“The ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter is always the same: 3.14159… and on and on (literally!) forever. This irrational number, pi, has an infinite number of digits, so we’ll never figure out its exact value no matter how close we seem to get. Reynaldo Lopes explains pi’s vast applications to the study of music, financial models, and even the density of the universe.”
Learn more about π (pi) in The infinite life of pi from TED-Ed by Reynaldo Lopes and animated by Igor Coric. Plus:
And if you’re interested in memorizing pi…
“Piphilology comprises the creation and use of mnemonic techniques to remember a span of digits of the mathematical constant π. The word is a play on the word “pi” itself and of the linguistic field of philology.
“There are many ways to memorize π, including the use of piems (a portmanteau, formed by combining pi and poem), which are poems that represent π in a way such that the length of each word (in letters) represents a digit.
“The record for memorizing digits of π, certified by Guinness World Records, is 70,000 digits, recited in India by Rajveer Meena in 9 hours and 27 minutes on 21 March 2015. In 2006, Akira Haraguchi, a retired Japanese engineer, claimed to have recited 100,000 decimal places, but the claim was not verified by Guinness World Records…”
Try starting with the first 50 decimal digits: 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 41971 69399 37510… or check out One Million Digits of Pi.
• Celebrate Pi Day with NASA: Math challenges for K-12 students and educators, parents, museums, science centers and planetariums.
This Webby award-winning video collection exists to help teachers, librarians, and families spark kid wonder and curiosity. TKSST features smarter, more meaningful content than what's usually served up by YouTube's algorithms, and amplifies the creators who make that content.
Curated, kid-friendly, independently-published. Support this mission by becoming a sustaining member today.


New research published in the Journal of Cleaner Production reported that, “From 2003 to 2018, the mean GHG emissions associated with the US diet fell by more than 35%, from 4.02 kg CO2e per day per capita, to 2.45 kg CO2e per day per capita, despite average caloric intake remaining relatively stable over the same period. Average beef consumption declined 40% per capita over the study period, which contributed to more than 50% of the observed GHG savings in the diet over the study period.
All demographic variables included in this analysis (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and ratio of family income to the federal poverty level) exhibited a reduction in GHG emissions associated with their diets. However, GHGs and overall rate of change differed across demographic subgroups. Black women had the lowest GHG emissions associated with their diet, 1.92 kg CO2e per capita per day. Men aged 20–34 had the largest rate of reduction in GHGs associated with diet changes, with an average annual decline of 210g CO2e per day per capita over the study period.
Despite GHGs associated with the US diet falling over the last 15 years, the US diet is still exceeding established GHG limits to meet global targets, such as the Paris Agreement. Additional research is needed to better understand motivations and drivers that have reduced emissions in the diet over this period, particularly in demographic subgroups that showed both low impact and a rapid decline in emissions.”
Citation: Clare Bassi, Rachael Maysels, Rob Anex, Declining greenhouse gas emissions in the US diet (2003–2018): Drivers and demographic trends, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 351, 2022, 131465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131465.


For A Renewable Energy Future
The clean energy transition and the rise of renewables are powering society towards a greener future. To arrive at this future, we must invest in the best and most sustainable technologies to let us get there with the environment intact.
We need green energy storage solutions to capture renewable power and deliver it reliably and securely to consumers.
Redox flow technology
Redox flow batteries are designed to capture renewable energy safely and securely.
Flow batteries have great potential to advance the clean energy transition. A key advantage they have over lithium-ion technologies is that they can store electricity for much longer periods of time. The standard running time of lithium-ion-based batteries is 4 hours. Flow batteries have greater running times compared to lithium-ion batteries. Depending on the component materials, flow technology has the potential to achieve running times of up to 100 hours and beyond.
Redox flow technology stores liquid electrolytes in two external tanks on either side of the battery. The size of these tanks can be made larger or smaller depending on the customer's needs allowing for greater flexibility.
Rivus batteries, unlike other leading technologies on the market, require no metals to be mined. Lithium-ion and Vanadium redox flow batteries have a high environmental price as the extraction process is bad for the environment.
A major downside to using metals such as lithium and vanadium is that they are mined, processed and produced in several countries increasing their transport-related carbon emissions. There need to be more environmentally friendly energy storage options that allow us to arrive at a sustainable future without further damage to the planet.
Rivus cares not just about reaching this renewable energy future but how we get there. Our batteries use a molecule from stone coal which is a readily available organic material. Using coal means we can limit the negative environmental externalities associated with rare metal mining. An abundant resource coal is found in most countries and not as vulnerable to raw material security problems. Rivus doesn’t burn any coal in our production process, we simply extract our organic molecule from it.
Rivus’ ambition is to keep our supply chain on a national level, our batteries can be produced in most countries lowering our environmental footprint. This means we have a more secure supply chain and our batteries are less vulnerable to resource scarcity.
are built for


The Chhau dance is indigenous to the eastern part of India. It originated as a martial art and contains vigorous movements and leaps. Though Chhau is famous not only in India but World over the origin of word Chhau is yet in mystery. Chhau is believed to have found its origin from "Chhaya" the shadow. But the Chhau performers of Purulia use Mask while dancing and that mask is told as "Chhau". Perhaps Chhau Dance might have derived its name from that mask,the Chhau. Some chhau pundits opine the Chhau has got its name from "Chhaushree". Inarguably, the word chhau has been derived from the word 'CHHAUNI' the camp camped at the time of military operation. The folks say that chhau was performed to entertain the Oriya warriors inside the camp and has spread now knowing no boundaries.
Some Chhau dances use large stylized masks. The depiction of birds and animals is a distinctive feature. There are also heroic dances with sword, bow or shield, with which dancers demonstrate their dexterity. In keeping with the martial origins of Chhau, some of the themes include the depiction of mythological heroes, such as Parashurama, Mahadev, Indrajit and others, from the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics. Over the course of time, female characters and more diverse themes were added.
There are three recognized schools or styles of Chhau. These are the Seraikella, Purulia and Mayurbhanj varieties. Mayurbhanj Chhau dancers do not wear masks. In recent times, Mayurbhanj Chhau has become popular as a medium of choreography, with its wide range of postures and movements that adapt well to modern as well as traditional treatment.


Crinoids were first reported from the Cuyahoga Formation in northeastern Ohio by James Hall in 1863. However, these crinoids have not been re-examined in detail since the late nineteenth century. With the restudy of classical and more recent collections, ten (nine camerate and one disparid) species-level taxa are recognized from the late Kinderhookian Meadville Shale Member, Cuyahoga Formation, including the camerates Amphoracrinus viminalis (Hall, 1863); Aorocrinus helice Hall, 1863; Aorocrinus meyeri n. sp.; Aryballocrinus martini n. sp.; Cusacrinus daphne (Hall, 1863); Platycrinites s.l. contritus (Hall, 1863); Platycrinites s.l. graphicus (Hall, 1863); Platycrinites s.l. lodensis (Hall and Whitfield, 1875); and Platycrinites s.l. burkei n. sp. In addition, Halysiocrinus sp. is the first disparid reported from this fauna. Platycrinites s.l. bedfordensis (Hall and Whitfield, 1875) is designated a nomen dubium. Growth is evaluated for Aorocrinus helice and Cusacrinus daphne, which had contrasting development. The growth of the Aorocrinus helice calyx was largely not allometric but that of the primaxil plate was, suggesting the arms may have grown allometrically. In contrast, much of the calyx of Cusacrinus daphne displayed allometric growth.
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Vol. 86 • No. 3


How many syllables are in interpolations? 5 syllables
Divide interpolations into syllables: in-ter-po-la-tions
How to pronounce interpolations:
US English Accent and Pronunciation:
British English Accent and Pronunciation:
Definition of: Interpolations (New window will open)
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Interpolations Poems: (See poems with this word. New window will open)
Synonyms and Words Related to Interpolations
interpolation (5 syllables),
What do you think of our answer to how many syllables are in interpolations? Are the syllable count, pronunciation, words that rhyme, and syllable divisions for interpolations correct? There are numerous syllabic anomalies found within the U.S. English language. Can interpolations be pronounced differently? Did we divide the syllables correctly? Do regional variations in the pronunciation of interpolations effect the syllable count? Has language changed? Provide your comments or thoughts on the syllable count for interpolations below.
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A comprehensive resource for finding syllables in interpolations, how many syllables are in interpolations, words that rhyme with interpolations, how to divide interpolations into syllables, how to pronounce interpolations in US and British English, how to break interpolations into syllables.


San Pasqual Battlefield
State Historic Park - California
San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park honors the soldiers who fought in the 1846 Battle of San Pasqual, the bloodiest battle in California during the Mexican-American War. The battle was fought between United States troops under the command of General Stephen Kearny, and the Californio forces under the command of General Andres Pico on December 6, 1846. The 50-acre (200,000 m2) park is next to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, at San Pasqual Valley Road, south of Escondido, California on Highway 78 in San Diego County.The park is open only on weekends, and features a visitor center with displays about the cultural history of the San Pasqual Valley, exhibits, and a movie about the battle. Living history presentations are held at the park, with volunteers from the San Pasqual Battlefield Volunteer Association.
|California Pocket Maps|
Vintage USGS - San Diego - 1950
Vintage 1950 USGS 1:250000 map of San Diego in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
Vintage USGS - Santa Ana - 1947
Vintage 1947 USGS 1:250000 map of Santa Ana in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).


