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Hugh Nibley and Joseph Smith
|Title||Hugh Nibley and Joseph Smith|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2010|
|Authors||Bushman, Richard L.|
|Journal||Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture|
|Keywords||Early Church History; Historicity; Smith, Joseph, Jr.|
Just as attorneys representing the church wouldn’t bear their testimonies in a courtroom, Hugh Nibley defended Joseph Smith through facts and scholarly dialogue, not testimony bearing. Although Nibley did, at times, discuss the Prophet specifically, his defense of Joseph came primarily through academic vindication of the Book of Mormon. When others made scholarly attacks against Joseph’s character, Nibley would move the debate to a discussion of the historicity of the book on its own terms. When Nibley did directly discuss the Prophet, he portrayed him as a humble, loving servant of God.
Items in the BMC Archive are made publicly available for non-commercial, private use. Inclusion within the BMC Archive does not imply endorsement. Items do not represent the official views of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or of Book of Mormon Central.
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Bari, Italy — A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Bari Aldo Moro have found that coffee consumption may affect the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
The study evaluated 1,445 people between the ages of 65 and 84 years old. After 3.5 years, individuals with normal cognition who regularly consumed coffee on a daily basis (1–2 cups per day) had a reduced incidence rate of MCI than those who did not or rarely consumed coffee. Additionally, those that upped their coffee consumption by more than cup per day during the study had a two times the MCI incidence than those that maintained or lowered their rate of consumption.
However, no association between MCI rate and higher consumption rate (more than two cups per day) or rare coffee consumption was found.
The authors hypothesize that long-term coffee consumption may offer neuroprotection because caffeine stops excessive activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), which may stem damage caused amyloid plaque in the brain (thought to be a cause of Alzheimer’s disease). Additional research is needed on this subject.
This study was published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Posted on WholeFoods Magazine Online, 8/18/15


The gaseous nebula (H II region) Messier 17 (NGC 6613) in northern Sagittarius, shown from a 30-second red-light exposure (through clouds) with a Tektronix 2048x2048 CCD at the prime focus of the 4-meter Mayall telescope of Kitt Peak National Observatory. North is at the top and east to the left, for direct comparison with a chart or eyepiece view. The image has been block-averaged to 512x512 for this presentation, which uses a logarithmic intensity transformation to preserve information across a wide dynamic range. The field is 14.3 arcminutes square, showing only the central quarter or so of the vast extent of M17. More of it can be seen in this red-light photograph taken with the 0.9-meter Crossley telescope at Lick Observatory.
M17 is notable for being part of an enormous cloud of molecular gas, the raw material of star formation. Only the surface of a "blister" shines in visible light, where it is ionized by the ultraviolet light of massive, young stars, and where the light is not blocked by the surrounding dust. Especially prominent dust clouds appear at the western (right) edge of this picture, but the whole area is loaded with dust and molecular gas that are not so prominent visually.
This Hα mosaic, taken with the 1m telescope of the SARA Observatory on Kitt Peak, spans 0.7 degree on a side, givng a more complete view of the bright nebula relative to the surrounding dark cloud and filaments arcing around it.
For a wider context, this 2-field red-light mosaic taken with the University of Alabama Crimson Dragon wide-field imaging system shows both M17 (at the bottom) and M16.
Last changes: 9/2018 © 2001-2018


They use their data and out there resources to design, implement, and evaluate difficult, developmentally responsive curriculum that leads to meaningful studying outcomes. Middle level trainer candidates show their ability to help all younger adolescents in understanding the interdisciplinary nature of data. After-school science golf equipment and youth improvement applications encourage college students to discover new pursuits, prepare for faculty and find out about science careers.
Some key points and recent trends in the improvement of science and expertise are mentioned, with explicit reference to interdisciplinary education in both major and secondary schools. In many applications, you’ll dedicate no less than one full 12 months to just observing, researching and understanding the latest educating philosophies.
III. Developing Scientific Understanding
Some advocates have eyed coverage adjustments at the federal level to achieve better leverage for casual science studying. A prime goal is the primary federal source of after-faculty assist, the $1.2 billion 21st Century Community Learning Centers program.
The Science Education program offers a Master of Teaching (MT) diploma with licensure and endorsement in Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science or Physics Education, grades 6–12. NEW PROGRAM CHANGE – The Curry Teacher Education program is happy to announce the conversion of its secondary training program to a one-12 months Post-Graduate Master of Teaching (PGMT) beginning May 2018. The one-year program will offer an intensive, area-based mostly curriculum centered on high-leverage teaching practices. levels are provided in conjunction with Curriculum & Instruction, where science is an emphasis space.
The committee understands that its mission is to work with school personnel to bring together the financial, intellectual, and material sources needed to realize the vision expressed within the science training standards. The committee is conscious that several elements of the system will need to change.


Most countryside campsites are free from the light pollution that plagues most cities and present a great opportunity to see the night sky more clearly, but you don’t need to pitch up in the middle of nowhere to take a peek at outer space.
Created by NASA astronomer Joshua Peek, The Invisible Universe is a free app for Android smartphones that reveals the parts of the cosmos that can’t even be seen with a telescope, let alone the naked eye.
Rather than show stars, The Invisible Universe simulates what it’s like to see the interstellar medium through eyes that can detect other parts of the electromagnet spectrum, namely X-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, and so on.
When view in this way, the seemingly empty parts of the sky are shown to contain a myriad of structures, from the remnants of long-exploded stars to energy being sucked into the super massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy.
The clever part is that The Invisible Universe uses ‘augmented reality’ to display a highly realistic view on these invisible parts of the sky. The app uses onboard GPS and motion sensors to move the on-screen image in accordance with the smartphone’s position.
So, move the smartphone around and the display moves with it, just as if you were looking through a camera viewfinder rather than an astronomical simulation and the direction the smartphone is facing dictates the simulated part of the sky shown on-screen.
The Invisible Universe is probably more of interest to people who want to know more about what makes the universe tick rather than where to find Saturn on a starry nigh, but a smartphone can help with that, too.
Google Sky Map is a free app that uses the same augmented reality technology to show stars, planets, constellations and other astronomical bodies — it can even pinpoint the sun when the prevailing weather conditions otherwise make it difficult…


History of the Evangelical Free Church of America
The Evangelical Free Church of America traces its roots to Scandinavia where various Lutheran and other evangelical churches formed the Swedish Evangelical Free Church. In the l880s, a branch of the denomination took shape in the U.S. and in l950, a merger between the Swedish Evangelical Free Church and the Norwegian-Dutch Evangelical Free Church came about along with a new name: The Evangelical Free Church of America. Prior to the merger, many EFC churches in America held services in their “mother tongue.” After the merger, English became the predominant language in EFCA worship services.
What does Evangelical Free mean?
Evangelical: This term refers to our commitment to proclaim the Gospel (Greek: evangelion, translated, “good news”). Of first importance to evangelicals is sharing the Good News of salvation by God’s grace through faith in Jesus Christ.
Free: When the denomination was formed in Scandinavia following a religious revival in northern Europe in the mid-l850s, “Free” referred to freedom from government control. In terms of theology, it refers to the autonomy of each church in governing themselves without state or denominational interference.


Gastropoda - Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae
Full reference: M. A. Murphy and P. U. Rodda. 1960. Mollusca of the Cretaceous Bald Hills Formation of California. Journal of Paleontology 34(5):835-858
Belongs to Tessarolax according to L. R. Saul and R. L. Squires 2015
See also Murphy and Rodda 1960
Sister taxa: Aporrhais (Tessarolax) ebrayi, Tessarolax alaskana, Tessarolax bicarinata, Tessarolax bullardi, Tessarolax distorta, Tessarolax gabbi, Tessarolax grahami, Tessarolax inconspicua, Tessarolax incrustata, Tessarolax louellae, Tessarolax retusa, Tessarolax teleos
Type specimen: UCLA 28627. Its type locality is UCLA loc. 3763, which is in a Cenomanian marine sandstone in the Budden Canyon Formation of California.
Ecology: slow-moving semi-infaunal detritivore
• Cretaceous of United States (9: California collections)
Total: 9 collections each including a single occurrence
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.


When a person quits drugs, they may experience a range of physical, emotional, and psychological changes. These can vary depending on the type of drug, the frequency and duration of use, and the individual’s overall health and wellbeing. Here are some common changes that can occur when a person quits drugs:
Withdrawal symptoms: Depending on the drug, a person may experience withdrawal symptoms when they quit using. These can include nausea, vomiting, sweating, chills, muscle aches, anxiety, and depression.
Improved physical health: Quitting drugs can have a positive impact on a person’s physical health. They may experience improved energy, better sleep, and a reduction in symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and chest pain.
Improved mental health: Drugs can have a negative impact on a person’s mental health, and quitting can lead to improvements in mood, concentration, and overall mental wellbeing.
Improved relationships: Drug use can strain relationships with family and friends, and quitting can help repair and rebuild these connections.
Improved financial situation: Drug use can be expensive, and quitting can help improve a person’s financial situation by reducing spending on drugs and increasing the ability to work and earn money.
Overall, quitting drugs can lead to significant improvements in a person’s physical, emotional, and social wellbeing. It can be a challenging process, but with the right support and resources, it is possible to successfully quit and live a healthy, fulfilling life.


