A feeding frenzy for archaeologists in downtown Charlottesville
Jack Jouet has been called the Paul Revere of the South. In 1781 he rode more than 40 miles to warn members of the legislature and the retiring governor, Thomas Jefferson, that British troops were planning to arrest them. The Virginians had already fled from Richmond to Charlottesville, where Jouet’s father ran a tavern called The Swan.
“Daniel Boone was part of this group, Patrick Henry, certainly Thomas Jefferson, so it was kind of a revolutionary who’s who,” says Jeff Werner, the city’s historic preservation officer.
“Remember the city was established in the 1760’s, so what’s being uncovered at that site. I’ve been referring to it as Charlottesville Day One.”
He’s been watching as a team of archaeologists began searching land near the old Swan Tavern site – looking for human remains. According to local legend, John Jouet was buried there. They did not find his grave, but Werner says they confirmed another bit of oral history.
“In 1808 or 1810 the barkeeper was murdered and thrown into the well. They found that well.”
And about ten thousand pieces of history from buildings and trash heaps on the site.
“The little orange flags people see when they go by, there’s 350 of them or more, and those represent something that has to be looked at,” Werner explains.
In addition to three paid experts, archaeologists from Monticello and a number of volunteers joined the hunt.
“Even when they hit the end of their contractual agreement with the county, the archaeologists felt this was such an important site that they actually continued working for several weeks voluntarily.”
They have now finished their work – leaving with 30 five-gallon buckets of artifacts, and Werner is seeking funds to study them and produce an in-depth report.


Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century
Decades: 1710s 1720s 1730s 1740s 1750s - 1760s - 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s
Years: 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 - 1768 - 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773
- January 9 - Philip Astley stages the first modern circus (London).
- May 10 - John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for the North Briton severely criticizing King George III. This action provokes rioting in London.
- Secretary of State for colonies appointed in Britain
- Massachusetts Assembly dissolved for refusing to assist collection of taxes.
- Bostin citizens refuse to quarter Brittish troops.
- France buys Corsica from Genoa
- Gurkhas conquer Nepal
- First of the weekly numbers of the Encyclopaedia Brittanica are published; 100 are planned.
- January 7 - Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples and Spain (+ 1844)
- January 28 - King Frederick VI of Denmark
- February 12 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (+ 1835)
- March 4 - August Friedrich Wilhelm Holtzhausen, engineer (+ 1827).
- March 21 - Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, French mathematician and physicist
- May 17 - Caroline of Brunswick, Queen-Consort of King George IV of the United Kingdom
- May 20 - Dolley Madison, First Lady of the United States (+ 1849)
- June 9 - Samuel Slater, US industrialist
- November 21 - Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologian
- Charlotte Corday - Assainated Jean-Paul Marat
- Zacharias Werner, German religous poet
- October 31 - Francesco Maria Veracini, composer
- China - Qianlong Emperor of China, Qing Dynasty (reigned from October 18, 1735 to February 9, 1796)
- Prussia - Frederick II King of Prussia (reigned from 1740 to 1786)
- Sweden - Adolf Frederick of Sweden King of Sweden (reigned from 1751 to 1771)


People have been telling stories since the dawn of man. Storytelling provides fodder for powerful imaginations to create detailed and beautiful imagery. One of the ways we can learn more about different cultures is by studying the stories that they tell.
Folklore and myth are the earliest examples of cultural stories, and often they involve exciting heroes and mysterious creatures. Mythical creatures are so intriguing that we see them pop up in stories both old and new, time and time again. These patterns are signs that people everywhere are captivated by these creatures.
What are these mythical creatures like? What are their powers, their weaknesses, and their motivations? What do these traits indicate about the culture that created them? All of these things are interesting to think about, and inspires within millions around the world a desire to connect with that culture.
The infographic below offers a great anthology of mythical creatures from a variety of places around the world such as Europe, East Asia, West Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Fifty of these mythical cultural “ambassadors” are gathered here, with brief descriptions and their country of origin, to tell their stories and inspire you to learn more about the lands they represent.
Everyone is familiar with Dragons, Banshees, and Unicorns. Most people know about the Sphinx, Phoenix, and Medusa. But have you ever heard of Vodnik, Gumiho, or Bahamut? Study the infographic to discover who they are!


Early Years Foundation Stage
“Every child deserves the best possible start in life and support to fulfil their potential…experiences between birth and five has a major impact on their future life chances. A secure, safe and happy childhood is important in its own right. Good parenting and high quality learning together provide the foundation children need to make the most of their abilities and talents as they grow up”
Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage”, Department for Children, Schools and Families, (2017)
At Smithdown, we ensure the best possible start for children by:
Inspiring children through an imaginative and immersive curriculum, ensuring that the children are happy and enthusiastic to learn, that we foster and nurture the children’s imagination and curiosity
Providing a happy, safe, stimulating and challenging programme of learning and development for the children to experience as they begin their journey through school.
Providing a broad, balanced, relevant and creative curriculum that will set in place firm foundations for further learning and development in Key Stage 1 and beyond and enable choice and decision making, fostering independence and self-confidence.
Using and valuing what each child can do, assessing their individual needs and helping each child to progress.
Developing excellent relationships with parents and carers to build a strong partnership in supporting their children.
Providing a caring and inclusive learning environment which is sensitive to the requirements of the individual child including those who have additional needs.
Please click on the links below for further details of our EYFS curriculum.
SUPPORTING YOUR CHILD
Please attend all our parent/carer session or speak to staff members for advice helping your child. Below are some websites you might find useful.
EYFS Curriculum – EYFS Development Matters
A guide to your child’s learning and development in the EYFS – What to Expect When?
Videos and resources to support Phonics – RWI Phonics Guidance
Fun, educational games for children to play – Cbeebies
Free eBooks for children to read online – Oxford Owl
Simple, fun maths activities – Maths Activities


Child Life Profession
A child or teen’s experiences with health care and illness, either their own or a family member’s, can lead to feelings of fear, confusion, loss of control, and isolation that can in turn negatively impact their physical and emotional health. Child life specialists are professionals trained to help children and their families understand and manage challenging life events and stressful health care experiences. By using play, recreation, education, self-expression and theories of child development, these specialists help promote the psychological well-being and optimum development of children and families faced with stressful situations. Child life specialists traditionally work in pediatric medical environments and in community settings like Wonders & Worries, where they can give children and teens going through a challenging time the tools to cope with that stress.
Certified child life specialists have earned a Bachelor’s and/or Master’s degree with an educational background that includes human growth and development, education, psychology, and counseling. Prior to certification they are required to complete an internship program and a rigorous application and examination process. Using child-friendly and developmentally appropriate language, child life specialists help children understand illness and treatment. They can also teach children and teens coping strategies to reduce anxiety. At Wonders & Worries all services are provided by certified child life specialists, or by trained professionals who are supervised by certified child life specialists.
To learn more about child life services, visit the Child Life Council website. The Child Life Council is a nonprofit organization that promotes effective, quality child life services and ensures a standard of quality and performance among those who have earned the Certified Child Life Specialist designation.


Abstract: Child labor refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. Child labor started around the industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution, Children had always worked, especially in farming. But factory work was hard. A child with a factory job might work 12 to 18 hours a day, six days a week, to earn a dollar. Many children began working before the age of 7, tending machines in spinning mills or hauling heavy loads. The factories were often damp, dark, and dirty. Some children worked underground, in coal mines. The working children had no time to play or go to school, and little time to rest.
Introduction …show more content…
It started in America around the same time as the Industrial Revolution, which was around the 1800’s. The children, who had to do labor, got little to no education, so therefore couldn’t get descent jobs as an adult. Most of the jobs that children got, such as mines and factories, included being in dangerous situations, where with factories they were around dangerous machinery and with mining jobs, they were around explosives. It also ruined their childhoods because the jobs, the children got mostly included long hours with low pay, and they couldn’t do want they wanted. Child labor is very close to slavery whereas most children were forced to do the work because their parents made


Table of Contents
Why should your child see an eye doctor?
At the time of birth a child’s vision is not fully developed. Major changes take place in the first few years of life. Significant eye problems in very young children are relatively uncommon (except for crossed eyes) but, when present, they must be treated very early in life. Otherwise, vision does not develop in the problem eye. The loss of sight in that eye is permanent and cannot be corrected with glasses (“lazy eye”).
When should your child's eyes be examined?
Between 3 and 6 months of age. A follow up exam by age 3 years is prudent. Pediatricians often do these early exams.
Examination by an eye doctor is advisable just before the child begins school and whenever you suspect there is a vision problem, particularly if the child is struggling with schoolwork.
How can you tell if your infant has an eye problem?
- Poor focus on objects after 3 months of age.
- Eyes are not straight.
- An eyelid droops.
- Eyes water with overflow tearing.
- There is a family history of serious eye problems.
What are the clues that your child may have a vision problem?
- The eye is red, with or without discharge.
- The child squints to read or see small objects.
- Excessive blinking.
- Complaints of blurred distance vision.
- Complaints of headaches.
- Complaints of double vision.


