The latest in the war against countries of today are inflicting as much damage as possible by hurting the citizens or breaking up properties. This is made by terrorists and the scenario where the attack happens is called terrorism. When one country is attacked, the attacker gets its dose of revenge in the form of counter-terrorism. Now the world has gone aware of what the latest technology had been contributing in order to maximize the damage one does the other. When technology went on par with the advent of the internet, everything has changed with terrorism.
Just the same government and federal authorities did their best to enhance their powers in preventing world terrorism and the way it changes the world in general.
Technology plays a great role in preventing world terrorism just as it also plays a much bigger role in challenging these terrorist attacks. In an utmost attempt for widespread world peace, the world had gone too dependent on technologies through the following:
From the time a terrorism plan is set, there are silent detectors and spy imaging elements set to measure and see whatever plans and innovative perspective of attacks. It may not be as accurate as it should but at least, a small detail is better than zero information altogether.
Just as attackers have been too intelligent in planning out massive destruction, the federal and armed forces of the government are also preparing counterintelligence tricks in order to get to the bottom of all the unessential plans.
In an attempt to get everyone in the same circle, military forces are making sure everyone in the team around the country is aligned with the plans of overcoming the challenging attempts the terrorists have against known terrorists.
An integrated approach to fight terrorism, in general, have been set and organized with the use of advanced technology. Well-organized and straightforward systems have been produced in order to get the possibilities alerted and intercepted before it happens.
The rise of horrible scenarios where world terrorisms created fear among the citizens and as a result, the government has been doing all things possible, with the aid of technology in order to counter such fears and put back the citizen’s trust among those who are seated in the government. The setup is pretty plain. You can see that technology has been the greatest empowerment terrorists have from the time the attack is planned until the time that this is laid out and put into action. Most of the time, terrorists care less whether the damage would be huge, that is to the people or to the society in general.


Method of Prompt Evasive Manuever Selection to Alter Ship's Course or Speed
Keywords:Safety of navigation, Collision avoidance, Evasive maneuver, Multiple unacceptable ship course and speed values
One of the most important challenges of modern shipping is the problem of improving the level of safety at sea and enhancing accident-free ship operation. World fleet accident rates have a direct impact on both the safety of human life at sea and on the environment. Ship collisions have a particular place in accident statistics. They are caused by increasing ship deadweight, growing speeds, dense traffic and the presence of navigational hazards, which, combined, considerably increase navigation complexity, especially in coastal and restricted waters. These factors contribute to emergencies, incidents and situations, which, in turn, are characterized by rapidly changing circumstances. The aforementioned features of the navigation process call for the development and application of modern methods of operation and flexible evaluation of the situation at hand, as well as for the development of new approaches to evasive maneuver selection, including computer and information technologies, to ensure the safety of navigation. Thus, the development of modern methods and ways of prompt selection of an appropriate evasive maneuver to alter a ship's course or speed, which is the subject of this paper, is an important research trend. The paper also proposes a method of prompt evasive maneuver selection to prevent collisions by altering the ship's course or reducing its speed by active and passive braking. Analytical expressions used to calculate the limits of unacceptable ship course and ship speed values, taking into account the braking mode, are presented. The author's recommended optimum evasive maneuver is presented, and a technique of prompt evasive maneuver selection aimed at altering a ship’s course or speed by active and passive braking is developed.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2022 Transactions on Maritime Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Autopoiesies Aspects on Agile Software Development Teams
Self-organizing teams have been recognized and studied in various forms. The brief history of self-organizing teams and their recent popularity with agile method warrants some amount of research in this paper within software engineering. In particular; there is an increased interest in research on agile software development teams. In dearth of research on self-organizing in agile teams, this paper shows; how agile teams organize themselves. This paper presents results of a grounded theory, study involving the 58 agile practitioners from 23 different software organizations in New Zealand and India conducted over period of four years. In this paper, agile methods are developed as response to the weakness of traditional software development models. Agile methods are better than the traditional software development models and provide changes through an iterative and incremental style of development. It allows the iterations to focus on this prioritized customer. Agile methods encourage continuous customer involvement and feedback. Some flavors of agile methods included in this paper are: Dynamic software development method (Dsdm), Feature driven development (Fdd), Adaptive software development. These roles of Autopoisies are: 1. Mentor, Co-coordinator, 2. Translator, 3. Champion, Promoter, and Terminator.
Keywords: Self-organizing, team roles, software engineering, Agile software
development, grounded theory
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Plumbing Systems – Water
Plumbing Systems – Getting Water Into the House
This incorporates getting the water into the house or building either as a direct or indirect feed. Directly from the main supply into the system (also known as a high pressure system) or to indirectly fill a water holding tank (to lower the pressure in the system and known as a low pressure system), which in turn feeds into the building or house.
Once in the building (the pipes) the water under pressure is released directly to the cold taps and toilet cistern and also to the hot water cylinder, which in turn feeds to the hot water taps.
To simplify it, if the water enters directly into the system from the mains supply it is called a high-pressure system, if it goes through a holding tank it is a low-pressure system.
So why do we have the two plumbing systems for getting water into the house?
Both plumbing systems in different circumstances produce our desired results which is getting water to our taps, but depending on the amount of pressure that feeds the water into the building determines if it is a high or low-pressure system. A low-pressure system will have a holding tank in the ceiling to contain the water from the mains or from an alternative water supply. That is why we need to have two different types of plumbing fittings to cope with the different levels of water pressure.
There are two reasons why a low-pressure system may be in place.
1) The system is old and not able to take the pressure of the water main even through a pressure reducing valve.
2) Or the water feed is slow without much pressure at the source, so a holding tank and header pipe are used to create enough pressure for the system to work effectively.
Today most new systems are high pressure, as the modern fittings and pressure reducing valves are able to cope with the mains pressure.
This also means that items such as hot water cylinders are able to cope with the pressure and consequently the shower that you receive is no longer a dribble.
More plumbing and drainage information
Plumbing and drainage
Types of pipes for plumbing


