Our second stop on the CDN tour of seaside destinations in search of rising sea levels takes us to the city of Victoria, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island with the mighty Pacific Ocean lapping at its shores. Victoria, capital of the Canadian province of British Columbia, is what passes for a warm-weather holiday destination in Canada. And when you see this chart of Victoria’s annual mean sea level since 1980 you will understand why the government of British Columbia has long been on the vanguard of climate alarmism in Canada. Or not.
Over the past 40 years the sea level at Victoria has risen by about 0.26 mm per year, at which rate it will take about 3,830 years to rise one meter. Assuming the next ice age doesn’t happen first.
If you’re one of those short-sighted people who thinks in terms of centuries rather than millennia, over the next 100 years the sea level at Victoria will rise by about 2.6 centimeters, which on the San Juan Islands just east of Victoria would be one inch. And if you think one inch of seawater is an existential threat, you shouldn’t be living near the shore. Or arguably without adult supervision anywhere.
P.S. As always for this series our data source is the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level in Liverpool UK.
If the west coast existential threat, a real and more existential threat is the next Cascadia mega thrust which will devistate Vancouver Island and cause extensive damage in the Lower Mainland. There has been no rapid escalation in Seawater rise and remain skeptical this will happen. Regardless, they the municipal government is likely going to raise the sea walls in Delta where I live.
Looking at the graph, I'd say that there is a large standard error around your trend line of 0.26mm/yr. Which gives the estimate "medium confidence" (to use the IPCC term) of being anywhere close to being realistic.
The graph covers 40 years. We could do what the greenies do, and start at 1985 and stop at 2016 to show that the sea is rising rapidly. Or we could take that page from their playbook and start at 1983 and stop at 2013 to show a large drop in sea level. They have done this with temperature readings, being sure to start around 1960 instead of, say, 1920. Or 1890. Don't want those terrific heatwaves of the '30s and '50s to wreck the narrative, do they?


Urban Ecology Center takes lesser celandine, which is non-native to the U.S. and is now classified as a nasty invasive, as its case study in this blog post to illustrate why we should care about growing native plants and why we need to be so careful about growing non-native ones.
I’ll just quote a bit of a summary paragraph, but you should read the whole post.
So, we’ve got an aggressive plant with no natural predators to keep its population in check. This plant emerges sooner than native spring ephemerals, and therefore has the advantage of size when competing for space and resources with native plants. It crowds out native plants, leaving them with no room or resources. The native plants (that support our wildlife populations) begin to die off because they have nowhere to grow. The native wildlife that only eat the native plants are now suddenly left with very little food on the table. Fewer native plants to eat translates into fewer native animals who can survive. The diversity and size of wildlife populations quickly declines. The situation starts to look pretty grim, doesn’t it? And (in Cleveland, at least) it all started with a pretty garden plot in two homes.– Invasive Plant to Watch: Lesser Celandine, Urban Ecology Center
All I have to do is look out my window to see uncountable stands of extremely invasive and aggressive Chinese privet, which is taking over my land and crowding out beneficial natives and which doesn’t respond to *anything* except *digging the damned roots up,* to be reminded of how bad it can suck when someone unthinkingly or unknowingly introduces a non-native species to a region and that species escapes their backyard and starts running unchecked.
The consequences can be *disastrous* and *hideously expensive.* Please, folks, do your research.


Transition from working life to retirement is an important aspect of demographic development. To gain more insight, German Federal Minister of the Interior Horst Seehofer met with a small group of experts from science, local government and business. Ursula Staudinger was invited as aging scientist and contributed important scientific findings on the plasticity of human aging and the productivity in older age to the discussion.
Focus on entire working life
During the discussion they talked about how to make better use of the new potential of a society of longer lives. Ursula Staudinger argued that business and politics should promote a culture of appreciation, development and learning over the entire working life. “Variety throughout our vocational careers as well as new tasks for our work routines help counteract the age-related cognitive decline,” she said. It was important to look at the entire working life and create new occupational paths. This would allow for lateral careers as well as (insured) breaks for education, family or personal projects.
At the same time, the legal retirement age should be gradually adapted to the increased life expectancy, Staudinger said. It was, however, decisive to hold onto a legal retirement age. This would allow people to stop working without justification and sustain the change of generations. Yet re-entering paid work after retirement should be facilitated for all those who would like to.
Shaping the gained years of life is an important task for all
Ralf Paul Bittner, mayor of an awarded age-appropriate community, and Marion Kopmann, founder and managing director of a consultancy for continued employment and education for older people, also participated in the expert discussion. All participants agreed that the abilities and talents of older people should be better acknowledged, used and promoted within our society. Shaping the gained years of life is an important task for all of us. The impact of demographic change also poses a challenge for public service: About one third of the Ministry of the Interior’s employees will retire by 2030.


Global Positioning System (08:41)
The space program propelled technological advancements. NASA initially created GPS to track satellites. Modern GPS measures where a device is on Earth by triangulating satellite location in relation to the device. (Credits)
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System (08:54)
Astronauts chose their food prior to a mission. Food scientists initially invented lightweight food that was easy to digest in a tube; dehydrating food eliminated bacterial microbe growth. After botulism and broken glass harmed the public, the food industry adopted similar principles.
The Hubble Telescope looked at stars 13.4 billion lightyears away. NASA created the growth algorithm to help scientists measure distances between stars. Jason Holmberg used the pattern-matching algorithm to identify whale sharks and other critically endangered species.
Credit Records (06:58)
The Apollo Program required thousands of computers to make travel to the Moon possible. The Space Taskforce created the first automated checkout station and computer system. TRW, Inc. developed a credit checking system to prevent fraud using NASA technology.
Coronary Bypass (07:33)
Three doctors in Cedar Sinai hospital improved surgical techniques using cold laser technology after consulting with JPL Physics Group. NASA used Nimbus satellites to collect data in the ozone layer; an excimer laser used Ultraviolet waves to calculate the amount of ozone.
Wearable Medical Devices (07:58)
The average smartphone or watch can monitor steps, heart rate, and sleep amount. Currently, astronauts are only monitored during spacewalks. Paramedics implement NASA-developed telemetry technologies; technologies can help firefighters, hazardous waste workers, and patients in hospitals.
Credits: The Pulse of Tech (00:28)
Credits: The Pulse of Tech
For additional digital leasing and purchase options contact a media consultant at 800-257-5126
(press option 3) or email@example.com.


Students Aren’t the Only Bullies
With all of the talks being given to students about bullying, it is interesting to note that similar talks are given to adults in terms of domestic violence.
On Oct. 4, a talk of this nature was given in Shouvlin 105 as a part of the Global Education series. In a quiet room with plenty of snacks, townspeople, professors and students gathered to discuss the bystander effect during many different forms of violence.
The program’s goal is to help people find the ability to step up when they know that something may not be right.
In order to prove the bystander theory, speakers Winkie Mitchell, Jonna Johnson and Laura Baxter played a video that showed a child screaming that they were being kidnapped is less likely to receive help than one might expect.
“There isn’t an agency that can do it alone; law enforcement can’t do it alone,” said Baxter, while discussing the need for bystander awareness and responsibility.
The event also gave attendees the opportunity to try out situations in the form of role playing, as well as vent about situations that they had been put in, whether they were the target, the bystander or even the instigators themselves.
Baxter reminded the room: “None of us are saying ‘Yes! I want a violent community!’”


Prevalence and antibiogram of Shigella and Salmonella spp. from under five children with acute diarrhea in Bahir Dar Town
Diarrheal diseases remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Salmonella and Shigella species are among the leading causes of diarrhea in children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial profiles of Salmonella and Shigella spp. in children less than five years of age with acute diarrhea. A cross sectional study was conducted among 422 children with diarrhea from December 2011 to February 2012. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Identification of Salmonella and Shigella species and antimicrobial susceptibility tests was done following standard microbiology procedures. The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella was 7.8% and 9.5 %, respectively. The isolation rates of S. flexineri, S.dysenteri and S. boydii were 18 (45 %), 12 (30 %) and10 (25 %), respectively. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella were not statistically significant along age groups and gender of the children. Most of Salmonella and Shigella were resistant to ampicillin (> 88.7%) and cotrimoxazole (50%).In contrast, 83.3-89.9% of isolates showed susceptible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. More than 90% of the Salmonella and 80% Shigella spp. were multiple drug resistant. High prevalence of Shigella and Salmonella linked with high levels of antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern in the study area. Continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility should be done. Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and gentamicin appeared to be drugs of choice for empirical treatment of these infections.
Keywords: Shigella, Salmonella antimicrobial susceptibility, diarrhea, Ethiopia
The copyright belongs to the journal.
The articles in Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology are Open Access distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/CCBY4.0).