Embarked: 280 men
Voyage: 113 days
Surgeon's Journal: yes
Surgeon Superintendent Gilbert King
The Eden was built in London in 1826.
Surgeon Gilbert King
Gilbert King kept a Medical Journal from 3 August 1836 to 18 January 1837.
The Eden departed Deptford on 14 August 1836 and anchored off Woolwich shortly afterwards. The following day 180 convicts were received from shore and they sailed again the next morning for Portsmouth. It took five or six days to reach Portsmouth because of adverse winds.
On 22 August a further 100 convicts were received from the hulks in Portsmouth Harbour, 'middle aged and athletic men, many of them soldiers' according to the surgeon, completing the number of 280.
They attempted to sail on 30 August but could not do so until the following day because of adverse winds. These continued to be a problem until as far as the Isles of Scilly when part of the stem of the ship was carried away and they were forced to bear up for Plymouth Harbour where they remained until 3rd September 1836.
The convicts suffered from sea sickness on the voyage causing scurvy to appear shortly after crossing the equator. The surgeon treated the men by diet, keeping them on deck as much as possible and promoting cheerfulness with singing and dancing, however scurvy became so prevalent as to make it absolutely necessary to call at Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, for fresh provisions.
Cape of Good Hope
They arrived there on 16th November. The stay at the Cape was short but of great benefit to the convicts and they improved so much that Gilbert King agreed to take an extra 22 convicts from the Cape.
They arrived at Hobart Town on 21 December 1836 and landed at that port and at Sydney, 299 prisoners.
Free Passengers and Guard
Passengers arriving on the Eden included Captain West of 80th regiment, and Ensign Ewen of the 41st regiment. The Guard consisted of 30 rank and file of the 80th regiment.


Sargassum seaweed has several potential uses. Here are a few examples:
- Biofuel: Sargassum seaweed can be converted into biofuel through a process called pyrolysis, which involves heating the seaweed in the absence of oxygen. This process breaks down the seaweed into bio-oil, biochar, and gases that can be used as fuel.
- Composting: Sargassum seaweed can also be composted and used as a soil amendment. When added to soil, the seaweed can increase soil fertility, water retention, and microbial activity.
- Animal feed: Sargassum seaweed has been used as animal feed for livestock, poultry, and fish. It is a rich source of nutrients, including protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
- Food and beverage: Sargassum seaweed is edible and is used in some cuisines as a flavoring or ingredient in dishes such as soups, stews, and salads. It can also be used to make beverages such as tea.
- Cosmetics and personal care: Sargassum seaweed has been used in cosmetics and personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions. It is rich in antioxidants and has moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.
Overall, Sargassum seaweed has several potential uses, and ongoing research is exploring additional applications for this abundant and versatile natural resource.


With the prolific use of smartphones and other technology, accidents caused by distracted driving have increase precipitously over the past few years. Nearly half a million people are injured or killed by an accident caused by a distracted driver across the nation each year, and authorities are trying to educate the public on the dangers of driving while distracted. Here are some tips one can use to reduce the level of distraction he or she experiences behind the wheel.
Commit to safe driving
Probably the most important thing people can do to avoid distracted driving is making a commitment to always focus on the task at hand and not worry about checking texts, messages and social media while driving. Since driving requires a driver’s full attention, motorists should not try to multitask behind the wheel, which can include putting on makeup, eating, changing the radio station and more.
Keep the phone out of sight
Ostensibly, one of the biggest culprits regarding distracted driving is the use of smartphones and cellphones while operating a vehicle. Many people want to check their messages and texts or post to social media while also attempting to drive. The text can wait, and if not, the driver should pull over to read the message and respond. Drivers should always have their phones on silent mode and resist the temptation to use them while driving.
Plan the route ahead of time
GPS has helped millions of motorists find the best route to their destinations. Both smartphones and interior vehicle navigation systems has a GPS function. However, drivers should plan the route before even getting on the road, and should they need to adjust their route during the trip, they should pull over and re-map the route using GPS. Drivers should never attempt to update the GPS route while traveling at highway speeds.
These are but a few suggestions for avoiding distracted driving and reaching one’s destination safely. Unfortunately, a driver cannot control what other drivers do on the road. Should a motorist become involved in an injury-causing accident caused by a distracted driver, he or she can speak with an experienced personal injury attorney to gain a full understanding of his or her rights under the law for seeking compensation.


Signed in as:
Signed in as:
ABA is considered an evidence-based best practice treatment by the US Surgeon General and by the American Psychological Association. “Evidence based” means that ABA has passed scientific tests of its usefulness, quality, and effectiveness. ABA therapy includes many different techniques. We keep up to date on the latest news and studies relating to ABA therapies, medical news, and information and studies regarding children. Learn more below!
Jody Warshawsky's amazing write-up about what it's like to work with Ashleigh, and how ABA has helped her child.
Given the explosion in published psychological and educational interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past several years, this review highlights the latest trends for children with complex learning and developmental needs
Discuss some of the myths surrounding ABA, Explain basic principles of ABA, Clarify what parents should expect from ABA therapy, Describe how ABA can be used in the classroom
The better one is at analyzing behavior,
the more effective and successful one will be at addressing a wide range of behaviors and improving the lives of the people one works with.
Assistive technologies, such as gamification, software apps, computer-based training (Web), and robotics, provide a standardized method of implementing ABA techniques.
ABA procedures can be used to successfully treat behavior problems associated with autism spectrum disorders regardless of whether treatment is directed by behavior consultants in person or via remote video coaching.
Bridging Differences ABA
5170 Golden Foothill Parkway, El Dorado Hills, CA 95762
Copyright © 2019 Bridging Differences ABA - All Rights Reserved.


The whale named Tyonek was less than a month old when he became stranded in Alaska’s Cook Inlet last fall.
Now 5 months old, the calf has been cared for by the Alaska SeaLife Center in Seward, Alaska, until beginning his 4,000-mile (6,500-kilometer) journey to Texas on Thursday.
According to a statement Friday from Orlando-based SeaWorld, Tyonek is the first Cook Inlet beluga calf to be successfully rescued and rehabilitated. Tyonek will remain behind the scenes at the park’s zoological support area for several weeks as he acclimates to his new home.
Roughly 330 beluga whales live in Alaska’s Cook Inlet, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The population is listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
Tyonek’s mother likely abandoned him or died, experts from the Alaska SeaLife Center said.
The calf could not be released to the wild because he lacks the survival and social skills needed to thrive on his own, NOAA officials said in a statement last month.
NOAA’s fisheries service chose SeaWorld San Antonio for Tyonek’s new home because the Texas park was the “location best suited for Tyonek to thrive.”
SeaWorld San Antonio has nine beluga whales, including young male calves. NOAA officials said SeaWorld could accommodate Tyonek’s social and medical needs and contribute to scientific research that will help conservation efforts for wild belugas.


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Gwendolyn Bennett was born on this date in 1902. She was a Black poet, essayist, short-story writer, and artist.
Bennett, born in Giddings, Texas, the daughter of teachers, grew up on a Nevada Indian reservation in Washington, D.C., and Brooklyn, New York. She attended Columbia University and Pratt Institute, then studied art in Paris in 1925. She wrote articles and created covers for The Crisis and Opportunity magazines. Her close friendships with many fellow Harlem-based writers resulted in her becoming an Opportunity editor in 1926 and writing a popular literary news column.
Twice widowed, Bennett taught and lived away from New York for long periods. She was suspended from directing the Harlem Community Art Center in 1941 because of suspected Communist associations. Most of Bennett's published work, including two short stories, appeared from 1923 through 1928, and though it is often anthologized, her work has not been collected. Her ballads, odes, sonnets, and protest poetry are notable for their visual imagery; her best-known poem is the sensual “To a Dark Girl.” Gwendolyn Bennett, a vital figure in the Harlem Renaissance, died May 30, 1981, in Reading, Pennsylvania.
Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia
Volumes 1 and 2, edited by Darlene Clark Hine
Copyright 1993, Carlson Publishing Inc., Brooklyn, New York


Current knowledge on the effects of nut consumption on human health has rapidly increased in recent years and it now appears that nuts may play a role in the prevention of chronic age-related diseases. Frequent nut consumption has been associated with better metabolic status, decreased body weight as well as lower body weight gain over time and thus reduce the risk of obesity. The effect of nuts on glucose metabolism, blood lipids, and blood pressure is still controversial. However, significant decreased cardiovascular risk has been reported in a number of observational and clinical intervention studies. Thus, findings from cohort studies show that increased nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality (especially that due to cardiovascular-related causes). Similarly, nut consumption has been also associated with reduced risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal, endometrial, and pancreatic neoplasms. Evidence regarding nut consumption and neurological or psychiatric disorders is scarce, but a number of studies suggest significant protective effects against depression, mild cognitive disorders and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms appear to include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, particularly related to their mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, as well as vitamin and polyphenol content). MUFA have been demonstrated to improve pancreatic beta-cell function and regulation of postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity. PUFA may act on the central nervous system protecting neuronal and cell-signaling function and maintenance. The fiber and mineral content of nuts may also confer health benefits. Nuts therefore show promise as useful adjuvants to prevent, delay or ameliorate a number of chronic conditions in older people. Their association with decreased mortality suggests a potential in reducing disease burden, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cognitive impairments.
Keywords: Chronic diseases; Healthy diet; Metabolism; Nuts; Prevention.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


A dyke (or dike) is when later molten lava pushes up between older rock layers. This produces later vertical rock between older layers of rock.
Technically, it is any geologic body which cuts across: a) flat wall rock structures, such as bedding. b) massive rock formations, usually igneous in origin. Dykes can therefore be either pushed in between (intrusive) or laid down (sedimentary) in origin.
The most usual thing that happens is that later volcanic activity pushes lava through strata which were laid down earlier in a sedimentary fashion, or through earlier igneous rocks. On the Isle of Arran, for example, there are hundreds of igneous dykes giving rise to the term dyke swarm.
Alternatively, sedimentary rocks can be laid down in vertical gaps between strata. Or, after underwater earthquakes, gaps caused by the earthquake can be filled in with breccia, that is, broken rocks.
Dykes are a common, almost universal, feature of the older Palaeozoic rocks. Another type of intrusion is the sill, where later rock is formed between older layers, not through them. So dykes are vertical intrusions, and sills are horizontal intrusions. Many magmatic events produce both vertical and horizontal intrusions.
Dyke swarms can be seen on other planets.
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Ernst R.E; Grosfils E.B.; Mège D. 2001. Giant dike swarms: Earth, Venus, and Mars. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences'. 29: 489–534. Bibcode:2001AREPS..29..489E. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.1821. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.489.


