Habitat Preferences: Wide variety of habitats, lower and upper Sonoran deserts, sunny open areas, dry desert washes, mesas, roadsides and other disturbed areas.
Recorded Range: In the United States, Burroweed is relatively rare where it is found only in central and southern Arizona and southeastern and northwest New Mexico. Burroweed is also native to northwest Mexico.
North America species range map for Burroweed, Isocoma tenuisecta:
North American range map courtesy of Virginia Tech, Dept. of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation
Click image for full size map
Genus Information: In North America there are 11 species and 11 accepted taxa overall for Isocoma. Worldwide, The Plant List includes 15 accepted species names and a further 44 scientific names of infraspecific rank for Isocoma.
In the Southwestern United States: Arizona has 5 species of Isocoma, California, Utah and Texas each have 3 species, Nevada has 1 species and New Mexico has 4 species. Data approximate and subject to revision.
Comments: Burroweed is poisonous to mammals, including cattle, which can transfer the poison to humans through milk. Burroweed is common in Arizona and one of many yellow fall blooming subshrubs in the state originally belonging to the large genus Haplopappus. After more review species were moved to Isocoma, Ericameria and other genera.
Burroweed is similar in appearance to the closely related Alkali Goldenbush, Isocoma acradenia whose leaves are linear and not pinnately lobed.
Burroweed, Isocoma tenuisecta, is poisonous to livestock including cattle and sheep and its presence is considered an indicator of overgrazed rangelands. Flowers, seeds and plants may be visited by hummingbirds and/or small mammals including rodents in search of food, nectar, shelter and protection through cover.
Beneficial Value to Butterflies, Bees and Insects
Burroweed, Isocoma tenuisecta, brightly colored flowers readily attracts insects and butterflies, moths and other insects in search of food, nectar or shelter.
The genus “Isocoma” (Isoco'ma:) is from the Greek meaning “an equal hair-tuft,” and referring to the flowers.


Friday 15th January
Welcome back to Year 5F’s blog for this week.
Maths – This week we began by working on short and long multiplication as well as division using partial tables and the chunking method. Then, we started to investigate the perimeter and area of shapes. Did you know that the perimeter of a shape is all the way around the outside? To find the perimeter you add the length and the width together and then double the answer. The area of a shape is the space inside. To work out the area of a shape you need to multiply the length by the width.
Click on the link below to take a tutorial and then have a go at both finding the perimeter and area of a shape at home...
English – As we are sure you know, on 15th December last year, Tim Peake was launched into space to complete a six month mission on board the International Space Station. This week, we have been researching his life and using what we have learned to write a biography all about him. Interestingly, we found out that he was born in Chichester on 7th April 1972. He spent 17 years in the army before joining the ESA (European Space Agency). He is married to Rebecca and they have two sons called Oliver and Thomas. These are just some of the amazing facts that we found out about the extraordinary man!
Topic – This week the children have been researching the different planets in our Solar System so that they can produce their own book all about the celestial bodies that can be found in space.
Science – The children have investigated the orbit of earth around the sun. This takes 365 and a quarter days (or one year). As well that, they found out that it takes the moon 28 days to orbit around the earth. Also, they have discovered that Earth rotates (or spins) on its own axis once every 24 hours (one day).
After that, the children went on to learn why the moon doesn’t always look the same shape when it’s in the sky. Watch this short clip which should help to explain why…
Our certificate this week was awarded to Kyle for his tenacity when tackling a tricky maths challenge. Well done to Kyle as this problem is even driving the teachers round the bend trying to find the solution!
All that remains to say is to have a great weekend (wrap up warm) and we will see you on Monday.


An overview of tools for microsoft users the can be enabled to support vision, hearing, neurodiversity, and more, as well as classroom accessibility blog.
Google G-Suite Accessibility
This site provides a clear, app-by-app description of available supports, including Gmail, Docs, Classroom, and more. A quick reference chart allows for an overview of features available by app.
Step-by-step directions for enabling accessibility features, as well as video tutorials.
Which One Doesn’t Belong
Website dedicated to providing thought-provoking puzzles for math teachers and students. There are no answers provided as there are many different and correct ways of choosing which one doesn’t belong.
An essential resource for instructional math videos with built-in checks for understanding. You can also find content area videos and daily schedules for remote learning at all grade levels.
Bring content to life for students with supplemental videos, animations, and simulations. These multimedia resources allow students to visualize complex concepts.
Students everywhere can instantly stream an incredible collection of stories, including titles across six different languages, that will help them continue dreaming, learning, and just being kids.
Active Games and Movement
Take a brain/study break by engaging with movement and mindfulness videos created by child development experts. Variety from energizing to calming, supporting physical as well as social-emotional needs.
This award-winning children’s literacy website streams videos featuring celebrated actors reading children’s books alongside creatively produced illustrations.
Engaging video lessons that are great for visual learners. One Alaskan teacher said “I’ve integrated these videos with EdPuzzle and my Google Classroom and absolutely love them!”


What might at first be mistaken for a series of images showing the approach of summer on the edge of the Greenland ice sheet in fact shows an increase in melting over the past several years. The three images above show the melting in June of 2001, 2002, and 2003. Since 2001, the amount of melting along the edges of Greenland’s ice cap has increased significantly.
The grey ice sandwiched between the bare ground on the left (towards the coast) and the solid white on the right (towards the island’s interior) in these true-color images indicates that the surface of the ice sheet is saturated with liquid water. This translucent area is dotted with meltwater ponds that are scattered like hundreds of blue jewels across the ice sheet’s surface. Barely visible in June 2001, the melting area increased significantly in 2002, and again in 2003, by which time it stretched farther south than in either previous year. The large images (linked above) show a large portion of Greenland’s west coast, and a reduction of snow cover from 2001 to 2003.
Scientists recently documented that the seasonal thaw along the margins of the Greenland ice sheet has been starting much earlier in the year and impacting a larger area than in the past quarter of a century. Sea ice in the region has been declining at the same time. (Read Vanishing Ice for more details.)
These images are based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), one of five instruments aboard NASA’s Terra satellite. The sensor sees the entire surface of the Earth almost every day in 36 discreet wavelengths ranging from visible light to thermal infrared energy.
Images courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC


Health Risks And Side Effects Of Ear Candling
Ear candling, also known as ear coning or thermal-auricular therapy, is a treatment often used in alternative medicine. Ear candles are approximately ten inches long and consist of a hollow fabric cone soaked in paraffin or wax. During an ear candling procedure, one end of the candle is lit, and the other end is placed into the patient's ear canal, remaining in place for fifteen minutes. While proponents of thermal-auricular therapy say the procedure softens earwax and pulls it out of the ear canal, no scientific studies have ever confirmed this. The practice is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and many types of ear candles have been blocked from being imported into the United States. Healthcare professionals note ear candling is a dangerous and ineffective method for the removal of earwax, and it could even make a patient's existing ear problems worse. Anyone who believes they may have an issue with their hearing or an accumulation of earwax should consider seeing their primary care doctor or an ear, nose, and throat specialist for a proper evaluation.
The side effects outlined below are just a few of those reported in connection to the use of ear candling.
Burning The Face Or Ear
Burning the face or ear could occur as a result of the open flame and the wax involved in thermal-auricular therapy. During the procedure, the candle has to be held in place by a friend or practitioner while the patient lies on their side. If the practitioner's hand slips, the flame from the candle could start a fire and ignite bedding or other materials near the patient. The flame might also make direct contact with the patient's ear or face, which could result in severe burns. In addition, melting wax from the candle could drip onto the patient's face or ear, also resulting in burns. Burns can occur in the outer and inner ear, as well as the eardrum. The ear candling procedure should be stopped immediately if burns occur. For burns involving the ear, patients should make an urgent appointment with an ear, nose, and throat specialist. Burns to the face may necessitate treatment in an urgent care center or the emergency room.
Uncover more potential risks associated with ear candling now.


Andalucia is located in Southern Spain and is the most populous and second largest autonomous community of Spain. The High Impact Public Health Alerts Council, also known as the Committee of Experts chaired by the head of the Andalusian Executive, Juanma Moreno, the Junta de Andalucía, decided to ban alcohol sales after 6:00 PM across the territory. This ban came into effect on February 13, 2021 through an Official Gazette of the Junta de Andalucía (BOJA).
The measure is applicable to any alcohol products with alcohol volume above 21%. It was implemented to reduce the spread of the virus through reducing gatherings centered around alcohol consumption.
Even prior to the ban the hospitality industry had a curfew of 6:00 PM, but alcohol was available for off-premise sale through supermarkets. With the new sales ban alcohol products with alcohol content over 21% cannot be sold after 6:00 PM in off-premises either.
Many countries in the European region implemented time-based alcohol sales bans and other alcohol sales restrictions to contain the spread of the coronavirus, especially during the second wave of COVID-19.
Defending the efficacy of alcohol sales bans
Jesús Aguirre, the Minister of Health for Andalucía, has defended the regional government’s decision to prohibit the sale of alcohol temporarily. He explained the new rule was aimed at preventing parties and illicit gatherings.
Such alcohol sales bans help to reduce the spread of the virus as alcohol-centric occasions have been found to be hotspots for COVID-19 spread in the wider community. This is due to people being less likely to adhere to COVID-19 preventive measures such as mask use and physical distancing in alcohol-using occasions.
Additionally, limiting alcohol availability protects the health of citizens as alcohol weakens the immune system and makes people more susceptible to viral infection. It also protects the capacity of health and emergency services by reducing alcohol related injury, violence and hospitalizations in the community.
Early on in the pandemic when many governments introduced lockdowns, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidance to member states to limit alcohol availability in order to help contain the outbreak, protect health service capacity and promote people’s health.
Euro Weekly: “Andalucia To Prohibit Alcohol Sales After 6pm Daily“
Euro Weekly: “Andalucían Health Minister Defends Alcohol Ban“


