Optical Fibers Made of Metamaterials Should Be Superfast
Metamaterials can be designed to interact with light in strange ways. By carefully structuring metal arrays at the nanoscale, for example, physicists can cloak an object from microwaves, or make superlenses that focus in on objects too small to be seen with conventional optics.
Now physicists have made designs for metamaterial optical fibers. Conventional optical fibers carry telecommunications data and are important components of some sensors and medical equipment. Fibers made up of metamaterials could carry light in ways that aren’t possible using naturally existing materials. According to research published online this week in Nano Letters, metamaterial fibers could guide both light and plasmons, surface energy waves induced by photons. Plasmonic fibers, say the paper’s authors, could do what optical fibers do, but much faster, speeding telecommunications and making for faster sensors. While conventional optical fibers are made up of layers of glass, the metamaterials proposed this week would be made up of nano-patterned aluminum oxide and silver. The designs were made by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, and the Institute for Integrative Nanosciences at IFW Dresden, Germany.
Geoffrey Hinton tells us why he’s now scared of the tech he helped build
“I have suddenly switched my views on whether these things are going to be more intelligent than us.”
Meet the people who use Notion to plan their whole lives
The workplace tool’s appeal extends far beyond organizing work projects. Many users find it’s just as useful for managing their free time.
Learning to code isn’t enough
Historically, learn-to-code efforts have provided opportunities for the few, but new efforts are aiming to be inclusive.
Deep learning pioneer Geoffrey Hinton has quit Google
Hinton will be speaking at EmTech Digital on Wednesday.
Get the latest updates from
MIT Technology Review
Discover special offers, top stories, upcoming events, and more.


Organizing Math Games–Math Binders
Join Our Community
Access this resource now. Get up to three resources every month for free.
Choose from thousands of articles, lessons, guides, videos, and printables.
This year I have worked to increase the number of activities my students can do independently during our math block. These independent activities may be individual activities or activities that students pair up to complete. Either way, the goal is that they are able to gather materials, work on the activity, and put all materials away, without the assistance of a teacher or adult volunteer. This task is not as simple as it sounds, especially when these activities all have different game boards or activity mats. At the beginning I felt as though I was continually copying new papers, replacing activities, and reorganizing pages that were put away in the wrong place. This took valuable time from me and was not allowing them to be fully independent as they were often needing to ask for materials that were missing or misplaced.
To solve this problem and add more organization to my math block, I decided to try math binders. I have 21 binders in my room that are all exactly the same. Each binder has a copy of each activity mat/ game board. These pages are placed in smooth, plastic page protectors.
Next to the binders I have a container of dry erase markers and a container of erasers. This way when students choose their math activity they can go grab a binder and their other necessary materials, and get started right away.
Using binders saves students from having to look to find the correct game board, giving them more time to play and learn. The page protectors save paper as they are easy to erase and reuse. It is a win-win for all!


Back in the fall Parisians welcomed a rather unique vessel on the Seine, the three-masted schooner La Boudeuse, constructed in Holland in 1916. The 46-meter ship with 13 sails has explored all seven of the world’s seas and has a fascinating history:
“La Boudeuse » is one of the rare French three-masted schooners still in use and the only one to sail on long journeys on all the seas around the world. It is dedicated to the pursuit of discovery, adventure and science, in the spirit of the great maritime and land expeditions of the Enlightenment. For this reason, a certain number of writers, philosophers, painters, scientists and photographers are part of the crew.
The captain of « La Boudeuse » and the project initiator is Patrice Franceschi, sailor, writer, explorer, member of the French Society of the Philosophy of Science and Honorary President of the Society of French Explorers…”
La Boudeuse was in Paris for the COP21 Climate Change conference, meant to leave in January for a new adventure. But for the moment it’s still moored along Les Berges of the Rive Gauche in the Port du Gros Caillou (aka Quai d’Orsay, 7th), and the general public is welcome to visit for free every Saturday (unless noted on their website), hourly tours are conducted from 10am through 4pm.


Our Vision, Mission, & Values
The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) is the preeminent provider of culturally relevant educational services and supports provided by highly effective educators to students at BIE-funded schools to foster lifelong learning.
Provide students at BIE-funded schools with a culturally relevant, high-quality education that prepares students with the knowledge, skills, and behaviors needed to flourish in the opportunities of tomorrow, become healthy and successful individuals, and lead their communities and sovereign nations to a thriving future that preserves their unique cultural identities.
BIE Core Values:
BIE employees carry out the mission to achieve the vision through guiding organizational principles underpinning how the work will be successfully accomplished.
- Excellence: The BIE achieves success through continuous self-assessment and improvement.
- Focus: The BIE is student-centered, a commitment to addressing the holistic needs of students.
- Integrity: The BIE maintains high standards of character and professionalism as the foundation upon which the agency is built.
- Respect: The BIE fosters communities of support through mutual regard and collaboration.
- Service: The BIE supports students through proactive and responsive teamwork with schools, Tribes, and communities.
Isleta Elementary School will educate the whole child based on our core community values so each child has the knowledge and skills to be successful.
Isleta Elementary School provides opportunities to inspire educational success!
IES Community Core Values:
Eagle PRIDE Pledge
I pledge today to do my best
In Reading, Math, and all the rest.
I will follow all the rules
In my class and in school.
I'm responsible, respectful, and safe, too;
I'll give my best in all I do.
Today I'll try my best to soar;
I'm an Isleta Eagle to the core!
Who are we?
What do eagles do?
Where do eagles SOAR?
Beyond the clouds!


17 Oct 2019
Keeping patients safe from infection is everyone’s responsibility.
Every October, International Infection Prevention Week aims to spread best practice amongst professionals in healthcare and educate the public on the importance of good hygiene and infection prevention.
The Dental Board of Australia (the Board) is helping to support this year’s awareness of the importance of preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections. The Board is reminding consumers to be aware of what they should expect when visiting their dental practitioner.
Board Chair Dr Murray Thomas is encouraging consumers to ask their dental practitioner any questions they may have about prevention of infection.
‘It is important to break the spread of infections. Everyone plays a role in controlling and preventing infection – both patients and practitioners. For those at greater risk, such as the elderly or people with an underlying medical condition, good infection control and prevention can make a difference. It can stop them being in a situation where they need avoidable medical treatment,’ he said.
‘Consumers can use the Board’s resources to make sure they are getting safe care from their dental practitioner. Patients can use the resources to ask their treating dental practitioner questions about infection prevention. If they have a concern about their dental practitioner’s infection control practices, the resources also show how and what they should do about it,’ added Dr Thomas.
The Board has produced resources for dental patients, including a video. The video has seven easy to remember tips to help consumers know if their dental practitioner is following the correct infection control protocols.
This year’s theme for Infection Prevention Week also celebrates the role of vaccines in protecting public health. The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) and the National Boards, all 16 regulated professions, including dental, issued a public statement in support of immunization earlier this year. The statement is clear that registered health practitioners have a responsibility to support public health programs, including vaccination.
The Board expects all dental practitioners to practise in a way that maintains and enhances public health and safety by ensuring that the risk of the spread of infection is prevented or minimised.
Dental practitioners are reminded to practise in accordance with the Board’s Guidelines on infection control and to refer to resources developed by the Board to ensure that they meet the infection control obligations.


The natural features that make up Kitsap County, including its forests, shoreline, and freshwater systems, are part of the County’s stock of natural assets. Human well-being and health are dependent upon the water treatment, clean air, rainwater management, and overall function of these assets as they yield essential services and economic benefits.
These assets require planning, coordination, monitoring, and supportive fiscal policies and strategies, just as other essential assets such as roadways, buildings, and capital facilities. Governments, such as Kitsap County, have a critical role in ensuring that natural assets are delivering core municipal services by enhancing, maintaining, and restoring natural assets through direct or indirect management of natural assets.
Natural asset management is an emerging strategy that expands the standard framework for managing infrastructure to include natural assets. This program will help facilitate strategic planning of Kitsap County’s resources by establishing a system to measure and track the condition of assets, compare the condition of assets against the desired condition, and identify strategies to reduce gaps and risks to services.
1. Design and develop a Natural Resource Asset Management system to assist local governments with fiscal, permitting, and management decisions related to natural resources, and to improve citizen awareness of
2. Implement the Natural Resource Asset Management system and continue working to determine the path forward for refining the asset management framework and integrating the approach and tools with existing county processes.
Access the meeting materials to stay up to date on the project team’s progress and follow the evolution of the project.
Department of Community Development
Planning and Environmental Programs
(360) 337-5777 (Kitsap 1)
619 Division StreetPort Orchard, Washington
Story Map: Kitsap Natural Resources Asset Management Program
Story Map: European Green Crab in the Puget Sound
West Sound Partners for Ecosystem Recovery
Hood Canal Coordinating Council
Kitsap Regional Shoreline Restoration Project


There are about 100 distinct types of arthritis, each with its own set of reasons. In a 2009 CDC poll of 30,000 U.S. adults, 22% reported having arthritis of some types. The poll also revealed that arthritis was more likely in those who were overweight. Eight percent indicated some kind of movement restriction due to arthritis.
In general, arthritis is defined by joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. The following information is about osteoarthritis, the most prevalent type of arthritis. People with this condition lose cartilage, which protects the joints. The measures outlined here will augment the information provided by your doctor and help you in managing this difficult disease.
- Step 1: What is osteoarthritis?
- Step 2: Symptoms
- Step 3: Causes
- Step 4: How osteoarthritis is diagnosed II. Treating Osteoarthritis
- Step 5: Overview of arthritis treatment
- Step 6: Heat and cold therapy
- Step 7: Pain medication
- Step 8: Other options
- Step 9: Unproven remedies III. Managing Osteoarthritis
- Step 10: Weight control and exercise
- Step 11: Living with osteoarthritis
Disclaimer: All material on this website is provided for your information only and may not be construed as medical advice or instruction. No action or inaction should be taken based solely on the contents of this information; instead, readers should consult appropriate health professionals on any matter relating to their health and well-being. The data information and opinions expressed here are believed to be accurate, which is gathered from different sources but might have some errors. We are not responsible for errors or omissions. Doctors and Hospital officials are not necessarily required to respond or go through this page.


