Art Education is a particularity that has no equal in Europe.
It is a unique educational experience, lively and full of initiatives that combines art and culture, through the study of different subjects.
The Artistic High School “G.Manzu” has been in the territory for 40 years with a laboratory-type teaching to encourage insertion into the world of work with a practical experimental approach through three courses of study:
- Figurative Arts,
- Architecture and
- Environment and Fashion Design.
The duration of each course is 5 years: first two years, second two years and fifth year.
The Artistic Workshops are important, specific: pictorial, plastic, geometric, architectural and fashion.
The Courses In detail
- The FIGURATIVE ARTS address develops skills in the field of Painting, Sculpture, Mosaic, Graphics with in-depth knowledge of artistic languages and the application of techniques in two-dimensional and three-dimensional form.
- The ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT address offers a preparation devoted to architectural design, urban planning, landscape, eco-sustainable environment and design.
The aesthetic, conceptual and expressive aspects of architectural research are studied through graphic, geometric and compositional techniques. With preliminary sketches and technical drawings, three-dimensional works are designed and created in a synergy of work between theory and laboratory practice.
- The FASHION DESIGN address prepares students for the clothing and fabric sector.
Through the analysis and study of contemporary art and design productions, experimenting with traditional and innovative techniques and methodologies, the student proposes and creates new clothing concepts that combine creativity, aesthetics and functionality.
In the weaving, fabric printing, modeling and making workshops, the student learns the use of operational techniques and technologies.
Since its establishment, the school has been involved in several projects and competitions, always bringing remarkable results. Participation in extracurricular activities is a key point for students, as they are encouraged to apply their knowledge and skills to solve real-life problems.


Toggle is an on/off switch (or slider) that allows users to update preferences, settings or other kinds of state. When used well, toggle switches are an effective user-interface component that can provide immediate results and reduce the amount of clicks required to change a setting or preference.
Toggles are also an important tool for performing multivariate or A/B testing. Essentially by configuring an experiment with multiple codepaths and then running it against different cohorts of users we can determine which version of the system performs better.
In software development the word toggle can be used to describe all kinds of switching, from simple on/off like the caps lock or num lock keys on your keyboard through to complex multi-state configurations such as opt-in and opt-out features found in most computer applications.
When designing interfaces that use toggle switches it’s important to consider how the switch looks and how it is labeled. Ideally the switch should be easy to read with clear and direct labels that tell what will happen when the toggle is flipped on or off. It’s also helpful to use color for the switch state and consider societal and cultural contexts for how that choice may be perceived.
Savvy teams look at their Feature Toggle inventory as a type of inventory that comes with a carrying cost and seek to keep it low by being proactive about removing toggles that are no longer needed. This can be done using a variety of techniques from refactoring the code to using a backlog item to track when a toggle should be removed.


FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early)
FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) is a lifestyle, also referred to as a movement, aimed at reducing expenditures and increasing investing in order to quickly gain financial independence and the possibility of retirement at an early age.
FIRE offers a method allowing some to retire as early as their forties, thirties or even twenties. However, advocates emphasize that the movement is less about retiring early and more focused on gaining enough financial freedom to have the option of working or not. Some supporters of the movement advise that anyone can do this, saying that it just requires more cutting back for some individuals than others. Realistically, it is recognized that FIRE is more possible for people with higher salaries and the ability to save money, and is less suited for those with low income salaries and those unable to save due to basic expenses.
FIRE‘s formula is very simple: spend less than you save and invest the surplus. Low-fee investment options such as index funds are popular and recommended. In general, it is recommended that people should save twelve times their yearly spending to fund retirement at the standard age of 65. The FIRE movement recommends people save up to 25 times what they would regularly spend in a year – generally more than 50% of their income.
FIRE followers believe that financial independence is attainable and dependent on three factors: income, spending and time. A few suggestions for reducing expenses include:
- Purchasing used cars instead of new ones
- Lowering housing costs
- Using a pre-paid cell phone service
- Reduce grocery and restaurant spending
- Eliminating cable TV, also known cord cutting
- Adding secondary income streams


Italian Word of the Week MEMORIA
“Memoria”, the word of this week, is so similar to the English “memory” that a translation may even sound useless. To have memory is, in the short term, to recall who we are, what are we doing, where and when. In the long term, it means being able to store data, things and events of the past and to remember them. In Italian “memoria” is a recurrent expression in the everyday language as in English: we have a bad or good memoria; we imprint some faces or some situations in our memoria; we can lose one’s memoria etc.
But when that word is written with the capital letter, its meaning dramatically changes and not only for the Italian Jewish world. The Memoria is the memory of the Shoah and, according to a law established in July 2000, the victims of the Holocaust are commemorated every year, on January 27th, during the “Giorno della Memoria”. (Italy approved that Memorial Day some years before the United Nations General Assembly Resolution, that in 2005 set up the International Holocaust Remembrance Day).
In the last decade the “Giorno della Memoria” has involved hundreds of thousands of citizens, especially students and teachers, through exhibits, meetings, artistic events. But even in Italy, where the terrible wounds of the racist laws and the persecutions are still open, the Memoria is every day under attack. Therefore, to protect and to cultivate it is a fundamental part of the daily work of Italian Jewry in order to prepare the future.


Comics Uniting Nations aims to make the UN Sustainable Development Goals more accessible through comics. You can learn more about the partnership and its collaborators on their website. It looks like the project is inactive these days, but the site is still up with lots of comics free to download (see here).
How I’ve used these comics in EAL
Teaching-wise, I’ve only used this comic:
It’s good intro to the goals, and there’s so many ways you can use it in lessons. Examples:
- I mentioned it indirectly in my post on Seesaw activities, when I was using it for guided reading with Year 4. Lots of skills development and vocab-building based around some of the content basically.
- I also used it with Year 5 when they were doing a climate-related unit of inquiry. It helped some learners to choose a sustainable development goal to focus on for an exhibition-type project.
- I recommended it (and the comics on the site in general) to my Year 9 learners for extra-curricular reading, and some used it for the EAL homework tasks I shared a while back.
- I used it as an intro to topics that came up in Geography class, such as a unit on access to clean water (which linked to a few different SDGs). Sometimes that was ‘thank you very much! Most words on the keyword list for the first couple of lessons in one illustration. Perfect!
- I used it ad-hoc when certain topics came up in EAL class and needed a bit of unpacking. Again, a good context builder and a concise alternative to my rambles at times!
Anyway, there are about 20 comics to download, some in multiple languages, others occasionally with audio. The other ones I like (but haven’t used yet) are the ones illustrated by Denis Thomopoulos – great illustrator! Goats of Anarchy is particularly good (and is loosely based on a real goat).
Anyway, worth a look if you haven’t come across it before. If you do use it, which comic is your favourite and how do you use it in class?
All images copyright Comics Uniting Nations.
Categories: Lesson Ideas, other
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Spatial Use, Territoriality, and Summer-Autumn Selection of Habitat in an Intensively Harvested Population of Martens on Commercial Forestland in Maine
- Katnik, Donald D.
The Graduate School University of Maine
Despite the economic and ecological importance of martens (Martes americana), social organization of marten populations has not been well documented. I examined age-specific, seasonal, and sex-specific differences in size and location of martens home-ranges, and spatial and temporal overlap of ranges within and between sexes.
Previous researchers concluded that martens select for mature conifer-dominated forest, but did not consider the effect of instrasexual territoriality on habitat availability, or the variation in selection among martens. I compared habitat selection between sexes, and assessed habitat use in home ranges and in cores areas relative to availability within the study area (i.e., landscape-level selection), and at relocations relative to availability within home ranges (stand-level selection). I also examined the influence of road density, and of the proximity to roads and forest edges on spatial use of habitat.
Region-wide management of forested lands, through a long-term plan for the size, shape,distribution, and frequency of clearcutting, in needed to ensure both visible populations of martens and the economic viability of the wood-products industry. The potential effects of the Maine Forest Practices Act on marten habitat may be considerable, and warrants further study.
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Here we will solve different types of problems on comparison of sides and angles in a triangle.
1. In ∆XYZ, ∠XYZ = 35° and ∠YXZ = 63°.
Arrange the sides of the triangle in the descending order of their lengths.
∠XZY = 180° - (∠XYZ + ∠YXZ)
= 180° - (35° + 63°)
= 180° - 98°
Therefore, ∠XZY > ∠YXZ > ∠XYZ
⟹ XY > YZ > XZ, as the greater angle has the greater side opposite to it.
2. In a ∆PQR, QR = 6 cm, PQ = 6.7 cm and PR = 5 cm. Arrange x°, y° and z and z° in the ascending order.
Given that PQ > QR > PR. Therefore, ∠PRQ > ∠QPR >∠PQR, as the greater side has the greater angle opposite to it.
Therefore, (180° - ∠PRQ) < (180° - ∠QPR) < (180° - ∠PQR)
⟹ z° < x° < y°.
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For the last 19 years, Whakaangi Landcare Trust has been delivering conservation projects to help regenerate native ecosystems in the far north, on the Hihi Peninsula in Doubtless Bay. A recent grant from Foundation North will enable the Trust to run their pest-control trapping programme across their 2,400 hectare of forest land.
The Whakaangi forest has many areas of untouched original bush and is home to many native tree species. Bruce Jarvis, Treasurer of Whakaangi Landcare Trust, says that Whakaangi’s botanical diversity is significant, and by reducing pests such as possums, rats and stoats, there is an immediate benefit to native flora and fauna.
“The botanical diversity is unique because the original forest has grown in size, and the areas that were retired from farming 50 years ago have now returned to forest,” says Bruce. “The peninsular contains flora and fauna representative of the natural environment of Northland prior to land being cleared for pasture, forestry or settlement.” Bruce believes Whakaangi offers a “window in time” into the rich, natural biodiversity which would have been widespread in Northland.
Whakaangi contains the northernmost population of North Island brown kiwi, and numbers have risen since the Trust began its trapping programme, alongside an increase in other native birds. However, Bruce says it is not just birdlife that have benefited from this work.
“The flora from huge kauri, rimu, and pohutakawa, to small native rare ferns, have also recovered in spectacular fashion and growth rates,” said Bruce. “This has a flow on effect of improved air quality and enhanced experience for communities who live on or access the peninsular.”
“The Hihi Residents and Ratepayers Association and greater Hihi community have noticed an improvement in habitat restoration since the trust embarked on this work, which without the support from Foundation North wouldn’t be possible.”