Introduction to leather
Leather is a by-product – the main sources of raw material for the leather industry world-wide are cattle (including buffalo), sheep, goats and pigs, which are reared specifically for the production of meat, wool and/or dairy products. Hides and skins from other species account for less than one half of one per cent of global leather production. Typically, the value of hides and skins represents in the region of 5-10% of the market value of an animal.
The leather industry utilises hides and skins, which, if the industry did not exist to process them, would create an enormous waste disposal problem, with the attendant health hazards. Leather is a renewable resource – if leather was not produced, it would have to be replaced by largely synthetic materials derived from non-renewable resources. Leather is used in a wide range of products from children’s shoes, where it is most important for foot health, to oil seals in aircraft. Leather makes a contribution to the quality of everyday life and has done so for centuries. Virtually everyone wears or uses one or more leather products on a regular basis. The primary sources of raw material for the tanning industry are hides and skins from animals that have been accepted as fit for processing for human consumption at approved slaughterhouses, where the handling and treatment of cattle fully meets the appropriate animal welfare and hygiene requirements. The tanning industry understands that the quality and value of leather that tanners produce depends depend very largely on the quality of the hides and skins that they source. The industry recognises that the quality of the hides and skins they receive generally reflects the health, welfare and husbandry conditions, which have applied during the life of the animal. Therefore, the quality, efficiency and profitability of tanners’ operations depend significantly upon the quality and consistency of the raw materials that they source.
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Skin worms or Gyrodactylus are viviparous parasites which chiefly lodge in the skin of fish. A skin worm will grow to a size of about 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The appearance of a skin worm looks like that of a gill fluke. That is why they are closely related to each other. However, the gill fluke is smaller (0.1 to 0.3 mm) and lays eggs. Both the gill fluke and the skin worm are coming under the group of Trematodes. The skin worm is easy to recognize by the worm part that protrudes from an infected fish.
Symptoms of infection by skin worms include rubbing of fish and swimming timidly. The infected fish will also produce more mucus, which is an observable feature of an infection. Skin worms are usually brought along by newly introduced fish or by birds, drinking from the water.
Treat and prevent skin worms
Excellent means are available against skin worms. It is better to prevent infection with skin worms. Proper resistance of fish is therefore important. Supply quality feed to fish, containing required vitamins and minerals. Another cause could be bad water quality or a surplus of fish in a pond. Rule of thumb is 50cm of fish length per 1,000 litres of water. Besides, a properly functioning filter, provided with activated carbon brings relief, because carbon can purify water from all kinds of micro dust particles. Different pathogenic organisms will be filtered with it.


Vertebrates possess a highly sophisticated sensing machinery to detea RNA viruses, including influenza A viruses, resulting in induction of interferon and antiviral responses. However, influenza A viruses, similar to other viruses, have acquired inhibitory activities of the sensing and interferon mediated antiviral activities of their hosts, facilitating viral replication. In the last years, a complex picture of these activities has emerged, that includes multiple mechanisms by which influenza A viruses evade the antiviral host innate response. While the NS1 protein of the virus is dedicated to antagonize the interferon response at multiple levels, other viral proteins, such as PB1-F2 and the polymerase complex, also appear to contribute to immune evasion. After briefly describing how the interferon response is induced by influenza A, we discuss the multiple interferon evasion strategies encoded by the virus and their possible implications in virulence and host tropism.
|Title of host publication||Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity|
|Number of pages||11|
|State||Published - 1 Jan 2012|


Vitamin D, the “sun” vitamin, is most commonly associated with bone health. It can be made by your body given sun exposure or taken as a supplement. Food (even fortified food sources) is generally low in vitamin D. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with higher risk of autoimmune conditions such of as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus type 1. Recent studies also point to a relationship between type 2 diabetes and low vitamin D levels.
The starkest relationship between vitamin D and diabetes is from studies in Finland, a land with long periods with very little sunlight and a population with an extremely high incidence of type 1 diabetes. In that population, supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin D led to an 88% reduction in the risk of type 1 diabetes. In contrast, in children who were thought to have rickets (a severe manifestation of vitamin D deficiency), the risk of type 1 diabetes was increased threefold. It is evident from these studies that Vitamin D may be helpful in preventing a number of autoimmune conditions.
Similarly, studies from Finland have shown reduced ability to handle carbohydrates in people with low levels of vitamin D. Other studies demonstrate lower insulin resistance and improved ability to secrete insulin with higher levels of vitamin D. A lower risk of type 2 diabetes has been seen with higher levels of vitamin D in many studies. Vitamin D may also help to protect the kidney as shown in studies where urinary protein loss was reduced with vitamin D supplementation. Lastly, some research has even shown better glucose control with vitamin D supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients.
Vitamin D may be especially important in pregnant women who are at risk for gestational diabetes (GDM), as some studies have shown a protective effect from vitamin D for these women. Mothers with low levels of vitamin D had a greater than 1.6-fold risk of GDM.
For those who have not had vitamin D levels checked, supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin D is reasonable. With monitoring, targeting a serum concentration of between 40 and 60ng/dl should be the goal. Often this will require daily dosing of between 4,000 and 10,000 IU to achieve target levels. Higher daily doses are generally necessary for those with increased body weight and darker skin. Vitamin D comes in many forms, but keep in mind that the gel or liquid forms of the vitamin are much better absorbed than tablets. Talk with your doctor if you are thinking about starting vitamin D supplementation for yourself.


The History Cat
A New Way to Learn History
The mission of the History Cat is simple: change the way students learn about history. We've set out to answer the age-old question that every teacher asks: "How can I motivate teens to read a textbook?" Now, we're not talking about skim reading or zombie reading, but actual reading. Like eyes following words, minds creating images, reading. After all, if history doesn't tell a good story, what's the point?
The Mongol armies killed an estimated 40 million people during their conquests. So many, in fact, that with the absence of people, forests regrew which caused the earth's climate to cool.
Believing that cats were agents of the devil , Pope Gregory IX had them exterminated in droves. With so few cats left, the rat population exploded, which helped spread the Bubonic Plague that killed tens of millions during the 1300s.
In 1913, thousands of suffragettes staged an elaborate parade in Washington D.C. complete with golden chariots and marchers dressed up as Greek goddesses.
To make himself look even more fierce, the pirate Blackbeard would tie burning fuses to his beard
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Analysis of the September 2016 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather
The main characteristics of the general circulation in September 2016 are as follows. The polar vortex of the Northern Hemisphere presented a single pattern with stronger intensity. In the midhigh latitudes of Eurasia, the circulation presented a twotrough and oneridge pattern. The subtropical high in Northwestern Pacific lay westward and northward, and its intensity was stronger than its average state during the corresponding time of the normal years. Meanwhile, the monthly mean precipitation amount is 78.9 mm, which is more than its normal value (65.3 mm) by 20.8%. The monthly mean temperature is 17.7℃, 1.1℃ higher than its climatological mean (16.6℃), which is recorded as the second high value since 1961. Three regional severe precipitation events happened in September, two of which were caused by tropical cyclones or typhoons. In September, seven tropical cyclones were generated over the Pacific and the South China Sea, and Typhoon Meranti (1614) and Megi (1617) made landfall over Fujian Province, China, carrying continuous heavy rains to many places. Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province received autumn rain notably so that serious flood disasters occurred in some locations. In addition, the drought condition in the southern part of Huanghuai Region and northwestern part of Hubei Province got relieved.


03 Feb Why do we cup our hands around our mouth to call someone far away?
Physics is the study of the basic laws that govern matter. Physics covers the science of the very large and includes the study of bodies in motion, forces, heat and energy, waves, electricity, magnetism, and atomic physics. The boom in the science sector is creating an increasing demand for individuals with scientific knowledge. Physics knowledge, as one of the main science subjects, is vital in creating well rounded scientific professionals. The Physics classes of Miracle Learning Centre take you from the basic principles of physics to more advanced theories. This courses offered by us will be highly beneficial for you if you are wishing to build a good career in the Science sector or if you are willing to have the more scientific knowledge to increase your marks.
Ever called out for your friends standing far away from you? Cupping your hands around your mouth usually helps in those situations. Do you know the reason behind such approach? Why not ask the question in your physics tuition class? Your physics tuition is always ready to answer your queries. Today in the physics tuition, we will find out why it is easier to get heard from long distances when someone cup their hands around the mouth while calling. It is a matter of common practice that when we call someone at a distance or shout loudly, we cup our hands around our mouth. Do you know why we do this?
We know that the vibrations of the vocal chords in our throat produce sound waves which come out from the mouth start travelling in every direction through the surrounding air. When these sound waves reach somebody’s ears, he hears our voice. When these waves spread in the air, the energy associated with them also spreads and the energy per unit area or intensity of sound decreases. So, if we cup our hands while calling someone, the sound waves do not spread in all directions but travel only in one direction. All the energy remains in a particular direction alone and the intensity of sound does not decrease as fast as in the previous case. Hence it can reach longer distances and someone far away from us can hear our voice clearly. So, to send our voice to longer distances, we cup our hands around our mouth.
We hope you enjoyed this lesson from physics tuition. We will be back with more such interesting findings in our next physics tuition.
Miracle Learning Centre offers the most innovative courses of A level physics tuition, O level physics tuition, JC physics tuition in Singapore. Join our classes and notice the difference rapidly.


"RNA Ligase (ATP)" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of linear RNA to a circular form by the transfer of the 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus. It also catalyzes the covalent joining of two polyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage. EC 126.96.36.199.
|RNA Ligase (ATP)
- RNA Ligase (ATP)
- Polyribonucleotide Synthetase
- Synthetase, Polyribonucleotide
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "RNA Ligase (ATP)".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "RNA Ligase (ATP)".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "RNA Ligase (ATP)" by people in this website by year, and whether "RNA Ligase (ATP)" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
Below are the most recent publications written about "RNA Ligase (ATP)" by people in Profiles.


