Remember Forky from Toy Story? Remember the way a child saw existence inside a mundane bit of disposable utensils, making it a toy with the strength of their imagination and a creative toy? Consider Toyi like a toy-making package that encourages that imagination and creativeness.
Called an innovative Play Package, the Toyi isn’t like conventional play-sets. Rather, it arrives with some parts and modules that allow you to turn objects surrounding you into toys. You can turn an egg carton right into a plane, a water bottle right into a amusing character, or perhaps a slipper right into a renegade automobile. Toyi’s objective would be to enable kids to determine potential in objects around them, helping exercise their creativeness to check out their surroundings differently!
The Toyi Creative Play Package just enables kids to better transform mundane objects into toys. The package comprises some flexible connectors, legs, heads, eyes, and joints. It doesn’t have a rule-book since the Toyi doesn’t have confidence in imposing constraints on the child’s creativeness. All that you should do is imagine, explore, build, and play. Toyi’s cool design language helps kids (or perhaps adults, if you are up for this) build from figures to props, sets, and whole worlds for his or her toys to appear in. Furthermore, it will help kids see potential and purpose in objects that could eventually finish in the bin. Channeling the identical spirit that helped just one-use plastic fork become a lovely character inside a Pixar movie, Toyi exercises the imaginative a part of a child’s brain, helping them begin to see the world less objects that you employ and throw, but instead as objects that may be changed into toys which help kids play, learn, and also be!


February 22, 2023
In recognition of Heart Month, heart experts at Medical City Lewisville are spreading awareness about congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF is a type of heart disease where the heart works less efficiently and cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s demands. According to the American Heart Association heart failure affects over 6 million Americans.
This disease has many causes, some are preventable including drinking excessive alcohol, uncontrolled blood pressure and consuming excess salt. Awareness is an important tool to help prevent CHF.
“Prevention of congestive heart failure starts with self-education regarding diet and risk factors that are specific to oneself,” says Siva Sontineni, MD, a cardiologist on staff at Medical City Lewisville. “People should limit consumption of alcohol, eat a heart-healthy diet and control additional risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol.”
Symptoms of CHF include:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue and weakness
- Reduced ability to exercise
- Swelling of the legs, ankles and feet
- Persistent cough or wheezing
Anyone that experiences CHF symptoms should contact their physician immediately.
“Treatment for congestive heart failure includes evaluation with a cardiologist for ongoing follow-up care to incorporate the latest medical therapy along with adopting a heart-healthy diet as advised by your cardiologist,” says Moiz Shafiq, MD, medical director of cardiology at Medical City Lewisville. “Ignoring symptoms could lead to serious progression of the disease that may impact the capacity to be active in daily life or even lead to stroke or sudden cardiac death."
Medical City Lewisville offers comprehensive cardiac care. The full-service program provides emergency and scheduled heart procedures, including the latest techniques for heart surgery and cardiac imaging.


A New Curriculum from the Nuru Kenya Education Team
After months of hard work, the Education Team rolled out its new curriculum to begin the school year on January 6, 2014. George Nyamweya, our Training Manager, and Jolene McCall, Education Intern have been putting in a lot of effort for the last 6 months on new lessons for our students in Pre-Unit (Kindergarten) through Std. 7.
Our new lessons are based on the Common Core State Standards and learning progressions developed by Nuru partner Harvest Learning Group. We appreciate the time and effort Harvest put into helping us develop learning progressions and activities during 2013. It was a team effort and we could not have pulled it off without their assistance.
During the month of November, after the end of the 2013 school year, the Education team trained on the new curriculum, reviewing the new lessons, giving practice lessons, and developing materials. It was good to get everyone on the same page. The new curriculum has a large emphasis on literacy skills such as decoding, blending, and breaking down words into their components. Our team practiced teaching these skills in the context of the new lessons and were able to ask questions. In Kenya, many times, words are taught using the whole language method, where learning is based on memorization. However, when learners encounter new words they have never seen before, they often struggle to sound out or decode the words. Our new curriculum specifically addresses those issues and takes a phonetic approach to learning to read.
In the first few weeks of the school year, our facilitators have noticed some struggles in learners adapting to the new techniques, but also seen successes. The great thing about these lessons is that there is a repetition of concepts and each week builds on the previous week’s lesson. Learning to read is a process, and it will be exciting to see how the students in our schools progress throughout the year! Stay tuned…
About Jimmy Leak
Education Program Strategic Advisor — Dr. Jimmy Leak has designed and managed early grades literacy programs in East Africa. While completing his Ph.D. in Education and Policy and Social Context at the University of California, Irvine, he was named a 2011-2012 Public Impact Fellow for his research on teachers and early grades student achievement.Read More Stories of Hope


Australian researchers say they've come up with the first shark-proof wetsuits, reports the BBC. Divers and surfers might be a little disappointed to learn that the suits aren't made of some magical fiber that wards off sharp teeth—this is all about visual tricks. One has black and white stripes, on the theory that a shark would see that as a warning to stay away from possibly poisonous prey, explains the West Australian. The other suit is basically blue, and adorned in a way to make the wearer invisible in the water to the color-blind sharks. The first is for surfers and swimmers, the second for divers.
After a big spike in shark attacks in Australia, scientists from the University of Western Australia teamed up with designers from the commercial Shark Attack Mitigation Systems to create the $500 suits. They just went on sale this week, so it's too early to tell whether the designs work in the real world. A contributor at Slashdot sums it up this way: "Apparently Australians have come up with the brilliant idea: if you don't want to be eaten by a shark, it's best to not go swimming in shark-infested waters in a seal costume." (From the sharks' perspective, becoming the victim of an optical illusion is probably better than this fate.)


Sales and marketing always have had a close relationship, so close that many people have confused the two being the same.
- Marketing is a method of bringing customers to a business as well as making others aware of the business product and brand. A sale is selling the product the company offers. it can be achieved through phone, interaction as well as web page.
- Marketing sells the idea of product and services to everyone whereas sales sells the actual product one on one through personal interaction.
- Marketing generates interest but sales bring in money.
- Marketing does everything it can to reach and persuade prospective buyers while sales do everything it can to close the sale and get assigned an agreement/contract.
- Marketing responsibility is selling the idea while selling has a responsibility of selling the product and can be achieved through sales making.
- Selling is only a part of firm marketing activities and refers to personal communication of information to persuade a prospective buyer to buy something.
- Marketing refers to the process of planning, exchanging, the process ,concept/idea ,pricing ,promotion and distribution of goods and services and ideas to satisfy companies or individuals sales excludes all this.
- Marketing has led to the emergence of marketing concepts (philosophies that aim at satisfying customer needs) while selling has led to the emergence of selling concepts (a philosophy that encourage organizations to undertake a large scale selling promotion effect.
- Sales people usually sell to customers the products while the marketing meets the organization with customers. The major objectives of sales department are responsible for activities like promotion. Marketing ignores all this.
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Ivan Smirnov, the son of a peasant farmer, was born in Ryazan, Russia. The family moved to Moscow but his father soon died and his mother worked as a domestic servant.
After a brief formal education Smirnov found work in a local factory. In 1898 he was recruited into the Social Democratic Labour Party by students in Moscow. The following year he was arrested and deported to Siberia for five years.
Smirnov escaped in 1900 and went to work in a tannery in Tver. He took part in a strike in May, 1904, and this resulted in him being imprisoned. Soon after his release he was involved in the 1905 Revolution and once again he was arrested and deported to Irkutsk.
He returned to Moscow after his imprisonment but in 1909 he was arrested for distributing illegal propaganda. Deported to Narym he escaped in 1913 and settled in Kharkov. A few months later he was back in prison where he remained until being forced to join the Russian Army in 1916.
Once again he escaped and returned to Moscow where he help organize the strikes that led to the February Revolution. He also joined the Executive Committee of Soldiers Deputies.
During the Civil War Smirnov became a member of the Fifth Army. After the defeat of Alexander Kolchak he was made Chairman of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee. However, his support of Leon Trotsky resulted in him being ousted from power in 1922.
Smirnov was an active member of the Left Opposition and in 1927 was expelled from the Communist Party. In 1934 the new head of the NKVD, Genrikh Yagoda, arrested Smirnov, Lev Kamenev, Gregory Zinoviev, and thirteen others and accused them of being involved with Leon Trotsky in a plot to murder Joseph Stalin and other party leaders. He was found guilty and executed in 1936.