By NATALIJA MARSHALL, age 10
A “Bully Free Zone” sign, at a school in Berea, Ohio. PHOTO: Doktory/WikiMedia
One out of ten kids in elementary school (grades one to four) get bullied as often as every day, according to the anti-bullying website Coast Kids. A big portion of bullying occurs in areas such as the cafeteria, the playground, on school buses and in the hallways. Harassment through the use of cell phones, social media and the internet – or cyber-bullying – is another way kids are picked on. According to the National Education Association’s nationwide study of bullying, bullies tend to target kids who are non-conformists, different-looking, overweight, disabled, immigrants or who seem unlikely to defend themselves.
Bullying involves excluding someone from a group, threatening, name calling, hitting, kicking, spreading rumors, influencing relationships in a negative way and doing so in an intentional and repeated manner.
Why do kids bully in the first place? There are many reasons why kids choose to bully. Catherine Bradshaw, a psychologist at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, says “[Bullying] provides these kids with a sense of power.” Sometimes, family issues, social issues or their own personal history may make kids feel like they don’t have power or control. Harassing other kids gives the bully a sense of power.
There are many ways to try and get out of a bullying situation. Websites such as the National Crime Prevention Council and eHow advise kids to stay strong, walk away from the bully and tell an adult. Kids can tell the bully to stop, but experts advise not to fight back with mean or cruel words because someone could get seriously hurt, either emotionally or physically. Kids who are shy might even try to tell a joke to lighten up the mood and possibly make new friends.
1 thought on “Are You a Bully?”
this was a educational article


HMS Raleigh was a light cruiser commissioned in the Royal Navy in 1921. It became the flagship of the Atlantic and West Indies Squadron under Vice-Admiral William Pakenham. On August 8, 1922 it left Hawkes Bay on the northern peninsula of Newfoundland on a short trip north to Forteau Bay in southern Labrador. Apparently, the officers wanted to do some fly fishing there. Nearing Forteau Bay, the ship encountered fog and soon after ran aground close to the Point Amour lighthouse. Out of the crew of 797, 11 were lost in the shipwreck. The hundreds of survivors were taken into the homes of the lightkeepers and local families. The ship's captain and navigator were found responsible for the shipwreck in the subsequent court martial.
The crew salvaged belongings, supplies and classified materials in the weeks following the shipwreck. The Royal Navy salvaged machinery and guns until 1926, when the Raleigh was used for gunnery practice by other Royal Navy warships. The aim was a "cosmetic demolition". Over the following decades, different salvage operations further destroyed the wreck's structure. In the 1960s, extensive use of explosives for salvage left only a debris field, including large quantities of unexploded 7.5 inch shells. Since then Royal Canadian Navy divers have surveyed and removed unexploded ordanace on several occassions. In 2012, divers from the Underwater Archaeology Society of British Columbia conducted initial surveys of the wreck site.
For more information on this shipwreck, choose items from the menu on the right.


African American Essays from the 1920s
Originally published in The Messenger, these essays are collected here for the first time, and include pieces on their home states by Wallace Thurman, Anita Scott Coleman, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Charles S. Johnson, E. Franklin Frazier, Wallace Thurman, & George Schuyler.
Originally published in The Messenger, “the most vibrant and controversial black journal in the nation” at the time, these essays represent an unexamined chapter in African American cultural history and provide a unique overview of social and cultural life during this crucial decade for race relations in the United States. While most scholarly attention on African American culture in the 1920s has focused on life in the major East Coast cities or the South, these essays are written by a highly diverse, eclectic group of African American writers from thirty different states, charged with assessing African American life in their home state. Socialists and pro-business writers, cultural nationalists and assimilationists, fiction writers, sociologists, theater critics, representatives of the New Negro group, the NAACP, and the union movement, and a series of idiosyncratic, nonaligned writers help give a fuller sense of the diversity of African American intellectual and cultural life in the 1920s than can be found in any other single source.
The Messenger organized the series of essays in a direct response to a series in The Nation the year before (“These United States”) by Sinclair Lewis, Theodore Dreiser, Willa Cather, and others, which had a single African American author (W.E.B. Du Bois).
Among the essayists are Anita Scott Coleman, William H. Ferris, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Charles S. Johnson, E. Franklin Frazier, Theophilus Lewis, Wallace Thurman, Roy Wilkins, George Schuyler, and Mamie Elaine Francis. The focus on the actual lived experience of African Americans across the nation provides copious materials for cultural study unavailable in any other collection.


