Acupuncture is one of the oldest, most commonly used medical procedures in the world. Acupuncture is a system of healing that has developed over thousands of years as part of the traditional medicine of China, Japan, and other Eastern countries. The earliest records of acupuncture date back over 4,000 years. Today, there are over 3 million practitioners worldwide. Acupuncture is becoming increasingly more accepted and popular in Western medicine as well.
Traditional acupuncture is based on the principle that our health depends on the balanced functioning of the body’s energy, known as Qi (or ch’i). When we are in perfect health, all the energy runs harmoniously throughout our body. When an illness arises, the flow of energy becomes disturbed and this can manifest in a diverse array of symptoms. Using very fine needles, acupuncture aims to correct the flow of energy; and by doing so, symptoms are lessened or eliminated. Anyone who has enjoyed the benefits of exercises like tai chi or qi gong can appreciate the philosophy of energy healing.
Areas of the body that are tender to the touch or discolored may correspond to blocked Qi (energy). These clues help practitioners know which points need to be treated in order to bring the body back into balance.
The term itself (acupuncture) describes a family of procedures involving stimulation of anatomical points on the body by a variety of techniques. American practices of acupuncture incorporate medical traditions from many parts of the world including China, Japan, Korea, and other countries. The acupuncture technique that has been most scientifically studied involves penetrating the skin with thin, solid, metallic needles that are manipulated by the hands or by electrical stimulation.
Acupuncture can be used to treat any ailment in the body, but there are several that are most common. The majority of patients who seek out acupuncture have some kind of pain. Almost all pain can be helped by acupuncture, whether it be back or neck pain, fibromyalgia, headaches and migraines, other musculoskeletal pain, and others. It can also be used to treat conditions such as anxiety and depression, addiction, sleep disturbances, asthma, and allergies, to name a few. Contact me if you have any questions and I can let you know how acupuncture can help.


Welcome students, I look forward to working with you this semester, check this site frequently for updates and assignments.
~ JON ~
~ IST 331~
Introduction: This course will be a meshing of several different fields of study.
Basic Communication Power Point
Have you ever considered the importance of the design of an interface? The study and application of human computer interaction (HCI) and human factors is very important and can actually save lives. For example, interfaces that allow nurses to type in the digits of a drug dose are much more dangerous than the interfaces that force the nurse to dial the dose in using a wheel for each digit. When typing, a repeated digit can increase the dosage of medication by a factor of ten and can result in severe complications or even death to the patient. This mistake is not possible with the other dial-based interface.*
In 1989 in the Kegworth airplane disaster, forty-seven people lost their lives due to poor HCI and human factors work. This crash of a Boeing 737 was, in part, caused by poor cockpit and instrument design.*
The study and application of HCI and human factors can also save money. One example is the New York telephone company (Nynex) case. In the early 1990's Nynex considered upgrading their system. They believed that the new graphical user workstations could improve productivity. Just to be safe, they had an analysis done before implementing the system. The analysis found that the new system would in fact be four percent slower. That seems like a small amount, but the four percent loss in productivity was going to cost Nynex $2.4 million a year! Understanding the user is key to these issues.*
*Ritter, F. E., Churchhill, E., & Gilmore, D. (2003, Spring). Introduction to the user: the ABCs of user interface design. Unpublished manuscript.
After reading this topic, you should be able to:


Big Fluffy Cloud (Goddess Pose)
3rd Grade and Up • 49s
Practice Goddess Pose and explore high and low singing with our original Big Fluffy Cloud song. Goddess Pose encourages leg strengthening, deep breathing and body awareness! From the "Water Cycle Adventure"
Up Next in 3rd Grade and Up
Big Fluffy Cloud (Goddess Pose) Exten...
Practice Goddess Pose and explore high-note and low-note singing with our original Big Fluffy Cloud song. Perfect for STEM units about the water cycle. Goddess Pose encourages leg strengthening, deep breathing and body awareness!
The complete Water Cycle Adventure is available exclusively on the...
Beach Umbrella (Side Angle Pose)
This activity is featured in our Beach Adventure. Watch the entire Adventure here: https://app.yoremikids.com/animated-adventures/videos/beach-adventure
Birds Fly South (Warrior 3 Pose)
Practice balancing in Warrior 3 Pose while learning about what birds do once it gets cold up north! Warrior 3 is a challenging pose that strengthens our balance and focus. Balancing on one foot is a developmental milestone in many classrooms so we practice to build confidence, strength and propri...


Performance appraisal is an evaluation done on an employee’s job performance over a specific period of time. It is the equivalent of a report card on employee and how their managers assess their performance over a period of years. Anyone who has worked in more than one department or in more than one company will attest to the fact that not all performance appraisal processes are the same. The varying systems and processes are applicable in many organizations.
In any evaluation of the condition necessary for the growth and survival of an organization, role of performance appraisal is a strategic factor. It is believing that both the individual and the organization need to know how well actual performance is contributing to the accomplishment of the job plans, the staffing plan, and ultimately the overall strategic plan of the organization. Performance appraisal is a formal and systematic assessment of an employee to determine the degree to which the employee is performing his or her job effectively.
It provides employees with constructive on how they are performing in their jobs as viewed by their managers, this leading to increase in productivity.
The research method that will be used for this study is descriptive survey. The comparative analysis will be achieved by means of utilizing t-test statistic for the comparison of mean scores at 0.05 level of significance while, the responses questions were analyzed using mean and standard deviation
- Objective of the study
The following objectives will be assessed;
- To find out the various performance appraisal techniques in an organization
- To identify some common appraisal problems of employees and how proper appraisal can enhance increase productivity
- To examine the implication of performance and productivity in an organization
The following research questions will be answered:
- What are the various performance appraisal techniques in an organization?
- Are there common appraisal problems of employees in an organization?
- What is the implication of performance and productivity in an organization?
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All About the Influences Italians Brought to Canada
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Italians in Canada
Over one and a half million citizens of Canada claim Italian origins. Many speak fluent Italian and Canadian English. They originally came to this country as immigrants looking for work. The highest number of Italian-Canadians reside in the Toronto area, where over 30% of all the Italians currently live.
Why Did the Italians Come to Canada?
The first migrants began to arrive in 1861, and this continued throughout the 20th century. Although the early settlers were mainly craftsmen, artists, and musicians, it was the onset of mining, industrialization, and heavy industry that saw a massive influx of Italians. Most Europeans were actively recruited by labor agencies, and Italians were attracted by a wealth of work opportunities. Many Italian workers returned to Italy for holidays and further encouraged more and more of their people to emigrate to Canada. Furthermore, once settled there, they invited their friends and relatives to join them, therefore leading to an exponential rise in the population of Italian-Canadians.
The Effect of Italian Immigrants in Canada
Italian-Canadians developed various political, cultural, religious, and labor associations in addition to community media in the form of newspapers, television, and radio programs. The Italian-Canadian community significantly influenced the social, cultural, and economic fabric of Canada. Plus, they also introduced new types of food to the Canadian public. This included spaghetti, pasta, risotto, and pizza. Today the Italians in Canada have a legacy of providing some of the best and most popular Italian restaurants in the world.


Sardar Udham Singh
Udham Singh was a political activist who got associated with the Ghadar Party while in the US. In 1940, Singh shot and killed Michael O’Dwyer, the colonial official considered responsible for Jallianwala Bagh.
Udam Singh, born in Sunam in Punjab’s Sangrur district in 1899, was a political activist who got associated with the Ghadar Party while in the US. The multi-ethnic party was believed to have communist tendencies and was founded by Sohan Singh Bhakna in 1913. Headquartered in California, the party was committed to the ouster of the British from India. In 1934, Singh made his way to London with the purpose of assassinating O’Dwyer, who in 1919 had been the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab and, unsurprisingly, Singh considered O’Dwyer to be responsible for the massacre.
13 March 1940 :
Shaheed Udham Singh served justice to Jallianwala Bagh victims From his speech in court : "
"I say down with British Imperialism . You say India does not have peace . We have only slavery . Generations of so called civilisation has brought for us everything filthy and degrading known to the human race . All you have to do is read your own history . If you have any human decency about you , you should die with shame . The brutality and blood thirsty way in which the so called intellectuals , who call themselves the rulers of civilisation in the world are of bastard blood ... "


Better Farming Prairies: Our understanding of soys on the Prairies
An article by Kristen MacMillan in the November/December 2020 issue of the magazine Better Farming Prairies on soy agronomy research being conducted at the University of Manitoba. It reads:
In Western Canada, soybeans rose to fame over the past decade as a grain legume and oilseed crop.
Farmers were drawn to soybeans due to a cycle of wet conditions, the availability of early maturing genetics and attractive budgets. Soybeans have also contributed to increased crop diversity on the Manitoba landscape and a decreased rise in field crop greenhouse gas emissions.
Given interest in the new Prairie crop, the Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers partnered with the University of Manitoba to develop a new applied research position. I took on this role in late 2016 and have developed the soybean and pulse agronomy research program which focuses on applied soybean, dry bean and pea agronomy research.
More recently, however, drought conditions across the Prairies from 2017 to 2019 have contributed to fewer acres of soybeans being seeded. This marked change in soybean acres indicates the crop’s sensitivity to growing conditions and the need for research to continue into methods to optimize the cultivation of this crop in the Prairies.
Read the full story here.


