09:58 | 20.04.23 | News | 18467
El Niño occurs when warm water builds up along the equator in the eastern Pacific. The warm ocean surface warms the atmosphere, which allows moisture-rich air to rise and develop into rainstorms.
A team of specialists from the Higher School of Economics and the Yandex School of Data Analysis, teamed up with Yandex Cloud to develop a neural network to predict the El Niño climatic phenomenon. The new algorithm helps to more accurately predict changes in the average temperature of oceanic surface waters, which can cause natural disasters in certain regions of the world.
Currently, the model already predicts El Niño 1.5 years in advance, and in the future, scientists plan to extend the forecast period to 2 years.
The university research team trained neural networks on an array of thousands of temperature maps with synthetic and real data collected from 1800 to the present. Apart from standard machine learning methods for predicting such phenomena, ML specialists test the Autoformer architecture in training. This will allow to process the sequence of temperature maps with high quality. The scientists used the Yandex DataSphere ML development, which has all the necessary tools and dynamically scalable cloud resources for the full cycle of machine learning development.
“Cloud technologies help to conduct more efficient experiments in a scientific environment. In projects such as El Niño research, fast and flexible access to services for testing different machine learning models is important. Each such test with a new architecture helps to predict the phenomenon as early as possible and more accurately,” said Anna Lemyakina, National and Strategic Projects Director at Yandex Cloud.
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Georgian e-commerce startup Phubber enters the Armenian market
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Robert Sapolsky, a primatologist, has written a review of human nature, published, oddly enough, in Foreign Affairs. It's fascinating. Primates turn out to be more flexible than had been though; dystopia is not inevitable. Humans may be particularly malleable.
Foreign Affairs - A Natural History of Peace - Robert M. SapolskyEmily wonders if the amygdala has the same response to the "deformed" and disabled. One can imagine the same mechanism underlying analysis of genetic fitness of potential mates.
...In exploring these subjects, one often encounters a pessimism built around the notion that humans, as primates, are hard-wired for xenophobia. Some brain-imaging studies have appeared to support this view in a particularly discouraging way. There is a structure deep inside the brain called the amygdala, which plays a key role in fear and aggression, and experiments have shown that when subjects are presented with a face of someone from a different race, the amygdala gets metabolically active -- aroused, alert, ready for action. This happens even when the face is presented 'subliminally,' which is to say, so rapidly that the subject does not consciously see it.
More recent studies, however, should mitigate this pessimism. Test a person who has a lot of experience with people of different races, and the amygdala does not activate. Or, as in a wonderful experiment by Susan Fiske, of Princeton University, subtly bias the subject beforehand to think of people as individuals rather than as members of a group, and the amygdala does not budge. Humans may be hard-wired to get edgy around the Other, but our views on who falls into that category are decidedly malleable.
Sapolsky describes recent studies of primate culture; their behavior can be changed. In some environments male Baboon nerds can mate well, particularly if the tyrants are fighting elsewhere. There is hope, though I suspect the genetic reengineering option will be on the table if we're still around in 70 years.
I wonder how Baboons would do with dogs? I suppose they'd eat the dogs fairly quickly and messily, but I've long wondered how dogs changed alliances in human primates.
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One of the biggest cybersecurity threats today is certainly employee negligence. Nearly half of each and every one data removes are for this one mistake. The Equifax breach was obviously a case in point. This affected 146 million Travelers.
Another big security hazard is artificial data. Dodgy data is definitely difficult to the path. This can boost the time needed to identify concerns and can produce identifying fraud harder.
Progressively more companies are applying cloud computer. As a result, it is critical to maintain good security. A successful arrange will include monitoring several security regulates to identify fraudulence before it might be a big difficulty.
One of the greatest security issues in Big Data is definitely preventing insiders coming from changing metadata. This can cause the wrong info sets. For instance , a developing enterprise could have a false temperature report. False data can be disastrous to an company.
Using the right technologies to obtain big data is the best way to avoid these complications. Companies have to keep their applications safeguarded at all amounts.
One answer is to use role-based access controls to restrict access to hypersensitive information. It will help prevent the majority of data breaches.
Keeping comprehensive access logs can also be a great tool in determining who’s accessing your whole body. In addition , executing standard audits is a superb way to spot misconfigurations and other potential problems.
There are different tools that can help prevent most data removes. These include advanced encryption, which addresses insider https://ipvanishreview.net/ dangers, and policy-based access control buttons that guarantee the suitable portions of your data happen to be accessible.


According to the Alzheimer’s Association definition, Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that can severely affect the memory, thinking ability and behavior of a patient. Additionally, it is a progressive illness, and after a period of time, patients find it difficult to complete even the most basic daily activities. Many people in Missouri may also know that there is no known cure for the disease. However, researchers are aware of many of its symptoms and, based on that, are trying to identify a cure.
Interestingly, a common myth about Alzheimer’s disease is that it can only affect people at an advanced age. However, in reality, Alzheimer’s disease can affect people of all ages, even those people who are in their 40s and 50s. When Alzheimer’s affects younger individuals, it is called early-onset Alzheimer’s. Often, that is the group of people who are affected most by Alzheimer’s disease because not only do they find it difficult to complete basic daily activities but they also face numerous challenges when it comes to holding a job.
The Social Security Administration or SSA recognizes the seriousness of the disease and added early-onset Alzheimer’s to its list of medical conditions under the Compassionate Allowance Initiative in order to provide expedited payments for Social Security disability benefits and Supplemental Security Income. However, the benefits are only paid when the applicant is able to provide medical evidence that clearly proves that the claim is based on “early-onset” Alzheimer’s as opposed to Alzheimer’s disease, which is not part of the SSA’s CAL Initiative.
However, as is the case of other disability claims filed with the SSA, applicants often find it difficult to obtain benefits. Often, the denials are based on high income, failure to meet the SSA’s disability determination criteria, inadequate medical information or lack of other necessary documents. Irrespective of the reason for the rejection, the applicant’s problems are not resolved. Therefore, when the applicant claims SSD benefits, it may be a wise idea for the applicant to consult a lawyer with knowledge in that particular area of the law.
Source: Alzheimer’s Association, “Checklist for applying for Social Security Disability and Supplemental Security Income benefits due to early-onset (younger-onset) Alzheimer’s Disease,” Accessed on Aug. 19, 2015


Scavenger Interactions With Oryx Gazella Carcasses in the White Sands Missile Range
Dr. Sarah Schulwitz
Lead poisoning from ammunition residues in carcasses and remains of field dressed, firearm-harvested game poses a potential threat to scavenging wildlife. To better understand the extent of this potential threat our study aims to quantify visitation of scavenging species interacting with Oryx gazella remains in the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) of New Mexico. We analyzed over 160,000 photos captured from motion-triggered cameras placed at kill-sites for hunts that took place during the summer (n=30) and winter (n=72) between August 2017-March 2018. We quantified species observed, their frequency, as well as presence for time of day and season. Raven, coyote, and adult golden eagle were the most frequent visitors (visiting 96%, 82%, 33% respectively); the least frequent included black bear, badger, and cougar (visiting < 5%). Additionally, golden eagle visitation increased during winter months, visiting 43% of carcasses, compared to 10% during summer. A similar trend in coyote behavior saw winter visitation at 96%, and summer at 50%. These results contribute to a baseline understanding of the relationship between hunted carcass remains and scavenging wildlife. When combined with additional hunter data, range managers will be able to assess and ameliorate the threat of lead poisoning to scavenging wildlife.
Pugel, Anton; Szymczycha, Zack; McClure, Christopher J.W.; Dunn, Leah; Parish, Chris; Juergens, Paul; Cutler, Trish; and Burkett, Doug, "Scavenger Interactions With Oryx Gazella Carcasses in the White Sands Missile Range" (2019). 2019 Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Conference. 135.


Canadian Forest Service Publications
Heat disinfestation of decay fungi found in post-mountain pine beetle wood. 2008. Uzunovic, A.; Khadempour, L.; Leung, K. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Mountain Pine Beetle Working Paper 2008-14. 12 p.
Issued by: Pacific Forestry Centre
Catalog ID: 31158
Series: Mountain Pine Beetle Working Paper (PFC - Victoria)
Availability: PDF (download)
In early stages of mountain pine beetle attack, blue-stain fungi associated with the beetle are the predominant microorganisms in the trees. As post-beetle standing trees age, a succession of other fungi occurs, including both sap- and heart-rot fungi, which may flourish in red- and grey- attack stages. In this study, 22 isolates from later stages of beetle-attacked wood were assembled, representing eight fungus species, to test the effectiveness of heat treatment to eradicate fungi present in wood, (including 56° C for 30 min (56/30) as adopted by ISPM-15 international standard) and whether slow drying/desiccation increased heat tolerance of selected isolates. Nine isolates survived 56/30, but all were killed by 61° C for 30 min. Results indicated that some fungi may increase their heat tolerance slightly if they have been slowly drying/desiccating prior to treatment. Considering the insulating capacity of wood and that industrial ovens achieve higher temperatures near the wood’s edge and longer core heating times in meeting the ISPM-15 target of 56/30 in the wood’s core, schedules that achieve 56/30 in the core will be sufficient to eradicate most undesirable fungi associated with mountain pine beetle. Also, naturally occurring, aggressive mould fungi will further reduce the chance of surviving fungi to escape from treated wood once it reaches the marketplace. It is hoped that these findings will improve the understanding of perceived versus real threats by fungal organisms associated with beetle-affected wood that may survive 56/30 under lab conditions, and prevent any unsubstantiated restrictive trade practices.