Legislative Process in the Islamic Republic of Iran
The Islamic Assembly (known as Majlis) is the only institution authorized to make law, according to Article 58 of the Constitution.
Types of bills that can be introduced to legislators:
the bill to make sure that the proposed law is
in line with Sharia law and the principles of
Note: Political and religious opinion or orders
of the Supreme Leader are considered Sharia
law to clerical members of the Guardian
FIRST ROUND OF PROCEDURE
SECOND ROUND OF PROCEDURE
in case the Guardian Council reject a bill (The procedure continues until the bill is approved by the Guardian Council)
ROAD TO BYPASS GUARDIAN COUNCIL
if Parliament insist on their decision
There are two types of
reviewing bills in Parliament:
Normal · Two Session Review Generalities are reviewed in the first session and details are discussed in the second.
Prioritized · One Session Review Both generalities and details are reviewed in a single session. Single-session bills are processed through 3 different mechanisms:
- Level 1 · Urgent Reviewed by the relevant commission and presented to Parliament as a priority outside of the regular schedule of the commission.
- Level 2 · Very Urgent Reviewed by Parliament within 24 hours (outside of its regular schedule).
- Level 3 · Most Urgent The review must take place on the same day that the Parliament approves prioritization.


On Tuesday morning, students at Oxford High School had their world turned upside down in a matter of minutes. Two days later, it is still hard to know where to begin with the aftermath.
"What really is most important at this time is making sure that the community knows, you know, that we are all in this together, to make space for children to process their feelings, to make space for parents and families to process their feelings," said Darienne Driver Hudson, president and CEO of United Way for Southeastern Michigan.
The events at Oxford High follow an apparent pattern of violence within schools that has seemingly worsened since students have returned to in-person learning. Marc Zimmerman is the director of the Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center and is among some experts who say that the pandemic could be partially responsible for an uptick in school violence.
“I think that the pandemic has created isolation, has created stress in families and in kids, and it's all just coming to a head when school reopened, mostly across the United States,” said Zimmerman, who is also a professor of public health, psychology, and education at the University of Michigan. “We're talking about lots of violence more broadly, not just firearm violence, but lots of incidents of bullying and fighting. And I think partly, you know, the youth did not have the chance to kind of practice social skills.”
Read the full article and listen to the podcast at Michigan Radio.


A farm is a piece of land which is dedicated primarily to agricultural activities with the primary purpose of producing crops and food; it’s the main facility in agricultural food production. A farm may be set up for several purposes such as to produce fruit, vegetables, livestock or ornamental items such as grass. Many farmers grow many different kinds of crops including strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, cranberries, peaches, oranges, plums, carrots, onions, potatoes, hay, wheat and grain. They also raise and sell cattle, horses, sheep, goats and chickens on a small scale and raise and feed turkeys and ducks.
There are two types of farms: individual and corporate. An individual farm is a type of farm, where the majority of the activities take place and most of the produce is directly produced by the farmer or family. Corporate farms are large scale ventures owned by individuals or corporations that purchase large tracts of land for growing a variety of agricultural products. The products sold are for human consumption and/or animal consumption. The government has an official definition of an agricultural enterprise which includes any business concern that produces, delivers, or handles goods destined for sale in the agricultural sector. In United States, some of the main farm businesses include poultry, beef, dairy, sheep and sugarcane.
Agriculture has been a major driver of the global food supply. With the increasing demand, farmers have increased the productivity and profit of their farms. As a result of this increased productivity, farmers are able to earn greater profits from a smaller area of land. It was not until the 20th century that farming became a commercially lucrative industry and since then it has grown into a massive industry employing millions of people worldwide and contributing to economic growth.


A project undertaken at the School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, and supervised by Dr Lyn Cook and Dr Alicia Toon
Bush coconuts (or bloodwood apples) are galls induced by scale insects on bloodwood eucalypts in northern and eastern Australia. The galls can be the size of a cricket ball, and both the internal gall tissue and the female that causes the gall are considered bush tucker (Figure 1). The female scale insect starts to induce the gall when she is a tiny nymph (only 200 microns long) and will spend the rest of her life enclosed within her gall, growing up to 4 cm in length. After mating, she first produces male offspring that feed on the nutritious white tissue that lines the inside of the gall. When the males reach maturity and pupate, the adult female gives birth to her tiny daughters. These climb onto the elongate abdomens of their winged adult brothers and are carried away to a new host plant (Figure 2).
If carrying sisters is costly to a male and decreases his chances of finding a mate, there must be some trade-off between carrying sisters or going it alone in order for the life-history to have evolved and to be maintained. Almost all relatives of bush coconuts have a chromosomal system called paternal genome elimination (PGE), such that males pass on only their mothers’ gene copies (the fathers’ copies are destroyed before making sperm). PGE systems result in unequal contributions of the mother and father to the next generation, and are thought to result from intersexual conflict. If PGE is also present in bush coconuts, then the success of a father’s genes is largely through his daughters, but the behavior of his sons in helping their sisters might enhance his reproductive success.
We aim to determine:
- whether carrying his sisters is costly to a male
- whether there is paternal genome elimination in bush coconuts
- the relatedness of brothers and sisters within a gall: if there has been selection for males to increase their father’s reproductive fitness by helping sisters, those sisters should be closely related to the males
Our results should help unravel the evolutionary consequences of sexual conflict.


New pest identified in West and Central Africa!
- Impact Area
A second armyworm from the Americas introduced into tropical Africa
A new pest—southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania (Stoll)—has been discovered in West and Central Africa!
This introduced second armyworm species from the Americas was first found in cassava fields in south-eastern Nigeria in December 2016, reported Dr Georg Goergen, Entomologist/Biocontrol Specialist and Head of IITA’s Biodiversity Center in Bénin. Its presence was confirmed by DNA barcode analysis at IITA headquarters in Ibadan.
The recent introduction of the fall armyworm (FAW) into the African continent and its growing threat to agriculture and food security have caused great concern in many of the 44 countries of tropical Africa invaded by this pest. Originating from the tropical regions of the Americas the FAW adult has a remarkable capacity for long distance migration and high female fertility. Its crop-destroying caterpillars can cause serious damage to maize but also to other important crops such as sorghum, rice, and vegetables.
These attributes have made the control of FAW a challenging task. The development of management options adapted to Africa has mobilized international experts and the national capacities of affected countries and raised general attention to caterpillar attacks on various crops.
Farmers had first observed an outbreak of caterpillars that caused severe defoliation on cassava in a 450-hectare field near Ubiaja in southeastern Nigeria in late 2016. Alcohol-preserved samples of the larvae were sent for diagnosis to the Biodiversity Center at the IITA station in Bénin, which did not match the morphological characteristics of FAW caterpillars. The species, however, appeared to have related origins and resembled closely the African cotton leafworm (S. littoralis [Boisduval]). In the absence of adult moths, it was concluded that the latter species, widespread in tropical Africa and known to feed on various kinds of food, must have attacked some sweet varieties of cassava that are less toxic to potential insect pests.


OASW Celebrates Asian Heritage Month
May 1, 2023
May 1st marks the beginning of Asian Heritage Month in Canada. During this month, we honor the historical and cultural contributions of all Asian Canadians who can trace their roots back to East Asia, Southern Asia, Western, Central and Southeast Asia.
Declared nationally in 2001, Asian Heritage Month has been celebrated in Ontario since the Asian Heritage Act was passed in 2005. The Act states:
Asians have helped to shape Ontario culturally, economically and politically. It is appropriate to recognize and pay tribute to the contributions that Asians have made and continue to make to the development and general welfare of Ontario.
The history of people of Asian descent in Canada has been marked by exclusionary immigration policies, discriminatory voting laws, forced relocation and internment. Despite this history, and ongoing impacts of racism and discrimination, people of Asian descent have had a marked impact on our society and continue to contribute across many fields including arts, science, politics, and social work.
OASW would like to take this opportunity to celebrate Asian social workers and all the work they do to support their communities and to counter ongoing anti-Asian racism. OASW is committed to recognizing and amplifying the voices of Asian social workers and to support the Asian community in their fight against anti-Asian hate/racism.
During this month, and all year long we encourage our members to celebrate Asian history and culture in Ontario and learn more about how you can contribute to dismantling anti-Asian racism.
Celebrate, Learn and Reflect:


Measuring Entanglement Among Many Particles
Entanglement of multiparticle systems is desired for precision interferometry, quantum computing, and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. However, characterizing the level of entanglement in such large systems is far from straightforward. A group of European physicists has devised a new measure of entanglement based on the collective spin. In Physical Review Letters, they demonstrate their method on an atomic cloud, showing that it contains inseparable clusters of at least entangled atoms.
In a system of only a few particles, physicists can evaluate the entanglement by mapping out all particle correlations. But the number of measurements needed for this so-called quantum tomography grows exponentially with the number of particles. This method is therefore impractical for gauging the entanglement in, for example, a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with thousands of atoms. Researchers have formulated other entanglement measures, but they only apply to specific types of multiparticle entangled states.
Carsten Klempt of the Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany, and his colleagues have developed a novel criterion for characterizing entanglement. Their method involves measuring the sum of all the individual spins in a large ensemble of particles and then evaluating its fluctuations. Compared to previous work, the criterion that Klempt and colleagues use is sensitive to a wider range of entangled states. The team created one particular state, a so-called Dicke state, with atoms from a BEC and measured the total spin using a strong magnetic field gradient. From their entanglement measure, they estimate that the largest grouping of entangled particles contains atoms or more, which presents the largest number measured for Dicke states so far. – Michael Schirber
Detecting Multiparticle Entanglement of Dicke States
Bernd Lücke, Jan Peise, Giuseppe Vitagliano, Jan Arlt, Luis Santos, Géza Tóth, and Carsten Klempt
Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 155304 (2014)
Published April 17, 2014