This guide, written by Irene Guijt for UNICEF, looks at the use of participatory approaches in impact evaluation.
Using participatory approaches means involving stakeholders, particularly those affected by intervention, in the evaluation process. This includes involvement in the design, data collection, analysis, reporting, and management of the study.
"By asking the question, ‘Who should be involved, why and how?’ for each step of an impact evaluation, an appropriate and context-specific participatory approach can be developed. Managers of UNICEF evaluations must recognize that being clear about the purpose of participatory approaches in an impact evaluation is an essential first step towards managing expectations and guiding implementation. Is the purpose to ensure that the voices of those whose lives should have been improved by the programme or policy are central to the findings? Is it to ensure a relevant evaluation focus? Is it to hear people’s own versions of change rather than obtain an external evaluator’s set of indicators? Is it to build ownership of the UNICEF programme? These, and other considerations, would lead to different forms of participation by different combinations of stakeholders in the impact evaluation."
- Participatory approaches: a brief description
- When is it appropriate to use this method?
- How to make the most of participatory approaches
- Ethical concerns
- Which other methods work well with this one?
- Participation in analysis and feedback of results
- Examples of good practices and challenges
Guijt, I. (2014). Participatory Approaches. Methodological Briefs: Impact Evaluation 5. UNICEF Office of Research, Florence. Retrieved from: http://devinfolive.info/impact_evaluation/img/downloads/Participatory_Approaches_ENG.pdf
This is part of a series
'Participatory approaches' is referenced in:
- Communication for Development (C4D) :


Werner Herzog's Cave Painting Documentary: Der Spiegel
Werner Herzog's new film "Cave of Forgotten Dreams" is a stunning 3D documentary about a cave in France that is home to the world's oldest known human art. Herzog has always had a fascination for extreme places. Whether it's the rainforests of 1972's "Aguirre, the Wrath of God" and 1982's "Fitzcarraldo," the ravaged oil fields of Kuwait in the 1992 film "Lessons of Darkness," or Antarctica as featured in the 2007 documentary "Encounters at the End of the World," the legendary German filmmaker seems happiest when he is in the kind of location that tests human endurance to the limits.
But seldom has Herzog filmed in a place as inaccessible as the location of his latest documentary. In "Cave of Forgotten Dreams," which features in the official program of the 2011 Berlin International Film Festival, Herzog visits the Chauvet Cave in southern France, which is home to unique examples of Paleolithic rock art. The cave was sealed off for dozens of millennia -- and even today, no one is granted access apart from a handful of scientists. The cave, discovered in 1994, is home to hundreds of pristine artworks. Over 30,000 years old, they are the oldest known pictures created by humans.
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Outcomes Following Proton Therapy for Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Indelicato, Daniel J. et al. International Journal of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics , Volume 104 , Issue 1 , 149 – 156.
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common brain tumors in children, with approximately 800 cases diagnosed each year in the United States. Management of these tumors depends on several elements, including host factors (eg, patient age and comorbidities) and disease characteristics (eg, tumor location and histologic subtype). With a long-term survival rate that exceeds 90%, therapy selection involves careful consideration of minimizing late toxicity from surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation. Treatment side effects can be permanent or life threatening and include neurocognitive impairment, neurologic deficits, neurovascular compromise, neuroendocrine deficiency, and second malignancies.
Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy may be used as solitary therapies or in combination, offering different therapeutic ratios depending on the setting. As a result, establishing the ideal treatment choice and sequencing has historically been an area of controversy, presenting challenges that are further complicated by the emergence of molecular targets.
Several studies have attempted to mitigate the impact of late radiation toxicity through selective radiation avoidance, systematic reduction in the size of target volumes, and the use of advanced radiation techniques. Of these radiation techniques, proton therapy is particularly promising because it allows for reductions in the low and intermediate radiation dose to normal tissue outside of the target volume. Accordingly, LGGs in children are considered a “Group 1” indication for proton therapy according to the United States American Society for Radiation Oncology Model Policy, and they have become the third most common pediatric brain tumor type treated with proton therapy worldwide.
Compared with modern photon series, proton therapy reduces the radiation dose to developing brain tissue, diminishing acute toxicities without compromising disease control.


A risk factor is any factor that is associated with an increased chance of developing a particular health condition, such as breast cancer. There are different types of risk factors, some of which can be modified and some which cannot.
Our risk of getting breast cancer means our chance of getting breast cancer. All women are at risk of getting breast cancer. As we get older, our risk increases.
Risk can be described in two different ways: relative risk and absolute risk.
Absolute risk refers to our chance of developing breast cancer during a given time. For example, the absolute risk of a woman developing breast cancer by the age of 85 years is 1 in 8. Absolute risk is of most value to women trying to determine how some risk factors might apply to them personally. However, most scientific or medical reports use relative risk.
Relative risk compares two absolute risks and emphasises the difference between the two, rather than the significance of the risk itself to an individual person.
For a particular risk factor for breast cancer, relative risk tells you how that risk for breast cancer compares with the risk of a woman who does not have that risk factor.
For example, drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer. Women who have 1 standard drink per day have about a 7% greater risk of breast cancer than women who don’t drink. The absolute risk of developing breast cancer is still small in both groups, but the women who drink alcohol have a greater risk than those who don’t drink alcohol.
Having one or more risk factors does not mean that you will develop cancer. Many people have at least one risk factor but will never develop cancer, while others with cancer may have had no known risk factors. Even if a person with cancer has a risk factor, it is usually hard to know how much that risk factor contributed to the development of their disease.
Although some risk factors for breast cancer can’t be changed (for example, genetic factors), some can. Information about risk can help women make choices about lifestyle and other modifiable factors that affect risk for breast cancer.


6 January 2020
Help wanted: Advice on a Plain Language Summary
Posted by Shane Hanlon
By Shane M Hanlon
One thing that I love about AGU is that all of our journals accept Plain Langauge Summaries as part of journal submissions. We here in Sharing Science highlight some of the better ones that we see via the #SciSummary hashtag and offer a toolkit on crafting that perfect summary. And now, we’re happy to offer a home to solicit advice.
AGU member Alyssa Abbey just got a manuscript accepted in Tectonics (congrats!) and would like some advice on crafting a summary. It’s pasted below. Please comment (constructively!) below and if you want your abstract feature, just shoot us an email at [email protected].
We identify patterns of faulting and volcanism in the Rio Grande rift (RGR) in the western United States to better understand how continental rifts evolve. Using methods for documenting rock cooling ages (thermochronology), we determined that rifting began around 25 million years ago (Ma) in both the northern and southern RGR. Rift faults continued to develop and grow for another 10 to 15 million years. The central RGR, however, shows that rift extension occurred through volcanic activity both as eruptions at the surface and as magma injection below the surface since ~15 Ma. Interestingly, RGR faulting in the north and south parts of the rift occurs on a north‐south line, while volcanism in the central RGR is along a northeast to southwest line. The differences in the location and orientation of faulting and volcanic activity may be related to the thickness of the lithosphere beneath different parts of the rift. Using these patterns of faulting and magmatism, we propose the RGR evolved through a combination of (1) oblique strain—extension diagonal to the rift and (2) block rotation—where the Colorado Plateau is the rotating block. This detailed study highlights different processes related to the accommodation of extension and the overall development of continental rifts.
Keywords: thermochronometry; continental rifting; fault growth
-Shane M Hanlon is a Program Manager in AGU’s Sharing Science Program. Find him @EcologyOfShane.


Water damage in a structure can result in damaged equipment, personal belongings and structural damage. A water incursion can even create an indoor environment that could be hazardous to building occupants and restoration workers.
Depending on the water source, it may contain bacteria, viruses, mold, chemicals, and even protozoa. Even water damage due to clean water, known as Category 1 Water, can result in mold growth in as short as 24 hours.
Category 2 Water, also known as Grey Water, typically contains a significant amount of biological or physical contaminants that can cause sickness when humans are exposed or if it is accidently consumed. Examples include toilet water with no feces, sump pump failures, and water discharged from a dishwashers or washing machine. Category 2 Water, that is not promptly removed or has remained stagnant for 48–72 hours, may at times be reclassified as Category 3 Water.
Category 3 Water, also known as Black Water, is grossly contaminated. It may contain harmful pathogens, microbes, and chemicals that could cause illness. Sources include sewage, seawater (like from Hurricane Sandy), rising water from rivers or streams, ground surface water or standing water.
Whenever water enters a building, no matter the source, it’s important to have it safely removed as quickly as possible. During the drying process other contaminates already in the building may also cause a health hazard. Buildings with materials that contain asbestos or lead based paints may become aerosolized during the drying process as portions of walls, ceilings and flooring may have to be partially removed or even demolished.
If not conducted properly, the drying process can result in airborne contaminants being spread throughout a property, even into areas not damaged by the water incursion. These contaminants may include mold and bacteria, viruses and protozoa, lead and asbestos, and chemical contaminants.
Another concern when water is present is the risk of electrocution. Drying equipment and fans need a source of electricity. If the electricity is out of service, generators may be brought in which also carry the risk of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning if not properly vented.
The cleanup of mold following these types of water events is common. Visit www.fastmoldremoval.com to find chemicals such as MMR mold stain remover and Shockwave disinfectant – along with application equipment and personal protective gear necessary to ensure proper cleanup.