Baby's Care After a Cesarean Delivery
If your baby is born by a cesarean delivery, chances are good that you can be awake for the surgery. Only in rare situations will a mother require general anesthesia for delivery, meaning she is not conscious for the birth. Most cesarean deliveries today are done with a regional anesthesia such as an epidural or spinal. With this type of anesthesia, only part of the body is numbed for surgery. The mother is awake and able to hear and see her baby as soon as he or she is born.
Babies born by cesarean are usually checked by a nursery nurse or pediatrician right after delivery. This is often done right near you in the operating room. Because babies born by cesarean may have difficulty clearing some of the lung fluid and mucus, extra suctioning of the nose, mouth, and throat are often needed. Occasionally, deeper suctioning in the windpipe is required.
Once the baby is checked over, a nurse will wrap the baby in blankets and bring the baby to you to see and touch. In some cases, babies born by cesarean will first need to be watched in the nursery for a short time. All of the usual procedures such as weighing and giving medications are performed there. Usually, your baby can be brought to you while you are in the recovery area after surgery.
Many mothers think that they will not be able to breastfeed after a cesarean delivery. This is not true. Breastfeeding can begin in the first hours right in the recovery room, just as with a vaginal delivery.
Plan to have someone stay with you during your hospital stay after a cesarean delivery. You will likely be in quite a bit of pain the first few days and will need help with the baby.


Isomers are compounds that have the same formula but different arrangement of their constituent atoms. They can be classified into two types. The first one is constitutional isomers. In this type of isomer, the connections between atoms differ. The second type is stereoisomers, and for this, the connections between atoms are the same but there is a different spatial arrangement of the constituent atoms.
There are two kinds of constitutional isomers. One is coordination isomers, which is also called ionization isomers, and it can produce different complex ions in solution. The other one is called linkage isomers, they differ in the metal-to-ligand linkage.
By coincidence, there are also two types of stereoisomers: The first type is diastereomers (or geometric isomers), which are non-mirror-image isomers, and enantiomers, which are mirror-image isomers. Diastereomers have the same connections between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement of the atoms. They include cis and trans. Cis isomers have both substituents on the same side, while trans isomers have subsituents on opposite sides. The second type is enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed even if rotated in space.


Chinese New Year
This week we have been celebrating Chinese New Year - Kung Hei Fat Choi!
This week we have enjoyed learning all about Chinese New Year and how it is celebrated.
The children have been watching videos of children explaining how their families prepare for Chinese New Year. We have compared this to Christian and Muslim festivals that we celebrate with our families such as Christmas and Eid. One of the things that we have discovered is the same for all of the festivals is that houses are cleaned and then decorated as a way of preparing for the upcoming festival.
Our role play area has had a Chinese makeover with children having the opportunity to learn how to use chopsticks! Despite many children finding using chopsticks tricky, they have all had a go! There is also authentic Chinese crockery to use for the many tasty creations that have been made this week.
The children have heard the story about the twelve animals and how they had a race to determine the order of the years. We have also used this as an opportunity to learn ordinal numbers. We have had lots of races to help us understand the new vocabulary. This year we celebrate the year of the dog. All of the children were very excited to discover whether they were born in the year of the dragon or the snake.
Towards the end of the week the children turned their attention to the traditional Chinese dragon dance. After watching a video they set to work decorating their own dragon heads. Once finished, the children did their own dragon dance in the outdoor classroom.
Click here to see some more photos.


Cardiac computed tomography (cardiac CT) allows doctors to get a closer view of your heart and blood vessels. Our cardiologists work with you to ensure that a cardiac CT, as well as any other diagnostic process, is put to best use to discover any potential conditions or disorders.
Our experts always use the latest cardiac CT technology. Among the newest advances is the 64-slice cardiac CT, a revolutionary heart scan for diagnosing conditions of the heart and vascular system. This method is an innovative alternative to invasive tests such as cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. A cardiac CT is less invasive and more comfortable for you, and is faster than traditional cardiac CT scans — helping reduce X-ray exposure.
We use CT scans to diagnose a number of heart conditions, including:
- Aortic dissection (a tear in the wall of the aorta) and blood clots in the lungs
- Artery blockage or patency (openings that interfere with proper blood flow)
- Adult congenital heart disease
- Coronary artery disease that is significant enough to affect circulation
- Physical defects of the heart, including masses
- Presence and levels of calcium in coronary arteries
How a Cardiac CT Is Performed
The advanced cardiac CT scanner rotates around your body and quickly takes cross-section images (slices) of your heart, each covering slightly more than a half-millimeter in width. These digital images are then compiled to form a detailed 3D picture of your heart, arteries, veins and aorta. Our cardiologists use the detailed results of a multislice cardiac CT scan to detect and diagnose many different conditions, particularly in patients who have had other tests with inconclusive results.


Acueducto de Tembleque
2010 World Monuments Watch
From the rocky, desolate terrain of the central Mexican state of Hidalgo, the Acueducto de Tembleque reaches toward the sky and rises up to 125 feet (39 meters) in height. The aqueduct, built between 1543 and 1560, was designed by Brother Francisco de Tembleque with the assistance of the master stonecutter Juan Correa de Agüero and hundreds of indigenous workers. The structure towers over the surrounding landscape and spans farmland, ravines, towns, cities, and an archaeological site, connecting Tecajete Hill in Zempoala to Otumba using a complex system of tanks, water coffers, and water troughs. Tembleque is built of both local and volcanic stone, upon which a 1-foot-wide (30 centimeters) channel of smooth, polished stone transports the water. Acueducto de Tembleque is widely considered the most significant work of hydraulic engineering built in Mexico during the 16th century. Further, it remains an important symbol to the communities of the region whose ancestors depended on the aqueduct’s water. Even today, conservation efforts to repair the aqueduct are focused not only on addressing deterioration caused by natural exposure and vandalism, but on restoring the hydraulic complex so that water can once again run and serve the local communities.
Since the Watch
Since Watch Listing, the Ministry of Culture of Mexico (CONACULTA) and the FOREMOBA government program have committed $290,000 for the development of a conservation master plan for the entire aqueduct and restoration of 1,000 meter portion at Barranca de Tepeyahualco. July 2010


Robert Goddard, in full Robert Hutchings Goddard, (born October 5, 1882, Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.—died August 10, 1945, Baltimore, Maryland), American professor and inventor generally acknowledged to be the father of modern rocketry. He published his classic treatise, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, in 1919.
Dr. Robert Hutchings Goddard (1882-1945) is considered the father of modern rocket propulsion. A physicist of great insight, Goddard also had a unique genius for invention. It is in memory of this brilliant scientist that NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, was established on May 1, 1959.
- Explored the practicality of using rocket propulsion to reach high altitudes, even the moon (1912)
- Proved that a rocket will work in a vacuum, that it needs no air to push against
- Developed and fired a liquid fuel rocket (March 16, 1926, Auburn, Mass.)
- Shot a scientific payload in a rocket flight (1929, Auburn, Mass.)
- Used vanes in the rocket motor blast for guidance (1932, New Mexico)
- Developed gyro control apparatus for rocket flight (1932, New Mexico)
- Received U.S. patent for of multi-stage rocket (1914)
- Developed pumps suitable for rocket fuels
- Launched a rocket with a motor pivoted on gimbals under the influence of a gyro mechanism (1937)


March 28, 2006
Only one member of the endangered possum species that is Victoria's state faunal emblem remains in captivity after its mate died in a Melbourne sanctuary.
Leadbeater's possum, which lives in the mountain ash forests of the state's central highlands, was considered extinct until it was rediscovered in 1961 and a successful captive breeding program started.
But the death of the second-last Leadbeater's possum at the Healesville Sanctuary has ended that program, author Peter Preuss said yesterday.
Mr Preuss, the biographer of the late amateur naturalist Des Hackett, said Mr Hackett had remarkable results breeding the possums in captivity. By the 1980s he was able to hand over breeding colonies to zoos throughout Australia, with the hope the offspring could one day be released in the wild.
"Unfortunately, the Leadbeater's possum is a very politically sensitive animal," he said. "Because their natural range is almost exclusively within Victoria's timber harvesting areas, Leadbeater's possums were never released. Instead, colonies were exported to zoos throughout the world."
"Today, there are just 1000 left in the wild and only one lonely individual remains in captivity (in Victoria)," he said.
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No matter what motor vehicle you drive, you will always encounter visibility issues. In small vehicles, it may be difficult to see around larger vehicles that could be hiding danger just up ahead. With large vehicles, it may be difficult to see smaller vehicles, leading to serious or even fatal crashes.
With blind spots a plenty, it’s not difficult to see why so many motor vehicle accidents happen every year on roadways across the nation. But this problem with visibility is not just limited to cars, trucks and semis. Even motorcyclists have difficulty spotting and avoiding danger from time to time.
When changing lanes or passing another vehicle, most motorcyclists know to turn their head to make sure that there is not a vehicle in their blind spot with which they could collide. Unfortunately, not all motorists extend the same courtesy to motorcycles, which is what leads to a number of motorcycle accidents across the state.
With larger vehicles such as buses, commercial vehicles and semi trucks, blind spots are even more of a problem because these zones are much larger. Accidents with large, heavy vehicles such as semis are incredibly dangerous because of the force they can exert of a relatively unprotected motorcyclist. Collisions with these large vehicles are almost always severe if not fatal.
But it’s important to point out that it’s not just drivers of other vehicles that should be aware of their own blind spots and actively checking these zones before changing lanes. Motorcyclists should also know the size of these zones so as not to inadvertently cross into one of these zones and put their own lives in danger.
If both motorcyclists and drivers actively check their blind spots, they can help reduce the chances of a serious or even fatal accident later on, perhaps even protecting a life in the process.
Source: motorcyclbasics.com, “Motorcycle blind spot,” Accessed Sept. 29, 2014


Matera, in Italy, is one of the longest inhabited medieval cities around the World — people have been living there since the Neolithic period.
It’s a Unesco World Heritage site that has inspired writers and movie makers and it will also officially become the new European Capital of Culture in 2019..
Matera is the 2nd biggest city in the region of Basilicata, in Italy. It was the first southern Italian city to be added to the list of Unesco Heritage sites, thanks to its Sassi
, which still remain the city’s most unique feature.
(literally translating to “rocks” in English) are cave dwellings dug into the gorge known as the Gravina di Matera. They form the old town of Matera and have been inhabited since the 8th millennium before the Common Era.
Matera has a long history and an equally long list of places to see, from museums to churches to the old water cisterns, built in the rock like the Sassi
Visitors who plan to really explore the Capital of Culture can buy the Matera Passport for €19, which will allow them to participate in all events held throughout the year.