Dry eye is typically induced by something irritating the eyes like smoke, dust, pollen, chemical fumes, allergens etc. This results in inflammation which causes the dryness.
Dry eyes aren’t caused by a Restasis deficiency. Ristasis works by suppressing your immune system. It contains an old immunosuppressant, cyclosporine. So, if your dry eye problem is a result of inflammation, ristasis will probably work. So the drug works like most therapies big pharma promotes; just covers up symptoms with something that is expensive and slightly poisonous.
Dry eye tends to develop as we age; more common in women; especially menopausal women. So, declining hormones are a potential contributing factor. It happens more often as we age so an ageing, weakened immune system no doubt contributes as well. The weakened immune system may be contributed to by other declining hormones such as testosterone, growth hormone, thyroid and adrenal hormones. With ageing the immune system is affected by nutritional deficiencies, poor sleep and a lifelong accumulation of environmental toxins.
So as you can see there are likely a lot of factors contributing to any case of dry eyes. Treating it naturally with hormone therapy and nutrition also goes a long way toward treating most other age related conditions. So you would be improving your overall health and quality of life by traveling this path; getting rid of dry eyes would be only one of many improvements.
But if all you want is a quick fix you can try Similisan Pink Eye Relief from your health food store or off the net. Another treatable cause is low testosterone, especially in women. One study used a 3%testosterone cream on the eyelids of men and women with low testosterone. It caused improvement in most of the postmenopausal women but didn’t work as well in the men.
In natural or alternative medicine we try to find and treat the cause of the problem.
©2022 INNOVATIVE MEDICINE


(1850–1923). A naval officer and writer who traveled widely in the Middle East and Asia, Pierre Loti used exotic locales as settings for his popular novels. The themes of his works anticipated those of French literature between World War I and World War II.
Louis-Marie-Julien Viaud, who wrote under the pen name Pierre Loti, was born on January 14, 1850, in Rochefort, France. Following his naval training, he was appointed ship’s lieutenant in 1881 and during 1885–91 served in the seas near China. He was appointed ship’s captain in 1906.
After the publication of his first novel, Aziyadé in 1879, Loti rapidly developed a parallel literary career. Other early successes included Pêcheur d’Islande (1886; An Iceland Fisherman) and Madame Chrysanthème (1887; Japan: Madam Chrysanthemum). His subsequent books—including the novels Ramuntcho (1897) and Les Désenchantées (1906; Disenchanted) and volumes in which Loti himself figured, such as Le Roman d’un enfant (1890; A Child’s Romance), Prime Jeunesse (1919; Early Childhood), and Un Jeune Officier pauvre (1923; A Poor Young Officer)—all show his passionate nature.
An exceptionally gifted observer, Loti returned from his voyages with a rich store of mental pictures, which he then presented in simple, musical prose. Along with his impressions, however, he offered deeper meanings; death, as much as love, is at the heart of his work. Such books as Le Livre de la pitié et de la mort (1890; The Book of Pity and of Death) and Reflets sur la sombre route (1889; Reflections on a Dark Road) are perfect examples of his art.
Loti was elected to the Académie Française in 1891. He died in Hendaye on June 10, 1923.


Primary and Secondary. Discover encyclopedia articles, multimedia, primary sources, games, and other learning resources to support exploration, discovery, and learning.
Secondary. Explore a broad range of Canadian topics, people, places, and events through topic overviews, news, and multimedia content.
Primary and Secondary. Includes over 40,000 continually updated articles focused on Canada's history and culture, as well as over 30,000 multimedia items, including images, maps, games, audio and video.
Secondary. Full-text database that provides students with essays that present multiple sides of current hot-button issues.
Secondary. A history focused full-text database. Includes historical reference books, magazines, journals, primary source documents, multimedia content, and more.
Preschool, Primary and Secondary. A variety of relevant educational resources in all subject areas for preschool, primary and secondary levels. In French.
Secondary. Interactive 3D models of concepts from biology, chemistry, earth and space science.
Primary and Secondary. Full-text access to The Gazette as well as nine (9) regional newspapers of the Postmedia Network. In English.
Primary and Secondary. National Film Board of Canada. Educational videos, including films, documentaries, animations, and teacher guides. Teachers should create an account to be able to have access to pedagogical material.
Primary and Secondary. Use the Sora App to borrow eBooks in English, French, Chinese, Korean, Italian, and Spanish.
Primary and Secondary. Use the Sora App to borrow magazines in English, French, Spanish, and Chinese. Over 170 different titles to chose from!
Secondary. Access to close to 60,000 encyclopedia articles and 30,000 multimedia, as well as a comprehensive dictionary, a world atlas, and more.
Primary and Secondary. The new platform from the Gouvernement du Québec that regroups the BDL: Banque de dépannage linguistique (Grammar - Spelling - Syntax - Editing) and the GDT: Grand dictionnaire terminologique (Specialized Terms - Definitions - Translations).


Why is my pee clear?
Clear urine indicates that you’re drinking more than the daily recommended amount of water. While being hydrated is a good thing, drinking too much water can rob your body of electrolytes.
How much urine per day is normal?
Normal Results The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2,000 milliliters per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day).
Why do I need to pee when I try to sleep?
Once the person lays flat to sleep, however, the weakened cardiovascular system is no longer working against gravity. All the fluid that was accumulated in the lower body gets back in the blood stream and pumped to the kidneys, which go into overtime filtering and making lots of urine.
What is it called when you pee in your sleep?
Nocturnal enuresis is involuntary urination that happens at night while sleeping, after the age when a person should be able to control his or her bladder. (Involuntary urination that happens during the day is known as diurnal enuresis.)
Does laying down make you have to pee?
When you lie down at night it becomes easier for the circulatory system to work. The fluid is absorbed back into your blood and filtered out through the kidneys, which then send it to the bladder as urine. This means that your bladder fills as you sleep much more quickly than it normally would.
How can I stop peeing all night?
Preventing nighttime urination
- avoiding beverages with caffeine and alcohol.
- maintaining a healthy weight, as excess weight can put pressure on your bladder.
- timing when you take diuretic medications so they don’t impact your nighttime urine production.
- taking afternoon naps.
Why do I have the urge to pee after I just peed?
A person can develop a UTI when bacteria enter the urinary tract. If a person has a UTI, they may have a frequent urge to pee, even when little comes out when they try to go. According to the CDC , other symptoms of a UTI include: a burning sensation when urinating.


Diabetes as the dominant cause of ESRD is also the major cause of renal anaemia. However, most patients with diabetic kidney disease will succumb to co-morbid vascular disease or heart failure before developing severe renal impairment. In these patients, anaemia is also common finding, with a 2-3 times greater prevalence and earlier onset than in patients with renal impairment from other causes. We have recently shown that at least one in five outpatients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in tertiary referral clinics have anaemia, in whom it constitutes a significant additional burden. Impaired renal erythropoietin release in response to declining haemoglobin levels appears to be the major contributor to anaemia in diabetes. This may be due to the predominance of damage to cells and vascular architecture of the renal tubulointerstitium associated with diabetic nephropathy that may be apparent, like albuminuria, before demonstrable changes in renal function. In addition, systemic inflammation, autonomic neuropathy and reduce red cell survival may also compound anaemia in diabetes. While anaemia may be considered a marker of diabetic kidney disease, reduced haemoglobin levels, even within the normal range, identify diabetic patients with an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality. Anaemia may also be significant in determining the outcome of heart failure and hypoxia-induced organ damage in patients with diabetes. Upcoming studies will determine whether correction of anaemia in diabetes will lead to improved outcomes in these patients.
Keywords: anemia, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, erythropoietin, haemoglobin, microvascular


What is another word for sulfonamide?
[ sˈʌlfənˌama͡ɪd], [ sˈʌlfənˌamaɪd], [ s_ˈʌ_l_f_ə_n_ˌa_m_aɪ_d]
Table of Contents
Synonyms for Sulfonamide:
n.• antibiotic (noun)
- sulfa drug,
- wonder drug,
Other synonyms:• Other relevant words (noun):
How to use "Sulfonamide" in context?
Sulfonamides are a class of antibiotics derived from the sulfonium ion. They are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the world. Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the sulfur atom in the bacterial protein thiol group. This causes the thiol group to break down, leading to cell death.
Sulfonamides were among the first antibiotics and are still among the most effective. However, they are also among the most toxic, with potentially dangerous side effects including photosensitivity, mood changes, and liver toxicity.
Word of the Day


While bananas are a fantastic source of nutrients for a healthy body, it is still debated whether they should be consumed on an empty stomach. Breakfast is said to be the most important meal of the day, and it should be eaten like a king, with wholesome and nutritious ingredients on the plate. Most of the time, though, it becomes a quick supper, and we reach for one of the easiest options, a banana, which takes no washing. Bananas, of course, have a slew of health advantages. The fruit’s nutrients are recognised for maintaining blood pressure, reducing depression, constipation, heartburn, and weariness in the body, as well as maintaining blood pressure, reducing depression, constipation, and heartburn.
It also contains a large amount of iron, which aids in the formation of haemoglobin and the treatment of anaemia. While bananas are a fantastic source of nutrients for a healthy body, it is still debated whether they should be consumed on an empty stomach.
Bananas are high in potassium, fibre, and magnesium, and thus meet the nutritional requirements of your body. It increases your energy and decreases your hunger sensations.
The 25 percent sugar in bananas provides a much-needed sugar rush and a burst of energy to get through the day’s activities. Iron, tryptophan, vitamin B6, and vitamin B are among the other minerals found in bananas.
Despite being high in potassium, fibre, and magnesium, bananas are not recommended for consumption on an empty stomach, according to several authorities. The following are some of the reasons: Bananas’ high natural sugar content, which boosts energy, but also leave you feeling fatigued after a few hours. Bananas momentarily satisfy your hunger, leaving you tired and exhausted. Bananas are acidic by nature, so eating them on an empty stomach can induce digestive difficulties.
Bananas have a high potassium content and are acidic in nature. They’re a fantastic way to start the day, but not on an empty stomach. To reduce the acidic content in the body, combine it with soaked dried fruits, apples, and other fruits. The high magnesium content might induce a calcium-magnesium imbalance in the blood, which can have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system.
We hope you got our point!


