Drukpa Tshe-zi is an auspicious occasion for all Buddhists around the world. Being one of the most important Buddhist events, the government of Sikkim celebrates the day by observing a bank holiday. Drukpa Tshe-zi falls on the fourth day, called Tshe-zi, of the sixth month, called Drukpa, of the Tibetan lunar calendar and hence the name, Drukpa Tshe-zi.
The occasion is significant for Buddhists as it is the day when Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon on the Four Noble Truths at the Deer Park in Sarnath, about 2,500 years ago. After attaining enlightenment, the Buddha preached to his first five disciples – Anjanata Kaudinya, Ashwajit, Waspa, Pradraika and Mahanama.
As the story goes, the Buddha, after enlightenment, set out to teach for the first time. A thousand thrones appeared before him. After circumambulating the first three thrones, Lord Buddha sat on the fourth throne in cross-legged posture. Thousands of devotees appeared where Buddha sat to listen to his preaching.
On the morning of Drukpa Tshe-zi, the Buddha did not speak at all. He remained silent which gave the devotees time to clear their minds. During the afternoon the Buddha spoke and discussed various topics. This is when he spoke of the Four Noble Truths, which contain the essence of the Buddha’s teachings.
- First was the truth about the cause of suffering known as suffering.
- The second was Truth Of The Origin Of Suffering called Samudaya.
- Then came the third truth which was the truth of cessation of suffering called Nirudha.
- And the fourth truth was Truth Of The Path which ended the suffering called Marga. This led to Marga Nirvana. The Four Truths indicate the journey that humans go through before reaching Nirvana, which is a combination of inner peace, joy and compassion.
To celebrate this day, the Sikkim government declared it as a bank holiday in the state. On this day, prayers and religious ceremonies are held in monasteries across the state. Devotees and pilgrims pray to Lord Buddha and light butter lamps for the welfare of sentient beings.
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In a bid to put TB infection to an end, WHO has called for global solidarity and action.
On May 19, 2014, the 67th World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted WHO's "Global strategy and targets for tuberculosis prevention, care and control after 2015". This post-2015 global tuberculosis strategy, labeled the End TB Strategy, was shaped during the past two years.
A wide range of stakeholders-from ministries of health and national tuberculosis programmes to technical and scientific institutions, financial and development partners, civil society and health activists, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector-contributed to its development. The strategy has a vision of making the world free of tuberculosis, with zero deaths, disease, and suffering due to the disease.
In this viewpoint, Dr. Mukund Uplekar from the WHO, and colleagues, outline how achievements in TB control over the past two decades can provide the basis for further progress, and how ending the tuberculosis epidemic is an important health and development goal, achievable in the foreseeable future. This goal can be realised over the next two decades, the authors assert, through optimizing implementation of current tools and approaches, addressing social determinants of TB through universal health coverage and social protection, and investing in research and development adequately to secure and employ new tools of elimination.
Latest Respiratory Disease News
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there was a notable increase in infections caused by human metapneumovirus (HMPV), an emerging threat.
The new cell culture technology platform allows researchers to react to the next pandemic with much more speed and precision.
A new artificial intelligence-enabled chest imaging technology performs a deep characterization of the pulmonary vasculature to detect pulmonary (arterial) hypertension.
The global climate crisis is stimulating heat waves to become more frequent causing distress to people with asthma, say experts.
A new study reveals vitamin D3 supplements have encouraging effects for asthma patients. Vitamin D has a positive effect on immune response.


A strong immune system is vital, not only during this unique time in history due to the threat of coronavirus, but all the time. Even after this crisis passes, there will always be viruses out there that a healthy immune system has a better chance of fighting off.
Here are five ways to supercharge your immune system.
You may need to carry some gum or use mouthwash a bit more often, but garlic is a proven immune booster. Heat, however, takes away some of those benefits, so add it just before serving if you’re cooking with it, or it can be added cold to a salad dressing.
Our bodies do not function properly if they cannot be adequately recharged in the form of a good night’s sleep. Sleep deprivation not only hurts your immune system, but it makes the body take longer to recover from viruses once you catch one.
Regular exercise (even if it’s just a low-intensity activity like walking for 30 minutes) allows white blood cells to circulate more rapidly in the body. This gives your immune system a better chance of detecting and fighting bugs quickly. Another benefit of regular exercise is that it helps your sleep better.
Soak Up the Sun
The sun’s rays not only provide a natural source of vitamin D, but this study found that exposure to sunlight energizes T-cells in the body that help our immune system.
A glass or two is okay, but heavy drinking (especially over time) will do a number on your immune system and even leave you prone to lung infections.


If you enjoy having a nice green lawn but worry it doesn’t lend itself to a green lifestyle, have no fear. You don’t have to sacrifice an attractive yard to help the environment.
Leave the Leaves
Instead of raking them, mulch them by mowing over them. Not only does this save on removal costs and unsightly decomposing piles, but it also ensures the nutrients in those leaves return to the ground and the trees that made them.
Say No To Pesticides
When you use pesticides you’re not just getting rid of aphids and invasive beetles, you’re harming local pollinators. Mixing 4 cups of water with 1 tablespoon of dish soap and then spraying the mixture directly on the problem pests will eradicate them while leaving the helpful fauna unpoisoned.
Weed Out Weed Spray
If you have something like a prickly thistle menacing the bare feet of you and your family, try removing it by hand. But being at peace with indigenous plant life and letting things like dandelions take root will help your local pollinators such as butterflies, moths and bees. If you want to give them an extra boost, try planting a bed of meadow flowers and grasses indigenous to your area.
If you’ve had construction recently with a lot of heavy machinery or people walking through, the ground is probably hard and compact and stressing out your lawn. Before breaking out the chemical-laden fertilizer and non-indigenous seeds, you should try aeration Fairfax Station VA as it may be the only boost your grass needs. Speaking of fertilizer…
It may be marketed as plant food, and therefore more might seem merrier, but overdoing it can have disastrous effects. Too much fertilizer not only harms your lawn by depleting oxygen in the soil but can contaminate groundwater. It can also be toxic to people and pets walking on your lawn as well as local flora.
Even just one of these steps will give a boost to your local ecosystem—not to mention save you time and money.


The idea that sedimentary basins can be compressed and uplifted – inverted – was born as early as the 1920s. However, the interest in inversion tectonics peaked in the late 1980s as documented, for instance, by a 1987 Tectonophysics special issue and a 1989 Geol. Soc. London book that soon became classics. Today few people will consider inversion tectonics a topic at the forefront of geoscience. This is not to say that nothing new can be learned about this phenomenon. Even the enormous variety of associated structures has probably not been exhaustively described and understood. The kinematics of inversion structures is particularly complex, and their mechanics a matter of debate. For instance, modelling studies have been used to suggest that reverse reactivation of normal faults can only occur in transpression, whereas studies from geologically recent cases with well-constrained stress fields do not necessarily support this observation. Inversion tectonics can coexist with or be superimposed on long-wavelength uplift that may or may not reflect a different set of processes altogether. We invite contributions dealing with all aspects of inversion tectonics from architecture over kinematics to dynamics and from field- or seismics-based case studies to analogue and numerical simulations, including also response of depositional systems to active inversion tectonics. New hypotheses challenging common wisdom are especially welcome.


1 She had shown her artistic intelligence in selecting a type so like her own that she could embody the person represented without ceasing to be herself.
2 The very ideal of ignominy was embodied and made manifest in this contrivance of wood and iron.
The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel HawthorneContext Highlight In II. THE MARKET-PLACE
3 The objects that had made a shadow hitherto, embodied the brightness now.
The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel HawthorneContext Highlight In XVIII. A FLOOD OF SUNSHINE
4 She was like Hope embodied, to me.
5 Her sombre violence constrained him: she seemed the embodied instrument of fate.
6 Carol thought she heard a grunt from the traveling salesman at the end of the table, and Kennicott's jerking elbow was a grunt embodied.
7 some of whose features are also embodied in this.
Return of the Native By Thomas HardyContext Highlight In BOOK 1: 5 Perplexity among Honest People
8 The lineaments which will get embodied in ideals based upon this new recognition will probably be akin to those of Yeobright.
Return of the Native By Thomas HardyContext Highlight In BOOK 3: 1 "My Mind to Me a Kingdom Is"
9 But whether the sorrow was too vast to be embodied in music, or music too ethereal to uplift a mortal woe, he soon discovered that the Requiem was beyond him just at present.
10 In the words which you have been good enough to utter," said Chichikov with a bow, "there is embodied much justice.
11 Nothing suited his condition then better than the doctrines of passive submission embodied in the newly learned Christianity.
12 She knew that her mother was the embodiment of justice, truth, loving tenderness and profound wisdom--a great lady.
13 His own person was the exact embodiment of his utilitarian character.
14 As it seemed to me at the time, such a grand embodiment of adoration of the gods was never beheld, even in Persia, the home of the fire worshippers.
15 Many of them were delicious in the role; one of them was the embodiment of every womanly grace and charm.