Fast Facts About Monk Seals
- Hawaiian Monk Seals are Hawaiian natives and are found only in Hawaii and on Johnston Atoll.
- The biggest threats to Hawaiian monk seals are entanglement, food limitation, disease, shark bites, and climate change.
- The current population of Monk Seals is about 1100 animals.
- In comparison to other marine mammals, the Hawaiian monk seal has a lower metabolic rate, meaning that it will eat less fish over the course of its lifetime.
- Monk seals can dive as deep as 1500ft but generally average about 200 feet.
- Monk seals are predicted to consume between 5.8 and 12.9% of their body mass in food each day.
- Monk seals live between 25 and 30 years.
- Monk seals are the oldest of all the phocids, or true seals, on the planet in terms of their evolutionary history. Current research indicates that they have been present on the Hawaiian Islands for several million years!
- The Caribbean monk seal, a close cousin of the Hawaiian monk seal, went extinct in 1952. The Mediterranean monk seal is also critically endangered with only about 500 individuals left in the wild.
- Over 20% of the remaining population of Hawaiian monk seals are alive today as a direct result of conservation efforts.
You can learn more about monk seals at the following websites:http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/hawaiian_monk_seal


Western Europe does not hold a monopoly on enchanting castles. Romania holds its own when it comes to the influence of monarchs and their illustrious abodes. In May of 1866, at a time of great tension in western Europe wherein Austria and Prussia were on the brink of war, the German Karl von Hohenzollern crossed hostile Austrian territory under a false Swiss identity, sailed down the Danube, and entered Romania. Romanian emissaries had been sent to Napoleon III’s court to request a foreign-born monarch and Karl was selected. According to Romanian historian Neagu Djuvara, Romania’s political elite thought Romania could never truly be free unless it was unleashed from the infighting of the country’s most powerful families. A Western king who could united them was their highest aspiration.
Once selected, Karl was approved by referendum in Romania and became King Carol the First. Peleș [Pe-lesh] Castle, in the Bucegi Mountains north of Bucharest, was built as his family’s summer residence. The Neo-Renaissance abode seems to have been pulled straight from the Bavarian countryside. I explain the history because, upon entering the castle, my first question was how does such a castle end up in the middle of Romania?
Built by a German architect with many raw materials imported from Germany, Peleș Castle is completely furnished – a feast for the eyes inside and out. Visitors must pay to take photos of the interior. I did not pay. At one point, every one took out cameras/smart phones and started snapping away. I did likewise, before a docent reminded us of the rules.


A "vacuum pump" is so named for its function. It is really
an air pump that is
specifically designed to reduce the air pressure of a connected chamber.
You may have seen the use of such a pump in class as part of a classical physics demonstration.
The problem with the use of such a pump is that its process
is hidden deeply within an iron
casing, no knowledge imparted to the class during physics demonstrations as to its specific operation.
Because it is an expensive and delicate piece of scientific equipment, instructors often do not
allow students to touch or operate the machine.
It is very important to introduce newcomers to both the concept
and the feel as what it
takes to create this kind of reduced pressure in a connected vessel.
What the vacuum service air pump isn't.
It is a common misconception that a lab vacuum pump is nothing more than an air compressor that is used to "suck" air out of things.
Such reciprocating piston machines are quite unsuitable for
the low pressures necessary for
modern physics demonstrations like electrical discharges in rarefied air and other gases.
| There are spaces in a
typical piston-type air
compressor that are not
part of the volume that is
displaced or swept by
These include the valve
This leftover parcel of air
| Some amount of air
pressure is necessary
to open the check
valves in a typical air
There is plenty
There is not enough
The same goes for diaphragm pumps. Next page---->


Massive Fire Destroys Delhi’s National Museum of Natural History
A massive blaze completely destroyed iconic National Museum of Natural History at Delhi Tuesday morning. The museum is located in FICCI building near Mandi House in central Delhi. The cause of the fire is not identified; it is being probed by the police.
The fire broke out around 1.45 am on the sixth floor of the museum located in the FICCI building. It spread to all seven floors soon. There were not many people inside the building; it was evacuated by the time firefighters reached there. The fire was also spread to the FICCI Auditorium located in the same complex which has not been damaged much.
Firemen with 35 fire engines were at work through the night to put out the blaze, it took more than four hours and the fire was brought under control around 5 am. Only ground and first floors of the building have been survived. Safety mechanism in the building was not working which made the task to control the fire difficult.
Six fire officials who were at work to douse the blaze were injured by inhaled smoke for more than four hours and were rushed to Ram Manohar Lohia hospital. Their health condition is stable now.
The National Museum of Natural History was one of the top museums in India that included a 160 million-yr-old fossil bone of a lizard-footed dinosaur that’s called a sauropod, herpetological specimens and stuffed animals made by renowned Mysore-based taxidermists Van Ingen & Van Ingen.
It set up in 1978 to promote environmental awareness and was a very interesting venue and for visitors especially interested in history. The museum had three exhibit galleries – “Introduction of Natural History”, “Nature’s Network: Ecology” and “Conservation”. The tragic fire has caused a great loss to the national treasure.
Most Searching Terms:
- Massive Fire Destroys India’s National Museum
- Fire Guts Delhi’s Natural History Museum


Book - 2017
A primer for everyday people who are interested in algorithms and how they impact our digital lives. Based on the fact that we already live in a world where algorithms are behind most of the technology we use, this book offers eye-opening information on the pervasiveness and importance of this mathematical science -- how it plays out in our everyday digestion of news and entertainment, as well as in its influence on our social interactions and consumerism. Readers even learn how to program an al...gorithm using Python. --Publsiher's description.
|2nd Floor||005.1/Mueller||Due Dec 19, 2022|
- --For dummies.
Hoboken, New Jersey :
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
- Item Description
- Includes index.
- Physical Description
- xii, 418 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
- Main Author
- Other Authors
- Getting started. Introducing algorithms ; Considering algorithm design ; Using python to work with algorithms ; Introducing python for algorithm programming ; Performing essential data manipulations using python
- Understanding the need to sort and search. Structuring data ; Arranging and searching data
- Exploring the world of graphs. Understanding graph basics ; Reconnecting the dots ; Discovering graph secrets ; Getting the right web page
- Struggling with big data. Managing big data ; Parallelizing operations ; Compressing data
- Challenging difficult problems. Working with greedy algorithms ; Relying on dynamic programming ; Using randomized algorithms ; Performing local serach ; Employing linear programming ; Considering heuristics
- The part of tens. Ten algorithms that are changing the world ; Ten algorithmic problems yet to solve.
No reviews were found for this record.


What is SEL?
Social Emotional Learning (SEL) is the process through experiences that children and young adults obtain & effectively apply needed knowledge, skills and feelings necessary to display proper emotional intelligence, set positive achievable goals, display empathy for the surrounding world, maintain meaningful positive relationships and make responsible decisions.
The Five Core SEL Competencies
SEL can look foreign to marginalized groups, The KIT Project fills in the gap....
SEL work can be difficult as it can challenge assumptions and ask participants to stretch beyond their sphere of comfort. In society in which parts of Black and Brown culture and personhood are often erased, co-opted, deemed negative or hidden, it is important to lift up the aspects of culture and heritage that all participants feel are positive parts of their identity.
According to a study published in Social Science and Medicine...
"Negative psychological outcomes are not only present in adults, but have been found to appear in children of color as early as 12 years of age. However, the toll of racial trauma and stress is not limited to psychological outcomes. The negative effects of racial trauma also affects physical health outcomes."
The KIT Project's main mission is to embrace and impact negative effects of the different traumas experienced by marginalized youth.


Subject Intent: Why Computer Science?
The Computer Science curriculum allows students to apply both abstract concepts and mathematics in real world solutions, making the course have a real life and relevant focus. Students are encouraged to look at the role of technology from a moral and ethical viewpoint and link this to the rule of law, and how technology aligns with our fundamental British values, and beyond to a worldwide audience. Computer Science qualifications also address the shortage in the UK jobs market, preparing our students for a wide range of degree courses, apprenticeships, and future roles in an ever-evolving and exciting sector.
What will I study?
- The characteristics of contemporary processors, input, output and storage devices
- Software and software development
- Exchanging data
- Data types, data structures and algorithms
- Legal, moral, cultural and ethical issues
- Elements of computational thinking
- Problem solving and programming
- Algorithms to solve problems and standard algorithms
Please note: Subject videos have been filmed from colleges across our Trust.
What are lessons like in this subject?
Computer Science lessons usually begin with a friendly low stakes quiz, retrieval practice, or, as we move through the course, an exam style question. This is based upon the preview work that is set each week, or from a previous topic from earlier in the course. We then build upon the preview exercises by introducing new concepts and then doing a variety of activities to embed your understanding and clear up any misconceptions. We work in pairs, groups and individually; this depends upon the activity and if we are doing theory or programming. The kind of trips you can expect to go on are university visits for students who want to understand what it will be like to study beyond A-Level, but we also get to see technology in action at businesses, expos and museums (both locally and further afield).
In Computer Science you learn to think logically and procedurally, which helps you with everyday problems.
Aurangzai Rana, Carlton Bolling


Unfortunately, there was a server problem in the days leading up to the exciting Mars occultation. (It didn't matter to me because it was, unfortunately, cloudy where I live.)
This description of the colored lines is from a temporary page provided by IOTA:
The turquoise curves show where the disappearance or reappearance occurs at moonrise (left side) or moonset (right side); there is no northern limit as that misses the Earth to the north. The southern limit of the occultation, from which a partial occultation will be visible in a strip about 5 miles wide, crosses the n.e. Pacific Ocean and southern Mexico (white line, event at night), Central America (dark blue line that’s hardly visible, event during morning twilight), and northern S. America and the Atlantic Ocean (red dotted line, event during daylight).
If I am interpreting the image correctly, the limits are as follows (tl;dr 5: Entire occultation is visible)
- No occultation is visible because the Moon has already set.
- Mars disappears at moonset.
- Mars disappears before moonset (so is visible), but reappearance occurs after moonset (so is not visible).
- Mars disappears with the Moon above the horizon, but Mars reappears at moonset. (Entire occultation barely visible.)
- Entire occultation is visible.
- Mars disappears at moonrise.
- Mars disappears before moonrise (so is not visible), but reappearance occurs after moonrise (so is visible).
- Mars reappears at moonrise.
- No occultation visible because the Moon has not risen.
- Mars grazes southern limb of the Moon (occurs during daylight).
- Mars grazes southern limb of the Moon (occurs during twilight).
- Mars grazes southern limb of the Moon (occurs during night).
Sometimes the colors along the graze line (the southern limit in this case) represents whether the graze occurs on the dark limb of the Moon or the bright limb, but that does not appear to be the case here.