Further to “New big fossil find in Canada’s Burgess Shale area features internal organs,” some interesting featuress from the Nature Communications paper.:
The soft-bodied fossil assemblage is noteworthy for its high proportion of new taxa—which is surprising considering the locality’s close geographical and temporal proximity to the Walcott Quarry—and also for the preservation of previously unknown or unreported anatomical features, and for the presence of taxa previously only known from the early Cambrian of China.
Which is to say that new life forms that challenge prevailing ideas could in fact be right under our noses in what we think are pretty well tapped out areas.
And ones we think must have been dominant may not have been.
Patterns in fossil associations point to the recurrence of a similar community-type across the fossil-rich interval (Supplementary Data 1). While this suggests that relatively consistent taphonomic, ecological and environmental conditions prevailed throughout the studied interval, it also highlights important differences in content between Marble Canyon and other Cambrian soft-bodied assemblages elsewhere. Sessile organisms, in particular sponges and brachiopods, which are especially abundant and diverse at the Walcott Quarry5 and Chengjiang28 (and to a lesser extent at Stanley Glacier10), are consistently rare at Marble Canyon.
This is a time for discovery not dogmatism about what it means.
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Pediatric Urgent Care Interventions For Severe Earache
Earaches in children are common and symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and even hearing loss. Before a treatment plan can be implemented, the cause of your child's severe earache needs to be identified. Here are some pediatric urgent care interventions that you can expect if you bring your child to a children's urgent care center for their earache.
Oral Medical History And Examination
The pediatric urgent care professional will take an oral medical history from you regarding your child's condition. They may ask you if your child recently had a viral or bacterial infection, if they have drainage tubes in their ears, or if they have hearing problems.
Your child's vital signs will also be taken so that the provider can determine if the patient has a fever, a fast heart rate, or a fast respiratory rate because these signs can be indicative of an infection. An ear examination with an otoscope will also be performed so that the provider can assess the ear for redness, fluid, discharge, inflammation, and impacted wax. The pediatric urgent care provider will also examine the eardrum for signs of bleeding and rupture.
If damage to the ear canal or eardrum is identified, the healthcare provider will recommend that you follow up with your child's primary care doctor for further evaluation and appropriate treatment.
Pain Relief Recommendations And Antibiotics
The healthcare provider at the pediatric urgent care center may recommend that you give your child acetaminophen or ibuprofen to help ease their earache and treat an elevated temperature. They may also recommend that your child place a heating pad set to the lowest setting on their ear or apply a warm compress to the affected ear to ease their pain. If the provider determines that a bacterial infection is the cause of your child's severe earache, they may prescribe antibiotics.
If the earache is related to a viral or fungal infection, antibiotics will not be helpful, and therefore, will not be prescribed. Before choosing the appropriate antibiotic, the urgent care professional will ask you if your child has any allergies to penicillin or other antibiotics.
If your child develops a severe earache, visit a pediatric urgent care center or take them to their pediatrician's office. When the source of your child's pain is quickly diagnosed and treated, their symptoms will resolve faster so that they can feel better and resume their day-to-day activities.


Posted on 4/15/2019 by Platte Valley Dental Care
|Water, overall, is a great thing to have. You want to stay hydrated throughout the day, you want to give your body enough water to really work well and continue to provide the necessary functions it needs to provide.
It is recommended that you drink at least 8, 8-ounce glasses of water per day, more or less. It is good to keep up the water content of your body for your body and for your oral health. Tap water is especially beneficial to your health and should be consumed regularly, here's why.
Why is Tap Water Important?Tap water comes with many vitamins and nutrients that can provide your overall oral health with the benefits that it needs. Not only that, but when you drink tap water, you're also getting something called fluoride. This helps to strengthen the enamel on the teeth and provide healthier, stronger teeth overall. It is also a substance that is used to put on the outside of the teeth of children so that they last longer and remain stronger.
Those that do not have tap water and that drink well water usually look to using fluoride supplements for their oral health. This can also be found in toothpaste and mouth washes to provide the best possible agents to help the teeth grow strong and look their best. Smaller children benefit the most before their permanent teeth come in from the use of fluoride.
We Can Provide More Information
Speak with us today if you want more information regarding your oral health and the many benefits that can come from enjoying tap water and other delicious extras. Make an appointment to have a cleaning and exam done, because these are both important for your oral health and should be done every six months for the best possible outcome. We can help, call now.
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Thursday: 8 AM to 5 PM


Good Morning Year 2
Have a lovely week.
Enjoy listening to this story to start off the day.
RWI Phonics lessons
Start off with Speed Sound lessons every day using the link below.
Films will show at the times below and be available for 24 hours.
- Set 1 Speed Sounds at 9.30 am
- Set 2 Speed Sounds at 10.00 am
- Set 3 Speed Sounds at 10.30 am
Read the story of Jack and the Beanstalk.
Re-write the story of Jack and the Beanstalk.
Write in your notebook or use Purple Mash. See the ToDo task Miss Jones has set you.
Challenge 1 - use capital letters, full stops, finger spaces and your neatest handwriting.
Challenge 2 - include the conjunctions but, so, if, when, that, because, or.
Challenge 3 - include exclamation sentences eg. How sneaky he is! What a huge giant he is!
Log in to TTRockstars to practise your timetables.
Challenge 3 - Can you solve the Maths Clues?
Follow the powerpoint information to help you complete the Animal Dependency Challenge. You can print these activities or make your own posters.


What is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto, a pseudonymous person who outlined the technology in a 2008 white paper. The concept is simple: Bitcoin is digital money that allows for secure peer-to-peer transactions on the internet and outside of the control of a government or bank.
Every transaction involving Bitcoin is tracked on the blockchain, which is similar to a bank’s ledger, or log of customers’ funds going in and out of the bank. In simple terms, it’s a record of every transaction ever made using Bitcoin. Unlike a bank’s ledger, the Bitcoin blockchain is distributed across the entire network. No company, country, or third party is in control of it; and anyone can become part of that network.
Bitcoin started out as a curiosity that few people took seriously and has evolved since to a relatively well established asset mostly purchased to protect one’s capital against inflation. The problem with the conventional monetary system is that there is an unlimited supply of money, which is created at will by central banks. Bitcoin’s total supply, in contrast, is set by mathematics to never exceed 21 million. This makes Bitcoin the ideal protection against the threat of hyperinflation of fiat currencies.
Another important property of Bitcoin is that it remains independent of any central organisation like a bank or government. Bitcoin is a currency native to the Internet. Unlike government-issued currencies such as the dollar or euro, Bitcoin allows online transfers without a middleman such as a bank or payment processor. The removal of those gatekeepers creates a whole range of new possibilities, including the potential for money to move around the global internet more quickly and cheaply, and allowing individuals to have maximum control over their own assets.
Bitcoin is legal to use, hold, and trade, and can be spent on everything from travel to charitable donations. It’s accepted as payment by businesses including Microsoft and Expedia.


What does Niralamba mean?
How do we pronounce Niralamba?
Niralamba \\ is a boy's name. It consists of 9 letters and 4 syllables.[ 3 syll. ni-ra-lam-ba, nir-ala-mba ] The baby boy name Niralamba is pronounced Nay-Raa-LaeMBY- 1.
1 English pronunciation for Niralamba: N as in "knee (N.IY)" ; AY as in "side (S.AY.D)" ; R as in "race (R.EY.S)" ; AA as in "odd (AA.D)" ; L as in "lay (L.EY)" ; AE as in "at (AE.T)" ; M as in "me (M.IY)" ; B as in "be (B.IY)" ; Y as in "you (Y.UW)"
What is the origin of Niralamba?
Niralamba's origin is Sanskrit, and its use, Indian. Niralamba's meaning is 'independent'.
Niralamba is uncommon as a baby name for boys. It is not listed within the top 1000 names.
The baby name Niralamba fun facts:
The name Niralamba in reverse order is "Abmalarin".
The numerological value of the name Niralamba is number 8, which means practical endeavors, status oriented, power-seeking, high-material goals.
How popular is Niralamba?
Niralamba is not in the top boy names in USA.


A top priority of the construction industry is to create buildings sustainably while maintaining the health and welfare of the residents. Green buildings now play a significant role in preventing and controlling a pandemic environment. As people are spending more time at home, developers are increasingly prioritising ventilation, utilising eco-friendly materials, and integrating natural sources of energy into architectural design such as rainwater harvesting, waste management, and solar power.
Specialised modelling tools are being utilised to optimise a building’s layout, so energy efficiency and ventilation are integrated into the design. This improves the operational efficiency of the buildings and promotes the conservation of natural resources. Aerial footage of construction sites, combined with advanced analysis and design methodologies, allows for the efficient construction of buildings with minimal environmental impact. As more consumers shift their focus towards health and wellness, this trend will only continue.
Building-based prevention and control measures have become one of the most important methods of controlling the pandemic. These measures include community management, isolation areas, environmental disinfection and cleaning protocols.
Green building products take into account the safety, durability, health, livability, and accessibility of all residents. With the rapidly expanding industry of green building products, developers should emphasise the overall health performance of the buildings.
The criteria for green buildings are also beneficial to COVID-19 prevention and control. Developers should measure the performance of green products by how they achieve the green building criteria. These criteria include protecting the health of occupants, reducing the risk of infection, providing a stable living environment during the pandemic, and maintaining essential facilities.
Developers must consider all stages of a green building’s lifecycle. This comprises of lowering environmental impact and maximising value from design, construction, operation, and maintenance, through to renovation and eventual demolition.
The construction sector will have to accelerate the adoption of technology to optimally maintain green buildings throughout their lifecycles. The use of automation, artificial intelligence, and big data must be heavily employed in construction practices to increase efficiency and mitigate risk. These new technologies will enable developers to streamline routine practices while minimising maintenance lifecycle costs and increasing labour productivity.
Occupants must be educated about the importance of green amenities and how the green building has a direct impact on their lifestyle. Housekeeping and staff must receive continuous certified training for correct green building maintenance.


Before we figure out why spiders have so many understand we should first ask; why do humans have two eyes? The answer is because we have evolved to need them. Humans use two eyes to be able to see three-dimensional objects, to judge how far away they are, how tall they are and how wide. Spiders have developed eight eyes (usually) for the same reason; because they need them.
Spiders are small predators and have evolved based on their needs over time. The majority of spiders have eight eyes although some have six and some none at all. It all depends on the environment they evolved in and what they needed them for. The most common spiders have two large eyes in the center of their head. These eyes perform much the same role as human eyes. They are there to judge distance and to see prey clearly. However, most spiders also have four more eyes on the side of their head. This is because spiders have no neck and so they use extra eyes to watch out for predators and prey.
If you consider the spider as an arachnid that lives in a circular web you can start to understand why they always want a wide field of vision. They need to be able to watch the whole web while they sit in the middle. This enables them to see any looming predator approaching. Jumping spiders similar use their side-eyes to spot any notable movement and they can quickly leap into the air to catch an insect.
Some spiders have no eyes at all and this just goes to prove that evolution is the cause for all of these differences. Some spiders that dwell in dark caves have no use for eyes. Over time evolution stopped wasting energy producing eyes that could not be used properly and allowed these cave-dwelling spiders to develop their other senses.
Who knows what the future holds for our species. Perhaps as our generations continue to stare down at mobile devices we will develop an extra eye on our chin so that we can watch our phones while crossing the street. While an evolution like this would take many thousands of years to take place, we could probably use it sooner.
Let us know your thoughts on the impacts of evolution and any interesting animal quirks you have found as a result of evolution.