What’s Bugging Your Blue Box?
While the bees are getting all the good buzz, ticks are getting a bad rap – and for good reason. These little critters carry a potentially life-threatening disease – Lyme Disease.
There are some really interesting facts about ticks, that you probably didn’t know. For example, Health.com provides us with these facts:
- Ticks are not insects, they are arachnids, which means they are more closely related to spiders.
- Only a few types of ticks spread diseases, with the biggest culprit being the black-legged tick.
- If a tick bites you, it’ll probably stick around for a few days.
- Ticks don’t start transmitting diseases ASAP.
- Ticks can spread multiple diseases at once.
- Most internet home remedies don’t work.
- You SHOULD remove a tick with a pair of tweezers.
- The symptoms from tick-borne illnesses can show up within a few days.
- Not everyone with Lyme disease will get a rash.
- Just because a tick can transmit diseases, it doesn’t mean it will.
- Lyme disease rates have been climbing steadily.
- There’s no Lyme disease vaccine for humans, but there’s one for dogs.
- You’re most at risk for a tick bite in the summer.
- You can protect yourself against ticks.
- You should do a tick check every two to three hours.
Ticks live in a variety of places, including long, tall grass. This can become a hazard for a recycling truck driver when they are collecting your curbside blue box. Placing your blue box out of the long grass can help prevent potential tick bites. Keeping your grass trimmed as well deters ticks from making a cosy home in this safe and shady area.
Ticks are tougher than we think…they’re very hard to kill. Preventing the opportunity for a tick to live near your home is the best defence we have!


- Attached is a PowerPoint presentation that explains
* Why teachers should use Graphic Organizers
* Multiple modes of creating Graphic Organizers
- Professional Development
- Graduate / Professional
- Material Type:
- Teaching/Learning Strategy
- Joanna Schimizzi, Stacy Lovdahl
- Date Added:
- Creative Commons Attribution
- Media Format:
- Downloadable docs, Graphics/Photos, Text/HTML
No evaluations yet.
As the high school instructional program facilitator for my district, I am always looking for resources to support teachers in best classroom practices. Graphic organizers are a great way to engage students in critical thinking.
* Partial alignment by covering only the "Teachers keep abreast of evolving research about student learning" part of standard/element and should be considered as part of a learning opportunity that would address the standard (I struggled with how to address standard alignment with this resource. See comments below).
*Coaching Tool support material for mentor/coach is insufficient.
-Provides research to show factors related to student achievement.
-Provides an example of a bubble map template in Google Drawing.
-There is great potential for this resource to address the importance of using graphic organizers.
-Update this presentation so users do not have to be present at a workshop to access and understand the information (add working links and perhaps change it to a Google Slides presentation rather than PowerPoint).
-Provide information that helps to explain the research supporting using graphic organizers.
-Provide examples of graphic organizers for different content areas.


By Mike Fossano
Three orphaned grizzly bear cubs will soon call the Detroit Zoo home. The 10-month-old brothers were orphaned in October after their mother was shot and killed by a poacher.
The bears are being cared for at Anchorage’s Alaska Zoo and are scheduled to arrive in Detroit by the end of November.
“It’s tragic that the cubs’ mother was killed. We will take good care of them,” said Ron Kagan, Detroit Zoological Society Executive Director.
The poacher who shot the mother grizzly has been arrested and will be prosecuted.
After the mother was killed, her cubs were spotted several times wandering through residential areas near Anchorage foraging for food.
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game contacted the Detroit Zoo seeking sanctuary for the bears because they didn’t think that the cubs would survive the harsh Alaska winter without their mother.
It’s worth noting that the Detroit Zoo is also home to two other rescued grizzly bears. Female Kintla, 27, was captured by Montana’s Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks in 1986 and male Lakota, 26, came via Yellowstone National Park after being deemed a public threat by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
The three cubs are approximately 2½ feet tall and weigh 100 to 125 pounds. Once they arrive at the Detroit Zoo, they will be out of public view for 30 days while they undergo health screenings and get acclimated with their new surroundings.
The grizzly bear, which can grow to 8 feet tall and 800 pounds, has a lifespan of 25 years in the wild. It is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act; only about 1,000 remain in the continental U.S.


Internet of Everything (IoE)
The Internet of Everything (IoE) is a concept that extends the Internet of Things (IoT) emphasis on machine-to-machine (M2M) communications to describe a more complex system that also encompasses people and processes.
The concept of the Internet of Everything originated at Cisco, who defines IoE as "the intelligent connection of people, process, data and things." Because in the Internet of Things, all communications are between machines, IoT and M2M are sometimes considered synonymous. The more expansive IoE concept includes, besides M2M communications, machine-to-people (M2P) and technology-assisted people-to-people (P2P) interactions.
The Internet of Things, in its broadest conceptualization, includes any type of physical or virtual object or entity that can be made addressable and given the ability to transmit data without human-to-machine input -- those are the things in the IoT. Things are often items that would not have been networked in the past; automation of thing communications is also central to the IoT concept. The IoE, on the other hand, also includes user-generated communications and interactions associated with the global entirety of networked devices.