The Navajo tribe of Native Americans is known for exquisite craftsmanship when it comes to handwoven textiles. As a result, many American Indian art auctions feature Navajo blankets prominently. With the many varieties of patterns and colors on the market, it is useful to know some basics for distinguishing the defining characteristics of a quality handwoven Navajo textile. This guide will help both ardent collectors and casual enthusiasts appreciate the beauty of the Navajo aesthetic. After reading, those interested in purchasing a blanket of their own can visit one of the many western art auctions listed on iCollector.com.
Up until the late 19th century, there were only three styles of Navajo blankets. The blankets were woven from the wool of the Spanish Churro sheep, which was introduced by Spanish settlers in the 16th century. The three styles are categorized as first phase, second phase and third phase. First phase blankets feature wide horizontal stripes in blue, white and brown. Second phase blankets are a little more complex with the addition of rectangular patterns in between the horizontal bars. The third phase blankets are the most complex, as diagonal patterns and diamond shapes are introduced.
First, second and third phase Navajo blankets are often very highly valued. During the 19th century when they were being produced, the handwoven textiles would sell for anywhere from $100 to $150 each, almost a year's wages for the average American at the time. Even today the original rugs are very expensive, some being valued as much as $500,000.
As the Navajo tribe grew in its knowledge of weaving practices, so too did the complexity of the products. What were originally rugs meant to be worn transitioned into rugs meant to be sold. Rugs in the style known as Germantown were made from brightly colored machine-spun wool yarn. The bright colors earned them the nickname Eyedazzlers.
Other later rug styles are regional variations that are named for their places of origin. These include Crystal, Ganado, Wide Ruins, Burntwater and Two Grey Hills. Each style has its own flourishes that make it unique, but all Navajo rugs and blankets share certain features that can serve to verify a textile's appellation as a Navajo piece. These include a lack of fringe and a wool warp, as opposed to cotton or linen.
To find a Navajo blanket of your own, visit iCollector.com.


Vascular disease is caused by the build-up of fatty substances that collect and stick to the linings of your arteries, in a process known as atherosclerosis. It may also be referred to as plaque, blockage, lesion, or stenosis. As the plaque build-up continues, the internal lining of your artery thickens which causes the artery to narrow and limit blood flow to vital tissues and organs. Some of the more commonly affected arteries are those located in the heart, legs, arms, neck, and kidneys. The symptoms from these blockages depend on what artery is affected and the severity of the blockage causing limited blood flow. Arteries in your neck are called carotid arteries.
Treatment options include surgery and stenting. A potential complication of both surgery and stenting is a stroke during the procedure itself. For patients at higher risk for the open surgical procedure, we are introducing TCAR. TransCarotid Artery Revascularization (TCAR) is a new, less-invasive treatment option used to repair clogged carotid arteries, reducing the risk of stroke. Well-suited for those patients at higher risk of complications from carotid surgery due to age, anatomy or other medical conditions, it holds low stroke risk and faster patient recovery.


Needle Aspiration and Cytology for Suspected Osteoarticular Tuberculosis in Children
Introduction: Early diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) is essential to prevent significant functional disability. There is no single test for diagnosis. Despite an array of investigations available, definitive diagnosis at early stage before starting antitubercular drugs is still a challenge.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between February 2016 and October 2017. All children less than 18 years of age with suspected osteoarticular tuberculosis were included. The cases were subjected to simple needle aspiration from whichever site was accessible. Multiple sample aspirations were done at site of involvement. Smears were prepared from the aspirated Nmaterial.
Results: Ziehl-Neelsen staining for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) showed deep pink red rods under light microscopy. Features suggestive of tuberculosis can be seen by May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining. Auramine-O staining method of detecting AFB under fluorescent microscope shows the bacilli as greenish yellow slender curved rods in dark background. Fluorescent microscopy has higher sensitivity and comparable specificity. In our study, microbiological confirmation of OATB could be done in 100% cases where the lesion could be accessed for aspiration. The molecular techniques are relatively more expensive and not available everywhere.
Conclusion: Meticulous search for AFB in a well stained smear using three different staining methods provides a direct evidence of infection over costly imaging especially in poor patients seen in resource limited settings.
Abstract | Reference


Consider the following excerpts from Anti-Federalist Papers, Cato No. 4 and No. 5:The safety of the people in a republic depends on the share or proportion they have in their government” … and “… that if you adopt this government, you will incline to an arbitrary and odious aristocracy or monarchy—that the president be possessed of the power, given him by this frame of government differs but very immaterially from the establishment of monarchy in Great Britain …For this Discussion, read Anti-Federalist Papers, Cato, No. 4 and No. 5, and review Federalists No. 67, 78–83, and consider these arguments and their relevance to contemporary America. Cato. (n.d.). Article 2, Section 1, Clause 1: Cato, no. 4. Retrieved October 21, 2015, from http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a2_1_1s6.htmlThe Constitution Society. (n.d.-a). “Brutus.” Retrieved September 3, 2014, http://www.constitution.org/afp/brutus00.htmThe Constitution Society. (n.d.-b). “Cato.” Retrieved September 3, 2014, http://www.constitution.org/afp/cato_00.htmThe Constitution Society. (n.d.-d). The Federalist. Retrieved September 3, 2014, http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa00.htmIndependence Hall Association. (2013b). Constitution of the United States. Retrieved September 5, 2014, from http://www.ushistory.org/documents/constitution.htmPost an explanation of the major arguments of the Anti-Federalist position relative to “governing by consent.” Provide examples of this in contemporary America or another democratic nation. Finally, briefly explain how Cato’s arguments are addressed in Federalists No. 67, 78–83.


Title supplied by cataloger. Constructed between 1909 and 1911 to the cost of over a million dollars, the 12-story Hall of Records at 220 N. Broadway was completely demolished by September 1973.; Los Angeles City hall is a Goodhue-esque structure with classical detailing at the base (Greek freize main entrance and Romanesque arcades) and a campanile-like tower influenced by Ziggurat construction, built from 1926-28, and first dedicated on April 27th of the same year. The concrete that the tower is made of was formed from sand taken from each of California's 50 counties and water from each of its 21 missions. It was the tallest building in Los Angeles until 1957 and remained the tallest building in California, at 28 stories tall (450 feet), for 7 more years. Associated architects were Austin, Parkinson, Parkinson and Martin. The demolition of the Hall of Records well underway on March 22, 1973. City Hall and City Hall Annex are also visible.
1 slide :color ;5 x 5 cm. Photographic color slides
Los Angeles County Hall of Records (Los Angeles, Calif. : 1911-1962) Los Angeles City Hall (Los Angeles, Calif.) James K. Hahn City Hall East (Los Angeles, Calif.) Demolition--California--Los Angeles Cranes, derricks, etc.--California--Los Angeles Civic centers--California--Los Angeles City halls--California--Los Angeles Trees--California--Los Angeles Public buildings--California--Los Angeles Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments Office buildings--California--Los Angeles Lost architecture--California--Los Angeles Spring Street (Los Angeles, Calif.) Downtown Los Angeles (Los Angeles, Calif.) Slides Parkinson, John,1861-1935 Martin, Albert C.,1879-1960 Parkinson, Donald B.(Donald Berthold),1895-1945 Austin, John C. W.(John Corneby Wilson),1870-1963 Stanton & Stockwell


The building sector worldwide uses nearly 50% of all natural resources and is responsible for a third of CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Over the last decades, Germany’s leadership in sustainable architecture has been internationally recognized.
Most optimization strategies focus on minimizing a building’s energy consumption — such as designing façade systems which ensure maximum thermal efficiency. Unfortunately, these technically effective solutions are hardly perceptible for non-specialists.
To enhance the public’s awareness, we need iconographic buildings that visibly express sustainability in architecture engineering. Rethinking the design of infrastructure such as bridges could start a fruitful debate. Thorsten describes an initiative to create new types of bridges made of the oldest material used in manmade structures: wood. This research project, supported by the Ministry of Rural Affairs of Baden-Wuerttemberg, aims for both a highly sustainable approach and a unique contemporary bridge architecture.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community.
In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized. (Subject to certain rules and regulations.)
This talk is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx


Given the numbers and data at our fingertips in this digital age, mathematical and digital literacy skills are imperative when it comes to understanding natural and social phenomena and making good decisions. As teachers we are responsible for helping students make sense of this information
Sherri L. Martinie
Kathryn Early, K. Elizabeth Hammonds, Brea Ratliff, Mariya Rosenhammer, and W. Gary Martin
A high-leverage strategy first discussed more than 50 years ago, wait time has many benefits for both teachers and students yet is not used to its full potential. See how it can enhance your students’ mathematical discourse.
José Martínez Hinestroza and Vanessa Abreu
Children analyzed data to read their bodies and manage their emotions. To avoid controlling children’s bodies and emotions, the authors encourage teachers to embrace children’s unanticipated responses.
Kathryn Lavin Brave and Jillian Miller
Two teachers describe how to use Fermi Questions to illuminate the connections between the Standards for Mathematical Practice and the social and emotional learning competencies.
Ken Keech, Betty Routhouska, and Nicole L. Fonger
Two high school algebra teachers and their students focused on examining population trends affected by the creation of a highway though a thriving African American community.
Draw on two simulations to introduce compound events and help your class make connections between experimental and theoretical probabilities.