the history of LED lighting
. Many people believe that LED (Light-emitting diode) lighting is a 21st century invention, in reality LED’s were created in 1927 and have been developing ever since. Many people have helped create the LED lights that we use today.
Below is a short summary of LED lights history.
1927- Russian inventor Oleg Lesev reports the creation of the first LED. Publishing theories on his findings.
1952- Professor Kurt Lechovec tests some of Losevs theories, he goes on to explain the first light-emitting diodes.
1958- Egon Loebner and Rubin Braunstein create the first green LED.
1962- Nick Holonyak develops a red LED- the first on the visible spectrum. The First LED is created.
1964- IBM starts to implement LED’s for the first time on a circuit board in an early computer.
1968- Hewlett Packard (HP) starts incorporating LED’s into its calculators.
1971- A blue LED is created by Edward Miller and Jacques Pankove.
1972- Electrical Engineer M. George Craford invents the first yellow LED.
1986- Herbert Maruska and Walden C. Rhines from Stafford University create a working blue LED using Magnesium. Setting all future standards.
1993- Physicists Isamu Akaski and Hiroshi Amano develop a high-quality Gallium Nitride for blue LEDS.
Through Akaski and Amanos developments, electrical engineer Shuji Nakamura creates the first high-brightness blue LED, which quickly leads to the development of white LEDs.
2002- White LEDs for residential use become commercially available for approximately £80-£100 per bulb.
2008- LED lights start to become popular in schools, offices and hospitals.
2019- LED lights are the main source of lighting, halogen and fluorescent bulbs are being phased out.
The development of LED lighting is amazing, it has gone from a small indicator life to now being one of the main ways people light their homes, offices, schools and hospitals.


There is virtually no way to prevent cataracts from happening to your dog. They are normally a result of hereditary factors that are unavoidable. There is no set amount of time in which cataracts can develop. It may take a long period of years or it may take only a few weeks. A few medical issues that may speed up cataracts is diabetes. This disease can result in an almost definite form of blindness in less than a year from its onslaught.
Does this mean that dog cataract surgery is necessary for every dog? In most instances dog cataract surgery is only for the dog’s overall quality of life. Not all dog’s become blind when they have a cataract. There are no life-extending or life-saving components to your pet having the surgery. The important thing is to have an animal ophthalmologist properly examine your canine to determine if dog cataract surgery is something that is necessary. If the dog is completely blind because of the cataract then the vet may recommend the surgery to simply make your pet’s life better with regained site.
The procedure of dog cataract surgery is the same as it is in that performed on humans. Veterinarian surgeons make a tiny incision in the dog’s eye, remove the lens with the cataract on it and replace it with an artificial lens. Tiny absorbable stitches are used to close up the incision. The type of lens that is needed is determined by the veterinarian ophthalmologist before performing the procedure.
During the dog cataract surgery, your pet is under general anesthesia. The procedure is extremely delicate and must be performed under a highly magnified surgical microscope. If necessary, both eyes may be operated on at the same time. The price of dog cataract surgery may seem a bit high to some, however, it is a very delicate procedure that takes specific types of equipment to complete successfully.


What are hearing aids?
Hearing aids are special medical devices worn in or behind the ear to amplify sounds and make hearing easier for those with hearing difficulties.
Hearing aids come in a wide range of styles, from invisible options to easy-to-handle sizes to suit all ages and lifestyles. The technology inside hearing aids today goes further than just hearing the sounds around you, some hearing aids can also direct stream voice calls from your Smartphone and function as wireless headphones for music listening.
If you think you need help with your hearing, your local NZAS Audiologist or Audiometrist will be happy to show you all the options and help you find the best option to suit your needs.
Do I need hearing aids?
Visit our Hearing Health Checklist or contact an NZAS Audiologist or Audiometrist for expert advice.
How do I get hearing aids?
Hearing aids need to be selected, fitted and tuned to each individual. Before being fitted with hearing aids, you will need to see an Audiologist or Audiometrist for a diagnostic hearing test. If hearing aids are suitable for you, a NZAS member can advise you of your options, explain the process, the costs involved and help you to access any funding that you may be eligible for.
How do I know which hearing aid is suitable for me?
There are several important considerations when choosing a hearing aid. Your NZAS Audiologist or Audiometrist will take you through a needs assessment process to help you make the right choice. Some of the things you should expect to discuss are your:
- Hearing loss
- Shape and condition of your ear canal
- Eyesight and dexterity
- Hearing aid style preference, including size, maintenance and battery options
- Lifestyle and listening needs
- Technology preferences i.e. smartphone, telephone
- Funding eligibility and budget
What’s the difference between hearing aids and cochlear implants?
Hearing aids are most effective at assisting mild, moderate or severe hearing loss.
Hearing aids although usually useful are typically not as effective as cochlear implants for assisting very severe or profound hearing losses. Your NZAS Audiologist or Audiometrist will help you understand the best option for your hearing needs.


Shawnee shô˝nē´ [key] or Shawanoshô´wənō [key], Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock (see Native American languages). Their earliest known home was in the present state of Ohio. In the mid-17th cent. part of the tribe was settled in W South Carolina and part in N Tennessee. These two bodies, divided by the Cherokee, migrated constantly, from South Carolina to S New York, then to W Pennsylvania and into Ohio, where they finally united in the mid-18th cent. They then numbered some 1,500. After their reunion in Ohio the warlike Shawnee participated in almost every war of the Old Northwest (see Northwest Territory). By the Treaty of Greenville (1795) they were obliged to give up their lands in Ohio and move to Indiana. About 1800 the Shawnee Prophet (Tenskwatawa) arose. He and his followers, cooperating with Tecumseh, established themselves in a village at the mouth of the Tippecanoe River in Indiana. It was this village that William Henry Harrison destroyed in the battle of Tippecanoe. The Shawnee were thereafter moved to Missouri, to Kansas, and finally to Oklahoma. Today they live on reservations in Oklahoma and Missouri. In 1990 there were over 6,600 Shawnee in the United States.
See H. Harvey, History of the Shawnee Indians, 1681–1854 (1855, repr. 1970).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: North American indigenous peoples


Lesson 1, Topic 1
Charters are tools used to explain the purpose of the team as well as its direction. The number of components in this document can vary, but the necessary components include:
The mission is similar to the vision statement. Missions are the purpose for the team, the core activity, and the desired objectives. We have already created SMART goals, which follow the mission. Finally, operating guidelines follow.
Operating Guidelines Include:
- Making decisions
- Code of conduct
- Roles and responsibilities
- Conflict resolution
After a charter is created, all team members should sign their agreement to abide by it.
|Estimated Time||8 minutes|
|Topic Objective||Review creating a charter.|
Discuss creating a charter.
|Materials Required||12: Operating Guidelines|
|Planning Checklist||You could bring a team charter as an example.|
|Recommended Activity||Complete the worksheet individually. Share your answers with all participants.|
|Stories to Share||Share any personal, relevant stories.|
|Delivery Tips||Encourage everyone to participate.|
|Review Questions||What are the components of a team charter?|


Attitudes of a Multiethnic Group of Immigrants towards Online Social Networking and Physical Activity
Results from Focus Group Discussions
Background and Purpose: Sedentary behavior contributes to the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Increasing physical activity is particularly important for new immigrants to the U.S., since the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease increases with acculturation to U.S. society. This study examined facilitators and barriers of using social media to provide information on physical activity, perceptions of the benefits of physical activity, and barriers to physical activity in low English proficiency immigrants in a New England city. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted to collect information from 25 adults in a New England city (Mean= 47.7+13.2 year, 68% female, 64% Asian). Results: Participants reported using social media to connect with family and friends, rather than to make new social connections. Barriers to social media use included access and privacy concerns. While the participants believed physical activity was necessary for health, they identified a number of barriers to exercise, including lack of access to exercise facilities, financial issues, and information on safe and effective ways to exercise. Conclusion: Using social media may be a convenient way to provide information about physical activity to low English proficiency immigrants, but researchers need to address the barriers to utilizing social media and engaging in physical activity.


