In their natural habitats, every creature on earth helps create a balance that allows the environment to flourish. This biological fact is part of the mechanics of Planet Earth. But the animal world offers humankind another benefit, for animals can be powerful examples of behavior.
In Ethics of the Fathers (5:20), Judah the son of Taima says: “Be bold as a leopard, light as an eagle, swift as a deer and strong as a lion to do the will of your Father in Heaven.” Using animals as examples, Judah the son of Taima sought to encourage people to be strong in their devotion to the Torah even when it is difficult.
In the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch (an abridged compendium of Jewish law, published in 1870) Rabbi Shlomo Ganzfried defines these particular character traits:
1) Bold as a leopard refers to feeling proud about worshiping God. Too often we allow the opinions of friends and colleagues to get in our way when striving to do what we know is right.
2) Light as an eagle refers to what one sees. An eagle flies fast, taking in great expanses of land but only focuses on prey that will nourish its body. So too, a person must focus only on that which nourishes the soul.
3) Swift as a deer refers to hurrying to do good things. Don’t delay in performing a mitzvah; run to do it!
4) Strong as a lion refers to being strong of heart. It is easy to be diverted from the path of good deeds.
This Treat was originally posted on November 10, 2008
Copyright © 2011 National Jewish Outreach Program. All rights reserved.


The death of King Edward IV
During the turbulent years of the Wars of the Roses, Edward IV reigned not once, but twice taking the crown for the Yorkists. His military skills and physical prowess earned him his reputation and fame. He was also an imposing figure reputedly standing 6 foot and 3 inches tall – almost a whole foot taller than the average male of the time.
Edward was famous also as being something of a womaniser, allegedly having a number of mistresses. He went against convention and married a woman of his own choice, much to the frustrations of his advisers who were looking to make a politically advantageous marriage for him. His choice was Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a Lancastrian knight, Sir John Grey, with two young sons. Together they had ten children, three sons, Edward, Richard and George. George died at the age of 2, whilst Edward and Richard were to be remembered through history as the Princes in the Tower. Of their seven daughters two died young, one took the veil and became a nun, three married well and one, the eldest Elizabeth was to become Queen of England when she married Henry Tudor, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster.
As a result of years of over indulgence, Edward gained weight and suffered poor health much like his grandson was to do. It is recorded that “the king had started to get fat”, with even his doctors commenting on his eating habits. On 30th March 1483 Edward became ill after apparently catching cold on a fishing trip. We do not know what the cause of his illness was, although it has been suggested that it could have been Pneumonia or typhoid, or even poison. Edward died on 9th April 1483 at Westminster Palace, but not before recovering sufficiently during the preceding days enough to make amendments to his will which named his brother Richard of Gloucester Lord Protector, in preparation for his 12 years old heir Edward’s ascension to the throne.
Edward’s death was responsible indirectly for one of the most famous mysteries in history – what happened to his sons, the uncrowned king Edward V and his younger brother Richard.
Edward was to be buried in St George’s chapel at Windsor Castle, which he had commissioned to be rebuilt, a task that was not to be completed until 1528 on the orders of his grandson Henry VIII
Taegan and Caz


Dr. Peggy Velayo
Why should Blepharoplasty Surgery only be done by an Ophthalmologist?
Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure performed on the eyelids to remove excess skin and fat, and improve the appearance of the eyes. While blepharoplasty is typically considered a
cosmetic procedure, it can also be done for medical reasons, such as to improve vision in cases where excess skin on the upper eyelids obstructs the field of vision.
An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions, and is trained in performing surgery on the eyes and surrounding areas.
Because blepharoplasty involves operating on the delicate skin and tissues around the eyes, it is important that the surgeon performing the procedure has a thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the eyes, as well as the potential risks and complications that may arise during or after surgery.
Additionally, ophthalmologists are experienced in managing the medical conditions that may affect the eyes, such as dry eye syndrome or glaucoma, which may need to be addressed before or after surgery. Therefore, it is generally recommended that blepharoplasty be performed by an ophthalmologist with the appropriate training and expertise in this area.


It's no secret that ultra-processed foods, such as chicken nuggets and meatballs, have been connected to health issues like high blood pressure and heart disease. Now, researchers are adding cancer to the list, according to a new report.
European researchers from universities and health institutions recently conducted a study, published in the British Medical Journal, to assess the association between cancer risk and ultra-processed foods.
This is the link between processed foods and cancer https://t.co/8O8b5kXMlu— TIME (@TIME) February 16, 2018
Ultra-processed foods include packaged breads and snacks; confectionery and desserts; sodas and sweetened drinks; and meat balls, poultry and fish nuggets.
For their assessment, they examined the medical records and eating habits of about 100,000 adults. The data also kept track of the patients' consumption of 3,300 different foods.
After analyzing the information, they found that a 10 percent increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods was linked to a 12 percent rise in cancers.
"If confirmed in other populations and settings, these results suggest that the rapidly increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods may drive an increasing burden of cancer in the next decades," the authors wrote.
Ultra-processed foods 'linked to cancer' https://t.co/XzRDyVlVmH— BBC News (World) (@BBCWorld) February 15, 2018
Despite their results, scientists were not able to definitively say that ultra-processed foods cause cancer. That’s why they are hoping to continue their investigation to confirm their findings on a larger scale.
In the meantime, they are encouraging policymakers to encourage companies to reduce the production of ultra-processed foods.
"Policy actions targeting product reformulation, taxation, and marketing restrictions on ultra-processed products," they wrote, "and promotion of fresh or minimally processed foods may contribute to primary cancer prevention."
More 'ultra-processed food' increases your risk of cancer, according to new research.— BBC Breakfast (@BBCBreakfast) February 15, 2018
But what are ultra-processed foods? pic.twitter.com/jP9qrxavK5
About the Author


I don't know what's wrong with the flowers, llorona,
the flowers in the graveyard.
because when the wind moves them, llorona,
it looks as if they are crying.
Alas for me, llorona, llorona,
llorona, take me to the river.
And cover me with your shawl, llorona,
for I am dying of cold.
Two kisses I bear in my soul, llorona,
that never leave me….
the last one from my mother, llorona,
and the first one I gave you….
--Mexican folk song. "Llorona" means a weeping woman. There are many legends of La Llorona, but the one I prefer is that she is Malinche, the clever young Indian woman who helped Cortez conquer Mexico. Malinche
was a real person, enslaved by the Aztecs. Cortez called her Doña
Marina. She later had a son with Cortez and he provided for her, but
she died young. Because she helped the Spaniards conquer Mexico, she is
said to wander through the land weeping. These are just some of the many verses of the song.
No sé que tienen las flores, llorona,
las flores del camposanto
que cuando las mueve el viento, llorona,
parece que están llorando.
Ay de mí, llorona, llorona,
llorona, llévame al rió....
y tápame con tu rebozo, llorona,
porque me muero de frió.
Dos besos llevo en el alma, llorona,
que no se apartan de mí….
el último de mi madre, llorona,
y el primero que te dí….


The properties of magnesium chloride anhydrous are white lumps/flakes/powders. The melting point of magnesium chloride anhydrous is 714°C and the boiling point is 1412°C. Compared with magnesium chloride hexahydrate and magnesium chloride dihydrate, it has strong deliquescence.
Its physical and chemical properties are basically the same as magnesium chloride hexahydrate. It is widely used in the production of metal magnesium and in the fields of chemistry, light industry, coal, and construction.
To determine whether the product is real magnesium chloride anhydrous, the magnesium chloride manufacturer will tell you the following simple methods to identify it.
1. Appearance discrimination method: magnesium chloride anhydrous is generally a white powdery solid in terms of the appearance, while the appearance of hydrous magnesium chloride is generally crystalline, but some hydrous magnesium chloride is also powdery in appearance, such as magnesium chloride hexahydrate .
2. Weighing discrimination method: Compared with other methods, the weighing method is the simplest method, because the water and magnesium chloride anhydrous have different molecular weights.
3. Heating method: The heating method is to put a small amount of magnesium chloride in the test tube to stop heating. If there is water droplets on the test tube wall, it is water magnesium chloride, otherwise it is magnesium chloride anhydrous.
4. Determination of molecular weight method: This method is to distinguish it from the molecular level. Generally speaking, it is the most accurate to distinguish magnesium chloride from the molecular level. Quantitative chemical analysis of molecules is used in this operation.


Differences between Strategy and Policy
Strategy vs Policy
The following are some of the differences between strategies and policies.
1. Policies are guidelines or paths of action to reach the goals, while strategies are major courses of action or patterns of successful action to achieve the objectives. They are intended to meet and fight against a certain competition, much larger and apparently more powerful than the enterprise itself by using its resources in the best possible manner.
2. A policy embraces both thought and action, while strategy concentrates mostly on action, i.e.,it is most action-oriented.
3. A policy usually spells out a certain course of action/approach to reach the set objectives, the strategy outlines one’s approach to meet competitive situations, uncertainties, risk and insecurity likely to arise in the future.
4. Business policy lays emphasis mainly on long-term growth, through a set path of action for achieving the goal; whereas strategy’s main concentration is on meeting a competitive situation; and therefore, they have a short or medium-term target before them.
5. Business policy is an overall guide/path of action that sets the limits and the direction of managerial action; while a strategy is deployed to mobilize the available resources in a marketing campaign to explore new markets or to consolidate the existing one in the face of free competition through a vigorous dvertising campaign.
6. In business policy, some of the implementation part of the process can be delegated to the subordinates, such delegation is not possible in business strategy, nor even desirable.
7. Finally, whereas a policy is concerned with the estimation, availability, application, conservation, and improvement of resources of a firm to utilize them to the optimum benefit of all, a strategy is only concerned with the mobilization of available resources and their deployment on different aspects of competition.
Thus, it should be noted that a strategy is:
- An action plan of the firm, and action decisions in specific directions;
- A long-term design chartered to fight competition in marketing campaigns;
- An application of available resources for effectively meeting a competitor in the market;
- The result of policies; and
- A broad line of action to meet uncertainty, risk and insecurity that may arise in future so that these can be met effectively.
Policies cover the broad aspects and strategies are specific oriented.
The differences between policies and strategies in a nut shell.