Walden, Thoreau's most famous writing articulating the essence of Transcendentalism, was published in 1854. The book, often read in grades 11-12, reflects Thoreau's attempt to 'live life simply.' A popular quote from its second chapter:
Astute teachers and students should note, however, that the quotation cuts short the paragraph, and in doing so, clips out a key tenet and distinction of transcendentalism itself. The continuation of Thoreau's meditation in that particular paragraph continues into the religious realm and concludes,
Modern students should keep in mind that though freedom of religion was a founding principal of the United States, religion was pervasive and much more deeply intertwined with the culture than it is today. The point being that Transcendentalism was not simply a philosophical movement but a philosophical and religious movement. I think it is common to bump up against transcendentalism and conclude that the movement was promoting man of over God or man over religion but I think it is more correct to understand it as a movement that was trying to create a better way to live. The final sentence of that paragraph (the second quote) reflects back into the entire paragraph and inflects the early statements with more meaning.
There is another popular misconception to dispatch immediately. Thoreau was not buried deep in the wilderness, reflecting in solitude, capturing varmints, and skinning them with his teeth in order to survive. His cabin was not far from the edge of town, his nearest neighbor was about a mile away, and he was only a couple miles removed (that's ~3KM for you European readers) from his family's house. He also had frequent guests and visitors.
Thoreau stayed at Walden for two years, two months, and two days (a fun personal fact for me because I once worked for a congressman for one year, one month, one week, and one day; which was a journey into the wilderness in its own right). However the book is written to express that visit over a one year rather than two year period and Thoreau placed careful emphasis on the division of the four seasons.
Visit our Transcendentalism Study Guide for other works and background on the genre that was distinctly American.
Chapter II: Where I Lived, and What I Lived For
Chapter XIV: Former Inhabitants and Winter Visitors
Chapter XVI: The Pond in Winter
Return to the Henry David Thoreau library.


Protect Our Children
Children are some of the most vulnerable members of our society.
In South Africa, National Children's Day is celebrated on the first Saturday of November each year. The Western Cape Government encourages citizens to protect the rights of and care for our children.
The Department of Social Development (DSD) has programmes aimed at promoting the well-being of children and empowering families and communities to care for and protect their children.
These programmes include:
Child care and protection programme
Children and families programme
Partial care and early childhood development programme
Children's Rights and the Constitution
Children's rights are protected by Section 28 of the Bill of Rights in the South African Constitution.
These include the right to:
- A name and nationality from birth
- Appropriate care by an adult
- Access to basic nutrition, shelter, health care and social services
- Protection from exploitive, inappropriate or dangerous work
- Protection from maltreatment, neglect or abuse
Child Abuse in South Africa
Many children in South Africa don't know how or where to report abuse, or don't have access to help. Many children and adults also don't understand what abuse is and the different forms it can take. Because of this, they might not even know that they are the victims or abusers.
Childline's Recognising Child Abuse document gives more information on the signs that indicate a child is being abused.
Who Can Help?
Childline: 24-hour free helpline 0800 055 555
South African Police Service (SAPS): Crime Stop number 08600 10111 or SAPS 10111
Childline Western Cape:
24-hour toll-free Helpline: 116
Tel: 021 762 8198
Address: 38 Fleming Road, Wynberg, 8001
Useful Contacts and Information:
Child and Youth Care Centres
Drop-in Centres for Children


The Serious Side of Sesame Street and the Law
The subject of divorce is never easy for children. This is especially true when it involves preschool age children. Sesame Street is now addressing divorce. As Time Magazine explains, this is not the first time the writers and producers of Sesame Street have attempted to address this issue. In 1992 Sesame Street produced a segment that had Snuffleupagus' parents divorcing. Segment was killed due to poor test screenings. You can read the full Time Magazine article, ‘ D' is for Divorce: Sesame Street Tackles Another Touchy Topic. The video explaining how and why Sesame Street came to produce and air a new segment on divorce is below.
Those of you who are regular readers of our blog know that this is not the first time that Sesame Street has intersected with the law. We have previously written about United States Supreme Court Justice, Sonya Sotomayor, and her two previous appearances on Sesame Street. (See, Justice Sotomayor Renders Decision on Sesame Street and Supreme Court Justice Gives “Career Advice”) Both of our previous Sesame Street posts were lighthearted lessons from a United States Supreme Court Justice. However, I wanted to commend Sesame Street for having the courage to take on this very important issue. Many of our clients and their children struggle with the social impact of divorce. Hopefully, with the help of Sesame Street, preschool-aged children find a little easier to cope with and deal with their parents divorce.
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It’s not uncommon to find yourself frustrated with people talking too loud. Loud talkers may not mean to annoy you, but their actions can make you feel that way. To avoid overreacting, try to establish a quiet zone. There are several ways to prevent or minimize the effects of loud talking.
If someone is talking loudly at work, you might be suffering from misophonia, a disorder in which certain sounds irritate the person. These sounds, often associated with normal conversation, can cause physical and emotional responses in sufferers. Although there is no known cause for misophonia, it is best to avoid situations where loud noises are likely to occur.
Treatments can include protective equipment and quiet-zones. However, these are not recommended as the sole treatment strategy for misophonia. Misophonia sufferers can also benefit from cognitive behavioral techniques to help them learn to deal with discomfort and build new coping skills. In fact, people suffering from this condition are encouraged to share their experiences with others and seek support and resources.
People with misophonia often have other comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, or insomnia. While there is no cure for misophonia, many sufferers find coping strategies and a way to overcome the disorder.
For those suffering from misophonia, loud talking may trigger intense emotions, including fear and irritation. Often, these reactions are out of proportion to the triggering sound. In some cases, a person may even become violent or irrational. To make matters worse, they may act out in a way that is embarrassing to them and others.
Symptoms of hyperacusis can be very painful and can occur in spells, with some people experiencing painful episodes for days or even weeks. These episodes are often accompanied by headaches and can affect the person’s quality of life. The pain is usually described as a dull, throbbing, or sharp stab.
There are a few techniques you can use to prevent others from annoying you with their loud talking. First, try to stay calm and detached in social situations and meetings. Also, it can help to set boundaries with such people. Try to focus on something else, like your work, to stay calm. Then, try to put the other person on the back burner.


Tilapia is euryhaline fish which is commonly cultivated in former shrimp ponds, and belongs to mouthbreeders. The purpose of this study was to determine the hatching success of Tilapia eggs outside the mother's mouth, which was carried out in the salinity medium added with bromelain and papain enzymes. The research method was factorial CRD with enzyme (factor A) and salinity (factor B), with three replications. The research was conducted at the Fish Cultivation laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University in January-February 2020. The results showed that papain had more effect on hatchability (93.77%), while the salinity of 5 ppt was the salinity that produced the highest hatchability (93.89%). Moreover, the hatchability was also influenced by the interaction between the enzyme and salinity, namely papain enzyme with a salinity of 5 ppt (98.89%). Meanwhile, bromelain had more effect on the survival of larvae (87.86%), and the salinity that produced the highest survival rate was at 5 ppt (85.75%), but the interaction between enzyme and salinity did not have an effect on the survival of larvae.


These involve the drilling of boreholes and installation of test wells of a similar design to the extraction wells to be used in the proposed scheme.
Landfill gas is then extracted from the well by the suction of the test flare. The landfill gas flow and quality obtained for a range of different suction pressures is measured.
Landfill gas is drawn towards the test well under the influence of a pressure gradient in the waste. The pressure difference decreases with increasing distance from the well until a point is reached where the applied suction at the test well has no influence on the pressure in the waste. The horizontal distance of this point from the well is known as the “radius of influence”. It can be estimated by monitoring pressure changes in the waste at various distances from the well.
The “radius of influence” is used to calculate the volume of the waste from which landfill gas is extracted. See below figure :
When a steady state is reached, which may take several weeks, the landfill gas quality should stabilize and the flow of landfill gas at the well head is theoretically equivalent to the rate of generation of landfill gas within the waste.
The basis of these tests is to measure the flow rate achievable from a part of a site and thereafter to “scale up” the result to calculate the likely yield from the whole site.
Since waste is a very heterogeneous mass the results from such test can be variable and therefore practical knowledge and experience is the most useful factor in predicting well yields.
Our expertise engineers have over 50 years of experience of landfill gas control and utilization projects and have found the following values to be realistic in terms of gas production :