DC-12 - Aerial photography image interpretation
- Use photo interpretation keys to interpret features on aerial photographs
- Calculate the nominal scale of a vertical aerial image
- Calculate heights and areas of objects and distances between objects shown in a vertical aerial image
- Produce a map of land use/land cover classes using a vertical aerial image
- Describe the elements of image interpretation
DC-25 - Changes in Geospatial Data Capture Over Time: Part 1, Technological Developments
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are fueled by geospatial data. This comprehensive article reviews the evolution of procedures and technologies used to create the data that fostered the explosion of GIS applications. It discusses the need to geographically reference different types of information to establish an integrated computing environment that can address a wide range of questions. This includes the conversion of existing maps and aerial photos into georeferenced digital data. It covers the advancements in manual digitizing procedures and direct digital data capture. This includes the evolution of software tools used to build accurate data bases. It also discusses the role of satellite based multispectral scanners for Earth observation and how LiDAR has changed the way that we measure and represent the terrain and structures. Other sections deal with building GIS data directly from street addresses and the construction of parcels to support land record systems. It highlights the way Global Positioning Systems (GPS) technology coupled with wireless networks and cloud-based applications have spatially empowered millions of users. This combination of technology has dramatically affected the way individuals search and navigate in their daily lives while enabling citizen scientists to be active participants in the capture of spatial data. For further information on changes to data capture, see Part 2: Implications and Case Studies.


|This pseudoscorpion was found in Glenwood Cavern|
A new species of pseudoscorpion, discovered in Glenwood Caverns, was named after Steinmann in Subterranean Biology's yearly journal, published in December.
"It's fun and an honor to be recognized," Steinmann said in an interview. "I just hope it contributes to people understanding that caves are sensitive."
Cryptograegris steinmanni - just one of several species Steinmann discovered in the cave - were first spotted in 2000 by a tour guide at Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park.
Steve Beckley, owner of Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park, said this is not the first species discovered in Glenwood Caverns. About 50 species have been discovered and named since the park opened in 1990.
Steinmann said it took 10 years of rigorous genetic tests in New York and Australia to verify the species was an unprecedented discovery. Specimens of the species now reside at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, which funded Steinmann's research.
Pseudoscorpions resemble true scorpions but are smaller, usually about half an inch. Also, pseudoscorpions do not have a stinger on their tail — instead they have poison in the tips of their claws.
There are more than 3,000 species of pseudoscorpions, Steinmann said.
Steinmann spent the last 12 years collecting research and turning over rocks in Colorado's caves. In addition to the Glenwood Caverns, Steinmann frequents caves in Eagle County, Steamboat Springs and Colorado Springs.
During that time Steinmann said he has discovered about 100 new species — 20 of those in Glenwood Caverns. Those discoveries include new species of millipedes, beetles and pseudoscorpions.
Steinmann has not found the new species in any other cave systems, and there could be as few as 100 of the arachnids living in Glenwood Caverns.
The species lives entirely in darkness and is at the top of the cave's food chain, eating smaller cave insects such as beetles.
The new-pseudoscorpion study appeared in December 2010 in the journal Subterranean Biology.
Source: Denver Post & National Geographic


Association for Environmental & Outdoor education
Our mission is to advance the impact of environmental and outdoor education in California
Click here to access California's eeGuidance for Reopening Schools.
Click here to access California's eeGuidance for Creating Outdoor Classrooms.
Check out these Resources, Tips, and Support, compiled by NAAEE.
This website offers resources created through the National COVID-19 Outdoor Learning Initiative. See sections on Outdoor Classroom Infrastructure, Case Studies, Integrating School Programs, and more.
Safe Return to Play Guide from Playworks offers a number of outdoor games, listed by their relative risk. Risk categories are assigned relative to other ways of participating in that game or activity, based on the public health and scientific understandings of COVID-19 and how it can be transmitted as of July 2020. Activities are segmented into three types of risk posed both to participants and others.
Five Guiding Principles
Center for Green Schools & UndauntedK12 offer resources for how to advocate for the use of federal COVID relief funds to advance healthy and green schools:
eeGuidance for ESSER
The North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE) and state affiliates such as AEOE offer guidance and resources for using federal funds to advance outdoor and environmental learning.
Build Back Better Recovery Funding


A wooden box containing 5 of each consonant in red and 10 of each vowel in blue.
The purpose of this product is for the child to become familiar with the letters and their sound for future exercises in composing words.
- A large wooden box containing "cut out" letters. The vowels are in blue and the consonants in red. The letters are script or cursive.
- Box of sandpaper letters.
- Floor mat.
This is an individual presentation to be carried out on the floor on a floor mat. (Note: full work cycle to be observed)
- Exercise 1: The Directress shows the child how to set up the LMA. Place the base on top of the lid. Directress shows how to remove letters, any letters, and then replaced again in the correct compartment. Encourage the child to handle the letters.
- Exercise 2: Set up the LMA as above. Place the box of sandpaper letters just beneath the LMA on the right hand corner. Directress takes one sandpaper letter and asks. 'What sound is this ?" The child responds and then the Directress encourages the child to find the letter from the LMA that he just sounded. The child removes the letter from the LMA and places it on top or beside the sandpaper letter. Directress then keeps the letter from the LMA and sandpaper letter in their place and repeats with another alphabet. Note: Starts with easy words such as f, x and then moves on to more difficult ones such as p, d, q.
- Exercise 3: Directress suggests a three letter phonic word such as 'dog'. The Directress invites the child to repeat the word and says 'what sound can you hear in the word d-o-g?', very slowly and deliberately. Encourage the child to say what sound he can hear and find the letter. The Directress helps the child to position the letter on the mat. Invite the child to repeat the word and try to find the rest of the letters in that word. Let the child try building another word, if he wishes.
Control Of Error
Points Of Interest
- Get familiar with the letters and sound for future exercises.


A single tree generates enough electricity to provide the necessary energy for a three-room house. Excess energy produced can be sold back into the main grid.
The Energy Tree can supplied with battery storage to power your house at night and charge your electric car. Overnight off peak power can be stored in the battery system.
Commercial parking is an ideal application for the SolarBotanic Tree to harvest and store solar energy and charge EV, with a rapid charge option. A grid connection allows cheaper off peak power to be stored.
The robust construction of the Energy Treeís components allows it to stand against the most turbulent conditions.
SolarBotanic's first-generation solar 'energy tree' will be available in early 2023, and the company asserts that it will be affordable once itís mass produced.
I've been liking this idea since I read David Brin's description (which came before any real-world examples, as far as I know) in his 1990 novel Earth. Consider the Sunshade-Photocell Collector:
Then he saw the geek - a codger this time - leaning against one of the slender stalks of a sunshade-photocell collector, looking directly at the three of them.
I like the idea of electric vehicles sheltering under a solar tree that is recharging them, but I can't help but think you'll need a much bigger "tree". A typical Tesla needs about 50 kWh for a decent charge, so a more realistic image would be one car charging per tree, all day.
Scroll down for more stories in the same category. (Story submitted 9/7/2022)


At the start of my career, I was a self-confessed worksheet girl. I photocopied every morning and every afternoon, had folders for each day with all the worksheets I would need, complete with binders of resources that I’d collected from multiple teaching placements. I probably killed a few million trees…sorry trees.
Since I was introduced to iPads in the classroom, or for that matter any digital technology, my printing and photocopying has decreased.
But how do I teach maths now? What do I get my students to do instead of worksheets? If we don’t glue a worksheet in their book, or upload it onto a digital portfolio, how will parents know they’ve learned anything and how will we as teachers, assess them?
- teach them how to use the technology using simple instructions.
- focus on creation apps, rather than consumption apps – make the students think!
- give them time to explore (not ‘play’, explore) what the app can do.
To get you started, I’ve created 4 different task cards which can be used for whole class or small group work in maths. They are based around students creating and applying their knowledge, with a focus on sharing their work with their class and teacher, through taking screenshots, sharing on the big screen, or adding to a collaborative Google Slide. You can download them for free here.
One thought on “But HOW do I make iPads about learning, not games?”
Thanks for sharing Fiona. I love using iPads in my prep classroom and am always amazed with the things they are able to create.
I enjoyed reading about the apps you use for maths – some of them I have never used but have now downloaded them & am looking forward to using them soon. I’ve found number rack to be an interesting way for preps to show their understanding of number too. Screen shots are handy for them to save what they’ve been working on & then upload to their digital learning journals.
Thanks again for sharing your ideas 🙂


|written 4.6 years ago by||• modified 17 months ago|
|written 4.6 years ago by|
Companding is non – uniform Quantization. It is required to be implemented to improve the signal to Quantization noise ratio of weak signals.
The Quantization noise $= Nq=S^2/12.$
This shows that in the uniform Quantization once the step size is fixed, the Quantization noise power remains constant.
But the signal power is not constant. It is proportional to the square of signal amplitude. Hence signal power will be small for weak signals, but quantization noise power is constant.
Therefore the signal to Quantization noise rates for weak signals is very poor, this will affect the quality of the signal. The remedy is to use companding.
Companding = compressing + Expanding
Here, weak signals are amplified and strong signals attenuated before applying them to a uniform quantizer.
This process is called as “compression” and block provides it is called as a “Compressor “
At the receiver exactly opposite process is followed which is called expansion. The circuit used for providing expansion is called as an “expander”
The compression of signal at transmission and expansion at receiver is combined to be “companding”
- Analog Companding
- Digital Companding


CORALS AND CRABS: MARINE LIFE IN THE REEFS OF GOA
The small state of Goa, is endowed with a dazzling array of marine biodiversity along its coastline. These species span across the open waters off Goa’s coast, to the reefs of Grande Island, they inhabit coastal mangroves, and can even be found all along Goa’s popular seashores. This biological treasure is the backbone for fisheries - which have been a traditional occupation and a way of life in this region; it also supports the marine nature-based tourism industry, and thus significantly contributes to the state’s economy and to peoples’ livelihoods.
We live in an age of accelerated human impact on marine ecosystems everywhere. Goa is no exception to this case. Besides human-induced climate change, these marine ecosystems are also threatened at local levels by excess human use, including fishing pressure, unregulated tourism, and unplanned coastal development.
Just as significant as those threats, however, is the knowledge gap on marine biodiversity as a whole. Marine biodiversity in Goa has thus far not been adequately studied to inform good management practices. Most of the current knowledge on marine ecosystems is restricted to the region’s fishing communities and scientists.
The best way to bridge this knowledge gap, as with conservation everywhere, is to make the knowledge of biodiversity accessible to every citizen – be it a student or enthusiast, scientist or hobbyist, local resident or visitor. And in turn, conservation is helped immensely when citizens explore closer natural spaces, document what they see, and bring local biodiversity and its conservation into the public domain.
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Investing in Adolescents: High School Climate and Organizational Context Shape Student Development and Educational Attainment
New report from the University of Chicago Consortium on School Research shines light on what effective schools do well, demonstrating the value of taking a holistic approach to student development in high school and in transition from 8th to 9th grades. Effective schools cultivate an environment in which students and teachers have positive and productive interactions, students develop peer connections and have a sense of belonging, and students’ orientation toward hard work, effort, and engagement is nurtured. Compared to schools with a singular focus on test scores, schools promoting grown on all dimensions had a greater impact on short- and long-term…
Leveling Up: A Behavioral Nudge to Increase Enrollment in Advanced Courseworks
Megan Austin, Benjamin Backes, Dan Goldhaber, Dory Li, Francie Streich (2022). Leveling Up: A Behavioral Nudge to Increase Enrollment in Advanced Coursework. CALDER Working Paper No. 271-1022
In School, Engaged, On-track? The Effect of the Pandemic on Student Attendance, Course Grades, and Grade Retention in North Carolina
This study provides new evidence of the pandemic’s negative impact on student outcomes, highlighting its variable and disproportionate effects for historically marginalized groups, including Black and Hispanic students, EDS students, and ELL students. Results underscore the need for implementing tiered, targeted interventions to provide appropriate supports for students with different needs, as well as the imperative that administrators, policymakers, and researchers pay attention to the full distribution of student outcomes to ensure recovery reaches all students.