A physiological disease is caused when the normal or proper working of the body is affected because the body's organs have malfunctioned or it's cellular structures have changed over a period of time causing illness. Therefore most diseases you can name fall under the physiological category. However some of the most common include Diabetes, Chrons, Cardiovascular......
four categories of diseases are physiological,pathogenic/infectious,heriditary/genetic and nutritional/deficiency........this is what my teacher told me!!!!
Pathogenic diseases are caused by what is called a pathogen. Pathogens are parasitic organisms that cause disease int heir host. There are five different groups of pathogens: Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans and parasitic worms. Deficiency diseases are just as the name suggests. They are caused by a deficiency of a particular nutrient in the diet. Hereditary diseases are passed on through generations via their genes. For example, haemophilia and sickle cell disease. They cannot be cured. Physiological diseases are caused by the failure or malfunction of body parts or organs
DEFINE Physiological homeostasis WITH EXAMPLES
their are many ways to prevent physiological disease but they are specific to certain types.
He was afflicted with Parkinson's Disease .
Yes. It is a physiological disease because it affects the physical being of the patient.
By the malfunctioning of the body, for example an organ. Diabetes and hypertension are physiological diseases.
how physiological processes are altered in disease or injury
Physiological refers to the characteristics of an organism's normal functioning, while pathalogical is altered or caused by a disease.
malfunctioning of physiological functions due to biotic and a biotic factors
See a doctor. a physiological disease can be anything physical which is most diseases sou your question is ill formed. perhaps you mean psychological, in which case I would recomend doctor for a referal to a counselor or a psychologist.
hi my name is romana and l do not even know what l m doing here l m about piat or something doday is fraidey
Physiological diseases are usually caused by a failure of the body organs or in some cases an entire system of a body. A common example of this type of disease is diabetes.


Multimedia instructional materials.
Staying current on technology is an essential aspect of being an educator. Today’s students are digital natives, and they often respond better to media than to traditional methods of teaching. Having a strong technology repertoire is important.
Create a matrix detailing a variety of multimedia, technology, games, apps, and other technological tools for teaching reading and writing to struggling readers and writers. Include five tools/media/apps and address the following, in 100-200 words per tool:
- App/technology tool description, app/technology location (online, offline through software, through a game console, etc.), and the cost.
- Age level or academic level for which the technology is appropriate.
- Advantages of using the technology.
- Drawbacks to using the technology.
- Rationalize why struggling students may benefit from the app/technology tool.
Additionally, write a 250-500 word overview of the contents of the matrix, describing how you will implement technology in your ELA classroom. Justify which of these technologies you think will be most beneficial and describe how you might convince an administrator to help you acquire the technology.
Support the matrix and summary with 3-5 resources.
Multimedia instructional materials
All types of papers including essays, college papers, research papers, theses, etc., and other custom-written materials which EssayTutorHub.com provides to the customers are exclusively for the purpose of assistance. All these texts are unique and can be further used with proper references only.


A recent survey from Sweden has highlighted the danger that the Christmas period has for our health. In particular, Christmas Eve acts as a focal point for heart attacks, according to the team behind the study.
Researchers noted that the incidences of people having heart attacks rose significantly around 10 p.m. This comes as no surprise since the same study also showed that the overall risk of developing some type of heart issue increases by a staggering 40% during this time of year.
The team behind the study, which appeared in the British Medical Journal, studied 283,014 heart attacks that were reported to the Swedish coroner between 1998 and 2013. This provided the researchers with a reasonable cross-section of the heart health of the country. This figure also included people suffering other long-standing health conditions but where a heart attack was the cause of death.
While it is shocking, the research team were less surprised by the findings. In Sweden, the main day for celebration is Christmas Eve rather than Christmas Day, with that being viewed as a more laid-back affair. For the Swedes, Christmas Eve is the time when people get together to celebrate, and it appears that these ‘get-together’ moments are key.
In fact, other moments throughout the year, with an increase in the number of heart attacks, often coincide with times of celebration that includes family and friends. Midsummer, which is an important holiday in Sweden, along with New Year’s Day, were two such points. Interestingly, Easter bucked the trend with a decrease in numbers during that holiday period.
While it appears as if stress associated with these times may be behind the sudden spike, researchers using data from Kavinace are slow to suggest that this may well be the case. Instead, they feel that extra research is required before drawing such conclusions, even though it should be a factor according to David Erlinge, a researcher involved in collating the data.
‘We do not know for sure, but many mechanisms may be involved of which emotional distress with acute experience of anger, anxiety, sadness, grief and stress increases the risk of myocardial infarction. Excessive food intake, alcohol, long distance traveling may also increase the risk of heart attack.’
Whatever the reason may be, it does show that we must take more care about health during this crazy time of year. If not then it could end up being our last.


Why are Vaccines Important?
In honor of World Immunization Week (April 24-30), Starlight wants to highlight how important it is that everyone, of all ages, gets vaccinated against diseases. This is essential, not only to protect ourselves but also to protect those around us that are unable to get vaccinated or have a weakened immune system, through herd immunity.
Herd immunity occurs when the majority of a population is vaccinated and/or immune against a disease, creating community immunity.
At Starlight, we understand how essential this protection is for those that are vulnerable around us, such as a child going through chemotherapy — they are more vulnerable to infections, and their immune system isn’t strong enough to fight those infections. Plus, with vaccination, you are also protecting yourself!
While many vaccine-preventable diseases are not common in the US, they have not been fully eradicated globally – which means that travelers to the US can bring those viruses and bacteria to the US and possibly infect those not vaccinated.
We all want to do what we can to keep ourselves and our loved ones safe and healthy. The best thing you can do is to make sure to get vaccinated at the recommended time.
We'll keep you in the loop with resources, Starlight stories, and updates.
Covid Vaccines and KidsCheck out resources
Explaining Vaccines to Kidshelp your kids understand


Cooling is a key technology of our modern life. A device capable of efficient sub-ambient daytime cooling without the need for an external power input would considerably lower our overall energy consumption. Nature offers a chance to off-load heat directly into the cold outer space via the so-called “sky window”: a wavelength range from 8 – 13 μm, where our atmosphere is transparent. Inspired by examples from nature, namely the white beetle and the Saharan silver ant, this proposal aims to develop materials that selectively emit thermal energy into this sky window wavelength range, and scatter and reflect radiation of all other wavelengths, particularly visible and near-infrared (300 nm – 2.5 μm) irradiated by the sun.Top-down direct write lithography will be combined with controlled bottom-up colloidal self-assembly to create hierarchically structured systems fully addressing these stringent optical properties, which cover the entire spectral range from 300 nm – 20 μm.
In combination with polymers and metallic nanostructures these hybrid devices will have finely adjusted and even externally tuneable optical properties, allowing for a switching of the cooling capacity. Finite element modelling will add a deeper understanding of the structure-property relationships and yield optimum design rules. Based on this fundamental work, VISIRday will provide concepts for functional paints and fibres - advanced materials that enable passive daytime cooling as a new green energy technology.
(Figures designed by Daniela Leitner (c))
- ERC Starting Grant call 2016
- start date: March 1st 2017
- This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 714968


What Is Project Development?
When a project has started, it needs to undergo a series of steps to be completed. These steps are known as project development.
Project development is the process of planning, organizing, and executing a project. It involves setting goals, creating a project plan, and following through on milestones.
Projects can be complex and challenging, but with the help of a good project development process, they can be successfully completed. Here are some steps to follow:
- Define the project goals.
Project goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. They should be relevant to the business objectives of the company and the specific project at hand.
- Create a project plan.
A project plan is a detailed blueprint for the project. It includes the project goals, timeline, and resources needed to achieve the goals. The plan should be updated as changes are made to the project and should be approved by the project team.
- Execute the project plan.
Projects must be started and completed in a specific and orderly manner to meet the project goals. The project manager ensures that the project is executed according to plan.
- Monitor and assess the project.
Once the project is complete, it must be evaluated to determine whether or not it was successful. This process is known as project monitoring and assessment.