Aerial and Atmospheric Perspective
To create the impression of depth in your drawing or painting one of the techniques you need to utilise is atmospheric perspective, also known as aerial perspective. Atmospheric perspective results in objects further away from the viewer getting lighter in tone, bluer in color, more dull (colors less pure) and softer edged. The effect is due to the atmosphere between you and the object you are looking at.
Now if you are just drawing and painting with a single colored ink, most often black, then you can’t use color changes but you can still utilise tones and edges to create a feeling of depth in your work through atmospheric perspective.
To create a lighter tone with black ink you have to add water to it. When I am painting something that is to appear in the distance I find it easier to add some water to a little ink before I mark the paper. I then paint the distant objects with this lighter toned ink and water mixture. If you start drawing with your darkest ink and then add water to the paper to lighten it you may have to work harder to get the right tone than you need to. If you mix your lighter tone first you can test it on a scrap piece of paper and when it is right you can confidently draw or paint in your distance area in your landscape or artwork.
Then as you move closer towards the foreground in your drawing you can add more ink to your original mixture until you are painting with pure ink for your darkest tones.
Softer edges are creating by lightly drawing with your pen or painting with your brush into already wet areas or your work. Remember to use lighter toned mixes of ink and water when creating soft edges in the distance.


development of the disease
What is the danger of measles and how to protect yourself?
In connection with a measles outbreak, you need to know what the disease is and how to avoid it. Informed means armed.
What is special about measles?
Measles is a disease of acute viral nature. The main cunning of the disease is the very rapid spread by airborne droplets. It is very contagious. If a person has never received a vaccine and does not have immunity due to a previous illness, with a probability of 99% he will catch the infection when he comes in contact with measles.
Another insidious aspect of the virus is that there is no effective prevention to prevent it. Continue reading
Feeling of dryness in the mouth and in the eyes – signs of Sjogren’s syndrome
Dry mouth and the so-called dry eye syndrome are signs of many diseases, but if these symptoms are observed in a complex and chronic, it is possible that a person suffers from Sjogren’s syndrome. What is a disease and how to treat it?
Shegren’s syndrome, or dry syndrome, is a disease characterized by dry eye and mucous membrane of the mouth, which is associated with some autoimmune disease. The most common “companion” to Sjogren’s syndrome is inflammation of the joints, which has autoimmune nature.
How and why develops Sjogren’s syndrome? Continue reading


USDA-DOE Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy 2011 Awards
- Report download: PDF
Integrating the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) capabilities in genomic sequencing and analysis for production of biofuels with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) long experience in crop improvement, DOE and USDA are working together to fund projects that accelerate plant breeding programs and improve bioenergy feedstocks. Since 2006, dozens of projects have been funded by the DOE-USDA Plant Feedstock Genomics program, which is jointly supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research within DOE’s Office of Science and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. This pro-gram supports fundamental research in biomass genomics to provide the scientific foundation for the use of lignocellulosic materials, either primary material or agricultural resi-dues, for bioenergy and biofuels. Significant advances in breeding, molecular genetics, and genomic technologies provide an opportunity to build upon the existing knowledgebase of plant biology to be able to confidently predict and manipulate the biological function of plant genomes for bioenergy resources. Areas of interest include:
- Elucidation of the regulation of gene networks, proteins, and metabolites to improve plant feedstock productivity and sustainability, and to advance understanding of car-bon partitioning and nutrient cycling.
- Comparative approaches to enhance knowledge of the structure, function, and organization of plant genomes, leading to innovative strategies for feedstock characterization, breeding, or manipulation.
- Characterization of plant germplasm collections and advanced breeding lines of bioenergy crops to discover and deploy valuable alleles for key bio energy traits.
- Development of new cultivars of regionally adapted bio-energy feedstock crops in public breeding programs using innovative approaches to identify desirable traits and accelerate trait integration.
- Fundamental research to enhance translation of genomic information for bioenergy crops into cultivar improvement.
- Research into the complex interactions between bioenergy feedstock plants and their environment, and how these processes influence plant growth and development, expression of bioenergy-relevant traits, and adaptation to changing environments.
Investigators in these projects are characterizing the genes, proteins, and molecular interactions that influence lignocellulosic biomass production, and are using the outcomes to develop novel approaches to improve bioenergy feedstocks.


The Global Perspectives Hub
What is the GP Hub?
The Global Perspectives Hub is a digital curriculum for IGCSE and Lower Secondary Global Perspectives. This curriculum will help learners develop their academic writing and research skills, as well as critical thinking skills, communication skills and collaboration skills. The curriculum has been designed to support English Language Learners and students from a variety of cultural backgrounds. There are also ways to scale the lessons and activities for students from a range of academic ability levels.
I developed and used this curriculum with several cohorts of students, the majority of whom were English Language Learners. The cumulative results at IGCSE level speak for themselves:
38% of students earned an 'A' grade or higher.
67% of students earning a 'B' grade or higher.
Click here to access a sample topic lesson, or scroll down to see payment instructions and license terms.
IGCSE Global Perspectives Curriculum $150.
Lower Secondary curriculum $150.
You will receive an exact copy of the site for whichever level you've purchased, including all Google Forms, Slides, Docs, and other teaching materials.
Licenses are perpetual; one (1) teacher can use their license with multiple groups of students, forever.
Licenses are for one (1) teacher's use only; licenses are not shareable or transferrable, and shared email accounts are not acceptable - files will only be shared with an individual email account.
You'll need a free Gmail or other Google Account (if your school uses Google Classroom, for example, you may use your school email).
Payment is by PayPal or Stripe only (scroll down for links) - bank transfers are not acceptable.
For questions about licensing the Global Perspectives Hub, email email@example.com.


© 2023 Atmoph Inc.
Otago, New Zealand
Lake Hāwea is New Zealand's ninth largest lake. The lake is in the Otago Region at an altitude of 348 metres. It covers 141 km² and reaches 392 metres deep. Lake Hāwea is named after a Māori tribe who preceded the Waitaha people in the area.Lake Hāwea stretches 35 kilometres from north to south. It lies in a glacial valley formed during the last ice age, and is fed by the Hunter River. Nearby Lake Wānaka lies in a parallel glacial valley eight kilometres to the west. At their closest point, a rocky ridge called The Neck, the lakes are only 1000 metres apart. Lake Hāwea is dammed to the south by an ancient terminal moraine created some 10,000 years ago. In 1958 the lake was artificially raised 20 metres to store more water for increased hydroelectric power generation at the Roxburgh Dam.The only flat land around the lake is at its southern end, surrounding its outflow into the Hāwea River, a short tributary of the Clutha / Matau-au, which it joins near Albert Town. The settlement of Lake Hāwea is found at the lake's southern shore. The lake is a popular resort, well used in the summer for fishing, boating and swimming. The nearby mountains and fast-flowing rivers allow for adventure tourism year-round, such as jetboating and skiing.


human Albumin Primary Antibody
Albumin is a soluble, monomeric protein which comprises about one-half of the blood serum protein. Albumin functions primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and plays a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume. Albumin is a globular unglycosylated serum protein of molecular weight 65,000. Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted albumin.
Ascitic fluid containing 0.03% sodium azide.
4°C; -20°C for long term storage
Figure 1: Western blot analysis using human Albumin mouse mAb (lane 3, 4) and human IgG mouse mAb(lane 1, 2) against human serum (lane 1, 3) and plasma (lane 2, 4).
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.


Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-79 - Cross Site Scripting
Cross-Site Scripting, commonly referred to as XSS, is the most dominant class of vulnerabilities. It allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a pregnable web application and victimize its users. The exploitation of such a weakness can cause severe issues such as account takeover, and sensitive data exfiltration. Because of the prevalence of XSS vulnerabilities and their high rate of exploitation, it has remained in the OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities for years.


Silver bullion and U.S. Silver coinage When coins had intrinsic value
On September 9th, 1963 the price of pure silver hit $1.293 per ounce. That was a new record for the 20th century and it caused a problem for the U.S. Treasury Department: coins in circulation were now worth their face value. That is, counting the cost of refining to pure silver (coinage was 90% silver at that time), a silver dollar in the palm of your hand was actually worth one dollar for the value of the silver in it.
There were few if any silver dollars actually in circulation by 1963, but dimes, quarters and half dollars were and they also contained 90% silver. Silver dollars did turn up now and then — they were the chips used at casinos and were popular as Christmas presents.
Ten silver dimes would have weighed just a tiny bit less than one silver dollar, so even the minor coins were in danger of being worth more than their face value.
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Stereolithography – The First 3D Printing Technique
Delicate Shapes Made of Liquid Plastic
Stereolithography (SLA) is the oldest 3D printing process and is particularly suitable for the representation of especially thin-walled complex geometries. But it is also possible to produce solid components. Liquid photopolymers (e.g. epoxy resin) are used as the material, which are cured layer by layer with the aid of UV light. A 3D model, which must be available as a CAD file, serves as the data basis for the object to be printed. With “slicing”, the model is broken down into individual thin layers that specify the coordinates for the points at which the material is to be cured by UV light. Stereolithography is often used to create detailed demonstration objects or master models, as this technology allows the depiction of particularly delicate structures.
The exceptional advantage of additive manufacturing processes such as stereolithography is the great design freedom. Compared to conventional ablative or recasting processes (e.g. milling, turning, rolling or forging), cavities, undercuts and internal structures can be created easily without causing additional expenditure in production.
Technology with History
The American Charles “Chuck” Hull invented stereolithography in 1983 when, for his job at the time at Ultraviolet Products (UVP), he coated tables with a resilient plastic material that was cured under UV light. He developed his idea of using UV technology to produce objects directly from computer-based data in a small laboratory in his spare time. He wrote a computer program with the aim of targeting the irradiation at the spots where the plastic is to be cured. The basic process developed by Hull has not changed to this day. Liquid plastic is still being cured with coordinated UV radiation. However, the technology behind it has developed rapidly in recent years.