If you are in business there are two basic things you ought to know about your money:
|Where did it come from?||Where did it go to?|
In this simple style, lesson 4 will introduce you to the reality of running a small business, something which most NGO and microfinance staff have never done. The lesson will teach you how to construct simple accounts and, by following a micro-enterprise through a series of financial transactions, show how a balance sheet can be used to give a picture of a business at any time and how profit is calculated.
By replacing technical terms with everyday words and explaining concepts and financial relationships in a simple manner, we hope to show you how you can explain accounts to micro-entrepreneurs who have little or no formal education.
The lesson concludes with the construction of some accounts for a subsistence-based farming household and you will see that they are useful even in this situation.
The figures used in the calculations are extremely simplified and dollar signs are used as the currency symbol. So the amounts may bear no relationship to actual prices in your country. The important thing to remember though, is that the principles are the same.
When you have completed the lesson, you should try to watch “How to conduct the microenterprise survey” in the video section.
If you have any comments or suggestions, please click on our Feedback link, or contact the Lessons Manager.. Copyright © 2010, RFLC.


How to Practice Every Abacus Bead Movement in One Exercise
For this activity you will need to have completed all of the Skill Training program on RightLobeMath.com or know all the bead movements for any addition or subtraction. Basically you should be at least a beginning Level 10 abacus student to practice this exercise.
In this exercise we are going to add the number 123,456,789 nine times on the abacus. By adding this same number nine times we will practice all possible bead movements for any addition problem you may encounter. If you do all nine additions correctly you should end up with the number 1,111,111,101. This is great because the sum is an easily recognizable number.
Once we can perform successfully all nine additions, we can also practice all possible subtraction bead movements. Starting from the number 1,111,111,101 we simply subtract the same number 123,456,789 eight times until we arrive at our origin number 123,456,789 on the abacus. Again if we end up with the number we started with you know you executed all your bead movements correctly.
A great practice exercise is start by adding 123,456,789 nine times and then subtracting the same number until you return to the starting point. This is a great exercise not only to practice your bead movements but to build speed as well.


KONSUMSI AIR PUTIH, STATUS GIZI, DAN STATUS KESEHATAN PENGHUNI PANTI WERDA DI KABUPATEN PACITAN
The objective of this study was to learn and analyze the relationship between the consumption of plain water, nutritional status, and health status of panti werda residents in Pacitan. Design of this study was cross-sectional. Subject of this study were panti werda residents. As many as 24 people were chosen as subject. This result showed that 75% of subject had plain water sufficient levels were categorized as adequate and 25% were inadequate. Energy and protein sufficiency levels of subject were 33% and 42% categorized as normal. Micronutrient sufficient levels of subject consists of 83% phosphorus, 88% iron, and 100% vitamin A were categorized as adequate, but calcium and vitamin C sufficient levels as many as 96% and 100% were categorized as inadequate. As many as 42% subject had normal nutritional status, 25% were underweight, and 33% were overweight. Health status of subject as many as 54% were categorized as high and 46% were low. The Pearson and Spearman correlation test showed that nutritional status with nutrient intake, plain water consumption, and health status of subject had no significant relationship (p>0.05).


Supermarket shelves are lined with countless low-fat products, but consumers should be wary and read their labels carefully. Many of those low-fat treats are highly processed and filled with added sugars to compensate for the removal of fat. According to an article on Healthline.com, a cup of low-fat yogurt has 47 grams of sugar, much more than similar-sized servings of ice cream and most sodas.1 Additionally, topping a salad with sugar-laden, fat-free dressing will spike blood sugar and ultimately increase hunger levels faster, meaning you’ll probably end up eating just as much (or more) than you would have eaten had you picked a less processed, balanced meal.2
One study measured a handful of regular foods, as well as their corresponding low-fat and fat free versions, to see how sugar content varied. Of the four categories that were tested— dairy; meats, fish, and poultry; baked goods; and fats, oils, and salad dressings—all four had higher average sugar contents than their regular counterparts.3 If you follow a low-fat diet, skip the processed low-fat foods and be sure to fill your plate with naturally low-fat, minimally processed foods like fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Minimize oil intake by steaming, boiling, or oven roasting your foods instead of pan frying or sauteeing with oil.
1. Spritzler F, RD, CDE. Healthline. 10 Low-fat foods that are actually bad for you. 27 June 2016. https://www. healthline.com/nutrition/10-unhealthy-low-fat-foods. Accessed 1 May 2018.
2. Migala J. Health (site). 9 low fat foods you shouldn’t eat. 15 Jan 2015. http://www.health.com/food/9-low-fat- foods-you-shouldn-t-eat. Accessed 1 May 2018.
3. Nguyen PK, Lin S, Heidenreich P. A systematic comparison of sugar content in low-fat vs. regular versions of food. Nutr Diabetes. 2016 Jan;6(1):3193. Accessed 1 May 2018. NHR


Export only your proven knowledge
It is crucial to understand how to export industry and knowledge. Local aspects need to be known and respected. Energy efficiency has to be already in place through education. Official authorities to commit to Energy efficiency education and implementation before anything else!
Energy efficiency is a general understanding of energy saving regardless of energy source in order to protect resources, avoid by-products and generate cost for energy storage.
Energy storage with batteries is expensive and harms the environment for the toxic mix after the useful life of a battery usually about 10-12 years.
Organic batteries are on the market!
Wind turbines can harm fauna which will have a negative impact of native species in global and local perspective.
Non-renewable sources are known for much longer as air pollutants which is transferred to soil and water.
How do we gather information? Contact your local authorities, search online yourself, get input from professional consultants. Educate yourself and be your energy manager. Use the right of your vote to authorize programs to make policies for the majority of people. Empowering certain interest groups/ person will lead to bias and shift away from transparency and fairness. We all are end-users and consumers. Energy is used in every step. Realize that it has to be produced before any action is taken by anyone.
This is the human aspect in energy generation. The human interaction with environment needs to be sustainable for future generations to come. It is the legacy people want to leave on this planet. If it’s heritage, culture or language the effort is to pass it on. So why not doing the same respect and value to the future of energy usage?
Developing policies and regulations for energy generation and distribution in global and local perspective is inevitable to assure availability for future and address fairness. Energy is business. Successful business strategies seek to create win-win situation for all participants.


Pharmacogenetics: ethical issues
Research in pharmacogenetics investigates how differences in our genes can affect our response to medicines.
The introduction of pharmacogenetics will mean that many more patients are exposed to genetic testing than before. Currently, patients tend only to encounter genetics in the context of serious diseases such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington’s disease.
- Pharmacogenetics could make genetic testing much more routine. We make a number of recommendations to help ensure that the delivery of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice will be as straightforward as possible.
- Reliable and easily accessible information from independent sources will be important, both for doctors and patients.
- Health professionals need to be given training to communicate information about pharmacogenetics.
- Additional resources will be needed to implement pharmacogenetic testing. Doctors will need more time with patients, to discuss tests and to take samples.
- New facilities for testing will be needed, allowing results to be obtained quickly and efficiently. Tests could be carried out either in GPs’ surgeries, at a hospital, or at specialised testing facilities.
Chapter 5 of the report also makes specific recommnendations in answer to the following questions:
- Should tests be made available directly over the counter or on the internet?
- Will consent forms be necessary for pharmacogenetic tests in clinical practice?
- Should patients be prescribed a medicine even if they do not wish to take an associated test?
- Who will have access to pharmacogenetic information?
- Should pharmacogenetic information be used by insurance companies?


Making sure that student is motivated to fulfill philanthropy and sharing, who recognizes the interconnection among humans, health, environment, and nursing and prioritize values focusing on the person's well-being and welfare.
Educational Goals of Departments
- Acquiring the nursing knowledge as required to maintain and promote the health of the patient, prevent diseases and ensure recovery.
- Providing scientific clinical skills for the purpose of solving various nursing issues in practice.
- Improving the integral problem-solving skills through critical thinking.
- Promote a comprehensive understanding of the subject and performing total-personality nursing.
- Demonstrating leadership as nursing teachers who understand diverse cultures and possess global skills.
- Engaging in effective communication and mutual cooperation with health professionals.
- Establishing a professional view of nursing based on ethical norms and a sense of responsibility.
- Conducting nursing research for the improvement of specialist jobs.
Students Envisioned by Departments
Global nursing professionals who are equipped with the scientific knowledge, nursing skills, and attitude to prevent the community of diseases, recover health, and maintain and promote health for individuals, families, and communities at home and abroad and demonstrate a wonderful personality from a moral and ethical perspective.


