4 in the online journal PLoS ONE.
The existence of such differences, and their extent, has been a subject of much debate, but the authors of the new report, led by Marco Del Giudice of the University of Turin in Italy, describe a new method for measuring and analyzing personality differences that they argue is more accurate than previous methods.
The researchers used personality measurements from more than 10,000 people, approximately half men and half women. The personality test included 15 personality scales, including such traits as warmth, sensitivity, and perfectionism. When comparing men's and women's overall personality profiles, which take multiple traits into account, very large differences between the sexes became apparent, even though differences look much smaller when each trait is considered separately. However, the study indicates that previous methods to measure such differences have been inadequate, both because they focused on one trait at a time and because they failed to correct for measurement error.
The authors conclude that the true extent of sex differences in human personality has therefore been consistently underestimated.
More information: Del Giudice M, Booth T, Irwing P (2012) The Distance Between Mars and Venus: Measuring Global Sex Differences in Personality. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29265.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029265


When I was little my parents would always tell me that the cigüeña had brought me and if I was bad the cigüeña had the ability to come and take me back. They would say that the cigüeña brought good kids to the earth, but if they misbehaved they would take them back.
As Kevin recalled the tale of the stork that he so often heard when he was younger, he could not help but say a few times that his parents had been mean to tell him this. He did also say, however, that his grandmother had been the first one to tell him this story. Yet, as he said emphatically, it was his parents who would keep telling him over and over again as a warning to him of what the consequences of misbehaving could be.
This is a fairly common story similar to the myth that describes storks delivering babies to their prospective parents. Kevins story does more than provide an explanation of where babies come from though, and seems to have a twist because of its different emphasis. Kevins parents would emphasize the storks ability to return misbehaving children to whence they came, an entirely different emphasis and tone. This twist in the stork baby tale reveals and serves a more cautionary purpose for the young children who hear this tale. It is a reminder for very young children that they must behave well and listen to their parents if they still want to be with them, because otherwise, the consequences could be pretty drastic. In this way, the tale of la cigüeña, or the stork, told most often by parents or other caregivers, is meant to curb young childrens bad behavior and encourage them to be obedient good children that the stork will let stay at home.


An IP address is a fascinating product of modern computer technology designed to allow one computer (or other digital device) to communicate with another via the Internet. "IP" stands for Internet Protocol, so an IP address is an Internet Protocol address. IP address - Wikipedia
2. What is CMS ?
A content management system (CMS) is a software application or set of related programs that are used to create and manage digital content. CMSes are typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM)
3. What is SSO ?
Single sign-on (SSO) is a property of access control of multiple related, yet independent, software systems. With this property, a user logs in with a single ID and password to gain access to a connected system or systems without using different usernames or passwords, or in some configurations seamlessly sign on at each system.
All efforts have been made to make the information shown as accurate as possible. The Directorate of Urban Local Bodies (DULB) will not be responsible for any loss to any person caused by inaccuracy in the information available on this website. Any discrepancy found may be brought to the notice of the DULB to further improve the site.
Material featured on this website may be reproduced free of charge after taking proper permission by sending a mail to us. However, the material has to be reproduced accurately and not to be used in a derogatory manner or in a misleading context. Wherever the material is being published or issued to others, the source must be prominently acknowledged. However, the permission to reproduce this material shall not extend to any material which is identified as being copyright of a third party. Authorization to reproduce such material or DULB Logo must be obtained from the departments/copyright holders concerned.


U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions Drop by 3.8 Percent
According to Bloomberg BNA, the U.S. Energy Information Administration is reporting that U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide are down significantly. Thanks largely to greater natural gas production made possible, in part, by fracking. From Bloomberg BNA:
U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption and production declined 3.8 percent in 2012, reaching their lowest level since 1994, the Energy Information Administration said in a report released Oct. 21.
Annual carbon dioxide emissions associated with the energy sector totaled 5,290 million metric tons in 2012, a decrease from 5,498 million metric tons in 2011, and a 12 percent decrease from a peak of 6,023 million metric tons in 2007, according to the EIA.
The decline came even as the U.S. economy grew by 2.8 percent in 2012, the EIA said in its report "U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2012." That was the largest emissions decline recorded in a year with positive population growth as well, the agency said.
Reduced energy demand in 2012 meant the overall carbon intensity of the economy, expressed in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product, declined 6.5 percent that year, the EIA said. That is the largest annual drop observed since the agency began keeping records in 1949. Only 1952 and 1981 have recorded drops in the economy's carbon intensity greater than 5 percent, the agency said….
The shift from coal to natural gas is responsible for nearly 60 percent of the reductions, the report said. The remainder is due to increases in renewable and nuclear power generation, it said.
It is an enduring puzzle why environmental activists oppose the only energy production technologies (gas and nuclear) that actually make a big dent in carbon dioxide emissions from energy production.