Describe the demographics of U.S. families. What percentage of children live with two married parents? With one parent?
Which major country has the higher percentage of single parents?
Name and describe the two dimensions of parenting. Explain how these yield four parenting styles.
Name and describe the four types of parenting styles. Be able to describe or recognize authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and rejecting/neglecting parents.
Identify outcomes associated with each parenting style.
Describe two critiques of Baumrind’s model. Have examples for each critique.
What is “child resiliency”? What are seven correlates of having greater resiliency?
Describe four (or more) reasons that psychologists are opposed to using spanking as a method of punishment.
Why is parental divorce an issue during middle childhood? What are the consequences/correlates of parental divorce?
How does income interact with school readiness prior to starting kindergarten?
What is the mainstream definition of intelligence? What do intelligence tests examine? Does IQ score correlate with school performance?
What is the WISC? What are its components?
Describe the normal distribution of WISC scores. What is the average (mean) score? What percentage is within the average range? What is the criterion for being called “gifted”? For having “intellectual disability”?
Describe Gardner’s and Sternberg’s approaches to conceptualizing intelligence. (What is “intelligence” in each theory?) (Hint: Know Gardner’s 8 and Sternberg’s 3 intelligences.)
What are the qualities of a good/successful school?
Terms to understand
- Parenting style
- Bidirectional effects
- Corporal punishment
- Intellectual disability


In June 1942, the U.S. Army began recruiting immigrants, the children of immigrants, refugees, and others with language skills and knowledge of enemy lands and cultures for a special military intelligence group being trained in the mountains of northern Maryland and sent into Europe and the Pacific. Ultimately, 15,000 men and some women received this specialized training and went on to make vital contributions to victory in World War II. This is their story, which Beverley Driver Eddy tells thoroughly and colorfully, drawing heavily on interviews with surviving Ritchie Boys.
The army recruited not just those fluent in German, French, Italian, and Polish (approximately a fifth were Jewish refugees from Europe), but also Arabic, Japanese, Dutch, Greek, Norwegian, Russian, Turkish, and other languages—as well as some 200 Native Americans and 200 WACs. They were trained in photo interpretation, terrain analysis, POW interrogation, counterintelligence, espionage, signal intelligence (including pigeons), mapmaking, intelligence gathering, and close combat.
Many landed in France on D-Day. Many more fanned out across Europe and around the world completing their missions, often in cooperation with the OSS and Counterintelligence Corps, sometimes on the front lines, often behind the lines. The Ritchie Boys’ intelligence proved vital during the liberation of Paris and the Battle of the Bulge. They helped craft the print and radio propaganda that wore down German homefront morale. If caught, they could have been executed as spies. After the war they translated and interrogated at the Nuremberg trials. One participated in using war criminal Klaus Barbie as an anti-communist agent. Meanwhile, Ritchie Boys in the Pacific Theater of Operations collected intelligence in Burma and China, directed bombing raids in New Guinea and the Philippines, and fought on Okinawa and Iwo Jima.
This is a different kind of World War II story, and Eddy tells it with conviction, supported by years of research and interviews.


After this year’s March Madness Tournament, many people are wondering whether predictive measures have any relation to outcome in the real world. Luckily, scientists are too busy to watch that many basketball games.
Since the best defense is a good offense, researchers from Luxembourg and Seattle teamed up to try to identify markers that could be used to accurately predict the outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). They compared extracellular microRNAs from CLL patients to those from healthy controls and patients with other types of hematological malignancies. Here is what they found:
- Patients with CLL had significantly more circulating miRNA species than healthy controls
- The levels of specific miRNAs were able to stratify CLL patients into different clinical subgroups.
- A putative regulatory network involving miRNAs appears to regulate BCL2 and ZAP-70 in CLL.
- The level of miR-20a in the plasma of CLL patients correlated with the time from diagnosis to treatment.
The specific microRNAs identified by this team may assist in the early diagnosis of CLL and accurate stratification of CLL patients, currently the best lines of defense against this disease.
For the play-by-play see PNAS April 2011.


The Nail in the Fence
Here is a wonderful story from my never-ending notebook and everlasting coloured pencil that I taught the children in my Year 4 class many years ago.
There once was a little boy who had a bad temper. His Father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence. The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence.
Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down. He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence.
Finally the day came when the boy didn’t lose his temper at all. He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.
The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence He said, “You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one.”
• So what’s this story offering you today?
• How can you pass on this story’s message on to your children ?
Pass It Forward and tell all your friends
If you have found this blog helpful and thought provoking please pass it forward to your friends, colleagues, schools and nurseries……. because as they say….“Alone we can do so little together we can do so much”


Analysis of Patterns in the Harmonics of a String with Artificially Enforced Nodes
(1) Good Shepherd International School, Tamil Nadu, India, (2) Eisco Scientific North America, Victor, New York
This study examines the higher harmonics in an oscillating string by analyzing the sound produced by a guitar with a spectrum analyzer. Higher harmonics of a string are simultaneously oscillating modes which have frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency of the string. These harmonics can be viewed on an audio spectrum analyzer. They are always present in an oscillating string and contribute to its timbre and tonal quality. Specific higher harmonics can be produced directly by placing nodes (points where the string cannot oscillate) at different lengths along a string. The tone thus produced lacks the fundamental frequency but also has a very different harmonic structure. In a guitar string, for example, it is this harmonic structure which gives rise to the very different tonal quality of a plucked harmonic as compared to the directly excited pitch of the same frequency. We mathematically hypothesized that the higher harmonics in the series of the directly excited 2nd harmonic contain the alternate frequencies of the fundamental series, the higher harmonics of the directly excited 3rd harmonic series contain every third frequency of fundamental series, and so on. We also verify a simple mathematical relationship between two different harmonic series arising from two different boundary conditions that feature the same fundamental mode. To test our hypotheses, we enforced artificial nodes to excite the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th harmonics directly, and analyzed the resulting spectrum to verify the mathematical hypothesis. The data analysis corroborates both hypotheses.


Did You Know?
Vincent Van Gogh's last words were, 'La tristesse durera toujours', which means, 'The sadness will last forever'.
Letter from Theo van Gogh to Elisabeth van Gogh
Theo to his sister Lies
5th August 1890
To say we must be grateful that he rests - I still hesitate to do so. Maybe I should call it one of the great cruelties of life on this earth and maybe we should count him among the martyrs who died with a smile on their face.
He did not wish to stay alive and his mind was so calm because he had always fought for his convictions, convictions that he had measured against the best and noblest of his predecessors. His love for his father, for the gospel, for the poor and the unhappy, for the great men of literature and painting, is enough proof for that. In the last letter which he wrote me and which dates from some four days before his death, it says, “I try to do as well as certain painters whom I have greatly loved and admired.” People should realize that he was a great artist, something which often coincides with being a great human being. In the course of time this will surely be acknowledged, and many will regret his early death. He himself wanted to die, when I sat at his bedside and said that we would try to get him better and that we hoped that he would then be spared this kind of despair, he said, “La tristesse durera toujours” [The sadness will last forever]. I understood what he wanted to say with those words.
A few moments later he felt suffocated and within one minute he closed his eyes. A great rest came over him from which he did not come to life again.


A place to come for supports and strategies
The Mulgrave Learning Center uses effective, evidence-based strategies to support students in achieving their personal best and becoming successful lifelong learners. Working collaboratively with students, their teachers, and families, our Learning Strategists provide personalised and intentional approaches that build upon each student’s unique strengths and capacities. Centered on the learner, our team supports skill development in critical areas such as time management, organisation, reading effectiveness, study strategies, and self-advocacy.
The department collaborates with our classroom teachers to implement methods and strategies designed to differentiate and support students’ education. These include:
In class strategies and supports with a focus on explicit instruction, comprehension strategies, scaffolding, executive functioning skills, mnemonics and organisational strategies for learning
Working with intentional learning strategies specific to the unique needs of the learner
In partnership with families, teachers and the students, Learning Strategists work with students in many ways:
Small group lessons hone in on study skills and organisation, and
Through personalised strategies, students gain a clear understanding of their particular learning needs, equipping them for life at Mulgrave, university, and beyond.
By developing these strategies with intention, we collectively tap into each child’s potential.


A study published in this month’s Journal of Animal Science found that raising a pound of beef in the U.S. today uses significantly fewer natural resources, including land, water, feed and fuel than in the past. “The Environmental Impact of Beef Production in the U.S.: 1977 compared with 2007” (Journal of Animal Science, Dec. 18, 2011) by Jude Capper, Ph.D., Washington State University, documents that each pound of beef raised in 2007 used 33% less land, 12% less water, 19% less feed and 9% less fossil fuel energy than equivalent beef production in 1977. Waste outputs were similarly reduced, shrinking the carbon footprint of beef by 16.3% in 30 years.
According to Capper’s research, improvements in the way cattle are raised and fed in the U.S. between 1977 and 2007 yielded 13% more total beef from 30% fewer animals. Raising more beef from fewer animals maximizes natural resources while providing essential nutrients for the human diet. Focusing resources to provide more nutrient-rich foods like beef is a critical success factor in meeting nutrition needs at home and abroad.
This project was supported by the beef checkoff program through a research grant from state beef councils in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Washington.