Have you ever noticed greenish slippery patches on concrete pathways after a rainfall? Or greyish black patches on old slices of bread? Both of these are examples of microorganisms or minute living organisms in our everyday environment, which can only be seen using an instrument called a microscope. In this chapter, we will understand microorganisms and their importance for human beings. We will also learn how to distinguish good microorganisms from harmful ones.
Topics covered in NCERT Solutions Chapter 2 - Microorganisms: Friend And Foe
Types of microorganisms:
How to prevent the growth of microbes in food
Where are microorganisms found
Uses of microorganisms to humans
Diseases caused by microorganisms in
Microorganisms are the smallest known living organisms on earth. They are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. They are also known as microbes. Microbes may be unicellular or multicellular. They form colonies or grow in clusters. They can be seen in patchy or mouldy designs, which are colonies of millions of microorganisms. Microbes can move from one place to another using their flagella, a tail-like propeller that helps them move forward. They swim by moving all parts of their body. They reproduce by cellular division. Some microorganisms, such as green algae, can make their food, but most of them are parasites.
Some microbes, such as viruses, can survive in dormant states till they find a host to multiply.
For example, the blackish-grey substance on bread is a fungus, and the greenish patch on concrete is algae. These organisms can be seen and studied with the help of a magnifying lens in a microscope.


Essay on Teaching Profession: The Teaching Profession is an honorable and esteemed profession. It is one of the most important professions as it shapes the future of the nation. It is a profession that requires dedication, sincerity and commitment.
Teaching is an art and a science. It is an art because it involves creativity and innovation. It is a science because it involves knowledge and understanding. A good teacher is one who can combine both these aspects to create an effective learning environment for his or her students.
>>>> Read Also: ” Paragraph On E-Learning For Students”
The teaching profession is a demanding one. It requires long hours and hard work. But it is also a very rewarding profession. A good teacher can make a huge difference in the lives of his or her students.
A teacher has the power to change the destiny of a nation. A good teacher can inspire and motivate his or her students to do great things. A good teacher can instill in his or her students a love for learning and a passion for excellence.
The teaching profession is a noble profession. It is a calling to serve the society. It is a profession of commitment and hard work. It has huge rewards. A good teacher contributes in the change of life of his students.
>>> Read Also: “Paragraph on Wonders of Science”
Teaching is therefore one of the most important professions in the world. It is a profession that shapes the future of the nation. It is a profession that requires dedication and commitment. And, in all, teacher is all who shapes the destiny of world.
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LITERACY AND ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE:
Window to the World is an interactive curriculum for beginning to intermediate students using the JESUS Film to teach English as a second language as well as "deepen a student's understanding of who Jesus is and what He came to do." The 12-lesson curriculum comes as a cd-rom with clips of the JESUS Film embedded into the lessons; a separate DVD of the JESUS Film is also included.
After attending a training on Teaching English as a Foreign Language, I was given a list of the following online resources. These are not from a Christian perspective and are primarily for British websites, but could be helpful in planning lessons.


The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a pilot programme for insulin prequalification to boost access to diabetes treatment.
Under the two-year programme, primarily meant for low and middle-income countries, WHO will assess insulin developed by manufacturers for quality, safety, efficacy and affordability.
It is in line with the organisation’s measures to address rising diabetes burden.
Discovered nearly ten decades ago, insulin is required by patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, high prices are known to hinder access to the medication.
WHO prequalification is intended to improve the availability of quality products on the international market, offering more options at lower prices.
WHO director-general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said: “Diabetes is on the rise globally, and rising faster in low-income countries. Too many people who need insulin encounter financial hardship in accessing it, or go without it and risk their lives.
“WHO’s prequalification initiative for insulin is a vital step towards ensuring everyone who needs this life-saving product can access it.”
The organisation noted that currently, three manufacturers cater to the majority of the global insulin market with prices not accessible for many people and countries.
Data collected from 24 countries between 2016 and 2019 suggests that insulin and analogue insulins were available in 61% and 13% health facilities, respectively.
According to data, insulin supply for one month will cost 22% of a worker’s earnings in Accra, Ghana.
In developed countries, patients usually have to store insulin, which could have a life-threatening impact on those who do not obtain the appropriate amount.
Prequalified products from added companies are expected to improve competition and allow a steadier insulin supply in all countries.
In addition to insulin prequalification, WHO is planning to create price reduction strategies for analogues, update diabetes treatment guidelines, as well as enhance delivery systems and access to diagnostics to lower disease burden.


A new Phase II clinical trial has begun in West Africa to evaluate three vaccination strategies for the prevention of Ebola virus.
The French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) are conducting the trial under the Partnership for Research on Ebola Vaccination (PREVAC) international consortium.
The vaccine candidates for the PREVAC trial are being supplied by pharmaceutical firms Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Bavarian Nordic and Merck Sharp & Dohme.
The two-stage, randomised Phase II trial will compare the three vaccination strategies with placebo regimens in more than 5,000 adults and children to determine the most potential strategy.
The rapidity, intensity and duration of the immune responses, as well as the safety and tolerability of the vaccines will also be examined.
The first stage of the trial is to be performed in Guinea and Liberia and will assess the combination of Janssen and Nordic experimental vaccines in 600 subjects aged 12 years and above.
A first dose of Ad26.ZEBOV will be followed by a booster dose of MVA-BN-Filo after eight weeks.
Expected to be initiated in the second half of this year, the second stage of the trial will evaluate the first stage regimen, alongside two other regimens, rVSVG-ZEBOV-GP4 and rVSVG-ZEBOV-GP, which include the vaccine by Merck.
This part of the trial will include 3,500 healthy participants aged 18 or older and 1,400 children aged one to 17.
The firm intends to further conduct the trial at Sierra Leone, in addition to the sites in Guinea and Liberia.
Image: Study volunteer receiving inoculation. Photo: courtesy of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).