Click here for a downloadable PDF.
Teacher Exploration of Desmos
Desmos provides teachers with information on how to view
students’ answers and provides sample questions to pose to
students in a classroom discussion.
- Create Class Codes for Multiple Courses
- Generate Activities Unique to Course Material
- Duplicate and Edit Existing Activities
- Easily Accessible for Both Students and Teachers
Link to example Desmos Activity:
- Begin by creating the class code and then sharing the link by clicking “View Dashboard” once the code is created.
- Once all students are logged into the activity (students are listed in the dashboard) it’s optional to allow students to work through the activity, or to pace the students by using the “Pacing” tool by restricting the students to see certain slides at once. There is also a pause tool that can be utilized to limit students from accessing the activity completely.
- The dot marked in the student’s row indicates that the student has successfully completed that portion of the activity. Responses are visible when viewing each individual slide.
- To end the activity, simply have all students exit the activity from their devices.
Nevada Digital Learning Collaborative | www.nvdigitallearning.org | @NevadaReady | 7/2020 | Disclaimer | bit.ly/nde-DL-playlist


If you followed our story on what went wrong during Seattle’s SR 99 tunneling project, then you’re no stranger to Big Bertha, the world’s largest tunnel boring machine (TBM).
But if you missed it, or wanted to find out more about who made it and how it works, then you should continue reading!
Let’s start at ground zero:
- Big Bertha was manufactured and supplied by the Hitachi Zosen Corporation to Seattle Tunnel partners for the SR 99 tunneling project.
- It measures 57.2 feet (17.5 m) in diameter, which makes it the largest tunnel boring machine in history. To put in perspective, it would take about 10 average sized men standing on each other’s shoulders to stretch across its diameter.
- It was delivered to Seattle from Japan, by ship, in sections, back in March of 2013 on a really big ship, with each section weighing approximately 900 tons (that’s the equivalent of 137,461 African Bush Elephants, WOWZERS!) which is the maximum weight allowed under Washington State regulations. Being sections also helped speed up the assembly process once the machine reached Seattle.
Bertha is filled with cutting edge (no pun intended) tunneling technology and safety features; as one would expect for its size and weight.
Though there were some known boring setbacks along the projects progression, however, Big Bertha eventually completed the SR 99 project back in April of 2017. SUCCESS!
To mark the historic project, a naming competition was held by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) – who funded the SR 99 project.
The name Bertha was submitted by a Washington elementary school student and it’s safe to say it’s extremely fitting given the scale of the machine itself.
So now that you and Bertha are acquainted, if you’re interested in reading more about the specifics of how she works, or seeing some awesome pictures of assembly, head over to the Hitachi Zosen Corporation’s blog and get ready to get your mind blown.
The only question that remains now is “how much bigger can these machines get?”
Guess, we’ll just have to wait and see!


On this Martin Luther King Day, listen to Patty Griffin’s musical tribute.
January 21, 2013
Patty Griffin sings “Up to the Mountain” (MLK Tribute)
Singer-songwriter Patty Griffin based this song on the haunting sentiments and imagery in Martin Luther King, Jr.’s final speech, the “Mountaintop Speech,” which was delivered to a packed church in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 3, 1968, the night before his assassination. King had gone to Memphis to support the sanitation workers who were on strike, protesting their low wages and deplorable working conditions (described here by two of the sanitation workers). You can also read or listen to a brief 2008 NPR story providing further background on the events surrounding the Mountaintop Speech.
With a history dating from 1973, we are an international organization of women and men who believe that the Bible supports the equality of the sexes. We are Christian feminists. We are inclusive. We welcome you.
"I remember feeling so thrilled to have such an intellectual friend whose memory could always pull up just the right quote at the right time. And once again I felt the same awe and admiration I had felt when I first began reading her books years before. "


You can find viruses everywhere: in the soil, in the clouds and in animals. According to scientists from the University of Oldenburg in Germany, there are also a ridiculous number of viruses buried at sea, in the sediments of the oceans.
These sedimentary viruses don’t lie dormant on the seabed, but actively replicate down in the fathoms, even in the gyres of the ocean where most forms of life can’t be sustained since organic carbon is a scarce commodity. By infecting and killing prokaryotic cells (bacteria, archaea) in ocean sediments, viruses act as efficient organic carbon recycling machines.
Scientists found that in every sediment tested, from active tidal flats, open oceans and nutrient-poor gyres, viruses vastly outnumbered prokaryotic host cells. Active viruses didn’t just exist in the oceanic topsoil, but rather permeated through deep layers laid down millions of years ago. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) could be found in layers of sediment 320m deep, and in ancient layers from ~14 million years ago.
These exciting findings mean that viruses are actively replicating in buried ocean sediments all the time, and are thus making a huge contribution to the maintenance and carbon cycling of oceanic microbial communities.
Engelhardt T, Kallmeyer J, Cypionka H, & Engelen B (2014). High virus-to-cell ratios indicate ongoing production of viruses in deep subsurface sediments. The ISME journal PMID: 24430483


A metal skywalk leads to the top of this striking granite outcrop in Porongurup National Park.
Castle Rock is the name given to this natural rock formation found within the Porongurup National Park, a fascinating area of nature found deep within the Great Southern Region of Western Australia. The national park is eminent due to the towering Karri trees (Eucalyptus diversicolor) and interesting granite rock features. It is thought that these natural geological features were formed around 1.1 billion years ago, when the earth’s crust collided between Australia and Antarctica to form Gondwana. Castle Rock sits at an altitude of 570 meters above sea level and is aptly named due to the prominent position it has, providing fantastic views over the nearby Stirling Ranges to the north.
In 2012, the Granite Skywalk was constructed with stainless steel beams that are anchored into the vertical rockface, allowing visitors to get to the top of Castle Rock by maneuvering over metal holds before climbing a ladder to the top. Built at a cost of $1.5 million, this marvel of engineering was set up through the use of helicopters which delivered parts of the large metal platform to the summit before riggers abseiled down onto the rock to drill the points into the granite below.
Eagled-eyed visitors may also spot many of the native animals among the towering trees including western grey kangaroos and brush wallabies. The colorful flora also adds to the natural beauty of the area and flowering species such as the Australian bluebell and Bossiaea linophylla may be found here.
Know Before You Go
Castle Rock is reached via a 4.4km return trail through the forest. Care should be taken due to uneven surfaces, particularly on higher ground. There is a parking lot at the bottom and there is an entrance fee.
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Getting information on the latest information technology news can be a great way to find out what is happening in the technology world. Whether you are in the media or simply interested in learning more, you can read a wide variety of articles. Some of the most popular news topics include mobile technology, cloud computing, and software.
Changes in usage patterns and usage behaviour
Keeping up with technological advancements has become a full time job in and of itself. A plethora of devices, from smartphones to tablets to wearable technology, means that we are no longer just gazing at our computers. This is hardly a bad thing, but we need to keep up with the times if we are to remain relevant. Luckily, there are some smart people out there who are dedicated to ensuring our continued relevance. A recent study by Ipsos reveals that half of its membership has made the switch. Its custom national survey was fielded June 2-11, 2020.
Aside from its impressive tracking capabilities, Ipsos also managed to conduct a study that was both scientific and fun. Among its findings, there were some surprisingly unrelated categories that had a positive impact on each other. For instance, a study conducted by Ipsos uncovered that Americans are more inclined to read news from their smartphones than from their computers.
Modern way of teaching and learning
Compared to decades ago, the modern way of teaching and learning in information technology news today is far more interactive and collaborative. Students are more likely to use their phones or laptops in the classroom, and many educational institutions are using social media to communicate with students.
Video-assisted learning is another form of interactive technology, and is particularly useful for medical training courses. It allows students to view lectures from the comfort of their home. In addition, students can participate in live videoconference sessions, which help maintain structure.
Virtual Reality, or VR, is an increasingly popular form of immersive learning. Students can view real environments and engage in virtual surgeries in a safe environment. It also provides a more detailed and approachable view of the real world.
Online courses have also been a major innovation in the education industry. Teachers can create and distribute interactive courses online. Students can work together in virtual classrooms, and receive feedback. These technologies have been proven to increase learning outcomes.


Hearing loss can occur at any age. However, hearing problems in infants and children can have consequences during these speech and language developmental years. When children cannot hear well, it affects their ability to learn language and produce clear speech because hearing is fundamental to developing language.
There are several causes for hearing loss in infants and children that may cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. Ear infections and earwax buildup can cause temporary loss and hearing may resume after the cause has been resolved. More than half of all cases of permanent hearing loss in children is caused by genetic factors. Other causes include illnesses, certain medications and injuries.
If your child appears to have hearing loss, it’s important to see a doctor for a diagnosis and treatment. Please contact our office at (503) 257-3204 to schedule an appointment for your child to have a hearing evaluation.
American Academy of Otolaryngology−Head and Neck Surgery. One Prince St., Alexandria, VA 22314-3357, 1-703-836-4444. 2011 AAO-HNS/AAO-HNSF Flint, P. W., C. W. Cummings, et al. (2010). Cummings otolaryngology head & neck surgery. Philadelphia, PA, Mosby/Elsevier: 3 v. (xlii, 2963, cxciv p.).
Call Mt. Hood ENT & Allergy at (503) 257-3204 for more information or to schedule an appointment.