One Click and We'll Give You Millions
While Data.gov lists its holdings at almost 400,000 datasets, the fact is, Data.gov is the link to millions of public datasets.
Many Federal agencies post their data collections on Data.gov as single entities. In addition, Data.gov is host to tools, widgets and gadgets that each accesses thousands of datasets.
These collections run the gamut of topics. For example:
- 2011 Code of Federal Regulations in XML. It’s not surprising that the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Federal agencies would reach 100 MB in size.
- Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office (GLO) Records System. About 10 million records. The GLO holds U.S. land title information images, including patent images, survey plats, field notes and master title plats.
- EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) Exporter Data. ECHO shares data related to water, air, waste, and drinking water regulations, along with information on facilities violating the Clean Water Act and tools that compare water quality trends and generate interactive maps that link to state dashboards.
- Farmers Market Geographic Data. Longitude and latitude, state, address, name, and zip code of nearly 8,000 Farmers Markets in the United States.
- Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) Database. Records of more than 1,000 government advisory committees from 1972 to the present.
- NASA Image Exchange (NIX). A collection of more than 500,000 multimedia records from NASA’s missions and projects.
- Patent Grant Bibliographic Text (1976-present). With 4,000 patents being issued each week, this database contains about 10 million records. Like many agencies, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office is a wealth of data. We’ve also got the Patent Classification Files since 1790.
Data.gov is not about the numbers but the quality of our holdings. Still, it’s important to realize that a vast storehouse of data can be found behind just one little click.
Sally Ruth Bourrie of Phase One Consulting Group supports Outreach and Communications at Data.gov.


WSL or Windows Subsystem for Linux lets developers run Linux environment on windows. You can run Linux tools and apps on windows with the help on WSL. There are two versions of WSL and we will install WSL2 in this tutorial which is the latest version and is recommended by Microsoft.
There are multiple ways to install WSL. You can directly download an Linux distribution from windows store and it will install WSL2 and your chosen Linux distribution.
The way recommended by Microsoft is by using command line. In this tutorial we will install WSL using command prompt.
Step 1: Open command prompt
command prompt in the search box on the taskbar. If you do not have a search box then you can click on the search icon and start typing. If you do not have that too. You can click on the windows button and start typing command prompt to search for it.
Once you find the
command prompt right click on it and click on the
run as administrator on the popup menu.
Step 2: Install WSL2
Run following command in the command prompt window to install WSL2. This command will also install ubuntu which is the default Linux distro for WSL. You can always install other distros afterward.
Windows will start downloading and installing the WSL2 and then Ubuntu to set up the Linux environment.
Step 3: Set up UNIX user and password
After the installation it will ask for a
Unix username. You can choose any username it does not have to be same as windows username. Type your username and press
After the username it will ask for
password. Type a password of your choice for this user and press enter.
If everything goes well WSL2 and ubuntu will be successfully installed on your system.
You can verify WSL by using this command
This is will you a screen like the pic below.
I you face any problem please comment below.


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Intending to build an internet where your data remains yours, they envision a ‘world computer’ where a decentralized model enables you to store user data on nodes instead of centralized servers. Ethereum is a big stepping stone towards a truly permanent web movement and against centralization, the ‘original sin’ of the internet. Many years into its launch, it still remains the first choice of most blockchain developers.
Blockchain is usually associated with bitcoin. This, although partially true, needs an update since it is a very small part of blockchain and has allowed blockchain to evolve way beyond the original seed that bitcoin was. One of the best examples of this growth is Ethereum. It is a foundation of the new era internet.
Ethereum, like other blockchains has its native cryptocurrency called ether, and can be used to make digital payments anywhere globally. The way it decentralizes is that Ether is not owned by any government or a private entity. But that does not remain the only outcome of Ethereum as a development framework, Ethereum also makes internet decentralized through a neutral, open-access infrastructure.
Since it is a programmable blockchain, we can build apps on the platforms. These apps are decentralized- added benefits from blockchain and cryptocurrency technology. These dApps are not controlled by a single entity giving the power of their data back to the users.


MCX Connector (micro coaxial connector) are coaxial RF connectors developed in the 1980s. They have the same inner contact and insulator dimensions as the SMB connector but are 30% smaller. MCX is standardized in European CECC 22220
MCX connectors use a snap-on interface and usually have a 50 Ω impedance (some are 75 Ω) . They offer broadband capability from DC to 6 GHz. The contact surfaces are gold-plated.
The outer diameter of the plug is approx 3.6 mm or 0.140 inch.
MCX and the smaller MMCX connector are frequently used to connect external antennas to GPS receivers. They are also common on USB DVB-T tuners for computers and laptops, to connect an external antenna to the tuner. The MCX connector is also being used on at least some of the new generation of mostly inexpensive software-defined oscilloscopes and/or signal generators such as the DS212. This is a low frequency application, at most a few MHz bandwidth, so the electrical performance characteristics are relatively unimportant, however the small size would appear to be an important feature.
It seems we can’t find what you’re looking for. Perhaps searching can help.


🦅 Smart camera system saves endangered birds from wind turbines deaths
A camera system saves endangered birds by stopping the wind turbines before the birds hit them - leading to an 82% drop in fatalities.
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Renewable energy is growing fast and is expanding across the globe. Wind turbines are one of the best options for renewable energy. There is a backside though. Wind farms have been proven to kill birds with their blades. But now there is a solution that will help protect birds.
A new camera system, designed by IndentiFlight, uses AI and high-precision optical technology to stop wind turbines from spinning when the system detects eagles or other endangered bird species close by. The system has already shown significant results in lowering the fatalities. The system also uses AI and machine learning to continuously improve and thereby save more endangered bird species from dying.
How does the IdentiFlights system work then?
The new camera system discovers the presence of birds and then, thanks to AI and high-precision optical technology, it figures if the bird is endangered or not. If it is, the turbines stop spinning before the birds can hit them. The cameras can notice a bird from 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) away. Interesting Engineering writes “The images are processed, determine velocity, trajectory, and position within seconds of detection. These optical towers operate autonomously, detailing, classifying, and curtailing potentially harmful wind turbines.“
The study on IdentiFlights new system explained that the “curtailment system” resulted in an 82% drop in eagle deaths linked to wind farms. The study that provided this data was carried out at a wind farm site in Wyoming, U.S. Dr. Chris McClure, lead author of the study said:
"As this technology continues to develop and improve, it has the potential to greatly impact raptor conservation around the globe,"
The smart system keeps on learning from the data it gathers using machine learning and AI systems. The system is also able to identify more protected bird species, leading to more birds saved.
By becoming a premium supporter, you help in the creation and sharing of fact-based optimistic news all over the world.


What Are Science And Technology?
By assigning science and technology to the federal government and leaving analysis and improvement to the personal sector, the protection community might well see fewer price overruns and fewer delays, which frequently are brought on by industry pushing the skin of the envelope a bit too far. A complementary step would be to position research and growth in the acquisition contract. It is perfectly acceptable for presidency laboratories to fail along the way in pursuit of recent science and expertise advances. However, personal trade should give attention to attaining optimistic results or face extinction. That is why the business sector is best suited to taking essentially the most promising advances found in authorities services and turning them into merchandise for users.
A major challenge facing the military at present is to maintain technological superiority within the face of declining protection budgets. Meeting this challenge will require a reexamination of the broad scientific and technological base that contributes to army wants, including analysis and improvement in authorities laboratories, in industry, and in universities. Environmental Protection Over the previous twenty years, the United States has acknowledged and has made substantial progress in curbing the degradation of the setting. Scientific analysis is commonly funded by way of a aggressive course of by which potential analysis tasks are evaluated and only the most promising obtain funding. Such processes, that are run by government, firms, or foundations, allocate scarce funds.
Some authors have criticized the focus on risks within the ethics of technology. One strand of criticism argues that we often lack the information to reliably assess the risks of a brand new technology earlier than it has come into use.
Research councils usually know the way to fund tutorial science, which entails managing processes to allocate funds based mostly on scientific benefit. Supporting expertise development, let alone the commercialization of innovations, is a completely completely different ball game.
Partnerships favor the entry to data and strategies and permit following the technological progress, within the case of biotechnology extraordinarily accelerated. Cooperative practices symbolize an efficient mechanism for reducing the high costs, dangers and uncertainties of analysis and improvement actions, obstacles for the event of applied sciences. Other advantages are the interchange of expertise amongst extremely certified professionals and the possibility of sharing installations and equipment.