BIC Statement on Racism
The Baylor Interdisciplinary Core offers the following statement on the current state of race relations and the protest following the death of George Floyd:
The Baylor Interdisciplinary Core joins the country in mourning the deaths of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, and Breonna Taylor. We realize that our time of mourning is not a time for silence. As we mourn, we pray for healing and reconciliation. We know that the lives of Black people matter.
We also know that the deaths of these three people, while an impetus for nationwide protests, are the latest entries into a history of systemic violence and structural violence against people of color in the United States. From the institution of slavery to Reconstruction to the era of lynching and Jim Crow to the violence endured by Black people during the Civil Rights Movement and the murders of Civil Rights leaders and continued violence against people of color in policing and other areas of life, we know that there is still much work to be done in recognizing that Black lives have not mattered as they should. We condemn all forms racialized violence and the entrenched systems of racism that continue to produce injustice across the many communities that make up our country.
We realize that the violence of racism comes in many forms. Racism extends beyond excessive use of force and violence in policing and vigilante justice. We recognize that only through actively working against racism can we hope to build a community that recognizes the mission of Baylor University and a commitment to a transformative Christian education that our university seeks to provide. As a faculty and staff, we are committed to fostering an educational environment that recognizes equality, celebrates diversity, and that learns from people of all races and ethnicities. We commit ourselves to the work of seeing, affirming, and cultivating the intellectual, moral, and ethical capacities of all our students, staff, and faculty. We can only achieve these goals if we speak out against injustice and educate ourselves and our students against the evils of racism.
Black lives matter.


Brine shrimp, which are more commonly known as Artemia in the aquaculture industry, are small crustaceans that live in hypersaline lake environments and are a vital part of the lake's ecosystem, serving as a food source for numerous bird species and providing an important source of income for local fishermen.
The MSC fishery certificate is held by the Great Salt Lake Brine Shrimp Cooperative, which uses unique gear – such as rakes and containment booms – to harvest the cysts of brine shrimp. They also use spotter planes to identify brine shrimp cyst blooms from above. Brine shrimp cysts are stored and hatched for use as live feed, for example for prawn and marine finfish hatcheries, and are exported to more than 50 countries around the world.
“Sustainability defines our industry in unique ways,” said Timothy Hawkes, vice chair and general counsel for Great Salt Lake Brine Shrimp Cooperative, in a press release. “The harvest management system in place on Great Salt Lake—developed in collaboration between industry and the State of Utah—harvests only the excess cysts in the system. That management system sets up the brine shrimp population for the best possible start the following year, which benefits not only the population itself, but the brine shrimp industry and the tens of millions of migratory birds that also rely on the resource. We are grateful to be recognised for our dedication to sustainability with the MSC certification.”
Great Salt Lake is the largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere and is home to one of the largest brine shrimp populations in the world. The fishery underwent a thorough eight month assessment by an independent, third-party certifier and was found to meet MSC's criteria for environmentally sustainability fishing practices.
"Great Salt Lake brine shrimp fishery's achievement of MSC certification is a testament to the hard work and dedication of local fishermen, who have been practicing sustainable fishing for generations," said Nicole Condon, MSC US program director. “By earning this certification, the fishery is demonstrating their commitment to the long-term health of the lake's ecosystem and the communities that depend on it."


What is fluid ? What is fluid mechanics ?
A fluid is a substance which always responses to shear stress and doesn’t have any definite shape. It may or may not have any definite volume.
How to determine the characteristics of fluid flow ?
By the values of Reynolds Number.
What are laminar and turbulent flows ?
When a fluid is flowing around an object or flowing through an object, the flow may be smooth or may be distorted. The smoother flow occurs due to low velocity and distorted flowoccurs due to high velocity. This low velocity smoother flow is called laminar flow and distorted flow is called turbulent flow.
What is buoyancy force ?
Buoyancy is the upward force which is felt on an object simply immersed into a fluid.
Which dimensionless number is used to determine the speed of aircraft ?
What are compressible and incompressible flows ?
Compressible flow – variable density fluid flow .
Incompressible flow – fixed density fluid flow .
What is meant by compressibility property of fluid ?
Compressibility is the property of those fluids which doesn’t have any fixed density.
What is meant by flow property of fluid ?
Flow property means the responsiveness of the fluid to the shear stress.
What is meant by no-slip condition in fluids ?
No-slip condition occurs at the microscopic level where the fluid is flowing on a solid surface and the velocity of the fluid is zero at the contact surface .
What are the different units of viscosity ?
In SI – Kg (m.s) . In CGS slug (ft.s) . The values of viscosity is often very small so for that reason a more reasonable unit is used which is called cP or centipoise.


Locomotor endurance predicts differences in realized dispersal between sympatric sexual and unisexual salamanders
Dispersal is the central mechanism that determines connectivity between populations yet few studies connect the mechanisms of movement with realized dispersal in natural populations. To make such a link, we assessed how physiological variation among individuals predicted dispersal in natural populations of unisexual (all-female) and sexual Ambystoma salamanders on the same fragmented landscape in Ohio. Specifically, we assessed variation in a trait that influences long-distance animal movement (locomotor endurance) and determined whether variation in endurance matched patterns of realized dispersal assessed using genetic assignment tests. A possible mechanism for why unisexuals would have lower locomotor endurance than a sympatric sexual species (Ambystoma texanum) is the potential energetic cost of evolutionarily mismatched mitochondrial and nuclear genomes within polyploid unisexuals. We found that sexuals walked four times farther than unisexuals during treadmill endurance trials that mimic the locomotor endurance required for dispersal. We then applied landscape genetic methods to identify dispersed adults and quantify realized dispersal. We show that the differences in locomotor endurance between unisexual and sexual salamanders scale to realized dispersal: dispersing sexual individuals travelled approximately twice the distance between presumed natal wetlands and the site of capture compared to dispersing unisexuals. This study links variation in individual performance in terms of endurance with realized dispersal in the field and suggests a potential mechanism (physiological limitation due to mitonuclear mismatch) for the reduced endurance of unisexual individuals relative to sexual individuals although we discuss other possible explanations. The differences in dispersal between these two types of salamanders also informs our understanding of sexual/unisexual coexistence by suggesting that unisexuals are at a competitive disadvantage in terms of colonization ability under a extinction-colonization model of coexistence. A lay summary is available for this article.
Link to Published Version
Denton, R. D., Greenwald, K. R., & Gibbs, H. L. (2017). Locomotor endurance predicts differences in realized dispersal between sympatric sexual and unisexual salamanders. Functional Ecology, 31(4), 915–926. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12813


Malaria: Study On Its Growth & Escape In Red Blood Cells Towards Development Of New Treatment
|Malaria parasites invasing human bloodcells.|
Malaria is one of the few parasites that can infect red blood cells as it multiplies inside an internal compartment called parasitophorous vacuole. Eventually, both the vacuole and red blood cells break allow the release of a new generation of parasites.
The study was conducted by Mike Blackman together with Emma Sherling and Christiaan van Ooji. According to Phys.Org, the parasite needs to change the cell surface for the production of channels to import the substances it needs to grow. The researchers wanted to discover the mechanism of how the parasites of malaria do these.
Blackman and his team evaluated the role of a protein called RhopH3 in the life cycle of malaria. RhopH3 comes from structures called rhoptries which the parasites discharge as it invades red blood cells. The results showed that RhopH3 is important in the role of nutrient import channels in the blood cell. In addition, it was also discovered that RhopH3 is needed in the efficient invasion of red blood cells proving that the protein is essential for the survival of the parasite inside the blood cell.
This discovery can lead in advancing the treatment of malaria knowing that resistance is already demoralized some of the antimalarial drugs. Through RhopH3 and other mechanisms involved, the development of new classes of drug to stop malaria from evading and establishing growth in the blood cell will be carried out.
(Photo : Paula Bronstein/Getty Images)
Meanwhile, as reported by World Health Organization (WHO), malaria is a life-threatening disease that is transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito. The infection is preventable and curable as in 2015 the incidence among populations risk fell by 21 percent globally. Moreover, the mortality rate among populations at risk fell by 29 percent globally while 35 percent among children under 5.
Malaria is caused by "Plasmodium" parasites; P. falciparum is prevalent in African continents while P. vivax is the most dominant parasite outside of sub- Saharan Africa. The transmission is more intense in places where the mosquito lifespan is longer. The treatment includes the different combination of anti-parasitic drugs such as artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT).


council tax rebate
A rebate is a discount or decrease in the rate of a product and services that is supplied to the consumer after the purchase has actually been made. Refunds can take lots of kinds, such as a check mailed to the customer, a credit report applied to the client’s account, or a discount on a future purchase. Rebates are usually used by makers as a method to motivate consumers to try a brand-new product or to compensate dedicated clients. council tax rebate.
Council Tax Rebate
The Winding House Gedling Borough Council
There are numerous advantages to making use of discounts. For the consumer, rebates can give a way to conserve cash on a purchase. They can likewise be a helpful device for window shopping, as the last rate of a product with a rebate may be less than the cost of a similar product without one. For the maker, discounts can be an efficient method to raise sales and attract brand-new clients.
Nevertheless, there are also potential disadvantages to using refunds. Some consumers may discover it complex or discouraging to monitor their refunds and see to it they are obtained or used appropriately. Rebates might also require the client to jump through hoops, such as completing a type as well as sending in receipt, in order to get the price cut.
In conclusion, rebates can be a beneficial device for both customers and suppliers, yet it is very important for clients to very carefully check out as well as understand the conditions of any type of discount offer prior to making a purchase. By doing so, clients can take advantage of the benefits of discounts while avoiding any prospective complications or frustrations.