Although new benefits are being discovered and studied every day, vitamin D is well known as an essential component of bone health. By helping the body to absorb calcium, vitamin D may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and related bone fractures.
Vitamin D is produced by our bodies when our bare skin is exposed to sunlight. Today, that’s not always possible. With modern indoor lifestyles, sunblock and climates that require skin to be covered up most of the year, it’s not always possible to get enough vitamin D from sunshine exposure alone.
Mushrooms specially labeled as being high in vitamin D are the only food in the produce aisle that may help you to boost this important vitamin in your diet.
Mushrooms grown in the sun can convert ergosterol, a natural component of fungi, into vitamin D, creating a vegan dietary source of this healthy bone building block.
Most mushrooms are grown indoors, which does not provide the right conditions to make them a significant source of the nutrient. So Monterey Mushrooms teamed up with the U.S. Department of Agriculture to replicate vitamin D-rich sunlight indoors for a much higher concentration of the vitamin than is normally found in mushrooms.
Together, they created a full line of mushrooms that produce and retain 50% of the recommended daily value of vitamin D per serving, even after cooking!
Look for our special vitamin D enhanced label, found on select packages of Monterey Mushrooms’ white buttons, baby bellas and portabella mushroom caps, available at grocery stores from coast to coast.
To find Monterey’s vitamin D enhanced mushrooms near you, or for more information, please contact us here.


Victor Hugo’s wonderful long poem The Big Story of the Lion was written for his grandchildren. It has been newly translated by Timothy Adès and illustrated with lino cuts by Emily Johns. This is a thick card concertina book.
extract from ‘The Big Story of the Lion’ i The Paladin A lion had clamped its jaws around a child, And carried it, unharmed, into the wild Forest, where streams and birds’-nests are at home. He’d seized it as one plucks a summer bloom, Not really knowing why, nor even torn The skin, through tender-heartedness or scorn; Contempt, or loving-kindness, or defiance. They’re serious beasts, and generous, are lions. The little prince was in a wretched plight: Raw meat and grass his diet, weak with fright, He cowered in the cave, half-perishing. He was the offspring of the local king: The boy was ten years old, with sweet bright eyes. The king had just the one child otherwise, A little baby girl of two; and since He was quite old, his thoughts were with the prince, The monster’s prey. The country-folk were awed: A lion more fearsome than their own liege lord! A hero wandered in. They told the brave Man what was up; he headed for the cave.
Linocuts by Emily Johns


Sea of Galilee nears maximum capacity for first time in 30 years
The freshwater lake has seen wide fluctuations in its level over the past few years
The Sea of Galilee on Tuesday neared its upper red line threshold, sitting only 32 centimeters (13 inches) below its maximum capacity — which it has not reached in 30 years.
The water level is now 0.32 meters (13 inches) below the upper red line, or 209.12 meters (686 feet) below sea level. The upper red line is 208.8 meters (685 feet) below sea level. The lake — the Sea of Galilee is actually a lake — is now 3.88 meters above the lower red line, the level at which water quality declines and causes damage to the ecological balance.
The water levels of the Sea of Galilee have seen dramatic highs and perilous lows in recent years. Only six years ago, the situation was extremely bleak.
On April 4, 2016, the lake level was 3.29 meters (11 feet) lower than today. The level measured at that time was 212.41 meters (697 feet) below sea level, or 3.61 meters (12 feet) below the upper red line.
The Sea of Galilee is Israel’s largest freshwater lake, and while it is no longer used as the main source of drinking water, it is still seen as a significant gauge of seasonal rainfall.
Even though the Sea of Galilee is nearing its maximum capacity, there are failsafes to prevent flooding. If the water level exceeds the upper red line, the Israel Water Authority opens the Deganya dam, located at the southern end of the lake.