Delivering Contraceptive Lessons
Part 1: Tossing Out the Binary
We know it can feel tricky (at first) to discuss avoiding pregnancy in a way that includes everyone and every gender in the room. However, research shows that inclusive classrooms are necessary in supporting the diverse academic, social, emotional, and communication needs of all students. As educators, it’s of the utmost importance that we include all students in learning and prioritize their sexual health above our discomfort. With practice and confidence, you will ensure that your young people are seen and that they know you care about their health.
Part 2: What’s New These Days?
From Annovera to Twirla to Phexxi! Whew! Keeping up-to-date with birth control methods can be a full-time job! The good news is that some of the “new” methods are simply known birth control methods that have been tweaked and re-branded for marketing purposes. Let’s spend 30 minutes sorting out what methods are new, how these methods work in the body, and how to incorporate them into your existing contraceptive lesson plans. It’s also really important to include content about where young people can find birth control, especially when there may be limited options in their community.
Discover the magic of the Network.


BARCELONA – For the past four to six years, on the north side, the beaches of Barcelona have narrowed by six to ten meters each year. This is apparent from a study by the Barcelona Área Metropolitana Barcelona (AMB) region. The report also lists some possible solutions.
AMB‘s study shows, using successive aerial photos, how the coast at Montgat, Badalona and Sant Adrià on the north side of Barcelona has shrunk since 2017. A succession of storms hinders the natural recovery of the coast due to the deposition of sediment. Southerly storms in particular erode the beach and these storms have become more frequent in recent years.
The beaches of Barcelona are shrinking
As a result, the coast is slowly caving in. Furthermore, the facilities on the beach, such as stairs, decking and showers, are in danger.
The port of Masnou also appears to have an influence on the current directions along the coast. Due to the current around the harbour, the sand is deposited at the harbour mouth and not on the beach and the beach erodes.
The AMB report mentions some measures for the restoration and conservation of the beaches. The most important is to spray on sand to compensate for the loss of sand. Another is to build breakwaters all along the coast, thus dividing the long coastline into segments. The breakwaters break the waves and protect stretches of beach.
A kind of geotextile dykes can also be installed along the coast on the seabed. Geotextile is a permeable material that is often used to protect the soil in civil engineering. The geotextile does not harm the environment and can also be removed. The dikes dampen the waves and thus protect the coast.
In the short term, the Barcelona region will move the sand deposits in front of the harbour mouth of Masnou. At Montgat, five breakwaters, each 250 m long, will be constructed and 600,000 m3 of sand will be deposited on the beach. In Badalona, the region will annually replenish the beach with sand and in Sant Adrià a new breakwater will be built and they will spray 100,000 m3 of sand.


we’re focusing on a prominent name from Cornell University, Dorothy Cotton.
Cotton was born in Goldsboro, North Carolina and studied at three different
universities throughout her lifetime. She performed undergraduate work at Shaw
University, earned a BA in English and Library Science at Virginia State
College, and received a Master’s degree in Speech Therapy at Boston University.
During this time, Cotton was fighting for civil rights alongside Martin Luther
King Jr. He recruited her for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
(SCLC), where she was the only female Executive Staff member.
During her life, Cotton made great contributions to the Civil Rights Movement. She created the Citizenship Education Program (CEP) which taught disenfranchised citizens about the importance of fighting for their civil rights. In the 1980s, she worked at Cornell University as the Director of Student Activities, and she called Ithaca home until her death in 2018. If you want to learn more about her up close, you can visit her gravesite at Pleasant Grove Cemetery in Ithaca.
Dorothy Cotton’s work has taught others for generations in how to fight for their civil rights. She was at the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement and knew what needed to be done to ensure that others could get the fair treatment they deserved. Her work continues to inspire others today to fight for making their home a great place to live for all.
To learn more about Dorothy Cotton, visit https://www.dorothycottoninstitute.org/about-dorothy-cotton/about-dorothy-cotton-biography/
Last updated February 8, 2022


Graphene nanoribbon under the microscope.
(Image: University of Basel)
(August 27, 2015) Physicists at the University of Basel succeed in synthesizing boron-doped graphene nanoribbons and characterizing their structural, electronic and chemical properties. The modified material could potentially be used as a sensor for the ecologically damaging nitrogen oxides, scientists report in the latest issue of Nature Communications.
Graphene is one of the most promising materials for improving electronic devices. The two-dimensional carbon sheet exhibits high electron mobility and accordingly has excellent conductivity. Other than usual semiconductors, the material lacks the so-called band gap, an energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist. Therefore, it avoids a situation in which the device is electronically switched off. However, in order to fabricate efficient electronic switches from graphene, it is necessary that the material can be switched ”on” and ”off”.
The solution to this problem lies in trimming the graphene sheet to a ribbon-like shape, named graphene nanoribbon (GNR). Thereby it can be altered to have a band gap whose value is dependent on the width of the shape.
Synthesis on Gold Surface
To tune the band gap in order for the graphene nanoribbons to act like a well-established silicon semiconductor, the ribbons are being doped. To that end, the researchers intentionally introduce impurities into pure material for the purpose of modulating its electrical properties. While nitrogen doping has been realized, boron-doping has remained unexplored. Subsequently, the electronic and chemical properties have stayed unclear thus far.


Stem cells for multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects approximately 2.3 million people around the world, causing symptoms ranging from blurred vision to extreme fatigue and partial or complete paralysis. MS occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the central nervous system.
Nearly a dozen drugs can reduce the chance of an MS relapse, but none is able to stop or repair the damage that leads to permanent disability.
Now, a clinical trial at The Ottawa Hospital has shown that an intensive procedure involving stem cells and chemotherapy can do just that. The procedure is called immunoablation and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (IAHSCT). It completely wipes out a patient’s diseased immune system and regenerates a new healthy one using the individual’s own stem cells.
Drs. Harold Atkins and Mark Freedman enrolled 24 patients with aggressive relapsing MS into their trial. After IAHSCT treatment, clinical relapses and new brain inflammation completely stopped in all patients. In addition, 70 per cent were free from disease progression and 40 per cent experienced a lasting reversal of symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness and balance problems.
“Our trial is the first to show the complete, long-term suppression of all inflammatory activity in people with MS,” said Dr. Atkins, a stem-cell transplant physician and scientist at The Ottawa Hospital and an associate professor at the University of Ottawa. “This is very exciting. However, it is important to note that this therapy can have serious side effects and risks, and would only be appropriate for a small proportion of people with very active MS rather than those with a significant long-time disability.”
People interested in this therapy should speak with their neurologist, who can request a referral to The Ottawa Hospital MS Clinic or another hospital with experience in this area.


Virginia Estelle Randolph (1870–1958) became the first black Jeanes teacher in 1908. She was one of the most effective educators of her day. The Jeanes teacher program was fashioned after Randolph’s notable practices in Henrico, Virginia. Through the Jeanes movement, Randolph was instrumental in bringing about improvements in the lives of thousands of teachers, children, and community residents. Born in Richmond, Virginia, to parents who were slaves, her early years were difficult. Her father died when she was young, and she took her first job when she was eight years old. After attending schools in Richmond, she obtained a job teaching in a county school at age sixteen, and moved to the Henrico school three years later. Her many achievements there extended beyond the regular school week; she organized a Sunday School, and taught in it herself for five years. Randolph left the Henrico School when she became a Jeanes teacher, and spent time working in a number of states, including Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia. Her success led to expansion of the Jeanes movement, with Jeanes teachers supervising industrial education and building community support for black schools all over the South. The program was later broadened to include supervision of instruction in regular academic curricula. The Virginia Randolph Fund, established as a tribute to her in 1936, was merged with the Anna T. Jeanes Foundation, which had been renamed the Negro Rural School Fund. These funds were later merged with others to become the Southern Education Fund. It has been said that confusion over the role of the Jeanes teachers—whose successes were unquestioned—when desegregation was begun contributed to the death of the program. Many tributes to Randolph exist, including a Virginia museum named for her, which was designated a national historic landmark in 1976. She was living in Richmond at the time of her death.


What is SMArts?
Smarts is a Movement-Based
Arts Integration Educational Series for Grades 2 or 3
Smarts is experiential learning:
Learning that is fun!
Learning that sticks!
Learning that inspires!
Dance and Math
Elements of Dance, Bilateral,
Mirror, Slide & Rotational Symmetry
Dance and Science
Force, Gravity, Push & Pull
Balance & Counterbalance
Storytelling through dance & movement, ballet & cross-cultural dance expressions
Dance, Storytelling &
when attending a live performance.
Engaged & Interactive viewing of
Note: If your school is participating in a field trip to see a live performance of The Nutcracker, the field trip will take place instead of showing this recorded performance.
The Nutcracker Suite
Review & recognition of concepts learned across all subject areas.
Teaching Through Dance
SMArts is a unique, teacher-guided educational video series that uses dance and movement to construct and demonstrate understanding in Math, Science, Language Arts and World Culture.
SMArts meets both Arts and Common Core Standards!
Free to Schools
Offered at no cost to participating schools, SMArts promotes cooperation, collaboration & teamwork.
The program includes a comprehensive introduction to dance literacy highlighting diverse cultures. It is suitable for classroom or distance learning for 2nd and 3rd grades.
Integrating Arts & Academics
• Teach, integrate and reinforce knowledge
• Highlight diverse cultures
• Promote cooperation, collaboration and teamwork
• Develop areas of appreciation and creative expression.
Get kids up and moving!