English games have many uses other than just filling up the last 10 minutes of a lesson. They can be a good way to get a class of 30 children to concentrate on the topic and they build interest in the lesson. English games can also be valid teaching methods, particularly when it comes to vocabulary building.
When to use
Games and activities are particularly useful in the setting of the first lesson. It can help you and everyone else to relax, and it may even help you to get to know each other (such as this memory game in which you have to remember everyone’s name).
ESL games can also be used as warming-up activities. You can use variations on well-established games in order to incorporate vocabulary or sentence structures that will be featured in the lesson.
Students need to relax sometimes. It’s not a cop-out on your part to plan a deliberately fun lesson. In this situation, you can use games as a means of revision or building rapport.
And finally, of course, there is the filler. A lesson plan that you thought would last well beyond the allotted time somehow gets finished too quickly. What do you do? A repertoire of TEFL games will get you out of any sticky situation.
What to do
I have written about some of my favourite games previously. Twice, in fact. I would also recommend as a warm-up activity the incredibly simple but surprisingly fun ‘word list’ game.
Divide students into two or more teams. Depending on the class size you can use the board or paper. Give the students two or three categories within a topic area (i.e. Transport: jobs, vehicles, issues) and get them to list as many words as they can within a time limit. Some manic scribbling of half-baked words should ensue.
Where to find
I would be a fool to repeat here what others have already said, so my advice is to use the internet to find English games and activities that suit you.
There are too many useful websites to mention when it comes to finding games for the classroom, but the links below should start you off in the right direction.
British Council – have a look at the bountiful activities section
ESL Classroom Games – nicely illustrated resource for some simple games
The Internet TESL Journal – difficult to navigate, but more contents than you can swing a cat at…
Share your comments and feedback


An ice storm that hit Canada last week has left hundreds of thousands of people without power. The storm, which brought freezing rain and strong winds, caused trees and power lines to snap, leaving many communities in the dark. The hardest-hit areas were in southern Ontario, where over 300,000 customers were without electricity. In Quebec, over 100,000 customers were also affected by the storm.
The ice storm caused widespread damage to infrastructure and property, with many roads and highways closed due to fallen trees and power lines. The storm also disrupted air travel, with over 600 flights cancelled or delayed at Toronto’s Pearson International Airport. Emergency crews worked around the clock to restore power to affected areas, but the process was slow due to the extent of the damage. Many residents were left without heat or water, and some had to seek shelter in warming centers set up by local authorities.
The ice storm serves as a reminder of the importance of emergency preparedness in extreme weather conditions. Residents in affected areas were advised to stay indoors and avoid driving on icy roads. They were also encouraged to have a supply of food, water, and other essentials in case of prolonged power outages. While power has been restored to many areas, some residents may still be without electricity for several days. The storm highlights the need for communities to have contingency plans in place for emergencies, and for individuals to take steps to protect themselves and their families during extreme weather events.


What an odd looking cat!
Latin America’s jaguarundi does have an unusually small head, tiny rounded ears, and (though you can’t see it in the above image) a very long tail and body.
You would think them unique, but Borneo bay cats — the world’s least known cat — look a lot like jaguarundis.
This, even though bay cats are only found on the island of Borneo, thousands of miles from the Americas.
I read about the resemblance at the Cat Specialist Group’s page on bay cats and checked it out online.
Here is a bay cat:
These are melanistic jaguarundis in Costa Rica:
There are black Borneo bay cats, too.
More often, the two species — although members of different genetic lineages and separated by our planet’s biggest ocean — come with reddish or gray coat color variations.
I haven’t seen any authoritative comments about this, perhaps because so little information exists for bay cats, but it looks to me like a case of convergent evolution.
Featured image: Carine06, CC BY-SA 2.0


Preserving Bhutan’s National Identity: An Analysis of Gross National Happiness as Survival Strategy
As a small Himalayan country of just under 800,000 inhabitants, landlocked between China and India, Bhutan has faced significant challenges - even existential threats –to the preservation of its national identity since its very inception as a united kingdom in 1907. This paper looks at the “Gross National Happiness” (GNH) strategy not just as a peculiar, holistic development paradigm, but also as a cohesive force promoted, in the last four decades, to cement and affirm Bhutan’s national conscience. Protection of the local identity has been implemented over the years through various means, ranging from codes of “national customs and etiquette” (Driglam Namzha), to strict immigration and citizenship regulations, to a tightly controlled “high value, low impact” tourism industry, to rigorous environmental controls. Despite said countermeasures, the need for economic development through further integration into the world economy as well as mainstream converging
forces of cultural homogenization represent powerful, potentially disintegrative factors affecting Bhutan on a regular basis. This timely analysis transcends the Himalayan context, as other similarly fragile nations across the globe, today, require comparable “survival strategies” in the face of equally daunting threats.
Keywords: GNH, identity, nation, survival, sustainability


Catomerus polymerus and the evolution of the balanomorph form in barnacles (Cirripedia)
On the basis of comparative anatomy, Darwin proposed that the catophragmid C. polymerus, representing the basic form among balanomorphs, had evolved from a scalpellid lepadomorph ancestry. This hypothesis has since been supported by fossil evidence, but has not been tested by the techniques of comparative functional morphology. Functional studies of C. polymerus and Calantica villosa have now shown that an evolution of catophragmid balanomorphs from calanticine scalpellids is functionally feasible, upholding Darwin's proposal. C. polymerus retains the scalpellid mode of planktivorous extension feeding, except for further modification of the first two pairs of cirri as short maxillipeds acting in forward food transfer in a limited space. The basic adaptive significance of the foreshortened form and flattened operculum of C. polymerus lies in allowing a species with this mode of feeding to inhabit a high energy intertidal environment. Protection against certain kinds of predation may also have been important. The development of the opercular valves from capitular plates and their changed orientation relative to the wall is accommodated by further modification of a hinge mechanism already present in calanticine scalpellids. The closure mechanism of the operculum involves supplementation of the action of the adductor scutorum by the downward pull of large tergal depressor muscles, evolved as a modification of the peduncular longitudinal muscles of calanticines. Massive tergal and small scutal depressor muscles, a basic balanomorph condition, are functionally associated with a large prosoma and paired branchiae occupying the rostral part of the limited mantle cavity.


The keto diet (also known as the ketosis diet) is basically a high-fiber, sufficient-meat, low-fat diet that sometimes in medicinal circles is used primarily to treat patients with epilepsy in epileptic children. The keto diet forces your body to use up fats instead of glucose, which is the brain’s primary fuel. This forces your body to begin using ketones – fat that your body breaks down – as its primary source of energy. Ketones can be used as your main source of energy, or they can be stored in your liver for future use. If you decide to store your ketones in the liver, this will be good news because ketones are great at boosting your metabolism and help you lose weight.
It is also important to note that the keto diet can cause a drop in blood sugar that may cause hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, for some people. Because the ketones used as the main source of energy are fat, the drop in blood sugar may cause your blood sugar level to drop dangerously low. So it is important to be careful with the amount of carbohydrates you take in, and to watch your blood sugar closely to make sure you do not have a metabolic shock when using up your stored fat as your primary source of energy.
Both the medical community and mainstream medical research are beginning to understand the benefits of the keto diet as a weight loss solution, but it should be noted that these diets have also been associated with other potentially serious health problems such as seizures and liver failure. If you have epilepsy, these diets should never be used without the supervision of your doctor or epileptic center. They should also never be started in place of traditional diets for children without the guidance of your doctor. Seizures and liver failure can lead to very serious health risks and should always be managed with the utmost care.


For many years, students have used Quizlet to review basic concepts and definitions. And, teachers have used Kahoot for in-class interactive quizzes. This year, our math teachers have started using Quizlet Live to get the best of both worlds.
Quizlet is a review tool based on concepts and definitions or problems and solutions. Students can match questions to answers via flashcard review, games, practice tests or worksheet review online from any device. Quizlet Live offers teachers a way to bring this interactive practice into the classroom.
Here’s a video (from Quizlet Live) explaining the tool’s features:
We use the tool like this:
- Students login via given code
- Students are randomly assigned a group to work with
- Game starts – the same question appears on every screen in the group, however, the answer is only on one of the group member’s screens; which means they must discuss and compare to know who has the right answer
- A winner’s board is displayed on teacher computer (on projector screen). Each group moves forward one step for every right answer; if the group misses a question they go back to zero
- The winning group is the group who answers every question correctly first
- Finally, Quizlet Live produces a slideshow of most frequently missed questions and often “wrong” answers allowing the teacher an easy wrap-up and review activity
Our math teachers have used this tool for algebra review, extended challenges with functions and graphs and complicated equations. Because students have each other as resources, this tool allows us to challenge our students further than we can in more traditional class discussions. Our teachers have time to go around from group to group to listen and engage in meaningful discussions.
Best of all, students are engaged 100% the entire time!


Speaking Lessons and Courses
The speaker who puts everyone to sleep and the proverbial “life of the party” illustrate how every sound the voice makes either depletes or energizes self and others. More Than Speaking identifies vocal habits that limit expression and drain energy. It introduces practices that transform everyday speaking into engaging, generative communication. Work with the breath and vocal function energizes the body, clears the mind, balances the emotions and accesses creative inspiration. Facilitated conversations support integration of these techniques into spontaneous interactions that are the foundation of all relationships.
You can learn more about specific issues on Jocelyn’s blog. You will find answers to questions other readers have posted and you can post your own.
Workshops and Retreats
More Than Speaking is a holistic approach that includes breathing, phonation, resonance, dynamics, and nonverbal communication such as posture, eye contact and gestures. It develops awareness of how vocal frequencies energize the body, influence emotional balance, and activate memories, beliefs and imagination. Speakers learn how to use the voice to transform physical, emotional and mental states so that what they are expressing aligns with their true intentions and values. Because the practice refines deep and embodied listening, they also learn to hear subtle frequencies in others’ voices. This supports clearer understanding, deeper compassion and wiser questioning.
Sessions may be scheduled for a half day, full day, weekend, or 5-day week.