Yerba Mate cultivation has had a long history of evolution from its discovery by the indigenous cultures to commercial cultivation. Plantations grew rapidly with the arrival of the Spanish to South America, instituted to support growing local demand and exports. Among other cash crops like cocoa and coffee, mate was more difficult to domesticate and was harvested naturally in many accounts until modern farming methods were developed in the 19th century.
Yerba Mate grows best in subtropical jungle climates and is primarily cultivated in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It is made from the leaves and stems of the Ilex Paraguariensis, a small shrub which grows into a tree reaching 15-20 meters. It is recognizable by its dark green holly-like leaves, white flowers, and small red fruit produced on its branches. Harvested by machine or by hand, the leaves are then processed for consumption. Over time methods of processing have varied widely using different methods for drying and curing the leaves and stems. The traditional method for drying often involves the use of fire and smoke to dry the leaves. The drying process varies and different methods often result in different flavor profiles for the Mate.
At Yerbana, our mate is cultivated on an Organic and Fair-Trade family farm in Misiones, Argentina. The family farm is committed to ecological farming, planting thousands of native trees within the yerba mate groves to create shade, stabilize soil, and promote biodiversity while leaving dense corridors of native forest intact.


China Announces Climate Pact Target For Paris Meeting. China on Tuesday announced its contribution to a global climate pact that’s supposed to be adopted this year in Paris, pledging to reduce the intensity of its carbon emissions and to halt their growth by 2030.
During a visit to the French capital, Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang said in a statement that the world’s most populous nation and top carbon polluter will aim to reduce its emissions per unit of gross domestic product by 60-65 percent by 2030 from 2005 levels.
Beijing’s goals, which were formally submitted to the U.N. later Tuesday, also included previously announced pledges to achieve a peak in overall emissions around 2030 and to raise the percentage of energy consumption from low-carbon sources to 20 percent by that year.
Li said the targets show “that China is exerting its utmost in addressing climate change, and that China is fully committed to playing an even greater part in global governance and in advancing common development of mankind.” China Announces Climate Pact Target For Paris Meeting
The U.S. and the European Union have already announced their climate targets, meaning the world’s top three carbon emitters have now made pledges for the Paris deal, which would be the first agreement to require both developed and developing nations to take actions to curb global warming.
China announced some of its targets last year in a joint statement with the United States, injecting momentum into the climate talks by signaling that two countries that had previously been at odds in the negotiations were moving forward together.
After a meeting with Li, French President Francois Hollande said China’s contribution “confirms its commitment to build an `ecological civilization.'”
Environmental groups also applauded China’s contribution, though many had hoped for more ambitious targets.
“China has only ever been on defense when it comes to climate change, but today’s announcement is the first step for a more active role,” said Li Shuo of Greenpeace. “For success in Paris, however, all players – including China and the EU – need to up their game. Today’s pledge must be seen as only the starting point for much more ambitious action.”
Ritter reported from Stockholm.


This pack includes fun, hands on activities and games for teaching the digraph /wh/. These activities are great for individual or small group work. There are also posters that can be used for display and word wall cards that can be added to a word wall or used as flashcards.
The words used include:
Initial: whale, wheat, wheel, whip, whisk, whiskers, whistle, white.
What you’ll get in the wh words pack
There are reading, writing, matching and kinaesthetic activities. Here is what is included:
1. 2 /wh/ posters
2. 8 /wh/ word wall cards
3. 10 activities / worksheets including:
- Cut and Match
- Draw the Words
- Draw and Match
- Un-Jumble the Words
- Choose the Correct Spelling
- Find the Words
- Word Hunt
- Word Triangles
- Finish the Sentence
- Jumbled Sentences
4. 2 Games including:
- /wh/ bingo: simple and advanced
A sneak peek inside the pack
View the images below to see some of the activities and worksheets included in the pack! Or click here to download a preview of the file.
This item is also available in my Teachers Pay Teachers store.
Here’s what teachers are saying
“This was just what I was looking for!! GREAT!”
“Teaching digraphs now and needed wall cards. These are perfect!”
“Excellent work! You have saved me a lot of time!”
“Excellent product to support the introduction of /wh/.”
What do you receive after your purchase?
Once you have completed your purchase you will receive an email with your receipt and a link to download the item.
Click on the link in the email to open the resource as a PDF. You are then able to save the resource to your computer.
If you don’t see the email in your inbox check your spam or promotions folder.
Download your copy now
Pick this pack up today for an investment of only $5.00USD.
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The effect of Korean ginseng on disease-related fatigue
It is well known that fatigue, or the feeling of fatigue and asthenia, is a multifaceted symptom of unknown etiology and varying severity that affects many people in the course of illness.
In traditional Eastern cultures, ginseng has been used for centuries to increase energy and improve people’s health and well-being.
Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng, family Araliaceae), and in particular its dried root, which is its drug in traditional Chinese medicine, helps to invigorate vitality, rejuvenate the pulse, replenish the spleen and lungs with energy, nourish body fluids and blood, and calm the mind.
In recent years, this plant and its derivatives have also been widely used in the form of dietary supplements in Western countries as a tonic, to boost immunity and to reduce fatigue and tiredness.
To date, some 40 active substances of ginseng have been identified that exert a wide range of biological activities, including counteracting oxidative stress, immune regulation, anti-cancer and anti-aging actions, etc.
However, all these activities need to be confirmed and adequately supported by clinical studies.
This recent systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the effect of Korean ginseng on disease-related fatigue based on 12 randomized controlled trials selected from the medical-scientific databases Pubmed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane, involving a total of 1,298 patients.
Ginseng supplements had statistically significant efficacy on reducing disease-related fatigue and are useful in these settings by exerting a time- and dose-dependent effect, the review authors specify.
Overall, the results of the meta-analysis showed that a high dose of ginseng has statistically significant efficacy on the reduction of disease-related fatigue, as had already been shown in previous studies conducted in vitro and in vivo in animals.
If your company would like to develop and/or manufacture a product to improve disease-related fatigue
Source: Zhu J, Xu X, Zhang X, Zhuo Y, Chen S, Zhong C. Liu M, Wang Z. Efficacv of ginseng supplements on disease· related fatigue: A svstematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Ba/timore). 2022 Jul 1;101(26): e29767.


This article is free to access.
Background: Perrault syndrome is a rare recessive and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss in males and females and gonadal dysgenesis in females. Mutations in seven different genes have been identified: HARS2, HSD17B4, CLLP, C10orf, ERAL1, TWNK and LARS2. To date, 19 variants have been reported in 18 individuals with LARS2-Perrault syndrome. Case presentation: Here we describe the case of an 8-year-old girl with compound heterozygous missense mutations in the LARS2 gene. We identified two missense mutations [c.457A > C, p.(Asn153His) and c.1565C > A, p.(Thr522Asn)] and subsequent familial segregation showed that each parent had transmitted a mutation. Conclusions: These results have implications for genetic counseling and provide insight into the functional role of LARS2. This case highlights the importance of an early diagnosis. Systematic genetic screening of children with hearing loss allows the early identification of a Perrault syndrome in order to ensure specific endocrinological surveillance and management to prevent secondary complications. Clinical data are compared with the other cases reported in the literature.
Carminho-Rodrigues, M. T., Klee, P., Laurent, S., Guipponi, M., Abramowicz, M., Cao-Van, H., … Paoloni-Giacobino, A. (2020, May 18). LARS2-Perrault syndrome: A new case report and literature review. BMC Medical Genetics. BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12881-020-01028-8
Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.


Fragment of a mosaic depicting a cupid sitting backwards on a dolphin, probably part of the flooring in the Cluny baths.
© Musée de Cluny. CVP.
Painted plaster from a lower-level room.
© A.-B. Pimpaud.
Imprint of a wooden framework in the vault of one of the lower-level rooms.
© A.-B. Pimpaud.
A deliberate choice was made to construct the building on two levels, as it was built on the side of the Sainte-Geneviève hill. The result is that only the northern and central sections have a lower floor, as the hill's natural slope was probably dug out in order to make the ground level.
Technical rooms on the lower level
This level contained mostly technical areas. Some of these areas had barrel vaulting that is still well preserved; imprints of the planking used to build them can still be seen in the masonry. The walls are generally built of small masonry, and large masonry blocks were used to reinforce the doors. In some rooms, the presence of painted plaster seems to indicate that these rooms were not strictly used for technical purposes.
The bathing circuit on the upper level
The upper level contained the bathing circuit. The rooms and areas that had hydraulic installations were vaulted, while the covered palaestrae were given flat ceilings. We can only imagine the painting, stucco or sheets of marble-now completely gone-that covered the walls, but the preparatory plaster layer can still be seen here and there.
No flooring has been discovered in situ. No doubt the floors were decorated in opus sectile, or even mosaics, as the fragment of a cupid astride a dolphin suggests.
It is possible that the windows were glazed, even double-glazed. The existence of another floor that completed the bathing circuit is the subject of debate.


Minimise Labour Cost
Record keeping for
The hi-res photos and data with Geographical Information System (GIS) collected can help generate a detailed and comprehensive site overview, especially in 2D Mapping, which is crucial to operations in vast area, such as urban planning, reclamation, and rural development, where accuracy can be of utmost important. The data of landscape and big area helps a lot in design and planning.
The non-intrusive nature of survey drones are also proven to be essential for data collection and inspection in densely populated cities, as infill development is a common phenomenon.
Progress monitoring is another common use of UAS. Instead of performing safety checks upon random occurrences, drones can be deployed on regular schedules for safety inspection and identify potential risks in advance.
Thermographic inspections can identify the fault in the system through locating irregularity and difference in temperature. It is commonly used in safety inspection of buildings such as pipes checking for water leakage, which facilitates property owners in recognising the issue sooner.
Hong Kong is well-known for its tall and densely built-up area, with piping systems usually covering the external building structure. Instead of manually checking, which can be impose immense risk on workers with use of the bamboo scaffolds and gondola, inspection with drones are deemed safer and cost-efficient.