- Basic XOR
- About the Key Space
- Common Secret Key Algorithms
- Security Services of Secret Key Encryption
- Secret Key Cryptography and Nonrepudiation
- Origin Authenticity
- Data Integrity
Security Services of Secret Key Encryption
Secret key encryption can be used to achieve data confidentiality, data integrity, and origin authenticity.
Using a secret key algorithm to encipher a data content allows entities with the right secret key only to decrypt and retrieve the original form of the disguised data. Reliability of the confidentiality service afforded by secret key cryptography depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm, and, more importantly, is dependent upon the length of the key used. Recall that the key length directly affects the size of the corresponding key space. A longer lifetime of a secret key also may contribute to diminishing the assurance in its use for a confidentiality service. The longer a key is used the more likely an exhaustive key search attack will succeed. Most modern security protocols make use of secret keys that remain valid for the lifetime of a particular communications session only.
A confidentiality service enabled through a computationally secure cryptographic algorithm allows users to transmit private information over open networks. Similarly such information can be stored in accessible media without concerned for compromise. Computationally the cost of data confidentiality depends upon the encryption algorithm used and is evidently proportionate to the size of data to be enciphered.


As the world is transitioning to green manufacturing and facing campaigns on climate change, countries are pushing harder to meet the demands to build a green environment while limiting carbon production. This initiative does not come at a cheap price. This dramatic shift leads to greenflation – the rise of price materials to create renewable technologies.
What is greenflation?
Greenflation is the unintended by product of the creation process ofe a greener economy. This includes the rise of minerals and metal prices, such as copper and aluminum, which are essential parts of solar power, electric cars, and other forms of renewable technologies.
What are the impacts of greenflation on manufacturing?
- Increasing prices
The result of green manufacturing is the rise of sustained prices across the global supply chain. From raw materials to green technologies – these are the driving forces of price increases as a part of the effort to cut down carbon emissions.
- Commodities boom in minerals
Most green manufacturing technologies need an incredible amount of minerals and metals. Electric vehicle, for instance, uses six times more minerals than traditional cars. Wind turbines and solar power – all of these green technologies need a high concentration of minerals such as aluminum, copper, and lithium. The increasing demand for these materials is part of the greenflation.
- More fossil fuels consumption
During the transition period, more oil consumption is inevitable. However, the regulations have not yet been settled for fossil fuels. The increase in oil price is not aligned with the investments in hydrocarbon.
- More challenges for businesses
The government policy towards sustainable production could be challenging for businesses to balance all of the considerations such as labor, public finances, technologies, and equity. These are part of the main constraints which could lead to more difficulties in balancing society, employers, customers, and many others.
There are consequences to building a greener environment. Government and its effort to build a green economy need to consider balancing the policies in the old and new economy while making the transition.
How does Indonesia face the greenflation challenge?
The country’s major concerns about the unintended result in natural resource consumption, and rapid growth in the economy, have led to the effort of utilizing science and technology to create a sustainable environment.
Indonesia’s government has so far taken the integrated approach to achieve sustainable development by taking a pivotal role in creating policies that can fund opportunities for green business investors, while ensuring the implementation of green growth activities.


Literature in Context: An Open Anthology of Literature, 1660-1830, is a web-accessible and mobile-friendly digital anthology of curated, contextualized, machine-readable literature in English designed for use by students, teachers, and the general public. Because we anticipate these pieces being used in the classroom, it is essential that the material be authoritative, citable, and printable--therefore, users can create custom coursepacks that live both online and in print.
At once an Open Educational Resource and a digital humanities project that seeks to bring to life the literature of the long eighteenth century, Literature in Context also provides resources to help instructors at the college level engage students in the task of editing and annotating literary texts that can be added to the collection. By including students in the production of the anthology, the project will foreground how the public construction of knowledge is essential to understanding the modern world.
Sponsored by funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities, and led by teams of scholars, students, and librarians at Marymount University and the University of Virginia, our goal is a platform for establishing authoritative, contextualized works that teachers and students can use with confidence. In this way, we hope to provide a tool for the thoughtful, collaborative editing and dissemination of our shared humanistic heritage.
Featured WorkThe Rover, or, The Banished Cavaliers by Behn, AphraSource: The Rover: or, the Banish't Cavaliers (London: Printed for John Amery, 1677)
As a born-digital platform crafted with the needs of the classroom in mind, Literature in Context offers teachers the ability to create custom mini-anthologies or coursepacks with ease. They can be housed online for persistent digital access, but also formatted for printing and simplicity of citation. In later build-outs, Literature in Context will enable multiple skins that enable a variety of reading experiences, and we also plan to incorporate annotation tools like hypothes.is to make collaborative reading possible.
Want to collaborate?
We are interested in collaborators at colleges and universities across the globe. If you're interested, please get in touch! On twitter, we're LIC_anthology, and on github we're LiteratureInContext. Send us an email at LIC.open.anthology at gmail.com.


Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect many of the body’s organs including the lungs and lymph nodes. Learn more about sarcoidosis including its symptoms and treatments
A granuloma is a tiny cluster of white blood cells and other tissue, and is found in the lungs, head, skin or elsewhere. Granulomas are not cancerous; they form as a reaction to, for example, infections or foreign objects.
Pneumothorax (known as collapsed lung) is a reasonably common condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall.
Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease where the tissue around the air sacs in the lungs becomes damaged, thickened and scarred. The condition leads to problems with breathing. Find out more.
Erythema nodosum is a skin condition consisting of a lumpy, red rash, usually on the lower legs, that can be painful. Learn more here.
Transverse myelitis is an uncommon inflammatory disease of the spinal cord. It can cause neurological (nerve), bladder and bowel problems.


Master Tech Ortho Surgery Elbow CH1
1 Exposures of the Upper Extremity: Humerus, Elbow, Forearm
●● The skin and subcutaneous tissue are incised exposing the brachial fascia, which is likewise incised. Beginning proximally, the medial margin of the deltoid is defined along with the cephalic vein. ●● The deltopectoral groove is developed by blunt and sharp dissection. ●● The deltoid is retracted laterally and the pectoralis major medially. This exposes the long head of the biceps tendon, and deep in the interval, the pectoralis major attachment to the proximal humerus is visualized. Note : The inferior humeral attachment of the pectoralis major is the proximal limit of the exposure. ●● The proximal margin of the pectoralis is retracted, exposing the circumflex vessels. Release of the attachment allows access to the proximal major attachment portion of the humeral shaft (Fig. 1A-3A and B). ●● Retracting the deltoid laterally and the pectoralis major medially allows ready access to the proxi- mal humeral shaft distal to the subscapularis muscle and lateral to the long head of the biceps tendon.
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Figma is a design and prototyping tool that has been embraced by developers and designers alike. It allows for easy collaboration, quick changes, and easy integration with other services. But one of the best features of Figma is its ability to break down designs into individual components.
Components are like building blocks that can be reused throughout the design process. This makes it incredibly easy to build complex designs quickly, without having to recreate individual parts from scratch. However, there may be times when you need to make a component not a component in Figma.
The first step is to select the component you want to make not a component. This can be done by either clicking on the component or by selecting it in the layers panel.
Once you have selected it, right click on it and select “Make Not A Component” from the menu that appears. This will turn your component into a single object that can no longer be used as a reusable building block.
When you need to make changes to this object, you can still do so normally as if it were any other object on the canvas. You will also notice that any changes you make to the object will no longer affect any other instances of this component which may exist on other pages or frames in your project.
Figma also allows you to make components not components even if they are part of a master component or library symbol. To do this, simply select the master component or library symbol and then right click on it and select “Make Not A Component” from the menu that appears. This will turn all of the elements inside of your master component or library symbol into single objects that cannot be reused as components anymore.
Making individual objects not components in Figma is an incredibly useful feature that allows designers more control over their designs without having to worry about breaking down complex designs into individual parts every time they need to update them. With just a few clicks, designers can quickly get back in control of their design process without having to start from scratch again.
Making components not components in Figma is a simple task that can save time and effort when creating complex designs with numerous elements. All it takes is selecting an object or master component, right clicking on it, and selecting “Make Not A Component” from the menu that appears. Doing so will turn all elements inside of your master component or library symbol into single objects that cannot be reused as components anymore.


Careers in the Curriculum
Which Careers Go With Which Subjects?
When thinking about choosing options, students may wish to look at which careers are possible if certain subjects are studied. Below are links to www.successatschool.org to help explore some of the subjects which we offer. Click on the image for more information. For other subjects not shown below, please click on this link.
To further support students, the materials which were provided during National Careers Week also have a wealth of information supporting careers in Maths, English, Science, History and Geography. The materials are Key Stage specific and have a wealth of information through links and video clips.
Choosing Subjects and Apprenticeships
For older students who considering a next steps path through Apprenticeships, below are the links to materials on the Amazing Apprenticeships website, to help explore possible routes based on the subjects studied at GCSE and A Level, which were made available during National Apprenticeships Week:
- Art and Design
- Business Studies
- Drama and Music
- Food Technology
The Subject Snapshot Bundle
Although this publication is published as a guide for teachers, it clearly sets out, subject by subject, the companies who run Apprenticeship programmes, as well as the types of roles available, with links to vacancies and case studies; it is definitely worth a look.
Please click on the image below to download this publication from the Amazing Apprenticeships website.