Carbon nanaina represents the smallest mesh of carbon nanotubes and clusters.
Carbon nanaina represents the smallest mesh of carbon nanotubes and clusters. In the carbon nanophone carbon clusters strung on an irregular three-dimensional grid with a period of 5.6±0,4 Å. Each cluster has a diameter of about 6 nm, and contains about 12000 atoms of carbon. Clusters are joined in a graphite-like layers, which are heptagonal inclusion in a hexagonal structure. Resulting carbon layers have negative curvature.
In contrast nanopen fullerenes have positive curvature due to pentagonal inclusions in their hexagonal carbon structure.
On the structure of carbon nanopen similar to the aerogel.
Carbon nanopen is one of the allotropic forms of carbon , alongside diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbyne , etc.
Benefits and properties:
– apparently carbon of nanopen is a very light powder black
– the density of nanopen of the order of 0.2 mg/cm3. Its density is 100 times less than the density of the carbon aerogel. For comparison, the air density of 1.29 mg/cm3, the density of silica aerogel 1 g/cm3, the density of aerografia 0.18 mg/ cm3,
– is a semiconductor. Specific resistance of 10-30 Mω·m (at room temperature), which decreases as the heating,
– the conductivity of nanopen much smaller than carbon aerogel,
– has strong paramagnetic properties, and at temperatures below ~92 K (the Curie temperature) becomes ferromagnetic. “Permanent” magnetic moment manifests itself immediately after fabrication and is observed within a couple of hours. It is the only form of carbon that is attracted to the magnet at room temperature
the large surface area, which is 300-400 m2/g,
– absorbs infrared rays.
– storage of hydrogen in fuel cells,
– in electronics.
Note: © Photo ,


Online Safety - Information for Parents
The online world is posing an ever-increasing risk to children and it is important that schools, parents and carers work together to take an active role in teaching children about online dangers and how to act safely when using the internet.
We are therefore delighted to announce Bisley C of E School & Foxcubs nursery have shown our commitment to protecting our pupils online and have worked with National Online Safety to deliver an interactive online workshop for all our parents & carers.
The course can be taken at your own convenience and covers:
· Information about online dangers and the newest platforms
· What online risks to look out for and how to protect your child
Please find below the URL you need to visit to register your account You will need to complete your details and select “I am a: Parent/Carer” from the dropdown:
Once you have registered, you will be able to access the “Online Safety for Parents and Carers’ course and National Online Safety’s Resources (which includes 50+ online platform guides on the latest social media channels and games). This aims to help empower parents with the knowledge to protect their children from the dangers of the internet.
If you have any questions, or trouble accessing the course please contact firstname.lastname@example.org.
Information leaflets for parents
Please see the guides below for more information
12 Smartphone Online Safety Tips
Facebook Messenger Parent Guide
How to manage what your children watch on TV
Social Media and Mental Health


Why exercise alone won't get those pounds off - it's because the body adapts to higher exercise levels. We all suspected that, but it is depressing... From Medical Xpress:
Why you won't lose weight with exercise alone
Exercise by itself isn't always enough to take off the weight. Now, evidence reported in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on January 28 helps to explain why that is: our bodies adapt to higher activity levels, so that people don't necessarily burn extra calories even if they exercise more.
People who start exercise programs to lose weight often see a decline in weight loss (or even a reversal) after a few months. Large comparative studies have also shown that people with very active lifestyles have similar daily energy expenditure to people in more sedentary populations.
Pontzer says this really hit home for him when he was working among the Hadza, a population of traditional hunter-gatherers in northern Tanzania."The Hadza are incredibly active, walking long distances each day and doing a lot of hard physical work as part of their everyday life," Pontzer says. "Despite these high activity levels, we found that they had similar daily energy expenditures to people living more sedentary, modernized lifestyles in the United States and Europe. That was a real surprise, and it got me thinking about the link between activity and energy expenditure."
To explore this question further in the new study, Pontzer and his colleagues measured the daily energy expenditure and activity levels of more than 300 men and women over the course of a week.In the data they collected, they saw a weak but measurable effect of physical activity on daily energy expenditure.
But, further analysis showed that this pattern only held among subjects on the lower half of the physical activity spectrum. People with moderate activity levels had somewhat higher daily energy expenditures—about 200 calories higher—than the most sedentary people. But people who fell above moderate activity levels saw no effect of their extra work in terms of energy expenditure."The most physically active people expended the same amount of calories each day as people who were only moderately active," Pontzer says.


Date of Award
This paper describes why knowledge of a foreign language is important and investigates why Americans are falling behind others around the world in regards to their knowledge of a foreign language. The paper then gives descriptions of different types of foreign language classes in the US, specifically classes that use the “book method” of teaching and classes that use the “immersion method” of teaching. Students from these classes also give feedback about their foreign language learning. The paper concludes with recommendations for how more Americans can more effectively learn a foreign language and how the United States can fix its foreign language deficit.
For this paper, research regarding benefits of learning a foreign language, Americans’ lack of foreign language skills and effective methods for teaching a foreign language was done using scholarly and other reliable sources. To see the difference between the “book method” and the “immersion method” of teaching a foreign language, different classes on La Salle University’s campus were observed. Students from these classes were then surveyed in order to get feedback about how they perceived their classes and progression learning a foreign language. Recommendations at the end of the paper are made based off the research, observations and surveys conducted.
It was discovered that learning a foreign language has many benefits, such as more career opportunities, improved cognitive functions, higher test scores and better understanding of other people and cultures. It was also found that Americans are severely trailing behind Europeans in the way of proficiency in foreign languages, most likely because there is much less stress put on foreign languages in the American educational system. Since this is the case, the United States should change how it teaches foreign languages in schools; this includes teaching students foreign languages at a younger age, employing the immersion method, and using more effective classroom exercises and activities.
Riehl, Amanda B., "Americans' Foreign Language Deficit and Possible Solutions" (2016). HON499 projects. 8.


As the weather gets colder, bugs migrate indoors.
As a result, people will start to notice bug bites and infestations.
Normally people see anything from ants to roaches to spiders. But recently scientists discovered a new type of mosquito in New Mexico.
Not to worry though, they are summer bugs.
People will, however, start to see more winter bugs, which are mainly beetles and spiders. Especially tarantulas and recluses, because their migration takes place from September to October.
Tarantulas are abundant in Northern New Mexico, around Santa Fe and Albuquerque. If spiders are “cool” to you, the best time to look for spiders is in the late afternoon around sunsets.
There are other types. In Rio Rancho, people post pictures of all kinds of spiders and, sometimes, centipedes.
Rio Rancho’s Advantage Pest and Weed Control says brown recluses are most common here during the winter though.
“Humans will typically find the webs of Brown Recluse Spiders in garages, sheds, woodpiles and similar placed where the spider will be left undisturbed by human activity most of the day. It appreciates human made shelters and the warm/rain-free environment,” according to their web site.
Winter insects are in search of two things — food and warmth.
According to pest control experts. people should make sure food is sealed in plastic or glass containers and crumbs or food debris are quickly cleaned up.
They also suggest that you seal the gaps which will help to control the bulk of the issue.
A gap in the window sill, cracks in the flooring, or a small hole in the wall could allow pests to get inside.
There are also some repellents and sprays that can help. The problem is not all of them are healthy for pets or people.
Click here for a list of non-toxic repellents.


Cuisine and Etiquette in Uganda
By a Ugandan Teacher
In Uganda, the staple food is matoke (cooking bananas). Other food crops include cassava (manioc), sweet potatoes, white potatoes, yams, beans, peas, groundnuts (peanuts), cabbage, onions, pumpkins, and tomatoes. Some fruits, such as oranges, pawpaws (papayas), lemons, and pineapples, are also grown.
Most people, except for a few who live in the city centers, produce their own food. The responsibility for preparing the family's meals belongs solely to women and girls in the home. Men and boys of age 12 and above are not even expected to sit in the kitchen, which is separate from the main house. Cooking is done on an open fire using wood for fuel.
Most families eat two meals a day. The two meals are lunch and supper. Breakfast is just a cup of tea or a bowl of porridge.
When a meal is ready, all members of the household wash their hands and sit down on [floor] mats. Hands have to be washed before and after the meal because most Ugandans eat with their hands. At mealtime everybody is welcome; visitors and neighbors who drop in are expected to join the family at a meal.
Food is served by women. They cut it up into small pieces for each member of the family. Sauce, which is usually a stew with vegetables, beans, butter, salt, and curry powder, is served to each person on a plate. Sometimes fish or beef stew is served.
Normally a short prayer is said before the family starts eating. During the meal, children talk only when asked a question. It is bad manners to reach for salt or a spoon. It is better to ask someone sitting close to it to pass it. It is also bad manners to leave the room while others are still eating. Everyone respects the meal by staying seated until the meal is over. Leaning on the left hand or stretching ones legs while at a meal is a sign of disrespect and is not tolerated.
People usually drink water at the end of the meal. It is considered odd to drink water while eating.
When the meal is finished, everyone in turn gives a compliment to the mother by saying, "Thank you for preparing the meal, madam." No dessert is served after the meal. Fruits like papaw, pineapple, or sweet bananas are normally eaten as a snack between meals.


Aetiology, Epidemiology and Control of Measles
Eight vineyards, including four Thompson Seedless and four Cabernet Sauvignon were surveyed during the 1997-98 growing season for foliar and fruit symptoms of measles. Each vine was evaluated for disease incidence and severity with severity scored on a scale of 0 (= no symptoms) to 5 (= complete foliar and fruit symptoms). Disease incidence increased for each vineyard over time but average severity for each plot did not follow a similar trend, decreasing at different times of the growing season for different vineyards. In 1997-98, SLO-2 had the lowest foliar and fruit incidence and severity. Tulare-1 had the highest foliar incidence and severity in 1997-98 but only had the highest fruit incidence in 1997 while SB had the highest incidence in 1998. Tulare-1 had the second highest fruit severity in 1997 and the highest severity in 1998. It also had the greatest yield loss for both years with 4,115.5 and l,164lbs in 1997-998 respectively. SLO-2 had the least amount of yield loss in 1997 with 163.91bs and 131. libs in 1998. Several systemic fungicides, such as propiconizol, myclobutanil, and Foscheck, are being screened for growth inhibition oi Phaeoacremonium inflatipes and P. chlamydosporum. Fungicide trials were set up using three different methods:
- Three 60cc syringes with 50ml of fungicide solution were inserted into predrilled holes around the base of the vines.
- An injection gun, which forced the fungicide solution into the xylem vessels of measles infected vines.
- Fungicide applications were placed in fresh girdling wounds of infected Thompson Seedless vines.
A field trial has been setup at the U. C. Davis, Department of Plant Pathology Field Station, which includes 150 Thompson Seedless and 150 Red Globe, in order to test different applications of fungicides, which will protect the young plants from infection.