Jul 26 2017
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder characterized by increased bone fragility.
In OI Type IV muscle weakness has important functional consequences. Children and adolescents with OI type IV often have restricted mobility despite multidisciplinary treatment with bisphosphonates, intramedullary rodding surgery, and rehabilitation.
To date, muscle function, and in particular that of the lower extremity, in OI type IV has not been investigated systematically. A new study in the journal 'Calcified Tissue international' has now assessed upper and lower extremity muscle function in 27 children and adolescents aged 7-21 years with OI type IV, compared with age-and sex-matched controls. The researchers found that the patients, all with a clinical diagnosis of OI type IV and known mutations in the COLIA1 and COLIA2 genes, had:
- approximately 30% lower-limb peak force and 50% peak power deficits compared to healthy age- and sex-matched controls.
- at the lower limb level, a 50% lower peak power than age- and sex- matched patients with OI type 1 (the type of OI with the mildest form of bone fragility).
- normal upper-limb muscle force, but a muscle function deficit at the lower-limb level.
Among the potential determinants of lower-limb muscle function in OI type IV, only fracture history emerged as a significant negative predictor. The number of fractures is likely to explain periods of inactivity which contributes to lower muscle function. Muscle function may also be impaired by a direct effect of collagen type 1 mutations on tendons, ligaments and intramuscular connective tissue, although more studies are needed to clarify this aspect.
The results suggest that lower limb weakness may contribute to limitations in mobility in people with OI Type IV despite multidisciplinary treatment.


Kellosaari reserve power plant
The Kellosaari reserve power plant acts as a nationwide disturbance reserve.
The Kellosaari reserve power plant ensures sufficient electricity supply in Finland, especially in Helsinki. The reserve power plant is operated by the national grid company Fingrid. Fingrid will start up the plant in situations where extra capacity is needed in order to maintain national electricity distribution. The power plant operates on light fuel oil.
The plant is used rarely, and only for a short period at a time. To ensure trouble-free operation, a test run of the plant is performed during daytime approximately every six weeks.
The periodic operation of the plant produces some noise, which may cause disturbance to the local residents. However, the plant is operated in the evening and at night-time only when the national power demand so requires.
The plant has been landscaped on the basis of an idea developed by Klaus Aalto in cooperation with the University of Art and Design Helsinki.
- What: electricity
- What from: fuel oil
- Where: in Ruoholahti
- When: 1974
- How much: 120 MW
- Who: Power Plant Manager Jyrki Itkonen, +358 9 617 3510


DNA ligase joining two lengths of DNA at their sticky ends
Once scientists could cut DNA, they still needed a way to paste DNA strands together at will. Arthur Kornberg's identification of an enzyme he called ligase allowed scientists to paste the ends of DNA molecules together. This still image shows the alignment of matching sticky ends (in pink and red) and the DNA ligase (in green) that remakes the sugar-phosphate bonds that form the backbone of DNA.
This still image shows the alignment of matching sticky ends (in pink and red) and the DNA ligase (in green) that remakes the sugar-phosphate bonds that form the backbone of DNA.
dna ligase,arthur kornberg,dna ligation,dna strands,dna molecules,restriction digest,backbone of dna,sticky ends,phosphate,alignment,bonds,scientists
- ID: 15541
- Source: DNALC.DNAi
15487. DNA ligation, 3D animation with no audio
DNA with "sticky ends" can be rejoined and ligated together.
15488. Restriction digest, 3D animation with no audio
Restriction enzymes can bind to and cut DNA at specific sites.
15878. DNA synthesis
Arthur Kornberg isolated the first enzyme, DNA polymerase I, which can make new DNA strands.
16705. Animation 34: Genes can be moved between species.
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer transform bacteria with a recombinant plasmid, and Doug Hanahan studies induced transformation.
16441. Problem 19: The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.
Explore DNA's structure.
15476. Mechanism of Recombination, 3D animation with with basic narration
Genetic engineering: inserting new DNA into a plasmid vector.
16529. Animation 24: The RNA message is sometimes edited.
Rich Roberts and Phil Sharp explain restriction enzymes, electrophoresis, and split genes.
16515. Animation 23: A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides.
Fred Sanger outlines DNA sequencing.
15917. Cutting and pasting DNA
The discovery of enzymes that could cut and paste DNA made genetic engineering possible.
16026. Arthur Kornberg, 1957
A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole.


The world’s leading climate scientists have warned there are 10 years left to keep global warming to a maximum of 1.5C, beyond which even half a degree will wipe out entire ecosystems, and bring apocalyptic droughts, extreme heat, fires, and disastrous weather events. If we don’t take action now, there will be food scarcity, water shortages, power outages, increase in disease, and some of us won’t make it. It may sound dire, alarmist, or political, but scroll the Instagram photos of the latest hurricane disaster in The Bahamas and you'll see: the climate crisis is not a bad science fiction movie–it’s real.
The gap between science and politics is money. Our politicians’ power exists in the here and now. Their terms are 2 years, 4 years, or 6 years. So it's hard for youth to get them to put our future ahead of theirs. But the cost of doing nothing will be far higher in the long run.
Unfortunately, the latest science reveals the 2018 goals of the IPCC to keep climate warming to a maximum of 1.5C are already obsolete. The 2019 IPCC Report states that doesn't even begin to include the new reality of tipping points of glacier ice melt after the latest summer heatwaves, that now spiral the planet toward an irreversible point of no return.
The climate crisis didn’t happen overnight. America is the world’s biggest historical source of carbon emissions. America can lead on climate change. Science and technology have shown the climate goals necessary can be met with physics and chemistry. What’s missing is public and political will.
To ensure our survivability as we know it, everything must change. But here’s the ticker–everything can change.
Technological solutions in renewable energy, manufacturing, carbon sequestration, reforestation, population education, and more are already possible. Forces of Nature is calling for action by our politicians now: this session, this term. We are out of time.
We should all take a science lesson from Mother Nature;
she pays no attention to politics.
- Lily Paden, co-founder, Forces of Nature


Learning Support Program (LSP)
Miss Cara Costello, Lower School (Kindergarten – Grade 6) and Reading (Grades 1 & 2)
Mrs. Kelly Burgess, Junior High (Grades 7-8)
Miss Erin Farrell, grades 3-8
The resource program provides additional academic support for students with diverse learning abilities. The goals of the program are to create academic independence and teach self-advocacy. In order to optimize the teaching and learning process, differentiated instruction is provided in 1:1 or small group settings. Additionally, academic assistance is provided within the whole class setting. The implementation of accommodations, and the development of study skills strategies are essential components of the program.
Students are selected for the support program once our Student Assistance Team (SAT) and classroom teachers have collaborated to identify which areas of academic support will best enhance a student’s instructional needs. These interventions are implemented as early as possible, and in doing so, we strive to develop good study habits and independent learning skills. The partnership between parents and teachers plays a key role in providing an effective and individualized approach.
The Mission of the Learning Support Program:
- Create life-long learners who are able to advocate for their academic needs
- Implement Catholic Accommodation Plans and Individualized Catholic Education Plans to support students’ varying learning styles
- Provide differentiated instruction
- Communicate among parents, teachers & evaluators to assess the effectiveness of student accommodation and/or educational plans.
- Demonstrate effective use of technology to aid instruction
- Conduct Student Assistance Team meetings to identify and support students with social, emotional and/or academic needs.
- Challenge students to “own” their learning – build independence and instill responsibility


The decline in Arctic sea ice sparked by global warming is already forcing animals, including the polar bear, to adapt or die – but now scientists warn it could also be exposing them to new, deadly diseases.
A 15-year study led by Tracey Goldstein at University of California, Davis, found evidence to link Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV), which killed thousands of European harbor seals in the North Atlantic in 2002, with the presence of the virus in sea otters off Alaska in 2004.
How did it get there?
The prime suspect appears to be shrinking Arctic sea ice which is radically reshaping the region for both animals and mankind.
That includes new channels opening up along northern Russia and Canada through which animals – and disease – can pass.
“In addition to influencing animal nutrition and physiological stress, environmental shifts may drive exposure to new pathogens,” says the study, published in Scientific Reports on Thursday.
“By altering animal behavior and removing physical barriers, loss of sea ice may create new pathways for animal movement and introduction of infectious diseases into the Arctic.”
The study reported there was widespread PDV exposure and infection across the North Pacific beginning in 2003, with a peak that year and again in 2009.
“Peaks of PDV exposure and infection followed reductions in Arctic ice extent,” it said.
“Association of open water routes through Arctic sea ice with increased PDV exposure or infection suggest that opportunities for PDV and other pathogens to cross between North Atlantic and North Pacific marine mammal populations may become more common,” the study concluded.
Russia discovers five Arctic islands uncovered by melting iceRussia’s navy said on Tuesday it had discovered five new islands revealed by melting glaciers in the remote Arctic.An expedition in August and ... Variety
Russia opens first Arctic train serviceThe first tourist train travelling through Russia’s Arctic region carrying passengers heading for Norway set off from Saint Petersburg station ... Variety
Pentagon warns on risk of Chinese submarines in ArcticDeepening Chinese activities in the Arctic region could pave the way for a strengthened military presence, including the deployment of submarines to ... World News
The heat goes on: Earth sets 9th straight monthly recordJanuuary set another record: Arctic sea ice reached its lowest point for that ice-building winter month Variety
The journey of the New Arctic midnight sunPerspective