Understanding Pre-Pandemic NAEP Trends: Setting the Stage for NAEP 2022
America is facing a crisis in education—whether it’s learning loss or missing learning. Our nation must understand the crisis completely to create the solution completely. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) provides the context for leaders to grasp the entire problem, from before COVID to now.
The divide between our nation’s highest- and lowest-performing students has widened in multiple grades and subjects.
- These trends emerge in grades 4 and 8 NAEP mathematics and reading, which show little change in average scores from 2009 to 2019 but clear patterns of divergence between lower- and higher-performers.
Changes in average and selected percentile scores, by assessment: 2009-2019
The nation’s lower-performing students are diverse across race, ethnicity, and parent educational backgrounds.
Selected Characteristics of Lower-Performing Students
Racial/ethnic composition of students who performed below the 25th percentile
And the nation’s lowest-performing students live in different regions and states.
Changes in selected percentile scores, by region and assessment: 2009-2019
Note: “Highest-performing” refers to students scoring at or above the 90th percentile. “Lowest-performing” refers to students scoring at or below the 10th percentile.
Find out more at nationsreportcard.gov.
NAEP, also known as The Nation’s Report Card, is the longest-running, nationally-representative assessment program for the nation, for states and jurisdictions, and for 27 urban districts.


Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles|
Appendix 1: Early Missiles and Drones
|Copyright © 2003 Andreas Parsch|
In 1944, the Interstate Aircraft and Engineering Corp. designed a tailless jet-powered assault drone, which was designated as BDR by the U.S Navy (in the apparently very short-lived "BD-for-Assualt Drone" category). The two engines of the BDR were located near the wing roots, but it is not clear whether they were to be turbojets or simpler pulsejets. Scale models of the design were tested in wind tunnels, but I don't know if any full-scale XBDR-1 prototypes were ever built. However, the latter seems to be not too likely, and the program was most probably dead before the end of World War II.
|XBDR-1 (wind-tunnel model)|
Note: Only very limited data on the planned XBDR-1 design is available.
Data for XBDR-1:
|Wingspan||15.75 m (51 ft 8 in)|
|Weight||4900 kg (10800 lb)|
|Propulsion||2x air-breathing jet|
 Thomas D. Reisert: "Tests of a
1/17-Scale Model of the XBDR-1 Airplane in the NACA Gust Tunnel", NACA Report WR-L-539, 1944
 Roy A. Grossnick: "United States Naval Aviation 1910-1995", Naval Historical Center, 1997
Back to Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles, Appendix 1


|by Laurie J. Schmidt
May 18, 2001
A severe drought combined with poor soil conservation practices can lead to extreme topsoil erosion, with devastating effects on the land. This is just what happened in the Great Plains region of the U.S. during the 1930s Dust Bowl years.
In May 1934, a cloud of topsoil from the Great Plains blanketed the eastern U.S. as far as 2,400 km (1,500 miles) away. In 1935, the U.S. established the Soil Conservation Service to promote good soil management practices. But according to some experts, this is not enough. Human-accelerated soil erosion continues to occur because much of the Great Plains is suited to moderate grazing rather than farming. And in 1975, the Council of Agricultural Science and Technology warned that severe drought in the Great Plains could trigger another Dust Bowl.
In semiarid grasslands, such as the Sahel region, dust storms are often generated where the ground has been stripped of vegetative cover by cultivation or grazing. The path of dust from a single desert storm can be traced as far as 4,000 km (2,500 miles).
Desertification occurs when land surfaces are transformed by human activities, including overgrazing, deforestation, surface land mining, and poor irrigation techniques, during a natural time of drought. Desertification in the Sahel can largely be attributed to greatly increased numbers of humans and their grazing cattle.
Most overgrazing is caused by excessive numbers of livestock feeding too long in a particular area. Extreme overgrazing compacts the soil and diminishes its capacity to hold water, and exposes the soil to erosion.
Although the relationship between drought and human influences is complex, desertification can be successfully mitigated if financial resources are available. But exploding population growth in developing African nations means that pressures on the land there will continue to intensify.