Climate change is inherently unfair. It tends to most affect the poorest countries that have the lowest carbon emissions. By adding pressure to already strained environmental and economic systems, climate change exacerbates resource competition, intercommunal grievances, state fragility, and other vulnerabilities. Countries in conflict, in turn, are less able to focus on conservation and long-term adaptation.
With every 0.5-degree Celsius increase in local temperatures, the risk of conflict increases 10-20 percent. Globally, the period from 2011 to 2020 was the hottest decade ever recorded. The Sahel was particularly affected, with temperatures rising 1.5 times the international average during this period. Eight of the ten countries most vulnerable to climate change are in Africa. Six of those eight are facing armed conflict.
Climate change looms large across Africa, with each region facing a different mix of climate-induced risks. Following are illustrative cases of how climate change is contributing to instability in Africa.
- Mark Duerksen, “Nigeria’s Diverse Security Threats,” Spotlight, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, March 30, 2021.
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies, “Autocracy and Instability in Africa,” Infographic, March 9, 2021.
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies, “Combating Desertification Imperative for Security,” Spotlight, June 16, 2017.
- André Standing, “Criminality in Africa’s Fishing Industries: A Threat to Human Security,” Africa Security Brief No. 33, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, June 2017.
More on: Environment and Security Maritime Security Mozambique Sahel Sudan


YOUTH-LED GLOBAL MOBILISATION DEMANDS JUSTICE FOR AFRICA ON WORLD DAY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF REFUGEE AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE
Picture: Youth and refugee-led organisation I Can South Sudan distribute COVID-19 supplies during the pandemic in Bidi Bidi Refugee camp, Uganda.
Despite being less than one third of the global population, over half of the world's refugees are children, forced to flee from conflicts, crises and climate chaos they had no part in creating. Worldwide, more than 33 million children had been forcibly displaced by the end of 2020 and the number of children experiencing this injustice is rising fast: increasing by 116% between 2010 and 2020 alone.
Refugee and internally displaced children are extremely vulnerable to abuse and violence, especially if they are forced to flee on their own, unaccompanied by their parents or caregivers. They are at heightened risk of trafficking, forced into child labour and early marriage, sexual exploitation and their right to education is severely disrupted.
The 100 Million campaign supports children, young people and refugees themselves to have an equal role in important refugee-focused international bodies and movements such as Education Cannot Wait and a global campaign on financing for Education in Emergencies. With 85% of refugees currently hosted by developing countries, we also advocate for richer countries to stop failing in their responsibilities to protect some of the world's most marginalised children and young people. Find out more by exploring our campaign focus areas below.


40 mm anti-aircraft gun Bofors L/60 (Luftvärnsautomatkanon m / 36 – Lvakan m / 36) was developed in the early 1930s of the twentieth century in the Swedish factory AB Bofors. It was an extremely successful design at the time. Soon it became one of the most widely used guns around the world. Bofors in the collection of our museum is produced in the US in 1943 (US version M2A1). Poland has purchased licenses for production of this type in November 1935. We received from the manufacturer’s batch of 68 guns and assistance in starting their mass production in the country.
Copies of the Polish production was adapted to the capabilities of our industry. They differ from the original in that their structure is removed cumbersome and technically complex connections wedge and spline shafts replacing them with standard dimensions
40 mm AA Gun Bofors has been used by many armies of many countries on both sides of the conflict of World War II. Also in the German army Bofors were used captured guns in the campaign in Poland and France. In the German nomenclature gun was called Flak 28.
Caliber: 40 mm
Barrel lenght: varies from 56-70 calibres, based on actual model
Elevation: -5 to + 90 degrees
Traverse: 360 degrees
Muzzle velocity: 881 m/s
Rate of fire: 120 rpm (practical approx. 60 rpm)
Range: 7160 m
Weight: 1981 kg (+ 522 kg carriage)


Martin Meredith, author of "The Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000-Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour", discusses why Africa remains the world's poorest despite fabulous natural wealth and the idea of a "resource curse" - the distressing tendency of developing countries to fail to translate their minerals and hydrocarbons into wider prosperity - is a very modern one.
Q: Africa's natural riches have long been coveted and exploited by outsiders. Can the continent take control of its own destiny in this regard and extract its minerals and hydrocarbons in such a way that the wealth can be spread?
A: In theory it could be. Unfortunately, the pattern that most African governments have adopted is to use the resources mainly to benefit elite groups or reward supporters. It's sometimes called a resource curse, but the resources are a huge benefit. It's the management of the wealth that comes from those resources where the problem lies.
Q: What is your take on the "African Rising" narrative that is currently fashionable?
A: I find it a rather foolhardy notion. It's quite true that in the first decade of the 21st century the growth rate in Africa after some 40 years of economic mayhem, the growth rate has been quite impressive. The general average over that period would have been about 5 percent, which is impressive. But much of that had to do with rising commodity prices. And if you take out the rise in commodity prices you are left with a much less impressive economic record.
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The Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is a common inhabitant of Southern Ontario. The 2nd edition of the Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas shows that peak abundance in the province aligns with the southern edge of the Canadian Shield. In these areas, the high forest coverage and availability of nest sites (e.g. cottages, bridges and other man-made structures) likely contribute to higher densities (Cadman et.al. 2007). It has been suggested that the species underwent a marked range expansion and population increase in unison with early development and human settlement, which greatly increased the availability of suitable nest sites (Weeks, H.P., Jr. 1994). Phoebes attach their nests directly to a vertically sloped surface, which provides overhead protection from the elements, in much the same manner as Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica). Man-made structures such as bridges, culverts and eaves of buildings are just a few of many ‘unnatural’ features suitable for the species. What does this suggest for precolonial status of the Eastern Phoebe in Ontario? The nest pictured above was found last week and its location illustrates this question.
The Eastern Phoebe has been a resident of Ontario’s woodlands since long before axe-wielding Europeans arrived. This particular nest was attached directly to a vertical rock wall below a cut in the rock. These rock formations occur throughout the FBS study area – in forest interiors, dry rock barrens and edges of lakes and ponds. It is plausible that the high numbers detected along the southern edge of the shield are also attributable to the proliferation of these naturally occurring nest sites. Click here for more info on nesting Eastern Phoebes in the Frontenac Arch.
4 thoughts on “Natural nest sites of the Eastern Phoebe”
Wow. You must have seen an adult fly in, I’m guessing. But then again, you are an experienced observer.
The nest is so beautiful. Thanks for the pics.
Hi Jan! Mostly good luck on this one. I saw a flash of “something” dart away from the rock and noticed it was a phoebe, which made the nest quite obvious.
Love the mossy exterior dressing.
Hi Barefootheart! I wonder what purpose the moss would serve. Maybe camouflage, humidity? I should look it up.


Bangladesh’s exit from the list of least developed countries (LDC) in 2026 is final now. This achievement will bring us joy, honour and potential, as well as many challenges.
For those who have a vague idea about this, the United Nations (UN) lists developing countries as least developed countries, among the developing countries that lag behind in economic indicators and whose economic development is based on weak foundations. If the development of national income and human resources can be taken to a certain level and the economic fragility can be reduced, then the developing country which is on the list of least developed countries can be upgraded or graduated from that list by fulfilling some difficult conditions. This is called LDC graduation.
When Bangladesh will move out of the list of LDCs in 2026, Bangladesh have to face challenges in the international arena in terms of trade and commerce, enforcement of intellectual property laws, interest rates on loans, priorities in climate change cooperation. The government is in the process of formulating a smooth transition strategy (STS) to address that challenge.
At this crucial juncture, the government is working closely with leading business and trade leaders of the country, concerned policy makers and various development partners, including the United Nations. UNDP is working closely with the Economic Relations Division (ERD) to create an STS for Bangladesh. There are many challenges in the process of making this landmark achievement of Bangladesh meaningful and fruitful for the countrymen.
To conclude, ordinary citizens have many responsibilities in this regard too. They need to make a lot of positive changes in their human behaviour like from keeping the roads clean to changing mentality towards women and being optimistic to think LDC Graduation is more of an opportunity.


Multiple medical studies have concluded that Apple Watch, FitBit, and other wearables can detect COVID-19 symptoms early, before the symptoms surface or the infected test’s positive. A new prolonged study reiterates that same conclusion that the resting heart rate (RHR) measured by smart wrist devices is linked to the detection and recovery of COVID-19.
Apple Watch features a Heart Rate app for users to check their heart rate. Users cal also set high heart rate and low rate ranges to receive notifications.
Your Apple Watch can notify you if your heart rate remains above a chosen threshold or below a chosen threshold after you’ve been inactive for at least 10 minutes. You can turn on heart rate notifications when you first open the Heart Rate app, or at any time later.
Study reveals resting heart rate measured by Apple Watch like wearables is associated with COVID-19 detection and recovery
The new study titled “Assessment of Prolonged Physiological and Behavioral Changes Associated With COVID-19 Infection”, published by JAMA Network Open, examined the role of wearables in tracking participants’ physiological and behavioral via their metrics apps for 6 months.
Previous studies have found that wearable data can improve real-time detection of viral illness or discrimination of individuals with COVID-19 vs other viral infections. Wearable devices provide a way to continuously track an individual’s physiological and behavioral metrics beginning when healthy (ie, before infection), during the course of infection, and recovery back to baseline. In this cohort study, we aimed to examine the duration and variation of recovery among COVID-19–positive vs COVID-19–negative participants.
DETECT (Digital Engagement and Tracking for Early Control and Treatment) is a remote, app-based, longitudinal research study enrolling adult participants from all over the US and collecting their wearable data to better understand individual changes associated with viral illness, including COVID-19.
The study concludes that;
“Our data suggest that early symptoms and larger initial RHR response to COVID-19 infection may be associated with the physiological length of recovery from this virus.”
Previously, Mount Sinai studied the Apple Watch heart rate feature measures changes in heart rate “which can signal that an individual has the coronavirus.” That encouraged Cupertino tech giant to launch an official investigation to check the effectiveness of the smartwatch in detecting COVID-19 symptoms.