Childhood obesity is a challenging public health issue facing communities throughout the U.S. Local efforts are believed to be essential to assuring environments that support physical activity and healthy food/beverage consumption among children and their families. However, little is known about how broadly and intensively communities are implementing combinations of programs and policies that address childhood nutrition, physical activity, and weight control. The Healthy Communities Study is a nationwide scientific study in diverse communities to identify characteristics of communities and programs that may be associated with childhood obesity. Data collection occurred in 2013–2015; data analysis will be completed in 2016. As part of the Healthy Communities Study, researchers designed a measurement system to assess the number and scope of community programs and policies and to examine possible associations between calculated “intensity” scores for these programs and policies and behavioral and outcome measures related to healthy weight among children. This report describes the protocol used to capture and code instances of community programs and policies, to characterize attributes of community programs and policies related to study hypotheses, and to calculate the intensity of combinations of community programs and policies (i.e., using the attributes of change strategy, duration, and reach).
Fawcett, Stephen B., Vicki L. Collie-Akers, Jerry A. Schultz, and Melinda Kelley. "Measuring Community Programs and Policies in the Healthy Communities Study." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 49.4 (2015): 636-41.


High School Painting And Drawing Projects
View exceptional high school painting and drawing projects by Art students from around the world. These fine art projects have been completed as part of a range of high school qualifications, such as GCSE, IGCSE, A Level, NCEA, IB and AP Visual Art. The projects are centred around drawing, painting and related media (including mixed media) and are accompanied by detailed discussion so that you can understand the ideas and processes explored.
If you have a drawing or painting project that you would like featured upon the Student Art Guide, please read our submission guidelines.
AP Studio Art Drawing Portfolio: tips from a student who gained 100%
A selection of works and commentaries from Ratthamnoon Prakitpong, a graduate from Thai Chinese International School in Bangkok, Thailand. Ratthamnoon was one of sixteen students worldwide to receive a score of 100% on his AP Studio Art Drawing Portfolio in 2015.
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August 15, 2018
During his six years in Mashhad’s Vakil Abad prison, Amir Mirzaian befriended the other young men in his ward. “They were just like any other teenager,” he says. After his release, many of the friends he had made during his imprisonment were swiftly executed and buried in secret, unmarked mass graves.
In Iran, the prison massacre of 1988 is remembered by survivors and victims’ families, through the telling of stories like Mr. Mirzaian’s. He recalls, with great fondness, a memory of the young men with whom he shared a cell. He also morosely describes their tragic deaths, and the torture and harassment their families were forced to endure by authorities. After his friends’ executions, the location of their bodies—in unmarked mass graves—was ordered by Iranian officials to be kept secret. This secrecy deprived families of important burial rites.
Mr. Mirzaian still has nightmares about those times. His recollections of the incarceration, torture and mass-executions of prisoners, and about the aftermath of mass-graves and government’s harassment of victims’ families, fit into a pattern of crimes against humanity committed against some 4,000-5,000 individuals and their families 30 years ago. There has been no redress or accountability for these crimes. Amir Mirzaian hopes that history will not repeat itself.


The purpose of an ELISA is to determine if a particular protein is present in a sample and if so, how much. There are two main variations on this method: you can determine how much antibody is in a sample, or you can determine how much protein is bound by an antibody. The distinction is whether you are trying to quantify an antibody or some other protein. In this example, we will use an ELISA to determine how much of a particular antibody is present in an individuals blood.
ELISAs are performed in 96-well plates which permits high throughput results. The bottom of each well is coated with a protein to which will bind the antibody you want to measure. Whole blood is allowed to clot and the cells are centrifuged out to obtain the clear serum with antibodies (called primary antibodies). The serum is incubated in a well, and each well contains a different serum (see figure below). A positive control serum and a negative control serum would be included among the 96 samples being tested.
After some time, the serum is removed and weakly adherent antibodies are washed off with a series of buffer rinses. To detect the bound antibodies, a secondary antibody is added to each well. The secondary antibody would bind to all human antibodies and is typically produced in a rodent. Attached to the secondary antibody is an enzyme such as peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase. These enzymes can metabolize colorless substrates (sometimes called chromagens) into colored products. After an incubation period, the secondary antibody solution is removed and loosely adherent ones are washed off as before. The final step is the addition the enzyme substrate and the production of colored product in wells with secondary antibodies bound.
When the enzyme reaction is complete, the entire plate is placed into a plate reader and the optical density (i.e. the amount of colored product) is determined for each well. The amount of color produced is proportional to the amount of primary antibody bound to the proteins on the bottom of the wells. The University of Arizona has an excellent QuickTime animation and quiz if you want further information.
© Copyright 2002 Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28036
Send comments, questions, and suggestions to: email@example.com


Distracted driving is the problem that just doesn’t seem to go away. Even with the near-nationwide bans on texting while driving and Minnesota’s recent hands-free laws, drivers still find themselves distracted while behind the wheel. Unfortunately, while these distractions might seem innocuous, anything that takes a driver’s focus from the safe operation of a vehicle can result in deadly collisions.
The Distracted Driving Report, published in 2019, looked at data pooled from a national sample of 844,000 drivers. The report noted several interesting trends, including:
- Distracted drivers are 21 times more likely to speed and 12 times more likely to rapidly accelerate
- Distracted drivers are seven times more likely to hard brake to avoid a collision
- Drivers are more than twice as likely to use their cell phone while driving during the evening commute than the morning commute
- Teens and parents are almost equal when it comes to distracted driving phone use
While the use of cell phones is generally considered the most common type of driving distraction, there are countless other distractions, including:
- Eating and drinking
- Personal grooming
- Manipulating a GPS navigation system
- Manipulating a sound system
- Conversations with other vehicle occupants
Distractions can be either manual, visual or cognitive in nature and they always result in a loss of focus. As noted in the report, drivers often speed and are forced to hard-brake to avoid a collision. With attention placed squarely on the task at hand, drivers can safely commute to or from work and avoid serious injuries.
If you were injured or you lost a loved one in a fatal vehicle collision, it is wise to contact an experienced motor vehicle accident attorney for guidance.


How to be a global learner using the Global Learning Opportunities Building Engagement (GLOBE) educational model. GLOBE is used in the following courses: Selected Topics in Management, International Business, Management of Information Systems, Strategic Management, and Global Management.
How can you impact your local community by contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (Global Goals)? What activities are you using in your workplace to connect with others and to engage in global opportunities? What strategies are you adding to your professional and personal life to be a global learner and a global performer? Be a global learner.
Global Learning Adventures – The Steel Industry in Port Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
Global Learning Adventures in Port Sagunto, Valencia, Spain. Blast Furnace Nº.2 is the only surviving blast furnace tower of the three that were in operation at the height of the steel industry’s activity in Puerto de Sagunto. The structure, which is 64 metres high, was built in 1922 and rebuilt in the 1960s. Operating at 1000 degrees centigrade, it was used to create the steel and iron that was employed in the large construction projects of the 20th-century, such as the building known as the “finca de hierro” in Valencia, the Windsor building in Madrid, the Telefonica building in Seville and the Seat factory in Barcelona. Following its restoration, it received the Europa Nostra 2012 (European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage) Award. Visitors to the furnace tower can discover how it worked and find out about the steel-making industry that gave rise to the Port of Sagunto. (http://www.valenciaturisme.org/en/municipio/sagunto)
Presentation done during convocation at Florida State College – Kent Campus. Professors shared their travel pictures emphasizing in local, regional, or national issues. Knowing about different countries and cultures is important to understand diversity and unity and to explore the challenges of doing business internationally.


Acute Pain causing extreme discomfort to the Child will happen because of many reasons, one of the commonest of these is Otitis media which is a buildup of fluid in the middle ear, the space between the eardrum and the inner ear. The middle ear is usually filled with air. Sometimes it gets filled with fluid or mucus, for example during a cold.
Acute otitis media often causes symptoms to be more severe at night, as the position of the head while lying down may cause pressure changes in the middle ear that increase pain.
- severe earache, due to the pressure of the mucus on the eardrum,
- flu-like symptoms in children, such as vomiting and lethargy
- difficulty hearing
- difficulty sleeping, and
- in some cases, there may be discharge from the ear or a feeling of fullness in the ear.
Babies with ear infections will be hot and irritable. They cannot point to the source of discomfort so it can be hard to tell what is wrong with a baby, but an ear infection is one possibility to consider if your baby is unsettled in this way.
Around 80% of cases of acute otitis media clear up within three days.
Perforated ear drums also usually heal by themselves.
Pain killing drugs like paracetamol or ibuprofen may be used to control the symptoms of otitis media (pain and fever).
Nose drops containing decongestants may be used to reduce the swelling of the mucous membranes in the nose and back of the throat. In theory, this will help to keep the Eustachian tubes clear and allow mucus to drain from the middle ear.