How Remdesivir might inhibit the virus’s replication process?
Remdesivir is an antiviral drug that is used to treat severe cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The drug works by inhibiting the virus’s replication process, which is essential for the virus to reproduce and spread.
SARS-CoV-2, like all viruses, relies on the host cell’s machinery to replicate its genome and produce new virus particles. The virus uses an enzyme called RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to replicate its RNA genome and synthesize new viral RNA molecules. Remdesivir targets the viral RdRp enzyme and prevents it from replicating the viral genome.
By inhibiting the replication of the viral genome, Remdesivir can reduce the amount of virus present in the body and potentially decrease the severity of the disease. However, it is important to note that Remdesivir is not a cure for COVID-19 and should be used in combination with other therapies to provide the best chance of a positive outcome.
What are the monomers of carbohydrates? – Carbohydrates monomer
What does a animal cell look like?
All episomes are plasmids but all plasmids are not episomes. Justify.
Differentiate between Hfr and F–
What is a suicide enzyme?
Draw the base pair structure of A : T and G : C.
What is the function of telomere?
Distinguish between LINE and SINE
Where does glycolysis take place?
Where does glycolysis occur?


First comes math. Then comes the aftermath. What happens to students after they take high school or college math? The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics say math class should help students expand professional opportunity, understand and critique the world, and experience wonder, joy, and beauty. But too many students receive little or none of those benefits. In fact, math anxiety is prevalent. All of this calls for a re-thinking of the purpose of learning mathematics to re-ground our assumptions about what math students should learn, how they can learn it, and who can learn math. Just Equations founder Pamela Burdman’s piece in the Hechinger Report speaks to this challenge and what can be done to ensure more students cultivate mathematical literacy and have the positive “aftermath” they deserve.
HECHINGER REPORT—What happens to students after they take math in high school or college? Does their math experience lead to expanded professional opportunities? Does it help them understand and critique the world? Do they experience beauty, joy and wonder? If math is achieving its purpose, as defined by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, students would answer “yes” to all three questions.
Too many students instead answer “no” to all three. Given all of the attention that our education system puts on math education, it’s time to focus on this “aftermath." Despite improvements in recent years, large numbers of students still score poorly on tests of mathematical skills and understanding. But more concerning — and perhaps even at the root of poor math performance — are the negative experiences that too many students have. Reasons given by teens to stop pursuing math include statements like “I despise the way it is taught” and “I have no confidence.” According to surveys, the majority of Americans dislike and fear math.
For more insights on the role of math in ensuring educational equity, subscribe to Just Equations’ newsletter.


Walking Away from Breast Cancer?
I heard that exercise and weight loss can protect against breast cancer. If this is true, how much exercise is necessary? What kind? What about weight loss?
Andrew Weil, M.D. | October 20, 2003
Updated on 6/28/2005
Exercise can protect against breast cancer, but until recently, we thought that it mostly helped lower the risk of the disease among women who did strenuous physical activities when they were young. In September of 2003 the Journal of the American Medical Association published results of a study involving more than 74,000 women followed for nearly five years showing that even those who don’t begin exercising until later in life can lower their risk by 20 percent, and that a brisk, half hour walk five days a week will do the trick. The exercise effect was seen among women at all levels of risk, even those with a strong family history of breast cancer, those who hadn’t had children (a long-recognized risk factor), and those who had taken hormone replacement therapy.
The same study found that the more you exercise and the slimmer you are, the greater the risk reduction. For example, the researchers found that women of low to normal weight and even those who were slightly overweight were able to cut their risk by more than 30 percent if they devoted 10 hours a week to exercise.
The researchers suggested that exercise influences breast cancer susceptibility by lowering body fat, which in turn reduces levels of circulating sex hormones. Another study, published in the August 20, 2003 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, found that obese, postmenopausal women were at higher-than-normal risk of breast cancer because their fat cells release too much estrogen. The more the women in the study weighed, the higher their risk of breast cancer and the higher their levels of the hormone estradiol, a potent form of estrogen.
Some breast cancer risks can’t be controlled: about 10 percent of all cases are hereditary, and getting older also increases the risk. But these studies show women what they can do to improve the odds.
Andrew Weil, M.D.


On the web just about everything we do is recorded or tracked in some way. The digital footprints of our online lives are collected for all sorts of reasons, advertising primary among them, and while some companies collect data on individuals, others collect data and then combine information to identify trends. Either way, personal online privacy is eroded. Guiding children toward an understanding that nothing they do on the web is private is one of the greatest responsibilities of digital era parenting
The Wall Street Journal is publishing a series on privacy, describing how the digital documentation of our online lives is affecting our private lives and explaining the steps individuals and families can take to protect their privacy. A graphic in the series provides readers with step-by-step instructions to make Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer protect privacy.
Another part of the Journal series, a July 30, 2010 article, Sites Feed Personal Details to New Tracking Industry, provides additional information about tracking, detailing the steps that occur when a group collects a user’s information and then sells that information to companies and advertisers.
The article features a graphic on the upper left that walks readers through the steps that trackers use to install cookies –information gathering mini-programs. Just below that, still on the left, is a recording of reporter Christina Tsuei explaining how cookies work.
According to the article, written by reporters Julia Angwin and Tom McGinty:
The tracking files represent the leading edge of a lightly regulated, emerging industry of data-gatherers who are in effect establishing a new business model for the Internet: one based on intensive surveillance of people to sell data about, and predictions of, their interests and activities, in real-time.


This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:
Latino families in US without legal permission suffered more than most during pandemic, study finds
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a disproportionate amount of illness and death among Latino families lacking permanent legal status compared with the general U.S. population—and factors such as poverty, dangerous living conditions and lack of access to health care are to blame—according to a new study from Rice University.
"Implications of Undocumented Status for Latino Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action " was published recently in the Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. The study assessed the opinions of families residing in South Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. The researchers, who conducted a series of interviews with the participants, were specifically interested in what they believed impacted their health and well-being during the pandemic.
The participants shared that hardships such as poverty, social disadvantage, discrimination, dangerous living and working conditions and limited access to health care affected their ability to seek treatment when sick during the pandemic, which they believe resulted in more illness and death in their community.
These stressors also frequently come with trauma and fear of detention, deportation and/or family separation, said Luz Garcini, an assistant professor of psychological sciences at Rice and the study's lead author. She said health care providers must develop ways to address the physical and mental health needs of these individuals to help prevent further harm to this vulnerable population.
"It's essential that mental health, medical and other allied health professionals are aware of the hardships and oppression faced by these immigrant families," she said. "And it's vital to expand culturally sensitive services and policies that would increase equal access to health and other support services."
More information: Luz M. Garcini et al, Implications of Undocumented Status for Latinx Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action, Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (2023). DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2158837


Barhanacakra, Barhana-cakra, Barhaṇacakra: 3 definitions
Barhanacakra means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Barhanacakra has 1 English definitions available.
Alternative spellings of this word include Barhanachakra.
Languages of India and abroad
[Deutsch Wörterbuch]Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Böhtlingk and Roth Grosses Petersburger Wörterbuch
Barhaṇacakra (बर्हणचक्र):—Nomen proprium eines Gebirgsdorfes [Rājataraṅgiṇī 8, 253.]Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer Fassung
Barhaṇacakra (बर्हणचक्र):—Nomen proprium eines Gebirgsdorfes.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
No search results for Barhanacakra, Barhana-cakra, Barhaṇa-cakra, Barhaṇacakra; (plurals include: Barhanacakras, cakras, Barhaṇacakras) in any book or story.