Drive at lower speeds on highways, turn down the thermostat and use less air-conditioning, work from home, use public transport, and prefer trains to short-haul flights. These are some of the measures outlined on Thursday by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the European Commission which, they say, would save EU households money, reduce EU reliance on Russian fossil fuels, support Ukraine, and help the fight against climate change.
“Cutting energy use also supports Ukraine by reducing the need for Russian oil and gas, helping to reduce the revenue streams funding the invasion,” the IEA and the EC say.
The EU has started discussions on a possible embargo on imports of Russian oil, and the bloc is reportedly in talks with oil-producing countries for potential deals to get quickly non-Russian oil supply. The EU, however, continues to be split on the idea of a Russian oil embargo, with Germany leading the group opposing an immediate full ban.
If EU consumers follow the recommendations outlined by the IEA and the EU today, a typical household in the European Union could reduce, on average, its energy bill by more than $490 (450 euro) a year, they say.
Turning down the thermostat at home by just 1 degree Celsius would save around 7 percent of the energy used for heating. Setting the air conditioner 1 degree Celsius warmer could reduce the amount of electricity used by almost 10 percent, the IEA and the EC note.
If all EU citizens were to follow the recommendations at home and in their workplace, it would save 220 million barrels of oil a year, which is enough to fill 120 supertankers, and around 17 billion cubic meters of gas, which is enough to heat almost 20 million homes, the IEA and the EC said.
“Citizens have the power to immediately cut their energy use and reduce their fuel bills. But it is government authorities – from the national to regional, city and local levels – that are ultimately best placed to incentivise energy saving actions,” the energy agency and the EU’s executive arm said.


werdermannianus is a (usually) simple stemmed small cactus with
bright yellow flowers. This species shares some characteristics with
Stem: Globular to slightly cylindrical, often flattened up to 13
cm tall and 10 cm in diameter, yellowish-green to green.
Ribs: up to 40, vertical, straight rounded with many small
Areoles: White, wooly and closely set one to each other.
Radial spines: About 15-20, setaceous, more or less erected,
whitish or yellowish 4-5 mm long.
Central spines: 4-partite yellowish or reddish (N.
ferrugineus) acicular, sharp and flexible up to 15 mm long, the
lowest of them longer and pointing downward.
Flowers: About 6 cm long, up to 7 cm in diameter, pale yellow and
satiny. Tepals lanceolate darker at the tip, style quite long rich
egg-yellow coloured, stigma lobes10-12 carmine red.
Seeds: With distinctive longitudinally-oriented fine striate
forma mostruosa (Monstous form):
This plant is a rare oddity with areoles merging to form concentric
lines. The epidermis is harder than in the normal Notocactus and cracks
easily but this is not a defect and the plant will not suffer for this,
and also the fact that the body splits open
permits to the plant to develop original and strange shapes.


Full form of VPN: Virtual Private Network
VPN Full Form Name is a virtual private network. VPN is a network that is used for connectivity. It is built by using public cables. A VPN ensures that the respective network is kept safe and private. Private organizations use VPN so that data transmission is limited only to their chosen employees or clients. It is simply a system for connecting to a private network such as the internal network of an organization.
VPN ensures that only chosen and authorized users can access your network. Therefore, it guarantees maximum security in data transmission by emphatically excluding the possibility of any type of data interception. Usually, the internet is used to build a VPN. In a sense, a VPN is a secure WAN (wide area network). Ultimate traffic encryption and virtual tunnel protocols help create a point-to-point connection that is necessary to build a VPN.
Internet service providers give private organizations the luxury of having their own VPN. The protocols used in traffic tunneling, the location of the tunnel endpoint, the level of security, the OSI layer presented to connect a network, and the characteristic of the Site-to-site or network-to-network connectivity are factors that characterize a VPN. The security mechanism is based on confidentiality, sender authentication, and message integrity. Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a variant of VPN that helps solve problems that the VPN cannot address properly.


Man Takes First Step in 5 Years Thanks to Algorithm that Reads Brain Waves
Spinal cord injuries sever the connection to the brain, making it impossible for the mind to relay messages to walk. But the brain still has the capacity to send signals; paralyzed patients just need a new system that bypasses the spinal cord.
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine, created one such system that allowed a paraplegic man to walk for the first time in five years. The man had been paralyzed from the waist down and was able to take his first steps.
Researchers outfitted him with a system that filtered out electrical signals through an algorithm to isolate brain waves dealing with leg movement. After those signals were processed, they were sent to electrodes placed around the knees, triggering the muscles to move.
The result can be seen in the video below:
“We showed that you can restore intuitive, brain-controlled walking after a complete spinal cord injury, UCI biomedical engineer Zoran Nenadic said in a press release. “This noninvasive system for leg muscle stimulation is a promising method and is an advance of our current brain-controlled systems that use virtual reality or a robotic exoskeleton.”
The next step will be moving into invasive systems, such as brain chips and implants, which would allow for greater precision when initiating movement.
This study is just one in a long line of advancements in exoskeletal and brain-control systems research, giving wheelchair-bound patients hope of reviving their independence in the future.
Natalie has been writing professionally for about 6 years. After graduating from Ithaca College with a degree in Feature Writing, she snagged a job at PCMag.com where she had the opportunity to review all the latest consumer gadgets. Since then she has become a writer for hire, freelancing for various websites. In her spare time, you may find her riding her motorcycle, reading YA novels, hiking, or playing video games. Follow her on Twitter: @nat_schumaker
Photo Credit: Shutterstock


The calibration of different instruments in industries is one of the major requirements for better testing of various test parameters in laboratories.
The calibration of different instruments in industries is one of the major requirements for better testing of various test parameters in laboratories. If the instruments are not calibrated properly, then there are chances for inducing wrong test finding during the procedure. This is why the laboratories need to calibrate their products with the help of the best methods like dead weight tester calibration procedure to ensure the best accuracy of the instruments.
The dead weight tester is a widely used testing instrument that is used for calibration of different instruments and equipment used in the laboratory. The instrument uses to know the weight that applies pressure on the fluids to test the accuracy of the readings provided by a pressure gauge.
The Dead weight tester calibration procedure is the standard way of calibration of different in which a piston cylinder is used on which there is the placement of the load. This application of load helps in making equilibrium with the pressure applied below the piston. This implies that the pressure applied by the dead weight tester is mainly measured by different parameters such as mass, length, and time. This is the reason; they are called primary standards.
Typically, the use of dead weight tester is basically prominent in the calibration process of different pressure gauges such as electronic and analogue pressure measuring devices. There are different designs of piston cylinders are used in dead weight testers such as GAS-Gas, Gas-Oil, and Oil-Oil type cylinders. All of them have different working and efficiency.
Presto offers highly efficient dead weight tester is basically utilized for calibration of pressure gauges and other pressure-based instruments with great accuracy and precision.


Numicon: Number, Pattern and Calculating 2 Teaching Pack contains:
The Numicon Number, Pattern and Calculating 2 Teaching Pack comprises a Teaching Resource Handbook and an Implementation Guide for teachers of children aged 6-7. The pack provides step-by-step activities and practice, with planning support and assessment opportunities, alongside advice on how best to implement Numicon in your school.
- Numicon is research-based and proven to have a significant and lasting impact on results.
- The Numicon Number, Pattern and Calculating 2 Teaching Pack comprises a Teaching Resource Handbook and an Implementation Guide, providing the core materials you need to start teaching children aged 6 to 7.
- The Teaching Resource Handbook provides step-by-step activities for developing children's understanding of pattern, algebra, number and calculating.
- Accompanied with editable planning and printable photocopy masters, you can personalise to suit the needs of yo
- The Implementation Guide offers guidance on what Numicon is and advice on how best to implement Numicon in your school.
- Activities in the Teaching Resource Handbook have been extensively trialled with teachers and children; all activity groups come from real classroom experience.
- Low threshold, high ceiling' activities allow you to differentiate for every child in your class through the same activity group.
- Activities are supported by easy to follow instructions and clear illustrations. A list of the concrete objects used to support learning are provided at the start of each activity.
Numicon Number, Pattern & Calculating 2 Teaching Pack


In Squirrel Week 2019, I wrote about the Kluane Red Squirrel Project. Since 1987, scientists have been living in Canada’s remote Yukon territory and studying the critters.
Ben Dantzer, an animal behaviorist at the University of Michigan who has been going to Kluane since 2006, said it was vital that research continue.
Last year was a “mast year,” he said, when white spruce trees produce a superabundance of cones, the squirrels’ favorite food.
“What this means for the squirrels is [they] breed extra early: Whenever there is high food in the autumn, squirrels breed much earlier in the spring,” Dantzer wrote in an email.
Because of that, Squirrel Camp opened early this year. That proved fortuitous, because researchers were already in place before travel restrictions came down. For now, six scientists are staying there, monitoring the squirrels and reducing contact with the outside world.
Wrote Dantzer: “We believe that for now, everyone is safer up there — they have EXTREME physical/social distancing! — compared to the trek home and the airport situations they will encounter.”
Read the full article at The Washington Post.