Perhaps it’s a consequence of global recession, international cyber warfare, or just a new generation with convoluted morals, but the facts are the same. The internet is considerably more dangerous than it was a year or two ago.
A recent attack on Home Depot alone is rumored to have compromised around 60 million credit cards, complete with validation data like zip codes, CVV2 codes, and pin numbers. Details about the how this attack happened aren’t out yet, but it’s almost certain an internet connected system was the breach point. (Target’s recent credit card breach was made through such a system.)
And while retailers are struggling to secure their data and not be the next news headline, viruses and other malware continue to put individuals at risk.
Rarely do I see a computer that isn’t infected with some form of adware—perhaps 3 clean computers out of 10. Most adware is simply there to show you ads, but some bring along more malicious friends to the party, like key-loggers or bot-net clients.
How can you stay safe in this brave new world? Protecting your financial data is a good start—get a separate credit card or prepaid-Visa to use online. Never use a debit card online or with a pin number in stores. (processing as credit adds protection.)
Secondly, grab a good password manager (use a paper notebook, or try LastPass’s encrypted online service, lastpass.com). Create a long, unique password for every account you have. (long is better than complex.)
If this overwhelms you, have a chat with a computer security specialist. A free security evaluation is included in every Freedom Club subscription. In addition, we’ll take off adware whenever you’re infected, and with a yearly commitment, you’ll get a world-class security program to help you stay protected in the first place.


The Kėdainiai minaret is the only free-standing minaret in Lithuania. The minaret was built in 1880 by the Russian general Eduard Totleben, who was an owner of Kėdainiai manor. He built the minaret as a memorial to the Russian-Turkish war in which he had fought. Local legend also says that he built the minaret for his Turkish lover. The minaret is typical of Ottoman architecture. It is needle-topped, 25 meters high and has a balcony which can be reached by interior stairs. There are two plaques affixed to its wall. One is written in Ottoman Turkish and describes a beautiful palace built by the Ottoman sultan.References:
Goryōkaku (五稜郭) (literally, 'five-point fort') is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido. The fortress was completed in 1866. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.
Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Ayasaburō and Jules Brunet. Their plans was based on the work of the French architect Vauban. The fortress was completed in 1866, two years before the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate. It is shaped like a five-pointed star. This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.
The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Meiji government.
Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War.


Diagnosing Piriformis Syndrome
What is piriformis syndrome?
Piriformis syndrome is a condition in which the piriformis muscle causes pain in the buttocks. The piriformis is a muscle located deep inside the buttock area and near the top of the hip joint. It is used to lift and rotate the thighs and in any motion by the hips and legs, such as walking, maintaining balance, running, lifting, engaging in sports, shifting weight from one leg to the other, etc.
The sciatic nerve is also located deep inside the buttock area. The sciatic nerve runs alongside the piriformis muscle, and after branching off into smaller nerves, it ends at the feet. The piriformis muscle can become irritated or spasm which causes pressure on the sciatic nerve. This results in pain that initiates in the buttocks, sometimes extends down the back of one or both legs, and occasionally enters the feet.
A health care professional should be consulted if pain or numbness in the buttocks or legs lasts longer than a few weeks or if symptoms frequently come and go.
How is piriformis syndrome diagnosed?
A definitive test for piriformis syndrome does not yet exist. During the diagnostic process, a health care professional will ask about an individual’s medical history, symptoms, and any activities that aggravate the pain. Symptoms should be discussed in detail for a thorough review. A doctor will perform a physical exam, including a range-of-movement test, to determine if the pain is exacerbated while stretching the piriformis muscle.
Since the symptoms of piriformis syndrome are similar to other health conditions, eliminating the possibility of other medical conditions is essential for a proper diagnosis. Imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, may be ordered to determine if arthritis, spinal cord compression, a ruptured disc or a herniated disc is the cause of pain. An ultrasound of the piriformis muscle may also be ordered. Magnetic resonance neurography (another type of imaging test) may be performed to identify sciatic nerve irritation. Finally, if other diagnostic tests fail to provide a definitive diagnosis, an electrophysiologic nerve study may be conducted.


Summer Reading Grade 1
“Books aren’t just made of words. They are filled with places to visit and people to meet” - Anonymous.
Reading is one of the most important and fulfilling means to master the tool of language. Reading at an early age not only helps children learn new words and ways to express themselves; but also teaches new concepts, allows them to better understand emotions, and enhances their imagination. Reading time is a beautiful ritual that allows parents and children to connect and unwind.
As your child moves into first grade, we have selected the following list of books that will hopefully inspire your child to explore, engage in conversations and ask questions. We suggest reading with your child a minimum of 15 - 20 minutes a day. We have included parent resources and conversation starters to help further stimulate their brains and help them learn and grow.
We hope you enjoy our book list for our 2023 “Dive Into Summer” reading.


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With every new stroke a child learns, they will be developing self-confidence and a sense of accomplishment. Learning to swim will also help your child learn how to set goals and persevere until they have reached their target. Swimming is also a great means of showing your child what they can achieve with dedication and regular practice. Speedo's research has also shown that swimming can make us feel more confident about the way we look.
Swimming is a relaxing and peaceful form of exercise that is great for alleviating stress, improving coordination, balance and posture, and improving flexibility
Swimming is all about setting goals and achieving them. Swimmers are driven to reduce the time it takes them to finish a lap or two, or more!
The non-stop focus on numbers translates well within the classroom by reinforcing the desire to achieve better and greater results; cultivating the drive to reach higher each day. Swimmers learn to focus at highly productive levels, and to take directions, and make quicker decisions than non-swimmers.
As children grow, they can sometimes become clumsy, and awkward. They have to learn to balance themselves on land all over again, and the water is no different! Swimming year round keeps up with their changing bodies and makes sure they know how to overcome the challenge of how to stay buoyant when there's more body to balance.
THERE IS NO AGE LIMIT OR DISABILITY THAT IS EXEMPT FROM SWIMMING.
It's a rare sport that actually levels the playing field.
You can control the pace, intensity, and outcome of every swim session.
Swimming is generally considered an individual sport, but swimming lessons will give your child an opportunity to develop their social skills such as how to respect other people's space, that everyone has a different body and learns at a different rate, and how to act appropriately around others.
Summer enrollment has begun!
Summer classes start June 12.
Don't wait - classes fill quickly.


The Bruce Nuclear Power Plant wants to ship radioactive waste on the Great Lakes to Sweden, causing public opposition to the idea. Many groups and coalitions have been organizing to stop this shipment on the Great Lakes. Seven U.S. senators from the five Great Lakes states have asked the Department of Transportation to do a thorough review before the shipment crosses into U.S. waters. Bruce Power has told the public that there is no risk to the public or the environment and that this is all ‘low-level’ radioactive waste. The CEO of Bruce Power, Duncan Hawthorne admitted that there was no emergency recovery plan if the ship sinks in the Great Lakes, but added that there would be enough to take care of the problem. The welds that seal the radioactivity in the steam generators are capable of holding to a depth of 800 feet, which is the exact depth of some areas of the Great Lakes shipment route. The Great Lakes holds about 20% of the Earth’s surface fresh water and provides drinking water for 40 million people. The projected shipment route would navigate Lake Huron, the St. Claire River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Welland Canal, Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence River, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Source: “Broad Coalition Reinforces Opposition to Radioactive Steam Generator Shipment on the Great Lakes” Beyond Nuclear, November 23, 2010
Student Researchers: Zach Clapp and Michael Harris
Faculty Instructor: Kevin Howley Ph.D.
Evaluator: James G. Mills Ph.D., Professor of Geosciences


What is Run-length Encoding?
Run-length Encoding (RLE) is a simple compression algorithm for video encoding and other digital data processing applications. It reduces the amount of data needed to represent an image or video by identifying repeated data patterns and replacing them with a shorter symbol. This makes the data more compact and easier to store and transmit.
For example, if a video frame contains a sequence of 15 white pixels, instead of storing each pixel individually, RLE would represent the sequence as "15w." This significantly reduces the amount of data needed to store the frame and the amount of data that needs to be transmitted during video streaming.
One of the key advantages of RLE is its simplicity. It is easy to implement and can be applied to various data types, including images, videos, and audio. It is also very fast and can be used in real-time applications like video streaming.
Drawbacks of RLE
However, RLE has several drawbacks that limit its effectiveness in certain applications. One of the main drawbacks is that it is not very effective for compressing data that contains a lot of randomness or complexity. In these cases, RLE may increase the data size because it requires additional symbols to represent the data.
Another drawback of RLE is that it is not very flexible. It can only identify consecutive runs of the same data value and cannot handle more complex patterns or variations in the data. This limits its usefulness in applications that require more advanced compression techniques.
Run-length encoding and LZ77
LZ77 is a compression algorithm that is often compared to RLE, as it also works by identifying patterns in the data and replacing them with shorter symbols. However, there are some key differences between the two algorithms.
In LZ77, instead of replacing runs of the same data value with a single symbol, it replaces repeated data patterns with a shorter symbol that points back to the location of the original pattern. This allows for more efficient compression of complex data patterns and is often combined with other compression techniques to achieve even greater compression ratios.


Certosa of Padula
The Certosa di Padula, located in the Vallo di Diano, is also known as Carthusian Monastery of San Lorenzo, and is the largest Carthusian monastery in Italy and among the most famous in Europe.
In 1998 was declared World Heritage by ‚UNESCO. The Certosa was built in 1306 by Tommaso Sanseverino on the site of an existing monastery and is dedicated to San Lorenzo. Its structure recalls the image of the grill on which the saint was burnt alive.
The history of the building covers a period of about 450 years. The main part of the Certosa is in Baroque style and occupies an area of 50,500 m² on which they built over 320 rooms.
The monastery has the largest cloister in the world (about 12,000 sq m) and is surrounded by 84 columns.
A large spiral staircase, white marble, leads to the large library. The Carthusian rule preaches painstaking work and contemplation, and there are different places in the Certosa for their implementation: the peaceful cloisters, the library, the chapel decorated with precious marbles, the large kitchen, where, according to the legend, was prepared a frittata of 1000 eggs for Charles V, the large cellars with huge barrels, the laundries and neighboring areas where fruits and vegetable were cultivated for the livelihood of the monks as well as traded outside the monastery.
Today the Monastery houses the archaeological museum of Lucania, which contains a collection of finds from excavations in the necropolis of Sala Consilina and Padula. The exhibits cover a period from prehistory to the Hellenistic.