January 31, 2022
Have you been feeling the winter blues lately? There is such a thing as Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D.) and it could be affecting you. S.A.D. is usually seen by behavioral health professionals during the fall and winter months. It generally occurs during Daylight Savings Time when the mornings and evenings are darker and there is less light during the day. There are certain risk factors, symptoms, and treatments for S.A.D. that our behavioral health team has put together.
There are several factors that can increase the risk of experiencing seasonal affective disorder. In a 2015 study, it was found that women are four times more likely to be diagnosed with S.A.D than men, putting them at a higher risk. Another risk factor is your geographical location. People who live in areas that are closer to the equator and typically have more sun and warmer temperatures, are less likely to be affected than people who live in colder regions like New England, Canada and Alaska. Family history can also play a part in a persons likelihood of developing S.A.D. If there is a family history of other types of depression, there is an increased risk.
Symptoms of S.A.D.
There are several symptoms of S.A.D. and depending on the individual, you may not necessarily have all of the symptoms
Don’t worry, there are several different ways to treat S.A.D.
Medication– There are medications such as antidepressants which can help improve moods and lessen symptoms of S.A.D.
Light therapy: Light therapy provides artificial light to impact brain chemicals linked to mood and sleep. The treatment is easy and can be done from the comfort of your own home. To learn more about light therapy click here.
Psychotherapy– Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which is ues in other behavioral health treatments, has been shown to be effective for S.A.D.
Vitamin D– As we mentioned in our Winter Health Tips blog last week, vitamin D deficiencies can lead to mood changes and are more common during winter months when we get less natural sunlight.
If you or someone you know is struggling with S.A.D. or other mental health issues, please call 203-756-8021 Ext. 3529 to speak with a behavioral health professional today.
The StayWell Health Center Behavioral Health Team


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Brain activity and structure in transgender adolescents more closely resembles the typical activation patterns of their desired gender, according to findings to be presented in Barcelona, at the European Society of Endocrinology annual meeting, ECE These findings suggest that differences in brain function may occur early in development and that brain imaging may be a useful tool for earlier identification of transgenderism in young people.
Transgenderism is the experience, or identification with, a gender different to the assigned biological sex, whilst gender dysphoria GD is the distress experienced by transgender people, and may be present from a very young age.
Although GD incidence is rare, gender identity is an essential part of psychological health, and if unaddressed can lead to serious psychological issues. Current strategies for addressing GD in younger people involve psychotherapy, or delaying puberty with hormones, so that decisions on transgender therapy can be made at an older age.
Genetics and hormones contribute to sex differences in brain development and function that lead to more male- or female-typical characteristics; however, these processes are not well established. Furthermore, little is known on how early in life, or to what extent, the gender-typical characteristics of transgender people become established.
Earlier diagnosis or better understanding of transgenderism could help to improve quality of life for young transgender people, and help families to make more informed decisions on treatment. In this study, Dr. The study included both adolescent boys and girls with gender dysphoria and used magnetic resonance imaging MRI scans to assess brain activation patterns in response to a pheromone known to produce gender-specific activity. The pattern of brain activation in both transgender adolescent boys and girls more closely resembled that of non-transgender boys and girls of their desired gender.


In April 1941, Nazi Germany bombed Belgrade during the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in World War II. The attacks resulted in the widespread destruction of the capital’s infrastructure and many civilian casualties.
On Tuesday, those victims were prayerfully commemorated on the 80th anniversary of the horrific attack.
Archpriest Arsenije Arsenijević of the Church of the Ascension in Belgrade served a memorial service for the victims of the attack at the memorial cross in the church courtyard. The service was attended by the Deputy and Assistant Mayors of Belgrade, representatives of the Russian House, and local Orthodox faithful, reports the Metropolis of Montenegro.
Those present also laid wreaths and flowers in tribute to their fellow citizens who were killed in the unannounced attack 80 years ago. At the place where the memorial cross now stands, there were two improvised hiding places in which, according to the church’s chronicle, 180 people died, including Archpriest Velimir and Archdeacon Veselin.
“Both the clergy and the people took part in this suffering, and that suffering was the beginning of the great suffering that we know awaited our people in the coming years. So, when we remember the citizens of Belgrade who suffered here, we also remember all the citizens of Belgrade, and in a symbolic way we remember all those who suffered in the Second World War,” said Fr. Arsenije.


During the school term, kids naturally focus on academics. Summer day camp gives kids the chance to practice physical skills in isolation, outside of school. Participating in sports teaches kids transferrable skills that will help them to succeed during the school year. Win-win!
Perseverance. Learning a new sport requires perseverance, to understand the rules and build muscle memory. Practicing a known sport builds endurance and expertise. When a child learns the benefits of perseverance, she can apply the skill to other pursuits, such as math homework.
Discipline. Discipline goes alongside perseverance. Cultivating ways to stay focused and pursue specific and measurable goals is a skill onto itself.
Teamwork. Success in most sports depends on working together, a skill that nicely applies to group projects in the classroom and beyond. Soft skills such as teamwork are highly valued in the workplace and can never be learned too early.
Dealing with losing. Everyone can’t win all the time. Whether its a sports match, ranked test scores, or a promotion at work, dealing with loss is a part of life. Learning to deal with losing gracefully takes practice and can be learned through participating in sports. Occasionally losing a match also teaches kids that loss is temporary, that perseverance and teamwork can mean winning in the future.
Time management. Sometimes in sports, sacrifices must be made. Whether it’s the sacrifice of leisure time to practice and train or sacrificing some of your own time on the field so that a team member will get a chance to play, learning how to manage one’s time to best effect is definitely a skill that translate to school, work, and adult life.
If you’re ready to get your child prepared for the new school year with sports summer day camp now, register for SportsTyme. We have locations all over Central Florida, including Juniper, Heathrow, Oviedo, Wellington, and Winter Springs.


“New media” does not change the essence of what media literacy is, nor does it affect its ongoing importance in society. Len Masterman, a UK-based professor, published his ground-breaking books in the 1980’s and laid the foundation for media literacy to be taught to elementary and secondary students in a systematic way that is consistent, replicable, measurable and scalable on a global basis – and thus, timeless. Masterman’s key insight was that the central unifying concept of media education is that of representation: media are symbolic sign systems that must be decoded. This paper explores the development and the application of the Core Concepts of media literacy, based on Masterman’s groundbreaking work, in Canada and in the U.S.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.
Jolls, T., & Wilson, C. (2014). The Core Concepts: Fundamental to Media Literacy Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 6(2), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-6-2-6
Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, History Commons, Mass Communication Commons, Other Communication Commons, Other Education Commons


In 1776, a British officer entered the camp of the Continental Army under a flag of truce. His mission: to inform General George Washington that Captain Nathan Hale had been captured, confessed to being a spy, and was hung that very morning. The officer, Captain John Montresor, said the British officers were impressed with Hale’s dignity and calm. And he delivered Hale’s famous last words spoken moments before he was hung:
“I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
All this took place on September 22, but I want to focus on September 10.
Earlier in the summer, the British army had made its move toward New York. First taking Staten Island and then Long Island, the British forced the Continental Army to retreat into Manhattan and finally out of New York altogether. New York was strategic to the British success, and Washington desperately needed information … and this brings us to September 10.
On this day, General Washington called for a volunteer for a dangerous mission: to go into enemy-held territory and gather information. He needed a spy—and Nathan Hale volunteered. He was only 21.
Why focus on September 10—the day Nathan Hale volunteered—rather than September 22—the day he uttered his famous last words? Because September 10 was the turning point for Nathan Hale. He didn’t choose to give his life for his country on the day he died; he made that choice on the day he volunteered.
I don’t make my choice to live for Christ in the heat of the battle, when temptation is strong, or my faith is challenged; I make that decision before I ever leave the house. Jesus told us to count the cost of following Him.
“Suppose a king is about to go to war against another king. Won’t he first sit down and consider whether he is able with ten thousand men to oppose the one coming against him with twenty thousand?” (Luke 14:31).
Jesus spoke these words in the context of calling for wholehearted death-to-self commitment. “Whoever does not carry their cross and follow me cannot be my disciple” (v. 27).
Count the cost.
Die to self.
Take the risk.
A commitment to follow Christ will differ in one respect from the words of Nathan Hale. By dying to self, you don’t lose your life. You gain it.


Our blog provides educational insights on the impact of hearing loss and dispel some of the myths surrounding the treatment of hearing loss and hearing aids.
Hearing Loss and Dementia linked in study
Click To Read More “The more hearing loss you have, the greater the likelihood of developing Dementia & Alzheimer’s Disease. Hearing Aids could delay or prevent dementia by improving the patients’ hearing.” – Hopkins Report
Frequently Asked Questions
Answers to some of our more frequently asked questions.
Helping a Family Member
If someone you care about is having trouble hearing, you may ﬁnd yourself frustrated that they deny the problem or resist seeking treatment. You want to help – or may have tried unsuccessfully – but aren’t sure the best way to go about it. View our advice on helping a loved one.
Ringing In The Ears: Tinnitus In Review
Tinnitus ("TIN-a-tus" or "Tin-EYE-tus") is the perception of sound in the head when no outside sound is present. It is typically referred to as "ringing in the ears," but other forms of sound such as hissing, roaring, pulsing, whooshing, chirping, whistling and clicking have been described.