Shreve, S.M.*; Kelty, J.D; Lee, R.E.: The Preservation of Reproductive Behaviors during Chilling by a Rapid Cold-Hardening Process in Drosophila melanogaster
Rapid cold-hardening, which occurs within minutes or hours, confers protection from injury during sudden chilling. Recently, we demonstrated that rapid cold-hardening occurs during ecologically-based thermoperiods and functions to decrease the temperature at which flies enter cold torpor. However, the evolutionary significance of this process, as it relates to reproduction, has been little studied. In this study, we demonstrated that rapid cold-hardening preserves normal reproductive behaviors in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Once group of flies was rapidly cold-hardened by step transfer of the flies from 23oC to 16oC. We video taped pairs of rapidly cold hardened (RCH) flies (exposed to 16oC for 2 h) and pairs of control flies (transferred directly from 23oC) at 16oC, and measured whether they courted, the duration of courtship, and whether they mated. More RCH pairs than control pairs were able to court (17 vs. 11 pairs) and to mate (11 vs. 0 pairs). The courtship events of the RCH flies averaged 19.0�3.5 min, which was significantly longer than that of control pairs (9.5�2.2 min). We also repeated these tests at 23�C and found no significant difference between RCH and control groups in the number of pairs courting or mating. However, the event durations of the control flies (7.9�1.2 min) were significantly longer than those of the RCH pairs (4.9�0.7 min).


Almanacs were extremely popular books in the farming community, largely because of their weather predictions. Farmers would use these predictions to help plan the planting season.
Diary of Lucy Medora Walker
In 1862, Lucy Medora Walker, a woman from Springfield (Otsego County), New York, kept a diary. In addition to recording her daily events, “Dora” kept a memorandum in the back of her diary that tracked how much of her money she spent. She earned her money by picking hops.
Letter from Hinds & Allen, Hops Dealers
During the mid to late nineteenth century, hops were a major cash crop for New York State, especially central New York. Often farmers who sold hops sold them to hops dealers, who then sold them to brewing companies for beer or other customers. Hinds & Allen were hops dealers from Cooperstown, New York, who sold New York hops to customers all across the United States.
1875 Census — Wedderspoon Family
James Wedderspoon was an influential farmer in Otsego County, New York, in the late nineteenth century. His family farm was located near Cooperstown. The Wedderspoon farm grew hops, which was a major cash crop for New York State at that time. The 1875 New York State census shows what the Wedderspoon farm was worth and what was growing on the farm in 1874 and 1875.


- Carillon Bells (specially tuned).
- Carillon towers or detached Carillons
- Carillon control systems.
Carillon is a musical instrument which consist of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells which are played serially to play a melody or sounded together to play a chord. Carillons not only sound beautifully and create an exceptional atmosphere, but also enrich the tower architecture and other objects on which they were assembled. Instruments made with fewer bells are called chimes. Melodies are played on natural bells with electromagnetic hammers assembled inside the instrument. Schedules of melodies are designed according to the liturgical seasons throughout the year.
We have assembled sets of clock bells with melodies for (among others): Lichen Sanctuary (25 bells), St. John Kanty Parish in Chicago (25 bells), Old Town hall in Torun (12 bells), St. Stanislaw Bishop and Martyr Parish in Czeladz (15 bells, investor: Muzealna Czeladź), St. John Kanty Parish in Krakow (10 bells), St. Anna Collegiate in Krakow, All Saints Parish in Poznan, Franciscans Monastery in Sanok, Technical University in Czestochowa (12 bells), Town Hall in Poznan (investor: Poznan Museum), Christ the Servant Parish in Ełk, Thomas the Apostle Parish in Warsaw (15 bells), St. Martin Parish in Jarocin (15 bells, investor: Jarocin City), Roman – Catholic Parish in Mroczkow Gościnny, Siauliu Svc. M. Marijos Nekaltojo Prasidejimo Parish – Lithuania as well as an overhaul of a Carillion assembled by competitive company in St. Anthony Parish in Rybnik (15 bells).


The Market for Precision Agriculture is expected to grow at 12.5% over the next 6 years, to a 4.5 billion dollar industry. Only 5% of Agricultural Professionals in the United States employ a moisture sensor. Professionals that employ moisture sensors enjoy a reduction of anywhere between 40%-70% of water usage due to irrigation activities. We protect our innovations it with Creative Commons, Share and Share alike, which prevents anyone from closing this innovation, we are able to maximize value by easily putting it to the hands of as many people as possible. With climate change, we are experience a rapid increase in meteorological volatility, where there is going to be a higher probability of droughts. Agricultural Professionals will need tools to help them employ limited fresh water resources, while reducing waste, and preserving this precious resource.
The Optical Soil Moisture Meter is the only, optical fiber sensor, besides Fiber Braggs that can be employed in the analysis of moisture content in soils. Our sensor is alot cheaper to produce, as we are just essentially scoring the cladding of a PMMA fiber, compared to scoring the interior of a glass fiber. Our fiber is Open Source and can be produced a lot cheaper, than the conventional Fiber Bragg. Anyone with a rudimentary knowledge of electronics can easily produce it
Here is the methodology in the preparation of the PMMA fiber.
This our first trial.
This project is still in prototyping stage.


American Association of School Administrators
The American Association of School Administrators, founded in 1865, is the professional organization for more than 13,000 educational leaders across the United States. AASA members range from chief executive officers, superintendents and senior level school administrators to cabinet members, professors and aspiring school system leaders.
AASA members are the chief education advocates for children. AASA members advance the goals of public education and champion children’s causes in their districts and nationwide. As school system leaders, AASA members set the pace for academic achievement. They help shape policy, oversee its implementation and represent school districts to the public at large.
The AASA Annual Report highlights the association’s activities and accomplishments. Information includes updates on the AASA Center for System Leadership™ and the Stand Up for Public Education™ campaign, as well as the latest governance activities, advocacy initiatives, communications outreach, membership milestones, conferences and meetings activities, program and resource development and more.
AASA’s Stand Up for Public Education Campaign is a multiyear effort to support high-quality public education. The campaign is founded on the core belief that public education is vital to the continued success of American democracy and that leadership matters in improving outcomes for children.
Añadir nuevo comentario


Dogs are joyous, adventurous creatures that love investigating anything and everything. It’s one of the things that makes them such a wonderful pet. But it also means that they can get themselves in a bit of a pickle from time to time. You never know when an emergency situation might arise that requires your intervention. Being properly trained in dog first aid will help you to stay calm in a crisis. This will allow you to provide the care they need, which could potentially save their life.
An emergency could take many forms, such as a dog attack, drowning, choking, poisoning, heatstroke or a traffic accident. It’s important that you are able to recognise what is and isn’t normal behaviour for your dog. In the event of an emergency, it’s imperative that you stay calm and don’t panic. Keep the contact details of your vet in your mobile phone or in a safe place at home so you always have quick access to it.
Firstly, once your dog is out of immediate danger, you should call your vet. If you suspect your dog may have a serious injury, such as a broken bone, don’t try to deal with it on your own. Touching a painful area could cause your dog to lash out and injure you, and maybe injure themselves further too. Remember that they will be scared about what’s happening too. Don’t feed your pet or give them water unless your vet says it’s safe to do so. Keep a pen & small notepad in your pocket when you’re out and about or leave a pen and paper next to your landline incase you need to take notes when your vet is giving you instructions or if they give you an alternative phone number.
It’s also a good idea to keep a first aid kit for your pet. This will allow you to treat minor injuries by yourself. A good first aid kit should include some antiseptic wipes, dressings, tweezers, cotton wool, blunt-ended scissors, bandages, gloves, surgical tape and a thick towel.
The PDSA offers free pet first aid courses (with a £5 booking fee) across the UK throughout the year and the Blue Cross has a helpful PDF about basic first aid that is worth reading.
Thu Dec 24 2020


KARAKTERISTIK KLINIS CEDERA KEPALA PADA PEDIATRI DI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR TAHUN 2020
Head injury is one of many emergency cases in pediatric with high mortality cases. The incidence of pediatric head injury in the world, is in the range of 47-280 per 100,000 inhabitants and a total of more than 3 million cases of head injury in children occur each year. This study aims to find out more about the clinical characteristics of head injuries in children, especially patients treated at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2020. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional descriptive method using secondary data in the form of patient medical records. From the results of the research conducted, it was obtained as many as 86 cases, with the conclusion that the most cases were in the group of adolescent patients, in the age range of 13-18 years (62.8%), with the most mechanism of injury due to traffic accidents without the use of helmets (47.7%), then the most frequent GCS values ??were in the range 14-15 which were classified as mild head injury (55.8%), the most common complaint was headache (79.1%), the most common skull fractures were linear fractures (41 ,9%) and intracranial lesions with the most frequency were epidural hematomas (46.5%). The findings of this study are expected to be used as a basis for further research in pediatric head injury and to increase community awareness about child safety.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License