Rev Med Virol. 2020 Aug 11:e2143. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2143. Online ahead of print.
The health emergency caused by the recent Covid-19 pandemic highlights the need to identify effective treatments against the virus causing this disease (SARS-CoV-2). The first clinical trials have been testing repurposed drugs that show promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects in cultured cells. Although more than 2400 clinical trials are already under way, the actual number of tested compounds is still limited to approximately 20, alone or in combination. In addition, knowledge on their mode of action (MoA) is currently insufficient. Their first results reveal some inconsistencies and contradictory results and suggest that cohort size and quality of the control arm are two key issues for obtaining rigorous and conclusive results. Moreover, the observed discrepancies might also result from differences in the clinical inclusion criteria, including the possibility of early treatment that may be essential for therapy efficacy in patients with Covid-19. Importantly, efforts should also be made to test new compounds with a documented MoA against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials. Successful treatment will probably be based on multitherapies with antiviral compounds that target different steps of the virus life cycle. Moreover, a multidisciplinary approach that combines artificial intelligence, compound docking, and robust in vitro and in vivo assays will accelerate the development of new antiviral molecules. Finally, large retrospective studies on hospitalized patients are needed to evaluate the different treatments with robust statistical tools and to identify the best treatment for each Covid-19 stage. This review describes different candidate antiviral strategies for Covid-19, by focusing on their mechanism of action.
PMID:32779326 | DOI:10.1002/rmv.2143


The ability to capture and share data and learn from it has changed what we are able to do with technology drastically. Although our lives are changed with the new wealth of data, the way we interact with data has changed very little. Just like people a century ago, we are trying to make sense of everything through their 2D abstractions, whether it is writing, illustrations or excel sheets.
Today we have the technology to interact with any data in the right context and right space. We can make sense of really complex problems by modelling them in 3d. Our way of consuming information is changing to fit the information itself and becoming more intuitive and actionable.
At Microsoft, they have built products to enable people to interact with their data and environment through HoloLens and other mixed reality devices. They have also worked with a variety of partners and researchers, learned about their needs and the solutions they are building. Every problem is unique and solving it in 3D context is no easy task, although the end results are worth it.
In this talk, you will hear about the tools and SDKs that are available, limitations and strengths of 3D visualizations and the challenges of designing a mixed reality experience for HoloLens and other devices.
Join Aysegul to get a glimpse into the future of user interaction.


Physics handwritten notes of 11th & 12th class & more content related to Physics
Sample papers with MS & solution guide students to understand how questions should be attempted & it gives a good idea to make a strategy for board exam to solve question paper.
Try to solve these q-papers.It will help u a lot..
Dual Nature of matter & Radiation.
Physics Click 👇this link for all test n assignments https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1jOcWeUcFizDdAVWrhUWEKLaMa-w8Lrkq
Electrostatics Unit-1 notes Current electricity unit-2 Common link for All Chapters👇 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ORdQQzhdnyiF5kr504xGHMBWMkTpBeWa
Ch-7( 10+2) https://padlet.com/Phyhelper899/fpbdz6vss7yvbw6m (part-1) & (part 2) To Download pdf click on 👆this link
Physics, Ch -6


Social Security was created during Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s presidency in 1935. It was initially meant to provide a government-supervised pension for retired individuals unable to earn a living working any longer. Social Security is supported by contributions from workers in the form of payroll taxes which, later recovered in a series of monthly payments.
Almost all salaried and hourly employees in the United States are automatically enrolled in Social Security and are taxed according to their earnings levels from their paychecks. Their employers also finance a portion of their benefits in the form of payroll taxes.
All Social Security benefit programs in the United States are under the jurisdiction of the Social Security Administration, which is part of the Department of Health and Human Services, supervised by a cabinet-level secretary in the executive branch of the U.S. government.
The Social Security administration not only handles retirement benefits, but it is also responsible for benefits paid to dependents and Social Security disability or supplemental income.
Workers begin paying into Social Security when they are first employed. While various programs have varying eligibility requirements, there is no longer any age restriction for joining the Social Security program. Obtaining benefits requires an application before the national retirement age of 65. For most people, their Social Security retirement benefits become available automatically and require minimal paperwork to access. Any citizen with a social security number is eligible for one or more of these programs.
Like most federal programs, the Social Security Administration maintains numerous offices across the United States. Even if an applicant can’t access the proper paperwork online or at their local library or post office, they always have the option of visiting their nearest Social Security office and speaking with someone who likely has the most up-to-date information on whatever program is at issue.
For people who have the means, the Social Security Administration also maintains a comprehensive web site filled with resources and information covering a wide variety of questions individuals might have about their benefits and eligibility.
As always, the best place to start looking for information regarding Social Security benefits is the United States Social Security Administration. The primary web site has a directory of local offices. Another excellent resource for applicants is to contact your local bar association and obtain a referral to an attorney with experience in pursuing Social Security disability benefits. They are among the most knowledgeable people about the various programs available.


Waking up with tooth pain is a feeling like no other. The throbbing zings of pain can make it nearly impossible to think about anything else other than getting relief. Tooth pain can be an indicator of a serious problem and you should see your dentist in Alexandria for any toothache that doesn’t go away. But in the meantime, here’s some helpful information about different types of tooth pain and what each could mean.
Tooth sensitivity is often explained as a quick burst of pain when something hot or cold touches your teeth, such as a zing of pain with your sip of hot, delicious coffee, or a bolt of discomfort with a spoonful of your favorite ice cream. The feeling may be short-lived or it could linger around for minutes or longer.
Tooth sensitivity could be a sign of:
This type of tooth pain can either affect one tooth, several teeth, or can even be felt in your jaw. While this pain may not be constant and may seem to come and go, it’s still important to get it checked by your dentist in Alexandria to find out what’s causing the pain and the best way to relieve it once and for all.
A dull ache could be a sign of:
A more intense type of tooth pain described as sharp or even stabbing. The pain may not always be apparent but gets worse or is initially felt upon biting down or applying pressure. Like most toothaches, those accompanied by sharp pain require a dental visit before the problem has a chance to get worse.
Sharp pain could be a sign of:
This type of tooth pain is typically constant and can affect your everyday life. Some patients describe this pain as a constant thumping of pain. The pain can be localized to one tooth or area, or can spread to other parts of your mouth including your jaw or face. Since this pain can be so debilitating we recommend seeing your dentist in Alexandria as soon as possible.
Throbbing pain could be a sign of:
The information above isn’t meant to diagnose any toothaches but can be used to help determine what you should do. Most of the time, tooth pain that doesn’t go away for two or more days requires an appointment with your dentist.
Accepting new patients from Alexandria, Old Town, Del Ray, and nearby areas.


Iron tanto tsuba decorated with carvings, inlay and lacquer.
On the front of the tsuba there are two distinctive decorations. The one at the top is onigawara, a roof ornament depicting a head of the demon. They are most often seen on Buddhist temples. At the bottom there is a tile with tomoe. This are more often used to decorate Shinto shrines but we can also see them on Buddhist ones.
On the front there is also Paulownia Go-San Mon. In the past used by Toyotomi Clan and now by government of Japan.
On the back side of the tsuba there is a chrysanthemum, emblem of Japanese Imperial court.
At the bottom of the back side there are three Kanji letters. At this point I am not able to read all three of them. First one seems to be "天" (Heaven) and second one "王" (king). Those two Kanji are used to write "Four Heavenly Kings" who are Buddhist goods. However this phrase is written with 4 kanji not 3.
Other options are:
1. ten-jin-chi: heaven-man-earth
2. Tennoji: name of the temple in Tokyo or district in Osaka.
Size: 57 mm x 42 mm x 4-5 mm


Introducing computing and IT
The profound technological, economic, political and ethical changes brought about by computing and information technology (IT) will affect every one of us. In this course we talk about digital technologies in relation to computing and IT. A fundamental idea is that a digital technology is any technology based on representing data as sequences of numbers. Computers use digital technologies so, in this course, the term ‘digital world’ refers to the influence of computers, in a wide variety of forms, on the world.
In this course you will learn a little about the historical development of computers and their role in today’s society. You will then consider examples of digital technologies in the world around you and their influence on your life. Through a case study of online research into information on childhood vaccination, you will see how computer algorithms can shape our beliefs and actions. You will also be introduced to the field of digital forensics and learn how data are stored on and deleted from hard disk and solid-state drives.
This OpenLearn course is an adapted extract from the Open University courses TM111 Introduction to computing and information technology 1 [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. (Hide tip)] and TM112Introduction to computing and information technology 2.
Note: The word ‘data’ is plural (‘datum’ refers to an item of data), but is often used in the singular, e.g. ‘The data is ….’. You will find both uses in this course, depending on the context.