Wound Pain Management
An accurate wound assessment and diagnosis, as described in previous blog posts, is vital for understanding the origin and extent of the wound pain. Once the pain has been fully investigated, pain management strategies can be put into place.
Underlying Cause = Underlying Source
many cases, the underlying cause of the wound is also the underlying source of the pain. The first stage in wound pain management should be to identify the cause of the wound and treat according to standard protocols. For example, pain occurring through orthostatic venous edema may be relieved by leg elevation, compression therapy or exercise, while pain resulting from a pressure ulcer may be eased by regular repositioning, mobilization or the use of appropriate support surfaces. Infection and inflammation are also common causes of wound pain, and should be managed as a priority according to standard procedures.
Once the underlying cause of the wound has been managed, local wound care issues that also contribute to the pain be addressed. Local causes of wound pain may include improper moisture balance in the wound or procedures such as debridement, wound cleansing or the removal of dressings.
Local wound care practices can have a significant effect on the level of pain a patient experiences, in either a negative or a positive way. Very simple, intuitive pain relief strategies can be introduced which, although easily overlooked, make a huge difference to the experience of the patient.
The use of pressure-reduction support surfaces, which conform to the body contours to relieve pressure and promote a healthy microclimate, can also have a dramatic and beneficial effect on the level of pain experienced by the patient. In addition, therapeutic support surfaces, which improve tissue perfusion by minimizing tissue compression, should be considered for patients with trunk wounds who are bed-bound.
Layer Wound Pain Management
After the underlying cause of the wound has been addressed and local wound care management strategies put into place, specific analgesic approaches should be adopted. Optimal wound-related pain management may be based on a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, administered both locally and systemically.
Learn More With Our Wound Care Education Options
Interested in learning more about wound care and certification? Browse through our wound care certification courses for information on our comprehensive range of education options to suit healthcare professionals across the full spectrum of qualifications and experience.


The agricultural industry has been an early adopter of UAV technology. There are four primary areas where farmers are interested in using UAVs: assessment of crop health, agricultural field mapping, payload transportation, and monitoring of livestock. In today’s competitive farming sector, a key requirement is for technology to play an important role in managing crops, ensuring crop health, and tracking farm assets.
The challenge for farmers is to improve crop health and increase overall productivity of the land, while reducing costs. Using UAVs to support these objectives introduces a number of challenges that need to be addressed; first agricultural mapping tends to cover larger areas (many acres of farmland), which require longer flight times, and secondly accurate mapping is required in order to provide reliable insights into the real health of crops.
Accurately mapping, measuring, and monitoring crops and land-use is essential for successful farm operations, including everyday planning, decision-making, and overall strategy. A variety of different sensor packages can be useful; high-resolution RGB cameras for broad area field mapping, multispectral or even hyperspectral sensors to assess crop health. Combine these with an Applanix APX-18 UAV, which provides accurate fast results without GCPs, while significantly reducing flight line overlap, means that much larger areas can be covered in a single mission – providing both a significant time and cost savings, while collecting the data needed!


Common ‘forever’ chemicals found in drinking water, among other things, have been linked to early menopause in women, raising new concerns over the contaminants. The study builds upon an existing body of research that has linked per- and poly-fluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemicals with a number of health issues, including everything from thyroid disease to certain types of cancers.
The latest study was recently published by the Endocrine Society, which found that women who had higher levels of PFAS chemicals in their blood also experienced menopause an average of two years earlier than women who had lower levels.
This has implications for one’s overall health; early menopause can lead to heart and bone health issues, as well as an overall decrease in quality of life.
PFAS are called ‘forever’ chemicals because they do not break down in the body, where they will accumulate over time. Many people are exposed to these chemicals from drinking water — the Endocrine Society says that around 110 million Americans may be exposed to these chemicals in their tap water. The contaminants may come from a variety of sources, including the foams used to fight fires and things like nonstick cooking pans.
In May 2016, the EPA published a document [PDF] detailing sources of exposure to these synthetic chemicals, stating that ‘major’ ones include drinking water, food, as well as many consumer products like water repellants, flame repellants, certain food containers, contact paper, and more.
Avoiding these chemicals is tricky, unfortunately. Earlier this year, a study found that while some water filters can remove these substances, the most common types like activated carbon filters were less effective and certain options — namely whole-home water filtering systems — were found to potentially increase exposure to these chemicals.
The most recent study’s lead author Ning Ding, Ph.D., MPH, explained:
PFAS are everywhere. Once they enter the body, they don’t break down and build up over time. Because of their persistence in humans and potentially detrimental effects on ovarian function, it is important to raise awareness of this issue and reduce exposure to these chemicals.
This content was originally published here.


The project provides an access to cultural heritage of historic cartographic and statistical data and scientific texts to a broad community of users, allows the application of research results in education which is based on understanding of national and regional identity and culture. It uses GIS and the internet to present bilingually (in Czech and English) historical development of regions in the Czech Republic aiming at wide target groups of students, experts, compatriotic societies and in teaching of Bohemian studies and demographic, historic, politic and geographic contexts of development of Czech population in the period from the establishment of Czechoslovakia to the present. It thus contributes to a systematic and efficient use of modern technologies in social sciences in educational process in the Czech Republic as well as on a global scale and strengthens the awareness of Czech history within the international community. The aim of project is the disclosure of historic and statistical data in GIS environment. This requires digitization of state, regional and districts borders, as they existed in the years1921-2011, for the present territory of the Czech Republic and cadastral areas in Prague. Files in shp format will enable statistical and cartographic analyses of historical data using GIS tools. The statistical database will be loaded with the data of all previous population censuses on the district level and on the level of cadastres in Prague. Historical population trends and development of ethnic, linguistic, demographic and social structure of the Czech population in the period 1921-2011 will be presented in the form of specialized maps, Historical atlas of population and exhibition and will constitute an important basis of the decision-making process of the state and regional authorities. A further objective is application of project results at all levels of education, presentation at international conferences and scientific publications.
The aim of project is the disclosure of historic and statistical data in GIS environment.


Biodiversity Project: Bird Feeders
This project is a combination of Goal 13 – Climate Action and Goal 15 - Life on land. As an all living loving school, Biodiversity is always an ongoing subject. Despite showing the interest in noticing all the different creatures we find around our school, we decided to focus on birds.
One of the most affected species by climate change are birds. Cyprus hosts a few million birds twice per year as they migrate across the globe. Specifically, Larnaca has several different habitats that attracts several types of birds, making it an important stopping point during Spring and Autumn. Migrating birds are responding to the effects of climate change by arriving at their breeding grounds earlier as global temperatures rise, research has found. The University of Edinburgh study, which looked at hundreds of species across five continents, found that birds are reaching their summer breeding grounds on average about one day earlier per degree of increasing global temperature. The main reason birds take flight is changing seasonal temperatures and food availability. The time they reach their summer breeding grounds is significant, because arriving at the wrong time, even by a few days, may cause them to miss out on vital resources such as food and nesting places. This in turn affects the timing of offspring hatching and their chances of survival.
Therefore in order to help our little friends we are preparing bird feeders for our visiting birds. We cant wait to put them up!
‘’Today, more than ever before, life must be characterized by a sense of Universal responsibility, not only nation to nation and human to human, but also human to other forms of life’’ - Dalai Lama


Damage to trees from extended drought can happen over a period of years and includes stunted growth, canopy die-back, and possible death of a tree. Trees can take up to three years after a drought to show symptoms. A sign of extended drought is canopy dieback, which can be directly correlated to the loss of tiny absorption roots. During the hottest and driest months of the summer, the fine roots in the upper portion of the soil begin to die causing an imbalance between the amount of absorption roots and the above ground canopy. If and when rain does present itself, trees may not be able to take full advantage due to the fine root loss. The result is a decline of the canopy through branch die-back. If drought persists for multiple consecutive growing seasons trees may not be able to recover and can ultimately lead to death.
Pest problems are another side effect that can be associated with long-term drought. Wood boring insects, such as Ambrosia Beetles and Pine Bark beetles prefer weakened trees and actually seek out weakened trees. As trees become weakened from drought, these pests invade rapidly.
Some pests such as Crape Myrtle bark scale, Gloomy scale, spider mites and aphids tend to cause more damage to trees during long periods of hot and dry weather.
To reduce the effects of long term drought on trees:
- Install a 2-4″ layer of shredded hardwood mulch to conserve water, keep soil temperatures cool
- Install mulch from the trunk to the dripline keeping the mulch approx 6 inches from the base of the tree
- Water slowly to allow for absorption and prevent runoff
- Infrequent, deep watering promotes deeper roots and increases drought tolerance
- Install a drip irrigation system or use soaker hoses


If you are working on some confidential file and you want it to be protected from the outsiders then the best way is to protect it by applying the password to the folder. Unauthorized users cannot have any access to read, delete or modify your data files without your permission.
There are several methods to apply password protection to the folders, among these, the third party software is one method of protection but it is very complex. Here is a simple method which helps you to learn how to password protect a folder in windows 7.
Steps to Password Protect A folder in Windows 7
Step 1: Select the folder you want to password protect, then, right click the folder and open “Add to archive…” option.
Step 2: “Archive name and parameters” window will appear on the screen. Select “Advanced” tab and click “Set password…” button.
It will ask you to enter the password.
Step 3: Now “Archiving with password” window will appear. Choose the password and enter it in a password field.
Windows will ask you to re-enter the password for verification. Check the “Encrypt file names” box and then click “OK”.
Step 4: Click on WinRAR file, it may ask you for the password.
Step 5: Enter the password for the encrypted file and click “OK”.
Step 6: Once you entered the password, you will find the WinRAR file.
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Simple maths is the keyness score used in Sketch Engine to identify keywords, terms, key n-grams and key word sketch collocations. Simple maths compares the frequencies in the focus corpus with the frequencies in the reference corpus. Alternatively, two subcorpora in the same corpus or in different corpora can be used.
The N value makes the score prefer more frequent or less frequent items.
A higher N value shifts to focus on higher-frequency words (more common words), whereas a lower N value focusses on low-frequency (rarer words). The value should be changed in orders of magnitude, i.e. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 etc. Smaller changes rarely produce any noticeable effect.
The statistics is a variation on “word W is so-and-so times more frequent in corpus X than corpus Y”. The formula is:
is the normalized (per million) frequency of the word in the focus corpus,
is the normalized (per million) frequency of the word in the reference corpus,
is the smoothing parameter ( is the default value).
Your focus corpus (BNC): 112,289,776 tokens
Frequency of the lemma (shard) in the corpus: 35
Selected reference corpus (ukWaC): 1,559,716,979 tokens
Frequency of the lemma (shard) in the corpus: 263
For more details see:
Adam Kilgarriff. Simple maths for keywords. In Proceedings of Corpus Linguistics Conference CL2009, Mahlberg, M., González-Díaz, V. & Smith, C. (eds.), University of Liverpool, UK, July 2009.
Statistic used in Sketch Engine (Chapter 5). Lexical Computing Ltd., 8 July 2015.