Convert IP to Decimal/HEX/Binary format
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What is an IP?
Each computer, released in the world wide web, gets its unique number, called the IP-address.
An IP address is a number assigned to a device on a network. This IP address allows your computer to be found on the network (the internet), allowing the packets to be routed to your computer. In the global Internet requires a unique address, if you are working in a local network requires a unique address within the network. The most common version is IPv4 which is a 32 bit numeric address in the format www.xxx.yyy.zzz. The newer version, IPv6, is a 128 bit HEX address in the format of a1a1:b2b2:c3c3:d4d4:e5e5:f6f6:g7g7:h8h8.
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What Does Keylogger Mean?
A keylogger is a technology that tracks and records consecutive key strokes on a keyboard. Because sensitive information such as usernames and passwords are often entered on a keyboard, a keylogger can be a very dangerous technology. Keyloggers are often part of malware, spyware or an external virus.
Techopedia Explains Keylogger
There are many different kinds of keyloggers based on diverse keylogging methods. These include hardware and software keyloggers. Software keyloggers can be built into rootkits or other less detectable forms, and can infiltrate a computer in various ways. Hardware keyloggers can be fitted into the line from a keyboard to a device. Other more esoteric forms of keyloggers are based on electromagnetic emanations from hardware, which are addressed by emissions security protocols.
While keylogging is an ever-present danger in many parts of the tech world, some new technologies are keylogger-resistant. The touch screen interfaces of mobile devices often render conventional keyloggers useless, and visual methods like drop-down box selections can also provide a foil to keyloggers, given a secure data entry method for these selections. In many cases, however, keylogging can be very effective, and is becoming a serious issue for the average technology user.


Papal Influences During the Crusades
The Crusades were a long series of spiritually inspired military campaigns, usually though not always aimed at conquering territory ruled by various Muslim empires. Because of the spiritual nature of the Crusades, popes had a substantial influence in calling for and determining the goals of a Crusade. However, popes would often lose control of the crusaders as various princes and rulers would use the spiritual elements of a crusade for economic and political gain.
1 The First Crusade
The First Crusade was called by Pope Urban II in 1096 after the Byzantines requested help fighting the Turks. Urban's call was answered by a significant number of European princes, and to ensure his continued influence over the direction of the Crusade, Urban appointed Adhemar, bishop of Le Puy, as spiritual leader of the Crusades. Though Adhemar was instrumental in the early phases, he died of typhus before the Siege of Jerusalem in 1099. When the city was ultimately conquered, the various princes divided the land between themselves.
2 The Second and Third Crusades
Pope Eugene III called for a Second Crusade in 1145, a call answered by Kings Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany. After this Crusade failed and led to the recapturing of Jerusalem by the forces of Saladin, Pope Gregory VIII called for a Third Crusade in 1189. Despite the fact that Richard I of England, Phillip II of France and Frederick I of Germany all participated, the Crusade still failed to retake Jerusalem.
3 The Fourth Crusade
While the Second and Third Crusades demonstrated the pope's inability to control crusaders despite his spiritual influence in compelling kings to fight, the Fourth Crusade points to a total failure of the pope. In response to the failure of the Third Crusade, Pope Innocent III called for a new Crusade in 1198. The crusaders, however, led by the Venetian army, deviated from their initial target of Egypt and attacked Christian Constantinople, the wealthy Byzantine capital.
4 Subsequent Crusades
The failure of the Fourth Crusade did not stop popes from attempting to rally the armies of Western Europe under a spiritual banner, though the subsequent Crusades did not lead to widespread participation by the monarchs of Europe as the first few had. This points to a decline in papal influence, which was reflected on a bigger scale, as the power of the Papacy was declining in relation to regional political powers.


Click here to see other articles relating to word Altar
Altar: The altar can consist of several groups of objects. Formally, the altar consists of three objects representing the Body, speech, and mind of The Buddha. A statue of a Buddha or Bodhisattva placed in the center.
A sacred text representing the speech of The Buddha; this is wrapped in maroon or yellow cloth and placed on the left side. On the right side of the altar, a Stupa represents the mind of The Buddha. Pictures may be used as substitutes for all of these objects.
altar (gan 龕)
The basic meaning of the word gan in the context of East Asian Buddhist is "stupa," or more specifically, the space within a stupa where relics of the Buddha or an eminent monk are enshrined. By extension, gan came to refer to stupa-shaped coffins that are used in the funerals of monks and lay people, and to the stupa-shaped niches or alcoves that are used to enshrine a variety of Buddhist images (e.g bodhisattvas, ancestral teachers, devas).
Because those images are the foci of prayers and offerings, the alcoves (gan 龕) that house them may aptly be called "altars." The Sacred Monk's altar (shōgan 聖龕) found in the sangha halls (sōdō 僧堂) and meditation halls (zendō 禪堂) of Zen monasteries is usually a roofed alcove that is enclosed on three sides and has a stupa-shaped opening in front. "stupa"


Political History Ireland
The political conflicts in Northern Ireland originate from many different sources. The complex issues have greatly affected the British colony for many centuries. A research paper on any aspect of the political history of Ireland and it will review the conflicts, primarily since 1920.
- After a brief summary of the geography of Northern Ireland, the two main political parties and their perspectives will be explained.
- Next, theories of the cause of the conflict will be covered, as will proposed solution.
- Finally, the steps toward peace in the last decade will be explained.
Since 1920 Northern Ireland has been a part of the United Kingdom, however geographically it is located on the island of Ireland. Northern Ireland has six counties and the population is over 1.5 million. Formally known as Ulster, after the former province, its capital city is Belfast. Northern Ireland comprises only one-sixth of the land mass of the island, measuring 110 miles east and west, and 85 miles north and south.
The history of the conflict in Ireland originated, many believe, in the 16th century, when Irish Catholics were forced to leave the North. England moved Presbyterians from Scotland and Northern England to replace the Catholics. This moved was intended to populate Northern Ireland with docile, compliant residents. However, the original Catholics did not succumb quietly, and eventually attempted to move back home. Until recently, Unionists decorated their streets every July 12th to celebrate the 1620 victory of William III, a protestant, over the Catholic James II.
Today, the term used by most citizens of Northern Ireland to describe the political conflict is "the Northern Irish problem." Unfortunately, this term has little meaning because the problem is perceived differently depending on the points of view of the participants. Some of the population would like to see the restoration of a united Ireland, while others prefer to remain tied to the United Kingdom. This core conflict has been made complicated by decades of violence as well as differences in political beliefs. In addition, the disparity between the rich and the poor has added to the conflict. In the 1800's the standard of living in the north rose as industry flourished. The south was owned mostly by the Protestants, resulting in poverty for Catholics.


Fact Sheet Summary
This vegetated buffers fact sheet explains how trees, shrubs, high grasses, perennials, and other vegetation can be strategically planted to help slow, capture, and filter runoff and reduce stormwater impacts. Vegetated buffers protect water quality by intercepting and taking up nutrients and pollutants that can pose health risks to people and wildlife, while also reducing flooding and drainage problems. A vegetated buffer is a relatively easy, effective, and low-cost option for reducing stormwater impacts.
For the complete PDF version of the fact sheet, download Stormwater Solutions for Homeowners Fact Sheet: Vegetated Buffers (PDF, 9 MB).
Other Available Stormwater Solutions Fact Sheets
Fact sheets are currently available on these techniques:
- “Green” Lawn and Garden Practices - Environmentally friendly yard care methods—such as planting native species, conserving water, and reducing fertilizer and chemical use—help to protect water quality and can save time and money.
- Rain Gardens - Rain gardens are specially designed and planted depressions in the ground that collect, filter, and treat stormwater.
- Vegetated Swales - Vegetated swales are channels with moisture-loving plants and amended soils that intercept, treat, and slowly convey stormwater runoff to where it can be effectively infiltrated.
- Reducing Impervious Surfaces - Impervious surfaces (such as asphalt driveways and concrete patios) allow greater volumes of stormwater to flow quickly offsite, carrying contaminants and causing local flooding and erosion. Replacing impervious surfaces with gravel driveways, planted areas, and other options that infiltrate or absorb water can significantly reduce stormwater problems.
- Minimizing Contaminants - Household contaminants—such as oil from automobiles, toxins from pesticides and cleaning products, and bacteria from pet waste and septic systems—can contribute to stormwater pollution. But simple changes at home, from reducing fertilizer use to properly disposing of batteries and other hazardous household products, can help keep inland and coastal waters clean.
- Preventing Erosion - Stormwater can carry sediments that fill storm drains, obstruct channels, smother wetlands, and cause other water quality and habitat impacts. Erosion and sediment controls can help slow and redirect stormwater, reducing erosion and capturing sediments and attached pollutants on site.


But Thomson added that these projects did not typically attract private investors, for a number of reasons, including deal size, revenue streams and the risk/return profile.
Thomson said: “Climate change and nature are fundamentally connected: on one hand, unmitigated climate change can lead to significant loss of biodiversity and on the other hand, if the current rate of nature loss and degradation continues, the effects of climate change will be amplified, potentially leading us beyond climate tipping points.
“Nature has the potential to be an invaluable partner in our fight against climate change; indeed it is estimated that the biosphere and oceans currently sequester around 55 per cent of anthropogenic GHG emissions and this is where nature-based solutions come in.”
Nature-based solutions (NbS) are actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems. Some examples include afforestation, mangrove protection, agroforestry and green roofs and walls in urban areas.
Thomson said although there was debate around the exact climate mitigation potential of NbS, there was broad consensus that the magnitude of that potential was large.
He added: “Unlike engineered-based mitigation solutions, such as carbon capture technology or direct air capture technology, NbS exist today and are cost effective to implement.”
“Investment in NbS has thus far been mainly the domain of government or philanthropic funders, but there is a significant funding gap relative to what is required. Private investment can help meet this gap.
“However, for a variety of reasons, such as deal size, revenue streams and risk/return profile, these projects often do not attract private investors. The exception to this is the carbon offset market, where corporates can offset their own emissions by purchasing NbS carbon credits that remove carbon from the atmosphere.
“Although carbon offsets can play an important role in mitigating climate change, companies must ensure that reducing their emission footprint is central to their decarbonisation strategy before offsets are used.”