What is genetics?
The DNA in our cells is made up of three billion pairs of just four types of chemical bases: known as A, C, G and T. Genetic variation means that, where one person might have an A at a certain place in the DNA sequence, another person might have a G.
Genetic variation is one of the major reasons why people are at different risk of developing lung diseases. It is also one of the key reasons why patients can show differences in response to treatments.
How will genetic research benefit patients?
The DNA has the code to make a protein. Proteins do the jobs in cells. The drugs we use to treat diseases target particular proteins in the body, but developing new drugs is difficult, time-consuming and costly. Genetic studies show which proteins are important in disease – information which is crucial to more effective drug development.
In time we hope that genetic information will also help us to more accurately diagnose disease and better predict which medicine, and dose, might be right for a particular patient.
What genetic research is taking place in Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit?
Research we have completed has discovered 21 regions of the human genome associated with lung function. Many of these variants have now been shown to be associated with COPD.
To view the video of Professor Martin Tobin explaining his research into the genetics of lung health and lung disease, please visit this link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pc8oWAzi1FI%20%20%20
In ongoing research in the BRU, we are studying common and rare DNA variation which affects lung function and the risk of COPD . These studies involve many collaborators in the UK and internationally (the SpiroMeta consortium ). In the UK BiLEVE consortium we are studying the lung health of approximately 500,000 people in UK Biobank, 50,000 of whom will have detailed genetic assays . These large studies tell us which genetic variants are important. Detailed studies in patients are needed to tell us how the relevant genetic variants, and the proteins they code for, exert their effect on disease. This is an essential step in translating this new knowledge into improved treatments and is a major focus of Leicester’s Respiratory BRU.


The Northern Copper Inuit - A History
February 1, 1996
In Canada's far north, on the western coast of Victoria Island, the Copper Inuit people of Holman (the Ulukhaktokmiut) have experienced a rate of social and economic change rarely matched in human history. Owing to their isolated, inaccessible location, three hundred miles north of the Arctic Circle, they were one of the last Inuit groups to be contacted by Western explorers, missionaries, and fur traders. Since contact, however, they have been transformed from a nomadic and independent, hunting-based society to one dependent upon southern material goods such as televisions, radios, snowmobiles, ATVs, and permanent residential housing provided by the Government of the Northwest Territories. Anthropologist Richard G. Condon witnessed many of these social, economic, and material changes during his eighteen years of research in the Holman community. With translator/research associate Julia Ogina and the elders of Holman, Condon vividly chronicles the history of the Holman region by combining observations of community change with extensive archival research and oral history interviews with community elders. This chronicle begins with a discussion of the prehistory of the Holman region, moves to the early and late contact periods, and concludes with a description of modern community life. The dramatic transformation of the Northern Copper Inuit is also reflected through nearly one hundred photographs and drawings that complement the text. Each chapter opens with a reproduction of one of the striking Holman prints, depicting scenes from traditional Copper Inuit life.


Home > Sloat's Proclamation taking command of California during the Mexican War..
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Sloat's Proclamation taking command of California during the Mexican War..
Item # 688641
October 10, 1846
NILES' NATIONAL REGISTER, Baltimore, Oct. 10, 1846
* Commodore John D. Sloat
* United States Navy - Pacific Squadron
* California part the United States
Inside has a very historic Proclamation by Commodore John Sloat, commander of the U.S. Naval forces in the Pacific.
After receiving word that hostilities had broken out along the Texas-Mexico border, John Drake Sloat landed in California and called on California's residents to accept American rule. Sloat, like President James K. Polk, had feared that Britain might seize California before the United States could act.
The full text of his: "Proclamation - To the Inhabitants of California" is in this issue, and can also be read on the web. It notes in part: "...I shall hoist the standard of the United States at Monterey immediately, and shall carry it throughout California. I declare...that although I come in arms with a powerful force, I do not come among them as an enemy to California...I come as their best friends as hence-forward California will be a portion of the United States, and its peaceable inhabitants will enjoy the same rights & privileges as the citizens of any other portion of that nation..." with much more, signed in type: John D. Sloat.
An extremely significant document in the history of California.
Also within are nearly 2 pages taken up with: "SANTA FE. Diary of an Officer of the 'Army of The West' " which is a very detailed, day-by-day accounting.
The back page has a report beginning: "The Mormon War in Illinois, it is hoped is finally terminated. After several days of fighting...the city of Nauvoo surrendered to the Anti-Mormon forces..." with a bit more.
Sixteen pages, 8 3/4 by 12 inches, very nice condition.
As noted in Wikipedia, this title: "...(was) one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States...Devoted primarily
Category: Pre-Civil War


Every single year, the wood pellet industry destroys tens of thousands of acres of Southern forests, turns them into wood pellets, and ships them overseas to be burned for electricity in faraway power stations. The world’s largest wood pellet producer, Enviva, is responsible for the bulk of this destruction.
From day one, Enviva has relied on deception and misinformation to lay the groundwork for their rapid expansion — from their carbon footprint, to their impacts on local air quality, to their sourcing practices. Now, they’ve applied to expand yet another one of their facilities: their Northampton mill in northeastern North Carolina, where Enviva is just one of many environmental injustices the surrounding community faces.
Say NO to Enviva’s expansion. Be sure to submit a written comment to the Department of Environmental Quality and Governor Cooper, urging our leaders to stop the expansion of the wood pellet industry.
The deadline to comment is Friday, August 23, at 5pm!
If the expansion goes through, Enviva’s production capacity at Northampton would rise to over 780,000 tons of wood pellets per year. That requires over 18,000 acres of forests to be cut down each year to feed that facility alone (one of four in NC) — that’s more clearcuts, more carbon in the atmosphere, more dangerous logging trucks on the road, less habitat for wildlife, and less protection from natural disasters.


Table of Contents
‘Willow’ is a poem written by William Carlos William. It is an inspirational poem that revolves around how one ought to be determined and resolute.
About the Poet:
William Carlos William (1883-1963) was a notable Modernist poet. Interestingly, he was also a physician. Famous works of his include ‘The Red Wheelbarrow’, ‘This is Just to Say’, and ‘Paterson’.
Explanation of the Poem:
It is a willow when summer is over, a willow by the river from which no leaf has fallen nor bitten by the sun turned orange or crimson. The leaves cling and grow paler, swing and grow paler over the swirling waters of the river as if loath to let go, they are so cool, so drunk with the swirl of the wind and of the river— oblivious to winter, the last to let go and fall into the water and on the ground.
The poem begins with a willow tree that stood by the river after summer. This willow tree happened to be a tree that was unaffected by the hot summer, unlike other trees. Neither did it shed its leaves nor was it ‘bitten by the sun’ to turn ‘orange or crimson’ in colour.
Its leaves, in fact, only grew paler and clung on fast to the tree without falling into the ‘swirling waters of the river’. They remain ‘oblivious to winter’, remaining strong and being the last to ‘let go and fall’.
This is a beautiful poem. Through the willow’s strength, it motivates one to fight on and not give up.


In the Middle Ages, Normandy was defended by imposing fortresses built on each side of the border with the Ile de France. The Château Gaillard, built above les Andelys by the Norman Duke and English monarch Richard the Lionheart, was designed to be impregnable, while the castle at Vernon built by Philippe Auguste, Richard’s rival, King of France, defended the key bridge across the Seine, the road from Paris, and the East-West road from Evreux to Beauvais.
Our promenade begins in the historic center of the town of Vernon with its streets lined with half-timbered houses, the collegiate Gothic Church of Our Lady, and the vestiges of the Medieval castle built by Philippe Auguste at the end of the 12th century. Vernon immediately evokes the Impressionists, since Claude Monet lived in the nearby village of Giverny. The Vernon Museum, in addition to rich archaeological collections, also has substantial Impressionist holdings, including two magnificent paintings by Monet.
After lunch, we will leave for Les Andelys where the Château Gaillard dominates one of the most beautiful meanders of the Norman Seine. A model of defensive architecture, the fortress was built for Richard the Lionheart in 16 months between 1196 and 1198. Château Gaillard was beseiged and taken in 1204 after Richard’s death by the French king Philippe Auguste. We will end our visit in Petit Andely, which developed into a village under Richard the Lionheart when the workers who built the castle settle there. The half-timbered houses on The Square of Our Saviour act as a backdrop for an architectural jewel built just at the dawn of the Gothic era: the Church of our Savior.


Three studies were completed for the San Jacinto River Watershed SAMP:
- Assessment of Riparian Ecosystem Integrity (2004): This study conducted a baseline assessment of riparian ecosystem integrity in the San Jacinto River Watershed by dividing the riparian ecosystems into “riparian reaches” and assessing each using a suite of indicators of ecosystem integrity. The study ranked riparian reaches in terms of hydrologic, water quality, and habitat integrity. This assessment of baseline conditions allowed for a comparison between riparian ecosystem assessment units under current and future conditions.
- Planning Level Delineation (2003): The planning level delineation identified areas that meet the jurisdictional requirements under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act at watershed scale covering regulated water bodies at a high level of accuracy. The study mapped geomorphic surfaces and sampled vegetation units in the riparian zones that represent several different return intervals to make jurisdictional determinations with regards to “Waters of the United States (WoUS), including wetlands" across the entire watershed.
- Riparian Ecosystem Restoration Plan (2006): The objective of this study was to facilitate development of an aquatic resources reserve program in the San Jacinto River watershed through an evaluation of both the potential for restoring a riparian ecosystem, given the current condition within the riparian ecosystem as well as the adjacent landscape and drainage basin, and the "level of effort" required to restore individual riparian reach segments to their appropriate restoration template.
Geospatial Data Portal for the San Jacinto River Watershed SAMP
The Corps' Geospatial Data Portal can be used to facilitate a "watershed approach" to data analysis and decision-making within the San Jacinto River Watershed SAMP. The Portal enables users to conduct detailed desktop watershed analyses by overlaying spatial datasets produced by the SAMP studies with a wide variety of other landscape-scale datasets, including datasets for public open space, future development pressure, geology and soils, hydrology (e.g., flood zones, wetlands, etc.), water quality, habitat, land use/land cover, and historic aerial imagery.
Click here to access the Geospatial Data Portal for the San Jacinto River Watershed SAMP.