School facilities maintenance affects the physical, educational, and financial foundation of the school organization and should, therefore, be a focus of both its day-to-day operations and long-range management priorities. As America's school buildings age, we face the growing challenge of maintaining school facilities at a level that enables our teachers to meet the needs of 21st century learners.
While the construction of new school facilities supports this task, many older buildings have developed modularly over time. A 1920s-era school may have gotten an addition in 1950, which in turn got an addition in 1970, and yet another addition in 1990. The task of caring for these old school buildings, some of which are historically or architecturally significant, at a level that supports contemporary instructional practices is substantial. At the same time, maintaining the finely tuned workings of new, more technologically advanced facilities also demands considerable expertise and commitment.
Thus, it is perhaps not surprising that facilities issues arise at all educational levels, pre-kindergarten through post-secondary, and all sites, both school buildings and administrative offices alike. Challenges arise in both new and old facilities, although the types of concerns may differ. For example, even a brand-new building may have problems with inadequate air circulation, which can lead to indoor air quality (IAQ) problems unless remedied. Older buildings, on the other hand, more frequently face age-related issues such as inefficient energy systems that can lead to uncomfortable indoor climate and high utility bills.
A sound facilities maintenance plan serves as evidence that school facilities are, and will be, cared for appropriately. On the other hand, negligent facilities maintenance planning can cause real problems. Large capital investment can be squandered when buildings and equipment deteriorate or warranties become invalidated. Failing to maintain school facilities adequately also discourages future public investment in the education system.
Planning Guide for Maintaining School Facilities


Rudolph Carl Virchow was a German doctor, anthropologist and pathologist , mostly known for his research of cellular pathology.
Rudolf Virchow was born on October 13th, 1821 in a farming family in town of Schivelbein, province of Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia. However little is known about his family and his early years.
Virchow attended Prussian Military Academy from 1839 to 1843, where he studied chemistry. Upon graduation he went to serve assistant at the Charité Hospital where he learned the science of microscopy.
Rudolf Virchow is best known for his cellular theory and related research. Virchow payed a lot of attention to clinical observation, animal experimentation and pathological anatomy, particularly at the microscopic level. He was first to state that cells are the basic building blocks of human organism, and that research of cells is the key to understanding diseases and how they work. Among other achievements, Virchow founded the medical fields of cellular pathology and comparative pathology. He also developed a standard method of autopsy procedure which is still in use today.
In August of 1850, Virchow married Ferdinande Rosalie Mayer with whom he had six children, three sons and three daughters. Rudolf Virchow died on September 5th, 1902, and was buried in the St. Matthews Cemetery in Schöneberg, Berlin.
Rudolf Virchow quotes
“Science in itself’ is nothing, for it exists only in the human beings who are its bearers. ‘Science for its own sake’ usually means nothing more than science for the sake of the people who happen to be pursuing it.”
“Belief begins where science leaves off and ends where science begins.”
“Belief has no place as far as science reaches, and may be first permitted to take root where science stops.”


I'm safely on the surface of Mars. GALE CRATER I AM IN YOU!!!
— Curiosity Rover (@MarsCuriosity) August 6, 2012
|First Pictures from Curiosity Rover on Mars|
BBC News - Nasa's Curiosity rover successfully lands on Mars: "The US space agency has just landed a huge new robot rover on Mars.The one-tonne vehicle, known as Curiosity, touched down at 0614 BST (0514 GMT) in a deep crater near the planet's equator after a plunging through the atmosphere. It is going to look for evidence that Mars could once have supported life. A signal confirming the rover was on the ground safely was relayed to Earth via Nasa's Odyssey satellite, which is in orbit around the Red Planet.The success was greeted with a roar of approval here at mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. The first pictures from the surface began to be fed back immediately. The mission has even already sent its first low-resolution images - showing the rover's wheel and its shadow, through a dust-covered lens cap that has yet to be removed. A first colour image of Curiosity's surroundings should be returned in the next couple of days.Engineers and scientists who have worked on this project for the best part of 10 years punched the air and hugged each other. The descent through the atmosphere after a 570-million-km journey from Earth had been billed as the "seven minutes of terror" - the time it would take to complete a series of high-risk manoeuvres that would slow the rover from an entry speed of 20,000km/h to allow its wheels to set down softly. After the landing, the flight director reported that Curiosity had set down at a gentle 0.6 metres per second. "We're on Mars again, and it's absolutely incredible," said Nasa director Charles Bolden. "It doesn't get any better than this.". . . "
Tweet Follow @johnmpoole


The Log4shell vulnerability for Log4j, CVE-2021-44228, the exploit that everyone talks about and that allows remote code execution on any vulnerable machine. Log4j is a common opensource log library in all kinds of “software” and services, such as iCloud, Steam or Minecraft.
The security teams of companies around the world have begun to patch the vulnerability made public last Thursday that allows remote code execution on vulnerable machines in a simple way. The “exploit” has been dubbed Log4Shell and is present in an opensource log library present in millions on the Internet called Log4j.
To activate the “exploit”, the cybercriminal has to get the vulnerable “software” to save a special string of characters in the “log”. From then on, the doors are open for hackers.
Marcus Hutchins, https://twitter.com/MalwareTechBlog security expert, has pointed out that “this log4j vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228) is extremely dangerous. Millions of applications use Log4j for registration, and all the attacker needs to do is for the application to register a special string (of characters). So far, iCloud, Steam, and Minecraft have been confirmed to be vulnerable. “
Hutchins delves into the case of the popular Minecraft video game, in which attackers were able to remotely execute code on their servers by publishing the chain of instructions required by the “exploit” in the game’s chat for Log4J to record it. Other security reports also include the servers of companies such as Amazon, Twitter and Cloudfare.
There are many proofs of concept available to test if you are vulnerable:
Mitre CVE offical page


Invasive fruit flies, such as the Oriental, Mexican, Mediterranean, and European cherry fruit fly, pose threats to many U.S. commercial and homegrown crops. If established, these flies could cause significant economic losses, requiring costly treatments to protect fruits and vegetables and reducing the marketability of infested fruit both locally and abroad. What’s at stake? The market value of invasive fruit fly-host commodities totaled approximately $11.7 billion in the United States in 2022. Approximately $8.3 billion of that was from California and $2.9 billion from Florida.
Fortunately, scientists from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) have found several tools that are effective in preventing fruit fly populations from becoming established. APHIS uses a mating disruption technology – or male annihilation technique (MAT) - to kill fruit fly species without harming other insects. A MAT trap combines a fruit fly male attractant with an insecticide. The mixture lures and kills the invasive flies without attracting beneficial insects. This eco-friendly technique is also more cost-effective than using traditional insecticides.
In Mediterranean or Mexican fruit fly – at-risk areas, APHIS can deploy another powerful tool - sterile insect technique. APHIS rears and releases billions of male sterile fruit flies that produce no offspring after mating. When used with other pest management strategies, these tools, which disrupt reproduction, can help eradicate invasive fruit fly populations.
“Using sterile insect and MAT, we can contain fruit fly outbreaks faster, while reducing pest management costs, insecticide use, and crop losses,” said Richard Johnson, National Policy Manager for invasive fruit flies. “These science-based technologies help growers who depend on bountiful harvests every year.”
Want to learn more about the technologies APHIS uses to protect American resources from invasive pests? Read Plant Protection Today or follow @USDA_APHIS on social media to keep up with the latest science in exotic plant pest management.


You might think your nostrils work together, sharing the responsibility of inhaling and exhaling air. The truth is that you typically only breathe through one nostril at a time. This phenomenon is known as the nasal cycle, and it’s a natural process that occurs in most people.
The autonomic nervous system regulates the nasal cycle, which controls many involuntary bodily functions, such as your heart rate and digestion. It’s characterized by alternating partial congestion and decongestion of the nasal passages, with one nostril becoming more open while the other becomes more congested. This cycle typically lasts between 1.5 to 4 hours and then switches sides.
There are several reasons for the nasal cycle. One is that it helps maintain overall nasal health by ensuring that one nostril remains moist and humid while the other dries out. This allows the cilia, tiny hair-like structures in your nasal passages, to effectively trap particles and prevent them from entering your respiratory system. Additionally, the nasal cycle allows each nostril to experience different airflow patterns, which can enhance your sense of smell.
Another possible reason for the nasal cycle is that it may play a role in regulating brain function. Some studies have suggested that breathing predominantly through the right nostril is associated with increased activity in the brain’s left hemisphere while breathing through the left nostril is linked to increased activity in the right hemisphere. This alternating pattern could help balance brain activity and cognitive function.
In conclusion, the nasal cycle is a fascinating and little-known aspect of human physiology. While you might have assumed that both nostrils share the workload when it comes to breathing, the reality is that you typically only breathe through one nostril at a time. This intriguing phenomenon plays a crucial role in maintaining nasal health, enhancing your sense of smell, and possibly even regulating brain function.
Haight, J. S., & Cole, P. (1983). The site and function of the nasal cycle. The Laryngoscope, 93(1), 49-53. doi: 10.1288/00005537-198301000-00010
Shannahoff-Khalsa, D. S., & Kennedy, B. (1993). The effects of unilateral forced nostril breathing on the heart. International Journal of Neuroscience, 73(1-2), 47-60. doi: 10.3109/00207459308987245


Behavior Chart Worksheet
Worksheet published on May 16th, 2017
Worksheet updated on June 26th, 2019
When it comes to teaching children proper behavior it helps a great deal to have a reward system in place in which the child can watch his or her progress grow. Such positive reinforcement helps with keeping children motivated to keep growing and working hard to learn good behavior and responsibility.
Especially when dealing with children with behavioral problems, having a reward system in place provides the right motivation because it gives the child a sense of control and accountability for both good and bad behavior. One helpful helpful tool for encouraging children to work hard to perform and behave well is a behavior chart.
About This Worksheet
This worksheet is a behavior chart. It is intended for children ages 5 and over and is particularly helpful for children with attention and behavioral issues. This behavior chart helps the child learn how to be accountable for his or her actions, responsibilities, and behavior.
It keeps the child engaged in learning positive behavior skills by allowing him or her to participate in their own growth, consequences and rewards. On this worksheet you will see the following questions: Did I listen to instructions? Did I follow the rules? Did I play nice with others? Did I work hard on learning new things? Did I finish my chores and homework?
The child is expected to be actively participating with this worksheet. At the beginning of each week help the child create a goal for the week to work toward. At the end of each day of the week review the behavior chart with the child. If the child completed the task, have him or her color in the happy face. If the child did not complete the task, have the child color in the sad face.
It is recommended to instill a reward system for the child to receive at the end of each week if his or her behavior met the agreed upon expectations between caretaker and child. If the child is in counseling it will be particularly helpful to have his or her mental health professional involved with the completion of weekly behavior charts.
Thank you so much for these great worksheets. They really help to simplify assessments for clients and help them feel empowered to explore so many aspects of self we are working to understand and develop further. Bless you for the great work you do!
Hi Suzanne, thank you for your feedback! I am happy to hear that you feel PsychPoint worksheets help clients feel empowered to explore themselves and grow in therapy.