It’s often emphasized that the more HDL cholesterol – good cholesterol – you have, the healthier you are. But for some people, this may not be the case. A new study has found that postmenopausal women with high HDL cholesterol may actually be at risk of detrimental health conditions.
HDL is responsible for carrying away LDL cholesterol, which is a known risk factor for heart disease. This is because high LDL levels can lead to plaque build-up, causing arteries to narrow and become stiffer.
The latest findings uncovered that among postmenopausal women, high levels of HDL cholesterol didn’t offer protection as it normally would. This is because HDL cholesterol comes in different sizes, shapes, and compositions. The researchers suggest a better test to determine heart disease risk is to examine these variables – a technique known as ion-mobility analysis. This allows doctors to have a better understanding of cholesterol found in the body to determine heart disease risk.
The study looked at nearly 1,400 women aged 45 to 84 whose HDL cholesterol levels were assessed. Cholesterol was assessed through traditional blood testing and through ion-mobility analysis.
Postmenopausal women with higher HDL levels determined by conventional testing were found to have a higher risk of atherosclerosis compared to women with lower HDL levels. On the other hand, postmenopausal women with high HDL concentrations based on ion-mobility analysis had a reduced risk of atherosclerosis.
The difference in ion-mobility analysis was just not the number of particles, but their size too. Smaller HDL particles were associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis.
The study suggests that HDL cholesterol may be prone to dysfunction in perimenopausal women as a result of several changes that occur in menopause, like fluctuating estrogen levels and elevation of other lipids in the blood.
The study also suggests that over time, the protective qualities of these particles may be restored.
The findings further suggest that cholesterol as a risk factor for heart disease may be different in different age groups. For postmenopausal women, it needs to be considered a risk factor rather than a protective factor.
Additional research is required to better understand the role which HDL plays in heart disease risk.
- Cholesterol levels: Signs, symptoms, and complications of high and low cholesterol
- High HDL Cholesterol in Postmenopausal Women May Not Lower Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Study


By this point in September, children of all ages are back in school. However, not all children, parents and motorists have adjusted to the particulars of schoolchildren’s commute routes and timing just yet. Because back to school can be a dangerous season, it is critical that everyone refreshes their safety knowledge in order to keep pedestrian accident and bicycle accident rates low.
First of all, adults should remember that children do not always look before they cross the street. Whether they are traveling on foot or by bike, children often act on their impulses first and think about the consequences of their actions later. As a result, it is imperative that motorists slow down and drive cautiously whenever children are present.
Second, it is important to observe special rules that apply in school zones during pick-up and drop-off times. Many areas ban any sort of distracted driving in school zones and all areas reduce speed limits in these spaces. In addition, motorists should never pass school buses which have extended stop sign arms and red lights flashing. These buses are dropping off or picking up children and motorists must not pass them at these designated times.
With a little caution and a safety knowledge refresher taken to heart, motorists can keep themselves and school children safe this back to school season. On the other hand, failure to take the hazards of this season seriously could result in tragedy. Please do not drive carelessly, negligently or recklessly during this critical transition time.
Source: Voice of the Valley, “Back to School Driving Safety Tips,” Sep. 5, 2013


What is astigmatism?
Astigmatism is the condition in which near and distant objects can be blurred or even distorted. It is common to have difficulty seeing small details clearly at all distances. This is because the corneal curvature is irregular, that is, it is not completely spherical.
As a result, both near and far vision is not clear because light rays converge at different distances from the retina, causing the perception of distorted images. Some light rays converge before reaching the retina and others from behind as we see in the image.
This visual problem is usually detected in school age and can be solved with an optical correction. Sometimes it is difficult to detect because the child is not conscious and does not even complain of having blurred vision, for him that is normal vision. If the problem is not corrected it could affect his performance at school and when playing sports.
Astigmatism is usually a problem at birth and many people suffer from it along with myopia or hyperopia. Other patients may suffer from it after trauma or surgery. The easiest way to detect astigmatism is to have your eyes checked by an eye care professional.
How is astigmatism corrected?
In minors, astigmatism is corrected with glasses or contact lenses. In patients over 20 years old with myopic, hyperopic or mixed astigmatism whose prescription is stable and have 1 to 10 positive or negative diopters, refractive surgery is recommended.
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As I glanced at my days of the year calendar this morning I was alerted to the fact that today is National Hug Day.
National Hugging Day is an annual event dedicated to hugging. It was created by Kevin Zaborney and occurs annually on January 21. The day was first celebrated on January 21, 1986 in Clio, Michigan, USA.
I am a hugger.
When I meet people for the first time I always apologise in advance as a reach in for a hug. My friends have got used to me over the years and now expect a hug as I greet them.
I can always remember when I had transferred over to the Community Hospital ward that I worked on. I hadn’t been there very long and on one particular shift, one of the nurses had a horrible shift. Coming into the office she was so upset and without thinking I went over and gave her a big hug. Apologising to her as I did it, explaining that I wasn’t able to make the shift any better but thought I hug might help. She laughed and suddenly I was known as the go-to person if you needed a hug (or a cup of tea). Over the years I became a shoulder to cry on for many colleagues and relatives but it wouldn’t have it any other way.
Definition of hug
verb (used with object), hugged, hugging.
1. to clasp tightly in the arms, especially with affection; embrace.
2. to cling firmly or fondly to; cherish: to hug an opinion.
3. to keep close to, as in sailing, walking, or in moving along or alongside of: to hug the shore; to hug the road.
verb (used without object), hugged, hugging.
4. to cling together; lie close.
5. a tight clasp with the arms; embrace.
Expression of emotion
For me, a hug is used in so many ways from greeting someone, to congratulate them on an achievement or celebration. From a hug to offer support to one that offers sympathy. A hug can be an expression for so many emotions, take a look at this infographic showcasing 11 expressions of hugs emotion…
Are you a hugger?
Disclosure: This is a collaborative post


If you want to have a slimmer body, you have probably already made resolutions to eat healthier foods and to hit the gym a little more often. You might also have made other goals to keep your body and mind in great shape, like reading more frequently, watching less T.V., and spending more time learning and de-stressing. But what will you resolve to do, to take care of your smile? After all, it is one of your greatest assets. There are actually several simple steps you can take, to make this your smile’s best year yet!
The Basic Steps to Great Preventive Care
Most people know they should brush and floss daily, but a surprising number of adults don’t know how often or when to brush their teeth, or if it even matters, much less the proper technique for flossing. Learning both, can help make your hygiene routine far more effective at preventing cavities and other dental problems, like gum disease.
- Most people need to brush once in the morning and once at night, either after dinner or before bed, if they have a tendency to snack after supper. The main point is to brush away the food particles from your teeth before going to bed, in order to prevent how long they remain in the mouth, potentially leading to problems.
- But it’s also advisable to brush a third time, after lunch. This can also help keep your teeth clean, and limit the time plaque bacteria have to multiply in the mouth.
- Flossing is also essential, because it helps eliminate bacteria that brushing alone can leave behind. Be sure to use enough floss to carefully move between each and every tooth, with a clean piece of floss. This is important, or else you may only be moving the bacteria from one place to another. And always move the floss gently, not in a jerking motion. You can watch tutorials of proper flossing technique online, or, make a note to ask your dentist about it at your next dental checkup.


Content warning: forced sterilization and reproductive violence
In Peru during the 1990s, hundreds of thousands of women were forcibly sterilized under a government program. The vast majority were Indigenous women in the country’s highlands. Today, they have found healing and strength in each other.
In 1995, weeks after Victoria Saccsara, an Indigenous woman living in the high Andes, delivered a stillborn child, health workers brought her to hospital saying that they would help her recover. They told her to line up with a group of other women to receive a food subsidy. But it was really a queue for the operating room.
Victoria was forced to undergo a sterilization procedure that day. Like so many others who were forcibly sterilized during this time, she was left with chronic pain.
Victoria began to hear about other survivors of this terrible injustice and soon learned about SISAY, one of Inter Pares’ counterparts in Peru. SISAY provides counselling and training to equip survivors to advocate for their rights.
Through SISAY, Victoria met other women who had been through the same experience.
“The importance of being organized as victims of forced sterilizations, and the solidarity and support of human rights institutions as allies, gives us strength and makes us see that we are not alone,” says Victoria. “Instead, we have the capacity to demand and achieve the implementation of policies that enable us to access justice and comprehensive reparations.”
In 2016, Victoria and other survivors achieved the National Registry of Victims of Forced Sterilizations, a significant step toward finally holding the Peruvian government accountable. But there is still much to do to realize the rights of women and families affected by state-sanctioned coercive sterilizations.
With SISAY’s support, Victoria has been working with other survivors to call on the Peruvian government for reparations for their inhumane treatment and better healthcare and income support for those disabled by the procedure.
Inter Pares is honoured to support Victoria and the other women in their efforts to light the way to a more just world.


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The Horse in the City: Living Machines in the Nineteenth Century
The nineteenth century was the golden age of the horse. In urban America, the indispensable horse provided the power for not only vehicles that moved freight, transported passengers, and fought fires but also equipment in breweries, mills, foundries, and machine shops.
Clay McShane and Joel A. Tarr, prominent scholars of American urban life, here explore the critical role that the horse played in the growing nineteenth-century metropolis. Using such diverse sources as veterinary manuals, stable periodicals, teamster magazines, city newspapers, and agricultural yearbooks, they examine how the horses were housed and fed and how workers bred, trained, marketed, and employed their four-legged assets. Not omitting the problems of waste removal and corpse disposal, they touch on the municipal challenges of maintaining a safe and productive living environment for both horses and people and the rise of organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
In addition to providing an insightful account of life and work in nineteenth-century urban America, The Horse in the City brings us to a richer understanding of how the animal fared in this unnatural and presumably uncomfortable setting.