As an English as a Second Language teacher at Chicago’s Sullivan High School, Naomi Nakayama works with many refugee students who have come to the United States after years of disjointed or unavailable education. Refugee students take on the challenge of learning English while acquiring academic skills that many of their peers had the opportunity to master years before; often, refugee students also face unique social and psychological adjustments. Nakayama led “Dos and Don’ts with Refugee Students,” a roundtable discussion at CES’s 2002 Fall Forum and shared this summary of strategies and suggestions:
- Have high standards
- Be flexible
- Ask student questions about past, home countries, etc.
- Research student’s homeland (politics, educational system, language, etc.)
- Incorporate student’s experiences
- Share information pertinent to student’s
progress with colleagues
- Read picture books to class
- Use a variety of group configurations and
seating patterns to encourage conversation
- Assume literacy in the student’s native language
- Assume student is monolingual
- Assume students from the same country will automatically befriend each other
- Assume all school-related roles are the same
across cultures; expectations of teachers and
students can vary widely from place to place
- Assume students will quickly share personal
stories into lessons
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ website provides extensive background data and status updates for refugees worldwide, along with educational resources and news.
The Cultural Orientation Resource Center www.cal.org/corc
The Cultural Orientation Resource Center (CORC), funded by the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, focuses on refugee populations within the United States. The CORC website provides information about housing, community services, transportation, health, employment, and cultural adjustment in several Asian, European, African, and Middle Eastern languages along with guides for educators and others working with refugee populations.


Significance of Structural Engineering and Prefabricated Structures
Structural Engineering and Pre-Fabricated Structures are mainly used in office blocks, warehouses, and factory buildings. Structural Engineering is a branch of Civil Engineering, that deals with the bones and muscles of a building structure. A structural engineer can design the shape of a man-made design by means of its bones. Pre-Fabrication is the practice of manufacturing the components of a structure in a factory or manufacturing site, which transports the assemblies together to a site where the structure needs to be located. Pre-Fabricated structures are called sub-assemblies.
Let’s Talk About Structural Engineering
Structural Engineers need to understand the strength, stability, rigidity, and earthquake survival capacity of a building structure. Structural Engineering mainly focused on the framework of structures and designs those structures to withstand the pressure and stresses of the environment remain safe, stable, secure. Structural Engineering one of the oldest engineering divisions. People shed the leaves of tree branches and create a hut is the first structural engineering. Later they began to create complex structures with sophisticated and technologically advanced elements to create these structures. The transformation of men from tree hut to huge multi stored building. As well as the growth of structural Engineering.
Structural Engineering and Pre-Fabricated Structures
As the day passes and the new trend began to rule the structural engineering industry. Prefabricated structures are the key point in today’s structural designs. In the fast-moving world, everyone looks for much faster and reliable services. That the real function of Pre-fabricated structures. Really a fast construction mechanism. The pre-fabricated structures are manufactured somewhere in the warehouse, later assembled together to become the framework of a building structure.
In structural engineering, the need for prefabricated structures is meet by a PEB manufacturer. They manufacture these structures at the commercial level and supply all around. It is one of the best-suited inventories for structural engineering and satisfying the aesthetic structural design concepts. Basically, there are four types of structures. Frames, made of separate members, basically thin components. Shell, an enclosed object, it has contents. Solid or mass made entirely of matter. And finally, liquid or fluid that is the braking fluid that making the breaks.


The Convent Museum (Museo del Monasterio de las Conceptas) has a very non-descriptive entrance. Once you go through the doors, the size of the monastery is incredible, taking up almost an entire city block. The museum, founded in 1599, will enlighten you to the life and customs of the nuns in a monastery. They have life-size dioramas that show the daily life of the sisters. Almost, all of the rooms are set up as to their use back in the day. Hence, the collection of religious artifacts and art is fascinating.
Many of the girls entered the convent at a very young age. Therefore, the girls as young as twelve brought their favorite toys with them. The signage that explains each room and artifacts is also in English, so it makes it easy to learn about the lives of the nuns.
Not all parts of the convent are accessible. The convent is part of living history here in Cuenca as it is still in use as a convent. Today there are still cloistered nuns living in secluded places in the convent. Whereas the nuns only emerge to clean the museum after it has closed for the day. The sisters do make an ancient herbal drink called “agua de pitimas.” They sell this drink from a street side rotating wood window where long lines will form.
Informational signs in Spanish, English, and French direct you through dozens of rooms surrounding an open courtyard of the large convent building. Upstairs there is quite a display of religious art created by indigenous artisans who were trained by the Spanish in the 16th century.
The entrance fee was $2.50, and the museum entrance is on Hermano Miguel between Juan Jaramillo and Presidente Cordova. A little-known gem in the downtown area of Cuenca.
Another great place to visit the New Cathedral.
4 thoughts on “Convent Museum, Life in a Monastery, Cuenca Ecuador”
Awesome! Its genuinely amazing article.
Thanks Magaret. Glad you liked it.
I want to to thank you for this fantastic read!!
I certainly loved every little bit of it. I have got you saved as a favorite to
check out new stuff you post…
Glad you liked it Marlene. And we hope you return to read more.


How To Roast Walnuts - And What Makes Them Such a Healthy Snack!
by Denise Austin ||
I love to eat nuts, whether as a snack, scattered on top of a salad, tossed into some yogurt or oatmeal, or even as a coating for chicken and fish. And one of my FAVORITE nuts are walnuts - so let me show you how to roast walnuts!Walnuts are so good for you - they provide fiber, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals and more! Some of their benefits include:
- They promote heart health. Walnuts are a good source of antioxidants, which can help fight against damage cause by LDL "bad" cholesterol, as well as omega-3 fats, which can help to minimize the risk of heart disease. They also contain nutrients that can help to decrease inflammation, which is a root cause of heart disease. Eating walnuts can help to improve blood pressure and lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. So aim for 1 to 1.5 ounces of walnuts daily for your heart health!
- They promote healthy aging. Adding walnuts to your diet helps promote healthy gut flora, which can lead to a decreased risk of disease. They also can help to minimize inflammation, which is linked to Alzheimer's disease.
- They can help your weight-loss goals. While walnuts are calorie-dense, they are a unique food in that you may not absorb all their calories... almonds are another nut that can actually help you lose weight. Plus the healthy fats in walnuts can fill you up and help keep you from overeating.


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Many serious workplace accidents occur due to the manipulation of locks on safety doors in the machine guards that surround machinery. People working on and around machinery find clever ways of disengaging the locking mechanisms. They do this simply to make things easier for themselves while carrying out their work tasks without really seeing the risks it entails. At Axelent we have been working on lock solutions for preventing this in accordance with standard ISO14119.
Interlocking (door breaker)
A door breaker tells the machine if the safety door is open. This means that the door is monitored by the machine's system and sends a signal to the machine telling it whether it can run or not. The machine will only run if the door is firmly shut.
Guardlocking (door lock)
A door lock works in much the same way, by sending a signal, the difference being that the door is locked by a special key or locking device and cannot be opened until the machine is in safe mode.
Axelent has developed locks that work in combination with a door breaker or a door lock, such as our X-Lock and Hitch Lock.
A popular way of manipulating a lock is to unscrew and remove one of the parts of the breaker or lock. We have stopped this by using one-way screws. As the name implies, these screws can be screwed in but not unscrewed.
Ways of making safety doors quicker and easier to enter. Some locks can be manipulated to allow doors to remain open the whole time.
A handle on the inside of the safety door in the machine guards. If somebody gets stuck inside they can get out by pulling the emergency handle.
A lock that is used at emergency exits and escape routes. Doors fitted with this lock can always be opened from the inside, even when locked with a key.
Our X-Locks are equipped with a mechanical splint that requires handling to open and close the door from the outside.
Interlocking safety switch
A signal is emitted when the lock is properly locked.
A simple type of lock that locks the door as it shuts.
Works together with a touch-free door release and functions in a similar way to our X-Lock.
Find more resources and Knowledge


In my previous post I shared about the distractions created by hyperlinks. But what can we do to mitigate these distractions?
There are a couple of ways you can limit the distractions caused by hyperlinks. If you are reading a webpage that contains hyperlink you are interested in pursuing, right click on those links and select “open in new tab.” Then read those new webpages when you have finished browsing the current article.
Even better, when reading a webpage, copy it into a Word document, select all the text, and then remove the color and underline so that the hyperlinks can no longer be distinguished from the rest of the text. When you have finished reading the article, you can return to the original webpage and read it again to give attention to the hyperlinks. This may all seem unnecessary, and yet this simple procedure could help enormously to weed out potential distractions.
Don’t just take our word for this. Once again, there is research to support this. In 2007, psychologists Diana DeStefano and Jo-Anne LeFevre published an article in the journal Computers in Human Behavior, reviewing thirty-eight different experiments with people reading text peppered with hyperlinks. Many of the studies they reviewed found that hypertext diminished comprehension while none of the studies found that cognitive processing was increased.
Similarly, in 1999, the Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia published the results of a study conducted by researcher Erping Zhu, who had compared the comprehension of two groups of people. Both groups were given the same content to read online, but with one difference: the content given to first group included hyperlinks. Zhu found that concentration increased as the amount of links decreased. The experiment, Zhu wrote, suggested a direct correlation “between the number of links and disorientation or cognitive overload.”


There are relatively low rates of HIV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia to date, attributed to the prevention work done by Aboriginal people themselves in their communities, and to the development of dedicated sexual health workers and nurses in communities, under an inclusive policy and partnership approach. Rates of HIV among Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians are similar, at around 4 per 100 000, but transmission modes differ, with higher rates of HIV among women, people who inject drugs and heterosexuals within indigenous populations. However, it is an enormous concern that rates of newly diagnosed HIV in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population were higher than in the non-Indigenous population between 2012-2014 (5.9 versus 3.7 per 100 000) and a third of those were determined to be late diagnoses. In 2017, there were 31 HIV notifications among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
Aboriginal communities have been drastically affected by colonisation and its ongoing impact can make it hard for individuals to trust health systems. It is the responsibility of nurses to gain knowledge of Aboriginal history and its effect on health and specifically, on HIV-related issues among Aboriginal people. An excellent resource is the Australian Indigenous Health Infonet.
For optimal outcomes, care is provided in partnership with the individual with HIV. Consideration must always be given to confidentiality and this is even more critical when the community is small, rural or regional. It is important to clarify with the person with HIV exactly with whom he or she authorises information to be shared, and strongly adhere to this authorisation. Simply using someone’s name in the wrong setting can breach confidentiality or lead someone to perceive that his or her confidentially is broken. A community may be much smaller and more cohesive than attending health workers realise. Confidentiality around an HIV diagnosis is paramount, especially when unwanted disclosure can cause distress and deter people from seeking health care at all.