Palliative care, often referred to as end-of-life care, is specialized medical care that focuses on reducing suffering and improving quality of life for individuals with life-threatening illnesses. Palliative care does not just treat the patient’s physical symptoms. Rather, it examines the emotional, psychological, and social distress that the patient experiences. Further, palliative care professionals support the patient’s family by ensuring that both the patient and family understand and are comfortable about treatment decisions.
Individuals facing life-threatening illnesses require special attention and often face severe and unusual complications. Symptoms including intense pain, fatigue, nausea, depression, and anxiety are also common in palliative care patients. Due to the complexity and severity of the patient’s circumstance, it is crucial to have experts that specialize in palliative care to assist and care for these patients. Nurse practitioners and physicians can become board certified in palliative care by completing advanced training and passing exams demonstrating specialized expertise.
According to data from the Texas State Data Center at the University of Texas at San Antonio, the population of Texans over 85 years of age will triple from 2010 to 2040. As this baby boomer population enters retirement, the needs of Texas’ elders will increase rapidly. It is imperative that Texas invest in the workforce that cares for this population, and this includes increasing the number of palliative care specialists. Palliative care experts are essential to care for Texas’ elders in a manner that promotes their quality of life and well-being and guides them and their families in making decisions regarding end-of-life care. Additionally, Texas must examine innovative models of long-term care to create an efficient system that offers quality care to aging Texans in the least restrictive and most comfortable environment.
by Keveny Avila


Vitamin D deficiency, from moderate to severe, is extremely common in elderly men
Many studies report severe Vitamin D deficiency in elderly women and its involvement in various health problems but not enough are known about levels in elderly men. In this study 291 men aged 65 or older living either at home or in institutions for the elderly had their blood levels of active Vitamin D compared with their health; these men were not taking Vitamin D supplements at the time of enrollment into the study. An additional 45 men initially enrolled in the study were excluded because they were already taking Vitamin D supplements. Among the 117 institutionalized men 79% were severely deficient in Vitamin D. Among the 174 men who continued to live at home 57% were severely deficient. The level of Vitamin D was significantly lower in the older, less mobile, institutionalized men. Almost all of the other men had either mild or moderate Vitamin D deficiency. Only two men, both living at home, had normal Vitamin D levels. Severe deficiency was less than 12 ng/ml, mild to moderate deficiency was 12-32 ng/ml, and normal levels of active Vitamin D were considered to be 32 ng/ml or greater in the blood. The study is published in the November 21st, 2007 issue of the French journal La Presse Medicale.


How Differential Pressure Transducers Used in Filter Monitoring？
Differential pressure transducers are commonly used in industrial process systems, and they provide a great solution for those settings.
What is Differential Pressure Transducer?
Differential pressure transducers are designed to measure and illustrate the difference between two points in a system. For example, if the pressure measured at point A is 90kpa and the pressure at point B is 60kpa, then the differential pressure by subtracting the low differential pressure from the high differential pressure is 30kPa.
Differential Pressure Transducers Used in Filter Monitoring？
Filter is an important part of an efficient operation in industrial process system, and differential pressure transducers are also vital as they can be used to detect if the filter is clogged. As shown in the figure, as the filter collects foreign materials, the pressure before the filter builds up. The more the filter gets clogged, the more the differential pressure increases. Once the differential pressure reaches a maximum value, the operator knows the filter should be changed.
Except being used in filtration, differential pressure transducers can be used in other fields and applications including but not limited to corrosive fluids and gas measurement systems, flow measurement and clean rooms, etc.


Students, volunteers, and teachers at Navunisea Primary School (NDS) have benefitted hugely from the addition of the library in 2014. It provides a space where one-on-one work, literacy groups, planning and training can take place. As well as housing reading resources and teaching materials! Now we are using your donations to connect the library to the electricity supply.
Why do we need electricity at the library?
Now that the project is really taking shape as a focused literacy programme, a large part of our work entails creating resources to support literacy and phonics work which is easy to understand and deliver for volunteers. These resources mean that volunteers with little teaching experience can have a meaningful impact in school.
Producing consistently high-quality resources requires the use of laptops in order to research and create materials. Long term volunteers, or those with special expertise, are identified by staff to further develop the project according to its core objectives. However, currently they can’t work on the project, instead they head back to base so that they can use IT equipment, connected to the electricity supply.
This makes it difficult to ensure that they are maintaining important contact time with pupils and the school and splits the team up. It means that they are not with NDS project staff and, therefore, unable to have guidance and input from those who know the project best.
During 2015, NDS staff have also become involved in the delivery of professional development to teachers in the district. This is a fundamental factor in making our project sustainable by sharing knowledge and best practice for a long-term impact. Training sessions have had to take place in the school office or unsuitable classroom spaces in order to access electricity.
In addition, Silana is fast becoming a hub for community development, education and awareness related to our core objectives in the district. The ability to host workshops for adult education, community health and women’s empowerment at our library would be both practical and would further showcase our unique partnership with this community and school.
Thank you for your donations, which make improvements like this possible. We can’t wait for power to be installed!


Endodontic Treatment (Root Canal Treatment)
In the middle of the teeth there is a part called pulp (tooth extract). Pulp is a structure composed of nerves and vessels. This structure provides dental sensitivity and nutrition. The pulp will not be able to repair itself , and when it is damaged, so the endodontic treatment is needed. Removing the damaged pulp and to replace it with artificial materials is called endodontic treatment. If the damaged pulp is not removed, the tooth and surrounding tissues are exposed to infection. At the end, you can lose your teeth completely.
What are the causes of toothache? In order to find the cause of the pain, intraoral and radiological examination is necessary. The most common cause is damage to the tooth pulp (dental nerve). Pain can also be caused by the gum. Gum-related pain is disturbing; but it is not as intolerable as pulp inflammation. Less common causes of pain; pain reflected to the tooth from muscular pain, pain reflected by sinusitis, and buried teeth. Treatment is also effective if the cause is known correctly. Intolerable painful dental treatment should be primarily endodontic therapy. The tooth extraction is the last solution.
How is endodontic therapy done, are there new techniques?
Tooth decay is cleared. The first target is to find pulp channels. The length of the channels is calculated by taking an x-ray. This calculation is done with the help of a apex locator perfectly. The root canal is then expanded and cleaned. The root canal is expanded with automatic tools that are the same in canal size but expand in diameter. In every tool change, the canal is washed with gel and disinfectant in liquid form. This procedure is completed in about 15 minutes for the minor teeth. X-rays are taken for the second time before the canal is filled. If possible, only one session endodontic treatment is finished.
Automatic tools and apex locator devices provided dentists to treat canals much more quickly and effectively.


A revised version of this working paper has been published as:
Rindefjäll, Teresia., Emma Lund and Johannes Stripple. 2011. Wine, fruit, and emission reductions: the CDM as development strategy in Chile. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 11 (1): 7-22. Special Issue on “Agency in Earth System Governance”. 2011.
Through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, a developed country actor with a binding emission reduction target can use emission reductions from a project implemented in a developing country to meet this target. At the same time, CDM projects are meant to contribute to sustainable development in the host country, as defined by this country. The CDM is often taken to illustrate a broader contemporary turn in environmental policymaking towards market liberalism, flexibility and pluralism, where the governance of the CDM involves ‘agency beyond the state’ at different political levels and across various jurisdictions. While such an image of the CDM certainly identifies important aspects, it also downplays the ways in which states govern the CDM, not at the international level but at the domestic level through the host country prerogative to define its sustainable development priorities. Early on in the scholarly debate on the CDM, fears were raised about a ‘race to the bottom’ with regard to sustainable development requirements on CDM projects. Our research on Chile confirms that hypothesis, with the important addition, that the ‘race’ is not simply a structural feature of the CDM, but a deliberate strategy. We argue that Chile has actively chosen to put only marginal emphasis on securing the CDM’s contribution to sustainable development, and instead uses the CDM primarily as a tool to attract foreign investments, treating carbon credits as just another export product.
Key words: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Chile; Kyoto Protocol; Sustainable Development


Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on the hamlet. Imaginative thinking is very important to literature. Of course, the film medium is a form of literature, so, imagination also comes in handy. When William Shakespeare wrote “Hamlet”, it is very certain that he put a whole lot of imaginative thought into it (Shakespeare & Constance). In both versions of Hamlet’s adaptation—Franco Zeffirellis 1990 film starring Mel Gibson and Michael Almereydas 2000 version, the directors, as well as the actors, have been very creative as far as interpreting the play is concerned. Michael Almereyda’s version is the ‘marriage’ of the past and the contemporary. The question that this version probably raises in the mind of many viewers is whether this ‘marriage’ was worth it after all. whether this union has yielded any positive fruit. Like Shakespeare does in most of his plays, Michael Almereyda makes an attempt to make use of, not only a story that viewers are familiar, but he adopts a setting – in terms of place and time – that they are familiar with. He makes use of the present day New York. Unlike what obtains in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Michael Almereyda prefers to makeDenmark a high profile media corporation, rather than interpreting it to be a country. If he (the director) had not intended to change anything in the play, he would certainly have left Denmark as a country that it is in Shakespeare’s version. Perhaps the only feature of this version by Almereyda that has not changed particularly is the language. The original Shakespearian language that was used by William Shakespeare himself is maintained. The choice of Shakespearian English for a screenplay set in the twenty first century seems to be an anomaly. As with some other features of the screenplay, the author seems to be pleading to the viewers that they suspend every sense of verisimilitude they possess.
Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on the hamlet. Imaginative thinking is very important to literature. Of course, the film medium is a form of literature, so, imagination also comes in
by essaylimo | Apr 21, 2021 | Uncategorized


Treatment wetlands, taking ideas from constructed wetlands and engineered wastewater treatment systems, are emerging as an engineering approach to sustainably treat a range of effluent, including aquaculture wastes. Marine wastewater adds an extra challenge in that there is salt in the effluent making it difficult to land apply on freshwater plants. This project, a multi-institution collaboration, takes advantage of macrophytes (plants) whose roots and affiliated bacterial communities can remove ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, carbon, and phosphorus from marine aquaculture wastewater. By using salt tolerant plants (e.g. Juncus sp; Spartina sp; Distichlis sp) these systems seem effective at removing nutrients in salt water and then reusing or redirecting treated water.
The current study was done in triplicate with three different species of plants (Distichlis spicata, Juncus roemerianus, and Spartina alterniflora) in combinations (by themselves; with one other plant species; or all three plant species). Once plants begin to grow and bacterial communities are developed, the nutrients were removed quite effectively. Preliminary findings indicate approximately 91% ammonium reduction in treatments containing J. roemerianus. Phosphate reductions of 22% occurred in the treatment consisting of both J. roemerianus and D. spicata. The treatments consisting of all three species achieved 95% reduction of combined nitrate and nitrite.
A number of key engineering parameters are needed to predictably design these systems: Temperature effects (on both plants and bacteria); an understanding of the ‘warm up’ time; rates of nutrient removal and thus effective hydraulic retention time; as well as optimum plant selections (single species or mixed). Data from this study will contribute to our understanding of how to optimally design floating treatment wetlands to remediate nutrients from marine aquaculture wastewater.
Keywords: Recirculating aquaculture system, ammonia, plants, phosphorus, biofiltration.