Robin Skelton (1925–1997) was a Poet, author, professor and prominent Pagan in British Columbia, Canada. Robin Skelton also was known for his ghost investigations.
Skelton was born in 1925 in Easington, Yorkshire, England. His father, Cyril Skelton, was the headmaster of the village school. robin was educated at Leeds University and Cambridge University. During World War II, he served in the royal Air Force in India and Ceylon. Upon his return to England, he took a teaching position at Manchester University. There he founded the Peterloo group of artists and the Manchester Institute of Contemporary Arts.
In 1963, he emigrated to British Columbia and joined the English department of the University of Victoria. He was appointed professor in 1966. He founded and directed a creative writing program that became popular with poets. In 1967, he founded, with John Peter, The Malahat Review, now one of Canada’s major literary journals.
Skelton was drawn to Paganism and used Pagan imagery in his own writing and poetry. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym of a “French poet” Georges Zuk.
His involvement as an elder in Paganism earned him the title “Canada’s merlin.” He died in 1997.
Skelton wrote more than 100 books during his career, among them books on Paganism, Magic, spells, Witchcraft and ghosts. Some of his titles are The Practice of Witchcraft Today: An Introduction to Beliefs and Rituals of the Old Religion (d.n.); A Gathering of Ghosts: Haunting and Exorcisms from the Personal Casebook of Robin Skelton and Jean Kozocari (1989); The Practice of Witchcraft (1990); Earth, Air, Fire, Water: Pre-Christian and Pagan Elements in British Songs, Rhymes and Ballads (1991); The Magical Practice of Talismans (1993); Spellcraft: A Handbook of Invocations, Blessings, Protections, Healing Spells (1995); and The Practice of Witchcraft Today: An Introduction to Beliefs and Rituals (1995).
The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca – written by Rosemary Ellen Guiley – Copyright © 1989, 1999, 2008 by Visionary Living, Inc.


Pierre Charles is pleased to announce that he has prepared an article on the topic of — what is entrepreneurship. The business model has been one of the leading causes of economic and social development. If it were not for the work of entrepreneurs throughout history, the modern way of life that is enjoyed today might not exist. The ability of entrepreneurs to turn something relatively small into something that can transform the entire planet is truly exceptional and is a reflection of its power.
Although entrepreneurship is a very powerful concept, many individuals do not know what it means to be an entrepreneur. It the simplest terms, entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business by the owner. Another way of looking at the business model is that entrepreneurs are able to see large-scale inefficiencies in the market and are able to provide new and innovative solutions to create lasting changes in industries throughout the world.
Entrepreneurs such as Jeff Bezos are an example of individuals making huge impacts on the world if executed correctly. Bezos is one of the wealthiest men in the world and is the founder of Amazon.com. Amazon is one of the largest companies in the world and has changed the image of retail. Bezos is one of the stand-out examples of recent decades, but there are many entrepreneurs today who are making lasting changes to aspects of various industries each and every day.
According to Pierre Charles, “At its core, all that is required to be an entrepreneur is to create a business. One of the most alluring aspects of the process of becoming an entrepreneur is ownership and control. Starting your own business means using your own capital to create a business that is able to provide superior goods and services to the market. Being able to be accountable for such a process and being able to benefit from any kind of gains or profits that the business makes is tremendously attractive to a lot of individuals who wish to carve out their own place in the world."
Further details can be viewed at https://selfemployedideas.com/what-is-entrepreneurship/.
Name: Pierre Charles
Email: Send Email
Organization: Pierre Charles
Address: 2-906 Watson St, Ottawa, ONT K2B 6B9
Phone: (613) 404-6058
Release ID: 365353


Underwater welding is a type of welding that takes place beneath the surface of the water. Underwater, a variety of welding techniques can be used, with arc welding being one of the most common. Underwater welding skills can be used to repair ships, work on oil platforms, and maintain underwater pipelines, among other things. People with relevant skills and experience can work in this field all over the world.
The environment around the welder is wet when underwater welding. He or she wears a dive suit and works with welding equipment that has been specifically designed for use in wet environments. This equipment is designed to keep the welder as safe as possible, reducing the risk of electric shock and the emergence of dangerous situations. Underwater welders must be both skilled welders and divers, with the ability to prepare a scene for welding safely and effectively, as well as confirm that the welds are of high quality.
A diver may create a dry chamber around the objects being welded in some welding situations. Hyperbaric welding is the term for this type of welding. Hyperbaric welders must still have diving skills as well as the specialized skills needed to weld at high pressure, but they are not working in a wet environment. Although building a dry chamber takes time, there are a number of benefits to working in a dry environment that may make hyperbaric welding more suitable for certain applications.
Someone must receive dive and welder training in order to pursue a career in underwater welding. Some underwater welders come from a welding background, learning to weld and then getting their dive certification to work as underwater welders. Others begin their careers as commercial divers before deciding to advance their careers learning to weld. In either case, extensive discussions of safety procedures are included in the training, and people must pass certification tests before they can begin working.
An entry-level underwater welder can work in a variety of situations. In some cases, if a company has an employee who it believes would be a good fit for an underwater welding position, it will pay for welding or dive training. With more experience, a welder-diver may be able to work on larger and more complex projects, as well as serve as a consultant for other companies and provide training to those interested in underwater welding. The majority of professional welder-divers are also members of trade organizations that promote high performance in the field.


In the listening test you will hear a lot of synonyms. So you may know and understand the word in the question, but will you understand the same meaning, but a different word while you are listening. You need to have a wide vocabulary to do well in the listening test.
When you learn new vocab, make sure that you note collocations too. For this group of words some collocations are:
strongly deny, try to deny, no-one could deny, impossible to differentiate, differentiate between, dispose of, try to dispose of, be dynamic, remain dynamic, try to eliminate, take steps to eliminate, effectively eliminate
Check the meanings of the words if you don’t already know them. Check the meanings of the various forms as sometimes they are different. You can check them at Time4english by clicking the words (http://www.time4english.com/aamain/lounge/awl.asp).
Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word and then use the correct form of the word.
- These colours both look black to me, but apparently one is blue and one is black. Can you ______________ ? (deny, differentiate)
- Young people today have more _______________ income than young people in the past. (dynamic, dispose)
- 3. It was a _______________ performance. (dymanic, eliminate)
- The bankers _______________ any wrongdoing. (deny, differentiate)
- There is always risk in share trading; it can never be ______________. (dispose, eliminate)
Answers (in the wrong order)
5. eliminated 3. dynamic 2. disposable 1. differentiate 4. denied


Archaeological discoveries continually enrich our understanding of the people, culture, history, and literature of the Middle East. The heritage of its peoples—from urban civilizations to the Bible—both inspires and fascinates. Near Eastern Archaeology (formerly The Biblical Archaeologist) brings to life the ancient world, from Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean, with vibrant images and authoritative analyses. This journal of the American School of Oriental Research at Boston University allows the reader to experience the physical remains of the cultures and locations the Bible speaks from. This collection includes 66 issues of Near Eastern Archaeology, published from 1992 to 2011.
The digital editions of Near Eastern Archaeology are the best place to research and explore the ancient Near East. Fully integrated into your digital library, you can easily put a scholar’s library of archaeological texts in conversation with Near Eastern Archaeology. The Timeline enables you to instantly contextualize the people, places, and ideas discussed in Near Eastern Archaeology with thousands of other biblical and world events. Perform powerful searches to instantly gather relevant biblical texts and resources together. And free tablet and mobile apps let you take the discussion with you. With Logos, the most efficient and comprehensive research tools are in one place, so you get the most out of your study.
Interested in more ASOR publications? Check out the Bulletin of ASOR and the Journal of Cuneiform Studies.
The American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) is a non-profit organization that supports and encourages the study of the cultures and history of the Near East from the earliest times to the present. ASOR was founded in 1900 by 21 institutions—including Harvard, Princeton, Yale, and Columbia. ASOR now has over 90 consortium institutions. ASOR fosters original research, archaeological excavations, and explorations; encourages scholarship in the Near East’s basic languages, cultural histories, and traditions; builds support for Near Eastern studies; and advocates high academic standards. ASOR communicates news of the latest research, findings through magazine publications, including the Bulletin of ASOR and Near Eastern Archaeology.


Curriculum & Learning Programs
At 15 Mile Creek, students develop a deeper connectedness with the natural environment. We design and implement educational programs that cater for students from Prep – Year 12. These residential programs range in duration from 1 day special school program, 5 day residential or home/residential program, and the 12 day Future Makers program. At 15 Mile Creek, students’ learning is based on our Core Learning Statement: Through interactions in the natural world, 15 Mile Creek aims to:
- Develop in students an understanding of our relationship with the environment, others and ourselves.
- Inspire curious and adventurous learners who can transfer this knowledge, skill and disposition to actively contribute towards a sustainable world.
To fully access our curriculum and its underpinning details use the hyperlinks below.
|Knowing the Environment||Challenge & Grow||Leadership – Year 5 and 6||VCE and VCAL||Future Makers – Year 9||Extension Programs|
Our Programs have been developed using the Victorian Curriculum
- Provide purposeful learning opportunities for students in a unique school setting
- Complement the teaching and learning that occurs back in your school
- Provide assessment against the Victorian Curriculum
At 15 Mile Creek, students’ learning begins with a fundamental focus around our core learning of Self, Others and Environment: Additionally, each 15 Mile Creek program is structured around one of the 7 learning branches, chosen by the visiting school teachers and students in conjunction with the 15 Mile Creek Program Coordinator. These learning branches are suitable for varying age groups and learning stages.
Through interactions in the natural world, 15 Mile Creek aims to:
Click here for more information.


