Having a super early night might not be the best sleep strategy for your health, according to one U.K. study.
The new research found that going to sleep between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. could lower the risk of heart disease.
The study, published in the European Heart Journal on Tuesday, used data from more than 88,000 participants in the U.K. Biobank study, which is a long-term investigation into the effects of environmental and genetic factors on the development of diseases.
Participants in the study wore devices on their wrists to collect the data, which showed that going to bed before 10 p.m. and later than 11 p.m. was associated with higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The authors of the study, who worked for health technology company Huma, said that hour in between was "associated with the lowest CVD incidence."
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The findings of the study also suggested that the link between bedtime and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease was higher for women.
The authors also cited another study, which was published in March and based on sleep habit questionnaires, which found that delayed bedtimes and waking times were associated with a higher risk of congestive heart failure.
The authors of the latest study claimed that there had been little focus on investigating the relationship between sleep parameters and heart risks, particularly when compared to the research done on the link with sleep length.
Insufficient sleep has been linked to conditions such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes.
Research from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine also found that people who get seven to eight hours sleep a night are more productive than those who get six hours sleep. Meanwhile, another study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that losing even just two hours of sleep a night could make someone more prone to anger.
— CNBC's Taylor Locke contributed to this story.


What is empathy and why is it so important to display it during a news briefing? Basically, empathy is showing your audience that you care about what they care about. If you succeed at this, your audience is more likely to trust and believe in you.
Case in point involves the shooting deaths of five people, including a young boy, in San Jacinto County, Texas. Authorities say a man was firing a gun in his front yard, and when neighbors complained, he became angry and killed five of them. The man ran away, leading authorities to organize a massive manhunt.
San Jacinto County Sheriff Greg Capers held a news briefing in which he made it clear that he was putting everything else aside in efforts to find the suspect. Capers said it didn’t matter to him that four of the five victims were illegal immigrants. His only concern was arresting the suspect, as you will see in the clip below.
In focusing exclusively on the manhunt, Capers came across as sincere and strong. He demonstrated that he cared about what the victim’s families and county residents cared about. The sheriff’s empathy almost certainly built up his credibility with county residents. That credibility will be an invaluable asset to Capers if he faces additional crises as the sheriff of San Jacinto County.


The Importance of Blood Sugar Levels after Spine Surgery
Category: Spine Surgery | Author: Stefano Sinicropi
Blood sugar is absolutely essential to our ability to function and survive. When blood sugar levels increase significantly, a whole host of issues can result. Blood sugar is a big factor that your surgeon considers prior to your procedure. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is essential to a successful spine surgery. In this article, we are going to focus on blood sugar levels after minimally invasive spine surgery.
What is Blood Sugar & Why is it Important?
Blood sugar is a measurement of the level of glucose in your blood. Our bodies naturally regulate blood sugar levels to keep us healthy. However, certain conditions (diabetes in particular) can mess up this natural regulation of blood sugar. When blood sugar levels are too high, it can lead to severe damage to the organs, blood vessels, and other parts of the body. That’s why it is so important for diabetics to keep their blood sugar in check throughout the day. Here are some tips for keeping your blood sugar levels in control:
- Exercising everyday for at least a half hour
- Cutting down on sugar and carbohydrates
- Getting at least 8 hours of sleep at night
Blood Sugar & Spine Surgery
Monitoring and maintaining appropriate blood sugar levels is important all the time, but especially before, during, and after surgery. One of the biggest risk factors that patients worry about before and after surgery is the possibility of developing an infection after the procedure. Surgeons do everything in their power to prevent infection related to surgical procedures. This can be particularly difficult in diabetic patients, as high blood sugar levels increase the risk of wound infection after spine surgery.
The most important thing you can do to prevent wound infection and other potential issues related to high blood sugar is to follow your pre and post surgical instructions. By adhering strictly to these guidelines for keeping glucose levels in check you will significantly cut your risk of wound infection after your procedure.


People can get burdened by challenges they are going through in life. These challenges may be as a result of their financial status, their relationship with others and tragic occurrences in their lives like the death of a loved one. However,people have overcome challenges by having a network of people to rely on for emotional support.
Emotional support is important because one gets a higher self-esteem. Their confidence gets a boost and they can manage through life problems. In addition, it gives people a better ability to cope with stress and feel more in control of their lives.
However, some people are their own support system. This means that they give themselves the necessary support during difficult times. How can one support himself or herself?
Self support can come from prayers. This is especially for the religious people. Turning to prayer can help ease the burdens of their hearts.
Another way of supporting oneself is through self love. If one cannot love himself or herself, who will? People should treat themselves well; cook a favorite meal or buy something new. This will help the person to feel better about themselves.
Moreover, people should do what makes them happy. Even in the face of challenges, engage in fun activities that will result to happiness. This will in turn reduce stress. However, one cannot engage in activities that make them happy while bringing unhappiness to others. One cannot leave their young children unattended just to go party.
Also, have time for self reflection. This is necessary for one to identify their weaknesses and their strengths. One is able to determine the way forward out of their misery.
Finally, reading motivational content can come in handy when one wants to support themselves emotionally. Motivational content exposes one to ways of dealing with life challenges. It also takes one’s mind off stressful situations for a while.
In conclusion,a support system can come from within us. People need to rethink their sources of emotional support. They need to realize that their can be their own shoulder to lean on. They can be the shove they needed to get things emerge stronger emotionally.


The Women Environmental Programme (WEP) has called on the Federal Government to ensure climate justice for women by implementing policies and programmes that increase clean energy access for Nigerian urban and rural poor women.
The call was made on Monday in a statement endorsed by Priscilla Achakpa, Executive Director of the WEP. According to her, the call became necessary due to the devastating effects women suffer due to lack of clean energy access in the country.
“Every day, Nigerian women are faced with energy challenges ranging from health problems resulting from the use of crude energy sources for cooking, to wastages of agricultural produce due to poor energy access for preservation and processing. Unfortunately, women are affected more by lack of access to clean energy as they are the ones involved with energy-demanding activities,” stated Ms. Achakpa.
In Nigeria, research shows that women produce 60-80% of agricultural food and also make up almost 100% of those who process basic food stuff.
She added: “Billions of Naira is lost yearly due to wastages of agricultural produce as a result of lack of preservation facilities. It is estimated that Nigeria loss N1 billion annually to fresh tomato wastage. Similarly, women are the ones responsible for cooking energy as they are primarily responsible for domestic cooking. Lack of clean energy access has seen over 120 million Nigerians use firewood as cooking energy. World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 98,000 Nigerian women die annually due to illnesses that result from the smoke they inhale while cooking with biomass fuel.
“This huge energy lack is coming out of the huge energy resources the country is endowed with – hydro, wind and solar – which could be harnessed to make energy accessible to all the nooks and crannies of the country. Sadly, about 23.73 million households in Nigeria, out of 28.9 million households in the country have no access to the national electricity grid, according to the National Electricity Regulatory Commission.
“The implication of this energy situation on women is widening inequalities between women and their male counterparts. This is further exacerbated by the impacts of climate change, making women poorer and increasing their vulnerabilities. Nigerian women have come out to speak with one voice that enough is enough of this injustice. We challenge the government to as a matter of urgency implement all policies and programmes that will harness our huge energy resources and make clean energy available for Nigerian women. We have suffered lack of energy for too long and can take it no longer.”


Mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are both investment vehicles that allow investors to buy a diversified portfolio of securities, such as stocks, bonds, or a combination of both. However, there are some key differences between mutual funds and ETFs that investors should be aware of:
- Structure: Mutual funds are investment companies that pool together money from many investors and use it to buy a portfolio of securities. ETFs are investment trusts that hold a portfolio of securities and issue shares that can be bought and sold on an exchange, much like stocks.
- Trading: Mutual fund shares are bought and sold at the end of the trading day, based on the fund’s net asset value (NAV). ETF shares are bought and sold throughout the day on an exchange, at prices that may differ from the NAV.
- Fees: Both mutual funds and ETFs charge fees to cover the costs of managing the fund, such as research, trading, and administration. These fees are expressed as an expense ratio, which is a percentage of the fund’s assets. ETFs tend to have lower expense ratios than mutual funds, on average.
- Diversification: Both mutual funds and ETFs offer diversification, as they allow investors to buy a portfolio of securities in a single transaction. However, ETFs may offer more specialized diversification, as they can focus on specific sectors, regions, or themes.
- Tax efficiency: Mutual funds and ETFs are both subject to tax implications, depending on the type of fund and the length of time the shares are held. However, ETFs may be more tax efficient than mutual funds, as they tend to generate fewer capital gains.
By understanding the differences between mutual funds and ETFs, investors can make informed decisions about which type of investment is best suited to their needs. It’s always a good idea to carefully research mutual funds and ETFs, read the prospectus, and consult with a financial professional before making any investment decisions.