Homepage › Forums › Articles › Operating Systems › Windows › Quick DLL Intro
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DLL (Dynamic-Link Library) files on Windows systems are shared library files. They use the Portable Executable (PE) file format on 32 and 64-bit Windows systems. The files use the *.dll extension, but they may use *.ocx if they contain ActiveX controls. DLL files use the "application/x-msdownload" mimetype.
DLL files are executable libraries, although they do not execute directly like a program. Rather, programs can import functions and data from DLL files. Many programming languages can import DLL files including C/C++, Visual Basic, Python, Delphi, and others.
DLL have many advantages.
- They consume less resources since they are only loaded when used rather than loaded onto RAM all at once (like the program's functions).
- Bug fixes are easier since a single DLL can be replaced rather than recompiling a whole set of programs.
- It is easier to create modular programs and systems via DLL files.
- When multiple programs load the same DLL, the file is only loaded onto the RAM once.
- General Windows Topics (Article Index) - http://dcjtech.info/topic/general-windows-topics/


Woman Empowerment: Cultural influences
Culture is a huge part of life in Papua New Guinea and influences every aspect of its society. It is based on Melanesian principles where the male are considered as ‘big men.’
The idealistic perception of the ‘big men’ culture is that women are inferior and are not equal to men. Therefore, women face discrimination in economic, political spheres and many other aspects of life.
What is sad is that it has become a way of life, it is seen as normal and it is “socially acceptable.” Thus, the concept of gender inequality and the struggle to empower women is felt significantly.
In line with these two concepts is gender-based violence (GBV) where it is a significant limitation to gender inequality and woman empowerment and unfortunately, it is also seen as an acceptable practice throughout the country.
How can we empower women in a male dominated society that is influenced primarily by culture? How can gender inequality be minimized or stopped when the Melanesian way is centred on the “big men” system? And how can gender-based violence be better addressed?
Addressing GBV and gender inequality with the help of the Government, churches and the people of this nation is crucial for the advancement of woman. Men have to be part of the solution and to unite and work together to promote gender equity and woman empowerment on a large scale.
Culture is important and so are women. Culture is often cited as being an important factor in the marginalization of women in PNG and a number of these cultural customs contribute to women’s vulnerability.
Many PNG women value culture and also see it as unchangeable. Thus, it will take a long time for the issues of GBV, gender inequality and women empowerment to be properly addressed.


Electrochemistry is a sub-discipline of physical chemistry; it is concerned with:
- chemical reactions involving charged particles and electron transfers - i.e. redox reactions
- the relationship between electrical and chemical energy and the conversion of one to the other
Electrochemical processes are fundamental in a wide range of phenomena. For example, photosynthesis and brain chemistry are driven by electrochemical processes, as are electric batteries and fuel cells.
To study redox reactions, electrochemists usually find it convenient to separate the reduction and oxidation reactions in a cell using electrodes connected by a metal conductor to transport electrons from the species losing electrons to the species gaining electrons.
Equilibrium electrochemical methods allow redox potentials to be measured, from which crucial parameters such as the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy can be determined for the reactions studied.
Chemical reaction rates can also be measured, because the reaction rate is related to the electric current - the higher the current, the faster the reaction. Techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy may be used to determine reaction rates.
Electrochemistry is one of the main research and development disciplines involved in fields such as:
- fuel cells
- metal corrosion protection
Instruments based on electrochemical methods are vital in analytical chemistry and provide convenient ways to measure, for example:
- water contamination
- toxic gas levels in air
- gene expression
- blood glucose
- alcohol in breath


Environmental Management Key Terms Cards
These cards were compiled to help with revision for the CAIE (0680) Environmental Management IGCSE, and follows the Skinner et al 2017 Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Environmental Management Coursebook.
These cards have been created for the 2022 summer exam.
Once we have read through the entire course book, we use them by grouping the cards and putting them on a sheet of A1 in a configuration that makes sense to us – I always think of them like supermarket aisles, but you could equally do a mind map or similar. We then go through each card checking that my off-spring has fully understood each concept and discuss any blanks in knowledge. By having the cards grouped, it helps them to visualise what concepts should always be thought of together when answering exam questions, e.g. water pollution and eutrophication. We then go on to use them when marking past papers, helping them pick out which cards would be relevant for the answer and what they could have put in the answer to maximise marks.
Finally, I leave them to try and memorise exact definitions for terms that come up in the 1 and 2 mark questions.
The cards are in the files below, with instructions on how to make them below that. I have added pictures of how we have grouped our cards at the bottom, should you be looking for inspiration, but the whole point is to group them in a way that works for you.
- Print out. (You may need to change the scale, depending on your computer. On mine the scale needs to be about 77% to fill an A4 sheet when printed.)
- Cut through the middle along the width (there should be five card names and their definitions/accompanying text on each half).
- Fold each half in half again, along the longest length, so that the card names are all on one side and the accompanying text is on the back.
- Stick the two sides together and cut so that each card is separate from the other four.
- Laminate if you think they are going to get heavy use, or just use as is.
2 Replies to “Environmental Management Key Terms Cards”
Oh Thankyou for the revision card link – so generous and very much appreciated.
I’m popping down to the Hospice charity store tomorrow and will give a donation 💚
Glad they are of use. x


Share the report!
Disparities in Neighborhood Food Retail
Over the years, there has been a lot of focus on measuring the lack of healthy food in neighborhoods. The Get Healthy Philly team is excited to add to the food access conversation with the recent release of “Neighborhood Food Retail in Philadelphia.”
This new report maps neighborhood availability of “high-produce supply stores” (e.g., supermarkets, produce stores, farmers’ markets) in relation to “low-produce supply stores” (like dollar stores, pharmacies, and convenience stores).
This dual approach recognizes the central role produce plays in a healthy diet, and the fact that the broad availability of cheap, less-healthy food can impact diet as well. We know that people don’t always shop for food at the store closest to their house, and factors like price, quality, and cleanliness also impact our choices. But it’s important to measure the “food store mix” by neighborhood to understand if there are place-based disparities in food choices.
- Lower-income neighborhoods have disproportionately more low-produce stores. And neighborhoods with higher incomes have more high-produce supply stores.
- In the future, we need to think about ways we can consider quality and cost and get more data on individual stores.
- Across Philadelphia, low-produce supply stores vastly outnumber high-product supply stores (4 out of 5 stores are low-produce supply). This tips the balance towards foods high in calories, fat, sugar, or salt for everyone.
- Proximity to supermarkets is only one part of improving diet quality.


3 Things To Know About Gum Tissue Examinations
During a routine dental visit, your dentist might perform an examination of your gums. One of the steps during a gum examination is measuring the pockets of your gums. Gum pockets are areas between your teeth and gums, and these areas are where gum disease develops. If you've never had this done before, here are three things you should know.
How gum disease forms
Your teeth will naturally develop plaque on them from the foods and beverages you consume. When you brush and floss, you remove the plaque; however, this requires good oral care habits. If you do not brush and floss well, the plaque can work its way under the gums and this is what leads to the formation of gum disease. Getting your teeth professionally cleaned twice a year is a great way to also protect your teeth and gums from gum disease and allowing a dentist to examine and measure your gum pockets can be helpful in diagnosing gum disease.
How dentists detect gum disease
When you visit a dentist for an examination and cleaning, he or she can complete a gum tissue examination. During this, the dentist will use a small tool to measure the pockets in your gum lines. This tool measures in terms of millimeters (mm), and the measurements will reveal whether you have healthy gums or gum disease.
If the gum line pockets measure between 0 to 3 mm, you have healthy gums. If they measure between 3 to 5 mm, this is a sign of initial stages of gum disease. If they are deeper than 5 mm, you may have a progressive state of gum disease. Getting this examination at least once a year is great at preventing major gum disease problems in your mouth.
How your dentist may treat the problem
If your dentist finds problems with your gums, he or she will treat the problems according to the severity level. With initial stages of gum disease, a dentist will normally treat the problem by performing a procedure called scaling and root planing. This procedure involves deep-cleaning the gum lines as a way of removing the built-up plaque and bacteria. If you have a more severe stage of gum disease, you may need a gum graft or another type of procedure to fix the problem.
Having healthy gums is just as important as having healthy teeth. To schedule an appointment for an examination and cleaning, contact a local family dentistry clinic.