Updated 22 Jan 2010
Two reasons to set the renderer yourself are
* To make your printed or exported figure look the same as it did on the
screen. The rendering method used for printing and exporting the figure
is not always the same method used to display the figure.
* To avoid unintentionally exporting your figure as a bitmap within a vector
format. For example, high-complexity MATLAB plots typically render using
OpenGL or Z-buffer. If you export a high-complexity figure to the EPS or
EMF vector formats without specifying a rendering method, either OpenGL or
Z-buffer might be used, each of which creates bitmap graphics. Storing a
bitmap in a vector file can generate a very large file that takes a long
time to print. If you use one of these formats and want to make sure that
your figure is saved as a vector file, be sure to set the rendering method
adds the pushtool to the current figure.
adds the pushtool to the figure with handle hFig.
adds the pushtool to the each new created figure automatically.
remove the automatically adding of pushtools for new figures.
See also: ALWAYSONTOP (in FileExchange)
Elmar Tarajan (2023). UISWITCHRENDERER (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/19352-uiswitchrenderer), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved .
MATLAB Release Compatibility
Platform CompatibilityWindows macOS Linux
Community Treasure Hunt
Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!Start Hunting!
Discover Live Editor
Create scripts with code, output, and formatted text in a single executable document.


Vertigo may be described as the illusory sense that the environment around the patient is moving or spinning or that the patient is actually moving or spinning. This type of dizziness comes from the vestibular system and must be distinguished from dizziness or pseudo-benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with a differing aetiology.
It is classified either as peripheral vertigo, when changes occur to the outer organs of the vestibular system (utricle, saccule, semi-circular canals and the vestibulocochlear nerve or as central vertigo when the change is located in the vestibular nuclei, cerebellum, the perihypoglossal nuclei and its various connected pathways in the central nervous system (CNS). In 85% of cases, the cause is peripheral, and the other 15% are central.
Dizziness is a vaguer term described as a subjective feeling of instability without any actual loss of balance. Patients report a feeling of instability, swaying or weakness, sometimes accompanied by nausea. While the cause is vestibular in nature, the aetiology is very varied. It may be a typical symptom of change in visual apparatus, change in the parietal and temporal lobes, the cerebellum, fatigue, stress, etc., as well as dysfunction or pathology in the neck vertebrae.
Imbalance is actual loss of stability, without any sensation of movement. It is usually the result of change in integration between sensory input and motor reactions. This occurs while standing and walking and is absent while sitting or lying down. Strong imbalance in younger patients usually reveals a central pathology; in older patients it should be considered normal due to age..
At Okto we believe that the combination of high-quality equipment, manual therapy and exercise is the right approach to treatment and prevention of problems related to dizziness and balance.


ENTRY SPONSOR: Quintard Taylor
Henry Blair was an African-American inventor who, in 1834, became only the second black man to receive a United States patent for his mechanical corn planter. For years Blair was believed to be the first African American to receive a patent, but it was later discovered that Thomas Jennings received a patent in 1821 for his creation of the dry-cleaning process. Blair is most renowned for his inventions of the corn planter and a mechanical cotton planter. Blair’s inventions improved the productivity of corn and cotton agriculture.
Blair was born in Glen Ross, Maryland in 1807. There is scant information regarding his early life or family background. However, Blair appears to have never been enslaved, due to his patent eligibility (enslaved people could not register patents with the United States government). Blair managed his own independent business as a commercial farmer near Glen Ross although he was unable to read or write. It is also worth noting that Henry Blair is the only inventor denoted as a “colored man” in the records of the US Patent Office.
After finding success as a farmer, Blair proved himself a capable inventor. On October 14, 1834, Blair received his patent for his mechanical corn seed planter. Blair’s corn planter resembles a wheelbarrow with a chamber fixed to the bottom that disperses the seed. After the seed is dispersed, rakes attached to the back of the wheelbarrow drag over the seed to cover them with soil. Blair’s corn planter resulted in more efficient crop planting and resulted in greater overall yield for farmers. According to an 1836 article from The Mechanics’ Magazine, Blair’s invention was conjectured to “save the labor of eight men.”
On August 31, 1836, Blair obtained a patent for his mechanical cotton planter. The device is essentially an adaptation of Blair’s corn planter optimized for cotton. The cotton planter also resembled a wheelbarrow, but it had two blades that split the earth while a cylinder located behind the blades dispersed the seeds in to the freshly ploughed grooves.
Henry Blair died in Maryland in 1860 of unknown causes.


When considering Music and the Young Child it is sometimes thought that children need loud music to attract their attention and learn from. Given the opportunity, they can also experience the beauty of classical music that has lasted through time.
This was also very noticeable in the preschool classes when we moved to Aquarium, from Carnival of the Animals, by Saint Saens. There was a strong sense of the quiet enjoyment and satisfaction from listening and moving to quality music - Hushed Wonder as John Feierabend calls it.
John Feierabend in his recent course, introduced the work of Rudolf von Laban, a Hungarian dancer who studied movement and has been an inspiration to dancers and educators. Based on the work of Laban, he adapted 10 movement themes, which enables the teacher to plan lessons which challenge the children to respond to music expressively by themselves and with others.
The themes explore the awareness of body parts and whole, time, space, levels of high, middle and low, weight, locomotion, flow, shape, others, and student created movement. It’s a lot of fun to take a blue elf around the room and also be learning to lead with a different body part. When responding to Flight of the Bumble Bee by Rimsky Korskov children pretend they are bees while feeling the tempo of the music.
(Reference: Movement Exploration, by Dr J Feierabend, 2003).
This article was printed from JillsMusic.com


The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was founded by Kim Il Sung, who fought the Japanese military as a guerilla fighter during World War Two. The nation sees itself as a self reliant socialist state that follows the Juche ideology created by Kim Il Sung. In an effort to reunify the Korean peninsula that was divided after WWII along the 38th parallel, Kim Il Sung started a military campaign to unify Korea under his leadership. UN intervention headed by the US helped stave off defeat and, by 1953, the Korean War ended in a stalemate along the 38th parallel where the war had begun.
The DPRK survives into the 21st century as a totalitarian state with a people on the edge of starvation, a network of concentration camps where human rights abuses comparable to the Nazi camps take place daily, and a personality cult around the Kim family dynasty. Today, the nation continues to maintain a high level of military readiness with its military first policy, long service times, and a nuclear weapons program.
The objects of the North Korea collection bring attention to the armed conflict that shaped the mentality of the leadership that continues to influence their policies to this day. Since the military is such a major focus, our collection reflects the importance of the armed forces while complementing those objects with civilian material as well.


Junior Girl Scouts have a badge - Food Fibers & Farming. Working with a bee hive, visiting an apiary, and visiting a 4H fair can help complete the requirements:
Until 1995 the Boy Scouts offered a Beekeeping Merit Badge. If you are interested in completing this (now unofficial) badge the requirements are as follows:
1 - Study a hive of bees. Remove the combs, Find the queen. Figure the amont of the brood, number of queen cells. Figure the amount of honey.
2 - Show the difference among the drones, workers, eggs, larvae, and pupae at different stages. Tell the differences among honey, wax, pollen, and propolis. Tell how bees make honey. Tell where wax comes from. Explain the part played in the life of the hive by the queen, drones, and the workers.
3 - Hive a swarm or divide at least one colony. Explain how a hive is made.
4 - Put foundations in sections or frames. Fill supers with frames or sections. Take off filled supers from the hive. Fix the honey for market.
5 - Write in not more than 200 words how and why the honeybee is used in pollinating farm crops. Name five crops in your area pollinated by honeybees.
1987-89 Boy Scout Requirents BSA.
University of Kentucky Co-op Ext. - 4H Entomology
NCSU Co-Op Ext. - 4H Entomology/Beekeeping
University of Floriday Co-Op Ext.


Setting goals is an essential part of personal and professional growth. Goals provide direction, focus, and motivation, helping us to achieve what we want in life. Here are some tips for setting and achieving your goals:
1. Be specific: When setting goals, be specific about what you want to achieve. Vague goals make it difficult to measure progress and stay motivated. Instead, set clear, specific goals that are achievable and measurable.
2. Set realistic goals: Goals that are too lofty or unrealistic can be demotivating. When setting goals, make sure they are achievable and realistic given your current circumstances.
3. Break goals down into smaller steps: Big goals can feel overwhelming, so it can be helpful to break them down into smaller, more manageable steps. This will help you stay motivated and make progress towards your goal.
4. Write your goals down: Research shows that writing down your goals can increase your chances of achieving them. Write your goals down in a place where you will see them regularly, such as a notebook or on your phone.
5. Create a plan: Once you have set your goals, create a plan for achieving them. This might involve breaking your goals down into smaller steps, creating a timeline, and identifying any obstacles you may face.
6. Stay motivated: Staying motivated can be challenging, especially when progress is slow. Find ways to stay motivated, such as rewarding yourself for achieving milestones, seeking support from friends and family, or reminding yourself of the benefits of achieving your goals.
By setting and working towards achievable goals, you can take control of your life and achieve the things you want. Remember to be specific, realistic, and break your goals down into manageable steps. With dedication and persistence, you can achieve your goals and realize your dreams.