Sleep the Toxins Away
Deep sleep is nowadays recognized as a potential regulator of brain waste removal. Boosting sleep has proven to clear protein deposits that hallmark Alzheimer’s disease. Daniela Noain and Christian Baumann from the Neurology Department at the University Hospital Zurich wondered if deep sleep could also alleviate the accumulation of alpha-synuclein, a protein that is associated with the pathology of Parkinson’s disease.
The researchers administered a deep sleep-inducing drug for four months in animal models of Parkinson’s disease with synuclein pathology. In one of the models, they additionally tested whether sleep deprivation would, on the contrary, worsen the brain pathology. To understand the mechanisms behind the pathology, Noain and her colleagues explored a myriad of molecular pathways potentially mediating sleep-triggered neuroprotection. They found that the brains from Parkinson’s mice that underwent deep sleep enhancement were less burdened with toxic alpha-synuclein deposits. In fact, the pathology lowered to the level of healthy individuals. Sleep deprivation, on the other side, worsened the brain pathology dramatically. The brain waste removal process along other neuroprotective mechanisms appeared to be boosted after deep sleep enhancement.
The ultimate goal of this preclinical research is to find therapeutic alternatives to counteract the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein deposition, such as Parkinson’s disease. Although studies in human subjects will have to explore the feasibility and efficacy of the approach in clinical populations, these encouraging results open new disease-modifying research avenues for Parkinson’s patients.
By: Daniela Noain, Neurology Department, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich.
Reference: Morawska, M.M., Moreira, C.G., Ginde, V.R., Valko, P.O., Weiss, T., Büchele, F., Imbach, L.L., Masneuf, S., Kollarik, S., Prymaczok, N., Gerez, J.A., Riek, R., Baumann, C.R., Noain, D. Slow-wave sleep affects synucleinopathy and regulates proteostatic processes in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease. Sci Transl Med (2021).
Other useful links
Article on Alzforum.org


Present Simple & Present Continuous
To provide practice of Present simple and present continuous tenses in various functions
To provide various contexts that students can make use of the target grammarhttps://www.englishlessonplanner.com/plans/55016/edit#
Procedure (45-59 minutes)
I will ask students what they can remember about these two forms.
Students will go thorugh the sentences from the text in the exercises a and b on page 13. They will match the functions with the forms given in the sentences.
I will tell students that the day's topic is these two forms. Teacher will tell students to underline the sentences inlcude these forms.
I will explain the functions and the situations they can use these forms in detail, on page 132.
I will let students do the grammar exercises on page 133 and see if they need to practice more/more explanation based on the result of these exercises.
I will have students play Kahoot to practise more these forms and see if they miss any points about the topic.
Students will play a guessing game. There will be faced-down cards in which some presents simple/present continuous sentences are given. Students will play in groups of 3-4. Each student will draw a card from the card pack and will paraphrase the sentences using the sentence in that card. For example, the card reads "I have dinner with my famiy every evening", and the student will say "I eat food with my family everyday; sometimes it is lunch, sometimes it is, breakfast, and sometimes it is...". The other students will try to say the sentence on the card.


Various automobile components function to transfer the power generated by the engine to the wheels. A driveshaft is one of them. Also known as a propeller shaft, it is a rod-like part of the drivetrain and connects its different components, namely, transmission, axles, and differential with one another. The main function of the driveshaft is to convey the engine's rotational power from the transmission to the axles of the wheel.
Driveshafts are commonly found in rear-wheel or four-wheel drive vehicles because the transmission and axle are situated in separate areas in these vehicles, requiring a driveshaft to connect the parts and transmit power. Since driveshaft works by rotating at high speed and torque over long distances, joints, splines, and couplings are incorporated in driveshaft assembly to provide flexibility and stress-bearing ability.
Here are some of the symptoms that appear when a driveshaft fails or gets damaged:
The driver may experience unusual and strong vibrations originating from under the vehicle.
It is the most prominent sign of a damaged driveshaft. The chief reason for these vibrations is damaged or loose universal joints and bushings. Another possible reason for the vibrations is an unbalanced driveshaft.
There is a limitation in steering or turning the vehicle.
A failing universal joint is unable to deliver the required amount of torque and makes turning the vehicle difficult by adding more resistance. This causes trouble controlling the vehicle when driving and is a safety concern.
The vehicle produces unusual noises.
These abnormal sounds range from squeaking, clanking, rattling, or knocking. The bearings that support the driveshaft joints wear off and prevent the joints from rotating properly, resulting in abnormal sounds.
Accelerating the vehicle causes it to shake or shudder.
A damaged universal joint or central bearing sends a shudder or shake when the vehicle is accelerated from the stop or low-speed position. This finding often coincides with a strange sound, confirming a faulty driveshaft.
Visit Our Auto Repair Shop for Driveshaft Repair
A faultless driveshaft is essential for safe and optimal vehicle operations, and any damage in it can spell disaster for the vehicle. It is important to consult a professional mechanic who can inspect the driveshaft assembly and perform necessary repairs. If you need driveshaft repair, give our auto repair shop a call today!


Ancestry-specific variation in Rogers' method of sex estimation
biological ancestry, sex estimation
Rogers’ (1999, 2009) visual method is a technique for estimating skeletal sex based on four traits of the distal humerus, and is valuable in cases of commingled or fragmented remains when use of more dominant cranial and pelvic methods is not possible. However, Rogers’ initial accuracy of 92% has not been replicated by subsequent tests of the method, and the role of biological ancestry in the accuracy of this method has not been sufficiently addressed. I conducted a blind test of the method on a sample of nineteenth-century American black and white individuals from the Hamann-Todd Collection. This test resulted in an overall accuracy of 67%, ranging from 54–73% between the two groups. These results demonstrate that accurate estimation of sex using the method is two times more likely for a white individual than for an black individual. More research is required to understand the cause of this variation. Prior to applying this method in bioarchaeological and forensic contexts, future should consider these results that the method is not consistently accurate across all human populations.
Presented on April 23, 2018 at Student Research Day held at MacEwan University in Edmonton, Alberta.
All Rights Reserved


Ave Caesar Morituri te Salutant is an 1859 history oil on canvas painting in the Academic style by French artist and sculptor Jean-Léon Gérôme. It is located in the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut.
Ave Caesar Morituri te Salutant Analysis
This is a classicist painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme which drew great attention upon its appearance at the Parisian Salon.
As well as constituting a personal success, the painting likely contributed to a broad European fascination with the Roman world, particularly the gladiatorial arena. For what we are witnessing is the moment when a group of gladiators — arena fighters, here depicted in an imaginary Colosseum — present before the sitting emperor to give their salutes.
The particular phrase of the title is derived from a single passage in Suetonius, in which Gérôme exchanged the word “Imperator” for “Caesar”. It should be noted that the emperor depicted, a particularly portly Vitellius, sitting to the right of a group of Vestal Virgins, did not live to see the Colosseum itself inaugurated.
The vision derives from Gérôme’s lifelong studies of Roman matters and his many visits to Italy. He had seen the Colosseum for the first time in 1849, the year when his interest in ancient arms and contemporary archaeology begins.
In the scene of Ave Caesar, the fresh group of fighters uplifting their arms in salutation to the monarch is equipped with a mixture of helmets, shields, gladia, and tridents. All around, dead or injured fighters from the preceding match are lying while arena aides are dragging some of them away by means of ropes. The venue of this popular public amusement is brimming with spectators.
Ave Caesar Morituri te Salutant Location
This work can be found in the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut.