How To Take Care of Your Cat’s heart?
Our cats and dogs offer unconditional love, so shouldn’t you do your best to take care of his or her heart?
Cats and dogs can become infected with heartworm from mosquito bites. All cats and dogs are susceptible to heartworm, no matter their age or state of health. It is important to protect your pet regardless of where you live as heartworm disease has been found in every state.
When an infected mosquito bites a pet, it transmits heartworm larvae, which mature into long adult heartworms that can live in the heart and surrounding vessels for several years. The number of heartworms living within the heart can be astounding; up to 250 heartworms have been found in a single dog. Pets treated for heartworm don’t develop immunity and can be reinfected at any time by another mosquito bite, so prevention after treatment is essential.
While many pets don’t display symptoms in the early stages, a dog with heartworm disease can show signs including: coughing, fainting, weight loss or difficulty breathing. If left undetected and untreated, heartworm disease can cause sudden death by blocking blood flow to the heart. In dogs, heartworm treatment involves slowly killing the worms without harming the pet. Cats tend to have fewer worms, but their effect can be just as devastating. Currently, no heartworm treatment exists for cats.
Luckily, heartworm disease is completely and easily preventable. Administering an oral monthly heartworm preventative, or having your veterinarian give an injection every six months, will kill immature heartworms before they mature and are able to inflict damage to the pet.
The experts at Banfield Pet Hospital (www.banfield.com) suggest pet owners get their pets tested for heartworms and then discuss prevention or treatment if necessary. The test is quick and simple and requires only a drop of your pet’s blood. Only a veterinarian can prescribe heartworm preventive, and he or she will make sure your pet gets the appropriate protection.


Today we want to tell you the story of Luiza Grüner.
She was born in Berlin and attended a Jewish school there. Due to the worsening situation for Jews in Germany, she and her family moved to Poland, first to Jarosław, then to Kraków.
Our proganist was six years old when the war broke out. After their short stay in Jarosław, all Jews were ordered to leave the town, at which point, together with her mother who was hiding their Jewish origins, they went to Kraków.
In Kraków, they were placed in the ghetto, where Luizas mother worked in the “Optima” factory. Thanks to the resourcefulness of her mother, who found Luiza a hiding place and left the ghetto for a short time herself, they managed to survive two deportation operations in the ghetto to the Bełżec death camp.
They then received documents proving that they were foreigners and, after many more hardships, were sent to the Bergen -Belsen camp.
From so far to so close.
* These materials are licenced under a CC BY-NC License for free access.
Archive of the Jewish Historical Institute (AŻIH) ref. 301/837


Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that restricts or provide additional information about other words, phrases, or clauses. Modifiers can be adjectives or adverbs. Modifiers that appear before the head are called premodifiers and modifiers that appear after the head are called postmodifiers.
We have a certain amount of freedom in deciding where to place our modifiers in a sentence:
We rowed the boat vigorously.
We vigorously rowed the boat.
Vigorously we rowed the boat.
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Article, Elements of Technical Writing, Humor, Whatis, Writing Tips Dangling modifier, grammar, Grammatical modifier, Misplaced Modifier, modifier, Sentence (linguistics), slippery modifiers, Technical communication, Writing, Writing Tip
“Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.” – William Strunk in his classic text The Elements of Style.
What is Concise Writing?
Writers often strive to achieve conciseness in their work. But what exactly does it mean to be concise?
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Article, Elements of Technical Writing, HowTo, Whatis Brevity, Conciseness, Elements of Style, Example of Conciseness, Late Latin, Sentence (linguistics), Technical communication, William Strunk


What is Spine Arthritis?
Spine Arthritis or Osteoarthritis of the spine is a breakdown of the cartilage of the joints and discs in the neck and lower back. Sometimes this medical condition produces spurs that put pressure on the nerves leaving the spinal column, causing weakness and pain in the arms or legs.
For people younger than age 45, osteoarthritis is more common among men, but after age 45, osteoarthritis is more common among women. Osteoarthritis occurs more often among people who are overweight. It also occurs more frequently in those who have jobs or do sports that put repetitive stress on certain joints.
The best way to confirm a diagnosis of osteoarthritis is by X-ray. The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical exam to see if the person has pain, tenderness, loss of motion involving the neck or lower back, or if symptoms are suggestive, signs of nerve involvement such as weakness, reflex changes, or loss of sensation.
How can Stem Cell Therapy help you?
Stem cells can duplicate and differentiate into cartilage cells.
Stem cell therapy for Spine Arthritis works by using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Off late, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been more focused towards cartilage tissue repair and regeneration.
Where can you go for stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis?
There are options all over the world – thanks to some countries’ flexible policies in this matter, huge progress has been made in stem cell research. Patients suffering from Spine Arthritis travel to places like Mexico, Germany, Turkey, Ukraine, China, Thailand, and South Korea, where they find comprehensive and affordable stem cell therapy packages for their disease.


Although fruits and vegetables are nutritious, there are some fruits and vegetables that can affect pregnant women and babies. Even if you want to eat so much, it’s better to avoid it.
Fruits and vegetables to avoid for the health of the mother and baby are as follows:
- Climbing vegetables
These vegetables contain high Purines. It can cause irregular protein digestion and make the body produce more uric acid. It’s also a cause of gout which is dangerous to pregnant women.
- Raw Mango
Though it’s not toxic, it’s hard to digest. It might make the mother abdominal discomfort and constipation.
It can cause high gas in the stomach, acid reflux, chest pain, and heartburn from constipation that pregnant women usually have.
And avoid other sweet fruits because they can increase the risk of gestational diabetes usually happened in pregnant women.
So, you need to avoid some favorite fruits and vegetables during your pregnancy. You can wait to eat then after childbirth for your and your baby’s own health.
References: www.sanook.com/women/128813/, http://www.petcharavejhospital.com/…/what_food_pregnant…


What is a Herniated Disc?
In the spine, there are spongy discs in-between the bones, formally known as the vertebrae. Discs are the shock absorbers for your back and assist the back with flexibility. When damaged, discs are capable of causing severe problems.
A herniated disc is when the disc bulges or tears out of its area of containment. These can occur anywhere along the spine. Old age and injury are a couple of factors can increase the risk of a herniated disc.
Symptoms of Herniated Disc
Symptoms manifest through pain, numbness, and weakness within the area of the body where the nerve travels. Upon a disc’s herniation, it is likely that the disc will press on nerve roots, which would subsequently send pain or numbness in the area affected. Additionally, weakness may occur in the area where the nerve reaches. A herniated disc in the lower back that sends pain down the leg is known as Sciatica.
You may be unaware of a herniated disc if that disc does not press up against a nerve, in fact, you may not feel pain at all if the disc doesn’t touch the nerve. Nevertheless, if you do feel pain in your back, it may be best to visit a specialized back physician. A doctor will be able to diagnose a herniated disc by your description or a scan (MRI or CT).


By Barrett White
In a study led by Zachary Most, MD, of the Pediatric Infectious Disease department at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, it was revealed that in adolescent patients living with HIV, there were a significant number of MOEs, or “missed opportunity encounters”. These MOEs mean that these patients could have been diagnosed much earlier, had a proper HIV detection program been in place. Many pediatric centers do not have advanced HIV detection programs like adult emergency center do, if they have one at all.
In Houston, the diagnoses are not being missed, but instead show a growing trend in adolescents. Between 2017 and 2018, adolescents between 11 and 19 showed a developing number of HIV diagnoses in an age group that typically does not see much growth. Most of the new diagnoses were young black males, followed by Hispanic males. Black and Hispanic females made up another notable portion of diagnoses after males.
According to the Houston Health Department, 1 in 200 Houstonians is living with HIV. Prevention is key—if you are unsure of your HIV status, we strongly suggest you get tested. Book an appointment or walk in to one of our Legacy clinics and get tested with zero judgment. Our testing is quick and free for high-risk individuals.
Legacy is committed to ending the HIV epidemic in Houston through public health education, legislative and grassroots advocacy, and coalition building.


If a Mosquito Bites Me after I’ve Had a Beer, Can It Get Drunk?
Shockingly, no major studies have been conducted on this topic. “The implications are, however, profound,” says Michael Raupp, an entomologist...
Shockingly, no major studies have been conducted on this topic. “The implications are, however, profound,” says Michael Raupp, an entomologist at the University of Maryland. “Reckless flying, passing out in frosty beer mugs, hitting on crane flies instead of mosquito babes. Frightening!” Fortunately, enough related research exists to make an educated guess.
First, does alcohol affect a mosquito’s simple nervous system the way it does creatures with complex brains, such as dogs or Mickey Rourke? In labs, honeybees fly upside-down after alcohol exposure, and inebriated fruit flies have trouble staying upright and fare poorly on learning tests. This suggests that mosquitoes can get tipsy.
Now, how much alcohol does it take to get them schnockered? Scientists routinely puff ethanol vapors at insects and measure their sensitivity with devices called inebriometers. Bugs are no lightweights, often withstanding vapor concentrations of 60 percent alcohol, far more than what’s in our blood after a couple beers. “Someone who’s had 10 drinks might have a blood alcohol content of 0.2 percent,” says entomologist Coby Schal of North Carolina State University. To a mosquito, a blood meal that contains 0.2 percent alcohol is like drinking a beer diluted 25-fold.
Skeeters might have developed this Ruthian ability to hold their liquor through diet. They also feed on fermenting fruit and plants, which contain at least 1 percent alcohol and might have boosted their tolerance. And in a mosquito, alcohol (and any fluid other than blood) is diverted to a “holding pouch,” where enzymes break it down before it hits the nervous system.
Before you try to drink a mosquito under the table, heed this warning from Michael Reiskind, an entomologist at Oklahoma State University: The blood alcohol levels required to do so would almost certainly kill you as well.