I was confusing this video with a similarly titled video that I saw years ago that claimed that the mathematics of weight loss was just calories out versus calories in. Although technically true, weight loss is more complicated, with certain foods like sugar being worse than others. Sugar actually stimulates appetite. In addition, our gut flora send signals to our brain to stimulate our appetite for specific foods. Those bacteria get hungry, and different bacteria prefer different types of nutrients. Eating healthy foods adjusts your gut bacteria to that diet.
This is where probiotics might be helpful.
In addition, I just read about "obesogens", which at first sounded like a joke to me, which are chemicals in the environment that promote obesity. https://www.ehn.org/chemicals-in-everyday-products-are-spurring-obesity-warns-a-new-review-2657191067.html
In terms of the chemistry of metabolism, this video is scientifically interesting. However, it isn't really news that we lose mass as we breathe out carbon dioxide.
On Tue, Apr 26, 2022 at 5:07 AM Albert > wrote:
Hands down the best scientific explanation of weight loss. The bottomline: eat less and move more.


Do you know the best way to deal with any sickness to keep yourself and your family safe from germs? It’s by boosting your immune system…which is your first line of defense in fighting off possible infections.
Here are some good-health guidelines that you can follow for a stronger immune system:
Get adequate sleep – How much sleep you need depend on your age, overall health and individual need. Try to set up good bedtime routines.
Exercise as a family – Moderate exercise can reduce inflammation and promote healthy turnover of immune cells and reduce stress.
Manage your stress level – Both chronic and temporary stress can have physiological effects that can lower a body’s ability to fight off infections. It’s important to keep an eye out for signs that your child may be stressed.
Stayed hydrated – Dehydration can make you more susceptible to illness.
Laugh together – Laughter may boost immune system while reducing levels of stress.
Eat a well-balanced diet – Add food high in antioxidants and Omega-3 fatty acids, such as those in salmon and chia seeds. These fats may naturally fight illness.
Limit added sugars – Lowering your sugar intake may decrease inflammation and your risk of certain conditions.
Keep current with all recommended vaccines – Vaccines prepares your immune system to fight off infections before they take hold in your body.
Last but not the least…wash your hands thoroughly and regularly, as many germs and viruses can be transmitted by your own hands.


Dark Side of the Moon
What lies on the Dark Side of the Moon?
Have you ever noticed that when you look up at the moon, you always see the same features? You can see craters and patches of different colors.
With a pair of binoculars or a telescope, you can make out even more detail. But no matter how you look at the moon, you're always seeing the same landscape. What's on the other side of the moon?
Many people use the phrase "the dark side of the moon" to describe something mysterious and unknown. The dark side of the moon is supposed to be the side we never see, the side that faces away from Earth. This side of the moon faces the cold, black expanse of space.
So what could be on this side of the moon? and is it possible Sasquatch is the dark earth inhabitant and comes to and from earth at night from the Dark Side of the moon to the Dark Side of planet earth to avoid detection?
Is Sasquatch an Alien Species and is the dark side of the moon the perfect reconnaissance base for exploration and harvesting of Earth's natural resources?
Let us know your thoughts in the comments below, or email us. We'd love to hear from you!
By Tae Haahr
Research Writer, Sasquatch Syndicate Inc.
Comments are closed.


Looking at detailed myeloma information gives us an insight into what it is and how it affects us. Multiple myeloma is a form of blood cancer that develops in the soft tissue part of the bones called plasma cells. These plasma cells, also called white blood cells, are responsible for generating antibodies that are required to fight bacteria, viruses, or fungi in the immune system. While studies and reference material explaining myeloma information cannot point to ways to prevent it, an understanding of its causes and risks will help to a certain extent.
Multiple myeloma is not a preventable condition, but there are certain factors that can increase your risk in developing this disease. Some of these factors are:
Hereditary: Myeloma information and studies prove that multiple myeloma is not hereditary. However, there are some indications that if one of the siblings is suffering from such a condition, then the other sibling is more prone to the condition due to genetic factors, which they may share.
Immune system breakdown: Many types of research show that there is a strong connection between the disease and a breakdown of the immune system, which may be triggered due to various reasons as follows
However, research and studies about myeloma information suggest that these associations or links are not strong enough and that people unconnected to the above can be also diagnosed with these conditions.
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Gambling can have many negative consequences on a person’s life. People who have gambling problems may have different beliefs than other people. They may think that certain rituals will bring them luck or they believe that by gambling more they will recover their losses. Cognitive behavioural therapy can help reduce these beliefs and change gambling behavior. Using a professional gambling counsellor can be beneficial for you in overcoming your problems with gambling. Read on to learn more. Here are some common problems and ways to overcome them.
In the United States, gambling has been around for centuries. It has been suppressed by law in many areas for nearly as long. Early twentieth century laws aimed to ban gambling sparked the growth of organized crime and the mafia. Towards the end of the century, attitudes towards gambling began to change. Many cities, including New York, relaxed their laws on gambling to encourage the practice. But the problem with gambling addiction is that it is difficult to stop once you start.
If you suspect you have a gambling addiction, it is important to strengthen your support system. Reach out to family and friends for support. Volunteer for a worthy cause. Join a peer support group. Joining Gamblers Anonymous can help you build a community of people who have overcome their gambling addiction. A 12-step recovery program, similar to Alcoholics Anonymous, is a good place to start. A sponsor is someone who has been in your shoes and can offer guidance and support.


Concrete Admixtures refer to ingredients other than cement which are added to concrete mixtures to change or control its properties to suit a certain construction situation. Below is a list of some common admixtures types and what they are used for:
Air Entrainment – The primary purpose of air entraining admixtures are to increase mass of void areas within the concrete permitting it to be more resistant to the freeze/thaw expand/contract phenomenon. Air Entrainment admixtures also increase the workability of wet concrete and when used in high quantities can be used to create lightweight nonstructural concrete with insulating properties.
Water Reducing Admixtures – The primary purpose of water reducing admixtures is to permit a reduced amount of mixing water while retaining the same amount of workability which results in higher strength concrete.
Superplasticizers (High-Range-Water-Reducers) – The primary purpose of Superplasticizer is to transform a stiff concrete mix into one which flows freely into place, used frequently in concrete wall and foundation settings. These admixtures are used for either increasing ease of placement or to reduce water content for higher strengths.
Accelerator – Accelerating admixtures cause concrete to cure more quickly. They are often used when cold weather is a factor that might inhibit or slow the cure of the concrete or when it is desired that the concrete set up faster than normal. Calcium chloride flake is the most common admixture for non-reinforced concrete (can speed up the corrosion process of corrosion). For steel reinforced concrete, non-chloride accelerators are commonly used, albeit they’re slightly more expensive.
Retarder – Retarding admixtures cause concrete to cure more slowly. They are often used when hot weather is a factor that might accelerate the curing or setting up of the concrete.


The public wash-house
Until the end of the 19th century, ashes from specific woods, sifted beforehand, were used to wash the linen, thanks to the potassium salts released by not water. The « boyandières » or « boyandines » (washerwomen) rinced theirlinen in the streams or in the village harbours (Bonnoirde, Chavoires, les Pensières, les Champs, Veyrier…).
In 1919, the village Council decided to build a wash-house at the centreof the village on the site of the old church cemetery transformed in 1862.
The building of many wash-houses is the consequenceof a law clating from february 5th 1851, stipulating a « Stafinancial help to encourae the creation of public bathsand wash-houses for the villages that would ask for them !
This public wash-house was financed by a subscription from the inhabitants of the villagecentre to whom it was reserved ; it allowed the washerwomen, thans to the industrialization of soap, to work and gossip there.
Ahistorian has called these wash-houses « the women’s parliamenr ».