Knowledge is generally divided into two categories: explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is easily verifiable and can be expressed in statements that are true or false.
Tacit knowledge, on the other hand, is knowledge that cannot be expressed in words and is gained through experience.
Additionally, there are other types of knowledge such as declarative, procedural, a posteriori, a priori, dispersed, and domain knowledge.
See more results on Neeva
Summaries from the best pages on the web
Knowledge management is a process that involves understanding the different types of knowledge that shape our understanding of the world. There are 7 core types of knowledge, including explicit, implicit, tacit, procedural, declarative, posteriori, and priori knowledge. When creating a knowledge management strategy, it is important to consider the different types of knowledge and how they can be used to make better decisions, save time, and maintain an increase in performance.
The 7 Types of Knowledge: Definitions, Examples & More - get Guru
Knowledge management is essential for an organization's success, and understanding the different types of knowledge is essential for building a successful knowledge management plan. Explicit knowledge is easy to share and understand, while implicit knowledge is gained through experience and can be captured and transmitted. Declarative knowledge is a more complex form of knowledge that is learned through experience and can be used to document and transfer knowledge, while procedural knowledge is a form of knowledge that is used to document and transfer knowledge.
7 Types of Knowledge: Explicit, Implicit, Tacit, & More
You should if you are interested in knowing how to close knowledge-based performance gaps in any area of life. According to Krathwohl (2002), knowledge can be categorized into four types: …
4 Types of Knowledge – LearningStrategist
By making your declarative knowledge easier to digest, the likelihood of knowledge retention, recall, and engagement among your employees also increases. 5. Procedural knowledge Procedural knowledge is a know-how type…
10 Types of Knowledge | EdApp Microlearning


Education and Finance
Private Tuition and Coaching
Technical and Vocational
Author - Ratan Kumar Sarkar
10 Benefits of Play in Early Childhood Development
Early Childhood Experiences, Lifelong Health and Learning and Brain Development
Focusing on Education: Importance and Necessity
Educational Crisis: Challenges and Way Forward
Primary Education: The Post-Pandemic Challenges and Way Forward
The Global Knowledge Index: Bangladesh Gets the Lowest in South Asia
The Education Reform: Learning from Vietnam Example
How can the Community be Motivated?
How Can the Community Participate in Monitoring?
The responsibility of the School Management Committee and Parents
The Guest Teacher: The Interesting Character for Building Dreams of the Young Learners
Community: The Primary Stakeholder of Education
Education Management: The Way to Enhance Human Resources
Primary Education in Bangladesh Context: How a Teacher Would be Motivated?
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Swift processing and sustainability has become an integral part of technological services.
Systems have become complex and so is the need of a quality testing and assurance in order to assure least gaps and cost effectiveness to increase RoI.
We incline on using latest tools through Automation Testing and other faculties of testing like functional, system integrated, user acceptance, system interface, volumetric, usability, performance, application security, configuration and mobility testing.
Agile Process is a very empowering framework that helps companies design and build the right product. It is the universal remedy for software development. Software applications developed through the Agile process have three times the success rate of the traditional Waterfall method and a much lower percentage of time & cost overruns.The process is very beneficial for software companies too because it helps them analyze and improve their product throughout its development. This enables companies to produce a highly valuable product so they stay competitive in the market.
Waterfall Model is a linear approach of project development in which the requirements are gathered at the beginning of the project. After that, a step-by-step plan is laid out to accommodate those requirements. It is one of the oldest and most traditional forms of software development, where the plan is usually divided between five to seven phases. A rule of waterfall approach is that after a phase in the development cycle is complete, the team will move onto the next phase. In no circumstances, the team will make changes in any of the previously completed phases.
RAD or Rapid Action Development Model is used to quickly develop and deliver working parts of a project thus enabling a fast feedback mechanism. This method is generally adopted when there is a requirement to deliver the project within a narrow timeline. Quick initial reviews, reduction in development time, and encouragement in customer feedback are the reasons for its popularity.


Exploring SecOps Tools: Network Packet Manipulation Using Wireshark
SecOps | Intermediate
- 10 videos | 59m 19s
- Includes Assessment
- Earns a Badge
The ability to conceptualize a network's structure, capabilities, and events is essential to protecting it. In this course, you'll explore the Wireshark network protocol analyzer and its concepts and capabilities, which can be used to identify and visualize your network components. Discover common scenarios in which to use Wireshark and potential limitations of the Wireshark utility. Explore how to download and install Wireshark and how to perform basic network traffic filtering. Finally, discover how to create a baseline for monitoring, firewall rules, and how to monitor traffic remotely using Wireshark.
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
discover the key concepts covered in this courseprovide an overview of Wireshark, its intended purposes, and featuresoutline common scenarios in when Wireshark might be usedoutline potential limitations of the Wireshark utilitydemonstrate how to download and install Wireshark
demonstrate how to perform network traffic filtering using Wiresharkdemonstrate how to create a baseline using Wiresharkdemonstrate how to create firewall rules using Wiresharkdemonstrate how to monitor traffic remotely using Wiresharksummarize the key concepts covered in this course
IN THIS COURSE
EARN A DIGITAL BADGE WHEN YOU COMPLETE THIS COURSE
Skillsoft is providing you the opportunity to earn a digital badge upon successful completion on some of our courses, which can be shared on any social network or business platform.Digital badges are yours to keep, forever.
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Your baby will send you different types of cues when he is ready for you to pay attention to him, such as:
- various types of cries;
- facial expressions (such as, quivering lips and furrowed eyebrows);
- making or avoiding eye contact; and
- gestures (such as, putting his hands up).
Your baby's cues are signals for you to relate in a number of different ways, such as:
- body contact;
- facial expressions;
- singing; and
If your baby is feeling hurt, sick, upset, sad, frightened or lonely:
- comfort and reassure her by holding, kissing, and talking quietly and calmly;
- focus on her needs;
- do not make light of his feelings; and
- do not become annoyed.
You can make your child feel loved and safe by paying special attention to her when caring for her daily physical needs:
- feeding (for example, holding your baby comfortably, looking at your baby face-to-face);
- diapering and dressing (for example, using lots of one-to-one interaction through talking, singing, smiling, labeling body parts and clothing, and games like peek-a-boo);
- sleeping (for example, singing a pre-nap song, telling a poem or story, holding and rocking your baby); and
- bathing (for example, using lots of talking about body parts being washed, gently drying off your baby).
It is normal for babies and little children to be anxious when you leave, because they do not totally understand that you will return soon.
Separations can be made easier by:
- Never sneaking out without saying goodbye - have a pleasant ritual around leaving (such as, hugs and kisses, and smile and be sure to say that you will be back soon);
- Leaving your child with a caregiver who is patient, loving and responsive even if your child experiences signs of distress;
- Asking your caregiver to arrive 15 to 30 minutes before you plan to leave so she can get involved with your child while you are still home; and
- Offering your child an object that helps to make him feel secure while you are away (for example, a favourite toy or blanket).


China’s fossil fuel emissions fall for the second year running
China witnessed a historic fall in CO2 emissions in 2015 as its coal use fell for the second year in a row, according to newly released government data.
Fossil fuelled carbon emissions likely fell by a mighty 2.3% last year, following 0.8% drop in 2014 — which was the first year that had ever happened.
What’s behind this groundbreaking downturn?
The fall of coal, of course.
China burned less than 4 billion tonnes of raw coal for the first time in five years, with last year’s 3.7% reduction following a 2.9% fall in 2014.
As an Unearthed analysis recently revealed, coal use around the world is dropping at a record-breaking rate as commodity markets are tanking, renewable energy is rising and energy demand growth is slowing.
But the story of coal’s fall is particularly stark in China, where it fuelled the country’s stratospheric economic rise — and created the deadly air pollution crisis with which Beijing is still grappling.
These stats come just weeks after the Chinese government announced its intention to close more than a thousand coal mines across the country and enforce a moratorium on new ones until 2019.
China is also looking to cull 1.8 million jobs in its coal and steel sectors.
For reference, the UK has fewer than 25,000 coal and steel workers.
Climate change targets
Meanwhile China’s wind and solar capacity enjoyed a record-breaking year for all the right reasons, growing by 34% and 74% respectively.
For the first time ever, these two renewables covered the country’s entire electricity demand growth.
This trend gives credence to recent claims made by China’s climate envoy that the country will easily meet its 2020 target.
It will be interesting to see how these developments are reflected in next month’s highly-anticipated Five Year Plan.
Calculations by Lauri Myllyvirta


Breastfeeding Health for Baby Teeth
At Origin Dental Wellness, we have the privilege to work with a lot of young families. The joy in this is that we see a lot of Moms and Dads who are genuinely engaged in the well-being of their children. They are often constantly educating themselves on the best nutrition and resources to keep their families healthy. It is rare for a day to go by that we don’t see at least one family with multiple children. What a privilege to be part of their care!
With this privilege also comes the responsibility to share with parents about the relationship between breastfeeding and health of the teeth. Breastfeeding is a wonderful choice for most families, giving baby immunity and health benefits for a lifetime. However, what we have found that many families are not aware of, is that breast milk has sugar in it. And this sugar can decay teeth!
We see many children around the age of 18-24 months after Mom has noticed that the front teeth have yellow or brown spots on them. Some are familiar with baby bottle tooth decay, but not many are aware of breast milk tooth decay. Baby bottle tooth decay occurs when the teeth are exposed to frequent and long-term contact with sugar in liquids. It is often associated with putting a baby to bed with a bottle of milk or formula. The baby falls asleep with the sugary liquid resting in the mouth. Because the first baby tooth often erupts around the age of six months, one to two years later, cavities will begin to be apparent.
Unfortunately, the same thing occurs with breastfed babies who are nursed throughout the night. Breast milk contains the sugar lactose. There are 17 grams of lactose in one cup of human breast milk. This corresponds to 4 ½ teaspoons of sugar in eight ounces of milk. That is a lot of sugar! If this sugar is allowed to soak in the teeth throughout the night, cavities will develop. Treating these cavities can be stressful for a Mom and Dad because it usually involves sedation.
The best advice we can give breastfeeding families is to not allow baby to fall asleep while breastfeeding at night once the baby teeth have erupted. This gives the baby an opportunity to swallow all of the milk and not allow it to soak on the teeth, softening the enamel of those sweet little pearls! We love baby teeth and want to keep them strong!