The United States has been a polyglot country since before it was a country. As early as 1646, no fewer than 18 languages were spoken on Manhattan Island. German was common in colonial-era Pennsylvania. New York’s Dutch community held onto their language long after the English takeover of what had been New Amsterdam. And African slaves spoke dozens of native languages and dialects. But the nation’s continuing linguistic diversity is ever evolving and it can still spark controversy, as Coca-Cola discovered with its recent Super Bowl ad.
Language charts, such as this one by the U.S. Census, reflect the nation’s changing demographics. Spanish is overwhelmingly the most common non-English language, as it has been since the Census Bureau began detailed language surveys in the 1970s. According to the 2011 American Community Survey, nearly 13% of the population (37.6 million people) spoke Spanish or a Spanish creole at home. Beyond that, though, the chart illustrates the changing composition of the U.S. population.
In 1980, for instance, only about 630,000 people spoke Chinese at home; by 2001 nearly 2.9 million did. The number of Tagalog speakers more than tripled over that span, to about 1.6 million. By contrast, languages spoken by older immigrant groups continue to decline. In 2011, for example, only about 161,000 people reported speaking Yiddish at home, about half as many as in 1980. Note that because the chart only displays languages for which comparable data were available for all time periods, other widely spoken languages such as Arabic (952,000 speakers in 2011), Hindi (645,000) and Urdu (374,000) aren’t shown.
As one might expect, language prevalence varies considerably by geography. Chicago, for instance, retains a concentration of Polish speakers, while Arabic is the predominant language (other than English and Spanish) in the Detroit area.


Most of the time we see negative lightning, which originated both on the ground and in the lower, and more negatively charged, portion of the cloud.
Once the ionization process begins and plasma forms, a path is not created instantaneously. In fact, there are usually many separate paths of ionized air stemming from the cloud. These paths are typically referred to as stepped leaders.
The stepped leaders are mostly invisible, except to incredibly high speed cameras — they branch towards the ground unbelievably quickly — about 164 feet (50 meters) per microsecond!
They form branches because the air may not ionize equally in all directions. Dust or impurities in the air may cause the particles to stream more easily in one direction, giving a better chance that the stepped leader will reach the earth faster in that direction. Also, the shape of the electric field can greatly affect the ionization path. This shape depends on the location of the charged particles, which in this case are located at the bottom of the cloud and Earth's surface. If the cloud is parallel to Earth's surface, and the area is small enough that the curvature of Earth is negligible, the two charge locations will behave as two charged parallel plates. The lines of force (electric flux) generated by the charge separation will be perpendicular to the cloud and the earth.
Flux lines always radiate perpendicularly from the charge surface before moving toward the location of the opposite charge. Given that the lower surface of the cloud is not straight, the flux lines will not be uniform.
When one flux line reaches the ground first, it creates a conductive path that all other branches between the cloud and the earth will then follow. The path reaching the ground results in the strike — the sudden, massive, flow of electrical current moving from the cloud to the ground.
But while all this action is happening in the cloud, the surface of Earth is getting ready for the lightning strike as well. Next we'll look at positive streamers and what happens when these streamers meet stepped leaders.


Self-monitoring refers to deliberate attention to aspects of one’s behavior, and is an important component of self-regulated learning, which depends on favorable self-evaluations of one’s capabilities and progress toward learning goals. Have you ever sleep most of the day away? If so, do you feel tired or drained after you have awakened from a first-class sleep? This is a sign of oversleeping. If you have answered yes to the following questions, don’t feel alone. I am a victim of the “oversleeping syndrome.” For the duration of the past few weeks I have monitored my sleeping behavior. This is a health-related behavior that can cause problems in your life if overly used. During my monitoring process I exposed, when trying to achieve this goal many obstacles come your way.
Recently I have had problems with sleeping entirely too much. Anyone who over sleeps knows that too much sleep will drain you of all your energy. In recent monitoring I found out that too much sleep gives your body too much resting time. Therefore, the blood is not flowing through your body properly. We all need at least eight hours of sleep a day. A nap is good also. Working a full time job and attending school throughout the week causes you to become restless and in need of sleep. To avoid from getting too much sleep, I created a time management schedule that provides me with different activities in a timely manner. Doing so, will enable me to monitor the way I use my time. Lately, I have been doing more sleeping and less exercising. In order to avoid my sleeping habit, I came up with a goal. That goal was to use the time I spent sleeping more productively by exercising instead. Exercising should be an important part of my weekly schedule. Anyone who exercising knows that starting is the hard part. To achieve my goal I had to make a schedule of exercising activities. Motivation is the key to achieving all goals. In part take of this, I planned to exercise at least three times a week.
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Understanding how influenza viruses traverse the mucus and recognize host cells is critical for evaluating their zoonotic potential, and for prevention and treatment of the disease. The surface of the influenza A virus is covered with the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin and the receptor-cleaving enzyme neuraminidase, which jointly control the interactions between the virus and the host cell. These proteins are organized in closely spaced trimers and tetramers to facilitate multivalent interactions with sialic acid-terminated glycans. This review shows that the individually weak multivalent interactions of influenza viruses allow superselective binding, virus-induced recruitment of receptors, and the formation of dynamic complexes that facilitate molecular walking. Techniques to measure the avidity and receptor specificity of influenza viruses are reviewed, and the pivotal role of multivalent interactions with their emergent properties in crossing the mucus and entering host cells is discussed. A model is proposed for the initiation of cell entry through virus-induced receptor clustering. The multivalent interactions of influenza viruses are maintained in a dynamic regime by a functional balance between binding and cleaving.
|Publication status||Published - 1 Apr 2021|
- sialic acids
- supramolecular chemistry


Middle School Math
The Connecticut Core Standards provide the foundation for the Cheshire mathematics curriculum. While the mathematical content and skills in each grade level are essential for student success, a good portion of the emphasis in math is related to the eight mathematical practices described in the standards. The mathematics curriculum develops student’s knowledge, skills, and proficiency in numerous mathematical areas and topics, including problem-solving, applications, algebra, and geometry. Students investigate multi-faceted, real-world math applications and problems in order to develop a deep understanding of the underlying math concepts and principles. Assignments that require students to explain, justify, and communicate their strategies and solutions also reinforce these concepts and procedures.
All Dodd math courses teach grade-level Common Core math standards. Students who are developmentally ready may be selected to pursue an accelerated curriculum. The Accelerated math places a greater emphasis on algebraic concepts, augmented with more homework, and is faster-paced. Selection criteria are based on a combination of standardized assessments and demonstration of proficiency of skills and concepts above grade-level expectations.
Grade 7 accelerated math students will be enrolled in the high school equivalent Algebra I in 8th grade upon successful completion of the previous course. Algebra I students who successfully complete the course will be placed in Cheshire High School’s Geometry.
Grade 7 advanced math students (taking Algebra I in 7th grade) will be enrolled in the high school equivalent Geometry in 8th grade upon successful completion of the previous course. Geometry students who successfully complete the course will be placed in Cheshire High School’s Algebra II.


23 October 2018
An update on the progress made in 2017 towards reducing the island’s greenhouse gas emissions has been published.
Pathway 2050: An Energy Plan for Jersey was adopted by the States Assembly in 2014 as a commitment to reducing our Jersey greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, compared with 1990 levels. The report provides an overview of progress made during 2017, the third year of its implementation.
Actions taken in 2017 included:
- Community Buildings Programme upgraded 19 buildings with LED lighting
- LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming) was introduced by the rural economy team, bringing Jersey’s agricultural environmental performance in line with best practice
- eco-friendly parking permit scheme encouraged uptake of low-emission vehicles by offering free parking for one year for newly registered vehicles
By the end of 2016 Jersey’s greenhouse gas emissions had dropped 36% since 1990.
The Minister for the Environment, Deputy John Young, said: “The recently released IPCC report has highlighted the need for urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally. For us in Jersey, this emphasises the need to continue the crucial work streams agreed in the Energy Plan, the importance of which is now recognised in the proposed Statement of Common Strategic Priorities.”
Jersey's Energy Plan: year 3 update report


Introduction: There are many ways to influence the adhesive properties of the various adhesive systems available. These systems have been launched on the dental market to simplify the use of this dental biomaterial in the clinic.
Objective: To present the current information about the various factors influencing the quality of adhesion in universal adhesive systems, including the double adhesive layer, acid etching vs self-etching, steps added to the adhesive technique, enamel adhesion vs dentin adhesion and performance against to various aging tests.
Methodology: A search was carried out in the PubMed electronic database using as keywords "universal adhesive", "double layer application", "enamel bond strength", "dentin bond strength", "artificial aging".
Results: Using a double adhesive layer will increase our adhesion quality in universal adhesive systems, giving us a more stable layer. The difference between the resulting adhesive quality using an acid etching technique versus a self-etching technique could merely be related to the universal adhesive used, however, there does not appear to be a statistically significant difference between both adhesive techniques. We can add steps to our adhesion protocol to result in improvements in our adhesion quality, such as placing silane before placing the adhesive layer, or having our dentin surface wet in an acid etching technique. Adhesion to enamel is more predictable than to dentin, however, it is believed that by inhibiting the oxygen layer, adhesion to dentin is favored. The aging tests influence the adhesive results obtained in in vitro studies, which try to imitate the conditions that we might find in the mouth.
Conclusion: Universal adhesive systems offer the advantage of handling this material with various techniques, being for this reason a versatile material that could be used in various clinical procedures that involve dental bonding.