Assignment: Secondary Source Analysis #1
Questions For Secondary Source Analysis #1 (Please Choose Only One Article from those listed below, all are in the course pack)
- Kathleen Brown’s The Anxious World of the Slaveowning Patriarch (Section 1, p.37)
- Philip Morgan’s The Effects of Paternalism Among Whites and Blacks (Section 2, p. 73)
- Sylvia Frey’s The Impact of African American Resistance During the War (Section 3, p. 91)
- Edmund Morgan’s Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox (Section 4, p. 116)
Based on your reading of one of the four above articles (all are in the course pack), answer the following questions in detail, save as a .doc or .pdf, and place submit by the due date.
ANALYZING A SECONDARY SOURCE
1. Who is this author and what are his/her credentials? (you may have to do a little research here)
2. Who are the key people in this article?
3. What are the key events?
4. What are the key subjects?
5. Is this article based on primary sources or other secondary sources?
6. Name one primary source the historian uses.
7. What is the main argument or thesis?
8. How does the writer build her/his argument?
9. How would you critique or question this argument?
*Remember, you will be graded on the depth of your analysis and the detail of your answers.


In the Aggaññasutta (DN 27) there is a series of vegetations that evolve as foodstuff for beings. It’s not always obvious what exactly they are.
After the disappearance of the first food, “earth nectar”, there appears bhūmipappaṭaka. Bhūmi is “earth, ground”, while pappaṭaka is said in Pali dictionaries to be a water plant or a mushroom.
The Sanskrit parallels here have parpaṭaka, which is the same in both the Hybrid Sanskrit Mahavastu and the Mulasarvativada Vinaya in classical Sanskrit. The dominant sense is a “thin cake” (“papadam”), but as so often with Sanskrit there are several other senses too.
The reading here is unclear, as some Pali manuscripts have pappāṭika. There is another Sanskrit word prapāṭikā in the sense of a young sprout or tendril, while the Pali papaṭikā (or pappaṭikā) is said to mean either “bark” or “sprout”.
The unifying sense of “thin cake” and “bark” would be “crust”, and perhaps that is the sense here, a layer or crust formed on the earth.
But there is another reference at pli-tv-bu-vb-pj1:2.2.5, where Moggallāna suggests that, to alleviate famine, the monks might eat the pappaṭakojaṁ (“pappaṭaka-nutrition”) under the earth. It seems hard to reconcile this with the sense “crust”, and more likely it is a kind of tendril that lives underground.
In DN 27, they are compared to mushrooms. I think these are the fungal mycelia of a mycorrhizal network. Such fungi spread like tendrils underground, sometimes appearing above the surface, and facilitate sharing of nutrients and information between organisms.
I will probably translate it, then, as “ground-fungus”. @Brahmali you currently have “sprouts”, what do you think?


How Fast Can A Wasp Fly?
A wasp can fly up to 35 miles per hour.
A wasp is a flying insect that is closely related to bees and ants. Wasps can fly at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour.
How Fast Can A Wasp Fly In Mph?
Wasp’s can fly up to 25mph.
-A wasp can fly up to 25mph.
-A wasp’s wingspan is about 3/4 of an inch.
-A wasp can fly for about 30 minutes at a time.
A wasp’s flying speed depends on a few factors, including the size of the wasp and the wind speed. A small wasp can fly up to 25mph, while a larger wasp can reach speeds of up to 30mph. In general, though, wasps tend to fly at speeds between 10-15mph.
How Fast Can A Wasp Fly In Km/h?
A wasp can fly at a speed of up to 35 km/h.
How fast can a wasp fly in km/h?
According to research, the average wasp can fly at speeds of up to 25 km/h. However, some wasps have been known to fly at speeds of up to 40 km/h! So, if you’re ever being chased by a wasp, you might want to pick up the pace a little bit!
How Fast Can A Wasp Fly In Feet Per Second?
How Fast Can A Wasp Fly In Meters Per Second?
A wasp can fly at speeds of up to 30mph.
If you still have any questions about how fast wasps can fly, feel free to comment below.


Anticholinergics are widely used for the treatment of COPD, and to a lesser extent for asthma. Primarily used as bronchodilators, they reverse the action of vagally derived acetylcholine on airway smooth muscle contraction. Recent novel studies suggest that the effects of anticholinergics likely extend far beyond inducing bronchodilation, as the novel anticholinergic drug tiotropium bromide can effectively inhibit accelerated decline of lung function in COPD patients. Vagal tone is increased in airway inflammation associated with asthma and COPD; this results from exaggerated acetylcholine release and enhanced expression of downstream signaling components in airway smooth muscle. Vagally derived acetylcholine also regulates mucus production in the airways. A number of recent research papers also indicate that acetylcholine, acting through muscarinic receptors, may in part regulate pathological changes associated with airway remodeling. Muscarinic receptor signalling regulates airway smooth muscle thickening and differentiation, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, acetylcholine and its synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), are ubiquitously expressed throughout the airways. Most notably epithelial cells and inflammatory cells generate acetylcholine, and express functional muscarinic receptors. Interestingly, recent work indicates the expression and function of muscarinic receptors on neutrophils is increased in COPD. Considering the potential broad role for endogenous acetylcholine in airway biology, this review summarizes established and novel aspects of muscarinic receptor signaling in relation to the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma and COPD.


Isaiah 29: 1-2. “Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! Add ye year to year; let them kill sacrifices. Yet I will distress Ariel, and there shall be heaviness, and sorrow; and it shall be unto me as Ariel.”
Hebrew Meaning: The name Ariel is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Ariel is: Sprite; lion of God. A biblical alternate name for Jerusalem.
God’s promise is sure. Years may pass, and hundreds of sacrifices made; yet the judgment on Jerusalem will not fail.
You know, the idea that we can somehow out-god God has existed since Lucifer, the Light-Bearer, the most beautiful angel of all, decided to be greater than God. His pride took him and those who followed him to a terrible doom. Yet, their spirit of rebellion has infected the heart of mankind. We think we’re smarter than God, that we understand how to live way better than He does. We have ceased to fear (respect) the power of God, and it will eventually be to our sorrow that we have become so full of ourselves that we forget He’s watching; that our rebellion breaks His heart; that our worldliness grieves Him in His holiness.
Jerusalem paid the price, more than once. Sometimes I really believe that all of humanity has a wish to self-destruct, because we just keep repeating the same sin over and over again. Rebellion. Pride, Selfishness. Cold hearts of unbelief.
One thought on “Woe to Jerusalem”
So very sad.
LikeLiked by 1 person


Natural gas is a key source of energy in Poland. Our conventional gas resources are insufficient to satisfy domestic demand. Like other countries, Poland aims to achieve self-sufficiency in terms of oil and gas production. To this end, we are tracking new unconventional sources of oil gas that occur deep below the ground in a belt running across north, central and southeast Poland.
Shale gas production requires application of advanced technologies (see Technologies page) and a thorough knowledge of the gas and of the rocks it is accumulated in. It is geologists' task to investigate and provide as much as possible complete knowledge on properties and prospectiveness of these fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
Black shales – the source rock of natural gas – formed in ancient seas of Ordovician and Silurian (485–420 million years ago). Argillaceous-mudstone sediments with an admixture of organic matter were deposited at the sea bottom. With time the sediments, covered by successive layers and progressively buried in the Earth crust, were transformed into shale rocks. It is geologist's first task to determine the conditions of shale rock formation and the range of their occurrence (read more on this subject in Age of shales and The environment of shale formation).
Shale rocks are a mixture of several components: minerals, fossils, organic matter and pore space between them. From the perspective of oil and gas exploration, the content of good quality orgcanic matter is a precondition for the formation of hydrocarbons. Nonetheless, details of mineral composition and of the voids – pores in the shale rock are essential for an in-depth estimation of the reserves and potential for commercial production (read more in Shale characterization).
Based on all collected data, geologist are capable to estimate gas resources in Poland and across the world as well as specify areas with high probability of shale gas occurrence (read more in Shale gas resources - Poland, Shale gas resources - Europe and Shale gas resources – USA).
author: Hubert Kiersnowski


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It happened in the days when the judges judged, that there was a famine in the land. A certain man of Bethlehem Judah went to live in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons.
The name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehem Judah. They came into the country of Moab, and continued there.
Elimelech, Naomi's husband, died; and she was left, and her two sons.
They took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they lived there about ten years.
Mahlon and Chilion both died, and the woman was bereaved of her two children and of her husband.
Then she arose with her daughters-in-law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that Yahweh had visited his people in giving them bread.
She went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters-in-law with her; and they went on the way to return to the land of Judah.
Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, "Go, return each of you to her mother's house: Yahweh deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead, and with me.
Yahweh grant you that you may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband." Then she kissed them, and they lifted up their voice, and wept.
They said to her, "No, but we will return with you to your people."