In 1984 the Colorado Department of Local Affairs’ Division of Local Government convened a committee to discuss problems facing airports and the airline industry in Colorado. They published the results of their study in a booklet entitled The Colorado Community Air Service Assessment. This report studied air travel in various communities around the state, not just the state’s then-major airport, Stapleton International. After an introduction to the assessment, the booklet offers “A Historic Overview of the Air Transportation Industry and its Impact Upon the State of Colorado.” This history traces the development of air service in regions around the state. Next, the booklet covers how Coloradans perceive air service in their state; the airline industry perceptions of conditions in Colorado; and what external forces might influence the airline industry in the coming years. This analysis refers to the problem of congestion at Stapleton, which of course was replaced by the new Denver International Airport a decade after this publication was produced. This document is a helpful resource for anyone researching the history of air travel in Colorado.
- How to Spot the Differences Between Eagles and Hawks - August 16, 2021
- How Transportation Projects Help Tell the Story of Colorado’s Past - August 9, 2021
- Time Machine Tuesday: The Night the Castlewood Canyon Dam Gave Way - August 3, 2021


The legend of the Barcelos Rooster narrates the miraculous intervention of a dead rooster in the proof of the innocence of a man wrongly accused. Is associated with the seventeenth cruise that is part of the collection of the Archaeological Museum, located in the Palace of the Counts of Barcelos.
According to legend, the inhabitants of Barcelos walked alarmed with a crime, which had not yet discovered the criminal that committed. One day, appeared a Galician who became suspicious. The authorities decided to arrest him despite their oaths of innocence, he was just passing on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, in fulfillment of a promise.
Sentenced to the gallows, the man asked to be taken before the judge who had condemned. Granted authorization, led him to the residence of the magistrate, who feasted at that time with some friends. The Galician reaffirmed his innocence and, before the unbelief of the present, pointed to a roast chicken that was on the table and exclaimed: “It is so sure I’m innocent, as certain is that cock crow when they hang me.”
The judge pushed the plate aside and ignored the call, but when the pilgrim was being hanged, the roasted rooster stood up on the table and sang. Realizing his mistake, the judge rushed to the gallows and found that Galician was saved thanks to a sloppy knot. The man was immediately released and sent alone.
Some years later, Galician have returned to Barcelos to sculpt the Cruzeiro do Senhor do Galo in praise of the Virgin Mary and St. James, monument found at the Archaeological Museum of Barcelos. This is also represented by minhoto craft, usually clay, known as Cock of Barcelos and is a symbol of Portugal.


Motorists will be prohibited from driving vehicles older than 20 years on weekdays from 2019 in effort to cut emissions
Barcelona will ban cars that are older than 20 years from the roads during the week to cut traffic emissions by 30% over 15 years.
The measure – a joint initiative between the city council, the Catalan government and other metropolitan bodies – will come into force on 1 January 2019 and will cover Barcelona and the 39 surrounding municipalities.
Under the terms of the agreement, it will be prohibited to drive private cars registered before January 1997 and vans registered before October 1994 on working days.
Although the ban does not come into force for two years, those vehicles will already be banned from the roads during periods of high pollution from 1 December this year.
According to the city council, the move is likely to affect about 106,000 cars – 7% of the total in the area – and 22,000 vans (16% of the total).
“[The aim] is to reduce emissions by 10% over the next five years to gradually reach the levels recommended by the World Health Organisation and accelerate the adoption of more intensive local measures in order to reach the levels set by the EU before 2020,” the city council said on Monday.
Janet Sanz, the city’s deputy mayor for the environment, urban planning and transport, said the authorities were showing a united front to tackle the problem. Barcelona’s poor air quality is thought to cause about 3,500 premature deaths a year.
Sanz said: “The people of Barcelona have told us clearly in surveys that they want to fight against air pollution because it is a health problem of the first order.”
The city hopes to win people over by offering free public transport to those who give up their vehicles.
At the end of last year, the mayors of Madrid, Paris, Mexico City and Athens vowed to fight air pollution by banning diesel cars and vans from the centres of their cities by 2025.
This week, the WHO said pollution was responsible for one in four deaths among under fives , with the leading causes being toxic air, unsafe water and a lack of sanitation.


You and other people might think that the iron industry was only in the United States. But, it had to of come from somewhere right?
Where else was the iron industry?
-An iron blade was found in an Egyptian pyramid.
-By 5 B.C. there were small blast furnaces in China
-In Germany blast furnaces date to the 14th century
-In Spain forges date to the 8th century
-The Cranberry Bogs in Massachusetts was where they dug up bog Iron.
-The iron furnace in Kent, CT gave its’ name to the Kent Furnace in Kent, Ct.
-Sheffeild, England was where they invented crucible steel.
See? The iron industry most likely came here from Europe and Asia which was where it started.
This is America, not Europe!
The most likely reason as to why the iron industry started here was that the people that came to America from Europe brought with them ideas. One of these ideas probably was to start iron furnaces in the original colonies. If you’ve seen our ABOUT page, you’ll remember that John Adam Beckley originally set up the many Beckley Furnaces. Other people may have been inspired by him, or had already had other furnaces/forges which is how there were so many then and how there are still some around today.


Health & Fitness Guide
When the entire parts of health are balanced, bodily and mentally, we get the most profit. And importantly, the HHS bodily activity pointers stress that some movement is best than none, and regardless of how brief a spurt of activity is, it will probably still depend towards your weekly objectives.
Research shows that aerobic exercise is necessary for cardiovascular well being ( 19 ). (The intensity you choose must be primarily based on your current health degree and your doctor’s suggestions.) Examples embody walking, running, cycling, and swimming.
For instance, research constantly link bodily health with improved longevity. Simply as an Apple Watch or Fitbit isn’t a substitute for a doctor, Fitbit Premium isn’t one either. Instead of focusing on getting your whole day’s (or week’s) activity in a single go, Wickham advises integrating motion and exercise into your day-to-day life.
Throughout the board, bodily activity and sustaining fitness normally helps. Other Premium features include “dynamic workouts” that increase or lower exercise strategies based mostly on your feedback. As a result of fitness is the state of being bodily able to dwell the happy, fulfilling life you want "” the first and most obvious payoff of achieving health is high quality of life.
Physical Health Articles
The U.S. Division of Well being and Human Companies (HHS) recommends that, for basic health, adults ought to intention for one hundred fifty to 300 minutes of moderate bodily exercise or 75 to one hundred fifty minutes of vigorous-depth aerobic bodily activity every week.
AhlskogÂ JE, et al. Physical Train as a Preventive or Illness-Modifying Remedy of Dementia and Mind Growing old. On this information, we match assets to your train needs – at each health degree. For example, Premium provides detailed sleep guidance reports based on your sleeping data.
OrnishÂ D, et al. Impact of Comprehensive Life-style Adjustments on Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Males With Biopsy-Proven Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Five-Yr Observe-Up of a Descriptive Pilot Examine. As medical science continues to level to the indeniable benefits of normal exercise and following a nutritious diet, many people have begun instituting each day routines designed to make us really feel healthier and assist us live longer.


نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
1 استادیار گروه فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی دانشگاه آیت الله حایری میبد. firstname.lastname@example.org
2 استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی دانشگاه یزد. email@example.com
عنوان مقاله [English]
Some precious writings have been produced by scholars on the Divine knowledge. Molla Sadra has elaborately discussed this topic. He has considered the rule of "basit-ol-haqiqah kol al-ahsya' va laisah be kharej menha– the pure simple being is the whole being, and is not out of it" as the main point of this discussion.
Noticing God's knowledge of [his own] essence, Molla Sadra tries to prove God's knowledge of Himself before their creation and after their creation. Although I believe Molla Sadra's view on God's prior knowledge is comprehensive compared with his previous philosophers such as Sohrevardi and Ibn-Sina, but his idea has various problems and needs a more complete expression. Stressing on some introductions, I will try to prove God's prior knowledge of objects is an acquired knowledge; a kind of acquired knowledge that no more complete knowledge may be imagined beyond it.


Class III THOUGHTS
Class III demonstrates how your thoughts create your life on a moment-by-moment basis and how to break free from self-defeating thought patterns. Subconscious, ingrained programs influence our actions and relationships, causing undue stress. You may attempt to ignore troubling thoughts or to replace them with more positive ones, yet they persist.
What you believe shapes and attracts events in your life. Reflexive and unconscious thoughts drain your energy, diverting you from your optimal path. Without specific and targeted techniques like those in this class, eradicating negative thoughts is nearly impossible.
You’ll learn to consciously use your most powerful tool: intention, a life-changing skill. You will acquire techniques for rapidly eradicating self-limiting beliefs that create roadblocks. Advanced yogic practices can liberate you from negative concepts and beliefs. With practice, it can only take a few seconds to dispel a negative belief.
In Class III, you will:
- Gain an understanding of how thoughts create your reality.
- Eliminate disturbing thoughts.
- Easily and quickly eradicate harmful beliefs.
- Break through repetitive thought loops whenever they occur.
- Benefit from a clear and focused mind.
- Achieve objectives with far less effort.
- Learn the basics of how to create the life you desire through the conscious use of intention.
Class III is one full day and a short follow-up day for further questions, feedback, and guidance.