Feelings & Emotions
Feelings and Emotions
Feelings and emotions are an integral part of human experience. They play a significant role in shaping our thoughts, behaviors, and overall well-being. Here are some key points to understand about feelings and emotions:
Definition: Feelings and emotions are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. Emotions are intense, instinctive responses to specific stimuli, such as fear, joy, anger, or sadness. Feelings, on the other hand, are subjective experiences that arise from our emotional responses and can be influenced by personal and cultural factors.
Types of Emotions: Emotions can be categorized into basic or primary emotions, including happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. These are considered universal across cultures. Additionally, there are complex emotions that emerge from a combination of primary emotions or arise from specific circumstances, such as love, guilt, jealousy, and pride.
Expression: Emotions can be expressed through various channels, including facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and verbal communication. Different cultures may have unique ways of expressing emotions, but certain expressions, like smiling when happy or crying when sad, are generally recognized across societies.
Subjectivity: Each person’s experience of emotions is unique. The same situation can elicit different emotional responses in different individuals, depending on their personal histories, beliefs, and temperament. It’s important to acknowledge and respect the individuality of emotions.
Importance: Emotions serve as valuable signals that provide insight into our needs, desires, and experiences. They influence our decision-making processes, social interactions, and overall psychological well-being. Suppressing or ignoring emotions can have adverse effects on mental health.
Emotional Intelligence: Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions, as well as empathize with others and navigate social relationships effectively. Developing emotional intelligence can lead to better self-awareness, emotional regulation, and improved interpersonal skills.
Emotional Well-being: Taking care of our emotional well-being involves acknowledging, accepting, and expressing our emotions in a healthy manner. This may involve seeking support from trusted individuals, engaging in activities that promote positive emotions, practicing self-care, and developing coping strategies to manage negative emotions.


As schools across the country close in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, countless classroom “pets” and other animals housed on school campuses may be forgotten and left behind for the duration of the planned school closings. That means that for weeks—maybe longer—they may not be given food or water or the opportunity to venture outside their enclosure to stretch and play. Their cages or tanks may not be cleaned, forcing them to live amid their waste until someone returns, and if they require heating lamps or temperature-controlled water, an unexpected power outage could be fatal. These are just some of the extensive needs that many animals have—needs that will most likely not be met during school closings. Emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic are just one of the many reasons why animals are not safe in schools and should never be kept on campus.
Treating animals like expendable classroom tools—no more deserving of care and respect than a pencil or a notebook—sends students the dangerous message that humans are superior to all other species. That’s called speciesism, and just like other harmful “isms,” it’s a form of bullying that should never be tolerated in schools—let alone modeled by teachers and staff.
If your school allows classroom “pets” or other animals to be housed on campus, please keep an eye out for them and speak up. Saying something could save their lives, especially now when so many people are acting in their own self-interest and failing to exercise empathy for others. Urge your school officials to institute an official ban on animals on campus so that this problem (and others) can be avoided in the first place and to require that those who are already in schools be included in emergency plans.


New Mexico families concerned about problems during pregnancy may wish to know about the risk of stillbirth. Nearly 33 percent of stillbirths remain unexplained. There are risk factors associated with this intrauterine death of a fetus after 20 weeks gestation. They include mothers over 35, smoking, drug or alcohol abuse and malnutrition. Stillbirths occur in about one out of every 160 pregnancies.
Common reasons for stillbirths include chromosomal abnormalities. Such genetic defects are responsible for about 15 to 20 percent of all stillbirths. Structural abnormalities that make survival difficult can also result in stillbirth. Smaller than normal-sized babies cause a high risk for asphyxia and brain injury.
The placenta grows in the uterus to supply the baby with oxygen and nutrients. However, it may separate from the wall of the uterus, depriving the baby of both. Placental abruption is often linked to stillbirth. This may result from high blood pressure related to pregnancy called preeclampsia. Placental abruption has a 50 percent higher chance of resulting in stillbirth.
Infections, particularly after 24 weeks, may result in intrauterine death if they go undiagnosed. Trauma to the mother’s abdomen may also result in stillbirth. Other causes are umbilical cord issues and maternal diabetes.
There are signs that indicate potential problems might exist that could lead to stillbirth. Decreased movement by the baby or increases in blood pressure may be signs that fetal monitoring and ultrasound may be necessary. In addition, regulating blood pressure is important during pregnancy.
If a health care provider fails to be alert for problems that may lead to stillbirth, he or she may have failed in their duty to take steps to prevent it. An attorney may obtain expert opinion to determine if the provider was negligent. If so, a malpractice suit may be filed against the doctor or medical staff.
Source: American Pregnancy Association , “Stillbirth: Trying To Understand“, November 26, 2014


3 in 10
Number of children in the most deprived areas of England that are obese
1 in 3
Number of children in England that are overweight or obese by the time they leave primary school
Number of children aged 10-11 in England that are severely obese and need medical help
The healthy food and drinks market in the UK is growing steadily, yet nutritional value and high prices often go hand-in-hand. There is a clear relationship between childhood obesity and deprivation, with the healthiest products out of reach for many. The diets of those on low incomes are unhealthier than those in higher income brackets, with childhood obesity levels in areas of deprivation more than double those in affluent areas.
And it’s not only the cost of food, but what’s available locally. People living in areas of deprivation are much more likely to have a greater number of cheap, unhealthy options on their doorstep, and less money to go in search of healthy alternatives.
Many social entrepreneurs are trying to tackle this challenge, for example, by developing new healthy food brands and new approaches to food retail. Four specific opportunities exist - two related to products innovation (snacks and pre-prepared meals) and two related to adapting retail channels (supermarkets and convenience stores). But this is a tough industry and most social businesses struggle to reach meaningful scale.
As part of our Early Action focus area, we are working with Guy’s and St Thomas’ Charity, leading experts in this field, to develop new approaches to help these entrepreneurs to succeed. Our report shows the opportunities and the barriers we will need to overcome.Read the report
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The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 captured this pair of false-color images of the Holuhraun lava field. The images combine shortwave infrared, near infrared, and red light (OLI bands 6-5-4) to better show variations in the temperature of the lava. This particular band combination also makes it easier to see through the plume of steam and gas rising from the fissure.
In the image from April 2, 2015 (top), snow blanketed the surrounding landscape but the lava field (black) remained warm enough to prevent significant accumulation. For comparison, the second image shows Holuhraun on September 6, 2014, in the early days of the eruption. Newly-formed basaltic rock is black. Fresh lava is bright orange.
On February 28, 2015, Icelandic authorities declared the eruption over. Since August 2014, the eruption has produced a lava field that covers 85 square kilometers (33 square miles). The average thickness of the field is 10 to 14 meters (33 to 46 feet), and nearly 1.4 cubic kilometers (0.3 cubic miles) of lava (by volume) extruded from the Earth.
The eruption created a number of features — the lava field and several craters — that local authorities are now in the process of naming. A new lake will likely form when summer melt water runs off of nearby Vatnajokull glacier.
While fresh lava has stopped flowing from Holuhraun, it is possible that activity could resume. One volcanologist monitoring the area has noted that Bardarbunga’s caldera, which fed the Holuhraun eruption, has started rising, a sign that magma may be accumulating in the magma chamber again.


Curiosity › Science › Physics › [Ask a Geek] What if you pressed something indefinitely? › Reply To: [Ask a Geek] What if you pressed something indefinitely?
This is an interesting question! :)
When you press something indefinitely with the help indestructible stuff, you will eventually start the process of creating a singularity a.k.a the black hole. So to begin with, let’s consider you are compressing an object like an iron ball for example. When you increase the pressure in the container, the molecules in the ball start compressing and in the process the temperature rises (the molecular kinetic energy increases). The more you compress the more the heat is added (as work done + rise in the average kinetic energy of molecules). This will eventually lead to a change in the phase of the iron ball.
Take a look at Iron’s phase diagram below.
Let’s say you have reached a temperature of 3000 degree Celsius and pressure beyond 500 bar.
At this point, iron would only exist as a hot molten liquid. When you keep increasing the pressure with the ‘indestructible and non-reactive’ piston of yours, the molecules will soon rip itself apart and soon the electrons will rip itself from the atoms (as they will reach very high energy states), forming a very hot plasma.
You keep increasing the pressure, you would have added enough energy to overcome the repulsion between the electrons and nucleons (a countering pressure called degeneracy pressure). This is the point where you will cross the electron degeneracy pressure.
After overcoming that, you will eventually overcome the proton degeneracy pressure. And as the energy of electrons and protons are now increased, electron capture begins and all the electrons and protons will form neutrons, leaving a soup of neutrons in your unbreakable container.
Now your unbreakable container is a neutron star!
When you increase the pressure, you will overcome the neutron degenerate matter and might create a quark star (where the neutrons will now only be existing as their constituent particles as the up and down quarks). Now, you will have to increase your pressure to overcome the pressure between these quarks (quark degeneracy pressure).
And when you overcome this, you will be able to confine all of the matter in that indestructible container into a point, creating the singularity.