A short introduction to Absolute Pitch and Relative Pitch…
Absolute Pitch (AP), often called perfect pitch, is the ability to identify a pitch in the absence of any other tonal points of reference. For example, C will always be perceived as C and Eb as Eb, no matter what piece you are playing or what key you are playing in. AP is a rare gift indeed, and for those of us not so endowed, it is a miraculous and humbling thing to witness. According to widely accepted studies, it is estimated that AP is possessed by roughly one in every 10,000 people.
Relative pitch (RP) is the ability to hear musical tones relative to some pitch reference that is within your field of perception. Relative pitch is enabled by our natural ability to perceive harmonic “distance”, consonance, or dissonance in a given musical context. Thus, the sound-feeling of the notes C and Eb always depends on the musical context or what key you are playing in. RP is the way that most of us mere mortals perceive and enjoy music.
There are two classes of relative pitch reference:
- The prevailing key center Do. This is the purview of Solfege ear training. Solfege only works when an enduring sense of key center provides the harmonic “context”, a context that organizes all the sounds in functional terms relative to a single point of reference Do.
- Any note currently in your field of perception. This is the purview of Interval Ear Training. Interval ear training does not contradict Solfege. Interval ear training complements Solfege, adding another dimension to your listening skills. This is useful when the tonal center is ambiguous or there is a key change in progress.


dbmopen вЂ” Opens a DBM database
Opens the specified DBM database in the given mode.
The full-path filename of the DBM file to be opened
The file open mode which is one of r, n, c or w, for read-only, new (implies read-write, and most likely will truncate an already-existing database of the same name), create (implies read-write, and will not truncate an already-existing database of the same name) and read-write respectively.
Returns an identifier to be passed to the other DBM functions on success, or FALSE on failure.
Note: If NDBM support is used, NDBM will actually create filename.dir and filename.pag files. GDBM only uses one file, as does the internal flat-file support, and Berkeley DB creates a filename.db file.
Note that PHP does its own file locking in addition to any file locking that may be done by the DBM library itself. PHP does not delete the .lck files it creates. It uses these files simply as fixed inodes on which to do the file locking. For more information on DBM files, see your Unix man pages, or obtain » GNU's GDBM.
Note: When safe mode is enabled, PHP checks whether the files or directories you are about to operate on have the same UID (owner) as the script that is being executed.


How are hard money loans amortized?
When a hard money loan is amortized, the borrower makes periodic payments to the lender that consist of both principal and interest. The principal is the amount of the loan that is being repaid, while the interest is the cost of borrowing the money.
The amortization schedule outlines the payment schedule for the loan, including the amount of each payment, the due date, and the amount of principal and interest that is being repaid with each payment.
There are a few different ways that hard money loans can be amortized:
Fixed-rate amortization: With this type of amortization, the interest rate is fixed for the entire loan term. The borrower makes the same payment every month, and the amount of principal and interest that is repaid changes with each payment.
Adjustable-rate amortization: With this type of amortization, the interest rate may change over time. The borrower's payments may increase or decrease depending on the interest rate at any given time.
Interest-only amortization: With this type of amortization, the borrower only pays the interest on the loan for a certain period of time. After that period, the borrower begins to make payments that include both principal and interest.
It's important to carefully consider the terms of a hard money loan, including the amortization schedule, before agreeing to borrow the money. Hard money loans can be more expensive than traditional financing options, so it's important to understand the terms and make sure you can afford the payments.


The history of hardwood flooring dates as far back as the Baroque Era (1625-1714). Of course, in Chicago the first permanent settlement wasn’t until the late 1770s, so the hardwood flooring in Chicago had no existence even at that time. But during this Baroque Era, wooden floors became an elegant feature and a decorative surface to the upper class. Since hardwood floors were expensive, only the wealthy people of Europe could afford this.
It wasn’t until the Colonial Era (1607-1780) that the American hardwood flooring industry was born. At this time, wooden floors were still an expensive commodity and exclusive to the rich. The process of cutting down timber and transforming them to planks was tedious but increasingly popular because of their improved quality.
Moving onto the glorious days: the Victorian Era (1840-1910). These were glorious times because the hardwood flooring industry benefited from the shift into the industrial society. This included factories with steam driven machines that were able to mass produce hardwood floors. Hardwood floors were referenced as “wood carpeting” and perfected with techniques that gave a smooth, even, and polished hardwood finish. Unlike the previous eras, America’s middle class was now able to afford this luxury.
During the Edwardian Era (1901-1941) and Modern Era (1920-1950), tongue and groove floor boards became popular in domestic flooring. When needed, hot tar was used as an adhesive and the herringbone pattern became a popular pattern in this era. The wood floor during this time blossomed with the help of varnishes because they improved the look and feel of the hardwood.
Unfortunately great things do come and go; post-World War II (1940-1950) the hardwood flooring industry faced a drastic change resulting in the downfall in the wood floor trade. The industry was now facing hard times and struggling for survival because of the affordability that carpeting had compared to hardwood. Most hardwood companies had to convert to installing carpet to stay in business at all.
Today, hardwood flooring industries like the Pureza Hardwood Flooring Company located in Bucktown, Chicago lead the industry by delivering high quality products to their Chicago hardwood flooring consumers. For generations, no other material parallels to a durable and long-lasting option like hardwood.


Communicating through references
Referencing in scientific publications plays an important role in communicating with a scientific community.
Your credibility as a scientist is a key factor in effectively communicating your message to an audience. For example, an audience may be less likely to be persuaded by your arguments if they don’t consider you to be credible. Using references in your work contributes to your credibility by demonstrating that you have thoroughly researched your topic.
It is important to consider the quality of your references.
- Are you referencing Wikipedia or dubious sources of information?
- Are you referencing the most current research?
- Are your references relevant to your own research or analysis? (I.e. Is there a strong link between your explanations/arguments and your references?)
- Don’t try to increase your reference list with references that are only vaguely relevant to your research.
Constructing your argument
Your references play a crucial role in how you develop your argument or your message. By using references, you can construct a story that integrates your own research into the existing body of evidence. Your references can be considered as another form of data that you use to help persuade your readers that your data and analysis are valid.
You can also use references to highlight differences between your results and existing research. You are able to question a particular body of work, expressing doubts over the results or methods, or simply indicate that your study produced conflicting results and suggest that further research may be required.
Researching your topic
UQ Library guides
The UQ Library website has a range of subject guides to help you find resources for specific fields. The guides identify relevant databases, journals, books, and web resources.
Some lecturers may ask you to use a particular style for your assignments. Referencing styles indicate how you should format your in-text references and reference list. Whichever referencing style you use, it is important that you stay consistent – don’t use multiple styles in a single document.
How to reference
Paraphrasing, summarising, and quoting are the three main ways that you can include references in your work.
Software programs, such as Endnote, allow you to create a database of references that can be quickly added to your assignments. These prograan take some time to learn but they are particularly useful when you have a lengthy reference list.


Leone Baptiste Dumonceau
Leone Baptiste Dumonceau, Count von Bergendahl (pronounced: dümongßoh , also Jean-Baptiste; born November 7, 1760 in Brussels , † December 29, 1821 in Brussels) was a Dutch officer and Marshal of Holland.
Dumonceau took part in the uprising of the Netherlands against Austria in 1787 and went to France after the Brabant Revolution had been suppressed in 1790 . As early as 1793 he received the rank of Général de brigade as an award for his participation in the Battle of Jemappes and the Battle of Neerektiven . In 1794 Dumonceau fought under Pichegru in Holland and was appointed commander of Amsterdam . In 1795 he entered the service of the Batavian Republic as lieutenant general and in 1799 defeated the Russians and English who had invaded Holland in the battle of Bergen . In 1807 he was appointed Marshal of Holland. In 1809 he beat the English again on Walcheren .
After the unification of the republic with France, Dumonceau was placed at the head of the 2nd military division by Napoleon and made Count of Bergendahl. In 1813 Dumonceau took part in the war in Germany and on August 26th expelled the Russians from the heights of Pirna near Dresden and after the defeat at Kulm led his troops skillfully back between the Prussian and Austrian corps to the main army .
In 1815 Dumonceau resigned from the French service and returned to Brussels.
His name is entered on the triumphal arch in Paris in the 1st column.
|SURNAME||Dumonceau, Leone Baptiste|
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES||Bergendahl, Leone Baptiste Dumonceau, Count of|
|BRIEF DESCRIPTION||Dutch military|
|DATE OF BIRTH||November 7, 1760|
|PLACE OF BIRTH||Brussels|
|DATE OF DEATH||December 29, 1821|
|Place of death||Brussels|


Metropolitan Statistical Area in USA
The population development of Owensboro as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images).
|Owensboro||Metropolitan Statistical Area||KY||104,681||109,875||114,752||121,559||121,348|
Source: U.S. Census Bureau (web).
Explanation: Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas as defined in March 2020 by the OMB Bulletin No. 20-01. Area and total population for areas in Connecticut are based on planning regions.
Further information about the population structure:
|Gender (C 2020)|
|Age Groups (C 2020)|
|Age Distribution (C 2020)|
|Urbanization (C 2020)|
|»Race« (C 2020)|
|2 or more||5,908|
|Ethnicity (C 2020)|
|Hispanic or Latino||4,471|


Wellness programs are health initiatives developed as a benefits system to help employees maintain their physical, mental, and emotional health. These initiatives aim to develop strategies to focus on a personnel’s nutrition, stress management, disease prevention, and exercise to improve well-being and performance.
For example, companies can develop wellness programs such as:
The importance of wellness programs is constantly increasing. As remote work has gained much significance post covid, employees choose companies that promote employee health. So, companies that are investing in employee wellness programs for remote workers stand out more in the crowd. This can also reduce health care expenses for the employees.
Wellness programs tend to do more benefit in real-life than just said or discussed. They are a type of incentive offered by the companies to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Following are the main advantages an employee can receive from these plans.
Wellness programs are strategic implementations of human resources to maintain the well-being of the employees and their health. All these programs allow employees to combat stress and health issues, prevent severe illness and encourage self-care, which reduces their efficiency at work. In addition, introducing these initiatives will help employers address increase productivity and reduce turnover.
A wellness program is beneficial to everyone. There is no such limitation to joining a wellness program. Moreover, it helps your employees to make healthy choices in their lives in the long run.
Establishing a wellness program is essential, but maintaining it according to the employees’ needs is crucial. To implement a wellness program, you should:


|Abundance||common (usually seen)||Ref.||Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991|
Occurs throughout most of Canada (Ref. 52559). A native fishery is existing; rarely caught as a game fish (Ref. 52559). Makes good soups and chowders; but not highly favoured commercially. Has a real and unutilized potential as a game fish. Reared as the main food for hatchery rearing of game fishes. Also Ref. 1998, 5723, 27549, 93252.
|States/Provinces||Alberta (native), British Columbia (native), Manitoba (native), New Brunswick (native), Newfoundland and Labrador (native), Northwest Territories (native), Nova Scotia (native), Nunavut (questionable), Ontario (native), Quebec (native), Saskatchewan (native), Yukon Territory (native)|