The University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) has launched a special COVID-19 website for pediatric health care providers and practices, parents, and children. This resource brings together important research, professional guidance for pediatric practices, and practical tips for parents and caregivers.
“It’s very important that our health systems are prepared. We want to make sure children are still vaccinated and have access to routine pediatric care that is essential to keeping children healthy,” said James Campbell, MD, UMSOM professor of pediatrics and an infectious disease specialist, who spearheaded the Kids & COVID-19 resource page.
The Kids & COVID-19 site includes resources for pediatric practices and hospitals including protocols, guidance and clinical resources for COVID-19. It includes, for example, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for sick and well-child visits, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data on disease burden, risk factors, and clinical presentation in children.
Kids & COVID-19 also is intended as a resource for families, providing educational videos for children about COVID-19 and important tips for talking to children about this disease.
“We want to make sure families, practices, hospitals, and any other child care providers have the COVID-19 resources they need in an easily accessible, central location,” Campbell said.


from charleston daily mail: Constitution Day is here and many teenagers know little about commemorating the document’s signing.
A study being released today by a foundation that focuses on journalism and the First Amendment found that 51 percent of high school students questioned had not heard of the day when they are required by law to learn about the Constitution.
The occasion is usually observed on or around Sept. 17, the day the document was adopted in 1787…
“We’re concerned that teaching to the test and the emphasis on math and science is hurting the American civics education,” Newton said.
Recent national tests show that more students are learning the basics when it comes to history and civics, but are not rising beyond a modest competency in either subject.
The report did find some encouraging news. For example, 68 percent of students said they had taken a class that dealt with the First Amendment, compared with 58 percent in 2004.
Constitution Day was created by Congress in 2004. It was the brainchild of Sen. Robert Byrd, D-W.Va., who carries a copy of the Constitution in his pocket. The law requires any school and college receiving federal money to teach about the Constitution on or about Sept. 17…
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Spitfire wings are very large and dominate the silhouette of the aircraft with their elliptical characteristics. They are also light and strong and very thin for their day when compared with the deep section which you would see on the Hawker Hurricane of the same period. Structurally, they are complicated beasts, but are practically the making of the Spitfire legend, along with the Merlin engine. R.J. Mitchell put everything he had learned working on the high speed Schneider trophy-winning aircraft into his design work on the Spitfire.
Shown at the top here is cross-section through a decommissioned wing spar from a wing now under repair. You can see the concentric square tubing that make up the spars in a Spitfire wing on this example. The drawing underneath shows how the various sections fit together to form the twin booms. These are reinforced by the spar ‘web’. The strength inherent in Spitfire wings is concentrated through this structure.
As we move outboard along the wing it gets much thinner. A wing tip of wooden construction is attached by two bolts. The upper section of each tube in the spar boom is cut away to reduce its thickness in a stepped manner so that at its extreme outboard end it is just a single layer of tubing. With a bracket on each to take the wingtip attachment bolt.
The wingtips themselves were of wooden construction with the outer aluminium skin screwed to the wood. They could be detached and replaced with a fairing to increase the roll rate of the Spitfire. This offers a major advantage in air-to-air fighting.
Being so complicated and comprising so many individual parts, Spitfire wings take up a major portion of the time and expense in any Spitfire restoration. We retain and reuse as many of the original structural parts as possible when rebuilding wings, for the dual reasons that preserving originality is of key importance, but also for the reason that a part that can be re-used doesn’t have to be made.
You can learn more about Spitfire wings on a hangar tour by visiting here or book a flight here


Early harvest information helps drive the national budget in Argentina, providing valuable planning information to identify potential food-insecure regions, anticipate transportation and storage demands, predict price fluctuations, and project commodity trends. However, crop yield estimates are currently subjective, based on interviews with qualified informants (i.e., farmers, agribusiness actors). In partnership with the Buenos Aires Grain Exchange, we leveraged Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), and Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM IMERG) NASA Earth observations to develop a Google Earth Engine (GEE) toolset to monitor vegetation growth. The first component of the toolset produces spatial and temporal maps of temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), allowing users to visualize the influence of the region’s climate and weather. Next, we developed an autoregressive model to predict NDVI several months in advance. Lastly, we created a linear regression model of crop yield and NDVI for soybeans, corn, and wheat, and input the forecasted NDVI to generate a predicted crop yield output. The NDVI model had an RMSE of 0.074 and at Zone 6 produced an R2 of 0.99, 0.89, and 0.54 at two, four, and six months, respectively. The crop yield model produced an R2 value of 0.84, 0.90 and 0.005 respectively for soybeans, corn, and wheat in Zone 3 after model calibration. This information is vital for vegetation growth monitoring by identifying areas of high growth and allocating resources to areas of lower growth to efficiently maximize crop yields.


Collection – Daily life and housekeeping II (from 1880)
These years were characterised by discussions in cultural and historical sciences about a new historiography, which also increasingly took everyday life into consideration. It was in this way that everyday culture could also establish itself as an independent category at the museum. The collection concentrates on the history of everyday life, culture and society of Frankfurt with a focus on the time between the 1930s and the 1980s. The collection is not so much about Frankfurt as a place of production, but rather about the stories that are connected to this.
The collection's two points of focus both centre around the household: With the help of the Kober donation in 2009, the plastic collection with over 600 objects from Eva Stille could be taken over. The collection allows us to understand how artificial materials were introduced to everyday life and how they increasingly caught on. They represent consumer behaviour and everyday practices in the first half of the 20th century. A small part of the plastic collection was presented for the opening of the Collector’s Museum in the exhibition “Early plastics. The collection of Eva Stille” in the 13th collector’s room. The non-ferrous metal collection also ties in with the extensive inventory of tableware and drinking vessels from earlier centuries. As well as many vessels such as pots, jugs or jars, there are also decorative objects from the household, which give an insight into the aesthetic habits of Frankfurt citizens.
Collecting everyday culture in the present must be clearly defined. The seemingly endless diversity – supposedly, every person owns around 10,000 things – and the limited storage space in the museum make it necessary to prioritise. Curators must also constantly reflect on how the profile of the current collection can be improved. This is why it is important to continue relating the object categories to the major events in (Frankfurt’s) history and society. An important criterion for admission into the collection is the history that is linked to the object. This close link between object and story allows for a dense description of everyday life of a few limited areas of Frankfurt citizens at different times.
In this way, topics that are very close to the present are also highlighted. A topic that is to be focused on more is cultural diversity or migration. Since 2008, a few pieces have been added to the collection through the museum’s exhibition “From foreigners to Frankfurters”. This partial collection will be researched more closely and expanded over the coming years.


Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main antibody found in the gut. Studies about effects of IgA are largely in the context of infection or inflammatory disorders. These studies suggest that IgA may play a crucial role in shaping the intestinal microbiome, where IgA deficiency in mice has been associated with decreased microbiome diversity. The exact mechanisms by which IgA is involved in establishment and stability of the gut microbiome are poorly described.
Researchers aimed to determine what interactions occur between IgA and commensal bacterium that facilitate colonisation of gut mucosal surfaces. Bacteriodes fragilis (B.fragilis) is one of the major species of the gut microbiome. Researchers previously showed that wild-type (wt) B.fragilis deficient in commensal colonisisation factors (ΔccfB.fragilis) have reduced ability to colonise mucosal surfaces. In this research article showed that 7 of the 14 differentially expressed genes between mice colonised with wtB.fragilis and ΔccfB.fragilis encoded Ig variable chains. These transcriptomic differences were not associated with difference in immune responses with both wt– and ΔccfB.fragilis strains inducing similar levels of IgA. However, wtB.fragilis had significantly higher coating of IgA compared withΔccfB.fragilis and IgA antibodies induced by ΔccfB.fragilis were unable bind to wtB.fragilis. This shows that while some pathogenic bacteria may use capsular proteins for immune evasion, B.fragilis uses these proteins for colonisation in the gut. Additionally, mice colonised with ΔccfB.fragilis, were observed to have increased microbial diversity with reduced mucosal colonisation compared with wtB.fragilis.
In summary, this study shows that some microbial species such as B.fragilis from interaction with IgA, which results in increased colonisation. Additionally, the study also provides a mechanism as to why mice deficient in IgA or B cells have reduced Bacteriodes colonisation. Thus is non-pathogenic setting IgA enables colonisation of commensal bacteria.
Journal Article: Donaldson et al., 2018. Gut microbiota utilize immunoglobulin A for mucosal colonization. Science.
Article by Cheleka AM Mpande


The upturned, bloated bodies of mountain whitefish litter the banks of the Yellowstone River at a spot typically thick with anglers and drift boats. The native species is being killed by a parasite that affects their kidneys. So far it hasn’t been found inside Yellowstone National Park itself, and the river’s prized wild trout appear to be fighting it off. But Patrick Byorth with the conservation group Trout Unlimited says the fish killed downstream of the park still hits like a punch in the gut. The magnitude of this kill is unlike anything our fish health specialists have seen before in Montana.
Not only is fishing now forbidden. People aren’t even allowed to float on the river or enter it at all to prevent the parasite from spreading. That means river guides in one of the world’s top fly fishing destinations are canceling reservations, and Byorth says tourists are going elsewhere.
Specialists are scrambling to get a good assessment of how far the parasite has spread, whether it’s affecting the Yellowstone’s hundreds of miles of tributaries and to sequence the genome of the parasite, which will help them understand exactly what they’re up against.
Biologists expect the outbreak will die down when the water temperature in the Yellowstone River drops next month, but they say it may take until next spring when the river level rises with spring runoff before things get closer to being normal again. At this point, they’re not making any firm predictions.
https://ieffc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/yellows.png291570Funkhouser Leehttps://ieffc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/logo.pngFunkhouser Lee2016-08-25 21:56:302016-08-30 22:05:19Yellowstone River Fish Kill
Inland Empire Fly Fishing Club
Welcome to the Inland Empire Fly Fishing Club. Our group has been actively promoting and supporting the conservation and management of fish and fishing waters since 1956. We are a Charter Member of the Federation of Fly Fishers having joined at the first FFF conclave in 1965.