China’s salvation had rested with the fragmentation of the nomadic tribes until 1211, when the great Genghis Khan (1162–1227) unified these Mongol tribes into one sweeping confederacy which then convulsed the world.
The intrepid Mongol warriors were by far the most effective and ruthless cavalry forces of all time. They were said to be able to travel for 10 days, getting by on milk from their mares, which made up the majority of their chargers, and in the worst situations, horse’s blood, which they drank from a pierced vein. The Mongols’ success in sweeping through Central Asia and Europe, despite their being often vastly outnumbered by those they met in their path, was the result of their cavalry tactics and the advantages they had developed over centuries. The formidable and infamous Mongol armies did not directly confront their rivals with sheer numerical superiority, but would send mounted detachments to create chaos, confusion and panic through skirmishes and by attacking their rivals’ flanks and rear. If this approach succeeded in causing utter disorganization among their opponents, they would finish them off by raining lances and arrows at them. Facing cataphracts, a form of heavy cavalry in western Eurasia and the Eurasian Steppe where horse and rider wore whole-body armour, the elusive Mongol troopers and horses were clad in only lightweight leather amour that gave them the advantage of unequalled mobility to scout, spy, escape, ambush, sneak and strike. Mounted Mongol scouts could travel at incomparable speeds in a day to share intelligence. Each Mongol trooper typically kept three or four horses in reserve to prevent the horses from becoming exhausted while at the same time maintaining high mobility. Such mounted spies would find campsites with plentiful natural resources so that both soldiers and horses could live off the land. This reduced the logistical burden of carrying supplies.


In Mullumbimby, Australia, there is a prehistoric Stone Henge that aboriginal elders say, once put back together, this sacred site can activate all the other sacred sites and ley lines around the world.
Late Australian journalist Frederic Slater, who was the president of the Australian Archaeological Society in the 1930s – detailed the location of ‘Australia’s Stonehenge’.
According to Slater, the farmer whose land the rock formation sat on feared he would lose his livelihood, and in 1940 tasked his then 15-year-old son with destroying the ‘sacred site’. Slater had also made a number of extraordinary claims about this ancient structure.
People say there is a powerful energy that emanates from the Stone Henge, and many believe that it has the ability to activate the chakras and awaken the kundalini energy of those who visit it.
According to the report, the indigenous people of the area have used this sacred site for centuries for their spiritual rituals and ceremonies.
They believe that the Stone Henge holds the key to unlocking the mysteries of the universe and connecting with higher realms of consciousness.
Many who have visited the Stone Henge have reported experiencing profound spiritual experiences, feeling a deep sense of grounding, and a powerful connection to the earth and the cosmos.
Some have even reported physical healing and miraculous transformations in their lives. The surrounding areas of Mullumbimby are filled with likeminded individuals who are passionate about the spiritual and environmental causes.
The energy of this land has attracted many conscious activists who are working towards creating a more sustainable and harmonious world. They are committed to sharing their knowledge and wisdom with others, and helping to bring about a global awakening.
On the other end of the story, the mainstream researchers have denied all the extraordinary claims made by Slater. According to them, the work and ideas of pseudo-archaeologist and journalist Frederic Slater, who proposed that Aboriginal Australia formed the core ‘ur’-religion on which all ancient wisdom was founded, are completely without basis.
Whether Slater’s claims are true or not, the Australia’s Stone Henge is a powerful symbol of this movement, reminding us of our connection to the earth, and the importance of honoring and protecting it for future generations.


General Relativity at 100
How relativity changed the rules of our reality
How Einstein Changed the World
The fruits of one mind shaped civilization more than seems possible
How Einstein Discovered General Relativity amid War, Divorce and Rivalry
Albert Einstein created his most famous theory amid personal strife, political tension and a scientific rivalry that almost cost him the glory of his discovery
Lost in Thought—How Important to Physics Were Einstein’s Imaginings?
Einstein’s thought experiments left a long and somewhat mixed legacy of their own
What Einstein Got Wrong
Everyone makes mistakes. But those of the legendary physicist are particularly illuminating
Relativity's Influence Is Still Going Strong on Its 100th Birthday
A visualization of recent physics terms affirms the enduring influence of Einstein's 100-year-old masterpiece
Traveling Backward in Time Is Kind of Hard
We already have the means to skip ahead in time, but going backward is a different wormhole
Einstein's Light and Dark Sides
Sure, he was pretty good at science. But science isn't everything
Was Einstein the First to Invent E = mc2?
The great physicist was not the first to equate forms of mass to energy, nor did he definitively prove the relationship
After Einstein, a New Generation Tries to Create a Theory of Everything
A new generation of physicists hope to succeed where Einstein failed
The Quest for Genius in Einstein's Brain
The bizarre journey of Einstein's brain illustrates the pitfalls in science's search for the origins of brilliance
What Einstein Really Thought about Quantum Mechanics
Einstein’s assertion that God does not play dice with the universe has been misinterpreted
Einstein's Legacy: The Photoelectric Effect
Despite the popularity of Einstein's theories of relativity and his musings on black holes, Einstein's Nobel Prize in physics was actually awarded for his discovery of the photoelectric effect...
Does Einstein’s Theory of Gravity Hold Near Black Holes?
General relativity has never been tested in places where the effects of gravity become truly extreme—for example, at the edge of a black hole. That will soon change
Relativity's Reach [Interactive Graphic]
A visualization of recent physics terms affirms the enduring influence of Einstein’s 100-year-old masterpiece. Give it a try


The Golden Rule (treat the Other as self; self=Other, as opposed to self>Other, as in egoism, or self<Other, as in some utilitarian theories) is both…
the why (the end; consequentialist/teleological theories) and
how (the means; conduct/duty theories) of both
being (virtue theory) and
doing (conduct/duty theories)
Only the Golden Rule completely answers each aspect of the question “How and why should we be/behave with the Other/self?” and so it is justified above all other theories in Ethics.
It is found in every major culture/religion, suggesting a hunger which would not exist if there were…
- nothing to satisfy it
- nothing to which the Golden Rule corresponds
- no Being/Doing which is described by the Golden Rule
- no Being/Doing which commands in accordance with His good nature/essence
- no Being/Doing which demonstrates the Golden Rule, loving us as He loves Himself, as Christ demonstrated on the cross in taking our place and imputing his righteousness onto us.
Any thoughts this Holy Week?


Suppose your Amin and your friend is Albert. Now, write a dialogue between you and a foreigner/ foreign friend who wants to know about National Memorial.
Read also> Dialogue about the importance/necessity of learning English
Write a dialogue between you and a foreigner who wants to know about National Memorial
Myself: This is the National Memorial of Bangladesh.
Albert: What is the name of this location?
Myself: Saver, Dhaka.
Albert: Why was it built?
Myself: It was built for the nation‘s respect to the martyrs who sacrificed themselves for the motherland 1971.
Albert: Can you describe its structure?
Read more> Dialogue between you and your friend about load shedding
Myself: Sure. why not. It is built with concrete but made of blood. It stands 150 feet tall. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of ISO feet. The foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day.
Albert: I am very happy to visit it. What does it symbolize?
Myself: It symbolizes the respect of the whole nation for the martyrs.
Albert: Thanks a lot.
Myself: You’re welcome!


11 Nov Aurora Wednesday 18:30 Python Practice 21.11.10.
Stuart the Minion was kidnapped!!
he miss his friends minions very much and is very scare now. You can’t image how dark the room he was put into is, so poor :(.
As a smart Minions, you want to get Stuart out of the monster’s labyrinth(maze). But when you arrive at the gate of the maze, the monster say :” I have heard that you are very clever, but if can’t solve my problems, you will die with Stuart.”
The problems of the monster is shown on the wall:
Each problem’s first line is a integer N(the number of commands), and a word “FIFO” or “FILO”. (you are very happy because you know “FIFO” stands for “First In First Out”, and “FILO” means “First In Last Out”). and the following N lines, each line is “IN M” or “OUT”, (M represent a integer).
and the answer of a problem is a password of a door, so if you want to rescue Stuart, answer the problem carefully!
The input contains multiple test cases.
The first line has one integer, represent the number of test cases. And the input of each subproblem are described above.
For each command “OUT”, you should output a integer depend on the word is “FIFO” or “FILO”, or a word “None” if you don’t have any integer.
Sample Input 4 4 FIFO IN 1 IN 2 OUT OUT 4 FILO IN 1 IN 2 OUT OUT 5 FIFO IN 1 IN 2 OUT OUT OUT 5 FILO IN 1 IN 2 OUT IN 3 OUT Sample Output 1 2 2 1 1 2 None 2 3
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多倫多台灣同鄉會TCAT這次在非常難得的機會裡邀請到黃宏加醫師 多倫多兒童醫院的首席副院長及醫療總指揮, 抽空與我們分享用 北美防疫團隊的經驗「如何預防孩子感染冠狀病毒」與台灣 張武修醫師長春藤全球健康生物科技股份有限公司總經理兼總院長, 來個加拿大與台灣的醫療交流互動, 同時讓我們鄉親朋友明瞭這之間的關係.
We will discuss key efforts made during the course of the pandemic to protect children from the efforts of the pandemic including the following:
🔶What is known about the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 on the health of children
🔶Leading across multiple hospital systems to ensure that the medical system is able to care for children and youth
🔶Vaccination efforts aimed at protecting children and youth