What is DBT?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy, or DBT, is a type of therapy that is effective in helping people with emotional regulation. Dialectical behavior therapy is an offshoot of cognitive behavior therapy, a well-known therapy often used to treat anxiety and depression, as well as a variety of other conditions. DBT is based on the concept of dialectics, as well as on principles of behavioral theory.
A “dialectic” is two seemingly opposite concepts that can both be seen as true. One central dialectic in DBT is that of acceptance and change. We teach people to accept the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that they experience and at the same time, work towards improvement in a healthy way. Another central dialectic is that of emotion and rationality. We teach people to recognize and experience their emotions and at the same time, recognize and react effectively in line with their goals.
DBT uses four sets of skills to help individuals act effectively when faced with overwhelming emotions:
This is the foundational set of skills that underlies the other three. The objective of mindfulness is awareness. Individuals with emotion dysregulation are taught to pay close attention to internal signals and experiences as well as external ones.
This ability to shift attention toward – and away from – various stimuli provides building blocks for recognizing and appropriately adjusting emotions, thoughts, and behavior.


Quotes from the Jewish Bible about Peace
The Hebrew Bible has no shortage of beautiful expressions about yearning for peace.
How to Read the Book of Proverbs
We don't read it in synagogue, and we aren't used to reading collections of maxims like this — so how should we get the most out of reading Proverbs?
Huldah the Prophetess
Without her, we wouldn't have the fifth book of the Torah.
A book that challenges the rest of the Bible by asking how a good God can permit so much suffering.
Faith Took Abraham Far — Love Took Him Even Farther
The first Jew is widely regarded as a man of faith, but he was also a man of deep love.
A warrior and prophetess, she's the only woman in the Hebrew Bible with hard political power who is portrayed positively.
Rebecca the Superheroine
Isaac's wife and Jacob's mother, the second matriarch survived a difficult pregnancy and engineered the future of the Jewish people.
The Shunamite Woman: A Model of Radical Empathy
Because she had a special relationship with the prophet Elisha, her child was miraculously conceived and miraculously resurrected.
A story about prophecy and repentance—but not in the way you think.
He could kill a lion or topple a temple with his bare hands, but succumbed to the love of a treacherous woman. Many wild traditions circulated about the first Jewish superhero.


Cooling Tower Estimating Model and Guide
The Cooling Tower Estimating Model and guide, Taking Inventory: A Guide for Identifying Cooling Towers and Estimating Water Use were created through AWE’s Cooling Technology Study.
Cooling Tower Estimating Model (CTEM)
The AWE Cooling Tower Estimating Model (CTEM) is an Excel-based tool that provides an estimated range of the number of water-cooled facilities, number of cooling towers, total cooling capacity, water use, and water conservation potential for a utility service area based on a minimal amount of input data. CTEM can also be used to develop a cooling tower inventory, a critical first step in creating or refining a cooling tower water efficiency program.
Base features of CTEM can be used with the following data inputs:
- Country (United States or Canada)
- State or Province
- County (for U.S. locations)
- Service Population
- Water Quality (measured in total dissolved solids (TDS) or conductivity)
Taking Inventory: A Guide for Identifying Cooling Towers and Estimating Water Use
Taking Inventory: A Guide for Identifying Cooling Towers and Estimating Water Use is a companion to CTEM, providing instruction on how to use the model, identify cooling towers, and initiate a cooling tower inventory.
The development of CTEM and this guide is a key step to increasing the effectiveness of incentive and outreach programs for the efficient use of cooling water. With CTEM estimates, suppliers can begin to understand the conservation potential in cooling towers, develop marketing and conservation efforts, and record facility participation.
Members see more great content.
To learn more about membership or sign up to become a member, please visit our Members section.


Trout Unlimited scientists, often with a host of collaborators, conduct a variety of research studies on fish and aquatic habitats. Our findings advance a basic understanding of trout and salmon biology, ecology, and evolution. The TU science team also provides valuable context for our organization and its partners to increase restoration effectiveness, improve management decision making, and form policies supporting trout and salmon conservation. Our current research generally falls under the broad areas of Fish Ecology, Conservation Genetics, Climate Change, and Salmon and Steelhead conservation.
We need to understand what sustains healthy populations in order to conduct effective conservation. Our research helps identify important linkages between fish populations and their environment, providing a scientific foundation for smart conservation planning and management.
Genetic information helps us better understand the biology, evolution, and conservation needs of trout and salmon. Compared to traditional techniques (like electrofishing), genetic sampling can be efficient and extended across broad geographies. Genetic information can be used as an indicator of population status and “health”, to track individual movement, to assess hybridization, and to understand how fish adapt to their environment.
Climate change is one of the most serious and pervasive threats to our cherished trout and salmon. TU is involved in various research projects to predict the impacts on fish and habitat so we can improve the resilience of both in the future.
Salmon and Steelhead
TU research on salmon and steelhead is improving our understanding of life history diversity, movement and habitat use, and population abundances, all of which leads to better conservation planning and protection.


By Geoff Taylor
December 5, 2013
Provincial and municipal governments are developing innovative methods to encourage property owners to better manage their electricity consumption. Inventive and practical financing mechanisms are aimed at helping to alleviate the cost burdens of delivering electricity to ever-increasing consumer demand.
This July, the City of Toronto approved a pilot program that will give 1,000 residential and 1,000 mixed-use unit property owners access to roughly $20 million in financing for energy efficiency upgrades for their properties. These Local Improvement Charges (LICs) will be repayed using property taxes over a fixed term (i.e. 20 years) at a manageable interest rate. This mechanism incentivizes property owners to reduce their carbon footprint by attaching the cost of the upgrades to the property and not their mortgage. Any new owner who acquires the property before the LIC term is over, assumes both the repayment responsibility and the benefits of the reduced utility bills. If successful, the program will be rolled out on a larger scale in Toronto and in other municipalities across the province.
The pilot is the evolution of Ontario’s Green Energy and Green Economy Act, an ambitious plan enacted in 2009 to spur economic development, mitigate climate change stemming from energy generation, replace aging and outdated energy infrastructure, and provide new employment opportunities in the province. The LIC retrofit program comes on the heels of October 2012 amendments to the Municipal Act and the City of Toronto Act that allows energy efficiency upgrades to be financed leveraging municipal funding through local improvement charges (LICs). Other jurisdictions such as Halifax have realized incredible successes in reducing greenhouse gas emissions using similar mechanisms.
Municipalities and residents of British Columbia might be particularly open to new energy efficiency schemes given BC’s Energy Minister Bill Bennett’s recent announcement that residents will face electricity rate increases approximating 26% over three years, adding $8/month to residential electricity bills. Ironically, the City of Vancouver actually had a similar pilot program but disbanded it due to a lack of interest.


Electric Drive Vehicle Battery Recycling and Second-Life Applications Program
Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE)
To improve the recycling rates and second-use adoption rates of electric vehicle batteries; to optimize the design and adaptability of electric vehicle batteries to make electric vehicle batteries more easily recyclable; to establish alternative supply chains for critical materials that are found in electric vehicle batteries; to reduce the cost of manufacturing, installation, purchase, operation, and maintenance of electric vehicle batteries; to improve the environmental impact of electric vehicle battery recycling processes.
Applicant and/or Project Eligibility Requirements
Eligible applicants include institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, nonprofit and for-profit private entities, state and local governments, and consortia of these entities.
Battery recycling would reduce the need for carbon-intensive battery manufacturing and increase the supply of useable batteries, thereby enabling widespread electrification.
In awarding grants under the Secretary shall give priority to projects that are located in geographically diverse regions of the United States and support the development or demonstration of projects in economically distressed areas.
To better understand potential pathways for battery second use, check out NREL's ongoing research: https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/battery-second-use.html
DOE highlights two key topic areas: 1. Advanced Materials Separation, Scale-Up, and Reintegration for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling for the Battery Supply Chain 2. Second Use Scale-Up Demonstration Projects


The Temptation of Christ by the Devil
The eleventh-century church of San Baudelio de Berlanga received a makeover in the early twelfth century when a workshop of painters from Catalonia was commissioned to completely cover the interior with frescoes. The paintings on San Baudelio’s upper walls depict scenes from the life of Jesus, while the lower show hunting scenes and animals, including the painting of a camel in the next gallery. At first glance, the upper and lower paintings’ very different subjects might seem unrelated to each other, but medieval viewers understood that the lower paintings’ symbolism and the upper’s storytelling complemented each other.
This section of the San Baudelio fresco depicts Jesus’s temptations by the devil. As described in the Gospel of Matthew, after Jesus fasted forty days in the desert, the devil first commands him to turn stones into bread, then demands he leap from the Temple in Jerusalem, and finally offers him all the kingdoms of the world. Only the first two temptations are shown here at left and center, while at right the angel alludes to the outcome of the third temptation, in which Jesus is ministered by angels. The scenes’ side-by-side placement, calling for figures’ repetition in the manner of a comic strip, indicates the passage of time.