Based on findings by NHMS (2019), only 5% of Malaysians achieve the recommended intake for fruits and vegetables. It is important to consume fruits and vegetables within the recommended intake which aids in weight management and disease prevention.
A serving of vegetables is approximately one cup of raw vegetables or 1/2 cup of cooked vegetables. Meanwhile, for fruits, it is one medium or one slice of any fruit.
Here are some ideas on how to get the most out of five servings a day. Consuming them fresh, frozen, tinned, dried, or even juice it out.
Shopping on fruits and vegetables
Snack on fruit and vegetables
Make juices and smoothies
Try to consume at least one colour a day of the following categories
Make vegetables taste good
In a nutshell, achieving 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day seems hard at first but knowing the benefits gained from it should be our inspiration to incorporate them into our eating habits. Fruits and vegetables contain combinations of fibre, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals which are vital in maintaining our overall long-term health.


RIB 3217. Tombstone for Aelia Sentica
To the shades of the dead. Aelia Sentica lived 35 years. Aurelius Verulus to his dearest wife.
Commentary and notes
2–3. Sentica. The cognomen is attested only in the graffito RIB II.8, 2503.412. Ostensibly it derives from the Latin nomen Sentius, but like other such names popular in Britain, it probably contains the Celtic name-element *seno-s (‘old’).
4. There is a medial point after AN, not drawn. V of XXXV is crowded against the edge.
6–7. Verulus, although apparently a diminutive of Latin Verus, like other such names probably contains the Celtic name-element *vero-s (‘true’). Although it is well attested in Gaul, this is the first British instance; but compare RIB 3426, Verullus.
7–8. coniuci. The penultimate letter is C, not G, but this is a slip for coniugi without linguistic significance.
8–9. karissim(a)e. This alternative spelling is frequent: see RIB 3212 with note.
- Britannia 23 (1992), 312, No. 8, Fig. 2
- AE 1992, 1136
- Shotter and White 1995, 55 Fig. 37, 56, 96–7
- Shotter in Lambert 1996, 115–18, with Fig. 5.14
- ibid., 87–125 (for the site and excavation)
- Trismegistos 167320
- EDH HD053312


In recent years, eye tracking research has evolved in leaps and bounds. The technology behind it is becoming less expensive, meaning that more people can afford devices equipped with eye trackers. And, more and more applications are being discovered in which eye tracking technology can be leveraged.
With this progress in our industry, it’s no surprise that eye tracking is changing lives in many ways. In this blog post, we’ll explore four ways eye tracking is improving our lives.
1. We’re safer behind the wheel.
Auto-manufacturers, like General Motors and Toyota, are researching methods of vision- and attention-monitoring systems in cars that would use eye tracking technology to improve driver safety. If a car can track where its driver is looking, it could alert him or her to potential hazards outside the field of vision, or sound an alert if the driver’s eyes begin to close due to drowsiness.
2. Our ads are getting smarter.
Why bother with ads customers aren’t interested in at all? Businesses can use eye tracking research to study where consumers look at an ad online. Vision heat mapping can detect what bores and interests consumers, so marketers can move on quickly to newer, better ads.
3. We’re becoming better readers.
Researchers in Germany are working on software called Text 2.0, which intends to use eye tracking cameras to adjust a text page online to display pop-up translations and meanings of difficult or foreign words. The technology will recognize skimming behavior and adjust the page to make keywords more prominent and common words fade out, helping to improve reading comprehension.
4. We can diagnose concussions with more confidence.
Numerous studies on mild traumatic brain injury suggest that the shearing of connections in the frontal area of the brain are the cause of the memory and attention deficits that often result from concussion injuries. When doctors study patients’ eye movements, they can more quickly – and more correctly – diagnose a concussion so treatment can occur sooner.


What Does Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Mean?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or vinyl as it is commonly referred to, is a type of plastic. PVC belongs to the thermoplastic group. PVC is produced by taking vinyl chloride monomers and bringing them through the polymerization process.
PVC was discovered in the 19th century and has remained one of the most popular plastics in use.
Corrosionpedia Explains Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Polyvinyl chloride is a thermoplastic, which means that it will soften and begin to liquefy as it is heated to its melting point. This is a useful characteristic because it allows the PVC to be formed in molds. PVC can be reheated many times without adversely affecting its properties, thus making it easily recyclable and repurposable.
PVC is one of the most widely employed plastics and is used for pipes, floors, structures, coatings, cables and many other applications. It is popular because it has excellent mechanical properties, is readily recyclable, is flame retardant and uses less fossil fuel than many other types of plastic.
PVC is a special type of plastic because its mechanical properties can be altered with relative ease. This is done through the addition of other compounds and elements. PVC can be made flexible, stiff, elastic or ductile. It can be made to withstand impacts or hold heavy static loads. PVC can even be colored simply by mixing it with additives.


Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, according to the World Health Organization
And, although treatments exist for it, many people do not respond fully to treatment.
Prevention of depression has the potential to improve the health and quality of life of millions of people.
Diet is one way to address depression risk, and recent research has shown the potential of dietary flavonoids to reduce risk of the condition.
Flavonoids are compounds in plant foods that have been shown to have effects that may interrupt the pathophysiology of depression — including by combating neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death.
In addition, some flavonoids seem to improve blood flow, and that may help prevent age-related depression, which is influenced by vascular health.
A study published in 2016 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition looked at whether long-term dietary intake of the different subclasses of flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, polymeric flavonoids, proanthocyanidins) were related to depression incidence.
They also examined the connection between specific flavonoid-rich foods and depression risk.
Among the more than 80,000 women followed for this study, approximately 10,000 cases of depression were noted at the 10-year follow-up.
Analysing food frequency questionnaires and other data, the researchers found inverse associations between depression risk and flavonol, flavone and flavanone intake.
In addition, the women who consumed more citrus fruits or juices had a lower incidence of depression.
In older women (65 years or older at baseline), all subclasses of flavonoids except flavan-3-ols were associated with significantly lower risk of depression. The strongest associations were seen with flavones (good dietary sources include oranges, apples, celery, etc.) and proanthocyanidins (apples, chocolate, grapes, etc).
The researchers concluded that, although further studies are needed to confirm these associations, higher flavonoid intake may be associated with reduced risk of developing depression, particularly later in life.


A contemporary witness remembers
The Apollo 11 mission, the first manned moon landing, has been widely reported since 1969. However, the subsequent six further moon flights of the Apollo program are much less present. How was it back then?
During the four-year lunar missions of the US Apollo program, our knowledge of the Earth's satellite changed significantly and many new experiences were gained with regard to manned excursions to another celestial body. While the first circumnavigation of the moon in December 1968 and the first moon landing in July 1969 have not been forgotten to this day, relatively little of the six subsequent flights has stuck in people's collective memory. Therefore, as a journalist who was already active back then, I would like to take the reader back to this exciting chapter in space history.
My path to becoming a space commentator and publicist began in the mid-1960s, when I was still a student at the Technical University of Berlin and head of the satellite observation station at the Wilhelm Foerster Observatory in Berlin. In cooperation with US institutions, we were involved in the observation of near-Earth satellites, primarily Soviet launches, primarily with radio technology procedures. It had nothing to do with espionage. In early 1968 I even received official permission from the Soviet Academy of Sciences to receive and scientifically evaluate the signals from all satellites and space probes in the USSR. I'm probably the only one in Germany who has such a document in his files. My stays in the USA in 1966 and 1968, including as a NASA scholarship holder at the "School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences" at the University of Miami, also contributed to my being the primary contact for the media in Berlin when it comes to space travel was. Occasionally the US RIAS had approached me. The RIAS, the "broadcasting in the American sector", was for decades an extremely popular radio station with two full programs in the western part of Berlin, and above all in the former GDR, which was also supplied with high transmission power. In addition to politics, the focus was on culture, youth, technology and research. With reunification in 1989, RIAS merged with Deutschlandsender Kultur, which later became DeutschlandRadio Kultur. Until then, sovereignty over the station lay with the Americans …