Last month, DynaStudy, a small, relatively new Austin, Texas, educational publisher of study guides was victorious in a copyright infringement lawsuit against the Houston school district. According to the Houston Chronicle, the jury found “dozens” of district employees committed “hundreds” of copyright violations that prompted the large damage award.
The Chronicle describes evidence that staff knowingly disregarded the copyrights on multiple study guides when they widely reproduced and distributed copies to students and other staff, sometimes after covering copyright warnings and company logos. Some guides altered in the Houston schools ended up on the Internet, where they spread to out-of-state school districts and others within Texas.
The district reportedly issued a statement in response to the verdict that it will increase its employee copyright training.
According to Above the Law, one of the defenses raised was that the reproductions made “fair use” of the copyrighted guides, which would have made the copying a legal, but limited use of the copyrighted materials even without owner permission. According to federal copyright law, one recognized purpose for fair use is in “teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use).”
Even if a use falls in an accepted category like teaching, the particular use must be examined in light of four factors:
- Character and purpose of use, including whether it a commercial use or “for nonprofit educational purposes”
- Nature of original work
- “[A]mount and substantiality” of the “portion used” as compared to the entire work
- Impact the use will have on the “market for or value of” the original, copyrighted work
The author of the Above the Law article feels that the use was not fair because the “amount and substantiality” of the use was of the entirety of each guide copied, except for the removed copyright warning and logo. In addition, the copying directly and substantially affects the market for the guides because neither students nor the district would buy the guides from the publisher since they already were getting them free.


From learning about why the Moon appears to change shape, to investigating how shadows are formed, Cambridge Primary Science gets your learners thinking like scientists! Packed with opportunities to plan experiments, make predictions and gather results, the series helps your learners to think and work scientifically. Each unit ends with a project, like designing a reusable or disposable object, that helps students bring together what they have learned, and understand how the topics relate to the real world. With vocabulary boxes, clear diagrams, and supporting illustrations, the course makes science accessible for learners with English as a second language.
- Get your learners thinking and talking about what they already know with ‘Getting Started’ boxes at the start of each topic
- Help your learners think and work scientifically with practical tasks in the ‘Think like a scientist’ feature
- Topics throughout the series support the earth and space strand of the curriculum framework
- Help your students reflect on what they have learnt with ‘Reflection’ and ‘Look what I can do’ sections at the end of each topic
- Answers for all activities can be found in the accompanying teacher’s resource
- Downloadable tests, with answers, provide ready-made assessment opportunities
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Israeli kids lead the world in time spent playing video games
While it is no surprise that teens and preteens around the world dedicate much of their time to playing video games, it appears this is one area where the Israeli youth really excels. Children's World, an annual international survey of children's well-being, has surveyed 23,803 children between the ages of 7 and 15 in 20 nations and found that Israeli children outspent their international peers in 2021 in terms of time dedicated to playing computer games.
Around 65% of Israeli kids report playing more than five times a week, compared to an international average of 50%. Children from Italy and Russia came in second and third, respectively, in the study. In terms of social media usage, 63% of Israeli kids came in seventh, reporting spending more than five days a week in front of their screens, while the global average stands at 58%.
Dr. Dafna Gross-Manos, senior lecturer at the Social Work Department at the Tel-Hai Academic College, said: "Spending so much time in front of the screen can lead to cognitive issues, behavioral problems and attention deficit disorders. Among teens, there's increased risk of anxiety and depression."


How your food is being contaminated by microplastics
One of the most enduring effects of the modern way of life is plastic pollution, which is now so pervasive that it is even contaminating produce as it grows.
There are microplastics everywhere on the planet. They have been discovered in drinking water all around the world, within the stomachs of marine species living.
According to research conducted in 2022 by the environmental
non-profit Environmental Working Group, sewage sludge has contaminated nearly 20 million acres (80,937 sq km) of US cropland with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals” because they are frequently found in plastic products and do not decompose under normal environmental conditions. PFAS are also known as “perfluorinated compounds” (PFCs).
The waste product remaining after municipal wastewater has been cleaned up is sewage sludge. Sludge is frequently used as organic.
The researchers discovered that one wastewater treatment plant in south Wales, the UK, received up to 650 million microplastic particles.
Pollutants are permeating every area of human lives, from the microplastics sprayed on farmland to the foul odours emitted by sewage plants and the noise damaging marine life.
According to a UK Environment Agency report that was later made public by the environmental advocacy group Greenpeace,
Additionally, food crops might be directly harmed by plastic particles. A 2020 study in Catania, Sicily, Italy, discovered microplastics and nanoplastics in products supplied by local vendors as well as in supermarket-purchased fruit and vegetables. Carrots had the greatest concentrations of microplastics among the studied vegetables, and apples were the most polluted fruit.
According to study by Willie Peijnenburg, professor of environmental toxicology and biodiversity at Leiden.
In a different investigation, Peijnenburg and his colleagues discovered that the concentration of microplastics.
According to Peijnenburg’s research, the ingestion of the plastic particles did not appear to hinder.


Civilian Conservation Corps Museum
The CCC Museum of South Dakota is the home for an ever growing collection of photos, artifacts and of course the roster of the great men who’s work is still very relevant today. Tourism in South Dakota would not be what it has become without the incredible accomplishments of the CCC. Find out why today’s South Dakota owes a debt of gratitude to the CCC Boys and what they did for development, preservation, and education. Discover the Civilian Conservation Corps Camps and visit the many sites that still have remnants of the past. Bring the whole family to the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Museum of South Dakota and begin your plan to discover, or rediscover the CCC in South Dakota.
Preserving America’s Natural Resources 1933-1942. Out of the economic chaos emerged the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The goal was two-fold: conservation of our natural resources and the salvage of our young men. The work of America’s young men dramatically changed the future. More than 30,000 men contributed to the many significant projects in South Dakota and were able to help support their families back home.
23935 Hwy 385
Hill City, SD 57745-0221


What is the difference between MJPEG and H.264?
If your IP camera supports both H.264 and MJPEG, you might be asking yourself: which format should I choose?
Let us help.
The technical side of things
The main difference between H.264 and MJPEG is that MJPEG only compresses individual frames of video, while H.264 compresses across frames.
MJPEG is the compilation of separately compressed JPEGs in a sequence, which leads to high quality outcome in terms of resolution.
With H.264, on the other hand, only some frames are compressed by themselves, while most of them only record changes from the previous frame. This can save a significant amount of bandwidth compared to MJPEG (which encodes each frame as new), but results in a video of lower quality.
+ reduces bandwidth and storage consumption significantly
+ adaptive video quality based on bandwidth
+ suitable for storage
+ / – complexity setup – sometimes tricky to set up – streaming quality, frame rate and i frame rate. GOP, VBR, CBR etc.
+ consistently great image quality
+ robustness, if one frame is dropped, then it does not affect the video
– no sound
– consumes much more bandwidth and storage
– no storage support at angelcam
In conclusion, when it comes to deciding whether to use MJPEG or H.264, it always comes down to what the consumer is looking for and where the camera is being installed. Although H.264 will be the preferred way for many, MJPEG may be a format of choice for those who seek higher quality with crisp details, but can’t support the H.264 stream.


This article was first published in The Timeline.
By President Eric Ombok
The Rotary Clubs of Syokimau, Kitengela, Athi River and Stoni Athi on September 18 embarked on a project dubbed Adopt a River, to remove all solid waste along the water body.
The four Rotary clubs conducted a waste assessment covering a stretch of at least 1.5 kilometres along Athi River before embarking on the first phase which is focussed on removing solid waste from the water body, installing traps at points where storm water carrying solid waste get into the rivers and planting trees along the river to reduce surface erosion.
Laboratory testing of water in the river was also undertaken before the project began and will be repeated after completion, to determine the levels of contamination and to check whether the solutions provide are effective. The clubs are collaborating with members of the community to provide labour for removal of the solid waste daily until the exercise is completed.
To reduce solid waste disposal into Athi River, the next phase will include providing recycling bins in partnership with waste collection service providers. Industries releasing their effluent to the river through various channels will also be brought on board as part of efforts to improve up-stream biological treatment of industrial waste.
For the full original article please click here


Scientists have located the happiness center in the brain
Using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), a team of Japanese scientists have located the part of the brain linked to feeling happy.
Do we really know what happiness is, and most importantly, where it’s located? To answer this universal question, Dr Waturu Sato, a researcher at Kyoto University in Japan, and his team undertook a study. They discovered that the combination of positive emotions and satisfaction derived from life events had an impact on the precuneus, which is part of the parietal lobe.
From a neurological point of view, happiness can be defined as a subjective experience based on a feeling that varies in intensity from person to person.
Psychologists have attempted to find out the neural mechanism behind happiness. This is an area clouded in mystery, particularly for neurologists who, up until now, had been unable to precisely identify the parts of the brain involved in happiness.
The neuroscientists in Dr Sato’s team used MRI to analyze the brains of 51 participants and to measure their subjective happiness as well as the emotions they felt. They sought to evaluate two key parameters: an emotional component and a cognitive component. They gave participants a questionnaire to discover if they were happy or not, to determine the intensity of their emotions, and to find out the degree of satisfaction with their lives.
Their findings, which were published in the journal Scientific Reports of November 20, 2015, indicated that the participants who obtained the best happiness score had more grey matter in the precuneus, a region of the parietal lobe in the cerebral cortex, than those who were less happy about their life.
The researchers also noted that the intensity of positive and negative emotions and life satisfaction were associated with this part of the brain. They concluded that the precuneus of happy people or those who tended to feel emotions in a positive, more intense way, giving their life meaning, was bigger in size.
The researchers also noted that these same participants felt unhappiness less intensely.
Dr Sato concluded: “Several studies have shown that meditation increases grey matter mass in the precuneus. This new insight on where happiness happens in the brain will be useful for developing happiness programs based on scientific research.”
News source: AFP