Secretary of State
The secretary of State in the United States is an extremely powerful job. Research papers on this position point out that the President seeks the advice of the Secretary of State on foreign affairs and looks to him or her as his or her chief advisor. You can have a custom research paper written on the duties of the Secretary of State or any aspect of the position within the State Department and the in the Foreign Service field of the United States.
A few of the more notable duties of the Secretary of State include the following:
The Secretary of State does the negotiating for the United States, on the behalf of the President, for all foreign policy.
- In charge of passports
- Advises the President on diplomatic representatives for the US
- Negotiates treaties and agreements with foreign organizations and nations
- Keeps the public informed on all issues of US foreign relations
The job of Secretary of State is extremely complex. You can have a research paper written on any aspect of the job or any former Secretary of State for the United States. Since it is one of the most interesting and important positions in the government, a great research paper is easily composed.
The position of Secretary of State was created in 1789 and was one of the first senior executive positions in the US government. The Secretary of State is considered a cabinet position of the President's chief advisors. Decisions for this position are guided by the Constitution of the United States of America. An interesting fact, only 3 women have held this position in the United States:
- Hilary Clinton
- Madeleine Albright
- Condoleezza Rice
The President suggests a candidate for the position but it is the Senate that must approve the individual ultimately. Some great men in history have been Secretary of State, men like Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Henry Kissinger and John Quincy Adams, to name just a few.


Collision with turbines at wind farms is expected to have a greater impact on birds at particular sites where high concentrations of individuals occur, such as migration bottleneck areas. The Strait of Gibraltar (southern Spain) has long been recognized as the most important bottleneck in western Europe for soaring bird migration. Moreover, this area is within one of the most important potential areas for wind energy generation in Spain. Here, we examine monthly migratory soaring bird abundance in relation to long-term avian mortality rates at 21 wind farms located near the Strait of Gibraltar using zero-inflated hurdle negative binomial and gamma models. Best fit models included an effect of season in the collision mortality rates and in the proportion of adult individuals within the total deaths. However, monthly bird abundance was not directly related to the number of fatalities over the year. The accumulated fatalities during autumn migration constitute a small percentage (1%) of the total migrating population size. Moreover, mortality peak during autumn migration is largely attributable to juvenile birds. In contrast, the number of fatalities coinciding with the breeding period constitutes a substantial proportion (6%) of the local population, and it involved substantial losses among adult birds. Our results show that wind farms probably have an individually low impact on the migratory population of soaring birds. On the contrary, annual losses among adult local birds are remarkably high considering the small size of the local populations, and they may have population level effects.


What is a Bedbug?
Bedbugs are small parasitic insects that feed on human blood. The bedbug (Cimex lectularius) is a member of the family Cimicidae, all insects in this family feed exclusively on the blood of warm blooded animals. The name bedbug comes from the fact that this insect is mainly nocturnal and prefers to live in cracks in mattresses, box springs, bedframes, and other furniture, walls, and baseboards near places where people sleep.
Bedbugs have many other names including wall louse, mahogany flat, crimson rambler, heavy dragoon and redcoat. Many of these names come from the reddish-brown coloring and flattened oval shape of these insects. These wingless insects grow to be 5-7 mm long and 1.5-3 mm wide.
Bedbugs are attracted to their targets by three things: carbon dioxide, warmth, and certain chemicals. Bedbugs have two hollow feeding tubes. One tube injects the victim with its saliva that contains anticoagulants, which keep the blood from clotting, and anesthetics, which causes numbness, while the second tube extracts the blood. Because of the anesthetics the actual bite is not felt. Bedbugs feed about five minutes before retreating back to hiding place. Although the bedbugs like feed approximately every five days, can survive for year or longer without feeding.
Resurgence of Bedbugs
Bedbugs have largely eliminated in developed world since the 1940’s and 1950 with DDT’s but these pests made big comeback in 1980’s and 1990’s.
The resurgence of bedbugs in developed countries has been attributed to the rise in foreign travel and immigration, the increase of second hand furniture, as well as greater resistance to pesticides.
Bedbugs can found in both dirty and clean environments, meaning bed, no matter how sanitary, not immune to infestation for bedbugs. Crowds living quarters within high rate of guest turnover makes motels, hostels, and even high end hotels particularly susceptible to bedbug infestation. Just one bedbug hitching ride on piece of clothing or in suitcase an create infestation.