Suniti Solomon, a microbiologist who detected India’s first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1986, has died of cancer. She was 75.
AIDS cases were first reported in the US in 1981, but for the next five years, Asia’s second-most populous country did not detect even a single person with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
But Solomon, then a professor of microbiology at the Government General Hospital in Chennai, burst that bubble for India.
Along with one of her students, Solomon investigated 100 blood samples collected from sex workers who were living in a shelter in Chennai. Among them was a 13-year-old-girl who had been forced into the sex trade.
By the time the reports were assessed, Solomon’s worst fear had come true. Six blood samples—including that of the 13-year-old girl—tested positive for HIV. Multiple cross-examinations of the reports, including at John Hopkins University in the US, confirmed the results.
“When we detected the first cases, even doctors and health professionals were divided in their opinion,” Solomon said in 2009. “They did not want us to proceed. Even today the same attitude exists among hospitals and doctors who are reluctant to treat (HIV) positive people.”
Since then, India has gone on to record millions of HIV cases. According to the United Nations, in 2013, 2.1 million Indians—the third largest in the world—were living with HIV. More than 130,000 people died from AIDS-related illness that year.
But progress has been made: Between 2000 and 2011, new infections dropped by 57%.
Solomon set up the country’s first voluntary counselling and testing centre for AIDS. In 1993, she established the Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education. She even hired the 13-year-old girl who was among the first to be detected with the disease.
By 2009, the institute had some 12,000 registered patients.
A trained pathologist, Solomon belonged to the Gaitonde family—famous for their leather trade business. She had moved back to India in 1973 after stints in the UK and the US.
“My biggest fear is a resistant virus,” Solomon said in 2009. “Then we would need new drugs, which means more money for research to find new drugs.”


July 7 in 2022
Shōsho (小暑) is the 11th of 24 solar terms in the traditional East Asian calendars.
Shōsho (小暑) literally means small heat.
The end of the rainy season is near, and it gets really hot around this time. Cicadas start to chirp.
From Shōsho (小暑, July 7th) or Taisho (大暑, July 22nd) to around Risshū (立秋, August 7th) is Shocyū (暑中, mid-summer on the calendar) and it is the period people send Shochū-mimai (暑中見舞い, postcards or letters offering best wishes for the hot season) to their friends and relatives.
24 Sekki / 24節気
～ 24 Divisions of The Solar Year; 24 Terms Used to Denote The Changing of The Seasons ~
Category : 24 Divisions of The Solar Year , Japanese Culture , text @en
Tag : 24 divisions of the solar year , 24sekki , corona virus , COVID-19 , COVID19 , Emergency , Japanese culture , season , tanabata , The coronavirus , 日本の文化


Photo credit: Smithsonian Magazine
A farmer in southern Zinder, Niger, collects leaves that will feed his sheep. (Chris Reij)
The “Great Green Wall” Didn’t Stop Desertification, but it Evolved Into Something That Might
The multibillion-dollar effort to plant a 4,000-mile-long wall of trees hit some snags along the way, but there’s still hope
It was a simple plan to combat a complex problem. The plan: plant a Great Green Wall of trees 10 miles wide and 4,350 miles long, bisecting a dozen countries from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east. The problem: the creeping desertification across Africa.
“The desert is a spreading cancer,” Abdoulaye Wade, Senegal’s president and the wall’s standard bearer, said. “We must fight it. That is why we have decided to join in this titanic battle.”
There were just a few problems.
Planting trees across the Sahel, the arid savanna on the south border of the Sahara Desert, had no chance to succeed. There was little funding. There was no science suggesting it would work. Moreover, the desert was not actually moving south; instead, overuse was denuding the land. Large chunks of the proposed “wall” were uninhabited, meaning no one would be there to care for the saplings.
Soon after Wade began touting the tree planting plan, scientists began dissenting.
“This was a stupid way of restoring land in the Sahel,” says Dennis Garrity, a senior research fellow at the World Agroforestry Centre.
“If all the trees that had been planted in the Sahara since the early 1980s had survived, it would look like Amazonia,” adds Chris Reij, a sustainable land management specialist and senior fellow at the World Resources Institutewho has been working in Africa since 1978. “Essentially 80 percent or more of planted trees have died.”
Reij, Garrity and other scientists working on the ground knew what Wade and other political leaders did not: that farmers in Niger and Burkina Faso, in particular, had discovered a cheap, effective way to regreen the Sahel. They did so by using simple water harvesting techniques and protecting trees that emerged naturally on their farms.
Read the full article: Smithsonian Magazine


Canada’s Prime Minister Stephen Harper adopts American plans, or lack of plans, to combat climate change. For one thing, he claims he will clean up city smog, and that will fix the warming ruining Canada’s arctic.
This is the first of a two-part exploration of the theory and practice of smog control as climate policy. I interview a cloud specialist from the University of British Columbia, Dr. Phil Austin. We re-discover another inconvenient truth – smog has helped shelter us from the true impacts of all the greenhouse gases we’ve already dumped into the atmosphere.
According to Dr. Austin, the world should already be 3 degrees hotter than before the industrial revolution, instead of 1 degree now. There’s already that much carbon and other gases up there. But smoggy particles, sometimes continent sized banks of them, are reflecting sunlight, and causing chemical reactions, that protect us – unless it gets washed away in the rain….
In my opinion, this interview has lasting value. Pick it up as part of your own questions about our strange climate (and why it will get stranger.)
There is no copyright. Feel free to rebroadcast this piece.
radio [at] ecoshock.org


4.14: Comma Styles
- Page ID
- Change comma style.
At times, you may also wish to use a specific comma style with numbers entered into an Excel worksheet. For example, you may wish “1234” to display as typed or with a comma like “1,234.”
Comma styles are easy to change in Excel using a quick select option in the Number group in the ribbon.
When using the Format cell dropdown option from this area, select the “Use 1000 Separator (,)” option to include a comma. You can also choose if you would like any decimal places to be displayed in this same window.
The easiest option to include a comma is simply to click on the Comma Style button in the Number group.
When clicking the comma style button, the comma style default is to display numbers with a comma in the thousands place and include two decimal places (Ex: “1200” becomes “1,200.00). This will also change the visible cell styles in the Style” area of the ribbon so you can easily select different options for comma and display format.
Below are three different options for comma and display format.
- Comma: Comma with two decimal points
- Comma : Comma with no decimal points
- Currency: Comma with two decimal points and a dollar sign
Contributors and Attributions
- Comma Styles. Authored by: Shelli Carter. Provided by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution


What We Teach
The Spanish department’s mission is to encourage students to appreciate and connect language and culture to the real world by improving their understanding of Spanish. Advancing students’ speaking, listening, and writing skills, while motivating them to learn and love Spanish, reinforces the importance of being bilingual in California. Each student understands that learning Spanish requires focus, motivation, practice, and a willingness to use Spanish during classroom activities and on a daily basis. Spanish classes at GMS help improve fluent and non-fluent speakers’ literacy skills; however, it takes more than just skills to become a fluent or successful Spanish speaker. At GMS, each student engages in an individual and group Spanish-learning process that embraces an inclusive learning environment with engaging discourse and innovative instructional technology. Providing a respectful, rich, and safe classroom environment ensures that every student is able to apply herself, take risks, make and rectify mistakes, and work on her understanding and use of the language during her three years in the GMS Spanish Language Program.
Why We Teach It
Spanish at GMS is an interactive program designed to provide a rich learning environment to our students. In both the fluent and the non-fluent speakers’ classes, students experience an engaging learning environment that uses challenging, exciting, and fun Spanish activities in the classroom and within the Latino community to enhance understanding of the Spanish language and its diverse culture and heritage.


Family conflicts are common, especially where one parent invests more heavily in offspring provision; Mike Ritchie and Constantino Macias Garcia will study how such conflict may influence gene expression variation in the placenta-like structures of species of Mexican fish
Family relationships are not always peacefully cooperative. Parents may differ in how much effort they wish to invest in parental care; a good evolutionary strategy may be to maximise the effort your sexual partner expends rather than your own, as this would leave you with more resources to spend in future reproduction. Parents and offspring also differ greatly in how much resource should ideally be devoted to current reproduction. It has been appreciated for some time that such conflict may influence patterns of gene expression in the placentae of live-bearing animals.
Genes which influence resource transfer between mothers and offspring are often expressed in the embryo or placenta and the optimal level of expression may differ between partners. Gene expression in placentae and embryos can be ‘fine tuned’ by epigenetic regulation such as methylation, where specific alleles can be regulated or programmed by the parents to show reduced expression in their offspring, so the amount of methylation in placentae can represent the outcome of intra-family genetic conflict and resolution.
Much of what we know about such systems comes from humans and standard laboratory mammals. However, vertebrate live-bearing originally evolved in fish, and fish vary greatly in the extent of live-bearing versus egg-laying and in the intensity of sexual selection and sexual conflict.
This project aims to measure the extent of methylation in the trophotaenia (placenta-like organ) of a group of live-bearing Mexican fish, the Goodeidae. Our team will sequence the genome of several species of the group and examine patterns of gene expression and genome methylation in the placentae and other tissues. Specifically, we wish to examine if there are greater genetic signatures of family conflict in species with more elaborate mating systems, which is an indication of greater levels of sexual selection, where conflict should be more intense. This will provide new insights into the evolutionary patterns of gene regulation during the evolution of live-bearing reproduction, and will widen our perspective of the epigenetic regulation of placental genes in vertebrates and on the evolutionary extent of genetic family conflicts.