Education, choice, fairness and political consensus are the key principles the public believe should underpin the UK’s path to net zero, Climate Assembly UK has found.
On 10 September, it published its final report, having been commissioned by six House of Commons Select Committees to build understanding on the public’s preferences for how the UK tackles climate change. A majority of assembly members (79%) either “strongly agreed” or “agreed” steps taken by the government to help the economic recovery, post COVID-19, should be designed to help achieve net zero.
Another significant number (93%) said that they would in favour of government, employers and others taking steps to encourage lifestyles to change to be more compatible with reaching net zero as lockdown eases.
On decarbonising heating, members favoured tailored solutions that enable local authorities and local organisations to choose solutions suited to their local areas. Hydrogen (83%), heat pumps (80%) and heat networks (80%) were cited as the best technologies to use for zero carbon heating, while assembly members were also found to favour placing an emphasis on the shift to electric vehicles (EVs). They recommended a ban on the sale of new petrol, diesel and hybrid cars by 2030-35.
The commissioning committees have written to the Prime Minister, calling on him to ensure the government acts on the recommendations made. They have also written to the leaders of other parties, setting out the role they can play in delivering cross-party consensus on reaching net zero – another thing found important to assembly members.


At present, it seems that the perception of people across the world on COVID-19 is that it is dreadly and dangerous…
Most of us are panicking about this novel virus. We tend to think and worry a lot regarding the effects of it. No wonder, because we get to see reports on deaths of infected people. We should also not forget that some of the infected people have recovered from viral infections (around 50k out of 90k and around 30k are still fighting with mild infection). If we observe, most of the deaths reported are either old (above 70) or sick (heart patients, diabetics, etc) people.
We all know that travelling abroad is the cause of the outbreak of the corona virus in most of the countries including India. As a result, few cases are detected in our country and patients are being isolated to avoid further spreading.
We are aware of the fact that this is a novel virus and currently there is no vaccine for the prevention. It doesn’t necessarily mean that it could lead to death of all those who get infected. It depends on our immunity levels. Our immune system keeps fighting with many foreign organisms every day.
We must learn and follow the preventive measures as being implied by the world health organization. In addition to following personal hygiene, we must think, eat and sleep right!
It is known that kids, old and sick people are more susceptible to the virus.
Panic is only going to make the sickness worse! Sound sleep is the key for good immunity which leads to ample production of antibodies.
In addition to this, we must boost our immunity with optimum uptake of Vitamin C and D.
And above all
Corona virus is not transmitted in the air but through respiratory droplets. Virus lives on the hands for 10 minutes. So carry an alcohol sterilizer in the pocket and make sure to clean your hands when you go around!
Virus is inactive if the temperature is above 27 degrees celsius. So drinking hot water and eating hot food helps us combat any virus in general.
Sai Divya Kanna,
BRC, Szeged Hungary.
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Breeding in managed care is discouraged out of concern for spread of disease from captive tortoises
Management practices should be "compatible with the evolutionary history of gene flow" in widely separated desert tortoise populations (Edwards et al 2004)
Human-made barriers now block tortoise movements
Translocations to small isolated populations from nearby populations may aid in long term survival
Potential hazards of translocations currently being assessed; may increase spread of disease, survival of translocated tortoises needs further study
Desert tortoises from a managed care source can be kept in Arizona, but only one tortoise per family.
In Nevada, desert tortoises can be kept if were already in managed care prior to listing; can't buy, sell, or give them away.
Sonoran Desert Museum established a Tortoise Adoption Program (sanctioned by AZ Game & Fish Department)
Desert tortoises can be kept in California after obtaining a permit from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.
Desert tortoises are hardy and are often given harmful care because the effects are not immediately obvious
Conditions necessary for healthy desert tortoises:
Diet as close to that in the wild as possible (be wary of advice in websites and popular literature)
Living in the species natural geographical range
A well-designed and secure habitat with sun and shade, a burrow, walls to prevent climbing out
Protection from injury and extremes of climate
Protection from ants, dogs, other turtle species, predatory birds, rodents, house cats
Dietary items often offered but which should be avoided:
Apples, avocado, bananas, cat and dog food, corn, dairy products, iceberg lettuce, melons, peaches, primate biscuits
Any commercial diets marketed for turtles (they are tortoises, with different dietary requirements than that of other turtles)
SDZWA Library Mission: To provide outstanding information resources and services to advance knowledge in animal and plant care and conservation, inspire passion for nature, ignite personal responsibility, and strengthen our organization’s capacity to save species worldwide.


By : Devika Gurung
Handicraft is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools. It is a traditional main sector of craft. Usually the term is applied to traditional means of making goods rather than by mass production or machines. Usually handicraft items are intended to be used, worn, etc. having a purpose beyond simple decoration.
Similarly in our state local handicrafts has a great significance both cultural and religious. Crafting such handicrafts is a herculean task and takes a lot of manpower. It is amazing how these local artisans turn a piece of wood into a delicate craft or a plain cloth into a resplendent painting. Every one of us is dazzled by the beauty of these handicrafts but nobody is in sport to purchase them, every body opts for non-native goods.
Despite the fact that the state government itself focuses on promotion of local handicrafts, the non-native crafts overshadow the native ones. The market is overflowing with foreign goods. Visit any gift shop it’s rare that you will find local crafts. Only a countable number of shops are fully dedicated in promoting local arts and crafts. Just turn your eyes around and you will see them everywhere; at souvenir shops, at homes, in vehicles etc.
“People both local and tourists prefer buying non local goods and there’s much profit in it”, says a shopkeeper who owns a souvenir shop at Lal Market. When asked to a local customer why she prefers purchasing the nonnative goods, she states “I buy these foreign goods because they are very colourful and attractive and it’s under my budget. Local crafts are high priced; every one cannot afford to buy them”. Not only the customers even the vendors cannot afford to display the local crafts as they are high cost.
Every body complains about the price but nobody wants to see and appreciate the hard work put behind crafting those beautiful crafts. We talk so much about preserving and universalizing our culture and heritage but if we ourselves don’t appreciate and respect what we have then nobody can help us preserve our rich heritage. So next time when you think of buying a craft or an art make sure you go for the native ones. An individual can bring about a change with true dedication and initiative.
Courtesy: Sikkim Mail
Is Delhi Police friendly towards the people of North East states?
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a very hot field these days. Stories about AI seem to be popping up everywhere, on television, in newspapers and of course the Internet. Not surprisingly then, software engineers that understand this new technology are in high demand, being aggressively recruited by companies like Alphabet (the parent company of Google), Amazon, Microsoft, and Facebook. Yes, that's right, Facebook! You might reasonably ask, why does Facebook need AI? The answer gives us a glimpse into where this technology is headed and is the subject of this post.
First let's start with a definition. According to the Oxford Dictionary, artificial intelligence is "The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages." Facebook currently has more than 1.7 billions users around the world, and each day its users post 300 million photos and share more than 4.7 billions pieces of content (Source: Zephoria). That's an enormous amount of data and Facebook sifts through every single byte of it. The company had revenue of $17.9 billion dollars in 2015, and analysts anticipate revenue of $27 billion in 2016. Facebook earns this money by learning everything it can about is users and selling that data to advertising and marketing firms. So anything that helps them understand more about us also helps their overall business, and that's where AI comes in.
In order to extract information from all of those photos and videos, Facebook uses a number of different AI tools. For example, they analyze photos not only to determine who is in it, but also where it was taken and what products might be in the picture. Facebook then uses this information to deliver customized content to each user, such as targeted advertisements and the NewsFeed users receive. The AI software even filters which posts users see from their family and friends. A recent study from MIT found that 62% of users didn't realize that the content they saw was being filtered, and many of them were not at all happy about it. So the next time you're on Facebook, ask yourself why these particular news stories or posts were chosen for you? Perhaps more importantly, ask yourself what are you not seeing?
Interesting information about FaceBook. This will probably also apply to Twitter.ReplyDelete


You can do anything you need in a word processor, organize your entire life on an email calendar, and set your screen preferences exactly how you want them. At this juncture, you might decide its time to beef up your computer knowledge and start learning about the more technical side of things. This jump can be intimidating, though. You’ll encounter phrases such as MBD publication and long acronyms that look like another language. Don’t panic! If you understand the basics, anything is possible.
Writing code is usually the next step in a person’s educational journey with computers. But what is it? Coding can look and feel complicated, but at the end of the day it’s just a set of instructions you give to your computer. Just like your persnickety high school English teacher, the computer requires its code to be written in a specific way. That’s why you’ll notice slashes and abbreviation when you read a line of code; it’s the language that a computer can read.
There are many different platforms that allow you to manipulate the code of a website or program. Some of the most popular include Python, Java, and PHP. Each different type of coding application relates to a specific field. For example, Java is used mainly to develop other apps and PHP specializes in websites and content management systems.
Every coding application will address some, if not all, of the basic mechanics of coding. This means they take into account types of data, keywords you use, formatting of text or objects, and specific functions, among other things. As you learn a coding language, you will become a whiz with each of these mechanics and it will feel like second nature to you.
Learning to code can be difficult, but it is a skill that can make navigating a computer much easier.