Transportation and logistics management are two business units that work together to achieve a common goal. The primary goal is to move inventory efficiently and effectively throughout a company’s supply chain. Although the terms are used interchangeably, transportation management is a subset of logistics. It’s a mutually beneficial relationship that necessitates care and attention. Actively managing your supply chain saves your company money and time. In other words, you can’t afford to pass up opportunities because this critical service function isn’t prioritised. To better understand the connection between transportation and logistics in companies like DAMRI Logistic, consider the following example:
To reduce its investment risk, a pharmaceutical company wants to keep the least amount of inventory on hand. The management team of the company seeks to warehouse all stock in a central place because data gathering and analysis show that this is the best way to reach this aim.
What effect does this technique have on transportation? Deliveries made outside of the warehouse’s geographic area may be delayed, resulting in dissatisfied consumers. There is an even bigger risk of income loss when supplying sectors that are concerned about temperature and shelf-life issues. It is better to consider companies like DAMRI Logistic
Using the same scenario as before, if the corporation decides to focus on delivery times and transportation by asking customers to augment their purchases, it reverses the situation. Requesting unreasonable large orders from clients might further stymie the process. This position is ripe for discontent.


Your Dog’s Health
What You Should Know About Blue-Green Algae
Being known as the “Land of 10,000 Lakes,” it’s no surprise that Minnesotans love to spend time in the water. And with so many lakes to choose from, it’s important to know the basics about blue-green algae to keep our dogs and selves safe during warmer months.
Various types of algae are common in lakes throughout Minnesota and are usually harmless, but under certain conditions “blue-green” algae can form. This is a potentially dangerous type of algae that can cause illness and death in both animals and humans. Thriving in warm, shallow, nutrient-rich lakes, blue-green algae can be present throughout the year but will not cause health problems until an extensive “bloom” occurs. Blooms take place when the blue-green algae become so numerous, they dominate the other algae in the lake. When a bloom is present, the appearance and odor of a lake changes and can take on the look of pea soup, spilled green paint or smell swampy. Sometimes a bloom can be more subtle and the water will become very cloudy with a green, yellow or blue-green tinge.
Toxic blue-green algae blooms are most common in late summer and early fall with lakes in central and southern Minnesota making especially hospitable environments. In order for blue-green algae blooms to occur, a combination of factors must be present: warm temperatures, lots of sunlight, and excessive nutrients. Excessive nutrients in lake water are largely the result of water runoff from urban areas and agricultural land – many communities are now taking action to minimize water runoff in efforts to reduce blue-green algae blooms in urban lakes.
Unfortunately, the first sign of a blue-green algae bloom is often a sick dog that was swimming in the effected lake. Symptoms of blue-green algae exposure can vary from skin irritation, legions and vomiting to circulatory, nervous and digestive system disorders. Blue-green algae can be fatal to animals so it is important to seek veterinary attention if you think your dog has come in contact with an algae bloom. If contact has occurred, wash your dog’s coat immediately to eliminate additional exposure through self-grooming. And if you have doubts about the safety of a lake, stay out of the water and contact Minnesota Pollution Control at 651-757-2419.


Physicist Patrick Johnson, an associate teaching professor at Georgetown University and author of The Physics Of Star Wars, suggests two options.
“The first is that it is exactly what it is described as, a sabre made of light, a laser sword,” he says. “The problem with it being a laser, though, is that because photons move at the speed of light, the laser will just keep going until it runs into something. Lasers don’t stay in a self-contained beam.”
The more plausible option, says Johnson, is that lightsabers are made of plasma, the electrically charged gas that makes up lightning and the Sun. Plasma cutting machines are often used in manufacturing to slice through materials such as steel.
“Plasma is hot enough to melt metal, it can change colour depending on the material you’re using and is able to cauterise wounds, just like in the movies,” explains Johnson. “But the problem is that it’s really, really hot. We’re talking about holding something that is the temperature of the Sun in your hand, which is not going to be pleasant for you without special equipment.”
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Instructed patient about the importance of restricting sodium intake. Advised using salt substitutes (if permitted by MD), by seasoning food with condiments, such as lemon, parsley, cinnamon, etc.
Instructed patient to use moderation when eating foods that are high in sugar to prevent glucose levels from raising.
Instructed patient about foods low in cholesterol, such as, fish, low fat dairy products, fruits and vegetables, grains, herbs and spices, lean meats, lean poultry, egg substitutes, polyunsaturated oils and others.
Instructed patient to avoid candies, chocolates, cookies, drinks and others foods rich in sugar. Patient was instructed on the importance of a good nutrition to control hyperglycemia: Avoid skipping meals. This can make people extra hungry, moody and unable to focus. Pay attention to the portion. Eat healthy.
Patient was instructed on the importance of a proper nutrition. Read the nutrition facts on food labels. Food labels for fruits may contain the words:
Patient was instructed on the importance of an appropriate nutrition to keep blood sugar levels as near to normal as possible. Read Nutrition Facts on food labels and if the serving has too much carbohydrate, the size of serving will need to be adjusted.
Patient was instructed on appropriate nutrition. Eat healthy, eat more fiber, try whole grains fresh fruits, and raw vegetables. Try picking from the rainbow of colors to maximize variety. Eat non starchy vegetables such as spinach, carrots, broccoli or green beans with the meals.
Instructed patient about foods high in cholesterol, such as, organ meats, read meats, fatty poultry, shrimp, bacon, cold cuts, hot dogs, saturated fats (found in animal fats and coconut oil), palm kernel, cocoa butter, hydrogenated fats, chocolate, margarine, nondairy substitutes, whole milk, egg yolks, fried foods, and others.
A diet that meets the dietary guidelines will ordinarily have enough iron, folate, and vitamin Bto prevent anemia.
Instructed patient about methods for adjusting the diet to meet a change in activity greater caloric intake is required for prolonged or strenuous activity to prevent hypoglycemia.