As the Biden administration ends Title 42, a public health policy implemented by the previous administration to turn away migrants at the border amid the COVID-19 pandemic, many cities are bracing for an influx of migrants. New York City, in particular, has begun busing migrants to its northern suburbs, sparking tensions among residents and officials.
Title 42, implemented by the Trump administration in March 2020, allowed the U.S. to immediately expel migrants, including asylum seekers, back to their home countries without due process. While the policy was meant to limit the spread of COVID-19, it was widely criticized for violating human rights and endangering migrants.
With the end of Title 42, the Biden administration has begun processing migrants and allowing them to enter the U.S. to apply for asylum. This has led to an increase in migrants being released into the country and the need to find temporary housing for them.
In New York City, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that the city would begin busing migrants to its northern suburbs to be housed temporarily. The move has sparked tensions among some residents and officials in those suburbs, who fear the impact of the influx of migrants on their communities.
Other cities across the U.S. are also preparing for an increase in migrants, with some opening up new shelters and others turning to community organizations for help. The end of Title 42 is expected to bring relief to many asylum seekers who have been stuck at the border for months, but it also presents challenges for local communities tasked with providing temporary housing and services.
As the U.S. continues to grapple with immigration policy, the end of Title 42 represents a significant shift in the country’s approach to asylum seekers and migrants. The impact of this shift will be felt not only at the border, but also in communities across the country.


Botanical name: Lepidagathis cristata Family: Acanthaceae (Acanthus family)
Crested Lepidagathis is a perennial herb, with almost no stem. Branches, 20 cm long, arise out of a globose head on the ground, and spread out. Leaves are stalkless, 3-6 x 0.5-1 cm, linear-lanceshaped, velvet-hairy, pointed at both ends, margin entire to toothed. Flowers are also arise stalkless from this globose head. Flowers are pale pink, 2-lipped. The upper lip is notched, and the lower lip is divided into 3 lobes. It appears in dry places and waste lands.
Medicinal uses: Crested Lepidagathis, called Mullabanthi in Telugu, has been used by the yanadi tribe in Andhra Pradesh as a traditional medicine. It is used in the treatment of fever. It is also used in treating inflammations - aqueous extract of leaves mixed with Ocimum juice and the tuberous flower ash mixed with coconut oil is a concoction, which is applied on parts affected by inflammation. In Chhattisgarh, people use leaf extract for treating malaria. Leaf extract is also used in cleaning the cattle in rainy season. People also use it for relieving skin itch, burns and wounds. Recent research has identified phytoconstituents like alkaloids and glycosides and has provided support to the theraptic effects believed in traditional medicine.
• Is this flower misidentified? If yes,
The flower labeled Crested Lepidagathis is ...


An epistolary narrative is the telling of a story through a series of documents, rather than the traditional prose usually used in writing. The word comes from ‘ἐπιστολή epistolē’, which means letter.
The most common, and classic, form of epistolary narratives is through letters – so the story is told through letters sent between characters. Dracula and Carrie are classic examples of this. The whole story can be told through these letters, or just partially. It can add a new level to the story and create some really meaningful characterisation and relationships between your characters.
It doesn’t just have to be letters; epistolary narratives can involve diary entries, newspaper articles and journals, as well as other kinds of documents too.
This kind of writing has been used since hundreds of years ago, which is when letters were still a popular method of communication. More contemporary epistolary narratives go for emails, blog posts, or even radio or video recordings to tell a story.
Epistolary novels are still a big thing today. World War Z is an example, told through interviews. Also the children’s classic Diary of a Wimpy Kid is written in the form of a diary, so it’s another example of an epistolary narrative.
Here are some other great guides to help you if you’re interested in learning more about epistolary writing:
0 comments on “What is an Epistolary Narrative?”


World War, 1914-1918
Subject Source: Library Of Congress Subject HeadingsScope Note: Non-preferred terms: European War, 1914-1918; First World War, 1914-1918; Great War, 1914-1918; World War 1, 1914-1918; World War I, 1914-1918; World War One, 1914-1918; WW I (World War, 1914-1918); WWI (World War, 1914-1918) http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85148236
Found in 4 Collections and/or Records:
Hamilton Coolidge World War I Collection
Abstract Hamilton "Ham" Coolidge (1895-1918) was one of many young men from wealthy New England families who enlisted during World War I. The collection contains materials related to Captain Coolidge's service a pilot with the U.S. Army Air Service 94th Aero Squadron. Coolidge achieved Ace status, was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and was killed in action.
Nancy Harkness Collection of World War I Photograph Albums
Abstract Three albums of World War I photographs depicting various squadrons and corps of the United States Air Service stationed along the French-German border during and after the war.
Harold A. McGinnis Collection
Abstract Harold A. McGinnis (1893-1986) served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, Aviation Section as a pilot during World War I and remained in the military until his retirement in 1948. The collection contains pilot log books relating to World War I and photographs relating to World War I and pre-World War II era military aircraft.
James Pinger Collection
Abstract The collection contains a signed black-and-white portrait of World War I pilot and ace Eddie Rickenbacker and a certificate celebrating the 50th anniversary of United Airlines.
Found in: The Museum of Flight Archives / James Pinger Collection


Governments and society have recognized the need to reduce climate change by requiring more energy efficiency and reducing the dependency on non-sustainable energy sources. To fulfil these challenging commitments, hydrogen is expected to play an important role to efficiently store and distribute large amounts of energy in a space-efficient way, especially in the field of mobility.
For transportation applications, the overarching technical challenge relates to the safe storage of the hydrogen amount required for a conventional driving range, while complying with vehicular constraints of weight, volume and cost.
Current high-pressure storage systems are made of a plastic liner, which ensures gas tightness, around which a carbon-epoxy composite is wound. Such tanks, called “type 4” pressure vessels, are able to safely store hydrogen at a pressure of 700 bars. Still, these state-of-the-art tanks suffer from some limitations that makes it difficult to achieve a broader market introduction such as safety, performance, cost targets, refueling/emptying time, weight and volume, durability, life-cycle cost and recyclability.
To face these challenges, the THOR project aims to develop a cost-effective high-pressure thermoplastic composite hydrogen storage vessel for transportation applications. The project will result in a demonstrator vessel, complying with requirements for integration in vehicles.
The THOR consortium represents the entire supply chain for hydrogen storage, from technology developer to industrial manufacturer and end-user, which will strengthen the European supply chain and enhance the market uptake.


In the summer of 1765 the ship the ‘Earl of Sandwich’ set sail on a trip from London to Santa Cruz to the Canary Islands before returning home. It was at this last stop that they took on board cargo of Madeira, silk, cochineal, Spanish Dollars, jewels and a small quantity of gold dust, as well as some passengers Captain Glass his wife and daughter and their servant boy.
Seeing the treasure coming on board Gidley, St Quintin, Zekerman and McKinlie conspired to murder the Captain and steal the treasure. On Saturday 30th November during the night, while the ship was in the English Channel, they took over the ship disposing of the others on board overboard except the two cabin boys. They then turned the ship around and headed for the Irish Coast.
On arrival into Waterford harbour they took the ships boat and scuttled the ship. They rowed up the river, about two miles south of Duncannon Fort, and landed on a beach where they buried most of the treasure under the sand. Continuing up the river the landed four miles south of New Ross. They lost a substantial sum of the gold when it was stolen in an alehouse and exchanged a similar amount for pistols, horses and guides before making their way to Dublin.
Suspicions were raised that these men were spending a lot of money when a richly laden ship had been washed ashore without a soul on board. With these suspicions, officials were dispatched to apprehend the suspects. On receiving information that there were 250 bags of gold buried somewhere on the shore of the estuary the magistrate of New Ross dispatched two officials to, with the aid of the troops in Duncannon Fort, search the shoreline. On the second day of searching they found the treasure buried on the beach that since then has been known as Dollar Bay.


Be the Best You: Healthy Habits
In the age of COVID-19, cleanliness and healthy habits are important now more than ever. Protect yourself and your loved ones by taking care of your body and mind to be the best self you can be.
Keep your body and heart in shape by devoting time to frequent exercise. Get outside while amping up your endorphin levels. Exercise is proven to boost mood and release stress, so be sure to carve out time daily for some blood-pumping activity. If you have a passion for sports or dance, seek out opportunities to fuse those talents with fitness classes. Research local gym class offerings (such as Zumba or kickboxing) or join a local dance or fitness studio to help hold yourself accountable to weekly workouts. If you are a parent or grandparent, brainstorm fun ways to exercise with your little ones in a backyard or park. Love the water? Make time to swim laps in a local pool or lake while cooling off in the water.
Health and Hygiene
The coronavirus pandemic has showcased the importance of handwashing, frequent sanitation, and healthy habits to protect your immune system and slow the spread of germs. While wearing a mask and maintaining social distance are important in today’s world, basic habits are just as important to continue regardless of a pandemic. Regularly clean your bed sheets and linens, disinfect your cell phone, and avoid contact with public devices such as doorknobs, keypads, and store fixtures to stay healthy.
The most obvious health choices often pertain to your body but keeping your mind strong is just as important. Reading, writing, drawing, painting, or listening to podcasts are all great ideas to indulge to encourage relaxation and build brain power at the same time. Listen to music, write a short story, or talk to someone about your feelings to ensure you are taking care of yourself.
With a constant commitment to your body and mind you’ll be well on your way to a lifetime of healthy habits!