RangeIRR - script function
RangeIRR() returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows represented by the input values.
The internal rate of return is the interest rate received for an investment consisting of payments (negative values) and income (positive values) that occur at regular periods.
RangeIRR(value[, value][, Expression])
Return data type: numeric
- value: A single value or a range of values as returned by an inter record function with a third optional parameter. The function needs at least one positive and one negative value to be calculated.
- Expression: Optional expressions or fields containing the range of data to be measured.
Text values, NULL values and missing values are disregarded.
RangeIRR(-70000,12000,15000,18000,21000,26000) returns 0.0866.
Add the example script to your document and run it. Then add, at least, the fields listed in the results column to a sheet in your document to see the result.
recno() as RangeID,
RangeIRR(Field1,Field2,Field3) as RangeIRR;
LOAD * INLINE [
] (delimiter is '|');
The resulting table shows the returned values of RangeIRR for each of the records in the table:


Just 10 minutes of exercise and 10 minutes of mindfulness meditation can help children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with their mood, self-efficacy and attention.
This is according to a new study published in Frontiers in Psychology from Western education professor Barbara Fenesi and co-authors: Hannah Bigelow, doctorate student, and Marcus Gottlieb, student, both from Western’s Faculty of Education; Michelle Ogrodnik, doctorate student at McMaster University; and Jeffrey Graham, post-doctorate at Ontario Tech University’s Faculty of Health Sciences.
Fenesi said these findings allow teachers and parents to customize behavioural interventions to target a child’s specific needs.
“We want to identify behavioural approaches that could help manage ADHD symptoms for children and determine whether even a single, short bout of these behavioural approaches could be beneficial, rather than needing to engage in them for long periods of time,” Fenesi said.
Researchers worked with two community clinics in London, Ont., to recruit children for the study. The children completed three interventions over the course of three weeks: 10 minutes of exercise, 10 minutes of mindfulness meditation, and 10 minutes of silent reading. Before and after each intervention, researchers assessed their cognitive functioning and psycho-emotional well-being.
The researchers found mindfulness meditation helps inhibitory control, working memory and task-switching, while acute exercise helps children with their psycho-emotional well-being, such as developing a positive mood.
“Our study highlights how the mind and body are connected,” Fenesi said. “In order to activate children’s intellectual minds, their bodies and mindful awareness must be activated to create an environment that’s conducive to learning.”
At the same time, exercise and mindfulness meditation are non-pharmaceutical alternatives that support ADHD symptoms, especially inattention. In addition, Fenesi said most research has examined how chronic, long-term engagement of these behavioural interventions can help. There hasn’t been any research that compares the effectiveness of physical exercise and mindfulness meditation to one another – until now.
“We also wanted to compare these two behavioural approaches to see if one was superior to the other, or whether they each contributed differently to unique aspects of well-being,” she said.


It is amazing to see my children’s attention spans already lengthening after only a week of consistantly cutting back tv and increasing their book intake 🙂 They are begging for more books, and we are now taking daily (rather than weekly or bi-weekly) trips to the library. My daughter (2 1/2) likes to re-read her favorites, but my son (4 1/2) loves the adventure of a new book. He has started checking out non-fiction books about dinosaurs, boats, and airplanes, and now that’s his new favorite category. They are both back to reading books while we drive around town, which was a habit they had started to lose.
Not only can they pay attention longer, but their imaginative play is increasing by leaps and bounds. They seem to be making up for lost time! My kids didn’t even watch that much, and yet still we are seeing a dramatic improvement. May I also mention that they are much less frustrated and getting out a whole lot more energy. Something about reading for half an hour really calms them down. Watching TV for the same amount of time leaves them all revved up.
My quote for the day, as I reflect back on the amount of Dora and The Backyardigans my kids were watching , from The Read-Aloud Handbook:
The vocabulary of television is lower than nearly all forms of print, from comic books to children’s books and newspapers and magazines. A study of the scripts from eight programs favored by teenagers showed a sentence averaged only seven words (versus eighteen words in my local newspaper). Since TV is a picture medium, a fair comparison would be with children’s picture books:
- 72 percent of the TV scripts consisted of simple sentences or fragments/
- In Make Way for Ducklings by Robert McCloskey, only 33 percent of the text is simple sentences.
- In The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter, only 21 percent of the text is simple sentences. (p. 203-204)
Thus one can say even good children’s picture books contain language that is at least twice the complexity of television’s. Imagine how much more complex the novels are.
Its only a little past noon, and here’s what we’ve read so far:
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Phenotypic differences among species are known to have functional consequences that in turn allow species to use different habitats. However, the role of behaviour in this ecomorphological paradigm is not well defined. We investigated the relationship between morphology, ecology and escape behaviour among 25 species of the lizard clade Liolaemus in a phylogenetic framework. We demonstrate that the relationship between morphology and characteristics of habitat structure shows little or no association, consistent with a previous study on this group. However, a significant relationship was found between morphology and escape behaviour with the distance a lizard moved from a potential predator correlated with body width, axilla-groin length, and pelvis width. A significant relationship between escape behaviour and habitat structure occupation was found; lizards that occupied tree trunks and open ground ran longer distances from predators and were found greater distances from shelter. Behavioural strategies used by these lizards in open habitats appear to have made unnecessary the evolution of limb morphology that has occurred in other lizards from other clades that are found in open settings. Understanding differences in patterns of ecomorphological relationships among clades is an important component for studying adaptive diversification.
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||Journal of Evolutionary Biology|
|State||Published - Mar 2004|
- Independent contrasts


There are words like bark and bark. A dog can bark and a tree has bark on its trunk.
We can hold a soup can but we can jump and skip.
A fair can be a place to see enjoy rides. We should be fair in how we treat each other.
The first step in helping our early learners pay attention to these confusing words is to heighten our own awareness about them. Sometimes these are so ingrained in our everyday speech that we forget these can be puzzling for children - and as mentioned this is something that needs explicit teaching for English learners.
After we identify those words that can bewilder children, we can discuss these words as they are encountered in speech and books. We should point out these words and have children act out the differences. These little skits can be a source of laughter, which makes the word differences easily remembered for children.
You can also show pictures depicting the differences and have children "teach" one another about these differences. When we are responsible for explaining something, the learning is active and memorable.
Of course, a final step is to have children draw their own pictures. Give each child a large piece of paper, divide it in half, and ask children to draw the two meanings. You can print out the words (like can) and children can glue them to their art. This means families can learn along with children!
NAEYC - 2.B.01 & 2.D.04
Head Start - VI.A. & IX.A.
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The Great Barrier Reef, one of the world’s most iconic natural wonders, is suffering devastating damage from climate change. The reef, which stretches for over 2,300 kilometers along the northeast coast of Australia, is home to an incredible array of marine life, including over 1,500 species of fish, 400 species of coral, and more than 30 species of whales and dolphins.
Unfortunately, the reef is facing an unprecedented threat from climate change. Rising ocean temperatures are causing coral bleaching, a process in which the coral loses its vibrant colors and becomes more susceptible to disease. This bleaching has already caused significant damage to the reef, with some areas losing up to 90% of their coral cover.
In addition to coral bleaching, the reef is also being affected by ocean acidification. As the ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, its pH levels drop, making it more acidic. This acidity can damage the reef’s delicate coral structures, making them more vulnerable to disease and death.
The effects of climate change on the Great Barrier Reef are far-reaching and devastating. Not only does it threaten the reef’s incredible biodiversity, but it also has a major impact on the local economy. The reef is a major tourist destination, and its decline could have a significant impact on the region’s tourism industry.
The good news is that there are steps that can be taken to help protect the reef. Reducing carbon emissions is essential to slowing the effects of climate change, and governments around the world are taking steps to do just that. In addition, local communities are working to reduce pollution and protect the reef from other threats, such as overfishing and coastal development.
The Great Barrier Reef is an incredible natural wonder, and it’s essential that we take steps to protect it from the devastating effects of climate change. With the right actions, we can ensure that this incredible ecosystem remains healthy and vibrant for generations to come.


Products and Services
In response to the global Covid19 pandemic we are developing next stage technology in testing and diagnosis of pathogens as simple kits for home use or point of care (PoC) for a range of human diseases including covid19.
Regenacellx trunk technology are specific adult stem cells and reprogrammed cells to study and treat human disease.
Our projects, in collaboration with expert clinicians and scientists in the field, are:
- NEURAL REGENERATION: Regenerating damaged nerves such as spinal cord injuries or neural diseases.
- EYE REGENERATION: A bioengineered ocular surface patch with reprogrammed limbal stem cells for personalized therapy to regenerate the cornea.
- LUNGRENERATION: Heal fibrotic lungs with transplanted reprogrammed lung stem cells.
Discovering the underlying biotechnology tools within the nature of our planet.
- Cell reprogramming is a phenomenal process that enables the conversion of a normal skin cell into a pluripotent cell that can make any cell of the human body. Imagine the possibilities to treat human injury and disease!
- Also, every tissue of the human body has adult stem cells. Blood is a good example and bone marrow stem cells hold great potential for regenerating damage to human tissues.
- Naturally occurring small chemicals may have the ability to switch on or off molecular pathways in cells that can help the regenerative process to heal the human body.
By discovering and studying these, we can harness and re-engineer their potential towards specific biotechnology applications in our world.
Want to learn more?
Get in touch, we embrace people who can help in making our vision a reality!