What is RCE Gippsland? Regional Centres of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development (RCEs) are a global network of formal and non formal education organisations that seek to empower people of all ages to assume responsibility for creating a sustainable future through public awareness and understanding, access to quality basic education, reorientating existing education and providing training programmes for all sectors. RCEs aspire to achieve the goals of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development ( DESD, 2005-2014) by translating its global objectives into the context of the local communities in which they operate.
Switched on Schools Summit
On the 28th and 29th of October 2016, The Australian Youth Climate Coalition (AYCC) and supported by local sustainability groups did a fantastic job, bringing together over 120 students from nine local high schools to talk about and tackle the issues of Sustainability and climate change for the Switched on Schools Summit, the first to ever be held in Latrobe Valley.
The students gathered at Federation University and heard from local speakers trying to create a vision for the future of the Latrobe Valley. The students, had a chance to come up with their own proposals to take implement in their school, these included proposals for vegetable gardens, sustainable food supply, solar panels, less waste, better school design and energy efficient light globes to minimise their carbon footprint.
In the Long-term, each school has a supporting volunteer that will guide them with their projects, these have been from local government agencies and some environmental groups
There were many great ideas around how young people can take action in their schools and communities.
Below are some photos of the event
For more information:


A foundation of Achievement Education is that every student has at least one positive relationship with an adult at their campus to guide them and give them the hope they need to thrive and achieve.
We believe the relationship between teacher and student is so important that we include a comprehensive, proactive and intentional approach to fostering and measuring positive student/educator relationships as a part of achievement education.
Relationships = Achieving Students
Achieving students are happy and hopeful with a strong sense of well-being and engagement.
Positive psychology researchers consider these essential building blocks for a successful and socially/emotionally balanced child and there is no better way to build a socially and emotionally achieving student than a positive relationship between students and their teacher.
See what our students are saying
“Hands down the most influential person in my life. He always knew what to say to help his students, whether it was failing a test, anxiety about the future, or helping them get through a really tough home situation. He’s my biggest role model as I go through college right now. I don’t know where I’d be without him.”
This is one of literally thousands of examples used to describe a favorite teacher in one of three “relationship surveys” conducted throughout the school year.
The Wylie Way Movement
Our Wylie Way movement and social-emotional learning support staff and students so they may flourish in these five competencies:
You must be logged in to post a comment.


Spirograph Nebula (IC 418)
This planetary nebula was discovered on 26 March 1891 by Williamina Fleming, a Scottish-American astronomer. She worked for Edward Pickering to whom John L. E. Dreyer mistakenly credited the discovery in his «Index Catalogue» appeared in 1895.
IC 418 is a planetary nebula with a high-density ellipsoidal shell, which overall morphology looks simple. A detailed view of the Hubble Space Telescope has revealed an intricate cyclic pattern that has given the «Spirograph Nebula». Magnetic fields or variable stellar wind could be responsible for these patterns. The central star has a relatively low effective temperature of 39'000 K and is in an early evolutionary stage. The distance is measured to 1.3 ± 0.4 kpc.
|Designations||PN G215.2-24.2: IC 418, PK 215-24.1, ARO 3, VV 22, VV' 32|
|Right Ascension (J2000.0)||05h 27m 28s|
|Declination (J2000.0)||-12° 41' 48"|
|Radial Velocity||+61.0 km/s ± 2.0 km/s|
|Expansion Velocity||< 6.0 km/s (O-III), 12. km/s (N-II)|
|C-Star Designations||AG82 43, BD -12 1172, EM* CDS 500, GCRV 3288, HD 35914, PLX 1239, TD1 4662|
|C-Star Magnitude||10.00 mag (B filter), 10.17 mag (V filter)|
|C-Star Spectral Type||Of(H)|
The 10 mag star ZZ Leporis with the planetary nebula IC 418 is located near the ears of the Hare (Lepus), south of Orion. Together with three other stars of about 7 mag it forms a conspicuous figure that can be seen in an eyepiece which gives approximately 1° true field of view. The best time to observe it is November to January.
Description pending ...


Effect of the microfiltration process on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation protection capacity of blackberry juice
Azofeifa Cordero, Gabriela
Quesada Mora, Silvia
Pérez Carvajal, Ana Mercedes
MetadataShow full item record
Phytochemicals are highly concentrated in berries, especially polyphenols as anthocyanins and ellagitannins. These compounds have been associated with antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anti carcinogenic activity, obesity prevention and others. Blackberries are commonly grown and consumed as juice in Latin-American countries. However, blackberry juice is easily fermented and different industrial techniques are being applied to enable the juice to be stored for longer periods. One important issue required for these techniques is to preserve the health-promoting capacities of blackberries. This study compared the antioxidant activity and the lipid peroxidation protector effect between a fresh blackberry juice (FJ) and a microfiltrated blackberry juice (MJ). Chemical analysis of both juices show less polyphenols concentration in the MJ. Despite this difference, values for biological activities, such as protection of lipid peroxidation, was not significantly different between FJ and MJ. These results suggest that the compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity are maintained even after microfiltration and the free radical scavenging capacity of these compounds could protect the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Microfiltration could be used as an industrial technique to produce blackberry juice that maintains biological activities of polyphenols.
External link to the item10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000133
- Nutrición


Phytoliths, silica bodies formed within and around plant cells, are a key part of a plant’s physiological structure that can vary in shape between species. These phytolith shapes (socalled morphotypes) can be found abundantly within grasses and vary between taxa within a subfamily either in shape or in their relative abundances and could therefore provide important evolutionary data on how specific grass subfamilies may be related. Previous work has been done on certain grass subfamilies, including Bambusoideae, to identify similarities and differences in shape within a grass subfamily. This study aims to investigate the distribution of phytolith morphotypes among three closely related grass subfamilies (Arundinoideae, Danthonioideae, and Micrairoideae). To collect this data, we conducted a morphological study on over 300 phytoliths in samples from many species within our three subfamilies. The samples were taken from leaf clearings wherein the phytoliths were isolated through chemical treatment and centrifuging to remove other organic material before staining. Samples are imaged using a confocal microscope and then patched together with computer processing to form three- dimensional phytolith images. These sample objects were compared based on phytolith morphotype three-dimensional shape, their relative abundance, location in plant tissues, and size. In addition to the morphological study of individual phytoliths, we studied cleared leaves to obtain a greater sense of the composition of morphotypes within the tissue of the grasses. The results are expected to show an overlap in similar phytolith morphotypes across clades that have similar ecological niches such as photosynthetic systems. Overall, this research aims to find a link between these three close modern subfamilies that could be compared to fossil phytoliths in order to document their evolutionary history and past distribution.
|Publication status||Unpublished - 2023|
|Event||Undergrad Research Symposium (URS) - University of Washington - University of Washington, Seattle, United States|
Duration: 19 May 2023 → 19 May 2023
|Conference||Undergrad Research Symposium (URS) - University of Washington|
|Period||19/05/23 → 19/05/23|


A multinational approach to integrating BIM into education and training
Project term: 10/2016 bis 09/2019
As part of the international Erasmus project "BIM Game", a simulation game for holistic learning of the BIM method is being developed in cooperation with the Bergische Universität Wuppertal, the Jade Hochschule Oldenburg, the University of Liège, the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture Lyon, the Polish company Datacomp and the French companies Pôle Energie Franche-Comté, ASTUS Construction and ALBIZZATI. Using a 3D building model, different scenarios are developed together over the entire life cycle of a building. The scenarios are based on the participants' level of knowledge and experience, so both students and experienced participants in construction projects can use the BIM Game to learn the BIM method in a practical way. The focus of the BIM Game is on collaborative work and the improvement of these soft factors of each individual participant. The possibility to work together in international teams supports the participants to understand and accept the different perspectives of the different roles involved in the construction as well as different cultures.
Watch the research video here.


I Have a Dream: Martin Luther King Jr.
Created by Meghan Montgomery January 2017
Applies To: Understanding and Participating in Society, Self-Awareness, Critical Thinking, Creative Expression
- To deepen the understanding and awareness of the powerful role MLK Jr. played historically for Americans of all backgrounds
- To increase self-awareness surrounding Martin Luther King Jr.’s life and powerful role in our society
- To understand the impact of Martin Luther King Jr. as well as his relationship to the geographic location in Boston and local sites and events
- Thinking more critically about racial backgrounds and skin colors
- Thinking about personal dreams and creating output around that (written and image based)
- I Have A Dream Worksheet
- Word Search Worksheet
- Paper and pens
- Dry media supplies (ex. Colored pencils, markers, crayons, etc.)
- Images of Martin Luther King Jr.
- Maps of the US to discern locations of big events and marches
- An open mind and heart
- Listen to Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech followed by discussing many features (ex. Black and white film, the tone of voices, the masses of people, the emotion embedded in the voice of a strong leader with a passion for justice, etc.)
- Reflect on the speech and begin to process some of the term used within via worksheets (ex. Word searches, Crossword Puzzles, Connect the image to term or the term to the concept, etc.)
- Reflect on member’s own personal dream and put it on paper via typing and or handwriting, followed by (if willing and appropriate) sharing the dream outloud across members and staff.


This is an excerpt from Contemporary Leadership in Sport Organizations 2nd Edition With HKPropel Access by David Scott.
On the Sidelines
In a blog posting by The Foundation for Global Sports Development, several points were made regarding the benefits and values of sport as a vehicle for social inclusion and social change worldwide, including that organizations and governments have been working tirelessly to use sport for good in the world. Here are key points:
- Anecdotal evidence that sport can create bridges where boundaries usually exist
- Youth sport research and literature stressing the effects of sport participation in learning important life skills and goal setting
- Sport participation assisting in the development of an appreciation for diversity
- The International Sport and Culture Association philosophy that sport is not just about competition and exercise but regulating behavior and creating a feeling of belonging leading to strengthening of a democracy
- The launching of the organization Laureus Sport for Good, founded by Johann Rupert in South Africa, based on the principle that “sport can bridge the gaps in society and change the way people look at the world” (Our History n.d., para. 4).
In addition, in 2016, the IOC provided US$2 million in emergency funding to aid humanitarian efforts by building sport facilities at the Open Reception Centre in Athens, Greece for refugees. The IOC also provided sport scholarships to several refugee athletes who marched behind the Olympic Flag of the first Refugee Olympic Team at the Summer Olympics Opening Ceremonies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Based on “Sports as a Tool for Social Inclusion and Social Change” (2016); “Refugee Olympic Team to Shine Spotlight on Worldwide Refugee Crisis” (2017).