New tech inhibits UV-induced melanogenesis
A team of researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) announced on Nov. 22 that they had developed a surface-lighting microLED patch for UV-induced melanogenesis inhibition.
The team headed by Prof. Lee Keon-jae said that the new technology would help people with the various problems related to ultraviolet light.
Tjeu fabricated skin-attachable surface-lighting patch by utilizing a thousand of microLED chips and silica-embedded light diffusion layer.
LED chips sized at 100 µm are vertically-interconnected for high flexibility and low heat generation, allowing its long-term operation on the human skin, according to the team.
Melanin is a brown or dark pigment existing in the skin, which can be abnormally synthesized by external UV or stress.
Since excessive melanin leads to skin diseases such as spots and freckles, proper treatment is required to return to normal skin conditions.
“Recently, LED-based photo-stimulators have been released for skin care, however, their therapeutic effect is still controversial,” Prof. Lee said.
“Since conventional LED stimulators cannot conformally attach to the human skin, distance-induced side effects are caused by light loss and high heat transfer.”
To achieve effective photo-treatment, he noted that the LED stimulator needed to be irradiated in contact with the human skin surface, enabling proper and uniform light delivered to the dermis with minimal optical loss.
The research team confirmed melanogenesis inhibition by irradiating the LED patch and the conventional LED on the artificial human skin and mice dorsal skin.
The team claimed that the former had shown minimal epidermal photo-toxicity compared to the latter, proving its effectiveness in reducing synthesized melanin.
Prof. Kwon said that his team’s technology had outstanding characteristics in light efficiency, reliability, and durability, to show off its commercial viability.


The TPACK model as starting point
The training digital didactics uses the TPACK model (Koehler & Mishra, 2006) as the starting point through the various modules. The TPACK model indicates that successful ICT implementation assumes that a teacher:
knows what needs to be taught
knows how to teach this in the best way
knows which ICT tool provides potential to achieve this
is aware of the context in which it operates
The TPACK model, as illustrated in figure 1 on the following page, underlines the importance of various types of knowledge that complement and overlap each other (click on the fields for more explanation). The basic principle of TPACK is the overlap between the different fields, it is, in other words, not sufficient that teachers solely have knowledge of ICT, pedagogy and subject content. TPACK underlines the very importance that you understand that these three domains are coherent and mutually reinforcing one another. The model indicates in this way that ICT can never be the guiding factor, however ICT is rather a solution for didactical challenges the teacher faces. The current training will start with the TPACK principle in the sense that it focuses strongly on the link between technology and didactical opportunities. The cases also make a link with the substantive expertise of teachers.


The verb bind makes bound in the past tense and as a past participle. So, for example, if you tied together two things this morning, you bound them together, and the two things were then bound together. Bounded is the past tense and past participle of the verb bound, which has two main definitions: (1) to confine or serve as the boundary of, and (2) to leap or spring. For example, an island is bounded on all sides by water, and somewhere a rabbit bounded out of a bush this morning.
Bind is one of a handful of -ind verbs whose -ound past tenses developed around the 16th century from earlier -and forms derived from Old English. Find and wind developed similarly; their old past-tense forms, fand and wand, gave way to found and wound in the 1500s. This bound is etymologically unrelated to the present-tense verb bound, which is newer to English. It entered English centuries after bind—its two main senses came from separate French sources in the early modern era—and it was inflected bounded right from the start.
Nothing interests us which is stark or bounded, but only what streams with life, what is in act or endeavor to reach somewhat beyond. [“Beauty,” Ralph Waldo Emerson (1860)]
In the van of the crowd were three men in scanty clothing; each had his hands bound together by a cord. [Romola, George Eliot (1863)]
The merchandise is first placed in an inside container, which is then bound with wire. [Popular Mechanics (1916)]
Jack bounded out from the tribe and began screaming wildly. [Lord of the Flies, William Golding (1959)]
The Third Ward, bounded by Huron Parkway, Glacier Way, and US is a Republican stronghold with few student residents.[Michigan Daily (1980)]
Turkey Waits and Wonders: How Closely Bound to Islam Is Election Victor? [New York Times (2002)]


I had an opportunity a couple days ago to visit the River Wall along Water Street that parallels the Mississippi River in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. I had ventured down through the River Wall and up to the river’s edge to see the bridge in the distance. Unfortunately, the weather was not cooperative and fog lay heavy on the river bed. The beautiful Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge was all but obscured due to the fog and only its upright pillar was visible. Disappointed, I had turned and walked back across Water Street and I turned back and saw this woman holding the red umbrella, the only pop of color in a very dismal scene. Through the wonders of Photoshop, I was able to edit the original photo to one I felt was more pleasing. (Click on the thumbnail to see a larger photo.)
The river wall itself is comprised of 24 panels covering nearly 18,000 square feet of the 15-foot high flood wall. It illustrates the history of the area beginning with the Native Americans who inhabited the area between 900 and 1200. Each panel tells a story of the history of the Cape Girardeau area. The paintings are in a style similar to that of painter Thomas Hart Benton. (Pamela Selbert, Chicago Tribune, November 18, 2007). The mural was painted by Chicago artist Thomas Melvin, in collaboration with several local artists, and was dedicated at a public ceremony on July 7, 2005.


What IP protocol number is used in the protocol field of an IPv4 header, when IPv4 is used to tunnel IPv6 packets?
Click on the arrows to vote for the correct answerA. B. C. D. E.
The IP protocol number is an 8-bit field in the IPv4 header, which identifies the protocol that is being transported in the payload of the IPv4 packet. When IPv4 is used to tunnel IPv6 packets, the protocol number used in the IPv4 header is 41.
IPv6 packets are typically larger than IPv4 packets, and some networks may not be able to support the larger packet size. To overcome this limitation, IPv6 packets can be encapsulated within IPv4 packets using a technique called IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling. This allows IPv6 packets to be transmitted over an IPv4 network, without requiring upgrades to the network infrastructure.
In an IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel, the original IPv6 packet is encapsulated within an IPv4 packet. The IPv4 header contains the source and destination IP addresses of the tunnel endpoints, while the IPv6 packet is used as the payload of the IPv4 packet. The protocol number 41 is used in the protocol field of the IPv4 header to indicate that the payload is an IPv6 packet.
To summarize, when IPv4 is used to tunnel IPv6 packets, the IP protocol number used in the protocol field of the IPv4 header is 41.


by: Jonathan Landsman
(NaturalNews) Mercury poisoning is a serious threat. A lack of knowledge about heavy metal toxicity could be the greatest danger to your life. Educate yourself about Methylmercury, Inorganic Mercury and Ethylmercury – as fast as possible. The NaturalNews Talk Hour presents "Mercury Detox and Cutting Edge Science" with our special guest Dr. Chris Shade, mercury chemistry expert.
According to Dr. Chris Shade, "efficient detoxification depends on a series of seamless reactions that bind toxins to shuttle molecules and "escort" them out through a series of doors. The glutathione system is the most important of the detoxification systems and includes glutathione and the enzymes that work with it. The process of detoxification proceeds in three parts or "phases", Phase I, II, and III."
"Dysfunction of the human detoxification system is the most common and insidious root cause of toxic element and compound accumulation in the body. True health requires that all phases are functioning and balanced or the whole system can not work properly." Our next program will enrich your understanding about the natural pathways for detoxification within the body.
The enemy of natural detoxification
Inflammation (in the gut) inhibits elimination of toxins by causing a strong down-regulation of the body's natural detoxification pathways. Unfortunately, exposure to certain toxins, such as the corrosion by-products of dental mercury amalgam ("silver" fillings) contributes to intestinal inflammation.
In addition to inflammation, it has been demonstrated that a build up of metals alone slows the transport proteins. Clinical data suggests that continuous removal of metals from the intestines is essential for the proper daily functioning of natural detoxification processes. The continuous removal of metals is also critical for any successful (medically-supervised) detoxification program. To learn more – join us for a very important health show!
Dr. Shade earned his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois where he studied the environmental and analytical chemistries of mercury as well as advanced aquatic chemistry. During his Ph.D. work, Dr. Shade patented analytical technology for mercury analysis and later founded Quicksilver Scientific.
Dr. Shade's focus is on the human aspects of mercury exposure/toxicity and the human detoxification system. He has developed specific clinical analytical techniques for measuring mercury exposure and a system of products for toxic metals removal.


MAFBO’s member Francois-Xavier Ricaut supervised a study published in Molecular Biology and Evolution showing that the Banjar of South Kalimantan are at the origin of the Austronesian settlement off the eastern coast of Africa 1000 years ago. Continuer la lecture de « New publication: F.-X. Ricaut published a new study, the Banjar in the Indian Ocean »
Austronesian westward expansion: the settlement of Madagascar by Indonesian sea nomad groups
Pradiptajati Kusuma (University of Toulouse – Paul Sabatier), Francois-Xavier Ricaut (Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier) – CNRS UMR 5288), Murray Cox, Thierry Letellier
Genetic, cultural, and linguistic characteristics of the Malagasy suggest that people from both Africa and Island Southeast Asia were involved in the colonization of Madagascar. Populations from the Indonesian archipelago played an important role; linguistic evidence suggests that the Malagasy language branches from the Southeast Barito language family of southern Borneo, Indonesia, and is closest to the Ma’anyan language that is spoken in the present-day. There is also evidence of word borrowings from a small number of Austronesian languages spoken on other Indonesian islands, including Proto South Sulawesi, Buginese, Macassarese and Old Javanese.
To test for a genetic link between the Malagasy and these linguistically related Indonesian populations, we studied these populations, well-defined from their historical/linguistic contexts, together with new samples from the Ma’anyan and the sea nomad Bajo from Southeast Sulawesi. The sample size of ~2900 individuals represents the largest known Indonesian dataset investigated to date. Analysis was made using uniparental markers: the mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome.
Phylogeography analysis of maternal and paternal DNA lineages suggested that the Malagasy was derived from multiple regional sources in Indonesia, with a focus on eastern Borneo, southern Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda islands. Settlement may have been mediated by ancient sea nomad movements because the linguistically closest population, Ma’anyan, has only subtle genetic connections to the Malagasy, whereas genetic links with other sea nomads are more strongly supported. Our data hint at a more complex scenario for the Indonesian settlement of Madagascar than has previously been recognized.