Teaching Sit and Down
Updated: Jan 16, 2021
There are different methods for showing your dog what “Sit” and “Down” mean. Use whichever works best for your dog. Train for a maximum of 20 minutes at a time.
Items needed: High value treats (meat, cheese, jerky) Training collar and Leash
How to teach “Sit”
Step 1- Luring- done for puppies or if your dog has never been taught sit
1. Get your dogs attention with the treat in your hand and have them standing in front of you.
2. Put the treat right in front of their nose, then say “Sit” as you slowly lift the treat above their head. They should follow the treat and sit. You can also use the leash to keep them from jumping up or use a hand to guide their butt down. After this has been repeated over a few days and your dog will sit without using your hand to lure them back, move on to the next step.
1. Say “Sally sit,” and pause
2. If the dog does not sit after a few seconds, say no, give a short correction with the collar and try again
3. Praise heavily one the dog has sat
Sit every time you stop when heeling and at every door.
How to teach “Down”
Step 1 Luring
1. Begin with your dog sitting. Treat in hand.
2. Say “Sally down,” while leading your hand from their nose to the ground. If needed, use their collar to apply pressure downwards or keep them from walking forward.
4. Praise when they fully lay down.
1. Begin with your dog sitting.
2. Say “Sally down,” while you scoop their front legs out from under them.
3. At the same time, press their shoulders with your left arm.
When a dog jumps on you, say “off” not “down.” Don’t use a word to mean two different things!
If your dog is extremely shy or fearful, they may freeze in place during this exercise. If they are very playful, they may squirm around.


An Examination of the Effects of the Presentation of Preferred Items on Frequency of Stereotypy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Date of Award
Master of Science (MS)
Robert A. Taylor
Stereotypy is a restricted, repetitive behavior that features rigidity and invariance. Approximately 88% of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit some form of stereotypy (Chebli et al., 2016). Although it often occurs under conditions of stimulus deprivation, stereotypy may also occur under other environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of stereotypy when preferred items are available noncontingently. Three participants were exposed to a baseline condition in which they had no access to items, followed by conditions in which high and low preferred items were delivered noncontingently to investigate whether automatically-maintained stereotypy was likely to increase during access to preferred items. Results showed that all three participants exhibited increased levels of stereotypy when they had access to high preference items. Implications and further research suggestions are discussed.
Blady, Shauna, "An Examination of the Effects of the Presentation of Preferred Items on Frequency of Stereotypy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder" (2022). Theses and Dissertations. 98.


Which are the low-cost materials that are used in the construction of a low-cost house, mainly?
From Earthwork, Concrete, DPC, Brick/Stone/Woodwork, Steel Work, Flooring, Plastering, Finishing, etc., which specific low-cost materials can be used for each stage in the construction of a low-cost house?
Costing of the building basically depends upon the structural design and low-cost materials using for construction.
Following are some low-cost materials used for the construction of houses:
To reduce the cost of building, it is important to select locally available low-cost materials, which reduce transportation costs also.
Low-cost building materials not just increment access to perpetual housing for individuals from low and middle class people also in addition contributes towards sustainability, especially when locally accessible structure material is utilized.
The materials generally used for modern low-cost construction are hollow concrete blocks, bamboo, extruded clay bricks, compressed earth bricks, concrete panels, along with non-conventional materials like polymers and recycled composite blocks, as they can decrease constn time significantly. We’ll take a look on types of building materials reasonable for low-cost housing in India.


Dimensional coordination of the elements of the frame and transom wall structure.
The following wooden profiles are used in frame and transom structures:
– foundations and caps: from 12×18 do 14×20 cm; in interior walls: 12×16 cm;
– poles, struts: from 12×16 do 14×18 cm; in interior walls: from 12×12 do 12×16 cm;
– rygle: from 12×16 do 14×18 cm; in interior walls: from 10×12 do 12×14 cm.
The skeleton and transom structure of wooden walls is made of a system of mullions and transoms rigidly connected with each other.
Wall elements with a frame and transom structure:
• The foundation – single wooden beam, which transfers all the pressure of the wall to the foundation wall. When the wall is long, The sill is connected to several beams. It is placed on a level foundation (foundation wall), damp-proofed with a strip of roofing felt. The sill should have a larger cross-section than the columns and should run on the same level under all walls, both external, and internal. Its height corresponds to the height of the floor layers in the interior.
• Poles – are placed on the ground beam in the corners and places where external and internal walls are joined, at window and door openings.


Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City, 1959
© AP Photo/Harry Harri
The Guggenheim turns 60. The Guggenheim turns 60
Today's image shows the Guggenheim on the day before its grand opening, 60 years ago today. Since then, it's become an iconic building in the New York cityscape. Housed in a white spiral building that emerges from Fifth Avenue, the museum started with several private collections, including that of founder Solomon R. Guggenheim. The collection has grown over the decades to contain some of the world’s most notable examples of impressionist, post-impressionist, early modern, and contemporary art.
But the building wasn’t always the revered masterpiece it's considered today. Before it was completed, it spurred controversy because many critics thought the building would overshadow the artwork itself and wouldn’t display paintings properly. Eventually, critics of Frank Lloyd Wright's design were won over once they experienced the building's unique spiral gallery. Wright designed the inside of the building to revolve around one central point, allowing visitors to experience the museum's collection of paintings by taking an elevator to the top and viewing artworks by walking down the descending, central spiral ramp. The floor is embedded with circular shapes and triangular light fixtures to complement the geometric quality of the structure.


Clinical Characteristics of Home-based Music Therapy in Supporting Personhood in People With Dementia
The Arts in Psychotherapy
This study explored the clinical characteristics of home-based music therapy for people with dementia by utilizing a program with a Japanese woman in her late 80 s, who had been diagnosed with probable Alzheimer’s disease. The narrative data, including transcripts of conversations during the sessions, and session notes were analyzed per the concepts of 'intersubjectivity' and 'singularity.' Results suggested that home-based music therapy provided opportunities for the client, the music therapist, and the client’s family to explore the client’s personhood and strengthen their respective relationships. Subjective experiences, such as relationship development and the images provoked by meaningful songs, may be the most significant characteristic of home-based music therapy for people with dementia and are also associated with maintaining their personhood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Music and Health Institute Terms
Alzheimer's and Related Dementias; Elderly; Interpersonal Relations; Music Therapy; Neurodegenerative Disorders
Home-based care; Narrative approach; Dementia; Narratives; Note Taking; Family Relations; Meaningfulness; Intersubjectivity
Case Study; Qualitative Methods
Otera, Masako; Saito, Seiji; Kano, Hideo; and Ichie, Masayoshi, "Clinical Characteristics of Home-based Music Therapy in Supporting Personhood in People With Dementia" (2020). Research on Music and Dementia. 41.


Trilobites are ancient marine animals, arthropods from the early Cambrian period. They were an insect like creature that is significant for being the first animal with identifiable eyes. The name Tri-lob-ite comes from the 3 distinct lobes that form their body. Trilobites have been extinct for 248 million years. Their fossils are found in many forms throughout the world.
Elrathia Kingii Trilobites are the genera used in our jewelry. They are from the Middle Cambrian Period and are plentiful in the Wheeler Shale Formation in Utah. Trilobites molted, shedding there skin multiple times over their lifespan. Many of the trilobites found today are thought to be of these molts.
Fun Facts about trilobites:
They are the State Fossil of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Wisconsin.
So many Trilobites have been found in Dudley West Midlands in the UK that they were called Dudley Bugs and a Trilobite was illustrated on the shield of the former Borough Council.
Ute Indians of Western Utah made holes in them and wore them as a necklace for protection.
Delta Utah is home to the U-Dig Quarry where you can unearth your own Trilobites.
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The unprecedented volumes of data now pouring forth from virtualization technologies and cloud-based infrastructure have taxed traditional storage architectures beyond their limits. Organizations want to store their data in an efficient and affordable way that is also flexible. Software-defined storage (SDS) meets these criteria and, therefore, is enjoying a surge in adoption.
Posted May 30, 2018
Linear scaling with legacy storage appliances is no longer an option. The burden that traditional architecture feels from today's tsunami of data is surpassed only by the cost required to meet current and future demands. Aside from the huge expense, this method of increasing storage capacity would take too long. Even adding multiple servers could not accommodate storage demands. Vertical storage architecture contains bottlenecks that slow performance to an unacceptable level. Software-defined storage (SDS) scales horizontally instead, making it a popular option.
Posted September 20, 2017
The world's data has doubled in 18 months' time. The industry estimates that the global amount of storage will reach 40 ZB by 2020. Historically, storage architectures were built on solutions that could only scale vertically. This legacy approach to storage presents significant challenges to being able to store the tremendous quantities of data being created today in a way that is cost-effective and maintains high levels of performance. Today, most of the world's data centers are still using vertical scaling solutions for storage, which means that organizations are seeking alternatives that allow them to scale cheaply and efficiently in order to remain competitive. And now, with software defined storage moving forward, we see the use of more scale-out storage solutions in data centers.
Posted May 04, 2016
The explosion of virtual machines (VMs) has propelled the growth of data storage across all industries. Yet, despite the clear benefits, the popularity of virtual servers is placing strain on traditional data center infrastructure and storage devices. What's the solution?
Posted February 27, 2014