Weight reduction suggestions for obese children; discover the foundation causes of childhood obesity, what parents can do to assist change their child’s behavior to create a healthier lifestyle.
Childhood obesity is now so rampant that it’s being considered an epidemic. A few of the causes of fatness include the shortage of home-cooked meals, sacrificing nutrition for feasibility, portion control, and the marketing of junk foods to kids. The risks of childhood corpulence can include serious health issues, particularly on the subject of the likelihood of developing diabetes. It’s best to make weight reduction a family affair, plus early obesity treatment involves the whole family. Here’s the way to change unhealthy behaviors and create a healthy-weight setting for the whole family.
Set practical, measurable goals on your child’s overall health requirements. For instance, start with small changes, which will likely be okay so long as you persist with them and proceed to progressively construct to a healthy eating regimen and energetic lifestyle. Be prepared for situations which will tempt your child to fall back to their old routine. For those who are concerned and wish weight reduction suggestions for obese children the next move should involve this.
- Educate yourself and your kids about food and nutrition, portion control, fat content of foods, and other topics.
- Change your child’s environment; make your private home and neighborhood more favorable to weight reduction. Be sure your kids have ample access to parks, pools, gyms, together with loads of sidewalk space for walks.
- Reduce calorie intake by replacing junk food with fruits, vegetables and low fat foods.
- Reduce fast foods by replacing them with healthier nutritious meals prepared at home, with the assistance of your kids.
- Drink fewer high sugar beverages, like sodas, fruit juice, and sports drinks, kids are drinking too many calories. In lots of cases this could be the difference between your kids being chubby or obese.
- Turn out to be more energetic, take part in after school sports, go roller skating, dancing, get out the bicycle, the more energetic they’re, the more fat calories they’ll burn.
- Most of all as caregivers we must learn to buy wiser and healthier for our youngsters. Remember, good habits start at home and can follow them into maturity. Buy foods which are low in saturated fats, trade in chips for more nutritious snacks like carrots, apples, raisins, and strawberries.


How Language Works
by Michael Gasser
Publisher: Indiana University 2006
Number of pages: 36
Chapter 2 discusses words and word meaning. Chapter 3 discusses phonological categories, the units that are combined to make word forms. Chapter 4 discusses phonological processes, the ways in which the units of word form interact with one another. Chapter 5 discusses compositionality, the principle that allows complex meanings to be expressed by combinations of words. Chapter 6 discusses how words are organized into larger units and how these allow us to refer to states and events in the world. Chapter 7 discusses how the grammars of languages divide the world into abstract conceptual categories. Chapter 8 discusses the productivity and flexibility of language and how grammar makes this possible.
Download or read it online for free here:
by Frederick W. Hamilton - Committee on education
Word study and English grammar are important for several reasons. A man's use of words is commonly taken as a measure of his knowledge and even of his intelligence. Carelessness often causes a man to be held in much less esteem than he deserves.
by Marcus Kracht - UCLA
Contents: Basic Probability Theory (Conditional Probability, Random Variables, Limit Theorems); Elements of Statistics (Estimators, Tests, Distributions, Correlation and Covariance, Linear Regression, Markov Chains); Probabilistic Linguistics.
by R.A. de Beaugrande, Wolfgang Dressler - Routledge
From the table of contents: Foreword; Basic notions; The evolution of text linguistics; The procedural approach; Cohesion; Coherence; Intentionality and acceptability; Informativity; Situationality; Intertextuality; Research and schooling; References
by Martin Wynne (ed.) - Oxbow Books
In this volume, a selection of leading experts in various key areas of corpus construction offer advice in a readable and largely non-technical style to help the reader to ensure that their corpus is well designed and fit for the intended purpose.


Will Your Celebration this Season be a "Christmas," an "X-mas" or an "X-mess"?
WHAT IS AN X-MAS
As we walk around during the Christmas Season, there is a wonderful English word we hear again and again almost everywhere. This English word is spelled CHRISTMAS in both spoken and written forms. However, there has been a growing tendency of crossing out the "Christ" part of this English word and putting a big "X" in its place. Consequently, the English name of our wonderful Lord is crossed out and this is how we end up with the word "X-mas".
Looking at it from a literal sense, an “X-mas” is the word you get when you cross “Christ” out of “Christmas.”
So in this context, an "X-Mass" is simply a "Christmas" without "Christ".
WHAT DOES THE "X" IN "X-MAS" MEAN?
The “X” in “X-mas” can mean so many things. But to a mathematician, X is commonly used to symbolize the unknown. Today, Christ is indeed unknown in many Christmas parties. He seems to be unwanted and he is usually cancelled out and often forgotten in most Christmas celebrations.


As we have looked at before, a failure in hydraulic cylinders is quite often related to a seal failure. Although the price of a seal is not particularly high, domino effects can make this a very expensive occurrence. The financial costs of loss of production, engineer downtime and / or calling in engineers can soon add up. It’s for these reasons that it’s important to look at what is causing the failure of the seal first.
The key issues behind seal failure are:
Bad installation of seal. When the seal is installed, the following facts need to be considered as this is something that can easily go awry:
· Is the equipment and the room clean enough to insert the seal?
· Protect the seal from cuts or any damage that may prevent it from working at its optimum performance.
· Lubrication needs to be correct
· The seal gland should not be overtightened.
· The seal must be placed the right side up.
Another primary cause of failure of hydraulic seals. Dirt, mud, dust or grit or even internal contamination through metal chips circulating can have a devastating impact on hydraulic seals. Once hydraulic fluid starts to breakdown it can turn to sludge. Another entry point for contamination is the rod retraction cycle. This is why it’s important to install a rod wiper and why the fluid system needs to be well filtered.
Incorrect material. Seals manufactured with unsuitable materials can lead to chemical breakdown. This can occur due to the changing of hydraulic fluid also. Watch for discolouration of your seal to identify when it’s undergoing chemical attack.
Degradation from heat. Once you see the seal change colour and go hard or brittle then there could be heat degradation going on. This can lead to loss of seal. It could be that you need to change the material of the seal, or even increase lubrication.
Summary. Sometimes seals fail because they aren’t the right size or the conditions for them are not optimal. If you cannot change the conditions, at least ensure that you have the right size seal, made from quality material and you should see some improved results.


Like many other Buddhist countries in Southeast Asia, Cambodian New Year falls in April that makes this month one of the most ideal months for travelling. As the turn of New Year is particularly important, this special event can be considered as one of the most colorful festivals Cambodia.
Cambodian New Year/ Khmer New Year
- Time: usually fall on April 13th or 14th, depending on the ancient horoscope MohaSangkran.
- Duration: 3 days
- Location: Throughout Laos
- Meaning: The Cambodian New Year is celebrated to mark the beginning of Cambodian New Year and the end of the harvest.
Originated from Bramhmanism, a part of Hinduism, the Cambodian New Year is the occasion for Cambodians to decorate their homes to please the Heaven God. During the festival, street corners are often full of people enjoying a break from routine, filling their free time dancing and play. Typically Khmer games help maintain one’s mental and physical dexterity. On the first day or Koha Sonkran, the Cambodians make offerings and prayers at local temples and wash themselves with holy water at various times of the day. Wanabat or Day 2 is a day of service to the poor, homeless and needy.
On the third day or Leung Sakk, the Cambodians clean their elders and Buddha statues with perfumed water as an act to invite good luck and happiness. In Phnom Penh, the Cambodian royal family calls upon the king to promise allegiance and to wish him good health. The day continues such entertainment as boxing, elephant and horse races and a royal procession. It can be said that this festival is one of the happiest times of the year with joyous smiling faces everywhere you come.


The Utah State Capitol sits on the aptly named Capitol Hill above downtown Salt Lake City. Completed in 1916 it’s style is similar to most of the state capitol buildings in the U.S.
As always this posting is not meant to document all the features of the building, rather to reflect on some of the more photogenic views.
The lions guarding the side of the building were originally made out of concrete, but were replaced during a 4 year overall capitol restoration project ending in 2008. They are now made out of Italian marble, and were completed by Nick Fairplay.
This glass window features the ubiquitous Utah beehive. The beehive symbolizes the belief that the community works together as a whole to improve life for all.
One of the two grand marble staircases. Each staircase has a massive mural depicting the mormon settlement of Utah.
The rotunda ceiling. When the building was first completed the rotunda remained unfinished for 20 years until the cyclorama was completed in 1934.
The artwork around the rotunda was completed at the same time.
This bust is of the native Ute hunter and fur trader Unca Sam.
Nearby is a bust of Ute leader John Duncan.
Noted Utah inventor Philo T Farnsworth is also featured on the 4th floor gallery. Among his many discoveries Farnsworth is credited with inventing the first complete television.
Also from the 4th floor many of the details visible.