Poll Participants Characterize Trump in One Word
In its most recent Quinnipiac national poll of registered voters (May 10, 2017), respondents were asked to provide a one word description of the president. Over 500 of the participants responded. In total, fifty descriptive words were used, and two-thirds of the one-word responses were negative.
Here are the 20 most common responses and the raw number of participants who used those one word descriptors. As you read these, you might consider how you would respond if asked to find a that single word that best describes the president.
You will notice I decided to err, if needs be, on the positive side. For example, he could be considered a most “trying” president, or he could be considered a person who is “trying” to be presidential. I am also assuming that participants have a positive view of business. There can be little doubt about the correct classification of negative terms.
|One Word Description||Positive||Negative|
We can all use this to get some hint of how well our own one word descriptions fit with these potential voters. My own favorite is in their somewhat below the middle of the pack.
But, I think most of us would be more satisfied if we could offer two or three words, possibly some on the list to come up with a pithy phrase that we feel is just right. Something like lowdown ___ ___ or worthless ___ ___.
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Edward Said describes Orientalism as a built-in system or method by which, the West not only socially constructed and actually produced the Orient, but controlled and managed it through a a series of power relations, working through the tropes, images, and representations of literature, art, visual. In other words it is the imperialist and colonialist outlook on the east by the west.
It can be argued that “Lunana: A Yak in the Classroom” is trying to be vocal on the idea of orientalism. Unlike most movies of this nature, the teacher or “savior” or person with power would be of different nationality or one group (typically the have not’s/ not white or western) is portrayed as evil. However, in this movie both the children/villagers and Ugyen, the protagonist, are both Bhutanese. What differentiates Ugyen from the children and villagers is that fact that he is more “modernized.” This idea of “advanced” society and tradition society is also seen through what Australia means to Ugyen. Although Ugyen goes to Australia at the end of the movie, the fact that he sings the yak herders song shows that the movie is going against this western idea of the east (that maybe all easterners want to be like them but just can’t). Also, the cast of the film is basically all “amateur” actors, with actual Lunana villagers and other Bhutanese people. This goes against the idea of Orientalism because the film takes the actual perspective and thoughts of the people the film is about to portray an accurate representation of that group.


What if there was a way to prevent migraines from starting? Based on some hopeful clinical trial results, millions of people suffering from migraines may soon have an answer.
Current medications treat only the symptoms of recurring migraines; they offer no help to prevent the start of a migraine attack.
Researchers investigating the intricate details of how pain is felt during migraine episodes have zeroed in on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide found throughout the human nervous system. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and can function in the transmission of pain through the trigeminal nerve structure.
Several pharmaceutical companies are now conducting Phase III clinical trials for CGRP antagonists, which block the pain transmission activity of the neuropeptide.
However, a note of caution is warranted. Some candidate drugs fail during Phase III trials for a number of reasons, including toxicity levels in other organs such as the liver.
Also, don’t expect to be able to simply take a pill to prevent migraines. The new preventive drugs are monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP, and must be given by subcutaneous injection twice a month or intravenous (IV) injection once every 3 months.
Stay tuned for further updates.
See also: Migraine Signs and Symptoms


According to archaeological records, the ancient Egyptians began to use bronze scissors as early as the 15th century BC. There are scissors carved on the wall inside the Temple of Kom Ombo.
But the scissors mentioned above are not the crossed style used today. Archaeologist Flinders Petrie believes that the present style of scissors appeared in the 1st century AD.
In the 5th century AD, Isidore of Seville, Spain, described tailors and barbers using the current style of scissors as their main tool.
In ancient times, in any country or tribe that did not have scissors, people would use other tools to trim hair or other items, such as cutting with a knife, burning with fire, and so on.
How to Draw Scissors Step by Step
Step 1 First draw a circle
Step 2 Add another circle inside it
Step 3 Draw a handle
Step 4 Add a similar shape to this handle
Step 5 Draw another handle
Step 6 Add a similar shape to this handle too
Step 7 Draw a blade
Step 8 Draw another blade
Step 9 Color this scissors
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Download the PDF
Maybe you want to download this drawing tutorial. Just click the link below and you can get the PDF on "How to Draw Scissors", it's free and printable. In addition to this, the pages of this PDF also contain a coloring page and the final simple scissors.


St Peter’s school is an integral part of the parish, striving to be a living faith community that celebrates, serves and prays together. Religious Education is an important cross curricular dimension of learning that follows the Catholic Education Melbourne’s Curriculum Framework.
Where possible, teachers use an integrated approach to teaching Religious Education, focusing on students’ wondering, questions and dialogue in light of Catholic worldview, tradition and Scripture. This assists students to develop an understanding of self, others, the world and God. Parents, students, parish and staff work in partnership as witnesses to the Good News to support and encourage the faith development of students.
At St. Peter’s we aim to:
- Develop appreciation and deep understanding of the richness of the Catholic Tradition
- Build religious self-understanding and spiritual awareness
- Promote openness to religious questions and to a religious interpretation of the world
- Build awareness of the diversity of voices in society and within the school
- Encourage discernment and participation informed by the Catholic Tradition.
- Promote participation in activities that will provide ongoing spiritual formation e.g. Mass, sacraments, the traditions of the Church, whole school morning prayer, professional learning and dialogue
- Be living examples of what it means to be a Catholic Christian community


A new report from the U.S. Department of Energy reevaluates the agency’s strategic plan for supporting clean energy technologies that can help decrease energy use and carbon emissions.
The Energy Departments first Quadrennial Technology Review found that the agency was making too much of an effort to support and fund futuristic next-generation technologies and not enough of an effort to support and fund existing clean energy technologies that are already proven to work.
According to the report, the government needs to focus on technologies that can survive the time between a technologys pilot status and when it becomes commercialized and available to the public. During this critical period of time, known as the valley of death, many projects tend to fail from a lack of funding.
The report highlighted transportation technologies, namely fuel efficiency technologies and electric vehicle technologies, as having a greater likelihood of clearing the commercialization hurdle than ambitious clean energy or building efficiency projects. Cars are a better target for change, according to the report, because cars spend an average of 15 years in active use and dont last nearly as long as buildings.
According to the report, the government can change the way energy is used more quickly by focusing on cars because its the sector in which people are going to need new products more often and a sector which presents greater opportunities for more frequent adoption of new energy efficiency technologies.
Although the Energy Department proposes in the report to back off funding for clean energy technologies that are multiple generations away from practical use, it said that it wont abandon groundbreaking research.
Recently the Energy Department announced more than $250 million in funding to research and develop next-generation solar power, hydropower, offshore wind energy, geothermal power and drop-in biofuel technologies.
“For Energy Department, More Green Cars, Less Next-Next-Technology,” Good, Sept. 27, 2011.


Objective: To evaluate availability, affordability and prescribing pattern of medicines in both public and private health sectors of Sudan.
Setting: Availability, affordability, and rational use of medicines were evaluated in primary health care centers in six states of Sudan.
Methods: The survey followed the WHO guidelines for monitoring and assessing the pharmaceutical situation in countries. For this survey, a total of 36 public health facilities selected from the six geographic areas were identified.
Main outcome measure: The survey confirmed the good availability and acceptable affordability of essential medicines in the public health centers and private pharmacies. Despite acceptable stocking of the medicines in these facilities, storage quality of medicines was low.
Results: On average, 82% of the core medicines monitored were available in the centers and 85% of the medicines prescribed by the physician were dispensed to the patients. The average score for quality of storage in store room and dispensing were 56% and 65%, respectively. On average, a complete course of treatment of malaria in public centers costs 0.62 and for treatment of pneumonia in adults and children costs 3.13 and 0.57 days of the lowest government salary, respectively. The average number of medicines per prescription was 2.3. On average, the number of prescriptions containing at least one antibiotic was 66% and 27% of the prescriptions containing an injectable medicine. Adherence of prescribers to standard treatment guidelines for treating uncomplicated diarrhea and diarrhea was 45% and 64%, respectively. The acceptable medicine labeling criteria were met only in 50% of the prescriptions.
Conclusion: The overall availability of essential medicines in the public health centers and private pharmacies of Sudan was acceptable. Although affordability of medicines for some common diseases such as malaria and child pneumonia could be considered acceptable, it was much higher for some other conditions including adult pneumonia. Prescription of antibiotics was high and adherence to standard treatment guidelines for managing common and widely spread diseases such as diarrhea and malaria was low.