Richland County Park District is committed to maintaining the health of the natural resources within the Park District promoting biological diversity and the protection of habitat by:
Protecting Our Resources
Healthy, functioning ecosystems are crucial for providing services conducive for a healthy, functioning human society. While this statement is clear from the perspective of ecology, it is not always apparent in human-dominated landscapes where issues related to the day-to-day repair and maintenance of our built infrastructure (e.g. water, wastewater, transportation, energy) appear separated from natural ecosystem processes.
Naturally functioning and sustainable ecosystems provide services that support human activities in the region. For example, forests, wetlands, and natural lakes slow storm water runoff and reduce flooding while also providing habitat for native plants, mammals, birds, amphibians, and fish. Replacing natural infrastructure with human engineered infrastructure requires a large initial development investment and perpetual repair and replacement costs from human society. Protecting, conserving, and restoring natural ecosystem structure and function represent a cost-effective way to maintain and improve the benefits humans derive from the ecosystems they inhabit.
RCPD provides area leadership in protecting existing and also additional open space throughout North Central Ohio with special attention to areas adjacent to existing park properties. Through partnership, cooperative efforts, and the support of other agencies, the Park District pursues the protection of the remaining major river valleys within the North Central Ohio region. To this end, the Natural Resource Division assists with the evaluation of tracts of land that are candidates for protection through acquisition, easement, or other means.


Toddlers often let you know what they think – and what they want! Here you’ll find out what language development looks like for a toddler between one and two years old.
Toddlers’ language skills are fast growing and filled with emotion. Here’s what you can expect at this age:
Responding to simple, one-step requests like, “Give to mama”
Doing basic gestures (shaking head “no” or waving “hello”)
Trying to say words they hear around them
Saying “mama” and “dada” or other commonly used names/terms
Pointing to a few body parts when asked
Responding to simple questions, like “Who’s that?” or “Where’s your shoe?”
Listening to simple stories, songs, and rhymes
Pointing to and starting to name pictures in a book
Using p, b, m, h, and w sounds in words
Asking simple questions, like “What's that?” or“Where is it?”
Starting to put two words together, like "more water.”
For more information and videos, click here.
QUICK TIP: Remember that every toddler is unique and may develops at different rates. If you're concerned about your child's development in any way, talk to your pediatrician or family doctor


PL/SQL Programs and Code Examples on Cursors
Programs and Code Examples on CursorsThis section contains PL/SQL Programs and Code Examples on cursors with solutions, output and explanation. Find programs based on implicit, explicit, nested cursors to create tables, records and display them. This collection of solved basic and difficult examples on PL/SQL programming will be very useful for beginners.
List of PL/SQL Programs and Code Examples on Cursors covered hereThe PL/SQL programs covered in this section range from basic to difficult and tricky. They cover:
1. Create a table based record
2. Display total no.of rows in table
3. Create cursor in nested loops & display records
4. Create Implicit Cursor
5. Create Explicit Cursor
6. Create Nested Cursor
7. Create a cursor to show grade of students
For whom are these PL/SQL Programs and Code Examples on Cursors useful?All computer science freshers from BCA, BSc, BE, BTech, MCA and engineering students will find these solved Java Program questions useful for their university exam, lab exam, practicals, assignments, viva questions and campus placement. You can also use these program to practice for your written test.
All the programs have been compiled and run. So, let's write each program and see the output after execution!


Scientists are scrambling to figure out what's going on with a recent test at the Large Hadron Collider.
The Large Hadron Collider has just uncovered something that has scientists talking.
A strange bump was observed in the signal of the LHC, and it may be indicative that they have just discovered one or even two new types of particles, according to a Phys.org report.
And it’s a discovery that may turn the Standard Model of physics on his head. Considering it’s the basis of pretty much all particle physics theories, that’s no small development.
Adam Martin, who is an assistant professor of physics at the University of Notre Dame, has been talking with fellow physicists about what this strange bump is. He said according to the report that it was “so weird that people were forced to chuck their favorite theories and start from scratch. That’s a fun area of particle physics. We’re looking into the unknown. Is it one new particle? Is it two new particles?”
So what could explain this mysterious blip? The most intriguing possibility is that the LHC has just found a new particle, like a heavier version of the famous Higgs boson found in recent years by the LHC after eluding scientists for so long. A new type of particle would change theories on physics.
But that’s not necessarily the case — there could be a more conventional explanation, scientists just haven’t found it yet. Scientists aren’t declaring a new particle yet for just that reason, remaining “cautiously optimistic” or a new particle discovery but waiting for more tests to verify it. As a result, LHC researchers will investigate why these discrepancies in the data are happening, and it could be a while before anything is confirmed. Still, it’s an exciting a potentially groundbreaking new development.
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English Teaching Competency Test (ETECT)
The English Teaching Competency Test (ETECT) is a standardized examination for novice and more experienced Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL).
Philosophy of the ETECT
The ETECT reflects the principles and practices of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). This approach to language teaching begins with the understanding that since language is a social practice the goal of learning a language should be communicative competence.
To promote this competence, teachers provide students with numerous opportunities to interact with others and use the language that they are learning. In such settings, the teacher often becomes a facilitator who creates the conditions necessary to optimize learning opportunities, rather than serve as simply a source and provider of knowledge. It also means that teachers strive to help learners develop greater autonomy in their language learning.
This approach to teaching is reflected in the ETECT. For example, the ETECT evaluates the candidates’ knowledge of techniques to increase student involvement and their ability to identify the kind of interaction best suited for a particular learning activity. The test recognizes the importance of authentic use of language to promote the development of integrated skills, namely, listening, speaking, reading and writing. In short, the test reflects the best of current practice and theory in TESOL.


In anticipation of International Day of Action for Women’s Health, Ecuadorean Indigenous women from the Angochagua community welcome the event with a demonstration of traditional medicine Tuesday.
Chile's Police Forged Evidence Against Mapuche Activists: Report
Regional health authorities participated in the exhibition which explored the ancestral practices that serve the dual purpose of reflection and education for the community.
"We in our communities have training programs for young people so that when we are old, this knowledge is not lost," Josefina Lima, a representative of the Kichwa Otavalo people, explained.
Lima said the event gives Indigenous societies the opportunity to share their knowledge of ancestral medicine while affording the community, as a whole, to grow through the healthy exchange of information.
This is the second educational program of its type in the district. According to resident Health Director Harvi Reascos, mutual respect for the traditions of the native culture is vitally important to the community.
"Our vision will always be to promote the complementarity of ancestral medicine for the benefit of the community, as well as to strengthen the articulated work with the intercultural health experts and in this way generate inclusion conditions, joint work strategies," he said.
Local government's interest in traditional medical practices of its indigenous communities shows a positive development in building relations.
In some local hospitals, medical professionals have introduced "vertical delivery," a typical form of childbirth in native communities, into their natal units in an effort to coax indigenous women to give birth in their facilities.
In an interview with Anthropologist Carmen Mozo Gonzalez, one Quichua Otavaleña woman, midwife, medical student, and community leader, Mercedes, explained "We call it home birth, but the scientists, the connoisseurs say, 'vertical birth.' For us, it is home birth, with support from relatives, as well. We told the director, 'we want to implement vertical delivery.' You have to talk with technical words for the directors!"
However, maternal and child mortality rates – due to infection, illnesses, and postpartum hemorrhaging or other health complications – have decreased considerably, as a result.
A month of events has been planned ahead of the International Day of Action for Women’s Health, which falls on May 28. Some of the activities include a beauty pageant and an Olympics event for seniors and people with disabilities.