This year, New York City Department of Education has decided to declare Eid Al-Adha a holiday and students and teachers will not be in attendance. In the past, students would have to come to school though this holiday is important to them. On September 24, 2015, anyone celebrating Eid Al-Adha had the chance to stay home and spend time with their families.
Eid Al-Adha is also known as the “greater Eid.” It is an Islamic festival to honor the willingness of Prophet Abraham to follow Allah’s command to sacrifice Ishmael. Having this holiday off makes it easier on students, teachers, and parents. With this being a given holiday throughout public schools, students won’t have to worry about missing a day of school and more than likely tons of work they will have to make up as soon as they return.
Somaya Chowdhury, a senior at Edison said, “Now, I can finally stay home and enjoy it from the minute I wake up to when I go to sleep. My parents are actually happy because they don’t have to stress about if I should go to school or not or how it would work out and stuff. They are also happy because people are starting to appreciate the Muslim holiday. There is a day off that celebrates us. After all the religions who got their days off, we finally got ours.”
Likewise Mr. Ahmed believes, “this holiday brings once again the opportunity for the Muslims to have spiritual awakening as well as mental thrill due to congregational prayer, inter-visitations and partying at the levels of family and friends.”
Now that we have more days off, our time in school has to be extended to compensate the time lost. Every year we would end school on June 26, but since we are given days off such as Eid and Chinese New Year’s we have to continue to be in school until June 28.
Freshman Jenna Bakhsh said, “In my opinion by extending the school year, kids will be mad that school seems longer because they are used to leaving school on the 26.”
Overall, many of the families who celebrate this holiday are ecstatic. After years of having to keep their kids home or having them go to school and not celebrate the way they normally would, they will enjoy having the whole day with their families without the worry of school being on their mind.
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Answers to common questions about the HPV vaccine
August 1-7, 2021 marked the third annual California HPV Vaccine Week. It kicked off with “HPV Vaccination: An Open Forum Webinar for Parents and Guardians,” organized by the California HPV Vaccination Roundtable. The roundtable is a coalition of more than 40 organizations dedicated to HPV cancer prevention. As a result, its primary goal is to increase HPV vaccination rates in the state to 80 percent by 2026.
Above all, HPV Vaccine Week is about providing education to encourage parents and adolescents to learn about the benefits of HPV vaccination. The HPV vaccine prevents six types of cancer: cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal or head and neck cancers. The CDC recommends HPV vaccination at 11-13 years-old, and as early as age nine.
“HPV Vaccination: An Open Forum Webinar for Parents and Guardians” provides answers to common questions about the HPV vaccine. For example, questions such as:
- What is HPV and why do we need a vaccine for it?
- When should my child be vaccinated?
- Is it safe?
- Does vaccination encourage early sex?
- What impact has the HPV vaccine had on HPV-associated cancers?
HPV Vaccination: An Open Forum Webinar for Parents and Guardians, recorded on August 2, 2021.
Pamela Tom, Founder of HPVANDME
Panelists providing answers to common questions about the HPV vaccine:
Melissa Rose, MD- Director of Pediatrics, Tiburcio Vasquez Health Center
Pamela Kahn, MPH, BS, RN, NCSN, California School Nurses Organization
Mike West, JD- Head & Neck Cancer Survivor


Invisible Trash: Are Microplastics and Drugs in our Local Streams?
Spoiler alert: Yes! Just one watershed in Baltimore, MD contributes more than 50,000 doses of antidepressants to the Chesapeake Bay each year and a single gallon of snowmelt from Chester County can bring dozens of microplastic particles into local streams.
Join us to learn more about microplastics in the snow, water, and insects of Pennsylvania streams and the sources and dynamics of pharmaceuticals in streams around Baltimore, MD. Find out how our choices and behaviors contribute to this kind of pollution and small changes we can make to help protect our local streams.
You will have the chance to try a variety of Ship Bottom beers. Your $25 ticket includes your first beer and a selection of yummy snacks.
CRC Watersheds Association is happy to welcome speaker Dr. Megan Fork (she/they), a faculty member in the Department of Biology at West Chester University where she leads the Aquatic Ecosystems Lab. Dr. Fork’s research focuses on the direct and indirect effects of human activities such as climate change, urbanization, and construction/alteration of water bodies on the ecology of streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. She combines concepts and approaches from multiple disciplines to characterize how these anthropogenic drivers impact the complex interactions that drive the movement and transformations of nutrients, contaminants, carbon, and water in aquatic ecosystems.


The availability of technology has caused communication to morph into a multiplicity of formats.
These texts, even their linguistic part alone, cannot be comprehended without a clear idea of how the other modes are contributing to the meaning of the text.
Not only are language teachers drawing on these new textual resources for instruction, but learners are also directly exposed to them through social media sites, websites, chatrooms, online forums, instant messaging, etc.
Traditionally, linguistics has been mainly concerned with describing language in terms of its sound system (phonetics and phonology), word structure (morphology), phrase and sentence structure (syntax), and meaning (semantics).
Second language acquisition (SLA) and reading theories born from this conception of linguistics view literacy as the mere ability to read and write.
Such conception has become obsolete, as it ignores the contexts in which and the reasons why we read and write as well as the changing ways in which we now read and write digitally.
To answer questions about texts whose compositional elements fall beyond the traditional scope of language, a multimodal framework is the most suitable as it is an inherently and intrinsically interdisciplinary cooperative enterprise, which attempts to account for meaning in all its appearances, social occasions, and cultural sites.
This conceptual framework assumes that representation and communication always draw on a multiplicity of modes, that all modes have been shaped through their cultural, historical, and social uses to realize social functions, and that the meaning realized in one mode is always interwoven with those of other modes co-operating in a text.
The proliferation of texts that combine ‘linguistic’ signs such as written language and non-linguistic signs such as diagrams, photographs, arrows, icons, and charts represents an intriguing area of inquiry in SLA because of its potential to alleviate some of the difficulties learners face while reading English such as deficient knowledge of the writing system, limited vocabulary, insufficient familiarity with grammatical structures, and missing strategies for reading English (Birch, 2007).
These changes in second language written input raised the need to question their implication for learners.


Polished Tungsten Rod
Polished tungsten rod refers to the use the fuction of mechanical, chemical or electrochemical, thereby reducing the surface roughness of the tungsten rods, obtain more smooth way tungsten rod surface. Obviously, this type of tungsten rod has a high quality surface brightness and flatness.
Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or using a chemical action, leaving a surface with a significant specular reflection. In some materials (such as metals, glasses, black or transparent stones) polishing is also able to reduce diffuse reflection to minimal values. When an unpolished surface is magnified thousands of times, it usually looks like mountains and valleys.
Differences between Ground and Polishing
There is no different between ground and polishing process basically. In the industry, ground process is the basic of polishing. Ground process is primarily for subsequent plating or coating formation processes. It can be said that polishing is the further optimization and upgrading of ground process. Polishing is to make the surface gloss. Polishing can make workpiece surface more smooth. The workpiece by grinding machine is more rough, but the polishing workpiece would be better.
Polishing tungsten rod is mainly used in glass melting, high-temperature furnace heating, welding electrodes, filament, X-37B weapons.


From 23 to 25 August, a series of active weather fronts passed across West and Central Europe, triggering the development of several large thunderstorms.
04 May 2023
24 August 2011
by Theo Steenbergen and Jochen Kerkmann (EUMETSAT)
During the afternoon of 24th, a cold front accompanied with a convergence zone crossed France, Germany and Poland from south-west to north-east. Favoured by high CAPE conditions, several very active Cumulonimbus cells developed, with storm tops overshooting into the lower stratosphere.
These convective storms crossed Germany from Saarland to Sachsen-Anhalt and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, producing hail (small, but large quantity), strong rain and strong wind gusts. One of the storms crossed right over Darmstadt, the city of the headquarter of EUMETSAT. According to the DWD, in Bad Soden-Salmüster (Hessen) and in Berlin-Schönefeld wind gusts of Beaufort 12 were measured, and as regards precipitation, the station of Waidhaus-Prentsch (Oberpfalz) registered 88 mm rain in just one hour.
The cloud top texture of the convective cells is well visible in the IR10.8 and HRV imagery (see images below), including ring-shape and U/V-shape storms and radial Cirrus bands or 'ship waves' over one of the cells. Note that ship waves atop of thunderstorms are not pure waves but are due to the interference of waves. They are caused by the relative motion between the fluid and an obstacle (see satellite examples , Pao Wang, 2010).
Animation IR10.8 channel (12:00–17:00 UTC, animated )
Animation HRV channel (10:00–16:45 UTC, animated )
Animation HRV channel (zoom on storm with ship waves) (16:00–17:00 UTC)
Mesoscale convective systems above Central Europe (13 July 2011)
Two thunderstorms with above-anvil plumes over Northern Italy (6 July 2010)


Middle School Students Integrate Geography & English with Research Skills
The seventh graders took on a research project that integrated their World Geography & English classes as well as research skills in the library!
The students started by book-talking lots of historical fiction books that represented each of the seven continents. Students had several months to try different books before settling on the title of their choice. As they read the book, they were to find a research topic that was central to the story. For instance, the book about a chocolate store that took the main character on a trip to the Amazon forest had one student research the conservation of the Amazon forest while another student researched how chocolate is made using cacao. Other topics included: Climate of New Zealand, Apartheid in South Africa, Stalin's deadly rule in Russia, the plight of child workers during the Industrial Revolution in the US, Diamond mining in Africa, Animals and Biomes of Australia, arranged marriages in India, the use of Elephants as loggers in Africa, the mythology behind the zodiac symbols and so many more!
Using NoodleTools, the students practiced creating effective note cards while researching their topics using books, databases, and a very carefully chosen website. In conjunction with the library, research lessons were delivered throughout the process. Students learned to cite sources, write a personal evaluation, a book summary, and organize/coordinate their research!
Once the projects were assembled, the seventh graders presented their research to sixth graders in one-on-one sessions in the library in a museum-like setup. The sixth graders have been practicing active listening--both presenters and listeners did a superb job!
Located in Charlottesville, VA, The Covenant School is a non-denominational, private, Christian day school for Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 12. Students benefit from a challenging academic program, visual and performing arts, competitive athletics, and a wide selection of extracurricular activities.