Bear and Bunny Grow Tomatoes is a lovely story which shows children what you should and shouldn’t do when you want to grow tomatoes (or any other plants). I have read this story to stimulate discussion about growing and planting before planting tomato seeds with children.
The Story: Neighbours Bear and Bunny decide to grow tomatoes but they take very different approaches. Hard working Bear tends his soil, lovingly plants his seeds and takes care of them. Lazy Bunny throws his seeds into his garden then relaxes and throws a pool party. Bear ends up with a huge crop of tomatoes while Bunny is sure that his tomatoes will be huge once he finds them in the weeds. At the end of the summer Bear and Bunny both have plenty of tomatoes to eat as kind hearted Bear gives some of his tomatoes to Bunny.
The story starts in winter when Bear and Bunny are reading seed catalogues. On the left of the double spread Bear is dreaming about a crop of tomatoes while on the right hand spread Bunny dreams of a huge tomato. The story follows the same layout throughout the book. On the left we see Bear digging, raking, weeding, sowing and watering while on the right Bunny throws his seeds on the ground and spends a lot of time relaxing. Bear continues to weed while Bunny’s weeds take over until he has no idea what is growing. I love the way that even at the end of the summer Bunny remains optimistic and looks forward to finding ‘colossal’ tomatoes in his garden!
Bear and Bunny Grow Tomatoes amusingly conveys the message that hard work and patience are needed when gardening. The illustrations are bold, bright and full of humorous details. We love the picture of Bunny’s pool party and my daughter finds it funny when Bunny flies over his garden in a hot air balloon to look for his tomatoes in the weeds. The text is easy to read and the short sentences are good for beginner readers.
Bear and Bunny Grow Tomatoes is a great book to use in the classroom for topics on growing things and healthy eating. Sequencing cards can be used to help children understand how tomatoes grow and the story also mentions the seasons so could also be included in a topic on time. The story also provides a great stimulus for a discussion about how hard work reaps rewards.
An amusing story with two likeable characters which has inspired us to plant our own tomatoes.
Age Range: 3 +
Author / Illustrator: Bruce Koscielniak
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A rare pink rainbow has been spotted in the sky in the west of England. The phenomenon, seen in Bristol, Taunton and Yate, has been described as an “optical illusion” by experts. People who photographed it described it as amazing and pretty.
In The Earth Emperor’s Eye, Lucy reveals the majesty and wonder of rainbows in helping to demonstrate the deep magic of our enchanted Earth. It’s strange then that a rare rose coloured rainbow should appear over Bristol. The city is home to the regional headquarters of BBC West and the BBC Natural History Unit based at Broadcasting House, which produces television, radio and online content with a natural history or wildlife theme. These include nature documentaries, including The Blue Planet and Planet Earth. The city has a long association with David Attenborough’s authored documentaries, including Life on Earth. Is this just a coincidence?
A more rational explanation came from the BBC Weather presenter Simon King. He said there was no specific name for the phenomenon, which was caused by a regular rainbow and a pink sunset happening at the same time. “We’ve got a regular rainbow, which is caused by water droplets in the atmosphere reflecting the sunlight into the spectrum of different colours. The other thing is a pinkish sunset caused by sunlight having to pass through a lot more atmosphere – due to the low sun angle late in the day – hence the shortwave colours – violets, blues, greens – are diminished and we only see the pinks and reds, giving the rainbow a pinkish colour.”
Mmm, its Mother Nature at her finest.


Unit: Number Base Ten (Decimals)
Key Lesson 6.5.8 Calculating Products of Decimals
Lesson topic: Products of decimals
- Teacher guide
- Practice Problems resource
- CCRS standard: 6.NS.3
- Learning goal: Draw and label a diagram to check the answer to a decimal multiplication problem. Interpret a description (in written language) of a real-world situation involving multiplication of decimals and write a multiplication problem to represent it. Use an algorithm to calculate the product of two decimals and explain (orally) the solution method.
- 6.5 Assessment and Practice Problems
If students need additional lessons before this key lesson, use these supplemental lessons.
- 6.5.5 Decimal Points in Products
- 6.5.6 Methods for Multiplying Decimals
- 6.5.7 Using Diagrams to Represent Multiplication
Used with permission:
1. IM K-5 Math was originally developed by Open Up Resources (OUR) and authored by Illustrative Mathematics® (IM), and is copyrighted 2017-2019 by Open Up Resources. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). OUR's K-5 Math Curriculum is available at https://openupresources.org/math-curriculum/.
2. Adaptations and updates to IM K-5 Math are copyrighted 2019 by Illustrative Mathematics®, and are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
3. The Illustrative Mathematics® name and logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be used without the prior and express written consent of Illustrative Mathematics®.
4. This site includes public domain images or openly licensed images that are copyrighted by their respective owners. Openly licensed images remain under the terms of their respective licenses. See the image attribution section for more information.
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Every year on March 8th, the world celebrates International Women’s Day. This holiday highlights gender inequities. Moreover, it also draws attention to the importance of a world free of bias, discrimination and stereotypes. Additionally, March is Women’s History Month. Both provide opportunities for educators to highlight and celebrate women in history in their classrooms. We provide free resources to achieve this goal through the use of film. We also encourage educators to include the important contributions of women in history throughout the year!
Free Resources Celebrating Women in History
Hidden Figures tells the story of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan and Mary Jackson. These women, known as “human computers,” worked for NASA in Langley, Virginia. Our FREE curriculum guide for this film features 8 lessons focusing on various topics, such as the Cold War, segregation, the math of space travel and more. Additionally, we offer a free discussion guide available for this film as well.
He Named Me Malala is a dynamic documentary, featuring live action and animated sequences to tell the true life story of Malala Yousafzai. She was only 11 years old when she began detailing her experiences in Pakistan for the BBC. Unfortunately, her father received constant death threats, and terrorists shot and almost killed Malala herself. In spite of their efforts, she survived and continues to advocate for gender equity around the world. Her story, with our corresponding free discussion guide, inspires students. Our extensive curriculum guide explores the history of the Taliban, the geography of Pakistan, and much more.
JANE is a documentary film from National Geographic showcasing the important work of Jane Goodall. She was a pioneer in the field of primatology. We’ve created a free discussion guide for this film.
More Timely Women’s History Resources
We recommend that you consider and explore more additional resources and films. Big Sonia is a documentary about Holocaust survivor Sonia Warshawski. Wadjda tells an uplifting story of a ten year-old girl committed to getting her own bicycle. The film’s director is Saudi Arabia’s first female filmmaker. Whale Rider connects with students as it shares the story of a Maori girl struggling to find her place in her community. Finally, Queen of Katwe is a beautiful narrative film starring Lupita Nyong’o and based on the true life story of young chess champion Phiona Mutesi.


The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or FERC, is an independent agency that regulates the interstate transmission of electricity, natural gas, and oil. FERC also reviews proposals to build liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals and interstate natural gas pipelines as well as licensing hydropower projects. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 gave FERC additional responsibilities as outlined and updated Strategic Plan. As part of that responsibility, FERC:
- Regulates the transmission and wholesale sales of electricity in interstate commerce;
- Reviews certain mergers and acquisitions and corporate transactions by electricity companies;
- Regulates the transmission and sale of natural gas for resale in interstate commerce;
- Regulates the transportation of oil by pipeline in interstate commerce;
- Approves the siting and abandonment of interstate natural gas pipelines and storage facilities;
- Reviews the siting application for electric transmission projects under limited circumstances;
- Ensures the safe operation and reliability of proposed and operating LNG terminals;
- Licenses and inspects private, municipal, and state hydroelectric projects;
- Protects the reliability of the high voltage interstate transmission system through mandatory reliability standards;
- Monitors and investigates energy markets;
- Enforces FERC regulatory requirements through imposition of civil penalties and other means;
- Oversees environmental matters related to natural gas and hydroelectricity projects and other matters; and
- Administers accounting and financial reporting regulations and conduct of regulated companies.
FERC publishes a monthly newsletter to their employees called the FERC Insider. Below, you will find issues, released to The Black Vault, under the FOIA. There are more being processed, and they will be added here when released.
FERC Insider Newsletters
2010-2013 [599 Pages, 77.6MB]
2010-2013 Release #2 [595 Pages, 58.4MB] – This release makes this FOIA a bit confusion. It appears they included issues from the previous release, but the page count is different. So, without doing the time consuming page by page comparison, I am adding this PDF in a separate file. As with the others, there are bookmarks notating the different issues.
January – November 2010 [89 Pages, 56.2MB] – You will find bookmarks in the PDF file notating each issue.Follow The Black Vault on Social Media:


Affordances of home drinking in accounts from light and heavy drinkers
- Home alcohol use is a distinct social practice, with specific affordances or effects.
- Alcohol use can smooth relationships and produce an affective sense of being at home.
- For some, being at home facilitates regular and heavy consumption.
- Effects of home as a place operate particularly intensely for heavier alcohol users.
- Understanding impacts of place on alcohol use supports public health responses.
Home alcohol use contributes substantially to health harms associated with alcohol consumption. Drawing on practice theory and new materialism, the researchers argue that alcohol use is a social practice that allows particular sets of effects, or affordances, when it takes place in a person’s home.
Qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone with 40 Australian adult home alcohol users, of whom 20 consumed alcohol at a level designated as low risk and 20 at a level which exposed them to a higher likelihood of harm.
The researchers’ analyses identified four substantive affordances of home alcohol use practice.
- The first two concern transformations of home life.
- Home alcohol use allowed both celebration and smoothing of dissatisfaction with domestic relationships.
- Through producing subtly different affective states at home compared to in other locations, alcohol use practice rendered domestic settings home-like: as places of comfort and respite.
- The second two affordances of home alcohol use concern how home as a place acts in the co-constitution of alcohol consumption patterns. This entailed
- routinising alcohol consumption alongside other home-based practices, and
- loosening constraints on intoxication.
Importantly for the argument made by the researchers, each of these four effects operated with greater intensity for participants who consumed alcohol at a heavier level than for those who consumed alcohol more moderately.
For example, heavy alcohol users expressed a greater imperative to alter relationships and affective states at home and emphasised how being at home produced opportunities for, and removed obstacles to, heavy alcohol use.
The researchers show that home alcohol use is patterned with other activities and entwined in domestic wellbeing and the emergence of home as a space of privacy, autonomy and relaxation for Australians in the study sample.
Understanding home alcohol use as deeply embedded in the constitution of contemporary western domestic life helps to explain heavy alcohol consumption in these settings. It also supports the need for targeted public health responses such as restrictions on home delivery of alcohol.