At my workshop in Russia I talked about “make feels”. Can one person make another person feel something.
Julian Rotter in the 1960s presented his idea of Locus Of Control (LOC) that has been a huge contribution to the field of psychology. And at the workshop we even did the LOC test so participants could work out what was their locus of control.
Having an internal LOC means the person believes they are responsible and in charge of their thoughts, behaviours and feelings
Having an external LOC means the person believes others are responsible and in charge of their thoughts, behaviours and feelings
In more recent times there has been much more talk about the role of relationships in therapy and the central role it plays in how we react and feel, especially with co-creation theory where it is seen that two people co create their reality. This allows us to define a third kind of LOC – a relational LOC as we can see in the diagram below.
Internal LOC = good prognosis for therapy
External LOC = poor prognosis for therapy
Relational LOC = ambivalence prognosis for therapy
People with an internal LOC are quite willing to have personal insight to how they may be contributing to their own problems such as their rackets and the games they may play.
People with an external LOC see others or some situation out of their control that is responsible for their own difficulties. Hence there is a poorer prognosis as in therapy you cannot change others who are not there. All you can do is look at yourself. These people will tend to make ‘change others’ contracts in therapy which as we know don’t work.
“I want my husband to love me more”
“I want my boss to stop being CP to me.”
Those with a relational LOC believe that it is the contract in the relationship that allows us to create our reality and hence be in control of how we think and feel. This could be seen as combining both the external and internal LOCs and hence the prognosis is also effected in a more negative way.


The landscape of the Ancares invites you from afar to wander along narrow pathways that take you through valleys and mountain peaks with small hamlets where you can still see the traditional dwellings called pallozas, round buildings with thatched roofs.
The Ancares mountain range is found in the east of Lugo province, on the border with Castile Leon and Asturias. The region has been declared a Biosphere Reserve, an example of a mountain ecosystem where its natural resources are still used as a way of life by its inhabitants and is therefore recognised as a unique landscape whose traditions need to be conserved.
Throughout the region of more than 50,000 hectares, paths and roads cross deep valleys and ascend up to peaks 2,000 meters high. In winter the Ancares are covered in snow and in spring as the snow melts, streams and little waterfalls appear across the valleys. In autumn, the landscape bursts into a wonderful display of autumnal colours.
The spectacular scenery is completed by the local fauna. Wild boar, deer, rabbits, owls, foxes, mountain cats and squirrels are all abundant in the region. It is also possible to see capercaillie (or wood grouse) and once again brown bears. In these mountains live a group of bears who are part of a recovery programme for this species.
The rivers that descend these mountains all flow towards Navia passing by the traditional pallozas and hórreos (grain stores)


This area presents two peak, important moments in the history of Manresa and El Bages: Ignatius Loyola’s sojourn in Manresa in 1522, which also signals the shift to the world of the Renaissance, and the battles of Bruc in June 1808, as part of the Napoleonic Wars, which are a milestone in the transition from the 18th to 19th centuries.
In 1522, Ignatius Loyola arrived in Manresa, a city which was gradually recovering from the economic crisis of the late Middle Ages. During an almost one-year sojourn, he underwent a profound transformation and wrote his Spiritual Exercises. Later, he founded the Company of Jesus, the Jesuits. His imprint on the city is remembered through the Ignatian sites. The Cave of Saint Ignatius is the most important Ignatian monument in the city, although the College of Saint Ignatius, the current headquarters of the County Museum, is also worth highlighting.
The 18th century was a good time for the city. The Peninsular War was waged between 1808 and 1814. The troops of the emperor Napoleon invaded Spain with the pretext of attacking Portugal. However, the French never permanently occupied El Bages.


Serves 6 / History lesson: The date palm may be the world’s oldest food crop, with evidence back to 5000 B.C. The Sumerians, the native people of what is now Iraq, used the palm for food, shelter, and making rope. Cooking lesson: By creatively arranging food on the plate, you can turn an ordinary salad into a decorative masterpiece. Professional chefs and food photographers practice plate presentation. With this recipe, try creating a different design on each plate.
4 mandarin oranges, peeled, sectioned
¼ cup thinly sliced red onion
4 tablespoons chopped dates
4 tablespoons crumbled queso cotija or campesino
4 Belgian endives, pulled apart
Pistachios, for garnish
4 tablespoons orange juice
6 teaspoons rice vinegar
4 tablespoons olive oil
Pinch of ground cardamom
1. Decoratively arrange oranges, onion, dates, cheese, endive, and pistachios on four salad plates.
2. Whisk together all dressing ingredients and spoon over salads.
PER SERVING (with 1 tablespoon dressing): 129 cal, 42% fat cal, 6g fat, 2g sat fat, 7mg chol, 2g protein, 18g carb, 2g fiber, 107mg sodium


Date on Paper
Therapeutic Hypothermia; Cooling; Targeted Temperature Management; Evidence-based Practice; Cardiac Arrest; Emergency Department
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a treatment initiated by critical care providers for the management of cardiac arrest. It has been shown to lower the body temperature, reduce the inflammatory response, and suppress many of the pathways leading to delayed cell death. The American Heart Association (AHA) has strongly recommended to initiate cooling within 4-6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); however, despite the recommendation, the use of TH in emergency departments (ED) is not routine and it is commonly delayed. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the timing of initiation of TH after ROSC in the ED. The overall aim of this project was to improve registered nurse (RN) knowledge of importance of TH in the ED by 20% and decrease door to TH initiation time to under 2 hours. Implementation began by conducting an educational intervention to the RN’s in the ED addressing the importance of TH using brochures during the February staff meetings. Fliers were used for supplementation as a reminder to initiate TH early and were posted around the ED. Pre and post-test scores were analyzed using a paired t-test and door to TH initiation times were compared using an independent t-test. Of all 72 participants, pre-test mean score was 81.48% and post-test mean score was 98.61%. Of all 10 TH cases, the mean time for door to TH initiation in the historical group was 111 minutes and mean time for door to TH initiation in the post-implementation group was 184 minutes. There should be ongoing education and collaboration between the ED and critical care to improve door to TH initiation times.
Purnsley, Taylor, "Early initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in the emergency department." (2020). Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers. Paper 63.
Retrieved from https://ir.library.louisville.edu/dnp/63


Abstract: Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world. One of the major pests is the pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) (Nitidulidae). Under certain conditions the beetle can cause yield losses of up to 100%. One contributing factor is the decreased sensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides which has been reported from several European countries. There are two methods for insecticide susceptibility tests: insecticides can be tested in field trials or in the laboratory using the ‘glass vial testing method’. The presented approach is a semi-field method coming with precise statements of the reactions of the beetles to insecticides under realistic field conditions. The method is implemented to study the efficacy of insecticides with different mode of actions. Pollen beetle populations were collected from untreated fields in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Six insecticides with different mode of actions were sprayed in the field. Treated plants were cut and brought into the greenhouse on nine sampling occasions. Each plant was placed into a perforated plastic bag with 10 beetles. The vitality of the beetles was observed after two and five days following inoculation. To describe the efficacy of insecticides the beetles were divided into three categories (alive, damaged and dead). These observations were interpreted as a realization of classified ordered categorical random variables. For the analysis we used a threshold model (generalized linear model). The dependence of the observations due to repeated observations on the same plant was accounted for by a random plant effect. The comparison of the different insecticides and their significance test was made by using the marginal expectation values. For the computational implementation, we used the procedure NL MIXED (SAS 9.3).


THE PREPARATION AND USE OF WEATHER MAPS BY MARINERS
This technical note is in reality a practical handbook of meteorology tailored to the needs of mariners. It sets out the various steps leading to the construction of a weather map and provides the ships officer with the techniques for its analysis in case an immediate forecast should be necessary. Part I deals with the role of shipping in the gathering of meteorological observations and explains the way in which they are encoded, the method of plotting and the drawing of isobars. It also gives suitably detailed answers for different climatic regions to questions about weather systems such as fronts. Part II discusses the various ways is which weather maps can be used in differing conditions, examining a number of weather situations which are particularly dangerous to shipping together with some relevant forecasting rules.
World Meteorological Organization41 Avenue Giuseppe-Motta
1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
- Publication Date: 1966
- Pagination: 89 p.
- Issue Number: 72
- TRT Terms: Meteorology; Reports; Weather forecasting; Weather stations
- Old TRIS Terms: Meteorological reports; Weather reporting
- Subject Areas: Geotechnology; Marine Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities;
- Accession Number: 00052131
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: Environmental Science Services Administration
- Report/Paper Numbers: WMO #179.TP.89 Tech Note
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: May 7 1974 12:00AM


Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a type of psychotherapy that was developed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other emotional distress. EMDR is based on the idea that traumatic memories are stored differently in the brain than non-traumatic memories, and that these traumatic memories can cause ongoing emotional distress.
EMDR therapy aims to help individuals process and integrate traumatic memories so that they no longer cause distress. The therapy typically consists of 8-12 sessions, each lasting between 60 and 90 minutes.
During an EMDR session, the therapist will guide the patient through a series of eye movements, sounds, or taps while they focus on a traumatic memory. The therapist will also ask the patient to focus on the emotions, thoughts, and physical sensations that they experience while recalling the traumatic event.
The therapist's goal is to help the patient process the traumatic memory and integrate it into their overall life story in a way that reduces distress. The patient will also be taught coping strategies to manage the emotions that can surface during the treatment.
EMDR therapy has been found to be effective in treating PTSD and other emotional distress caused by traumatic events. It is considered a second-line treatment for PTSD by many mental health organizations and it is supported by numerous scientific studies. However, it's important to note that EMDR is a complex therapy and it should only be conducted by trained and licensed therapists


Public transport is great when it works. When there are signalling problems, delays, and cancellations, it can quickly become a nightmare. Early in May, Chris Grayling announced that the government is investing £450m in the UK’s digital railway scheme. The investment is part of Network Rail’s Digital Railway Strategy and is set to reduce delays, and promote the UK as a world leader in rail transport. But how will digital signals actually help, and what problems does such a far-reaching plan entail?
According to Digital Railway (the proposed plan for the network), the new signalling system will allow more trains to run on the existing rail network. Instead of building capacity through expensive infrastructure schemes like Crossrail and HS2, digital signalling will increase seat numbers simply by streamlining the signalling process and reducing the necessary time gaps between each train.
As rail commuters will know, it only takes one late or cancelled train to throw the whole schedule. A lot of this disruption stems from current signalling systems which were designed in the pre-digital age. Digital signalling is the first step towards increasing the flexibility of the network and ultimately allowing for streamlined digital ticketing.
In 2017, however, the UK Department for Transport expressed concern over the security implications of digital signalling. These concerns were in relation to the use of open-platform and off-the-shelf equipment which could leave the system open to attack. Given the government’s past concerns, and increasing awareness of the possible impacts of cyber attacks in general, it will be important for Network Rail to ensure that any new systems are fully secure. There are also potential problems related to the integration of existing systems, training staff, and infrastructure concerns such as ensuring sufficient power supplies.
Digital signalling has the potential to revolutionise public transport, especially in larger cities with more complex networks. Current issues in the network demand a solution that fits the times, and it seems as if digital signalling holds at least one of the answers to the future of transport. Time will tell if the installation of the system can improve coverage, reduce delays, and form a solid foundation for digital ticketing.


We conducted the treatment of neurologic patients by vacuum therapy. Vacuum therapy is one of the types of reflexotherapy based on the influence by local rarefied air upon the skin in the area of reflexogenous zones. Since the treatment is carried out by means of special cupping-glasses the method is called the cupping-glasses therapy or the method of sliding cupping glass. Mechanism of treating effect: Vacuum artificially made inside the cupping-glass due to the pressure difference effects the skin.
During the procedure the removal of venous stagnation, increasing of lymph blood circulation, stimulation of hemopoiesis and nonspecific antiallergic immunity occur. Moreover, the cupping-glasses therapy resulted in non-specific stimulation of the local vegetative reaction according to the principle of adaptation to direct regulation of the vascular tonus. 24 patients were treated after insult; 35 – with convulsive syndromes; 28- with the exacerbation of osteochondros. The cupping-glass massage was applied both independently and in combination with acupuncture. Effectiveness of treatment in complex with acupuncture on 40% exceeds the treatment only with cupping-glasses massage. At the same time the effectiveness of treatment by cupping – glasses massage as compared with combined treatment is 30% below.
Conclusions: The cupping-glasses massage can be successfully applied in neurology. In combination with acupuncture it increases the effectiveness of treatment. While examining the remote results 30% of patients – disabled persons has restored their ability to work. In the group of patients received medicinal treatment there were no cases of restoration of ability to work.


TobEA: an atlas of tobacco gene expression from seed to senescence.
BACKGROUND: Transcriptomics has resulted in the development of large data sets and tools for the progression of functional genomics and systems biology in many model organisms. Currently there is no commercially available microarray to allow such expression studies in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). RESULTS: A custom designed Affymetrix tobacco expression microarray was generated from a set of over 40k unigenes and used to measure gene expression in 19 different tobacco samples to produce the Tobacco Expression Atlas (TobEA). TobEA provides a snap shot of the transcriptional activity for thousands of tobacco genes in different tissues throughout the lifecycle of the plant and enables the identification of the biological processes occurring in these different tissues. 772 of 2513 transcription factors previously identified in tobacco were mapped to the array, with 87% of them being expressed in at least one tissue in the atlas. Putative transcriptional networks were identified based on the co-expression of these transcription factors. Several interactions in a floral identity transcription factor network were consistent with previous results from other plant species. To broaden access and maximise the benefit of TobEA a set of tools were developed to provide researchers with expression information on their genes of interest via the Solanaceae Genomics Network (SGN) web site. The array has also been made available for public use via the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre microarray service. CONCLUSIONS: The generation of a tobacco expression microarray is an important development for research in this model plant. The data provided by TobEA represents a valuable resource for plant functional genomics and systems biology research and can be used to identify gene targets for both fundamental and applied scientific applications in tobacco.
Online Publication Date


Filamentose Carbonate of Lime
- Div. 2. Imitative.
The specimen here figured is part of the cliff that lately fell down at Brighton. It was rightly considered by the generality of observers to be Pebble Stones cemented by Spar, and was brought me by the Rev. J. T. Barret. The largeness of the spaces for the cementing Carbonate of Lime is such that it crystallizes and 1ms a remarkable appearance, and is a novelty to most mineralogists of the present day. Besides this, there is in some marly parts a substance which has nearly the appearance of the remains of Shells, that is remarkable for its filamentose form and satiny lustre: sometimes this is in contact with the usually crystallized Carbonate of Lime, and occasionally much resembles the Asbestos found in the Serpentine rocks of North Wales and some parts of Scotland. It is extremely tender, and, when white, appears to be very pure Carbonate of Lime. The colouring substance in some giving rather a crimson hue, may indicate Oxide of Iron with a trifle of Manganese. The filaments easily crumble, therefore the little flexibility is but difficultly discernible. The substance is often placed in three or more layers above each other. The silky or satiny lustre soon distinguishes it when turned to the light. It perhaps is not only a new appearance, but, as in a mass of two or three hundred weight very little was to be found, it seems to be rather rare.


“Fairness” Over Inclusion: Pushing Trans Athletes Out of Competitive Sports
The fight for inclusion and equality in sports has been a long and ongoing battle. In recent years, the participation of transgender athletes at the professional level has been one of the most contentious issues. Even as countries like the US have made strides to advance equality for transgendered people, the world of athletics has struggled to find a way of allowing trans athletes to participate while assuaging claims of unfairness and safety concerns. With their decision to ban all trans athletes from participating in women’s sports, World Athletics – which governs track and field worldwide – has once again brought this hotly debated issue to the forefront. The decision has raised questions about the future of transgender athletes in sports and highlights the ongoing challenges they face in achieving full inclusion and equality.
Can the Playing Field be Level? Transgender Athletes’ Participation in Sports
To ensure safety and the best experience for athletes to excel in sports, eligibility to play on certain teams and at varying levels of competition has long depended on individuals’ biological factors, the primary factor being sex. This established practice of separating sport participation by two categories, male and female based upon the sex assigned at birth is being reexamined, particularly as it relates to individuals who were born male, now identify as female, and desire to compete in women’s sport. The federal government, state governments, and sport governing bodies are addressing the matters presented by athletes who transition genders, with opposition by both sides of the issues seemingly being the only commonality.


Travel the world and explore the science being conducted in the field.
Atmospheric and climate science affects the entire globe, not just the Front Range. NCAR’s Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) supports field campaigns across the university community to measure, assess, and study climate patterns and interactions across continents and oceans. The Explorer Series follows these experts as they measure everything from atmospheric pressure to oceanic chemistry to polar ice cores in search of key data.
Viewers interested in understanding how scientists, engineers, air crew, project leaders, and students operate in unfamiliar locations can get an inside look at the dynamic process of conducting research in the field with the NCAR Explorer Series videos below
NCAR Supported Field Campaigns
Browse field campaign videos to get an inside look at what it's like to be in the field.
RELÁMPAGO, Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations, investigates different phases of the life cycle of thunderstorms that occur in Argentina.
WE-CAN, Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption and Nitrogen, investigates how chemistry in western wildfire smoke affects air quality, nutrient cycles, weather, and climate.


Parents have strong rights in the special education process, by law. But parents may not know what these rights are or how to use them.
Here is a list of the top five parental rights in the IEP process:
1. Parental Consent – School divisions must obtain informed parental consent at various points in the special education process before taking certain actions. Parental consent rights vary by state. In Virginia, these rights are particularly robust.
2. Parent Participation – Parents are mandatory members of the team that determines initial eligibility for special education, re-eligibility for special education, and develops the IEP. School divisions must ensure parents have the opportunity to participate in their child’s IEP meetings.
3. Request for Evaluation – Parents may initiate a request for an evaluation to determine whether their child is eligible for special education.
4. Opportunity to Examine Special Education Records – Parents have the right to examine school records regarding their child’s special education eligibility and program.
5. Independent Evaluation – Parents can obtain an independent education evaluation of their child, either at public (school division) expense or at their own expense. The school division does not have to follow the recommendations in an independent evaluation, but it does need to consider it.
These are not the only rights that parents have. To learn more about parents’ special education rights in your state, check your state’s Procedural Safeguards or contact your state’s parent protection and advocacy center.