Aerospace standards are a set of quality standards enforced to provide guidance for safety and reliability regulations required for work in the aerospace sector. The video we have linked above delves into, specifically, AS568 aerospace standard. This is a more specific type of aerospace standard, AS568, that has to do with tool sizes and requirements.
Aerospace quality standards are also expressed as Aerospace ISO standards, which are mainly applied to aerospace parts manufacturers. The Federal Aviation Authority in USA mandates ISO aerospace standard requirements alongside standard safety and quality requirements.
Aerospace Standards place a specific emphasis on product safety. These standards demand that an organization must adequately plan, implement, and direct procedures that ensure product safety throughout the product’s entire lifespan. Product hazards must be assessed, safety events must be critically analyzed and reported, and item management must be conducted safely.
Speaking of risk assessment in the world of aerospace standards, operational risks must be managed in an organized, professional formula. Appropriate assignment of responsibilities, risk assessment criteria, and acceptance of potential risks after plan implementation is necessary for the operational risk management facet of aerospace ISO standards.
Standards in the aerospace industry encompass the management of risks and responsibilities amongst the industry’s organizations. You may find more information on the more mathematical standard in the clip we linked above.


Friendship 101: Helping Learners with Autism Build Social Competence
In collaboration with the Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities (DADD)
An essential characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is difficulty acquiring the social skills needed to develop social competence, including the ability to form and maintain friendships and relationships with others. This webinar, designed for general and special educators who work with children with ASD, presents evidence-based practices shown to enhance social competence in children and youth with ASD. You’ll learn about approaches to build students’ social skills across school, home, and community settings, for students with varying skill levels in pre-K through high school. You’ll take away tools you can implement in your classroom, along with sample activities and materials to promote peer-related social competence of children and youth in play, peer networking, and leisure contexts. This presentation is based on Friendship 101: Helping Students Build Social Competence.
After viewing this program, you will be able to:
- Describe important social skill targets for children and youth with ASD
- Implement user-friendly assessment methods to determine important social skill instructional targets
- Deliver a range of instructional strategies to promote the social competence of children and youth with ASD.


Smartphone users love the mobile applications. As proof can be given statistics downloads from app stores, but without that everyone knows it. Finally, more and more people intentionally with this equipment. The matter looks completely different when it comes to application development. Now, they associate it with something expensive and laborious.
Currently, the mobile application is like creating web pages. At first no one knew how to do it, then they began to appear tools to help with mobile software development and over time more and more people to the occupied. Now you know how to create the page is unnecessary, because you can use the generators. Designing mobile applications on various platforms already hard to call a trend – it is fully compulsory part of the work of any self-respecting designer. The statistics speak for themselves – now the world is more than 5x as many mobile devices as desktops and nearly 25% of users use only mobile devices to surf the Web. The mobile software development (article) requires a certain awareness of the same platform, which create applications. It is good to have the experience on iOS or Android, as this will easily figure out which components are popular for the platform and how to contain the most important schemes such as information flow and navigation.
The process itself from a clean sheet in the graphics application to the finished application is quite complex and you should be aware of the fact that the typical mobile applications are created separately for each platform and using different programming languages. You have to realize that the application deployment also requires having different environments – Mac OS and Windows, for different platforms.
In practice it this way, that generally varies developers will implement a variety of applications on the platform. However, from the design point of view, we obviously need to design screens for each platform separately, because each of them has its own characteristics.


Quantum computers may one day upend cryptography, help design new materials and drugs, and accelerate many other computational tasks. A quantum computer's memory is a quantum system, capable of being in a superposition of many different bit strings at once. It can take advantage of quantum interference to run uniquely quantum algorithms which can solve some (but not all) computational problems much faster than a regular classical computer. Experimental efforts to build a quantum computer have taken enormous strides forward in the last decade, leading to today's devices with over 50 quantum bits ("qubits"). Governments and large technology companies such as Google, IBM, and Microsoft, as well as a slew of start-ups, have begun pouring money into the field hoping to be the first with a useful quantum computer.
However, many hurdles remain before we have large-scale quantum computers capable of the tasks described here. Whereas hardware errors are rare in classical computers, they will be a significant complication for quantum computers, in part because quantum systems are small and therefore fragile, and in part because the act of observing a quantum system collapses it, destroying the superpositions that distinguish quantum from classical. Even a single atom passing by can interact with a qubit, develop a correlation with it, and thereby eliminate the qubit's quantum coherence.
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An ABSTRACT is the short paragraph(s) found before the journal article begins. Authors use abstracts to provide a summary of the article so that readers will know the main idea before reading the entire article:
An ANNOTATION can be used to provide readers with a description/critique of the source so that they know whether or not the information in the article is useful to them. Annotated bibliographies should highlight strengths and weaknesses of sources as they relate to each other.
Still not sure you can tell the difference?
Try thinking about it this way:
When a new car rolls off the line, the company that created that car will develop all kinds of advertisements and brochures explaining all of the wonderful features that their car offers. These publications are great ways to find out what the makers of the product think about what they have been able to create. Information published by the auto maker is similar to an abstract that is written by the author or publisher.
Months later, outside companies like Edmunds or Consumer Reports will put this same vehicle through a series of tests to evaluate its performance. Usually they will try out several cars of the same period in the same vehicle class (ex: Dodge Charger vs Ford Mustang). Those companies will then publish a report that discusses the pros and cons associated with each individual model and then compare all similar models to each other to determine which are among the best and the less than best for that particular study. This is what you are doing when you are building an annotated bibliography. You are putting your sources through a sort of test to determine what is great about the source and then to examine where some of its potential pitfalls lie. Having this knowledge readily available when you begin writing your research can be immensely helpful. This is why entire books worth of annotations are published every year!