Foundational Financial Skills
Our experiential game can be played in class, through distance learning or in combination.
Over the course of the game, while dealing with new business challenges and opportunities, students are introduced to fundamental concepts in financial literacy, including long-term planning, debt, interest and more.
Throughout the game, students use essential money management tools, including bank accounts, budgets, and bank statements, building essential skills that translate into positive impacts in their lives.
Teachers are provided full resources (lesson plans, slide decks, etc.) and one-on-one support to deliver the game with their class.
The game is well-suited for use in the following classes: Careers, Accounting, Entrepreneurship, Business; as well as service-learning environments.
Careers I Business I Accounting I Entrepreneurship
One-on-one support and straightforward onboarding materials make it easy for instructor to get started. Instructors do not need financial expertise to facilitate game use.
Instructors control the pace of game play, adapting to meet student needs. The game can be the central focus of your class, or used to illustrate a few key concepts – it’s up to you.
Lessons have been built to achieve key financial learning outcomes. We adapt materials to suit your particular curricular objectives for maximum impact.
Instructor dashboards allow you to monitor student progress in real-time. With Forward Vision Games, you create a high-quality adaptive learning environment.
The game is designed to advance skills across a broad spectrum learners.


The number of couples who live together before marriage has reportedly increased about 900 percent over the last fifty years. Dozens of studies completed in the last few decades have indicated that couples who live together before marriage are significantly more likely to divorce. However, a new study completed by the Council on Contemporary Families finds little connection between couples who live together before marriage and those that don’t when it comes to divorce.
What the Study Found
According to the study’s authors it is not cohabitation before marriage that leads to an increased chance of divorce, but more specific factors about some couples who live together before marriage. Specifically, couples who live together before marriage and who do so when they are younger than 23 may be more likely to divorce. According to researchers, couples under the age of 23:
- May not choose compatible partners
- May not act in ways that are able to sustain long term relationships
- May never complete college
- May move in together faster in order to share living expenses and not because of their relationship
Living together before marriage is a national trend. The Council on Contemporary Families found that couples have lived together for an average of 31 months prior to marriage in about two-thirds of new marriages.
This research will be published in the April 2014 edition of the Journal of Marriage and Family.
Do you have friends or relatives concerned about living together before marriage or wondering about the cause of their Seattle divorce? Please share this article on Facebook or Twitter to give them more information about this recent study.


Storytelling to Samba Music
Wisdom Song workshops use call and response singing to encourage self-expression and to highlight the role of elders in intergenerational community.
Click here for the song sheet
The call happens when one person sings a phrases to which everyone sings a chorus response.
Joy and celebration is the energetic base in the Afro-Brazilian ceremony of the Samba Roda (music and singing circle). In the circle, elders tell stories, singing of life experiences and perspectives that come only with age. It is of the greatest value to the community when the knowledge and wisdom of elders is honored and experienced. Song is a potent and pleasurable medium through which life lessons are passed on to future generations.
Let's Get Singing
This workshop has an easy format. A small group of elders gather. A simple percussion beat is played then we take turns singing leads parts and choruses. Lyrics can be learned from a set of traditional calls, or written beforehand, or even improvised at the moment.
The energy of the throw and catch (the back and forth) of call and response, is designed to help everyone create masterful music. Workshop facilitators use various traditional and contemporary teaching modalities that grantee successful participation. Everyone will find a path and pace of creation that unleashes the potential in us all to sing joyous offerings to and for our community.


How does language and communicability reflect the nature of God?
Because there are multiple languages across the world, it is easy for modern people to assume that language is a human invention. But no one invented it. It is actually a gift from God--the whole multiplicity of languages. God is the source. And, according to the Bible, God is the original speaker.
The first speech is God himself: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1). The Word is also known as the divine Son, who is Jesus Christ. God has also indicated that he created everything by speaking. "God said, 'Let there be light,' and there was light" (Gen. 1:3; see Ps. 33:6, 9). When he created mankind in Adam, he spoke to Adam (Gen. 1:28-30).
As a result, human language reflects divine language. In fact, it reflects God in his Trinitarian character. There is one God who is three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Because there is one God, language is a unified whole. But there is also a diversity of persons, resulting in a diversity of meanings in language.
Vern Poythress, Ph.D. is distinguished professor of New Testament, Biblical Interpretation, and Systematic Theology at Westminster Theological Seminary.
For Professor Poythress' full treatment of this question:
Vern S. Poythress, In the Beginning Was the Word: Language--A God-Centered Approach (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009).


Chapter 12.—That Jupiter is Also Called Pecunia.
How elegantly they have accounted for this name! “He is also called Pecunia,” say they, “because all things belong to him.” Oh how grand an explanation of the name of a deity! Yes; he to whom all things belong is most meanly and most contumeliously called Pecunia. In comparison of all things which are contained by heaven and earth, what are all things together which are possessed by men under the name of money? 274 And this name, forsooth, hath avarice given to Jupiter, that whoever was a lover of money might seem to himself to love not an ordinary god, but the very king of all things himself. But it would be a far different thing if he had been called Riches. For riches are one thing, money another. For we call rich the wise, the just, the good, who have either no money or very little. For they are more truly rich in possessing virtue, since by it, even as re p. 130 spects things necessary for the body, they are content with what they have. But we call the greedy poor, who are always craving and always wanting. For they may possess ever so great an amount of money; but whatever be the abundance of that, they are not able but to want. And we properly call God Himself rich; not, however, in money, but in omnipotence. Therefore they who have abundance of money are called rich, but inwardly needy if they are greedy. So also, those who have no money are called poor, but inwardly rich if they are wise.
What, then, ought the wise man to think of this theology, in which the king of the gods receives the name of that thing “which no wise man has desired?” 275 For had there been anything wholesomely taught by this philosophy concerning eternal life, how much more appropriately would that god who is the ruler of the world have been called by them, not money, but wisdom, the love of which purges from the filth of avarice, that is, of the love of money!
Pecunia,that is, property; the original meaning of pecunia being property in cattle, then property or wealth of any kind. Comp. Augustin, De discipl. Christ. 6.130:275
Sallust, Catil. c. 11.


A Brief History of Genetics
Biological inheritance, the passage of key characteristics down the generations, has always held mankind’s fascination. It is fundamental to the breeding of plants and animals with desirable traits. Genetics, the scientific study of inheritance, can be traced back to a particular set of simple but ground-breaking studies carried out 170 years ago. The awareness that numerous diseases are inherited gives this subject considerable medical importance. The progressive advances in genetics now bring us to the point where we have unravelled the entire human genome, and that of many other species. We can intervene very precisely with the genetic make-up of our agricultural crops and animals, and even ourselves. Genetics now enables us to understand cancer and develop novel protein medicines. It has also provided us with DNA fingerprinting for the solving of serious crime. This book explains for a lay readership how, where and when this powerful science emerged.
Dr Chris Rider gained his BSc followed by a PhD from the Department of Biochemistry at Sheffield University, UK, where he continued as a Medical Research Council-funded researcher, also being appointed as an Honorary Lecturer. He then moved to Royal Holloway University of London, eventually becoming Reader in Matrix Biology, where he supervised externally-funded biochemical research on topics encompassing neuroscience, the immune system, plant molecular biology, HIV and growth factors. During this time he also spent a 12-month sabbatical research period as Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Biological Chemistry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. Following his retirement from full-time employment, he remains a Visiting Lecturer at Royal Holloway. During his career, he has published more than 40 peer-reviewed research papers, co-authored two scientific reviews, and written two academic book chapters.
There are currently no reviews for this title. Please do revisit this page again to see if some have been added.
Buy This Book


One of the scariest things to imagine is if diseases like cancer or diabetes became contagious. Unfortunately for us, diabetes might be now.
Researchers from the University of Texas have led a study that revealed a type of misbehaving protein might be the cause of some cases of type 2 diabetes. It also indicated that diabetes could be potentially contracted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even through birth! This doesn’t mean that diabetes is a viral disease that can be caught in the subway or doctor’s office. There needs to be further research to assess how dangerous this protein could be to society.
The University of Texas researchers studied mice to test whether clumps of a misfolded protein called amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), taken from the pancreas could spread and produce diabetes like symptoms when transferred between individuals. Toxic clumps of misfolded proteins similar to those in neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes. While the cause of type 2 diabetes is yet to be discovered, researchers have identified genetic and environmental factors that could help stimulate the disease.
Proteins like IAPP can twist into forms that are more likely to clump as a result of mutations. This has also been identified in a number of people with type 2 diabetes. A better-known cause misfolded proteins are the prion, the main protein infamously known as Mad Cow Disease. It can also be referred to as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
The prions can be passed to humans and it sometimes causes a debilitating neurological condition called variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The clumps spread the misfolding mutation by seeding new clumps, causing other proteins to bend the wrong way and stick around.
To test prion like mechanisms in diabetes, the researcher’s cultured pancreatic tissue from healthy humans and from mice that had been genetically altered to produce large amounts of human IAPP. Adding material from older mice with type 2 diabetes caused the IAPP to form in both sets of tissue cultures.


The goal of this chapter is to present three kind of thin films for the materials, done by Chemical Bath Deposition technique, the materials are CdS, PbS and CuS. The characterization has been diversified, but consisting mainly X-ray Diffraction (XRD) giving hexagonal, cubic and amorphous structures of CdS, PbS and CuS respectively. The Raman dispersion let to found the characteristics peaks of vibration, one for the CdS located on 300.7 cm−1, three for PbS and two more for the CuS. We use X-rays Photoelectron Spectroscopy to formalize the chemical composition analysis, from this analysis we could to proof the high purity of the chemical bath deposition method in the materials preparation. We used UV-Vis Spectroscopy to determine simple optical responses, getting the biggest transmittances of 72% for CdS, 45% for PbS, and 80% for CuS, and direct energy band gaps of 2.47 eV for CdS, 1.78 eV for CuS as ground and with thermic annealing 2.45 eV which is believed result of amorphous to crystalline morphology changes, the indirect bandgap 0.94 eV is measured too. The AFM given information about the surface morphology and roughness, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrography shows the polycrystallinity nature of the CuS including the smooth.
Part of the book: Thin Film Processes