The river Saraswati has become invisible again, this time because of political reasons. Union Minister for Culture and Information and Broadcasting, Jaipal Reddy announced last week in Parliament that there was no evidence of Saraswati. The NDA government had sanctioned a project for detailed and extensive archaeological work based on initial investigations. Renowned archaeologists, like Dr Wakankar, had done preliminary work and had concluded that the invisible river'sroute and existence can be traced with more work and use of high-tech methods. Satellite imagery supplemented it and dozens of archaeological sites along the route established the historic river.
Shri Jagmohan, as the then Minister for Culture had sanctioned the project, allocating Rs 4.98 crore for a year. However, Reddy, answering questions in the Rajya Sabha on December 6, said the studies conducted at nine sites had not yielded any proof. This is blatant suppression of facts.
Reddy also said that the UPA government has not extended the project because of this reason. Under the NDA, the Saraswati project was cleared by the advisory board, which means that the project had been vetted by archaeologists and geologists. But the present government did not think it necessary to go to the advisory board again to find out if the project was worth continuing or not. The fact that the CPM (Nilotpal Basu) was more interested in knowing ?who? was behind the project than the academic veracity of it, makes it clear that the Saraswati project is yet another victim of UPA's?undo? governance. The UPA government is systematically using the comb to fine-search projects and studies that would throw light on ancient India. It is as if they are afraid of discovering it to be ?Hindu?.


what is Bangladesh?
Bangladesh (/ˌbæŋɡləˈdɛʃ, ˌbɑːŋ-/ (About this sound listen); Bengali: বাংলাদেশ Bāṃlādēśa [ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ] (About this sound listen), lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gaṇaprajātantrī Bāṃlādēśa), is a country in South Asia. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar (Burma). Nepal, Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The country's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong, which has the country's largest port or second largest city. Bangladesh forms the largest and easternmost part of the Bengal region. Bangladeshis include people from a range of ethnic groups and religions. Bengalis, who speak the official Bengali language, make up 98% of the population. The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world's third largest Muslim-majority country. Islam is the official religion of Bangladesh.


Wildlife photography is easily one of the most difficult forms of photography. The subjects do not listen to the photographer, nor do they sit still and pose. Although wildlife photography focuses specifically on animals in their natural habitats, there are 4 major types of photography in the field.
1. The Close Up
The first type of photography is a close up of the animal in its environment. Photos in this category typically have the entire frame filled with the animal. They rarely include much of the natural habitat the animal resides in. Australian photographer David Stowe specializes in this type.
2. The Freeze Frame
The second type is a shot of the animal in which it appears as though the animal has frozen in place. It is often looking directly at the photographer, creating an intimate portrait. Photographer Norman Asch is known for this type.
3. The Nature Shot
This type of photography style shows animals displaying their natural behaviors. For example, a bird perched on a tree branch, eating a fish he has clearly just caught. This gives the viewer a look into the natural order of wildlife photography. Tracy Lund’s work often focuses on this aspect.
4. The Behavioral
The last type is a mix of the freeze frame and the nature shot. In this style, the photographer captures the animal in the middle of a natural behavior. But unlike the nature shot, there is no sense of movement. It is a frozen portrait of the behavior. Isak Pretorius has many great examples of this type of style.


When you hear the term “substance abuse,” what age range comes to mind? Perhaps you first think of adolescents or young adults. You may be surprised to hear that alcoholism within the older adult population is on the rise. In fact, research shows that by 2020, a total of 5.7 million seniors will be struggling with alcoholism. Substance abuse is often overlooked within our older adult population. During Alcohol Awareness Month in April, we want to highlight this topic.
The dramatic rise in alcohol abuse stems from the unique challenges that come with aging. As people age and retire, they might begin to drink earlier in the day or more often. When facing depression and hopelessness, alcohol is sometimes used to bandage the pain. Other reasons may stem from the need for pain management, coping with other disabilities or having difficulty sleeping.
The following are ways to recognize substance abuse in yourself or a loved one:
- Defensiveness when asked about drinking
- Drinking in the early hours of the day
- Increased confusion, disorientation, forgetfulness
- Failing to engage in normal routine, hobbies, etc.
- Frequently unreachable, turning down events they normally enjoy
- Suspicious or dishonest behaviors
It is common for family members to become deeply affected by a loved one’s substance abuse. Being under the influence of alcohol can result in poor decisions related to health and wellness. Former healthy lifestyle decisions may be abandoned, leaving family members feeling tense and upset. Another concern among families is the risk of suicide, and/or depression that comes with excessive drinking.
Therapeutic intervention can create a positive impact on alcoholism within the older adult population. It may be difficult for someone struggling with substance abuse to turn to a family member or friend. Counseling offers unbiased guidance and a safe place to have an outlet. Treatment in counseling may include: screening for signs of depression, assessing for suicide risk and exploring the root of drinking problem. People often find that counseling leads to identifying barriers to a healthier lifestyle. Self-awareness is the key to healing. Reach out to a counselor in your community that has experience working with the aging population; after all, seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.


Conditionals | Grammar
Conditionals are a type of sentence in English that refer to a real or unreal situation in the past, present or future. We sometimes call them 'if' clauses, because the word 'if' is normally the key part of this type of sentence.
There are four types of conditional sentence, the zero, first, second and third conditionals. There is also a mixed conditional, where it is possible to put different parts of the four types together to express different times in the same sentence.
For example, we could say "If it rains, I will stay at home". This is a common example of the first conditional. It is used to refer to a real or possible situation in the future. A conditional sentence has two parts: the 'if' clause and the main clause.
In this series of video lessons, you will learn all about the four different types of conditional sentence as well has how to use them in context. You will see lots of examples to make it very clear how we use them, when and why.
How to use zero conditional
How to use first conditional
How to use second conditional
How to use third conditional
How to use mixed conditionals


Air pollution caused by fine particles (PM2.5) in Nairobi is consistently over five times higher than recommended limits advised by the World Health Organization (WHO), according to a new study.
A team of researchers from the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology at the University of Nairobi and the Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, found concentrations of black carbon, an aerosol from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, higher than other major cities around the world. They published their results in Communications earth and environment.
“We found around 85% of black carbon particulates come from fossil combustion sources, particularly from vehicles,” said Leonard Kirago, the study’s lead author from Stockholm University.
According to Kirago, black carbon constitutes around 15-20% of PM2.5 aerosols in Nairobi. This is similar to findings from other African cities but higher than cities in other geographical regions in Asia. “This means, even if the PM2.5 concentrations are lower than in Asia, health implications may be more severe,” he explained.
The rapid growth in population and urbanization in Africa could worsen air pollution, “thus posing a significant health risk to the populace,” he added.
While it may be expensive, the researchers suggest that effective public transportation and enforcing emissions standards in sub-Saharan Africa may bring air pollution under control.


Many people nowadays ride cars—in all countries and on all continents. This of course brings some hazards with them, but I am not going to talk about car accidents, but about sticking your head out of a window of a car. To understand the magnitude of this problem we must consider how many times this happens.
Unfortunately people doing this is not uncommon, many people do it, some more than others. The reason why people do this can vary: it could be to get some fresh air, but it also could be to see the landscape better for example. But not only humans do it, if you ever saw the program of Scooby-Doo then you have probably seen the dog sticking his head out of the minivan, so animals can do it as well. So it is rather encouraged than discouraged in popular television series—even for children. You can do it many times, at least until you hit a lamppost and die. Some people would think that that would not happen. It does happen, however the chance is very small, very small, but not neglible. A man died exactly that way, by hitting his head to a lamppost during a car ride. Every risk small or big is too much. The remedy for this kind of safety fail is being more cautious and not doing that—for your own safety.


Last modified: 22 May 2019 17:07
Students learn about the inputs and outputs in both physical and financial terms for the main landed activities on rural estates, including setting and preparing management objectives and plans. Field visits examine the financial interactions of rural estate enterprises and the development of specific areas of an estate: eg diversification. Preparation and analysis of financial accounts and forward financial planning together with basic taxation and the granting of way leaves and servitudes are examined.
|Session||Second Sub Session||Credit Points||15 credits (7.5 ECTS credits)|
This course covers the preparation and analysis of financial accounts and forward financial planning. It covers basic taxation and the granting of way leaves and servitudes. Field visits examine the financial interactions of Estate enterprises and the development of a specific area of an estate eg diversification. The learning outcomes are: • To understand the inputs and outputs in both physical and financial terms for the main landed activities on rural estates; • To be able to set management objectives. • To be able to devise management plans; • To understand business accounts and make decisions based on their analysis. • To understand the basic legal details of landlord/tenant relations; • To appreciate the basis upon which the income of a small business is assessed and the implications of capital taxation legislation; • To be able to prepare sound financial plans for both individual enterprises and the rural business as a whole. • To understand staff management including current employee legislation;
Information on contact teaching time is available from the course guide.
One two hour exam (40%) and three assignments (60%)
There are no assessments for this course.
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Nerve Treatment / Pulpotomy on Primary Teeth
When a cavity has become very large it often destroy the tooth structure all the way down to the pulp or living tissue of the tooth (see diagram). Often this tooth decay into the pulp will be painful. When the decay has reached the dental pulp, the pulp is generally still alive but the outer areas of the pulp are infected with the bacteria that caused the cavity. If the pulp is not treated and the infected areas are not removed then the bacteria will continue to cause infection and can penetrate all the way into the root canals. If this occurs then the tooth will become abscessed and very painful requiring early removal of the tooth.
To prevent the tooth from abscessing and to relieve any discomfort we can perform a pulpotomy. We often refer to this as a baby root canal but it is not nearly as complicated or difficult of a procedure as a root canal. To perform a pulpotomy we remove the cavity and then access the pulp chamber in the crown of the tooth. We remove the pulp tissue in the crown of the tooth so that all that is left is the healthy pulpal tissue that is down in the roots of the tooth.
We evaluate the remaining pulp tissue to make sure that it does not show any signs of infection and then place medication in the pulp chamber to make sure that all of the bacteria have been killed. We restore the tooth by placing a medicated filling material in the pulp chamber and placing a stainless steel crown that covers, protects, and strengthens the tooth.