Scientists at our Cambridge Research Institute have turned their gaze from the lab bench to the stars, teaming up with researchers from the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge.
Writing in The Times (requires payment), science editor Mark Henderson explores this unlikely collaboration, and how it could help cancer patients in the future.
Here’s a short excerpt:
The hunt for supernovas, young stars and planets in distant solar systems has had an unlikely spin-off: British astronomers are adapting the tools of their trade to help medical colleagues to improve diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Sophisticated software developed to pick faint objects of interest out of dense star-field images is being redeployed to screen tissue samples from breast cancer patients for clues to their prognosis and treatment.
It allows scientists to screen tens of thousands of tumour samples to investigate whether patients live longer when certain biomarkers are used to inform therapy. Such studies could lead to more personalised medicine, by which patients are treated according to the individual characteristics of their cancers.
“The type of data involved is really quite similar,” [astronomer Dr Nic Walton] said. “We generate huge amounts of data — 500 gigabytes a night. But we are often interested in faint signals we need to pull out — faint infra-red from a young star clouded in dust, a faint supernova going off in another galaxy, the wobble in a star’s light as a planet transits in front.”
The team realised that similar techniques could be used to pick out signals from tumour samples — such as the proportion of cells that had been stained to denote high levels of particular chemicals that affect cancer prognosis or response to treatment.
At the moment, the team is testing how well the astronomers’ technology can analyse tumour samples, and more work is needed before it’s suitable for use on a larger scale. But the project highlights the importance of collaboration between researchers in different scientific fields to push forward innovative new solutions for beating cancer.
Read the full story on The Times’ website (requires payment).
- Outer space research may benefit cancer patients: How research from the US space programme may help reduce bone damage caused by radiotherapy


Leaking Heart Valves
Patients living with leaking heart valves have more options than ever. A bio heart valve or mechanical heart valve may be the best option to repair a damaged heart. A leaking heart valve not only puts additional strain on the hardest-working muscle in your body, it can lead to aneurism or separation and further damage to your heart.
Mechanical Heart Valve
One option patients may be offered is heart valve replacement. A mechanical heart valve has several
advantages. Primarily, there is little to no risk of the valve itself being rejected by the body. A mechanical valve may not wear out as quickly as a bovine (harvested from a cow) or porcine (harvested from a pig) heart valve. Patients may, however, require blood thinners when living with a mechanical heart valve.
How Long Do Pig Valves Last in Humans?
The answer varies. The valves last an average of seven to ten years in patients over 65. Conditions affecting the metabolism of calcium in the body, especially in children and young adults, increase the chances and the speed of failure of a bio heart valve.
Bio Heart Valve
A bio heart valve, which is harvested from either a cow or pig heart may be implanted either using a structure called a stent, or may be “stentless.” The likelihood of a bio heart valve failing depends on the individual patient’s condition and a number of other factors. Your doctor can help you decide which type of valve is right for you when considering bicuspid aortic valve replacement options.
Biological Heart Valve Pros and Cons
The primary advantage of a bio heart valve is that it does not require the patient to take blood thinners. Up to three percent of patients will not benefit from this advantage, because they require blood thinners for another condition. Mechanical heart valves require the patient to be on a blood thinner for the rest of their lives, but the valve is more likely to last a lifetime without requiring replacement. Your doctor can help you decide which valve replacement option is the right one for you.


As gateways to knowledge and culture, the Lower School Library and Rainbolt Family Library play an important role in supporting a Heritage Hall education.
The Rainbolt Family Library
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A Destination for Learning
Serving grades 5-12, the Rainbolt Family Library, located in Harris Hall, is a destination for learning that fosters purpose, creativity, and curiosity. Our mission is to help students discover who they are, explore their passions, and become lifelong, independent learners.
Guided by the American Association of School Library Standards Framework for Learners, the library aims to help equip students to think, create, share, and grow. Within this framework, the library staff works with students in six key commitment areas:inquire, include, collaborate, curate, explore, and engage.
Our library staff works with classroom teachers and students to provide each Heritage Hall student with a personalized experience within this framework to prepare them for college, career, and life. Through collection development, curation of top-tier research databases, and one-on-one instruction, students receive an embedded education in information literacy skills.
Lower School Library
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More than Just Books
The Lower School Library seeks to cultivate a love of reading in emerging and proficient readers and create enthusiastic researchers and writers.
Serving ECC-fourth grade, our library program strives to expose students to all literary genres and a wide range of topics. Library lessons work in conjunction with the curriculum to reinforce core subject areas and teach students how to navigate different resources and find and access age-appropriate books and databases.
Lower School students participate in several book award programs, including the Oklahoma Sequoyah Book Award (grades 3-4), the Redbud Read-Aloud Award Challenge (grades K-1), the Irma Simonton Black and James H. Black Award for Excellence in Children's Literature (grade 2), and the Cook Prize for STEM books (grade 3).
Heritage Hall is an equal opportunity employer committed to a diverse community promoting fairness, acceptance, equal treatment, and opportunities for all. With regard to hiring, student admission, allocation of financial aid, and educational policy, it is our policy not to discriminate and to comply with all applicable state and federal laws prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, gender, national origin, religion, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, disability, veteran status, or other applicable protected classification.