Comparison of AC and DC conductivity standards
This project is closely related to the EC project ‘Conductivity’ which started in October 2000. The comparison can now proceed during the lifetime of the EC project. A protocol is now being prepared and a support group has been formed of UME (Levent Sozen) and PTB (Peter Warnecke).
It is possible that commercial instrument manufacturers (Foerster, DE and Hocking, GB) would wish to participate.
Final Report 2009-07-02
The comparison has been finised and results are available in the KCDB.
The electrical conductivity of non-ferrous metals with conductivities in the range 2.2 to 35.8 MS/m were provided by NPL in the form of bars (600 mm by 80 mm by 10 mm) and square blocks (80 mm side by 10 mm) and measured using an AC method at NPL and a DC method at PTB and VSL. The purpose of the comparison was to establish if there is a difference in the electrical conductivity measured for AC and DC conditions. Conductivity standards are used by industries involved with Non Destructive Testing (NDT) and Evaluation (NDE) to calibrate the instruments used. These instruments operate at frequencies of at least 60 kHz and it was therefore necessary to establish agreement between AC and DC methods.
For all cases the uncertainty for AC conductivity measurements is considerably larger than that for DC measurements due to the increased complexity of the unique NPL bridge method. For DC measurements on blocks the PTB and VSL values agreed within the measurement uncertainties provided. A small difference between the values for a bar made from Nordic gold was removed when the CMC uncertainty for PTB was used. A better agreement between the DC measurement for blocks is believed to be due to a reduced sensitivity to material homogeneity as well as fewer dimensional measurements for the Van der Pauw technique used. A significant difference between the measured AC and DC conductivities for the titanium bar was found. This is believed to be due to a variation in the properties of the material through the thickness. The AC method is surface sensitive and so such a change in properties will influence the value compared to DC methods that are a volume average.


There is only one water, the same since the dinosaurs roamed the Earth. Water is continuously recycled in the "water cycle" which is taught in elementary schools.
There is no "away" in "throw away". When we flush old medicine down the toilet, we contaminate our own local rivers which flow to the Gulf of Mexico. Would you want to drink this... after advanced treatment? Instead of if water can be treated, how much treatment is needed to make it "fit for purpose"?
brewing for conservation
Chicago One Water Beer and reuse beverages for conservation presented at
water innovation forums
WAter Reuse Policy
Technology exists for climate resilience but water policy is needed for implementation.
Green Alleys in 40th Ward
6458 N. Bosworth
1960 W. Farragut
1667 W. Hollywood
6125 N. Hoyne
5120 N. Wolcott
1627 W. Hollywood
4917 N. Mozart
N. Talman, N. Rockwell, W. Peterson, W. Thorndale
N. Winchester, N. Wolcott, W. Winona, W. Foster
W. Albion, W. Arthur, N. Clark, N. Ravenswood
2012 drought risk 4,000 jobs: "It sounds real noble to say we want to conserve water, [but] in reality it was, 'Don't shut the plant down.'" See ADM Decatur drought story
Governor's Task Force industrial water use recommendations:
1. Work with industries to identify adequate water supplies required to sustain existing and projected production levels
2. Work with industries to develop recommended water use restrictions when water supplies are inadequate to sustain existing production
3. Develop a mechanism to obtain expedient, long-term emergency regulatory relief for IEPA and IDNR restrictions upon demonstration of no adverse impacts.
Shedd Aquarium Great Lakes invasive inventory
Buy Asian Carp at Sorce Freshwater Company
Asian Carp recipes


▪ eye disorderalso called extraocular muscle palsyparalysis of the extraocular muscles (muscle) that control the movements of the eye (eye, human). Ophthalmoplegia usually involves the third (oculomotor), fourth (trochlear), or sixth (abducens) cranial nerves (cranial nerve). double vision is the characteristic symptom in all three cases. In oculomotor paralysis the muscles controlling the eye are affected in such a way that the eye drifts outward and slightly downward and has difficulty turning inward and upward. In addition, the upper eyelid of the affected eye usually droops, a condition called ptosis, and the pupil may be enlarged. If the pupil is abnormally large, the possibility of a cerebral aneurysm arises. This can be associated with pain. Trochlear paralysis, involving another muscle, the superior oblique, causes a vertical deviation of the affected eye. Abducens nerve paralysis affects still another ocular muscle, the lateral rectus, such that the affected eye turns inward toward the nose and cannot fully turn outward.Ophthalmoplegia can be caused by congenital abnormalities, trauma, complications of viral infections, or disorders that affect the nervous system, including multiple sclerosis, cerebral tumours (tumour), migraines (migraine), and vascular ( blood vessel) disease such as that associated with diabetes (diabetes mellitus). Ophthalmoplegia can also occur as a complication of muscle disorders such as myasthenia gravis, although it is usually associated with other muscular symptoms. Treatment of ophthalmoplegia is directed at correcting any underlying disorders, if possible. In many cases, isolated nerve palsies resolve on their own over time, and treatment consists of patching the affected eye to alleviate any transient double vision. eyeglasses fitted with prisms or surgical intervention may be helpful for people with long-standing ophthalmoplegia.
* * *


Citrus fruits are winter fruits. The sweetest and juiciest citrus fruits are produced in the winter, even though many citrus fruits are available year around in North America. We are ever mindful of the high concentration of immune boosting vitamin C found in citrus fruit. Eating oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, lemons, mandarins and others in season is a great way to flood our body with even more natural Vitamin C during the colder, chilly months. I love the fresh, energizing smell of citrus in food preparation.
I remember picking lemons from this tree in my Aunt Hazel’s yard in California and recognizing them as Meyer lemons because of the smooth skin and relatively small size.
There are greater health benefits in eating the whole fruit compared to drinking the juice. The rind and seeds of lemons, grapefruits and oranges contain limonoids. Limonoids are a subcategory of a broader class of phytochemical called terpenes. Briefly, phytochemicals are compounds in foods that can offer health benefits to help us live longer, look younger, and feel better. Phytochemicals are grouped on the basis of similarities of their protective function.
Citrus fruits contain numerous additional benefits including:
- Being a good source of soluble fiber – which can improve cholesterol levels
- Rich in vitamin, minerals and plant protein
- Help protect against certain types of cancer
- Can lower the risk of kidney stones
- Have been shown to boost brain function
- Can ward off cold and flu symptoms
- Can help to promote a healthy heart
Citrus can add a bite of sunshine to your winter day!


Epilepsy is a condition where epileptic seizures occur. Epileptic seizures happen because of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The seizures can range from brief ‘pauses’ to stiffening and/or jerking of the whole body.
People can develop epilepsy at any age but it develops most often in infancy/childhood and in the elderly. There are many causes of epilepsy.
The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has provided a standard definition of epilepsy.
There are a number of things you can do to stay well with epilepsy. Support from your friends, whānau, support agencies such as Epilepsy New Zealand, and health care providers can help.
Information for people taking medicines for epilepsy who could get pregnant
The brochure Medicines for epilepsy, mental health, and pain can harm your unborn baby (PDF, 240 KB) contains important information for people who could get pregnant who are:
- near childbearing age and sexually active
- thinking of getting pregnant or are pregnant
- taking medicines for epilepsy.
If you have any questions about this or your epilepsy medication you should discuss this with your health provider. It is important that you keep taking your medication and that you talk to you doctor about any changes that will be right for you.
Find out more from the Ministry
The Ministry of Health has established an Epilepsy Technical Advisory Group to lead the development of a national service improvement model for people with epilepsy. Find out more about the group, their work programme and papers.
Epilepsy New Zealand
Epilepsy New Zealand is a national organisation with 12 offices, supporting people with epilepsy. Epilepsy New Zealand has a wide range of activities, including educational programmes, information sheets and regional support groups
Epilepsy New Zealand can be contacted on 0800 37 45 37. If you are newly diagnosed with epilepsy, or if you want to know more about epilepsy, Epilepsy NZ can arrange an appointment for you with an Epilepsy Educator.
The Health Navigator NZ website helps you find reliable and trustworthy health information and self-help resources.
NZ Transport Agency
The NZ Transport Agency is responsible for licensing drivers in New Zealand.
Better Health Channel
The Victoria (Australia) state government provides online consumer-focused health and medical information for people with epilepsy from Victoria.
A website featuring video interviews with people on various health topics.


From the text ... 'This volume is intended to be used as a reference for both cultural resource specialists and fire managers during their planning processes. The intended audience includes resource and fire managers employed by public, tribal,...
Fire and Archaeology
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4
Person: Ryan, Jones, Koerner, Lee, Ryan, Koerner, Lee, Siefkin
Created Year: 2012
How agencies can achieve fire management objectives while protecting cultural resources: a look at the southwest
The rejuvenating effects of natural fires prior to 1900 in Southwestern forest communities have been replaced by recent, unprecedented crownfires. These wildfires have given rise to planned expansion of management fire as a tool for ecosystem...
Person: Bryan, Lissoway
Created Year: 1997
[no description entered]
Person: Fege, Corrigall
Created Year: 1990
Land managers are becoming increasingly aware that cultural resources are a fragile and nonrenewable part of the environment that must be protected. Legislation has been enacted at the Federal and State levels to protect these resources. There is...
Person: Lotan, Kilgore, Fischer, Mutch, Anderson
Created Year: 1985