The History of Anthropology Newsletter (HAN) is pleased to announce the upcoming publication of Dr. Robert Launay‘s new book Savages, Romans and Despots: Thinking About Others from Montaigne to Herder. Scheduled for release on October 1, 2018, Launay’s work traces how Europeans both admired and disdained unfamiliar societies in their attempts to work through the inner conflicts of their own social worlds.
A full description of the book can be found below:
From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, Europeans struggled to understand their identity in the same way we do as individuals: by comparing themselves to others. In Savages, Romans, and Despots, Robert Launay takes us on a fascinating tour of early modern and modern history in an attempt to untangle how various depictions of “foreign” cultures and civilizations saturated debates about religion, morality, politics, and art.
Beginning with Mandeville and Montaigne, and working through Montesquieu, Diderot, Gibbon, Herder, and others, Launay traces how Europeans both admired and disdained unfamiliar societies in their attempts to work through the inner conflicts of their own social worlds. Some of these writers drew caricatures of “savages,” “Oriental despots,” and “ancient” Greeks and Romans. Others earnestly attempted to understand them. But, throughout this history, comparative thinking opened a space for critical reflection. At its worst, such space could give rise to a sense of European superiority. At its best, however, it could prompt awareness of the value of other ways of being in the world. Launay’s masterful survey of some of the Western tradition’s finest minds offers a keen exploration of the genesis of the notion of “civilization,” as well as an engaging portrait of the promises and perils of cross-cultural comparison.
Jennifer Fraser: contributions / email@example.com
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A Research Study about Folk Poetry of District Badin
Sindhi poetry started with folk poetry. It started with the folk poets of Badin. The elements of folk poetry in Sindh are connected with the folk poetry of Badin. We find continuity in every period. Although the influence of folk poetry of Badin district has not been limited to specific regions, but to the whole of Sindh and the world. Prince Dodo‘s death is bravery, that‘s why people‘s belief is still established that there is success in sacrificing one‘s head for the sake of the country instead of bowing down to an opponent and oppressor. Honor is dearer than life; my garden is the honor of the nation. Such social, moral and patriotism points of view started from Badin. It can be reduced from that, folk poetry has proudly raised the shoulders of the Sindhi Nation. And from time to time, folk poetry is also playing an important role in Sindhi literature in terms of thought, in which among the folk poets of Badin, BhagoBhan, MarkhanSheikhan, SaanwanFaqir, MureedMaheri, Jaam Khan Chandio, Maulvi Ahmed Mallah, TalibLohar, KhairMuhammad ‘Khas‘ Muhammad IsmailShoro, Abdul Rahim Talpur ‘Hajan‘ are worth mentioning.


Hand cymbal or manjira is a traditional hand percussion instrument of India. It’s sometimes called manjeera, tala, jalra, khartal or kartal. Manjira has a significant importance in Indian folk music. Principally manjira is played within the aarti of Indian Gods & Goddesses for devotional music. Manjira in Tibetan style is referred to as tingsha which is a small for majira. These cymbals used in prayer and rituals by Tibetan Buddhist practitioners. Two cymbals are joined together by a leather strap or cotton string. Manjira is basically made of metal, but antique style cymbals are constituted of special bronze alloys that produce harmonic overtones. Even though Manjira is a small metal instrument, nevertheless it produces a sweet tinkling sound when struck together.
Hand cymbals manjira pair in with leather cords.
Manjeera Size: Width- 0.5″ x Dia – 2.5″, Weight: 135 Grams
Hand cymbals manjira pair can be utilized in prayer and rituals
Handmade by artisans of Uttar Pradesh in north India
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The Geography learning journey at Medstead Primary School ignites a curiosity and fascination within the children that will remain with them for the rest of their lives. Our teaching equips children with knowledge and understanding of natural and human environments in the UK, Europe and the wider world. We teach about diverse places and people, historic change and current geographical issues.
Geography begins in Early Years as the children discover the school and their location within it. Their child-led play takes place in our extensive school grounds and the children attend forest school in the woodland. Their hands on experiences help them to appreciate the environment and wildlife and they use this to drive environmental learning. Throughout Key Stage 1, the children continue to learn about their own country through studies of London and begin to look at comparative countries and geographical areas such as Antarctica and Africa.
The curriculum ensures that our older children continue to investigate their local area and environment through enquiry-based projects, whilst comparing this to other countries and cultures such as Scandinavia and the Brazilian rainforests. Our key questions cover aspects of geographical change and are linked to historic themes such as settlement, environmental pollution, industrial revolutions and changing world economics when relevant.
As the learning journey continues, we encourage children to use geographical vocabulary and their enquiring minds to ask questions as they explore the physical and human world around them.
Whenever possible, we immerse the children in their geographical learning through visits, enquiries and first hand experiences. We use a range of resources including primary sources, maps, online resources and virtual experiences.


غلام رسول مہر اور صبحِ آزادی
Keywords:Ghulam Rasool Meher, Punjab, Muslim league, Lahore,, Redcliff
This article is about the stormy era in South Asia. The turmoil surfaced in the Punjab when Khizer Hayat Tiwana stepped down from the premiership in March 1947. The political agitation started by the Muslim League, turned into communal strife in different parts of the Punjab. The main centres of violence were Lahore and Amritsar. The Muslims were overwhelmingly in favor of Pakistan as against two wishes of Hindus and Sikhs who wanted India to be kept instead. In these circumstances All India Congress impetuously passed two resolutions to divide Punjab and Bengal on Communal basis without realizing the fact that the same formula would be applied over the whole country.
Ghulam Rasool Meher wanted Pakistan to be constituted over Muslims majority provinces without any alteration of their area. He was disheartened by communal strife and was planning to move to Jallendhar for the rest of his life. The 3rd June plan which accepted Pakistan at the cost of division of Bengal and Punjab appeared to the Muslims of India as a bolt from blue. Meher was shocked and never reconciled with it. The ultimate price was uprooting of millions Muslims and non Muslims from their ancestral homes, loss of life and property. Meher lost his ancestral home, library and fertile pieces of land in Phulpore in East Punjab.Meher never expected a fair deal from Radcliff and anticipated loss of some important Muslim majority areas in the Punjab. He was bitterly against the other two factors closes in 3rd June partition plan. Unfortunately this clause decisively went against Pakistan.


Teens and TMJ
Our practice is proud to offer teens a comfortable and trusting dental home where they can be assured that the doctors and staff understand their unique needs.Our doctors are trained to look at facial growth, tooth placement and relationships with the jaw, the need for braces, nutritional counseling, hygiene aids, preventive procedures and behavior modifications. With that said, we are always sure to screen your teen for TMJ.
What is TMJ you may ask?
TMJ disorders are muscular AND skeletal issues related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the joint that connects the bottom jaw to the skull. TMJ disorders (also called temporomandibular disorders, or TMD) can cause discomfort in the head, neck, jaw or face; problems chewing or biting; popping or clicking sounds when opening and closing the mouth; and, occasionally, a jaw that can be locked open or locked shut. TMJ disorders can affect kids of any age, but are much more common in teens, especially girls.
Everyone has experienced some soreness or tightness in the jaw from time to time. Thankfully, they usually go away on their own within a day or so. However, occasionally this mysterious pain becomes worse – making it hard for your teen to smile, chew, or talk. When kids have symptoms like these, they’re likely to have developed a TMJ disorder, which may require treatment.
Causes of Teen TMJ
Often times your teen is under a lot of stress with school and extracurricular activities. This may lead them to grind or clench their teeth while sleeping – a huge factor in TMJ disorders. TMJ disorders also are more common in teens with other dental problems (like a bad bite), joint problems (like arthritis), muscle problems, or a history of trauma to the jaw or face (commonly seen in aggressive contact sports)!
What to do next?
If you think your child may be experiencing TMJ symptoms, call our office today at St. Charles Office Phone Number (630) 232-6661! Often times, we can advise you on some simple steps that you can do at home to alleviate pain and symptoms before the pain progresses.
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April is Parkinson’s Disease Awareness Month, which makes this a good time to learn more about this progressive nervous system disorder.
An estimated 1 million people in the U.S. and more than 10 million people worldwide are living with Parkinson’s disease, according to the American Parkinson Disease Association.
The signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be different for everyone. Early signs can be mild and go unnoticed. Symptoms often begin on one side of your body and usually remain worse on that side, even after symptoms begin to affect both sides. People with Parkinson’s disease can experience tremor, slowed movement, rigid muscles, speech and writing changes, and impaired posture and balance.
Risk factors for Parkinson’s disease include:
- Age: Young adults rarely experience Parkinson’s disease. It ordinarily begins in middle or later life, and the risk increases with age. People usually develop the disease when they are 60 or older.
- Heredity: Having a close relative with Parkinson’s disease increases the chances that you’ll develop the disease. However, your risks are still small, unless you have many relatives in your family with Parkinson’s disease.
- Sex: Men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease than women.
- Exposure to toxins: Ongoing exposure to herbicides and pesticides can slightly increase your risk of Parkinson’s disease.
Source: Read Full Article


Spearheaded by the Standing Rock Sioux Nation, more than 125 Native American tribes and various supporters have gathered in a camp of peace and prayer commonly referred to alternatively as The Camp of the Sacred Stone, or the Oceti Sakowin Camp, to prevent the further construction of the Dakota Access Pipe Line (DAPL), the destruction of their sacred burial grounds and sites, and to protect their river and underground water from inevitable seepage that will occur once the "Black Snake" is allowed to continue its destructive way across the Land.
DAPL will transport millions of gallons of crude oil across 50 counties and 4 States (North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, and Illinois) in 1171 miles of pipe at a cost of $3.8 Billion. The Pipeline crossing the Missouri and Cannonball River cuts through land that is sacred to the Sioux of the Standing Rock Reservation. Once they put out a call for help, tribes from all over the United States responded, sometimes putting aside long standing rivalries, and came to show their support in a historic gathering. There has not been such a gathering of Tribes in close to 100 years.
Aside from the threat to Sacred Land, the pipeline also threatens the environment. When (and not if - if history of pipelines is of any lesson) the pipeline breaks or leaks, the drinking water from the Missouri River would be immediately contaminated.
As of this writing, the Army Corps of Engineers has denied the easement necessary for DAPL to dig and cross under the Missouri river. A victory the Native Tribes take with a grain of salt. With Donald Trump winning the Presidential Elections, the chance of having an ally in the White House is zero. If Mr. Trump's statements are any indication and the Protectors are now prepared for a long and hard battles to come. This is not over."¨"¨This stand off is one of the most important stories of the past several decades as it touches many sensitive subjects: the oil industry, the environment, climate change, Native American life and sovereignty, and federal laws and treaties.