Inti Raymi Day
Inti Raymi is a public holiday that’s observed annually on June 24th in Peru. It’s a holiday that’s based on an Incan festival that is a celebration of the winter solstice. In the southern hemisphere, the winter solstice is the shortest day of the year and the beginning of the Incan New Year.
Originally, when the Inca Empire was celebrating this holiday, it was observed in Cusco in the main plaza (also known as the Haukaypata). Modern celebrations involve people wearing colorful costumes, music, and people sharing food with one another. As was the case with ancient ceremonies, these modern ceremonies are designed to symbolize the mythical origin of the Inca people.
The History Of Inti Raymi In Peru
The winter solstice was an important time of the year to ancient Incans. After this day, the length of each day begins to go up again. Four ceremonies would be celebrated over the course of the year, and the Inti Raymi was one of the most important ones of the year.
This ceremony would last for nine days and was marked by not only ceremonial greetings to the sun, but also through dancing and colorful processions. It was a day that celebrated the Incan people’s origin and their wish for a good harvest season.
Spanish colonists and Catholic priests would end up banning the ceremony and it would remain banned for over 400+ years. It was eventually revived in 1944 and has been celebrated by the indigenous cultures of the Andes ever since.
Observing Inti Raymi In Peru
This holiday is a major tourist attraction in Cusco and people from all around the world attend the ceremonies. That’s why the city center is closed on this day to regular traffic. People attending can see colorful dancing, processions, and ceremonial events. To spread word about this holiday, the hashtag #IntiRaymi can be used on social media.


For most of us, stress is a necessary part of life — think about it. Although too much stress curtails productivity, a complete lack of it will kill it off in its entirety. We need a certain modicum of stress to keep us motivated as responsible adults. The stress of having my water turned off motivates me to pay the bill on time; the volatility of the job market ensures we are duly diligent when it comes to job performance.
But for children? That’s a different matter, especially if they are suffering from chronically stressful circumstances over which they have no control.
Study after study has shown that toxic stress can actually thwart brain development in young children. One of the latest studies published in October in JAMA Pediatrics asserts that children who live below the poverty level have smaller white and cortical brain matter. In another study, Princeton researchers found that children living at or below poverty level were 1.5% more likely to experience developmental delays when compared to other children.
The social implications are obvious — that’s why the Nurse-Family Partnership has been studying the impact of intervention programs on young children for the past thirty years.
Their most recent research reveals a mixed bag of results when it comes to the efficacy of such programs. The first dichotomy has to do with who’s actually leading the intervention. They found that in-home interventions conducted by nurses at the ages of 6 and 9 have a positive effect on behavioral issues; however, those conducted by paraprofessionals (unlicensed assistants) have a negligible impact.
The second dichotomy has to do with socio-economic statsus; the researchers discovered that when it comes to effective interventions, racial disparity has decreased over the years. This is good news. However, disparity between the haves and have nots has increased. This is particularly troubling because of the above-mentioned effects of poverty on a young child’s brain development — the process short-circuits when a child is faced with the stress of chronic need.
The irony of the situation is heartbreaking — these are the very children who need quality interventions the most. Fortunately, the Partnership is always searching for ways to better their programs and to improve the quality of life for all children in need.
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Amnesty International has released its compilation of global data on the use of capital punishment around the world, from sentencing to execution. Read the report, entitled “Death Penalty in 2019: Facts and Figures,” here.
Among the findings from Amnesty International are:
- during 2019, there were 657 executions in 20 countries;
- last year saw the fewest executions that Amnesty International has recorded in “at least a decade”;
- the top five countries carrying out executions in 2019 were ranked: China (1st), Iran (2nd), Saudi Arabia (3rd), Iraq (4th) and Egypt (5th); and
- four countries were responsible for 86% of all reported executions: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Egypt.
Of course, China’s figures are not considered reliable, as the country considers its death penalty information to be a state secret. How many people died last year in China as a result of capital punishment is unknown.
For more on China’s history with the death penalty, read earlier discussions in:
- Amnesty International Death Penalty Report: China Secrecy Still a Problem
- China Death Vans at an End? China Announces Cut in Crimes Carrying Death Penalty
- In Depth Look at the Law: Secrecy in China; Successfully Hiding the Truth About Executions for Profit from the World
- In Depth Look at the Law: China Death Vans and China’s Widespread Corruption; There is No Fairness in China’s Criminal Justice System
- In Depth Look at the Law: China Death Vans and the Sale of Human Organs Harvested from Death Penalty Executions.