Speeding innovation for industry
Article | Diagnosis
Technologies for healthcare
Ionizing X-ray and gamma-ray imaging techniques are used in medical diagnostics, security, and non-destructive testing. CEA Tech institute Leti has achieved some of the advances driving these techniques, and develops highly sensitive spectrometric detectors capable of discerning tissue or material in greater detail than other techniques.
The institute also leverages signal acquisition and processing and image processing know-how to develop in vivo and in vitro optical imaging systems. For example, the institute developed and patented lensless imaging, a technique used to monitor cell cultures in real time, capturing images of several thousand cells simultaneously. Leti also possesses expertise in unfocused imaging and Raman spectroscopy. By combining these technologies, the institute is able to both locate and characterize biological compounds on a single sample.
ALL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
Researchers from CEA-Leti, a CEA Tech institute, tested a novel hypothermia treatment for glioblastoma, a particularly serious type of brain tumor, at biomedical research center Clinatec.
A new-generation X-ray Photon Counting Detector Module (PCDM) which can count and classify photons at very high X-ray flux and with particularly high spatial resolution is currently in the clinical testing phase. The PCDMs integrating technology developed by CEA Leti, a CEA Tech institute, is expected to enable new personalized diagnostic tests.
CEA-Leti, a CEA Tech institute, is gradually shifting over to more sustainable practices.
CEA-List, a CEA Tech institute, has mapped the parts that present induced radioactivity in medical particle accelerators, information that is vital to dismantling the equipment safely.
A powerful and modular new computing code was developed to simulate the dose of radiation received by patients during radiation therapy and medical imaging procedures.
How to collaborate with CEA Tech teams ?
CEA is a French government-funded technological research organisation in four main areas: low-carbon energies, defense and security, information technologies and health technologies. A prominent player in the European Research Area, it is involved in setting up collaborative projects with many partners around the world.


Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta
Tuta absoluta is one of the most economically important pests of tomato and is posing a serious threat to the fruits production across the Mediterranean and African regions.
This pest is crossing borders rapidly and devastating tomato production substantially. Originating from South America, Tuta absoluta is finding the shores of the Mediterranean a perfect new home where it can breed between 10-12 generations in a year. The presence of Tuta absoluta has been reported in Italy, France, Malta, the United Kingdom, Greece, Switzerland, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Albania. Tuta absoluta has been an established pest of South America since the 1980’s.
Tuta absoluta has the ability to attack the tomato at all stages. That’s why Russell IPM have developed solutions to deal with this pest at various stages of infestation.
The Tomato leaf miner is a serious pest of tomato. This insect can also attack potato, aubergine, peppers and solanaceous weeds. It originated from South America and was recently detected in Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Larvae produce large galleries in leaves, burrow into stalks, apical buds and green and ripe fruits.
Tuta absoluta poses a serious threat to protected cultivation of tomato in the Mediterranean region. It is capable of reducing up to 80-100% of total crop yield. Russell IPM manufactures and supplies Tuta absoluta pheromone lure trap for monitoring, mass trapping and lure and kill solutions.


Volcanologists and climatologists are watching the current eruption of Mount Tavurvur in Papua New Guinea closely to see how long and intense the current eruption lasts. The volcano erupted so strongly on Friday that Qantas airline had to reroute flights between Sydney and Tokyo as well as Sydney and Shanghai to avoid the clouds of ash being pushed all the way up into the stratosphere. If the ash is ingested into aircraft engines, it can lead to shutting the engines down and is also the concern of a newly erupting volcano in Iceland.
Climatologists are concerned because strong volcanic eruptions, particularly those in equatorial regions, can lead to cooler conditions (and spectacular sunsets) for several years following the eruption. The cause: reflection of sunlight back to space from small sulfuric acid droplets that are lofted high into the atmosphere. These drops, which act like the reflective glass beads in stop signs, reduce the amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth’s surface, effectively cooling it off until the droplets fall out over time. Known eruptions with climate effects include Mount Pinatubo in 1992 and Mount Tambora in 1815 (“The year without a summer”). It is too early yet to see if this new eruption will put out enough sulfuric acid droplets to cause impacts on climate, but we will continue to watch it to determine future impacts, if any.
For a story on the eruption and its impacts from Mashable, click here.


There are numerous misconceptions regarding hearing loss. I would like to address several of them.
- Only old people have hearing loss. False! While hearing loss is more prevalent in the older generation, anyone can have hearing loss. Some babies are born with hearing loss. Some hearing loss is genetic, some caused by ototoxic medications. Some hearing loss comes from loud noise, some from physical conditions.
- Misconceptions about noise induced hearing loss. I often hear from people who worked in factories long before hearing protection was offered, why protect hearing now? Hearing loss is not a one and done deal. It is cumulative. I counsel daily about using ear protection when mowing the yard or weed whacking, using skill saws or chain saws. Keep the music down, too. Especially if using ear buds or air pods. While we cannot prevent age related hearing loss, you cannot afford to lose hearing from something that you have control over!
- Hearing loss only affects your ears. False! Studies suggest that hearing loss can actually increase your risk of cognitive decline, dementia, falls, social isolation and depression – not one of these risks relate exclusively to your ears!
- Hearing loss does not need to be treated. False! Read number 3 above. Treating hearing loss can lead to improved communication ability and a better quality of life. Wearing hearing aids may help to mask tinnitus. Hearing aids keep the brain stimulated, which can help slow cognitive decline. Use of hearing aids can allow us to communicate with much less effort.
For more information, see us at one of our 9 Gardner Audiology locations. Call 800-277-1182.


Tackling poverty through adaptation in Bangladesh
From sky to sea, Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change. Changing rainfall patterns, melting glaciers in the Himalayas, increased floods and storms, rising sea levels, all have an impact on Bangladesh, and in particular, on the poorest communities.
Abdul Mazid, who lives in the flood-prone Sunamgonj district of the country, says the region experienced a severe drop in fish stocks recently: “Our parents could catch fish in two or three hours, now we need at least three days to get the same amount of fish”.
Through technical support to 28 ongoing government projects in Bangladesh, the Poverty-Environment Initiative (PEI), a joint programme of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment), is helping to reverse environmental degradation while also benefiting the poor by creating income possibilities and improving resilience to the affects of climate change.
One of the key achievements of PEI in Bangladesh has been to introduce government procedures for new projects seeking public funds. As a result, all ministries that submit projects for funding must demonstrate the percentage of poor people who will benefit, what the impact on natural resources will be, and the extent of resilience of new infrastructure to climate change.
“More projects are coming up that reflect an awareness of climate change impacts on development, as well as environmental sustainability and poverty alleviation,” said Mr. Nurun Nahar, a planning expert in Bangladesh.
In Sunamgonj, the project has helped local communities increase their fish stock and improve agricultural production through better natural resource management, which resulted in better means of livelihood for 100,000 households.
Experts from PEI provided technical support and recommendations to improve the water management system, introduce crops resistant to climate change, and increase floating gardens and fish cage culture. This was coupled with the construction of environmentally friendly roads resistant to natural hazards that improved access to local markets, education and sanitation. For more on PEI Bangladesh see the clip below and visit the PEI Bangladesh Country Page.
This article was first published on www.undp.org.


Table of Contents
What are two main differences between theories and hypotheses?
A hypothesis is one statement; a theory is a collection of things. A theory is more likely to be true than a hypothesis. A hypothesis is usually tentative, while a theory is typically more permanent. A theory is always backed by evidence, but a hypothesis doesn’t have to be.
What is difference between fact and hypothesis?
Facts are objective statements like “It is raining.” A hypothesis is a proposed explanation of a fact like “It is probably raining because it is too warm for condensation to freeze into snow.”
How do hypothesis and theories differ quizlet?
How do hypotheses and theories differ? A hypothesis is a testable statement that serves as a basis for making predictions and for carrying out further experiments. A theory is a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena. A useful model is usually proposed after a hypothesis is shown to be correct.
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from the theories in science? hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope, theories have broad explanatory power.
Why is psychology a science and how can it be distinguished from pseudoscience and folk wisdom?
Psychology is a science because it is based on rigorous research and empirical evidence. It can be distinguished from pseudoscience and folk wisdom because it’s theories can be followed through with evidence while the other two are mere intelligent guessing and ORAL traditions.
Whats the difference between a hypothesis and a theory Brainpop?
What’s the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? “Theory is another word for “fact”; hypothesis is another word for “guess”. Theories have been confirmed through tests; hypotheses haven’t. Theories contain many hypothesis; a hypothesis only contains one theory.
How are hypotheses and theories related quizlet?
A hypothesis provides a testable explanation from an observation. A scientific theory is a proposed explanation for a wide range of observations supported by a wide range of evidences. A theory in everyday language is a guess.


The play is based on the 1932 book of the same name by Nebraska poet John G. Neihardt, taken from his conversations with the Oglala holy man Nicholas Black Elk, who lived from 1863 to 1950.
Black Elk said that several times during his life, he had several visions in which he learned things that would help his people. In the book, he reveals the story of his life, including his experiences at the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Wounded Knee Massacre, and tells of Native American tribal traditions and spirituality.
For more on the subject, see:
Oglala Lakota College play aims to reach young people
The man with the starring role and director’s duties for Oglala Lakota College’s production of “Black Elk Speaks” hopes the spiritual lessons he’s added to the play will thrive among the young people who come to see it.
“It validates our culture,” said Larry Swalley of the revisions he’s made it to a stage adaptation of John G. Neihardt’s spiritual classic from 1932. “Hopefully, it will take root and then our children will come to have a better understanding of our culture and flourish with it.”
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One example I can give you is a recent interview of a former collegiate professor of mine. This is an accomplished man in his field who is the chair of his department, and he hails from Argentina. His surname is pronounced (gah-sho), but it is spelled “Gallo” which would lead most Spanish-speaking people to believe that it would be pronounced (gah-yo). Argentina, however, uses a dialect of Spanish similar to Castellano in Spain and their “ll” sounds like a “sh”. The interviewer used neither pronunciation, and I'm assuming she didn't bother to ask him politely how he pronounced his name, but she opted for the Americanized (gal-low) pronunciation when that English short “a” vowel sound doesn't exist in that language. In no way did this seem to bother Dr. Gallo, but to the listening audience which included myself, it sounded careless and unprofessional.
I've perused many websites, and scholarly journals, and other media. There is often a rough draft quality about many things I read. I often think to myself, “Clearly, writing in a public forum is a component of this person's job. Why aren't they better at it?”. The bottom line is this: The devil is in the details. If you want to affect public opinion with the written word, come with your “A” game, and read what you write aloud to yourself before posting it, or allow a colleague to read over your post. You'll be glad you did. You may only get one new customer out of a thousand, but sometimes it's a high-profile customer, and it could be worth it.