What is HPV?
HPV stands for human papilloma virus. HPV is a very common virus that spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact. It usually has no symptoms, so most people with HPV don't know they have it.
HPV is so common that almost everyone will have HPV at some point in their life.
There are over 100 different strains (or types) of HPV. Most cases of HPV go away on their own. However, some cases can cause warts and others can turn into cancer.
HPV & Cancer
There are 6 cancers linked to HPV: cervical, oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancer. The most common are cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. While cervical cancer occurs in women, about 80% of all oropharyngeal cancers occur in men.
HPV causes about 34,800 cases of cancer in the United States every year.
It can take years, or even decades, for HPV to turn into cancer. That is why it is important to get vaccinated early in life.
The HPV Vaccine
The HPV vaccine was first approved in 2006 to prevent 4 types (strains) of HPV. Since then, the vaccine has been updated to protect against 9 strains of HPV.
The HPV vaccine prevents 92% of all HPV-related cancers, and 90% of genital warts.
The vaccine is recommended for most children starting at age 11. It is usually given with the other middle school vaccinations.
The vaccine is given in a series of 2 or 3 shots. Between age 9-14, you need 2 shots within a year. After age 14, you need 3 shots to be fully protected.
Learn more about the HPV vaccine.
The best way to prevent HPV-related cancer is by getting vaccinated.
Starting at age 21, women (or anyone with a cervix) should get a pap smear every 3 years. This test checks the cervix for cell changes that may turn into cancer. Your doctor may also test your cervix for HPV.
Both these tests help catch any changes early and save lives.
There is no HPV test for men, or for the 5 other HPV-related cancers. That is why it is important we vaccinate all our children.


For the April issue of The Highlight, Vox shares learnings from the Colorado River drought crisis. The Western United States is in its longest dry spell in 1,200 years, and the ongoing mega-drought has been worsening for over 20 years. That has begun to throttle one of the main arteries of the West, the Colorado River, which powers the largest hydroelectric dams in the country, quenches the thirst of millions, and irrigates crucial crops that feed millions of people. This iconic river’s flow has fallen by 20 percent in the last two decades. Meanwhile, its two largest reservoirs — Lake Powell and Lake Mead — are at historic lows, prompting the Bureau of Reclamation to announce another round of historic cuts earlier last year. In this issue of the Highlight, Vox continues to investigate the cause of the drought, what we can learn, and how to prepare for something similar.
Contributors to the issue include Umair Irfan on the terrifying worst-case scenario for the Colorado River; Benji Jones on the eight species that depend on the Colorado River and what happens when the river dries up; And how we are going to pay for draining the Colorado River. Keren Landman on the Coccidioides fungus that lives in the soil of the southwestern US, Mexico, and Central and South America, causing valley fever, a severe infection that can cause disease in humans and animals.
The Highlight, in partnership with Apple News, is a dedicated home for the signature features, essays, and explainers that help our audience go beyond the headlines of the day to tackle the big ideas and issues that are changing our present and influencing our future.


Glioblastoma is the most deadly form of brain cancer in adults. This cancer is responsible for more than 12,000 brain-tumor diagnoses in the U.S each year. Extensive characterization of its molecular basis, largely made possible recently, through massive genomic studies –– has provided a comprehensive understanding of some of the major cancer-causing genes and aberrant pathways that underlie glioblastoma development, relapse and resistance. However, putative therapies that target these genes and pathways have so far shown little success in clinical glioblastoma trials. In the attached article and editorial, authors report their results from an elegant systematic screen aimed to identify therapeutic targets for glioblastoma that regulate the epigenome (i.e. multiple heritable chemical modifications that control gene activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence).
As often discussed in these GEITP emails, epigenetic modifications include DNA-methylation, RNA-interference, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. The presence of methyl groups on cytosine residues, and those on histone proteins (including methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation) –– around which DNA is packaged –– comprises such epigenetic effects. Collectively, these modifications can dictate whether genes are expressed or silent, typically in a cell-type-specific manner. Enzymes called epigenetic modifiers are responsible for establishing, maintaining, reading, and removing these modifications in a highly orchestrated, multifaceted manner.
Authors [attached] investigated the cellular requirements for epigenetic modifiers in glioblastoma, using cancerous cells derived from patients with glioblastoma, which were either grown in culture (which authors herein incorrectly use the term “in vitro”) or transplanted into the brains of mice (which authors herein correctly term “in vivo”). Surprisingly (and the main reason for sharing this as a GEITP email), the researchers found the candidate gene classes identified differed strikingly between experiments in culture vs in the inact animal –– with only three genes identified under both conditions. This study therefore underscores the importance of EXPERIMENTS IN THE INTACT ANIMAL, as compared with experimental results in cells in culture (in which so many artifacts can arise).
Nature July 2o17; 547: 355–359 (full article) & 191–192 (News’N’Views)


[More papers] [PDF Free-View full text 0.5] [PDF Printable full text 0.5M]
Peh-oe-ji, a Childish Writing?
Wi-vun Taiffalo Chiung
University of Texas at Arlington
Tai-oan-hu-sian Kau-hoe-po (Taiwan Prefectural City Church News; TPCCN), the first newspaper of Taiwan was published in the romanized Peh-oe-ji writing system in 1885. The editor and publisher of TPCCN, Rev. Thomas Barclay, mentioned about the Peh-oe-ji in the first issue of TPCCN “do not look down the Peh-oe-ji, do not regard it as a childish writing…” Barclay’s comment on Peh-oe-ji has pointed out the general people’s bias against the romanization in the Han character dominated society of Taiwan.
Peh-oe-ji means the scripts of vernacular speech in contrast to the complicated Han characters of wenyen (classical Han writing). Peh-oe-ji was introduced to Taiwan by Western missionaries in the second half of nineteenth century. Peh-oe-ji was originally devised and promoted for the purpose of religious sermons, and it was widely used among the church people prior to 1970s. Among its users, women were the majority. Those women did not command any literacy except Peh-oe-ji. This phenomenon reflects the fact that the traditional women with lower social status were not likely to be educated with Han characters, and they had to choose the ‘childish’ but easily learned Peh-oe-ji if they wished to be able to read and write.
This paper examines the relationships among the literacy, society, and orthographic users in the case of Taiwan. Interviews with Peh-oe-ji users as well as literature review were conducted for this paper. This study reveals the impact of Peh-oe-ji on Taiwanese writing as well as women’s role in the traditional Han society.


Category: Chamber Music , Recordings
Each movement is a 'Mandala' inspired by texts by William Blake (1757-1827): Mandala is an ornamental, mostly circular diagram in eastern Buddhist art or religion. It serves as an aid to meditation and symbolises healing and humanity as a whole with its ordered cyclic patterns. In analogy these pieces of music are circular and contain rhythmical patterns which are very simple but in strange way complicated (e.g., 5/4 beat or 11/8 beat or one in 4+3+2 partitioned 9/8 beats). Above all, these Mandalas are to be interpreted as follows: objectively and unyieldingly and, nevertheless, elasticly swinging! The end of the last movement should run out into the infinite (like a 'fade out' by a record production).
Publisher of notes/sheet music: , 1992
Additional remarks: contains 'Willst eine Welt du schaun...' by Enjott Schneider. Five pieces for pan pipes and piano
Records: CD Thorofon CTH 2142 LC 1958, 1999
Performers on recording: Ulrich Herkenhoff (pan pipes) and Matthias Keller (piano). Recorded in February 1992 in Neues Studio Wedemark.


“A place for everything and everything in its place.”
5 Simple Tips to Organize a Home Work Space
1. Clean up the study space and decide where everything should live.
2. Establish routines for maintaining the work space.
3. Make sure that you have some of the following:
- Shelves or crates to store books neatly
- Storage bins or boxes for supplies
- A sturdy desk or chair with room to work
- A good light for reading and working
- A junk drawer or bin for things that do not have a set location
- A small filing cabinet or box to store papers
- File folders for different classes
- A bulletin board or other place to keep reminders
- A trash basket for throwing out trash
4. Create a Home Supply List or an inventory of supplies that your student needs at home to be successful.
- Pencils, pens, pencil sharpener
- Crayons, markers, colored pencils
- Scissors, ruler, tape, stapler
5. Post a Ready-For-School Checklist by the front door. Include the things that your student needs for school each day so that they can get in the habit of remembering everything.
- Lunch/Lunch Money
- Water bottle
- Sports Bag
- Musical Instrument
- Shoes for PE


Communication networks, such as mobile phones and computers, could be unreliable during disasters, and electricity could be disrupted. Planning in advance will help ensure that all the members of your household - including children and people with disabilities and others with access and functional needs, as well as outside caregivers - know how to reach each other and where to meet up in an emergency. Planning starts with three easy steps:
Download the FEMA Family Communication Plan here
Create a paper copy of the contact information for your family and other important people/offices, such as medical facilities, doctors, schools, or service providers.
Make sure everyone carries a copy in his or her backpack, purse, or wallet. You should also post a copy in a central location in your home, such as your refrigerator or family bulletin board.
Have regular household meetings to review and practice your plan.
In a disaster, having a contact outside the area affect will help let people know how you are. Designate a point of contact for your household and make sure everyone (including the contact) knows who to get a hold of after a disaster.
TEXT IS BEST! If you are using a mobile phone, a text message may get through when a phone call will not. This is because a text message requires far less bandwidth than a phone call. Text messages may also save and then send automatically as soon as capacity becomes available.
Learn more at https://www.ready.gov/plan.