Reducing Gadget Addiction in Children with Traditional Games
Annur Galeh Pamungkas, a student of Elementary-School Teacher Education of Physical Education at UNY, feels that the current level of gadget addiction in children is quite alarming. Childhood is a time for growth and development that should be filled with learning to socialize and play. For this reason, Galeh teaches children in Giwangan to learn traditional games, namely egrang batok (shell stilts), bakiak (clogs), and jumping rope. "This activity not only reduces the use of gadgets for children but also preserves traditional games, which are almost extinct due to the rise of digital games," said Galeh.
Eegrang batok are stilt games that use coconut or bamboo shells as a foothold and are given a hook to lift the legs. Children walk with the shell as a foothold when they play with the shell stilts. For the game of bakiak, as many as three or more people can play together. Children must step together for this longboard game to move forward. This game trains cohesiveness and teamwork. In comparison, the game of jumping rope is a traditional game that can teach body flexibility.
"I usually play gadget games at home until I get bored. Now my friends and I play together and can enjoy togetherness and fun together," said Elgan, one of the children who learned traditional games from Galeh.
“With activities like this, children's character education and noble values will be easily accepted by playing. In addition, children have the freedom to be creative and expressive,” said Dr. Sigit Nugroho as Field Supervisor Lecturer. (Dedy, Tj.Lak)


Chapter 11, A Bat-Quiz…
The Batcave was ___.
A. created by Bob Kane in DETECTIVE COMICS
B. created by Bill Finger in BATMAN
C. created by Jerry Robinson in WORLD’S FINEST COMICS
D. created by Gardner Fox and Dick Sprang in the syndicated BATMAN comic strip
E. None of the above
So, what’s the correct answer? Play the video below and then scroll past it to find out!
The answer is E.
“The Bats Cave” (yes, it was plural) was created in the 1943 BATMAN movie serial. – Michael Uslan
Dr. Michael Uslan is a Professor of Practice at the Indiana University Media School. He is the Executive Producer of many award-winning movies, including Batman Vs Superman: Dawn Of Justice; The Lego Movie; and The Dark Knight Trilogy: Batman Begins; The Dark Knight & The Dark Knight Rises. He is also the Executive Producer of a wide range of TV movies, animated TV Series, and documentaries. He won an Emmy Award for “Best Animated Series” with his production of Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego? ®
Dr. Uslan was the instructor of both the first accredited college course and correspondence course on comic books (Indiana University 1971), and the author of the first textbook on comics, The Comic Book In America. He has authored a wide range of books and graphic novels, including, America At War- A History Of War Comics; Mysteries In Space- A History Of Science Fiction Comics; Best Of Archie; The Comic Book Revolution, and his memoir, The Boy Who Loved Batman. He worked with his friend and mentor, Stan Lee, on many comic books, including their most recent initiative, Just Imagine.
He is the recipient of the World’s first Doctorate of Comic Books, Monmouth University 2012, and also has a JD from Indiana University School of Law; M.S, Urban Education, Indiana University School of Education; and BA, History from Indiana University.


The Permanent Split Capacitor motor also has a cage rotor and the two windings named as main and auxiliary windings similar to that of a Capacitor Start and Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor. It has only one capacitor connected in series with the starting winding. The capacitor C is permanently connected in the circuit both at the starting and the running conditions.
The connection diagram of a Permanent Split Capacitor Motor is shown below:
It is also called a Single Value Capacitor Motor. As the capacitor is always in the circuit and thus this type of motor does not contain any starting switch. The auxiliary winding is always there in the circuit. Therefore, the motor operates as the balanced two-phase motor. The motor produces a uniform torque and has a noise-free operation.
Advantages of Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
The single value capacitor motor has the following advantages:
- No centrifugal switch is required.
- Efficiency is high.
- As the capacitor is connected permanently in the circuit, the power factor is high.
- It has a higher pullout torque.
Limitations of Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
The limitations of the motor are as follows:
- The paper capacitor is used in the motor as an Electrolytic capacitor cannot be used for continuous running. The cost of the paper capacitor is higher, and the size is also large as compared to the electrolytic capacitor of the same ratings.
- It has low starting torque, less than full load torque.
Applications of Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
The various applications of the split motor are as follows:
- Used in fans and blowers in heaters and air conditioners.
- Used in refrigerator compressors.
- Used in office machinery.
This is all about a permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor.
7 thoughts on “Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) Motor”
How is the PSC motor used as a variable speed motor in an air conditioning system?
Is a Permanent Split Capacitor Motor better and or safer for a bathroom fan motor than a Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor?
It’s really helpful
Very good, easy to understand answer, straight to the key points.👍


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Generally, rigidity refers to inflexibility or resistance to change. It has a number of specific meanings depending on the field of application.
Additional recommended knowledge
In medicine (neurology) rigidity describes an increase in muscle tone, leading to a resistance to passive movement throughout the range of motion.
In psychology, rigidity refers to an obstacle to problem solving which arises from over-dependence on prior experience, which makes it difficult for a person with experience in a specific problem domain to recognize novel solution strategies. This phenomenon is also known as a mental set. A specific example is functional fixedness, which is a difficulty conceiving new uses for familiar objects.
In solid mechanics, "rigidity" refers to the degree of deforming ability of a solid material. Modulus of elasticity with moment of inertia (E*I) is the numeric value of rigidity. According to this expression, one can see only two criteria affect deformation, which are geometry and the material of an object.
Rigidity is also known as the material property of shear modulus which is a measure of force per unit area needed to change the shape of a material.
|This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Rigidity". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.|


Purpose: To increase awareness of using both eyes (binocularity)
Method: Patient is Instructed to:
1. Stand erect and look at a distant object across the room.
2. Hold a pencil between the thumbs and forefingers of both hands.
3. Raise the pencil at arm’s length so that it is between you and the distant object.
4. Notice that while you are looking directly at the distant object, the pencil, viewed indirectly, will appear doubled.
5. Move the pencil to the right or left until the single distant object is seen between the two pencils.
6. Now look at the pencil directly. Notice that the distant object, viewed indirectly, is now doubled.
7. When you can do this at will, look at one target while you count: one, two, three.
8. Make 10 complete cycles between the pencil and the distant object.
9. When you can do this easily, concentrate on the pencil as you observe the doubled object change size and location:
a. As you follow the pencil inward, the distant objects should appear to be getting smaller and move farther apart.
b. As you follow the pencil outward, the distant objects should appear to be getting larger and move closer to each other.
Aspects to be Emphasized:
1. Awareness of doubling of the near and far targets when looking at the other.
2. Awareness of size and space changes as you fixate pencil while moving it toward and away from you.


Fr.: signal électromagnétique
Information transmitted by means of a modulated current or an electromagnetic wave and received by telephone, radio, television, etc.
→ electromagnetic; → signal.
Fr.: signal radio
A signal in the → radio frequency region of the → electromagnetic spectrum.
nešâl-e anjâl, ~ anjaalesh
Fr.: signal de saturation, ~ saturé
In radar, a signal whose amplitude is greater than the dynamic range of the receiving system.
→ saturation; → signal.
1) Useful part of the received information that can be distinguished from noise.
M.E., from O.Fr. signal, from M.L. signale "a signal," from L.L. signalis (adj.) "used as a signal, pertaining to a sign," from L. signum "signal, sign."
Fr.: rapport signal sur bruit
Concept used to quantify the effects of noise. It is the ratio of a signal to the standard deviation of the signal.
Fr.: seuil de signal
The minimum intensity of a signal that can be detected and recognized.


NIH Research Festival
Dogs with canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency or CLAD, similar to children with LAD-1, suffer from recurrent bacterial infections and early death due to the absence of the CD18 integrin on leukocytes. In CLAD dogs treated by gene therapy, peripheral blood analysis of T-cell subsets demonstrated an expansion of CD18+ T-cell populations over time. All four dogs were treated as 6-8-week-old CLAD pups with a reduced intensity conditioning regimen prior to infusion of CD34+ cells transduced with a foamy viral vector containing CD18. Peripheral blood obtained over 8 years was analyzed for myeloid and lymphoid subsets, and for gene correction by CD18 expression. Overall CD18+ leukocyte levels in the peripheral blood ranged from 2-13% at 8 years. CD18+ T-cell levels in the peripheral blood were notable, with CD18+ T-cell levels at 14-19% at 1 year post infusion, expanding to 36-54% by 8 years. Effector and memory T-cells showed a population bias of CD18+ CD4+ cells (39% vs 17% CD18–, 14% vs 8% CD18–, respectively). Naïve cells were disproportionately represented in CD18– CD4+ subsets (68% vs 32% CD18+). In conclusion, treated CLAD dogs provide a unique model to assess the role of CD18 in long-term T-cell subset maintenance and interactions. Memory T-cells in all cases were expanded in CD18+ T-cell compartments, whereas naïve T-cells were more highly prevalent in CD18– T-cell compartments. Therefore, newly arising CD18+ T-cells receive a strong selective advantage in antigen stimulation, leading to the increased presence of CD18+ cells in T-cell memory compartments over time.
Scientific Focus Area: Immunology
This page was last updated on Friday, March 26, 2021


History of Whale Camp
38 years of fun!
Established in 1984, The Whale Camp’s marine science program has had an exceptional experiential impact on hundreds of students ages ten to seventeen. The Whale Camp’s hands-on programming and vibrantly personal experiences brings students face-to-face to study whales, porpoises, seals, puffins and numerous other marine and avian species in their own natural habitat. These experiences have proven to be both life-affirming and life-changing, igniting and inspiring a passionate curiosity to learn more about our ocean’s and planet’s life processes.
THE WHALE CAMP’S MISSION
Dennis and Orma Bowen (above) started the Whale Camp in 1984. It was their dream to use the natural beauty, charm, and mystique of Grand Manan Island and the rich marine science resources in the Bay of Fundy as an outdoor experiential classroom to provide many of the missing elements of traditional education. They designed the Whale Camp’s marine science programs to be a truly hands-on, fun, and experiential learning adventure.
Sadly, Dennis passed away in June 2014. Orma and the Whale Camp staff are dedicated to carrying out Dennis’ vision and continue to provide a once-in-a-lifetime experience for all the aspiring adventurers and marine scientists that pass through their doors. Dennis inspired countless campers and educators over the years; his passion was infectious and there are undoubtedly former campers all over the globe educating, researching, and exploring while carrying out Dennis’ legacy.