national board for wildlife
Phase II of Bangalore-Chennai Expressway
The proposed Bangalore-Chennai Expressway has garnered attention due to its ambitious scale and potential impact on wildlife habitats. The standing committee of the National Board for Wildlife recently approved the second phase of the Bangalore-Chennai Expressway. This four-lane expressway, at ..
Tags: Bangalore-Chennai Expressway • Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary • national board for wildlife
Month: Current Affairs - May, 2023
Category: India Nation & States Current Affairs
National Dolphin Day
October 5 has been designated as National Dolphin Day by the union environment ministry and it will be observed annually starting from this year. Overview: The National Board for Wildlife’s (NBWL) standing committee took this decision to designate October 5 ..
Tags: Dolphins • Gangetic Dolphin • national board for wildlife
Month: Current Affairs - March, 2022
Category: Important Days & Events Current Affairs
National Action Plan for Vulture Conservation, 2020-2025
The National Action Plan for Vulture Conservation, 2020-25 was recently approved by National Board for Wild life. The plan has suggested that new veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be tested on vultures before they are commercially released. Key Highlights of the ..
Tags: action plan for vulture conservation • Bird conservation • bombay natural history society • national board for wildlife • Vulture
Month: Current Affairs - November, 2020
NBWL adds 4 species in Recovery Programme for Critically Endangered Species
The standing committee of National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) has recently added four species- Northern River Terrapin, Clouded Leopard, Arabian Sea Humpback Whale and Red Panda into Centre’s Recovery Programme for Critically Endangered Species. They were added on the recommendation by ..
Tags: Arabian Sea Humpback Whale • Clouded leopard • Environment • national board for wildlife • Northern River Terrapin
Month: Current Affairs - July, 2018


India announced on Wednesday (March 29) that one of eight cheetahs displaced from Namibia had given birth to four cubs, decades after the species was declared extinct in 1952 in the South Asian country.
India's Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav posted a photo and video of the cheetah cubs on Twitter, calling the event "
Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed the "
", also on Twitter.
According to Indian media, a second Namibian cheetah is expected to give birth soon.
Eight Namibian cheetahs were reintroduced to India last year.
At the beginning of this year, twelve more cheetahs came from South Africa to swell the first contingent.
An endangered species in India
The announcement of the birth of the four cheetah cubs comes a few days after the death of one of the Namibian cheetahs in Kuno National Park, a nature reserve located 320 kilometers south of New Delhi, victim of kidney failure.
The Asian cheetah has been officially extinct in India since 1952. Maharaja Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo is said to have killed the last three specimens recorded in India in the late 1940s.
This subspecies, which once roamed the Middle East, Central Asia and India, is now only found in very small numbers in Iran.
The disappearance of the cheetah in India is mainly attributed to hunters, who coveted its precious light tawny fur, covered with round spots, but also to the loss of its habitat.
The cheetah is listed as “
” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.


By Dr. Rakesh G. Nair , Orthopaedics The bicep is a muscle that is located on the front portion of the upper arm. The muscle is attached to the bones of the shoulder and the elbows by tendons (fibrous tissue cords). A tear in the bicep actually refers to the tear in the bicep tendon. There is one tendon that attaches the bicep to the elbow and two other tendons that attach the bicep to the shoulder. A bicep tear is not very common; it usually results from a sudden injury, thus causing weakness of the arm. The torn tendon does not heal in itself. While other adjoining muscles allow the normal functioning of the bicep muscle up to an extent, it usually doesn’t facilitate the full range of motion of the arm. Causes- The various causes of bicep tear are:
- Injury: A bicep tear might occur if the elbow is held straight against a heavy load, such as a heavy box. Contrary to popular belief, it does not occur when you are bending the elbow against heavy resistance.
- Age: The chances of a bicep tear go up significantly once you are past your 30’s.
Note: Apart from these causes, smoking and usage of corticosteroid medications also deteriorate the strength of one’s tendons. Symptoms- The symptoms of a bicep tear are swelling of the area of the biceps, an inability to bend the elbow and mild to tremendous pain. Treatment- The treatment depends on the extent of the tear. If the damage is extensive, surgery may be required to restore proper functioning of the bicep muscle. For a minor tear resulting in mild pain, taking pain relieving medications and resting the affected area are all that is required. The doctor may also suggest certain exercises to boost the healing process.


The term "anxiety disorder" summarises various disorders whose common basis lies in an exaggerated sense of anxiety.
Every person occasionally feels anxiety. Feeling anxiety and stress and related symptoms is quite normal; usually, these sensations disappear when their causes or anxiety-causing situations are removed. In an anxiety disorder, however, the feelings of anxiety do not subside but persist, and the anxiety and the associated mental and physical symptoms are so severe that they can affect the everyday lives of those affected in different ways.
There are different types of anxiety disorders, including et al Panic disorders (characterised, among other things, by recurring panic attacks, often occur in combination with agoraphobia, i.e. the fear of the outside world), phobias (fear of certain situations, objects, activities, etc.), e.g. social phobia (feelings of fear in different areas), claustrophobia (fear of staying in confined spaces), acrophobia, vertigo, etc. and generalized anxiety disorders.
The possible causes of an anxiety disorder are varied, often it is a combination of various factors that leads to the development of an anxiety disorder (ongoing stressful events, physical illnesses, personality factors such as traumas in childhood etc.).
The therapy depends entirely on the type and severity of the anxiety disorder and the exact individual starting situation. Whether panic disorder, social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder - for each type of anxiety disorder, various treatment options are available (e.g. psychotherapy/behavior therapy, dream, respiratory and body work, systematic desensitisation, exposure methods, lifestyle- modifying measures, drug therapy, etc.) and there are also many things that you can learn and apply as a person concerned for yourself.
After a comprehensive medical history and a well-established diagnosis, we look together at what path and with which treatment approaches and measures it is best to treat the anxiety disorder and sustainably reach the point at which not the fear controls you but vice versa.
Tele-therapy, Online Therapy, Online Care
Initial discussions and ongoing therapies can also be made online via Skype, WhatsApp and other online channels. In this way, it is possible for me to also personally care for patients who live outside the region or abroad, who travel regularly or for other reasons can not come to the office.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to inquire either by phone or email


BMENA Case Study - Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Isolated During 2006-2008 Outbreaks in Pakistan Reveals Genetic Diversity
Anthony Wilson studies how the biology of blood-feeding insects affects the spread of viruses and our ability to control their spread. Wilson, group leader in Integrative Entomology at the Pirbright Institute in the United Kingdom, first did public engagement as a graduate student participating in the Science and Engineering Ambassador program at his university. He found it rewarding to speak with undergraduate students about STEM careers, especially because no one had encouraged him in this way. Since then, his public engagement has continued to be part of his research career, as his work is inherently public-facing. For example, he coordinated closely with veterinarians to manage and communicate about the bluetongue virus during the 2006 outbreak in Europe. He helped promote the message that insects spread this disease, which has severe impacts on livestock populations, and that people can help in controlling it and preventing its entry into the UK.
For his work in brain development, Flavio Donato is the 2017 grand prize winner of The Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology.
BOSTON – For bee researchers like May Berenbaum, 2006 was the year an international consortium of researchers published the first full sequence of the honeybee genome, offering a unique and long-sought glimpse at the biological quirks of an insect that shares a productive history with humans.
Scientists are testing methods ranging from selective insecticide spraying to intelligent robotic traps to curb disease-carrying mosquitoes by harnessing the power of data collection and targeted interventions, according to a presentation at the AAAS annual meeting.
Two Researchers Win Poland-U.S. Science Award for Joint Effort
Researchers Use Maker Technologies to Advance Their Work


The current vaccine market is gaining momentum in the development of alternative administration routes namely intranasal, oral, topical, pulmonary, vaginal, and rectal; the nasal route offers the most promising opportunity for vaccine administration. It can enhance convenience, safety, elicit both local and systemic immune responses; thus potentially provide protection from pathogens at the site of entry. Nasal vaccine innovation comes with both opportunities and challenges. The innovative strategies used by industry and researchers to overcome the hurdles are discussed in this article: these include live-attenuated vaccines, adjuvants, mucoadhesives, particulate delivery systems, virus-like particles, vaccine manufacture, challenges of regulatory authorities, and the nasal vaccine impact on market potential. Critical issues for effective nasal vaccination are the antigen-retention period that enables its interaction with the lymphatic system and choice of an adjuvant that is nontoxic and induces the required immune response. Co-adjuvanting by means of a mucoadhesive technology addresses some of these issues. ChiSys(®), a natural bioadhesive with proven intranasal safety profile, has already demonstrated efficacy for several nasally delivered vaccines including norovirus. With the looming threat of a pandemic, alternatives such as intranasal vaccination will ultimately facilitate greater public compliance and rapid mass global vaccination.