A self-actuating gas/liquid separator which depends on the counterbalancing the liquid in a closed container in excess of a certain height and the vacuum gas pressure for its actuation and operation. Primarily this invention was directed to the separation of water and methane gas after they are discharged from an inclined coal mine drainage bore hole. Basically, there are two inclined coaxial conduits, one inside the other, with the inner smaller conduit providing the path for the movement of the gas and the outer larger conduit the path for the liquid. Attached to the larger conduit, near its end remote from the source of gas and liquid to be separated, is a third conduit with a U-shaped section and a one-way liquid passing check valve. Liquids drain into the first and third conduits and the second conduit is operably subjected to a vacuum generating source. Eventually, as the liquids fill their conduit containers, there will come a time when the counterbalancing gas pressure created by the vacuum and the rising liquid level become unbalanced. This situation occurs at a given height of the liquid in its conduit containers. Once exceeded, the check valve is forced open to discharge excess liquid and stays open as long as the liquid exceeds the counterbalancing height.
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Zoe Zebra ABC and Coloring
In this 1-time class, students will listen to the story "Zoe Zebra Loses Her Z" and color pictures of animals as we discuss the animals in the story.
414 total reviews for this teacher
4 reviews for this class
Completed by 11 learners
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learners per class
30 minute class
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Students will begin by introducing themselves and sharing something that they know about zebras. Next, the teacher will read the story "Zoe Zebra Loses Her Z." As the teacher reads,the students will discuss the different animals and rhymes in the book. Where have you seen these animals? Which animal do you like the best/least? What new animal did you learn about? After the story and discussion, students will color animals of their choice (provided in classroom materials) to tell someone at...
Students will learn about different animals as we read through an ABC book.
I have been teaching Kindergarten through third grade for 13 years. I love reading and I love to instill the love of learning in young learners.
Students may choose to finish coloring their pictures after class.
1 file available upon enrollmentA 5-page handout to color crayons-colored pencils-markers
Students will answer the questions and share their favorite picture with the class.
30 minutes per week in class, and maybe some time outside of class.
"Zoe Zebra Loses Her Z"
Interactive Reading with Ms. Helen
🇺🇸Lives in the United States
414 total reviews
463 completed classes
Hello friends! My name is Helen Howard. I teach mostly reading and comprehension classes. I also enjoy art projects. My professional background includes 13 years of experience teaching Kindergarten through third grade. I love reading stories! I...


Ian Monroe Founding CEO, Oroeco Posted: 12/30/2014 4:32 pm EST
Climate change is not primarily an environmental issue.
It’s taken me a decade of working on energy and development in 20 countries to realize this. Yes, over half of Earth’s species are in danger of extinction from our current pace of climate disruption. But what makes the imperative to immediately act on climate most compelling is what a warmer world means for people, particularly people living in poverty and people of color. To live the dream that we are all created equal, and ensure #BlackLivesMatter as much as any others, we need to place solving climate at the forefront of our minds.
Climate change is the greatest racial and social justice issue of our time.
That’s not an opinion, that’s what the numbers tell us based on the best available science from thousands of the world’s top researchers. It can seem counterintuitive, but global warming is already contributing to extreme weather of all varieties: extended droughts, more intense flooding, record heat waves, historic blizzards and deadly hurricanes. Many scientists have documented how these extremes are already decreasing food production and disrupting water supplies, with much more expected to come. Add in sea level rise, expanded disease ranges, declining fisheries from acidifying oceans, and our propensity for violence linked to warmer temperatures and limited resources, and we have a recipe for humanitarian disaster beyond anything our civilization has known.
The billions of people most at risk from climate chaos are those with the least resources to adapt, who almost invariably are people of color. The Global Humanitarian Forum estimates that climate change is already causing over 300,000 deaths per year, with 99 percent of these deaths linked to poverty in the developing world. A separate DARA report commissioned by 20 governments estimates that climate and other pollution from fossil fuel use will cause over 100 million deaths by 2030; that’s more than WWI and WWII, combined. Nearly all these deaths will likely also be poor people of color, and billions more will survive to be trapped in deeper cycles of poverty. This “climate gap” of unequal impacts linked to race and poverty exists in America as well, displayed vividly in the racial disparity in Hurricane Katrina’s death and destruction, and connected to thousands of climate-migrants fleeing drought, disease and violence.
Global Climate Change


Also see at /https://eileenmoynihan.wordpress.com/kids-and-teens-fan-club/
This time of year is my favourite time of the year, when nature is bursting out everywhere, bringing colour, joy and hope to all. I love finding out about flowers, trees, plants, insects, birds or animals I don’t recognize. I want to find out their names, their habits, their special differences. Where did I get this love for nature and why does it spark my curiosity?
I think it was because my mother would point out different flowers and trees and creatures as we went for walks in the countryside. Sometimes we picked flowers and put them in jam jars or pressed them between some heavy books, when we got home. These days some wild flowers are protected and you shouldn’t pick them, so that is something else to find out.
When we got home we often looked for the flowers and trees etc in books about flowers and trees. ( You can find some in my book, ‘A Posy of Wild flowers’.) Books are a great source of information.
You can also buy posters to put up in a classroom or bedroom.
Recording finds to identify them and remember them
There are many ways these days to record what you have found in nature, some traditional and some using modern technology.
- Pressing flowers
- Keeping a journal, drawing pictures and writing notes
- Photographs with traditional cameras or on smart phones
- Using a phone app to identify a photo or common features
Whatever age you are, finding out new things in nature can be interesting, exciting and fun. From learning the names, what colour they are, what they smell like, what plants might be used for, when they come out, what form their seed or berries take and what shaped leaves they have or number of petals…and so many other things.
2 thoughts on “Finding Nature: Identifying flowers, plants and trees”
Beautiful nature. Just what we need now. Thank you.


What is Molluscum Contagiosum?
Molluscum Contagiosum is a common non-cancerous skin growth caused by a viral infection in the top layers of the skin. They are similar to warts, but are caused by a different virus. The name molluscum contagiosum implies that the virus and the growths are easily spread by skin contact. The virus that causes molluscum contagiosum belongs to a family of viruses called poxviruses. This virus can enter through small breaks in the skin or hair follicles and can lead to the development of molluscum lesions. It does not affect any internal organs.
Molluscum are usually small, flesh-colored or pink, dome shaped growths. They may appear shiny and have a small indentation in the center. Molluscum are often found in clusters of the skin of the chest, abdomen, arms, groin, or buttock. They can also involve the face and eyelids.
The molluscum virus is transmitted from the skin of one person who has these growths to the skin of another person. Molluscum occur where most often skin-to-skin contact is frequent. They often occur in young children, especially among siblings. Molluscum can be transmitted sexually and may be spread in swimming pools.
Many dermatologists advise treating molluscum because they spread. However, molluscum will eventually go away on their own without leaving a scar. Because the growths are easily spread from one area of the skin to another, some growths may appear as others are going away. It may take from six months up to five years for all the molluscum to go away on their own.
Molluscum are treated in the same ways that warts are treated. They can be frozen with liquid nitrogen, destroyed with various acids or blistering solutions, treated with an electric needle (electrocautery), scraped off with a sharp instrument (curette), treated daily with a home application of a topical retinoid cream or gel, treated with a topical immune modifier, or treated with a topical anti-viral medication.


Lack of moisture is the most common stress encountered in landscapes. When drought conditions persist for months or even years, a plant's health and survival is severely impacted. All types of trees and shrubs are susceptible to these conditions, though new plantings that have not become established and very old plants will be most affected.
The first symptoms of drought are usually evident on the leaves or needles. Wilting, defoliation, discoloration, and browning of leaf margins or needles are common signs. Dieback and crown thinning follow along with restricted growth of new shoots and foliage. The severity of symptoms depends on many factors such as the species, soil conditions, and duration of drought.
Drought reduces the plant's ability to produce food, restricts ability to absorb nutrients, and limits growth. That means it's hard for plants to fully recover from drought, sometimes requiring several years. This makes life very difficult for trees and shrubs and they become more susceptible to certain pest problems like boring insects as well as stem and root disease. These secondary invaders can lead to the ultimate decline and death of the plant.
During droughts, plants should be monitored closely for pest problems. Proper irrigation is also critical with water applied to the root zone and not directly on the trunk. Mulch can also help conserve soil moisture and reduce competition for water. Finally, pruning of any dead or dying limbs and regular fertilization will help minimize the effects of drought. Please note that fertilizer should be applied only after drought has ended and soils are recharged by rainfall.
If you live in a region that is prone to these extreme weather conditions, planting drought-resistant trees and shrubs is also an excellent idea.
We specialize in a variety of services. Our aim is to deliver the top level of customer service based on your requests.
- I have a Hard Maple that is three years old. It has done very well up until this weekend. It looked fine on Friday when I went out of town for the weekend. Today, all of the leaves are drying up badly and are showing some kind of discoloration. I am very concerned about it and would like for someone to come out and make a recommendation. Let me know if the tree can be saved and what needs to be done.


What Is a Marine Mammologist?
Marine mammologists are responsible for studying and researching the ecology, behavior, and physiology of marine mammals, such as whales, dolphins, seals, and sea lions.
In addition to their scientific work, marine mammologists may be involved in conservation and management efforts for these animals. This might include monitoring population health and behavior, studying the impacts of environmental change, and creating strategies for reducing human-related threats. Marine mammologists also contribute to educational and outreach efforts related to marine mammals.
What Is the Salary of a Marine Mammologist?
The salary of marine mammologists depend on their experience, educational background, and the type of job they are doing. According to PayScale, the average annual salary for marine mammologists is $45,000, but experienced professionals can make up to $72,000 a year.
What Is the Job Outlook for a Marine Mammologist?
The job outlook for marine mammologists is expected to be favorable over the next decade. This is due to the increasing importance of understanding and managing the impacts of humans on marine mammals and their habitats.
Additionally, the growing interest in marine conservation efforts will also likely lead to more jobs for marine mammologists. With their specialized skills and knowledge, these professionals will be in high demand for research, conservation, and management jobs.