This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2023)
Kaikilani (16th-century-17th-century), also known as Kaʻikilani nui aliʻiwahine ʻo Puna, was a High Chiefess and ruler Aliʻi Nui of Hawaiʻi island. She was a legendary figure in Hawaiian native oral tradition who dates to around the 16th century in the western calendar. Her father was Kukaʻilani and mother was Kaohukiokalani, both half-blood siblings of their father, Kealiʻiokaloa, ruling chief of Hawai'i Island.
She was married to Ali'i Lonoikamakahiki (not to be confused with the god Lono), son of Keawe-nui-a-‘Umi, and heir to the throne of Hawai'i island, the moiship. When the king died Lono did not feel he was ready for the responsibility of kingship and declined to rule until he had mastered the martial skills. Hawai'i Island was divided into three separate districts. Kona and Kohala had two rulers, Kanaloa-kua'ana and 'Umi-o-ka-lani; Ka-'u and Puna were ruled by Lono-i-ka-makahiki; Hilo and Hamakua we're ruled by Kumalae-nui-a-'Umi and his son, Makua. Kaikilani ruled as the first chiefess in Hawaiian history. When Lono had shown his martial skills to the satisfaction of his subjects he returned and took up the throne as Co ruler with Kaikilani.
A crater on the planet Venus has been named Kaikilani in her honour, see List of craters on Venus.


by David Brewin
Land Tenure Support Programme
A new land tenure support programme is being helped financially by Britain’s DFID, Sweden’s SIDA and Denmark’s DANIDA. The project will help Tanzanian farmers to have better access to agricultural knowledge, technologies, marketing systems and infrastructure. It will also aim to make Tanzania’s agricultural economy become more productive and profitable.
Tanzania’s current land policy supports the recognition of existing land rights and security of tenure for all and this project is designed to establish a more effective economic and transparent system of land tenure. Under existing legislation, one of the key mechanisms for determining tenure is the division of lands into three categories: village land which is held by the villages and represents approximately 70% of the land mass; reserved land (28%); and, the remainder which is administered by the Minister for Lands.
The project aims to build a basis for resolving the issues that limit the contribution that the land sector can make to achieve the country’s broader development goals. The project will enhance the benefits from large-scale land deals and improve dispute settlement procedures. There will be two pilot districts.
At the beginning of this year a new financial problem hit Tanzania’s sugar industry. Large quantities of cheap and illegal sugar imports began to flood the country. The quantity was estimated to be some 100,000 tonnes and the local market was destabilised. By March, Tanzanian sugar producing factories were holding 68,000 tonnes of sugar that they could not sell. In April, Tanzania’s Revenue Authority seized 15 tonnes of contraband sugar from Brazil which had been imported through Bagamoyo.
The situation is complex as the Tanzanian Sugar Board has been quoted in the East African as stating that Tanzania now consumes 590,000 tonnes annually although the country’s four local plants are capable of supplying only 290,000 tonnes. The gap is filled by cheap imports but these appear to have been arriving in excessive quantities recently. President Kikwete has spoken of Tanzania’s plans to build 12 new sugar factories by 2030.


Parks and Recreation Month
“There is nothing so American as our national parks. The scenery and the wildlife are native. The fundamental idea behind the parks is native. It is, in brief, that the country belongs to the people, that it is in the process of making for the enrichment of the lives of all of us. The parks stand as the outward symbol of the great human principle.” – Franklin D. Roosevelt
Since 1985, National Parks and Recreation month has been recognized in July, as a time to celebrate our country's many local, state, and national parks. This network of parks – and, most importantly, the people who work so hard every day to manage them – help contribute to the overall well-being and health of our communities.
The world's first national park was Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 to protect more than 2 million acres of mountains, wilderness, and gorgeous landscapes. Cleveland's own Metroparks system was created in 1917 as a way of maintaining green space for future generations as Cuyahoga County began to grow and develop.
Today, the Cleveland Metroparks make up more than 24,000 acres of park space. According to the Metroparks, more than 700,000 people in 49 communities have been served by the Cleveland Metropark system since 2019. This includes the kids and communities from under-served areas that ZENworks Yoga works with, who may otherwise not have access to parks or green space.
Here are some of our favorite family-friendly park activities:
Explore a new playground. The brand new playground at Edgewater Beach is set to open later this summer and features different bridges and climbing equipment.
Pack and picnic and head to the beach. The Cleveland Metroparks offers swimming with lifeguards at six different locations.
Become a Junior Ranger by completing a series of activities with the Cuyahoga Valley National Parkway! (https://www.nps.gov/cuva/learn/kidsyouth/beajuniorranger.htm)
Take a walk, or a bike ride, or a hike on one of the many miles of trails throughout the park system. Trails are offered for all levels of accessibility and fitness.
Parks aren't just for summer! There are tons of winter activities like sledding, cross country skiing, hiking, and more that can be done in the winter!
Grab your family and some water bottles and go explore!


Caring for the sick
People in your household may fall sick. You need to make sure that they don’t spread the virus and have a safe and healthy place to recover properly. So, if someone around you is unwell, how do you care for them?
Scroll down to view and download an illustrated story, a set of guidelines and some detailed information in various languages.
Selvi the Caregiver
Click to download the infographic in different languages:
What do you do if someone in your household falls sick?
A majority of COVID19 cases involve a cough and fever, much like a flu. If someone in your family shows these symptoms, they could be a COVID19 case. Individuals who are normally in good health usually get better on their own in 3-5 days. The patient will need care and support to ensure that the virus does not spread within the household or beyond.
Click to download the guidelines in different languages:
- Guidelines for quarantine from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
- Guidelines for Elderly from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
- Home care of patients : recommendation from World Health Organization (WHO)
- Principal Scientific Advisors Office on how to make a mask
- Questions about pets


Roughly 231,840 women and 2,350 men in the U.S. are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Statistically 1 in 8 women develop breast cancer at some point during their lifetime.
Breast cancer statistics
The incidence rate of breast cancer has risen since the 1970’s, and then remained relatively stable since 2003. The U.S. holds the 9th highest rate worldwide. Even though the incidence rate has gone significantly up since the 70's, fortunately so has the survival rate. In the 70's, 75.2% of women would live more than five years after the diagnosis. Today approximately 90% of women survive beyond 5 years and almost 67% survive the disease beyond 20 years.
In 2011 roughly 40,200 women died from breast cancer. Of these, approximately 5,240 were under the age of 50, but in general three quarters of breast cancer fatalities are over 60 years of age. Although the annual number is high, the death rate is constantly dropping. Since 1989, the death rate has dropped steadily in the US. From 2003-2009, these rates dropped 3% per year in women younger than 50, and 2% per year in women over 50.
Source: National Cancer Institute BREASTCANCER.ORG American Cancer Society
Last updated: 10/22/19


Several publications over the past few years have predicted thousands of cancers and cancer deaths in the US population caused by radiation exposures from medical imaging. The predictions are derived from risk estimates in the National Academy of Sciences BEIR VII report. These risk estimates are highly speculative with wide confidence intervals, and the BEIR VII committee has warned against using them to estimate cancer risks to individuals or populations. They are based on risk models derived from the linear no‐threshold hypothesis of radiation risk at low doses, a hypothesis that has been challenged by experiments at the cellular and animal levels as well as by data of cancer incidence in medically‐, occupationally‐, and environmentally‐exposed individuals. The main source of data for the BEIR VII risk estimates are the survivors of the Japanese A‐bomb explosions, a population greatly different from the US population that was exposed to radiation conditions greatly different from those of medical imaging. Collectively, the uncertainties in the derivation of the BEIR VII risk estimates, and the intrinsic speculative nature of the risk estimates themselves, cause predictions of cancers and cancer deaths to be more hypothetical than real in populations exposed to medical imaging. Unfortunately, these hypothetical predictions are themselves a health risk, because they create anxiety in patients resulting in a reluctance to undergo medical imaging procedures prescribed for their benefit.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||2|
|State||Published - Jun 2012|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging


The World Anti-Doping Code International Standard for Education is a mandatory
International Standard developed as part of the World Anti-Doping Program. It was
developed in consultation with Signatories, public authorities, and other relevant
The International Standard for Education was first adopted and approved by the
WADA Executive Committee at the Fifth World Conference on Doping in Sport in
in Katowice on 7 November 2019 and is effective as of 1 January 2021.
Click here to access the document in other languages.World Anti-Doping Code 2021
The World Anti-Doping Code (Code) is the core document that harmonizes anti-doping policies, rules and regulations within sport organizations and among public authorities around the world. It works in conjunction with eight International Standards which aim to foster consistency among anti-doping organizations in various areas.
Click here to access the document in other languages.
The 2021 Prohibited List
Since 2004, and as mandated by World Anti-Doping Code, WADA has published an annual List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (List).The List, which forms one of the six International Standards, identifies the substances and methods prohibited in- and out-of-competition, and in particular sports. The substances and methods on the List are classified by different categories (e.g., steroids, stimulants, gene doping).
Click here to access the document in other languages.Athlete’s Guide to the 2021 Code (Spanish)International Standard for Results Management (ISRM)ADeL for Tokyo 2020 OlympicsITA – Real Sport Lab (Spanish)Doping Control Process for Athletes
The doping control video provides athletes with basic information about their rights and responsibilities in the doping control process and outlines each phases of the process: athlete selection, athlete notification, sample collection, laboratory analysis, and results management.
Click here to access the video in other languages.