St. Ambrose School offers Pre-K3 and Pre-K4 classes. The Pre-K program allows families to choose whether their students attend full-time or part-time. More information regarding the full-time and part-time program are located here. Students practice rhyming, identifying shapes, colors, counting, and recognizing numbers and letters. Pre-K begins a Phonics program learning to sound out words, recognize sight words, and identify the beginning and ending sounds of words. Fine motor skills are enhanced by writing letters and words, cutting and pasting, and playing with puzzles. Students also work in Math Centers, Block Centers, Kitchen Centers, Language Centers, and Dress-up Centers. The “Everyday Mathematics” and the reading program “Happily Ever After”, begin in Pre-K. Students start attending mass in the church once they are taught procedures and will be assigned a church buddy to help them during this time. Mass is played in their homeroom until they begin going to the church with the rest of the study body.
Their daily routine includes a morning snack break, 30 minutes of uninterrupted free play, and a 90-minute nap time. In addition to their core curricular classes, they also take the following classes: Art, Computer, Spanish, Music, PE, and Library.
St. Ambrose has two classes of full-day kindergarten, led by a full-time teacher and one teacher assistant shared by the two classes. Phonics is continued in kindergarten and students are introduced to double phonograms, learn to sound out words, read sight words, and write a complete sentence. Most students can read by the middle of kindergarten. Students receive a good understanding of numbers, and are introduced to addition and subtraction and many other concepts with the help of a Math series entitled “Everyday Mathematics”. This Math program has a very hands-on concept-oriented approach. The Reading program used is called “Superkids”. Religion is taught daily and the children attend Mass every Wednesday. Social skills are enhanced, especially through sharing and cooperation. All children have a snack/rest break.


The PCB printer is becoming more popular and shared in the modern world. Technology allows for the printing of more complex circuits that are used to make the printer.PCB printers have introduced new ideas in the future of electronic consumers. They appeared on the scene in the 1990s and are believed to have been inspired by DARPA.
1.Types of PCB printers
1.PCB Printer–Optomec printers
Potomac manufactures them. The printer is funded by the Israel office, the ministry of Economy. It is the world’s number one 3D PCB printer and is capable of multilayer prints. Reasonably priced and ideal for small businesses. It was developed by students and is a circuit board prototyping machine. The printer’s outstanding performance won it the Dyson award.
Even though the printer is not sleek, it is an excellent printer for start-up businesses. It is a multilayer 3D printer that works great.
2.The Diyouware PCB printer
Most printers have trouble vibrating, which is thought to be a big problem for many businesses. As a result, there was a need to come up with a printer that does not vibrate. Diyouware was designed with this in mind. It is a PCB printer that is powered with Arduino Mega, A4988 motor drivers, and RAMPS.
It is another PCB printer that can be used to maximize in-house prototyping.
It is important to note that PCB printing technology is still growing, and as it stands now, it is likely to take the printing industry to the next level. The PCB printers are becoming popular owing to their functional ability. They have found a lot of applications in small-scale businesses. Unfortunately, the printers have limitations because they are silver-based nano inks. This means that they can only withstand specific temperature ranges. Thus, the ink must be engineered to behave in a particular manner.