In a heartwarming and unusual turn of events, two white tiger cubs were separated from their mother during a storm that flooded their sanctuary. Thankfully, they were taken in and cared for by a surrogate mother – a monkey.
The two cubs were born during a storm that caused flooding at their sanctuary, forcing them to be separated from their mother for their safety. Without a mother to care for them, it was uncertain if the cubs would survive. However, the sanctuary staff found a solution in an unexpected place – a female monkey who had recently given birth to her own offspring.
Despite being of different species, the monkey took on the role of surrogate mother for the tiger cubs. She fed them, groomed them, and provided warmth and comfort. The cubs, in turn, formed a bond with their unlikely caregiver, cuddling up to her and even trying to climb on her back.
The heartwarming images of the tiger cubs being cared for by their monkey mother have captured the hearts of people around the world. They serve as a reminder of the incredible bonds that can form between different species and the resilience of animals in the face of adversity.
The story of the white tiger cubs being cared for by a monkey mother is a heartwarming reminder of the incredible bonds that can form between different species. It also highlights the resilience of animals and their ability to adapt in the face of adversity. The images of the cubs cuddling up to their unlikely caregiver serve as a powerful reminder of the importance of compassion and kindness, not just towards our own species, but towards all living beings.


This winter has been relatively cold, with temperatures dipping below freezing on several occasions. So does a cold winter mean fewer bugs this spring?
Unfortunately, homeowners and business owners will get little help from the bitterly cold temperatures. What actually impacts insect populations is not how cold it gets in the winter but when spring weather arrives.
This article will explain why and what you should expect this spring. And no matter what pest problems you experience, Titan Pest & Wildlife is here to help! Our team has over 35 years of experience as professional exterminators getting rid of pests for our clients.
What Bugs Do During the Winter
We don’t see them during the cold winter months. So what are they doing? Most insects survive the winter as eggs, pupae, larvae, or as adults if they find areas they can inhabit, such as bark on trees, leaf litter, or in your home.
Once temperatures reach 40 degrees or lower, insects can’t move. At 45 degrees, they begin to move, but only slowly. As the weather gets warmer and warmer in March, bugs start moving quickly and begin multiplying. However, if it stays cold until April or even May, insects will miss one or more of their population cycles.
How Moisture Affects Bugs
So cold temperatures are not as crucial to early insect populations. Longer, colder spring months definitely play a role. But what else? Moisture – the amount of moisture is an essential factor. Arid conditions are harmful to bugs and will reduce their populations more than cold temperatures.
Many insects live in the soil and depend on moisture in the soil to survive. In addition, a drought will reduce the number of plants available as food for insects that rely on them.
On the other hand, too much water can have a different effect. Insects such as mosquitoes need water to survive – the more water, the more mosquitoes. However, too much water will have a negative impact on certain types of ants.
Pest Control Services
St. Louis and Kansas City are home to many different types of pests, and none of them are welcome in your home or on your property. If you’re dealing with a pest infestation of any kind, don’t wait for it to go away on its own. Protecting your home from pests can be a challenge. Our licensed and certified exterminators are committed to providing our customers with complete pest control solutions.
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(65e) Guidelines for Identifying and Mitigating Thermal Hazards of Sustainable Materials
AIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process Safety
2011 Spring Meeting & 7th Global Congress on Process Safety
Global Congress on Process Safety
Impact of Sustainability Efforts On Loss Prevention
Tuesday, March 15, 2011 - 4:00pm to 4:30pm
Sustainable materials and technologies (a.k.a. ?Green?) are those that are ?delivered with progressively less negative impact upon the Earth.? Thermal hazards such as self-heating, thermal runaway, fires, and explosions may be associated with a particular sustainable material or process technology. Thermal hazards are a result of the interaction between the exothermic reactivity of the material and the processing or storage conditions (e.g., environment, temperature, duration, size, and configuration). These materials and technologies may pose thermal hazards that only become apparent at large scale production and storage levels. With the move towards developing sustainable materials and technologies, many potential new hazardous scenarios for established organizations or for start-up companies may be identified. For example, scaling processing up from pilot to full-scale may lead to large enough material volumes that thermal hazards that were not identified at the pilot level become significant. Another example may be the increased size of stockpiles of materials required for full scale operations. This paper aims to provide an overview of several sustainable materials and green technology areas with a discussion of the potential thermal hazards presented. The paper will provide guidance for identifying potential thermal hazards in systems and for developing successful prevention and mitigation schemes against fires and explosions.
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Dec. 1 marks a day of remembrance for those lives lost to the AIDS virus, and a day to raise awareness about prevention and testing. When one-fifth of people living with HIV are Latino, and a quarter of new infections are occuring in Latino communities, more needs to be done to protect our loved ones.
The stigma around HIV within Latino communities impacts the turnout of testing among Latinos. Many Latinos do not get tested for fear of disclosing their sexual orientation, and for the fear of social rejection, according to CDC findings. HIV stigma stems from fear and misinformation of the virus.
Increased poverty and racial discrimination also contribute to the lack of adequate preventative HIV resources and health care among Latinos in the U.S. Approximately only 59% of Latinos who are HIV positive are receiving the treatment they need to live long and healthy lives, while maintaining an untransmittable viral level, according to the CDC.
The AIDS global epidemic began in June 1981, and has claimed the lives of 32.7 million people since the start of the outbreak according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS). Fear of AIDS was fueled by homophobia, as some called the epidemic the “gay plague.” Homophobia continues to be a major barrier to ending the HIV stigma.
Organizations like the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) are working to fight for HIV resources in U.S. Latino communities. LULAC is teaming up with the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the Partnering and Communicating Together (PACT) initiative, to increase testing among Latino communities and raise awareness in prevention and resources provided by local organizations.
“In 2020, LULAC recognizes the importance in re-committing ourselves as a nation to eradicate this epidemic and dissolve the stigma on HIV/AIDS fed by fear and myths,” says Sindy Benavides, LULAC National Chief Executive Officer.
Through the PACT initiative, LULAC was able to aid in administering over 1,798 free HIV tests in 2018. LULAC also has a dedicated HIV awareness page on its website, with information on free local testing and resources.


This report provides a detailed description of an evaluation, written by Judy Oakden, as part of the first BetterEvaluation writeshop process, led by Irene Guijt.
Peer reviewers for this report were Carolyn Kabore and Irene Guijt.
Independent external evaluators generally have to work within a range of constraints. Often there is less than ideal availability of time, money, or data. This article presents an example of how a team of external evaluators worked around these constraints on an evaluation in the education sector.
The evaluation process incorporated the use of a logic model to identify boundaries. It also featured the use of rubrics, to make evaluative judgements – their use supported robust data collection and framed analysis and reporting. The evaluation used a mixed-methods approach, which included qualitative and quantitative survey data as well as existing project data, which helped build up a rich evidential picture. Furthermore, an indigenous Māori perspective was present throughout the evaluation ensuring Māori views were heard, respected, and actioned within this mainstream project.
- Understanding the context
- Engaging and framing
- Description of the process
- Understanding causes
- Synthesizing and valuing
- Reporting and supporting use
- Changes as a result of the evaluation
Oakden, J. (2013) Evaluation rubrics: how to ensure transparent and clear assessment that respects diverse lines of evidence. BetterEvaluation, Melbourne, Victoria. https://www.betterevaluation.org/tools-resources/evaluation-rubrics-how-ensure-transparent-clear-assessment-respects-diverse-lines-evidence
This is part of a series
'Evaluation rubrics: how to ensure transparent and clear assessment that respects diverse lines of evidence' is referenced in:


Printing Instructions: To print this quiz, click on the above and select the print option.
G-d would lay them upon those who hated Israel.
To remember what G-d did to Pharaoh and unto all Egypt and that He would do the same to the nations.
That Hashem would send hornets that would chase the stragglers out into the open.
Burn them with fire, being careful not to remove the gold and silver.
That man does not live by bread alone, but by everything that comes from Hashem does man live.
A pure soul and clean spirit are more important than one's physical needs; creating wealth is not the most important thing.
That the people would forget all that G-d had done for them and say in their hearts, "My power and the might of my hand has gotten me this wealth."
Because of G-d's promise to the Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov, and because of the wickedness of the people already living there. What about the righteousness of B'nai Yisrael? No way; they had defied Hashem time after time.
That He would blot out B'nai Yisrael and make a new, bigger and more holy nation from Moshe
Hashem had redeemed them from Egypt and taken them into the desert. The Egyptians would say that Hashem had not been powerful enough to take them into the land and that He hated them so much He took them into the wilderness to destroy them.