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Reminder of the spelling rules to write the number 331 in letters
Here are basic rules for spelling out 331 and other cardinal numbers :
- To write the number 331 in dollar amount, the currency symbol is placed before the number, with no spaces : $331 .
If spelled out in words, the currency symbol is removed : Three hundred thirty-one dollars dollars.
- Decimals should be separated by periods and thousands by commas.
- Numbers from 21 to 99 are written with a hyphen : Sixty-nine, Seventy
- From 13 to 19, these numbers are composed of the digits from 3 to 9, and they all end with "-teen" : Thirteen, Fourteen
- If you want to know how to spell another number in English, type any number in the number to words converter above to see how it is spelled in English.
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Associate Professor Michelle Evans & Professor Duncan McDonnell, Australian Journal of Political Science, April 2022
While the number of elected Indigenous representatives has increased over the past two decades, we know little about their pathways to candidature, which parties they stand for, the winnability of seats they stand in, and whether they are successful.
Using election data from 2001 to 2021, and interviews with 50 (or 80%) of all Indigenous candidates between 2010 and 2019, this study by Associate Professor Michelle Evans & Professor Duncan McDonnell provides answers to these questions.
It finds, first, that Indigenous candidates are usually winners, as 53.2% of candidatures have resulted in an election victory. Second, most candidates are from the ALP and Indigenous women tend to do better than men. Third, despite some high-profile ‘parachutes’, most Indigenous candidates are ‘partisans’ (i.e. party members for at least a year before standing).
- There were 143 Indigenous candidatures by the major Australian parties between 2001 and 2021.
- Of these, 71% were ALP. Labor has stood more Indigenous women than Indigenous men (Liberals & CLP have fielded over 3 times as many Indigenous men as women)
- While Indigenous men and women run in approximately equal measures in winnable seats, Indigenous women have higher success rate than men (66.1% to 43.8).
Read the article


This school year is our first in our brand new building, meaning that everyone on the teaching staff set up their rooms all over again. I remember one teacher in particular, who sat in her room for hours, mulling over potential set-ups, “listening to the space” to determine how to most effectively organize her room. It was because of her example that I took a step back to think deeply about my own classroom set-up.
There’s something very personal about setting up a classroom. It’s one of the first impressions you give to your students, and it has a major influence on the development of classroom culture and the day-to-day flow of each class.
To me, having an effectively organized classroom means utilizing the space in a way that feels intuitive to students and myself. It should make students feel comfortable and make them feel like part of a classroom community. It should allow students to move fluidly through the classroom to avoid wasted time. It should make student resources readily available and easily obtainable.
Classroom layout and organization is one of those aspects of being a teacher that requires A LOT of trial and error. What works for me might not work for the teacher down the hall. What works for 3rd Graders might not work for 10th Graders. In my first year of teaching, I took a shot at classroom organization and learned what did and didn’t work with that set-up. In this second year, especially with the “blank slate” of a brand new, never-before-used classroom, I was able to really consider the purpose of my classroom and how I could arrange it in a meaningful way. Let me know what you think!:


Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution:
"Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized."
Founding, Goals and Objectives of the Article 9 Society
Few people realize that for three-quarters-of-a-century, since the end of World War II, primarily because of just these 73 words in Japan's Constitution, no person outside of Japan has been killed by Japanese soldiers.
Learning from the disasterous experiences of two world wars, the victors and the vanquished created new principles for international peace and justice, and gave them a home in Japan's Constitution. These principles were embodied in Article 9 in 1946.
Those of us in The Article 9 Society believe that the principles of Article 9 can be effective in deterring war, and that Article 9 might well be a new model for all nations for the 21st Century and beyond.
The Article 9 Society (A9S) was founded in mid-March 1991 after the Gulf "oil-resource" War, and out of a renewed recognition of the futility, folly, foolishness, and immorality of war as an instrument of foreign policy, and as a vehicle for attempting to solve international problems. The name, "The Article 9 Society" was taken from Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution which was written with the help of the United States after World War Two.
The long term goal of the Article 9 Society is to have all nations on earth adopt in their own constitutions the principles expressed in Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution.
Recognizing the difficulty in weaning ourselves from the age old addiction for war, The Article 9 Society's shorter term goals leading to the long term, are:


How to: Textured Fills_Tips_2019
Examples: Textured Fills Gallery
Recently given a 10-year critical review in a presentation to the ICOM-Leather Working Group meeting in Paris (June 2019), textured fills are a method of creating surface topography for loss compensation materials with acrylic media on flat, reusable silicone rubber molds. Their use in treatment is part of a comprehensive approach to selecting and applying fill materials.
Cast films of acrylic media on various substrates like paper or textile replicate the patterns of original surfaces like leather or cloth grain. The textured fills increase the visual compatibility of mends and allow for treatments more sympathetic to the original object. Materials already widely used in conservation are integrated with surface casting techniques common in objects and paintings conservation. They are easy to create from affordable supplies that are readily available at art supply stores. Textured fills have been successfully used in book, paper, photo, textile, and objects conservation. Completed textured fills are less invasive, thinner, and visually more compatible than traditional repairs with leather or mulberry-fibered papers.
Two things to emphasize to avoid failed fills or a thick/bulky acrylic layer:
1) work in thinnest layers possible
2) this is an aesthetic fill, the bulk of the stabilization should be done by other internal repairs
[See unpublished draft: https://sarahreidell.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/icom_leather2019_publicationdraft_reidell.pdf%5D
Previously referred to as cast composites, they were prompted by experimentation and necessity by conservators Grace Owen-Weiss (New York Public Library) and Sarah Reidell (now University of Pennsylvania Libraries). They shared their techniques with the conservation community in a presentation to the Library Collections Conservation Discussion Group (LCCDG) at the Book and Paper Group (BPG) session of the AIC annual meeting in Milwaukee, WI in 2010. An update on the technique was recently shared at the 2018 AIC Annual Meeting Symposium “The Current Use of Leather in Book Conservation.” Hands-on workshops at leading museums, libraries, and training programs have shared the technique with many.


In a small but significant portion of urban public housing, the dual legacies of segregation and concentrated poverty have long plagued residents. Over the course of decades, these legacies have contributed to chronic systemic failures, the burden of which has disproportionately fallen on members of minority groups. The federal government has responded through two strands of policies, each aimed at a different legacy. First, Congress enacted the Fair Housing Act to root out the last vestiges of state- sanctioned segregation by affirmatively promoting racial integration. Second, and more recently, Congress created a program known as HOPE VI to combat the concentration of very poor residents in urban public housing by replacing dilapidated projects with mixed-income developments, which bring in moderate-income working families to serve as role models. But success in overcoming historical failures remains elusive—largely because housing policies that promote income mixing seem bound to come into conflict with housing policies that promote racial integration. Persistent patterns of residential segregation in HOPE VI communities attest to the problem. The use of restrictive income-based admissions policies has put once-distressed neighborhoods on track to become as segregated as before, though the racial pendulum has swung in the opposite direction. I thus argue that programs advancing racial integration should trump income-mixing considerations when the compasses point in different directions. Reaffirming racial integration as a primary policy goal would ultimately remedy the related harms of racial isolation and displacement that have continued to mar HOPE VI projects. Just as importantly, adopting an integrative norm comports with both the express obligations and underlying spirit of the Fair Housing Act.


Botanical name: Coffea liberica Family: Rubiaceae (Coffee family)
Liberian Coffee is a species of coffee that originated in Liberia, West Africa. The coffee tree grows up to 9 m in height, producing cherries that are larger than the cherries found on Arabica trees. It is an evergreen shrub or tree that has dimorphic branching and large leathery leaves. Leaf blades are about 14-25 x 5-9 cm, carried on stalks about 1-2.5 cm long. They are thinly leathery to stiffly papery, elliptic to obovate or obovate- elliptic. The large flowers are self sterile and open at irregular interval, rather than in flushes as in the other two cultivated species. Flowers borne in almost sessile clusters in the leaf axils. Flowers are about 3-4 cm across. Sepals are small and inconspicuous. Flower tube is about 1-1.2 cm long, petals 7-8, about 6 mm long, hairless. Stamens are about 7-8. Fruits are round, about 1.8-3 cm long. Seeds two or three per fruit, each seed enclosed in a hard endocarp about 13-15 x 4-8 mm.
Identification credit: Dinesh Valke
The flower labeled Liberian Coffee is ...


THE HOMEWORK MYTH
After spending most of the day in school, children are typically given additional assignments to be completed at home – a remarkable fact, when you stop to think about it. What’s more, homework in most schools isn’t limited to those times when it seems appropriate and important. Rather than saying, “Doing this particular project at home may be useful,” our message seems to be, “We’ve decided ahead of time that students will have to do something every night. Later on we’ll figure out what to make them do.” We know it causes stress and conflict, frustration and exhaustion. But at least, we tell ourselves, it teaches them independence and good work habits, “reinforces” what they’ve been taught, and helps them to become more successful learners.
Or does it? In this presentation, Alfie Kohn carefully reviews the usual defenses of homework and finds that none is actually supported by research, logic, or experience. He then offers half a dozen reasons to explain why we feel obligated to administer this modern cod liver oil even though there is no evidence that it’s necessary – and considerable evidence that it undermines children’s interest in learning. This, in turn, leads to a closer look at our assumptions about teaching in general, and practical suggestions for rethinking what students are asked to do both during and after school. (For more details about this talk, please see the book of the same name.)