There are a few different reasons that your poinsettia may develop yellow leaves. The most common reason for yellow leaves on a poinsettia is when the plant is getting either too much water or too little water. Make sure that you are watering your poinsettia when the top inch of soil in its pot is dry, but not before. When you give the plant water, keep watering until the moisture drips from the drainage holes at the bottom of the container.
Poinsettias can also develop yellow leaves as a result of a nutritional deficiency. When poinsettia plants have a shortage of magnesium or molybdenum, their leaves can turn yellow. However, over fertilization can result in yellow leaves as well.
Finally, root rot can result in yellowed foliage on a poinsettia. To check for root rot, gently pull up your plant to examine its root system. Plants suffering from root rot will have roots that are dark instead of the pale color of healthy roots, or the roots may be mushy and soft or slimy. If you see these signs, let the plant dry out on a stack of newspaper before placing it back in its container with fresh new soil. Make sure the container has drainage holes and that the holes are large enough to provide sufficient drainage. Consider switching soil to something that offers more air circulation and drainage. Finally, adjust your watering to avoid oversaturating the soil where your poinsettia is growing to avoid root rot problems.


Turns out global warming isn’t causing the cooler winters. Funny that.
No Trick Zone reports below
Journal Nature Refutes PIK’s Fantasy-Rich Science That A Warmer Arctic Causes Extreme Cold Snaps
The reality is we are heading into a cooler period. Since the launch of global temperature tracking satellites in the late 1970’s, it is true that the variation in temperature has seen a warmer temperature in the past decade. However, the past few months we’ve seen global temperatures drop to the point where we are 0.2 degrees above the 43 year average.
However, in the increasingly bizarre theories that our pseudo climate scientists come up with. A few years back the cooler winters in mid latitudes has been explained by some alarmist scientists as being caused by a warming arctic.
20 years ago the prediction was that cold winters would be a thing of the past due to global warming. However facing severe cold winters in the populous Eurasia regions, alarmist have claimed that the warming Arctic is to blame.
Facing a rather embarrassing fail on predicting ever increasing warming, the alarmist were frantically trying to justify the freezing temperatures in the continent and came up with the polar vortex theory.
This was the theory that the warming Arctic was messing with the jet stream and delivering freezing winters further south. It’s the old warming globe causes colder weather yarn.
In what has to be the biggest piece of irony, over the same period that the claims of increasing cooling due to increased warming has seen decreased cooling along the same latitudes in the Americas.
The logic of natural variation seems to be about the only thing the scientists don’t attribute our varying climate to. But I guess there is no money in stating the bleeding obvious.


By STANLEY N. KANZAKI
• Michi Nishiura Weglyn (1926-1999). She authored the book “Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America’s Concentration Camps,” which revealed the truth and the injustices perpetrated by the U.S. government upon our people during World War II. 真実－ Shinjitsu.
• Iva Ikuko Toguri (1916-2006). She took the rap unjustly for the ten so-called “Tokyo Roses” with indomitable courage and dignity before the U.S. District Court. After serving over six years in the federal prison, she was given a full and unconditional pardon by President Gerald R. Ford in 1977 due to perjured testimonies during her trial. 勇気 － Yūki.
• Mitsuye Endo (1920-2006). She was the litigant in the case of Ex parte Endo who remained incarcerated in three different concentration camps, stood fast courageously and won her case that freed 120,313 Japanese Americans out of America’s concentration camps. 信念 － Shinnen.
• Mine Okubo (1912-2001). Through her book, “Citizen 13660,” she illustrated and wrote and with her paintings told the story of the unjust incarceration of the Japanese Americans into America’s concentration camps during World War II. 記録 － Kiroku.
Lest we forget.
Stanley Kanzaki writes from New York.


Joseph Mary Plunkett was a poet and writer from a privileged background. He was born in an affluent area of Dublin to wealthy parents, his father had even been made a papal count. Joseph suffered continually with his health after contracting tuberculosis (TB) as a child.
He was always interested in Irish culture and heritage, and after joining the Gaeilic League, he met Thomas MacDonagh with whom he would become fast friends, and work with to set up The Irish Theatre. He also helped found the Irish Volunteers. When he became a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, he was sent on secret missions, including one to Germany to meet with Roger Casement, where he was instrumental in securing the promise of arms from the Germans, to support the 1916 Rising.
On Good Friday, 1916, Plunket was recovering from an operation in a nursing home. This didn’t stop him showing up for the rising, where he fought from the G.P.O. When the band fled to a house in Moore Street, Plunkett left a note behind for his love, Grace Gifford. It said
“This is just a little note to say I love you and to tell you that I did everything I could to arrange for us to meet and get married, but that it was impossible.”
Nevertheless, the couple were married in Kilmainham Prison chapel seven hours before Joseph Plunket was executed for his part in the Easter Rising, aged just 28.