List of Contents
What is the News?
Indian researchers have done a comprehensive analysis to understand the formation of blue stragglers.
What are Blue Stragglers?
Blue stragglers are a class of stars on open or globular clusters. They stand out as they are bigger and bluer than the rest of the stars.
Note: A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars. Globular clusters are very tightly bound by gravity giving them their spherical shapes and high concentrations of stars toward their centers.
First Discovered by: Blue stragglers were first discovered by Allan Sandage in 1953.
About the study by Indian Researchers:
Indian Researchers have studied 228 clusters with a total of 868 blue stragglers. They compared the mass of the blue stragglers to the mass of the turnoff stars (which are the most massive ‘normal’ stars in the cluster) and predicted the formation mechanisms. They have found that:
- Half of the blue stragglers are formed through mass transfer from a close binary companion star,
- One third are likely formed through collisions of 2 stars and
- The remaining are formed through interactions of more than 2 stars.
Significance of this study:
The study will help improve understanding of the stellar systems. It will help uncover exciting results in studies of large stellar populations including galaxies.
Source: This post is based on the article “Blue straggler – bigger and bluer star formed when one star eats up another” published in PIB on 2nd September 2021.


A member of the bean famıly (Fabaceae), in Turkey they are used in various ways: fresh like green beans and fresh shelled like green peas, but mostly in their dried form. See: Fabaceae.
A member of the family Fabaceae and originally from Central America, beans are grown in nearly every region of Turkey. There are many varieties; some of those used green in Turkey include Çalı (bush), Ayşekadın (Madame Ayşe) and Boncuk (Bead). Fresh beans are used in cooked dishes as well as in pickles and in jams. Dried beans, which are the seeds of mature bean plants, are one of the basic staples of Turkish cooking. There are many different manners of preparation from region to region, each with its own characteristic flavor. Dry beans may be prepared with cubed or ground meat, with pastırma or alone.
Chick Peas / Garbanzos
A type of legume (Fabaceae), it is mostly used in its dried form, though it is also sometimes eaten fresh. See Legumes.
A member of the bean family, (Fabaceae) with a straight taproot. In addition to the green or mature beans, some varieties such as Sakız, Sultani and Bayrampaşa are eaten young the same way as green beans. Fava beans are raised in nearly every part of Turkey. The dry beans are also used in various dishes; one of these is Fava, made from a puree of cooked dried favas.
A member of the bean family (Fabaceae), peas have been known since classical times. The seeds, or the seeds along with the pod are eaten; it is mostly used fresh, and canned rather than dried. It may be used in salads as well.


R. E. Jewell Elementary School in Bend celebrated the installations of its solar panels on Friday.
“The school district adopted a new sustainability plan. We’re looking to increase our renewable capacity so that’s one really huge thing that that district is taking a step forward to try and increase our capacity,” said Jackie Mueller, district sustainability and energy specialist. “This is really thanks to funding with Blue Sky and Pacific Power.”
Students were given a lesson on renewable resources and solar energy.
“It is really very fascinating, and I just found it very interesting and cool,” said student Madison Jordan.
RELATED: Tiny Oregon town hosts 1st wind-solar-battery ‘hybrid’ plant
RELATED: Mobile showcase allows community to test drive electric cars, e-bikes
The kids even wanted to show off what they learned.
“Solar energy is a lot better because it is a … I forget what it’s called … but we have it forever instead of coal or things that we burn like fossil fuels,” said fifth grader Alia Coursen.
Students got time to learn outside of the classroom as well, applying solar energy to a toy car each of the students built.
“I thought it was cool how the sunlight connecting to this tiny little solar panel can make it go super fast,” said Addie Pennock, student.
Just like the toy cars, J
“It’s approximately 4,000 kilowatt hours annually, and we’re looking at three to five thousand dollars annually,” said Mueller.
Jewell isn’t the first Bend-La Pine school to use green energy.
“Miller Elementary School and Roselin both have solar panels. Lava Elementary School had a huge grant where they got a big solar panel array,” said Mueller.
And it wont be the last.
“We’ll start looking into some others as we go down the line,” said Mueller.


Too many people spend time focusing on races that are traditionally discriminated against and they fail to look deeper into other types of discrimination.
Although several races are victims of discrimination, they are not the only victims in this society. Another minority, on the brunt end of harsh treatment, is the disabled. These individuals are already living a tough life because of their disability, and to add to this, they are tormented, criticized and even worse, forgotten. For this reason, Disability Awareness Month was established twenty years ago. The purpose of this month is to increase the awareness and spotlight the needs of people with disabilities.
This is a real issue. Many of us know, or have a friend who knows, someone who has a disability. We notice the cruel treatment of these individuals, like when someone makes a joke. Having a family member that is mentally challenged, makes it extremely difficult to take life for granted. Being around the individual and paying close attention to their life makes one notice how difficult it is for a disabled person. They are faced with challenges on a daily basis.
People all over the world support people with disabilities, especially in the month of October. These people make enormous contributions, so it should not be a problem for our university to contribute in some way to this cause. The disabled students on campus should have more of their necessities met.
The most efficient contribution the university can make is to alter the campus to make it convenient for all students.
A major problem for people with disabilities is mobility.
People with disabilities rely on other people and objects to ease their movement. If the university would make additions like more ramps and rails, then students with disabilities would know the university cares.
Disabled students would see that a new gym is not all this campus actually needs.
Modifying the campus would not only make the campus suitable for all students, but this change would encourage disabled students to participate in more of the upcoming events, like homecoming, around campus.
Hopefully, after campus improvements are made, then students with disabilities will see a brighter future.
These students will have the confidence to know that if this one improvement can make their lives a little easier, then surely there will be a day when they will be able to have the same occupations and lifestyles as everyone else.
Kwamae Simpkins is a sophomore magazine production student from Pensacola, Fla. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org


In the automobile industry, rare-earth elements are a constant used to create permanent magnets that generate greater magnetic fields. An upgraded, inexpensive hefty rare earth-free magnet that was created by Indian scientists could soon increase the nation’s output of electric vehicles (EVs).
Researchers at the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI) for Automotive Energy Materials have created an enhanced rare earth Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnet, which is in great demand for electric vehicles and may lower their price.
Pure Nd-Fe-B magnets lack the ability to withstand the high temperatures of 150–200 degrees Celsius at which the Nd-Fe-B magnets used in electric vehicles (EVs) must work.
One of the most sought-after permanent magnetic materials for numerous technological applications since its discovery in 1984 is Nd-Fe-B magnets. It should be mentioned that this rare earth magnet is used in brushless DC (BLDC) motors, which are found in over 90% of electric vehicles.
Globally, scientists are working to increase Nd-Fe-B magnets’ coercivity (resistance to demagnetization).
Thanks to the use of a low melting point alloy that serves as the source for the non-magnetic element, Indian researchers have now been able to increase the coercivity of Nd-Fe-B melt-spun ribbon that contains Niobium (Nb). According to a statement from the Ministry of Science & Technology, “the coercivity value of 1 T at 150oC necessary for automotive applications reported in this research published in Materials Research Letter could be a valuable technique to produce magnets without Dysprosium metal or EV applications.”
The research center has now taken the risk of establishing a pilot plant for the production of Nd-Fe-B magnets with a near-net form in the hopes that the approach will be investigated for the magnets produced in the pilot plant.
The ministry continued, “The innovative approach might potentially be employed for commercial Nd-Fe-B magnet manufacture in India, lowering imports that meet the main needs of the automobile sector.”


Image Processing, Image Mosaic, Content-based Image Retrieval
An image mosaic is an artistic work that uses a number of smaller images creatively combined together to form another larger image. Each building block image, or tessera, has its own distinctive and meaningful content, but when viewed from a distance the tesserae come together to form an aesthetically pleasing montage. This work presents the design and implementation of MosaiX, a computer software system that generates these image mosaics automatically. To control the image mosaic creation process, several parameters are used within the system. Each parameter affects the overall mosaic quality, as well as required processing time, in its own unique way. A detailed analysis is performed to evaluate each parameter individually. Additionally, this work proposes two novel ways by which to evaluate the quality of an image mosaic in a quantitative way. One method focuses on the perceptual color accuracy of the mosaic reproduction, while the other concentrates on edge replication. Both measures include preprocessing to take into account the unique visual features present in an image mosaic. Doing so minimizes quality penalization due the inherent properties of an image mosaic that make them visually appealing.
If this is your thesis or dissertation, and want to learn how to access it or for more information about readership statistics, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Master of Science in Computer Engineering (M.S.Cp.E.)
College of Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Length of Campus-only Access
Masters Thesis (Open Access)
Snead, Michael, "A Method Of Content-based Image Retrieval For The Generation Of Image Mosaics" (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3358.


Birds do some wacky mating dances—and turns out, they learned it from their ancestors. A recent Scientific Reports study reveals that some dinosaurs showed off to their potential mates by dancing, too.
Scientists recently discovered long, fossilized scrape marks that date back 100 million years—give or take a million—at an excavation site in western Colorado. Because the scrapes were clustered in one area, the researchers realized they were more than just footprints: They think the deep, repeating gashes resulted from some incredibly forceful mating displays. The gashes were likely made by the dinosaurs' claws as they made moves similar to the rituals modern birds, including sage-grouse and snipe, perform.
The dancing dinos were likely large non-avian theropods (basically two-legged, flightless carnivores). The top candidate is the Acrocanthosaurus, which first popped up in the early Cretaceous period, says Martin Lockley, lead author and paleontologist at the University of Colorado, Denver. “It was a process of elimination,” he says. “We looked at what animals were known at this point in time [in the western United States] and this animal seemed like the most suitable candidate.” (The prints found in the area also seemed to match the size of the Acrocanthosaurus.) The rituals might have been an attempt to demonstrate nest-making ability, since theropods are thought to have built nests for their eggs and young.
As to which gender was dancing, birds might offer a clue, Lockley says. “We do know these dinosaurs are the ancestors of birds. And generally speaking, the male is the player and the female is the onlooker. So the odds are that the scrapes are of a male trying to attract a mate.”
Whoever was dancing, birds seem to have carried on the tradition—and expanded it. Several species of birds, including the Atlantic Puffin, the Whooping Crane, and the moonwalking Red-capped Manakin (see below), are known for their unique mating moves.