The Toastrack: These were a part of modern living and all households had them. Wealthy people had much more elaborate versions, compared with the two plain ones above.
The Toastrack Tram:
These trams were the workhorse of the Sydney tram system for more than 50 years.
Each tram had eight compartments, and eight doors on each side.
The tram could load and unload very quickly.
Inside, there is no corridor down the middle of the tram like on a bus.
These trams had lots of handrails and a full-length running-board
along both sides to help people get on and off.
You could open the windows and stick your head out.
There was a driver's compartment at each end.
The trams often ran in coupled pairs, as shown in the picture. One driver, with two conductors collecting the fares, staffed a vehicle that seated 160 people and could cram in many more people standing up.
Toastrack trams were the main ones used on the Bondi line, and they transported the huge crowds to Bondi Beach on hot summer days. Eat your heart out, 333 bendy buses. See these trams at the Loftus Tramway Museum.
|Remants of the Bondi Trams||Remants of the Sydney Trams||Remants of the Newtown Trams|


Smithsonian, Ohio zoo team up for world's first in vitro cheetah cubs
POWELL, Ohio - Two cheetah cubs have been born through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer to a surrogate mother for the first time through the efforts of scientists at the Smithsonian and in Ohio.
This is the third time scientists have attempted this procedure.
The male and female cubs were born to 3-year-old Izzy at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium on Wednesday, the zoo said in a statement.
A team observed the births through a remote camera and they are continuing to monitor Izzy and the cubs.
The biological mother of the cubs is 6-year-old Kibibi who has never reproduced and is too old to easily become pregnant naturally.
For the embryo transfer procedure, scientists collected semen from a male cheetah living in at wildlife center in Texas in February 2019 and froze it.
Kibibi's eggs were extracted and then fertilized in a Columbus Zoo laboratory on Nov. 19. The early stage embryos were implanted into Izzy on Nov. 21, and an ultrasound reveled she was pregnant with two fetuses about a month later.
Dr. Randy Junge, the zoo's vice president of animal health, said this development could have broader implications for managing the species' population in the future.
The Associated Press contributed to this report


Wider Curriculum Overviews
On this page you will find the overviews for every curriculum subject in KS1 and KS2.
Each overview identifies the areas of the subject that will be covered during each half term over the year.
We ensure every child access their full entitlement to the national curriculum and exciting, engaging lessons are planned to ignite the children's enthusiasm for acquiring new knowledge and skills. We plan for opportunities to revisit key learning to that the children are able to remember learning in the long term.
RSHE and PHSE
Art and Design
Design and Technology
Our updated RE curriculum will be published in the Spring term 2022
Files to Download
CASPs PE Yearly Overview.docx Science Yearly overview.docx RSHE + PHSE Curriculum (draft).docx History Yearly Overview 2021-2022.docx Computing Yearly Overview .docx CASPS Design and Technology Yearly Overview.docx MFL- French overview .docx Geography Yearly Overview Key Objectives CLIFFORD .docx CASPS Art and Design Yearly Overview .docx Progression of music skills map Clifford 2021 .docx


Erosion of beaches may be both natural and human-induced and is a result of loss of sediment. Natural erosion is caused by the impact of waves. Beaches are dynamic, with normal fluctuations in sediment levels during the course of a year. Typically, there is ‘natural’ erosion during the stormy months (November to April) with recovery during the calmer period (May to October). These systems are described as being in ‘dynamic equilibrium’. Where recovery does not occur or erosion is exacerbated due to human activities, beaches become unstable and shoreline retreat follows.
The closure zone is demarcated on its seaward margin by an imaginary line beyond which there is no onshore movement of sand. In addition, improper and excessive cross-shore drainage can lead to the migration of sand offshore. Sometimes coastal structures intended to protect property have the unintended effect of exacerbating wave energy and resulting in beach erosion. In addition, it is thought that the extraction of fuels in marine sediments (oil and gas) since the 1960s may have led to the subsidence of nearshore areas and coastal erosion.
In Trinidad the areas most significantly affected by coastal erosion are along the south coast, the southwestern peninsula, and certain sections of the west and east coast. In Tobago however, one of the main influences on coastal erosion is the quarrying of beaches and rivers for construction aggregate. Coastal erosion reduces the aesthetic value of the beaches, hampers tourism and associated recreational activities, weakens bridges and other structures, undermines the stability of coastal roads, and causes loss of habitat.


Language learning has become a big hobby among the youngsters these days. Besides doing other courses, these youths are learning modern languages English, French, Spanish, German et al. But now in addition to being only hobby, languages are providing great career options. Here in this article, we are discussing with you about Spanish Language and its scope.
About Spanish Language –
Spanish is one of the easiest modern languages. It is surprising that around Five Hundred and Twenty Seven million people across the world speak Spanish. 21 countries use this language as their official language.
The countries where people use Spanish as the official language are –
Spain, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico etc.
Spanish is one of the five Official Languages of United Nations. Also it is one of the top five spoken languages of the world.
Scope/ Career/ Future after learning Spanish Language –
With the pace in globalization, the peoples of different countries are coming together. India is also expanding her business with all the countries including the above countries. With the Make in Programme and Tourism, we are also expecting more and more foreigners to visit India.
Obviously, we shall come across a no. of people who know Spanish. To interact with such people, the companies, hotels, restaurants will require staff that can communicate in Spanish language. Therefore, there is the unprecedented rise in the demand of such people.
Check the scope for the Spanish knowing people –
In MNCs and International Banks – People having complete hold on two or more languages ( Spanish + English) can get jobs in such organizations.
As a Teacher –
There is a growing demand of the teachers who can teach Spanish in all International Schools and good colleges. So people having good knowledge besides having some degree / diploma in Spanish can try their luck here.
Besides, the other places where people with fluency in Spanish can try –
BPO, Telecom Companies, Publishing Houses, Translators, Various Jobs in Embassies etc.
In addition, we can enjoy literature and music created in this language.
So there are myriad scopes for those who have good competence of Spanish Language. However, besides this language, these people must have good knowledge of English.


If you’re concerned with malware, you have to protect your personal computer with anti virus tehnology. Antivirus software, which in turn protects your personal computer from goes for by infections and spyware and adware, is essential in keeping your computer safe. Anti virus solutions can be found in many different flavours, including standalone products, cloud-based versions, and Unified Hazard Management. It is recommended to choose a software program antivirus that works for your particular needs, and remember that the most trustworthy antivirus security software products will protect https://mytechtips.net/board-software-for-advanced-work you coming from both known malware and new zero-day threats.
Malware spread quickly these days. Subsequently, most existing antivirus software simply runs files designed for virus signatures, but IBM researchers have created a new system that can prevent these people from growing. Most existing antivirus applications are slow and unreliable, requiring users to download a new virus repository periodically. To assure your pc’s safety, you should use a new anti virus application as soon as possible.
Good antivirus security software software can identify the malicious code in a record or a procedure, and it can also check network traffic connected with running programs. This way, it might detect and block spyware and adware or perhaps legitimate-yet-risky program. Good ant-virus software may even detect and eliminate harmful web surfing, adware, and unpatched software. It can also detect potential weaknesses in application, including those that may cause serious destruction.
Although many antivirus programs are not able to detect these types of threats, many businesses tout their very own latest versions as the best. Most distributors sell a number of anti-virus software, but the claims typically outstrip advancements. For instance, IBM’s virus recognition system is without commercial discharge date but, but really scheduled to begin a trial program with hardly any customers. Naturally, the company paths Symantec, which accounts for 60 percent of anti-virus computer software sales. Nevertheless , it’s important to understand that the Internet is a vehicle that enables the spread of a virus more quickly than a floppy disk.


Five reasons why nuclear energy will destroy the planet
Nuclear energy is used to produce electricity, without using up the world’s natural sources of energy like fossil fuels. But it looks like that the nuclear energy is doing more harm than good. Here are five reasons why nuclear energy will destroy our planet.
1. Nuclear energy will not be able to fulfill the needs of electricity. Nuclear power is expensive, and it ‘s hard to get rid of the waste produced. Countries who are depending on nuclear energy are not thinking of any alternative means of generating electricity. So, eventually, they will be using up their money on nuclear plant production without any fruitful result.
2. Nuclear power station uses up many resources. It needs many rare metals in the construction. So, if we continue constructing nuclear power plants, there will soon be depletion of these precious metals, and it will affect the environment.
3. About 20.5 km2 of land is required to construct one nuclear plant. The nuclear power station, enrichment plant, exclusion zone, ore processing, etc. must be accommodated in this space. The nuclear reactors also need to be located away from population zones. 15,000 such locations are required to fulfill the requirements of nuclear energy. This is difficult to find.
4. Nuclear power station must e decommissioned after 40 to 50 years of operation. This is because cracks develop on the metal surfaces because of radiation. If you need to replace nuclear stations every 50 years, then every day one nuclear plant must be built. It takes 6 to 12 years to develop a nuclear station and 20 years to decommision one station. So, the rate of replacing nuclear plant is unrealistic.
5. There are chances of accidents due to the construction of nuclear power plants. So, far 11 nuclear accidents have taken place. These accidents cannot be stopped even with the improved safety technology. If we can build 15, 000 reactors, then we can expect a major accident in some part of the world every month.
With the cost, resource requirements and complexity over nuclear power, it is better to invest our money elsewhere. It’s time we start searching for alternatives.