A drink (or beverage) is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, coffee, tea, hot chocolate, juice and soft drinks. In addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the drug ethanol, have been part of human culture for more than 8,000 years.
When the human body becomes dehydrated, it experiences thirst. This craving of fluids results in an instinctive need to drink. The complete elimination of drinks, that is, water, from the body will result in death faster than the removal of any other substance. Water and milk have been basic drinks throughout history. As water is essential for life, it has also been the carrier of many diseases.
As society developed, techniques were discovered to create alcoholic drinks from the plants that were available in different areas. The earliest archaeological evidence of wine production yet found has been at sites in Georgia and Iran. Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe as far back as 3000 BCE, and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The invention of beer has been argued to be responsible for humanity's ability to develop technology and build civilization. Tea likely originated in Yunnan, China during the Shang Dynasty as a medicinal drink.
Practice your writing skills by discussing the questions below


Findings point to new insights into possible shared underlying causes of miscarriage
The risk of miscarriage varies greatly with a woman's age, shows a strong pattern of recurrence, and is increased after some pregnancy complications, finds a new study.
Miscarriage is a common pregnancy outcome, but the risk is challenging to estimate because of inconsistent recording
Norway is one of the few countries where miscarriage data has been consistently collected since 2008.
There were 421,201 pregnancies during the study period. After accounting for induced abortions, the overall miscarriage rate was 12.8%. The risk of miscarriage was lowest among women aged 25-29 (10%), and rose rapidly after age 30, reaching 53% among women age 45 years and over.
There was also a strong recurrence risk of miscarriage. After one miscarriage, the risk of another was increased by half, after two, the risk doubled, and after three consecutive miscarriages, the risk was four times greater
Previous pregnancy complications also predicted a higher risk of miscarriage. For example, if the previous birth ended in a preterm delivery, caesarean section, or if the woman had diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes).
However, pre-eclampsia (abnormally high blood pressure) in the previous pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of miscarriage.
Women who themselves were born small also had an increased risk of miscarriage.
This is an observational study, and as such, can't establish cause, and the researchers point to some limitations, such as the possibility that early miscarriages which did not result in contact with specialist health-care services were not captured.


Good morning one and all. Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, it is my pleasure and privilege to stand before you today. I am honored to have this opportunity to speak to such a distinguished audience.Today on this occasion, I would like to talk about the importance of trees and a grim environmental issue that is threatening the very existence of our planet and its inhabitants.
Deforestation is a serious problem that all nations are facing and one that should be addressed at an international level. I begin with the greatest problem that deforestation has produced, climate change. Traditionally, trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the environment.
This maintains a balance in the environment and nourishes living organisms with the required amount of oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a primary greenhouse gas and its increasing levels has been one of the major causes of climate change.
As a result of trees being cut, there are now fewer trees to absorb this greenhouse gas and as a result, the globe is getting warmer. In addition to this, the forests that are home to several species of living organisms, animals and plants alike, when demolished leave these animals stranded without a place to belong.
This also leads to a great loss of biodiversity. The flora and fauna is lost and many species become endangered and some even go extinct. The next case in point is the damage deforestation causes to the soil and the consequent erosion that follows. The roots of trees hold the soil together firmly and when these trees are felled, the soil is let loose and that leads to landslides that can cause massive destruction of life and property.
Deforestation is also accountable for droughts and water scarcity as trees help in releasing water from the soil into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration. Finally, the burning of trees releases pollutants into the air causing air pollution and respiratory problems.
In conclusion, deforestation is an environmental issue of severe magnitude that calls for the immediate attention of all people and especially the authorities that should work in solving this problem. What the world needs now is to save the trees and invest in sustainable development and a greener lifestyle that is inclusive of all living organisms.


A cookie is a text-only string of information that a website transfers to your computer’s hard disk.
Cookies will typically contain the name of the domain from which the cookie has come, the “lifetime” of the cookie, and a value, usually a randomly generated unique number. Cookies can help a website to arrange content to match your preferred interests more quickly. Cookies cannot be used by themselves to identify you.
- We use Session Cookies to provide security and carry information across pages of the Website and avoid you having to re-enter information; they are temporary and remain in the cookie file of your browser until you leave the Website.
- We use Persistent Cookies to help when you return to the Website so we can tailor content and the presentation of the Website to match your preferences; they also assist in compiling anonymous, aggregated statistics that allow us to understand how users use the Website and so help us improve the structure of the Website. Persistent Cookies remain in the cookie file of your browser for much longer (though how long will depend on the lifetime of each specific cookie).
How to disable cookies
- You have the ability to accept or decline cookies by modifying the settings in your browser. However, you may not be able to use all the interactive features of the Website if cookies are disabled. For detailed information on how to disable cookies for a particular desktop or mobile browser here is a useful article.


Organic solar panels are photovoltaic panels of third generation. They can greatly increase the competitiveness of solar energy.
Synthetic starch from carbon dioxide
Chinese scientists produced synthetic starch from carbon dioxide () for the first time. Making possible industrial production.
Visit to Bom Jardim da Serra Wind Park
I visited the Bom Jardim da Serra Wind Park, in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. And I made a video showing some easy access turbines.
Wind power generator kites
In high altitudes, the wind speed is higher. Generator kites prototypes have been built for using the energy of high winds.
Amazonia-1: the Brazilian observation satellite
The Amazonia-1 is the first Earth observation satellite totally developed in Brazil. Its mission is to detect and monitor deforestation in the Amazon.
Fresnel linear concentrator
The Fresnel linear concentrator is a little known form of thermal solar energy generation. The operation of this technology is today’s subject.
How the biodigester works?
I received doubt messages about biodigester. It is a way to generate energy from biomass, whose operation is this post`s subject.
5 river flow measurement methods
Measure river’s flow is important for hydrological study about viability of hydropower plant installation. And to understand the behavior of water resource.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
The Geographic Information System (GIS) serves to provide topographic information of a region to help in planning and management of natural resources, territorial and urban planning.
Environmental impact study
This post’s subject is the environmental impact study for installation of small hydropower plants. Each country has it’s own environmental regulation. Therefore I won’t enter in this part.


The Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 404 and the Rivers & Harbors Act, Section 10 regulate damage to aquatic resource functions and values that are impacted by development.
These regulations provide a foundation for agencies at the local, state, and federal levels seek mitigation for mitigation for impacts to wetland, stream, or habitats.
Mitigation banks, once approved by regulatory agencies, place a perpetual conservation easement on the land. Dedicated trust funds connected to these banks allow for the long-term management of natural resources necessary to maintain the bank. Approved mitigation banks are able to sell credits to developers, agencies, and others whose projects will impact various ecosystems.
A mitigation credit is a unit of ecological value associated with converting a naturally occurring wetland or other specific habitat to other economic uses. Mitigation credits that compensate for riparian impacts can be assigned value in relation to the linear distance.
A mitigation banker, often with investment partners, invests in an ecologically damaged or sensitive site.
This investment can include: outright purchase of the land; a management plan that includes a conservation easement and design-construct restoration plan; or developing state or agency-owned lands. The mitigation banker then works with regulatory agencies including the Mitigation Banking Review Team (MBRT), which evaluates and permits a proposed mitigation bank, and the Conservation Banking Review Team (CBRT), which approves plans for building, maintaining, and monitoring the bank.
The MBRT can include representatives from local, state, or federal agencies including: US Army Corps of Engineers, National Marine Fisheries Service, Environmental Protection Agency, US Fish and Wildlife Service, state environmental protection divisions, local water management districts, and county environmental and soil conservation groups.


A Flow Visualization Study of Thin Liquid Film Formed due to Centrifugal Force
Keywords:Direct visualization, surface flow, Optical methods
AbstractPerformance of a surface to conduct Heat/Mass transfer to the liquid flowing depends upon the thickness of film the liquid form over the surface. A rotating surface because of centrifugal force tends to thin and accelerate the film mechanics which translates into higher Heat/Mass transfer coefficients. However the performance of such surfaces also depends on continuity of the film over the surface, volute formation and percentage of area covered with the film. The main motivation of the present study is to determine the minimum flow rates, at different rotational speeds required to cover the entire surface of the disk with minimum thickness.
How to Cite
Muhammad, S., & Khan, J. R. (2014). A Flow Visualization Study of Thin Liquid Film Formed due to Centrifugal Force. Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42(1), 81–88. Retrieved from http://piche.org.pk/journal/index.php/jpiche/article/view/133
LicenseAuthors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


Here’s another gem from the good folks at Common Core:
If 5/2 and 100/T are viewed as unit rates obtained from the equivalent ratios 5:2 and 100:T, then they must be equivalent fractions because equivalent ratios have the same rates.
This is but one gem in 15 pages of Talmudic exegesis on ratios and proportional reasoning at sixth and seventh grade.
Well, if you’ve read any of Wu’s lengthier articles (e.g., the one on his website that more deeply “explains” fractions to elementary teachers), you can’t be too surprised that the Common Core is filled with such golden nuggets of prose. It actually is possible to make sense of mathematics, but you’d never know it from reading Wu and similar Math Warrior writing. I imagine Wu MEANS to be sensible, but I’m not so sure about most of those folks: they seem to like keeping the craft well-protected from mass understanding. Makes them feel so special.
That does seem like rather turgid prose. The problem is with the English, rather than the math. I dislike the proliferation of terms (ratio, unit rate, fraction) for a single concept. The distinction between equality and equivalence, though important at a high enough level in math also seems irrelevant for K–12 math.