Canberra is home to not one, but two Australian parliaments. For 61 years Australia had a provisional parliament, built to house 300 people. By the time the new, permanent, parliament was opened in 1988 there were 3,000 people working in the old building, which even with multiple extensions was short of space.The new Parliament is built into the hill above the old Parliament, perfectly aligned on the land axis running from Mount Ainslie to Red Hill. For a 4,700 room 80 acre complex it is surprisingly modest on the landscape, built into the hillside.
It is also surprisingly open, or at least compared to the British Parliament in Westminster or Canadian Parliament in Ottawa, feeling much more like a true public space, than a carefully guarded fortress, only accessible on tours.
The lobby is a forest of marble columns, leading into the Great Hall, home to the second largest tapestry in the world replicating a painting by famous Australian artist Arthur Boyd, found on the balcony.
There is a terrace area at the front of the building, home to a stature of Queen Elizabeth II, and some lovely views of the land axis through to Mount Ainslie.
The centre of the building is home to a sizeable atrium, above which is a monumentally large flag pole.
Off from the atrium are the House of Representatives (green like Westminster) and Senate (red, also like Westminster).
The old Parliament is now the Museum of Australian Democracy. It is packed with interesting exhibitions covering every aspect of democracy in Australia. Rather than Queen Elizabeth II there is a statue of King George V in the lobby area.
Off the lobby lie some familiar green and red rooms.
The Prime Minister’s office was a reasonably smart corner office, laid out so that the PM had their back to (non-bullet proof) windows.In front of the old Parliament is the Aboriginal Tent Embassy, a semi-permanent assemblage claiming to represent the political rights of Aboriginal Australians.
1 thought on “Australian Parliament(s)”


April is a wonderful month – spring is in the air, trees are showing their leaves, birds are chirping, and everyone feels more energized. It’s the perfect time of year for Jazz Appreciation Month (JAM). Created at the National Museum of American History, JAM encourages everyone to participate in jazz. You can celebrate by learning more about one of the jazz legends whose birthday falls in April: Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Johnny Dodds, Lionel Hampton, Charles Mingus, Gerry Mulligan, Shorty Rogers, Mongo Santamaria, Tito Puente, Freddie Hubbard, Randy Weston, or Herbie Hancock. How's that for an all-star lineup?!!
While it’s difficult to highlight jazz in just a few tracks, students can begin to explore jazz with the following selections, chosen by Bill McKemy, Director of Education and Public Programs at
the American Jazz
Museum. Located in the historic 18th & Vine Jazz District in Kansas City, Missouri, the American Jazz Museum brings to life “the great American art form of
Louis Armstrong (with his wife Lil Hardin Armstrong on piano)
"Heebie Jeebies": This recording is known as the first recorded example of “scat singing” a style of vocal improvisation with nonsense lyrics.
Mary Lou Williams
"Walkin’ and Swingin’": Mary Lou Williams was known as the first great female instrumentalist in jazz. She was also a very influential composer, arranger and mentor.
"Body & Soul": A classic recording by the first great tenor saxophonist in jazz.
"Move": A great example of the post-bebop “cool jazz” style.
Esperanza Spaulding with Gretchen Parlato


Quantification of root water uptake with stable isotopes and MRI
The objective of this project, which is conducted in the frame of the Helmholtz portfolio theme Sustainable Bioeconomy, is the quantification of water uptake of different crop species (wheat, maize) from different soil layers. Water uptake will be determined with real-time laser-based isotope analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be used for non-invasive visualization of the root distribution in the soil. For tracing the water fluxes in the soil–plant system, NMR (Gd complexes) and stable isotope (2H, 18O) tracers will be applied .
The work is divided into three phases:
- In the first phase, simultaneous laser isotope and MRI measurements are conducted with single plants.
- In the second phase, laser isotope measurements of transpiration and soil water will be conducted at the lysimeters scale.
- In the third phase, the obtained results shall be used for the further development of root water uptake and SVAT models (R-SWMS, SiSPAT).
Expected results are (i) the identification of adaptation strategies of the plants to heterogeneous water availability or water deficit in the soil, and (ii) the evaluation whether the isotopic signature of plant transpiration is a suitable indicator for plant stress.
Dr. Youri Rothfuss


Cognitive Benefits to Physical Activity
Executive function is the name given to the process where a person controls his cognitive processes and is a crucial component of your child’s development. It permits and manages the planning and carrying out of goal directed activities. Various components include goal setting, the use of strategies, self-monitoring, inhibition and self-control and the purposeful allocation of attention and memory.
In order to be successful in day to day activities your child must learn to suppress behaviors that lead to immediate rewards in order to obtain a more long term and desired reward. This is called delayed gratification and is an important part of development for every preschool and school aged child. For preschoolers distraction is the typical way gratification is delayed. For the older child inhibition and cognitive awareness are the primary techniques.
Studies have found children and teens involved in strenuous daily aerobic activities have improved scores in tests of creative thinking, planning, attention, simultaneous and successive processing. The planning benefits are indicative of executive function benefits. Neuroimaging studies using functional MRI have revealed an increase in neural activity in the prefrontal brain regions in pre-teens involved in intense aerobic activity. Other studies have shown a similar gain in working memory measures which is associated with success in reading and mathematics.
In some studies the benefits have been less visible and may be associated with the benefits of short bouts of physical activity. In most studies, however, children and teens who participate in rigorous daily physical activity scored higher in achievement testing or in academic grades received.
Although the reason for the potential benefits to academic performance and cognition have not been determined, these benefits when added to the known benefits of avoiding obesity and cardiovascular disease provide added reason for pursuing an active healthy lifestyle.


More Than 500 Acres of Redwood Forest Returned to Indigenous Tribes
February 3, 2022
In California, 523 acres of redwood forest have been returned to a group of Native American tribes whose ancestors were forcibly removed from the land generations ago, per a statement from Save the Redwoods League.
The league, a nonprofit that works to protect and restore redwood forests, purchased the property back in 2020 and donated it to the InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council, a consortium of ten federally recognized northern California tribal nations. In turn, the league was granted a conservation easement, which prohibits commercial timbering, fragmentation, development or public access, per the league's project overview.
The land, formerly named Andersonia West, will again be called Tc'ih-Léh-Dûñ, which means "Fish Run Place" in the Sinkyone language.


Background: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic illness responsible for disease outbreaks across West Africa. It is a zoonosis, with the primary reservoir species identified as the Natal multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis. The host is distributed across sub-Saharan Africa while the virus' range appears to be restricted to West Africa. The majority of infections result from interactions between the animal reservoir and human populations, although secondary transmission between humans can occur, particularly in hospital settings.
Methods: Using a species distribution model, the locations of confirmed human and animal infections with Lassa virus (LASV) were used to generate a probabilistic surface of zoonotic transmission potential across sub-Saharan Africa.
Results: Our results predict that 37.7 million people in 14 countries, across much of West Africa, live in areas where conditions are suitable for zoonotic transmission of LASV. Four of these countries, where at-risk populations are predicted, have yet to report any cases of Lassa fever.
Conclusions: These maps act as a spatial guide for future surveillance activities to better characterise the geographical distribution of the disease and understand the anthropological, virological and zoological interactions necessary for viral transmission. Combining this zoonotic niche map with detailed patient travel histories can aid differential diagnoses of febrile illnesses, enabling a more rapid response in providing care and reducing the risk of onward transmission.
Keywords: Boosted regression trees; LASV; Lassa fever; Mastomys natalensis; Species distribution models; Viral haemorrhagic fever.
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.


American Diabetes Alert Day, a day dedicated to raising awareness about the risk factors for diabetes and encouraging individuals to get tested. While a healthy lifestyle can help prevent or manage diabetes, it’s important to also consider the role of insurance in protecting oneself financially.
One of the main costs associated with diabetes is the cost of medical treatment. Diabetes can lead to a variety of health complications, including heart disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage. These complications can require ongoing medical treatment, including medications, doctor visits, and hospital stays. With the right health insurance coverage, individuals with diabetes can access the medical care they need without incurring significant out-of-pocket expenses.
In addition to medical treatment, diabetes can also impact an individual’s ability to work. If an individual with diabetes is unable to work due to health complications, they may be eligible for disability insurance. Disability insurance can provide financial protection by replacing a portion of an individual’s income in the event that they are unable to work due to a covered disability.
Finally, it’s important to consider the role of life insurance in protecting loved ones in the event of an unexpected tragedy. Diabetes can increase the risk of certain health complications, and having life insurance can provide important financial protection for loved ones in the event of an unexpected death.
In conclusion, American Diabetes Alert Day is a reminder of the importance of taking steps to prevent and manage diabetes. However, it’s also important to consider the role of insurance in protecting oneself and loved ones from the financial consequences of diabetes and related health complications. From health insurance to disability insurance to life insurance, there are a variety of insurance options available to provide important financial protection. By investing in the right insurance coverage, individuals can focus on their health and well-being, knowing that they are financially protected.


Time has hidden the traces of the original church built by St Giulio, that, legend has it, was on the highest rock. A simple chapel was constructed in the 5th-6th centuries where the basilica is now (orientated unusually to the north) but was replaced by the present church in the 12th century. The front is orientated towards the west and its Romanesque façade can be seen from the lake but this door is no longer in use –the west banks of the island are unapproachable when the tramontana wind from the north churns the lake to a maelstrom. The entrance is now from the southern door, up the steps from the landing stages.
A typical basilica layout, with nave, aisles and a gallery, the twelfth century basilica has been heavily re-managed during the centuries and over-adorned with gilded angels and baroque curlicues. There are some fine 14th-16th century frescoes and the unique carved Romanesque pulpit (or ambone), a work of the highest art. To the right of the present entrance is the sacristy. Under the first pillar as one enters is the marble sarcophagus of Mimulfo, now used to collect offerings. Below the altar is a crypt with a silver urn containing the supposed remains of St Giulio, silver-masked and finely clad in bishop’s robes. A doorway at the back of the crypt leads to a tiny museum where fragments of the earlier church are on view.
A full guide to the past and present of Isola San Giulio is: St Giulio's Isle, Gabriel's Guide, available from poetryonthelake AT yahoo.co.uk