Subjects at UniMelbSciComm
At the University of Melbourne, we believe it is essential for scientists to learn how to share their ideas with a variety of audiences in an effective and engaging manner. These audiences may include scientists from other disciplines, school students, research funding agencies, media, government, industry and the public.
We offer three subjects to help science students develop the written and spoken communication skills they will need to be successful in their careers. These subjects focus on providing many opportunities for students to receive feedback and improve their own written and spoken communication skills.
MULT20011 Science Communication and Employability (Level 2 Breadth)
and SCIE90012 Science Communication (Graduate)
In both subjects, we discuss the important role science and technology plays in twenty-first century society and explore why it is vital that scientists learn to articulate their ideas effectively to non-scientists. Topics include giving talks, blogging, writing press releases, communicating about climate change, communicating with politicians, science performance, and how science is reported in the media.
In Science Communication & Employability, we also focus on effective communication in the context of employability: writing a CV or job application, interview skills, interpersonal communication and what communication skills employers are looking for in science graduates. Science Communication students undertake exciting internships with a variety of science organisations in Melbourne, including Zoos Victoria, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 3RRR Community radio, EPA, CSIRO, University High School, Royal Botanic Gardens, Prader-Willi Research Foundation Australia, Melbourne Space Program and Museums Victoria.
Communication for Research Scientists (Graduate)
As a scientist, it is not only important to be able to experiment, research and discover, it is also vital that you can communicate your research effectively in a variety of ways to other scientists, including those outside your field. Even the most brilliant research is wasted if no one knows it has been done or if your audience is unable to understand it.
This subject is for research students and includes effective science writing and oral presentations across a number of formats: writing a thesis; preparing, submitting and publishing journal papers; searching for, evaluating and citing appropriate references; peer review, making the most of conferences; applying for grants and jobs; and using social media to publicise research.


Time and Consciousness
Putting a thumbtack in this one for later:
The sensation of cause and effect — time and its directionality — is actually the perception of the gradient of increasing entropy in a closed system. Being able to perceive this gradient would have evolutionary advantages, in the same way as perceiving other gradients — e.g. chemicals (via odor), pressure (via touch), or light (via sight). A dinoflagellate will respond to any of these using only the most primitive receptors. If a more advanced being can perceive that an action may induce a result, then it can anticipate results.
But nothing about this directionality is necessarily objective, any more than “stinky” or “purple” are objective properties. Dogs are a zillion more times sensitive to odor than humans but can’t see the color we call purple. I recall from reading physics years ago that quantum equations work equally well in either temporal direction. “Time” may just be how sentient beings perceive a path through the events of the universe. Remove that perception and time could either be a single point — everything happening all at once — or a multidimensional space full of disconnected events.
- Free will is an illusion, or irrelevant, or a profoundly limiting way to understand behavior
- It could be possible to “remember” the future, or events that never have/never will happen
- More advanced beings with more subtle perceptions would see time differently, in the same way we have much subtler perception of light than dinoflagelates
- What are effects on the moral dimension of cause and effect?
- “Consciousness” is a meta perception: I perceive that I am perceiving time
People returning from LSD trances, out of body states, near death experiences etc. often report they lose sensation of time and self. Such experiences defy language and rational expression.
This is surely not a new strand of thought. Look into this.


Here’s a quick video I made over my lunch break yesterday that shows how I use Google Maps to figure out where my bees might be flying.
So here’s how I use Google Maps to calculate the approximate forage area of my bees (if you didn’t watch the video):
1) Open up Google Maps.
2) Enter address into Google Maps, or manually find beeyard location on map.
3) Right-click the location of beeyard and select the “Measure distance” option. This will produce a starting point, the location of the beeyard.
4) Click another location on the map. Google Maps will display the distance between those two points. Then grab the second point (regular mouse click and hold) and move it in a circle around the first point while maintaining (for example) a 1km radius. And there you have it, the approxmiate forage area of the bees.
To calculate the forage area of a particular field of flowers (for example), do the same thing beginning with the ole right-click, but instead of making only two points on the map, make several points that eventually connect to the original point. Google Maps will display the exact area of whatever shape was created on the map. Pretty neat, eh?
These instructions are for PC desktops. Mac users can do whatever Mac mice do.
March 18th, 2022: Here’s an online map similar to Google Maps that produces circles of any size to calculate the area, and the circles are easy to move around. The satellite view is a bit twitchy. It’s not as elegant as Google Maps and I wish the satellite view worked better, but it does the job.
Apparently circles can be made on Google Earth Pro and Google Maps, but I wouldn’t call it a straightforward process, so I can’t recommend it. I also posted a follow-up video on Facebook that goes into all this:
Thanks! And how convenient that you did my neighbourhood as well! Can I share this as well?
Yup, go ahead. I used this to calculate how far your bees are from mine. I would say my queen last summer probably mated with your drones.


Overexposure to the sun has been linked to everything from premature aging to skin cancer. Therefore, medical experts have long advised us to use sunscreen whenever we go outdoors for any extended period of time. But what kind of sunscreen is the best to use?
Sun Protection Factor
The most basic and important determinate of what constitutes an effective sunscreen is what is known as the “sun protection factor” or, as it is usually called, the SPF rating. The higher the SPF rating, the greater the protection. However, there is some debate about how much of a difference in protection the SPF makes past a certain point. Some have argued that the difference between the highest SPF ratings and the lowest SPF ratings are simply not that significant.
Degrees of Protection
The SPF rating reflects the extent to which the sunscreen can block ultraviolet rays that cause sunburn. It has less effect on other forms of ultraviolet rays that cause deeper, long-term damage. For that reason, even when wearing sunscreen you need to be cautious about how much sun exposure you are getting. Also, the protection from ultraviolet rays is not dramatically different based on the SPF rating, with an SPF-15 product blocking 94% of the ultraviolet rays and a SPF-45 product blocking 98%. So the difference in protection is not enormous between the lowest and highest SPF rated products.
Unfortunately, no sunscreen gives you 100% protection. The good news is that almost any sunscreen, even those with the lowest SPF ratings, provide over 90% protection. The real key to being safe in the sun is to keep applying sunscreen throughout the time you are outdoors. If you are going swimming, be sure to reapply sunscreen every time you come out of the water. If you are not swimming, then you should apply new sunscreen at least every two hours. It is the frequency with which you apply sunscreen, more than the SPF rating, that makes the real difference in how effective your sunscreen is.
Some health experts insist that high SPF rated products are still worth buying because the small increase in protection they supply does make a cumulative difference over time. But whatever sunscreen you choose, just be certain to apply it often enough to make sure you stay safe. Use commonsense whenever you’re out in the sun and you should be fine.


You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
For many people shopping unwanted things is just a form of entertainment. Discuss both positive and negative points of this habit and give your opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience.
You should write at least 250 words.
It is observed that people spend their leisure time performing one or other activity. However, some individuals enjoy shopping in their free time. Some people consider purchasing items for enjoyment has positive outcomes while others refute this claim. Both these views will be critiqued before reaching a reasoned conclusion.
On the one hand, there are a group of people who consider shopping has benefits. The primary reason for believing this is the fact that with the increase in the consumers in the market, there will be growth in the job opportunities. In other words, the problem of unemployment will be ceased to a greater extent. This will not only help job seekers to fulfil their and family’s day to day needs but also decrease the crime rate within the country.
On the other hand, some people believe that shopping for sake of amusement has many negative effects on society. People who have a tendency of buying things on daily basis just for fun end up buying many unwanted things, thereby, causing wastage of resources. In addition to this, people involved in shopping do not realise the importance of time in developing bonds with family members. This, it is obvious that considering shopping as entertainment not only results in wastage of assets but also wastage of precious time.
Therefore, it is hard to see how anyone can support the idea of shopping in ideal time following the analysing both points of views on this topic. It is felt that it would be best to minimise market time and consume the same for improving relations.
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In 1900, the Laboratory of Forest Hydrology and Erosion Control Engineering (SABO) was founded in the Imperial University of Tokyo (present the University of Tokyo), which was the first educational organization for studying and learning this field. I have considered the educational system of SABO in about 15years since around 1900, the process of discussion for founding the Laboratory of SABO, the process of choosing suitable foreign teachers and the educational conditions before Dr. Kitao MOROTO who was the first Japanese professor at the Laboratory of SABO. In Japan, we did not have an educational system for SABO before 1900, however, some experts in forestry science qualitatively commented that the functions of the forest were to protect sediment runoff and preserve water resources. Because at the end of the 19th century, many sediment disasters occurred, SABO law was enacted in 1897, and the educational system of SABO was established in the Forest Science Department, the Imperial University of Tokyo, through promotional activities of Prof. Shitaro Kawai and persons involved. As the first foreign instructor for teaching SABO, Karl Hefele was chosen and came to Tokyo in 1901. He did not have much knowledge about SABO, then he returned to Germany only two years later. After then Amerigo Hofmann became a teacher at the Laboratory of SABO and stayed in Tokyo for about five years. He left great achievements of not only “Hofmann works" in Seto City but also many documents including those published in Austria and in Italy after coming back to Europe. Dr. Kitao Moroto supported Hofmann's performances in Japan as an associate professor. In this paper the condition of the education on SABO is described in the incipient period of modern SABO on the basis of the literature and field investigations. This paper will contribute to the future exchange between Japan and European countries in the field of SABO based on these historical relationships.
Key wordsFlaboratory of forest hydrology and erosion control engineering, education on SABO, foreign teacher, Karl Hefele, Amerigo Hofmann, Kitaro Moroto