This tutorial was written by Tom's Hardware Community member JamieKavanagh. You can find a list of all their tutorials here.
RAID, or a Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is usually a configuration for enterprise systems. It brings together multiple hard drives using striping, mirroring, or parity to create a reliable data store within a network or computer. It takes a bit of work, but for a hobbyist or someone who needs reliable storage, it can deliver great results. If you want to know how to set up RAID in Windows 10, this is for you.
Windows 10 has made it simple to set up RAID by building on the good work of Windows 8 and Storage Spaces, a software application built into Windows that takes care of configuring RAID drives for you. We’re going to use that here.
You will need a working install of Windows 10, three unformatted hard drives of the same size and speed, and this guide.
Configuring RAID in Windows 10
1. Install the hard drives into your computer and let it boot into Windows 10.
2. Back up everything you cannot afford to lose from your OS drive before starting.
3. Type or paste ‘Storage Spaces’ into Search Windows.
4. Select Create a new pool and storage space. Windows will check all drives and select them in the next window.
5. Select the RAID type under Resiliency by selecting the drop down menu. Simple pools the disks, Two-way mirror and three-way mirror are similar to RAID 1, and Parity is similar to RAID 5.
6. Set the drive size under Size if necessary. It should default to the correct setting.
7. Select Create storage space.
8. Wait for the process to complete and you should then see a single disk with the correct size in Windows Explorer.
9. Type or paste ‘Manage Storage Spaces’ into the Search Windows box to keep an eye on the array.
Configuring RAID in Windows 10 is now easier than ever. Just remember to keep an eye on error reporting once you have it set up in case of any issues.
RAID 1 is a mirror which basically means the data is copied into both disks. RAID 5 is striped, meaning the data is spread across the drives with parity bits on each to allow the RAID to rebuild data from a lost disk.
Is the simple setting JBOD or raid 0 ?


Many things have changed since 2010 when search engine optimization (SEO) was more concerned with getting as many backlinks as you could and including as many keywords as possible. The focus has shifted to understanding intent and behavior, and the context – semantics – behind them.
Machine learning or semantic technology is the basis for most commercial artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The possibilities and limitations of semantic search grow as more and more enterprises and applications utilize the technology. Research on the subject has grown almost as fast as the technology itself. Semantic search research is often based on large and rich data sets and a combination of techniques.
The development of AI and natural language processing (NLP) technologies have revolutionized the way a search engine retrieves information. Semantic search seeks to improve search accuracy by understanding searcher intent and the contextual meaning of terms as they appear in the searchable dataspace. This is true in a closed system or on the Internet. It is providing context to a search query beyond just keywords.
This is different from pure keyword search, and it can have a strong impact. A pure keyword search works roughly by matching query words to words in documents. Conversely, semantic search will often return results where there are no word matches, even with NLP applied, but the content still plainly matches what the user seeks.
Semantic search can do this because semantic search engines work differently. They don’t match on text, but on meaning. By looking at a massive dataset, it doesn’t come up with a formal definition of words, but it does understand what the words mean based on its context or usage, and what other words can be used in the same or similar contexts.
Semantic relationships are strengthened by professional annotators who hand-tune the results, and the algorithms that generate them. Web searchers tell the algorithms which connections are the best through what they click on. Semantic search aims to get at the real intent of the query, rather than simply matching a page to a search string.
Data Harmony is a fully customizable suite of software products designed to maximize precise, efficient information management and retrieval. Our suite includes tools for taxonomy and thesauri construction, machine aided indexing, database management, information retrieval and explainable AI.
Melody K. Smith
Sponsored by Data Harmony, harmonizing knowledge for a better search experience.


Embezzlement is a type of aggravated felony. As a result, anyone who is working toward citizenship or who is immigrating to the United States needs to be aware of what it is and how to avoid participating in any acts that could result in a conviction.
Embezzlement can lead to immigrants being deported, and those who are in the United States as citizens face heavy penalties. Here are a few things to keep in mind.
What is embezzlement?
Embezzlement is, basically, taking money, misapplying money or stealing money from another person or source to benefit your own accounts. For instance, if you work at a cash register and “skim” money off the top each day by claiming your drawer was short a few dollars, you could eventually be charged with stealing or embezzling money. You could also be accused of embezzlement if you try to hide the transfer of funds to your bank account by altering the business accounts to make it look like the business never brought in the income.
Usually, those who embezzle property have lawful possession to begin with. Then, they convert the property in a manner that benefits them. An example might be if you work in a bank and take someone’s deposit. You might input that the deposit was made into the computer, but if you take the money, you’re stealing.
For an embezzlement charge to stick, the prosecution has to show that there is a fiduciary relationship between two parties. One party must be reliant on the other. Additionally, the defendant must have obtained the money or property because of the relationship. Finally, the defendant must have taken possession of the property and knowingly misused it.
Source: FindLaw, “Embezzlement Constitutes Aggravated Felony under Immigration Law, and Civil Rights and Securities Matters,” accessed Nov. 29, 2017


Recovery is the process of returning operations to normal after an incident. Recovery efforts are determined by:
- the response or remediation of the incident
- how prepared the organization was for an incident in the first place.
If an incident is not handled properly, it could turn into a crisis. Recovery from a cybersecurity incident is critical to an organization. Recovery can determine whether an organization will survive an incident.
The recovery point objective (RPO) is the maximum time that can pass during an incident before the quantity of data lost surpasses the allowable level.
The recovery time objective (RTO) is the amount of time to recover from an incident before the organization begins to face dire consequences due to the disruption of service.
An organization should have a recovery plan in place before an incident and should be taking steps to be resilient to an attack. There should be an incident response plan (IRP) and a disaster recovery plan (DRP). An organization should also have a business continuity plan (BCP). Organizations should also develop incident containment plans in order to make recovery from incidents easier and less expensive.
An organization should determine its most critical applications, personnel roles during a disaster, and an incident response team. It should also have network and hardware configuration documents, and should preplan where and how the recovery plan will be initiated. A business impact assessment (BIA) should be conducted prior to the DRP. All plans must be practiced, tested, reviewed, and periodically updated—especially after determining the lessons learned from incidents.
After recovery, there should be an analysis of the incident, including a review of the causes and the handling of the incident/crisis. Such an analysis helps to rectify issues so that the organization is better prepared. Expedient recovery is critical for an organization to increase its cybersecurity resilience. Since perfect protection from cybersecurity attacks is often elusive, recovery and resilience have gained increased importance in modern organizations.


What Does Activated Carbon Mean?
This is any organic material that is rich in carbon and has been thermally decomposed under controlled atmospheric conditions and heat to achieve the following physical characteristics:
- Large internal surface area per unit volume
- A network of submicroscopic pores
- Desired molecular size (powdered, granular, or extruded)
It is mostly used in filters, which are attached in machines that provide air and water purification. Basically, the presence of pores assists in the absorption and filtering of fluids.
Corrosionpedia Explains Activated Carbon
The activated carbon acts as a sieve and a magnet in the purification mechanism. The pores act as filters for contaminants. Bituminous coal, the source, is first crushed into small sizes depending on the type; binders are later used to give it a hardness based on the size. After sizing, the carbon-rich raw material is placed in bakers under a low temperature, and eventually placed in a high-temperature furnace.
The adhesive forces inside the carbon are high; hence the contaminants will remain trapped inside. Chemical reactions between carbon and contaminants usually occur, so it does a physical and chemical filtering all together. Its efficiency in filtering is in terms of microns (the size of the particles absorbed). It is a good material to use in fluid purification to prevent the contaminants from acting as corrosion agents.
Active carbon is used in water and air purification, effluent treatment, and di-chlorination to remove:
- Organic and inorganic compounds
- Non-polar substances
- Allergens (pollen grains, dust mites, odor, dust, and suspended pollutants)


In the first project of its kind in Australia for an operating light rail system, the City of Gold Coast has teamed up with Griffith University to set up an ongoing study to monitor the light rail corridor, and measure the impacts of the trams.
The result of 10 years of planning and construction, light rail is expected to not only improve the public transport network, but have positive spin-offs for our economy, community and environment.
Mayor Tom Tate said the project will help the whole city tap into the potential of light rail.
“We want to make sure that all the planning, the investment and effort that has gone into light rail really pay off for our city so we need to keep a close eye on the impacts the trams are having,” he said.
“Our planners can then learn from that and maximise the benefits as planning for the next stages of light rail moves forward. It’s another first for the Gold Coast, and I’m sure the project will also be of interest to other cities planning to introduce trams themselves. They’ll all be watching how we make it work.”
Griffith University’s Dr Matthew Burke said the pioneering project is one of very few ever undertaken internationally, and the first in Australia to look explicitly at light rail investment.
“The collaboration has been a real win-win for both Griffith and the City, and I’m sure what we learn will deliver benefits later along the track (literally) when we plan and design the next stages of the light rail network,” he said.
The project will look at all aspects of life along the 13 kilometre light rail route from Southport to Broadbeach, including economic and business activity, community, lifestyle, transport and environmental changes.
Pedestrian counting will take place at 17 key locations along the light rail route at regular intervals, to build up a picture of how things are changing along the corridor.
As the light rail network grows, there is opportunity to widen the scope of the project to cover an expanded light rail corridor.
For further information visit http://bit.ly/1AP9LCC