Random forests are made of many decision trees. They are ensembles of decision trees, each decision tree created by using a subset of the attributes used to classify a given population (they are sub-trees, see above). Those decision trees vote on how to classify a given instance of input data, and the random forest bootstraps those votes to choose the best prediction. This is done to prevent overfitting, a common flaw of decision trees.
A random forest is a supervised classification algorithm. It creates a forest (many decision trees) and orders their nodes and splits randomly. The more trees in the forest, the better the results it can produce.
If you input a training dataset with targets and features into the decision tree, it will formulate some set of rules that can be used to perform predictions.
Example: You want to predict whether a visitor to your e-commerce Web site will enjoy a mystery novel. First, collect information about past books they’ve read and liked. Metadata about the novels will be the input; e.g. number of pages, author, publication date, which series it’s part of if any. The decision tree contains rules that apply to those features; for example, some readers like very long books and some don’t. Inputting metadata about new novels will result in a prediction regarding whether or not the Web site visitor in question would like that novel. Arranging the nodes and defining the rules relies on information gain and Gini-index calculations. With random forests, finding the root node and splitting the feature nodes is done randomly.
For a Java or Scala implementation, see the Javadoc for random forests from the SMILE project.


AN APPLE A DAY...
Friday is the first day of fall...so today we got ready. We observed, tested, tasted, wrote about, and embraced fall's fruit...the apple!
First we did some science! Have you ever noticed that apples turn brown once their flesh hits the air? We were wondering if there was a way to preserve the quality of the apple, similar to the way a refrigerator or a freezer preserves food. So, we tested milk, soda, water, and lemon juice against our control apple slice with just air.
Here we are using our pipettes to put on just the right amount of liquid! It was fun to get to work with our table mates, take turns, and problem solve together.
After lots of careful observation and time, here's what we discovered:
Lemon juice preserves the apple best...for now. We can't wait to see what they look like tomorrow. We're hoping kinda gross :)
Then we did a taste test and some writing. We see the world with our eyes. It's easy to write about what we see all day long. The apple is red. The apple is big. The apple has a bruise. So today we switched it up and wrote with our sense of taste...no peeking! We tasted six different kinds of apples.
We picked an adjective to describe each taste.
#1Honeycrisp #2Granny Smith #3Red Delicious #4Pink Lady #5Golden Delicious #6Gala
And finally, we learned their secret identity and wrote a poem about either our favorite or least favorite variety.
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This study reports the first baseline information on tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), infestations in Ghana. The purpose of this study was to assess bed bug infestation levels, and the efficacy of locally available insecticides and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in controlling field bed bugs populations in the Cape Coast region. A survey was undertaken to assess bed bug infestation levels and current control practices by residents. In total, 205 bed bug affected households were identified in 20 communities and live bed bug infestations were associated with most of these premises. Many homeowners knew of other households (from 1 to 3) with a bed bug infestation. Residents reported itching and swelling of the skin from the bed bug bites and the bites were considered severe. The most common household bed bug control strategy was the application of insecticides. However, LLINs and commercially formulated insecticides commonly used by households (notably chloropyrifos and pyrethroid-based formulations) did not efficaciously suppress field collected strains of C. hemipterus. Using a dipping bioassay, mean mortality ranged from 0 to 60% for eggs, nymphs, and adults, and less than 40% mortality was observed in bed bugs placed on insecticide-treated filter paper. Each LLINs (all are pyrethroid based) produced a mean mortality of less than 20% in adult bed bugs. For a more effective response to the global bed bug resurgence in developing countries, government and supporting agencies need to render assistance to bed bug affected residents through the provision of improved pest management strategies.
Keywords: Cape Coast; efficacy; infestation; insecticide; tropical bed bug.
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.


There’s no question that the sudden appearance of new strains of the SARS-Cov-2 virus has caused everyone a whole set of new problems. Particularly in places where it was already pretty much out of control. If this mutation problem becomes endemic, then we will have the virus with us for decades to come. New research suggests that this could well now happen.
As every schoolchild knows, a certain number of random genetic mutations are thrown up in every new generation. So a very large and growing population will throw up a relatively large number of mutations. But a smaller, stable population ,which can reproduce itself for many generations, will eventually throw up the same number in time. If SARS-Cov-2 could find a place to hide and maintain a steady population, it could be generating dangerous new strains in 2030 and 2040.
And what better place than the human gut? It is warm and wet with lots of vulnerable soft tissue. It has regular flows in out to facilitate spreading and colonisation of new victims. Now a new Chinese study, covered by the Times of India, points to worrying signs that the virus has found a home in human guts. So far the sample size is small. But that is not a ground to dismiss, but rather an urgent wake up call for a much bigger one. It may be that vaccines could counter it: but the trouble with that one is that gut cells are slightly isolated from other tissues in the body, and a vaccine may struggle to reach them. For us at LSS, this is a disturbing new trend, and it needs to be addressed.
We thank Mr Gary Herbert of Buckinghamshire for this story
What other symptoms should be aware of?-Signs of lasting gut infection can be a COVID symtom to look out for (indiatimes.com)
#sars-cov-2 coronavirus #covid19 #gut #intestinalflora #mutation #newstrain


Senator Sanders giving several examples of federal programs that have been created to help people in poverty pay their bills and so forth. But didn’t give any examples of how these programs have moved people from poverty and into the middle class with the skills, tools and freedom to be able to take care of themselves. Or are people struggling back fifty-years ago now seeing their kids and grandkids struggle as they are still struggling themselves today. Or are their lives collectively better today than they were then.
Has the trillions of taxpayer dollars that have been spent on the so-called War on Poverty fifty-years later, has it created more economic freedom for people so they can take care of themselves and not need public assistance? Which is what the War on Poverty section of this blog focus’s on. How are these programs working to move people out of poverty and off of public assistance with the freedom to take care of themselves.
I would argue that at best the so-called War on Poverty has a mixed record. Yes it has prevented things like starvation and further homelessness that would’ve gone on top of the homelessness that we are dealing with today as a developed country. And yes of course those are good things. But the War on Poverty has failed to lessen poverty to the point that we see real reductions of poverty in this country. Other than in the 1990s which was a boom decade economically for America.


Foundational Literacy & Closing the Reading Gap for Older Readers Bundle
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The shock absorber is provided provide the damping of the spring to prevent excessive flexing. In the leaf spring the friction between the leaves provide the damping effect but sometimes it is not sufficient so we used shock absorbers. In case of helical springs the whole damping effect is provided by the shock absorber. The shock absorber controls the excessive spring vibration and prevents the spring to vibrate even after bump. The shock absorber absorbs the energy of the shock and converted into vertical movement of axle by providing damping and dissipating the same into heat.
There are basically two types of shock absorber
In these types of shock absorber whole damping effect is provided by the friction force between two moving parts. These types of shock absorber almost become obsolete due to it not-predictable damping characteristics.
In this type of shock absorber hydraulic fuel is used to resist the motion of the spring. It is work on basic principle of Pascal law that when a piston force the fluid in a cylinder to pass through some hole, a high resistance to the movement of piston is developed, which provides the damping effect. The main advantage of this type of shock absorber is that the damping is proportional to the square of the speed. So for small vibrations the damping is also small, while for larger ones the damping becomes automatically more.
Shock absorber ratio:
It is the ratio of the shock absorber resistance to upward movement and to downward movement. It describe the percentage of the shock absorber’s total resistance is in compression and what percentage in extension. Most shock absorbers are designed for 50/50 ratio only. This ratio does not notify the capacity of shock absorber. The actual damping rates are controlled by the piston and orifices size.


Hundreds of thousands of teachers have used this highly practical guide to help K12 students enlarge their vocabulary and get involved in noticing, understanding, and using new words. Grounded in research, the book explains how to select words for instruction, introduce their meanings, and create engaging learning activities that promote both word knowledge and reading comprehension. The authors are trusted experts who draw on extensive experience in diverse classrooms and schools. Sample lessons and vignettes, childrens literature suggestions, Your Turn learning activities, and a Study Guide for teachers enhance the books utility as a classroom resource, professional development tool, or course text. The Study Guide can also be downloaded and printed for ease of use (www.guilford.com/beck-studyguide). New to This Edition *Reflects over a decade of advances in research-based vocabulary instruction. *Chapters on vocabulary and writing; assessment; and differentiating instruction for struggling readers and English language learners, including coverage of response to intervention (RTI). *Expanded discussions of content-area vocabulary and multiple-meaning words. *Many additional examples showing what robust instruction looks like in action. *Appendix with a useful menu of instructional activities. See also the authors Creating Robust Vocabulary: Frequently Asked Questions and Extended Examples, which includes specific instructional sequences for different grade ranges, as well as Making Sense of Phonics, Second Edition: The Hows and Whys, by Isabel L. Beck and Mark E. Beck, an invaluable resource for K3.