A beaver is a hard-working, very intelligent mammal engineer.
When beavers work, they produce noticeable results. There is a grand notice on the materials they use, mainly wood from trees. The environment used, is forever changed.
The above picture is from my group hike on Bowen Island in Vancouver, Canada. This is one forest section well-stripped by beavers, using their powerful front-teeth (unsure of how many beavers, but do work in small numbers). Much of that wood is used to create a lodge; a dome-like house made from sticks, grasses and moss-plastered with mud. One lodge is sufficient for a whole family of beavers, to live comfortably and produce/raise their offspring. Such lodges are built slightly above water level along river and pond banks, like the one seen here.
Beavers also use that wood to build dams, to better manage and trap water to create large ponds. Beavers also feed off the trees for food, eating the leaves, roots, and bark. They also digest some surrounding aquatic plants. Nothing seems wasted in a beavers world.
I did a little research and reading on the conflict between the tree-raiding troublemakers and the human settlers of Bowen Island. The dam work of beavers has in the past, disrupted homes and yards of private areas, with flooding. The early actions by locals were to trap and kill the little critters. But in the last decade, a more humane solution popularized, to build special fences to prevent the beaver-building of dams in needed areas for water to flow.
That protection, and other solutions to help the island’s natural habitat creatures have been put forth by the Association for the Protection of Fur-Bearing Animals, or Fur-Bearers. For more on beaver fences and the volunteer work of the Fur-Bearers, visit thefurbearers.com.
Meanwhile, here is a fascinating BBC video on the hard work and rewarding results of those busy beavers.
– Orion T
Interesting and so beautiful. ❤


Cloud computing is the use of a wide range of remote control servers to maintain, process, and retrieve info. It is an solution to traditional on-site systems, while offering a number of positive aspects over these people.
The benefits of impair services involve reduced costs, higher availableness, faster application, https://bluedataroom.com/what-is-an-online-data-room-and-why-do-you-need-one/ and even more scalability. These features are particularly appealing for up-and-coming small to mid-size businesses, which have limited IT limitations.
A business case for moving towards the cloud involves calculating the costs of existing infrastructure – which includes data organisations and additional like rented lines – as well as persons costs. In addition, it needs to consider whether it feels right to reword existing applications to optimise all of them for the cloud or perhaps completely rebuild them from the beginning.
There are 3 basic types of cloud service: Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), and platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). All three deliver a complete selection of software applications, from consumer experience to human resources to financial supervision, and can be seen by using a web browser on the mobile device or a PC.
The most common cloud service is SaaS, which usually enables corporations to run applications over the internet over a subscription basis. The professional hosts and manages the applying, updates that as necessary, and grips security updates and improvements. Users connect with the iphone app over the internet by a internet browser on a computer system or mobile phone device, and pay for the service in monthly installments. Many cloud providers present automation with respect to scaling their services, adding or reducing bandwidth, users, and applications as required.


cause and effect essay discussing a historical event.
- Type of writing expected – Cause and Effect
- Length requirements – 500 words
- Formatting requirements – MLA format
- Documentation format – MLA citations necessary
- Amount or type of research expected – Minimal outside research necessary
Write a cause and effect essay discussing a historical event. Be sure to focus on either the cause or the effect of the event. Also, try to focus your paper on a specific event. For example, instead of writing about the Second World War, you should focus on a moment in that war, such as the attack on Pearl Harbor. Remember to be specific and detailed in your writing. Some things you might want to think about:
- What was the causal chain that led to the event?
- What were the ramifications of the event? How is the world different because of it?
- The most important thing is that you fully use your analytical skills in using the appropriate rhetorical structure.
- I will be looking to see how well you appeal to your audience and how well you stress the logical and emotional aspects of your association with the person/place. Also, I will be looking for the use of opening and concluding strategies.
- The style will be formal, and I want to see how well you can utilize the standards of American Edited English.
- I will be looking to see how well you incorporate cause and effect and comparison into your essay.
- I will focus on the quality of your introduction.
- I am not looking for grammatical perfection, but the essay must be readable and free of mechanical errors that distract your reader.
- All these criteria will be considered in light of the Gordon Rule Rubric.
(PLEASE Post your thesis statement for your essay SEPARATELY) .


This week I tried something new when it came time to introduce the genres of the Psalms. In the past, I would lecture and sample. This didn’t interest my students, at all. So I gamified things a bit! I divide my classes into cohorts for a variety of reasons. One of those reasons is for exercises like the one pictured here:
How does it work? Well, first, students are given a packet of psalms (Pss. 20, 22, 30, 51, 60, and 67) to read. Then I provide them with the brief descriptions of a few genres: Royal Psalms, Individual Psalms of Lament, Communal Psalms of Lament, Blessing Psalms, Thanksgiving Psalms, and Psalms of Repentance. Once everyone has had a chance to read their packet of psalms, and do some annotating, I give them the matching sheet. Now the race is on.
How do I determine the winner? Well, criteria #1 is accuracy. So, if someone goes 6/6, that’s ideal. What’s the tie breaker is more than one group is perfect? Speed. So, let’s say Cohort 3 finishes first. I check their result and see they got 4/6 but then Cohort 5 finishes a few seconds later and gets 6/6, then Cohort 5 wins. Obviously, the carrot at the end of the stick is bonus points that can be added to past assignments to boost their grades. Obviously.
Not only were students more interested in thinking about how psalms might be divided into various genres but in order to ‘check their work’ (or to challenge the results) they wanted me to explain how a psalm fits into a particular genre. Not only was it fun for them to do, and fun to watch as they scrambled, but far more effective at getting them invested than previous years’ lectures.


SIGNED BY IRVING FISHER, NATURE OF CAPITAL AND INCOME, HIS PIONEERING WORK ON THE GROWTH OF WEALTH
FISHER, Irving. The Nature of Capital and Income. New York and London: Macmillan, 1927. Thick octavo, original green cloth. $3800.
Scarce 1927 edition of this pioneering work on the growth of wealth, by “the United States’ greatest scientific economist” (Niehans, 279), signed by Irving Fisher on the title page.
Considered "the father of monetary economics," Irving Fisher, during a mountain-climb in the Alps, encountered a cascade of water into a pool, which clicked with him as a metaphor for the growth of wealth—a distinction he used in this work to clarify several prevailing economic notions regarding capital and income. "He defined capital as a stock of wealth at one point in time, analogous to a stock of water in a pool… Out of current income would come a [cascade] of savings which adds to our stock of wealth" (Pressman, 92-93). With his Nature of Capital and Income, "Fisher became the first economist to develop a theory of capital (including human capital) on an actuarial and accounting basis… He demonstrated convincingly that in economics only the future counts, and that past costs have no direct relevance to value. In point of fact, his research resulted in rigorous definition of the bases on which it is possible to ground a valid theory of interest" (IESS). Preceded by the 1906 first edition and the 1923 edition.
Text very fresh, front inner paper hinge expertly reinforced, only lightest edge-wear to cloth, spine a bit toned. A near-fine copy, scarce signed.


What Is a Cell Phone? Why Are They Called Cell Phones? How Do Cell Phones Work? Cell Phone Components.
Since 1983, when telephone and radio technologies were combined, cellular telephony has ceased to be a luxury exclusive to the wealthy. Cell Phones become an accessory that fulfills basic communication functions.
Why Are They Called Cell Phones?
Wireless phone systems are divided into cells, which is why cell phone devices are called cell phones.
What Is a Cell Phone?
They are mobile and wireless devices with a digital system, basically they are radio transmitters that can constantly change channels and connect to different bases. They are classified as dual devices because they use one frequency to talk and another to listen.
How Do Cell Phones Work?
When you make a phone call, your cell phone emits waves that travel through the air and are received as electromagnetic signals. The electromagnetic signals are converted by satellite antennas to be received as intelligible sound. All of this is made possible by a combination of networks of radio receiving and transmitting stations and telephone exchanges.
Digital systems use base stations arranged in small cells and connected to form a network. Each station is located in the center and receives a certain number of transmissions from its network.
When a cell phone makes a cell, the base station transfers ownership to the cell that receives the strongest signal, which is the cell where the phone is located. Therefore, each city needs at least one central office to manage all the phone lines and stations in the area.
Digital systems use small cells, which, because of their size, make it impossible for every neighboring system to use the same set of frequencies. In this system, capacity is greater because there are many cells that reuse transmission frequencies that are nearby but not adjacent. Also, because of the small size of each cell, less power is required, reducing the coverage area, so smaller and cheaper devices are needed.


With reference to Indian history, consider the following pairs:
Historical person Known as
- Aryadeva — Jaina scholar
- Dignaga — Buddhist scholar
- Nathamuni — Vaishnava scholar
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – Prelims 2022]
(a) None of the pairs
(b) Only one pair
(c) Only two pairs
(d) All three pairs
- Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Aryadeva, a disciple of Nagarjuna, was a Mahayana Buddhist monk and a Madhyamaka philosopher.
- Pair 2 is correctly matched: Dignaga, an Indian Buddhist scholar, was one of the founders of Indian logic (hetu vidya) and his work contributed to the development of deductive logic and the first system of Buddhist logic and epistemology (Pramana).
- Pair 3 is correctly matched: Sriman Nathamuni, also known as Sri Ranganathamuni, was a Vaishnava theologian who collected and compiled the Nalayira Divya Prabandham.
Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.


Allergy & Types
Allergy is defined as an abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced by inhalation, ingestion, injection, or skin contact.
Often manifested by itchy eyes, runny nose, wheezing, skin rash or vomiting. Examples include allergy to pollen, foods and drugs. Occasionally the reaction can be severe and life threatening. This is termed anaphylaxis. Allergies appear in people with genetic susceptibility.
Not all allergic looking reactions are true allergies! Many food reactions are simple food intolerances that are not associated with serious symptoms or not necessarily associated with nutritional deficiencies. An example of this is lactose intolerance; this can be mistaken as milk protein allergy because the symptoms are similar. Celiac disease is another example where there is intolerance to gluten but it’s not a true allergy. Usually these reactions are related to an enzymatic deficiency, such as lactase, or chemical composition or concentration of the item. This is different from true allergy where the reactions, although similar, are caused by a specific IgE antibody against the protein in the foods or other components.
Some allergic reactions are only local and almost never become systemic. In this case the individual experiences only mouth symptoms to raw fruits or vegetables but not cooked ones! This is because the protein is heat sensitive. This type of reaction occurs in individuals with pollen allergy due to similarity of the pollen protein and the specific foods. Examples of associations are reactions to apple, carrot, peach, plum, cherry, pear, almond, hazelnut in Birch allergic patients, reaction to tomato in the grass allergic, and reactions to melons, zucchini, cucumber, kiwi or banana in ragweed allergic patients.
Other medical problems can have serious complications and give some symptoms of allergy. One example is Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE or EoE). Here the Eosinophils, which are a type of white blood cell, increase in the esophagus. Eosinophilic esophagitis can get worse by food allergy. Other conditions such as immunodeficiency and cystic fibrosis can give a picture of asthma.
It is necessary to differentiate the allergy from other reactions. Through the specialist opinion and doing investigations we are able to provide the proper recommendation and treatment.