What seems to be the problem? Do you have some little bumps on your incisors that you aren’t sure about? Perhaps you wish they weren’t there because you don’t like how they look. Maybe you are simply worried that it means something is wrong with your smile. The good news is that we can instantly reassure you that these bumps called mamelons are more common than you think (and harmless). Let us cover some ground here, so you feel better about your smile.
Why Are Mamelons There?
These bumps are present on your incisors because of the way your teeth develop. They form from three lobes that, as your tooth grows, fuse together. As a result, you have a single unit (your tooth) with some rounded bumps on the top. They are there when your tooth bursts through your gum tissue as your smile is forming.
Why Don’t All My Friends Have Them?
Whether or not the mamelons remain present depends on the way your teeth touch. If top and bottom teeth come into contact with one another, these bumps gradually wear down due to the natural, gentle wear and tear that comes with daily life. If the wear and tear doesn’t smooth them away, they remain. Some people have them in adulthood, some don’t.
What Can I Do About Them?
If you don’t mind the mamelons, you can just ignore them. If you don’t like them, you may schedule dental contouring, so we can smooth this portion of your teeth for you.


- Available Technology
There is a growing need for polymers in various applications such as drug delivery, product coatings, adhesives, and even semiconductors. The overall market for controlled radical polymerization products has been estimated to be worth roughly $20 billion. However, this expanding market needs solutions for long-standing issues including polymer processing times, material costs, and other manufacturing parameters. Clemson University researchers have developed a novel method of polymer synthesis to address these challenges. This approach has been shown to reduce processing times by creating a single step procedure, and can eliminate the use of surfactants in emulsion polymerization. Additionally, this technology produces ultra-high molecular weight block polymers that are unachievable by traditional methods. Such advancements allow for easier and more cost efficient production of block polymers from a manufacturing perspective.
Latex paints, Coatings, Fluorocopolymers, Injection molding
This copolymer synthesis method allows for single-step synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers without the need of surfactants. The polymerization initially involves the formation of water-soluble homopolymer blocks, followed by copolymerization of a hydrophobic monomer. This results in ultra-high molecular weight polymers controlled by heterogeneous reaction conditions and a continuous supply of initiator. These heterogeneous reaction conditions allow for phase separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers to facilitate more efficient polymerization under the initiator-starvation conditions. Through phase-separated synthesis, Clemson researchers have been able to create various colloidal nanoparticles that comprise ultra-high molecular weight polymers.
Dr. Marek W. Urban
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Have you ever noticed that it’s easier to remember things when you’re in a new location? This is because changing locations helps to stimulate the hippocampus, a part of the brain that is important for memory formation.
Why Changing Locations Helps Memory
The hippocampus is responsible for storing new memories. When we change locations, we are exposed to new sights, sounds, and smells. This sensory input helps to create new neural pathways in the hippocampus, which are essential for memory formation.
In addition, changing locations can help to improve our focus and concentration. When we are in a familiar environment, our brains are not as active. However, when we are in a new environment, our brains are forced to work harder to process all of the new information. This can help to improve our focus and concentration, which can lead to better memory formation.
How Much Should We Change Locations?
The amount of time you spend in a new location is important for memory formation. Studies have shown that spending just 30 minutes in a new environment can help to improve memory. However, the more time you spend in a new environment, the better your memory will be.
How Can We Make Changing Locations More Fun?
If you don’t enjoy changing locations, there are ways to make it more fun. You can try visiting new places with friends or family, taking a class, or volunteering in your community. You can also make changing locations more fun by trying new things, such as eating at a new restaurant or going to a new museum.
Changing locations is an important part of a healthy lifestyle, and it can help to improve our memory. If you’re looking for ways to improve your memory, make sure to change locations regularly.


No Time to Say Goodbye: Children's Stories of Kruper Indian Residential School is a fictionalized account of the experiences of five First Nations children who attended Tsartlip Day School and were apprehended by government Indian agents and sent to Kruper Island Residential School. Author Sylvia Olsen talked with six community members and listened to their accounts of their time spent at the residential school. From these interviews the author compiled their experiences into a chapter book that is told from the point of view of these five children, Thomas, Wilson, Joey, Nelson, and Monica. Each chapter relates the personal experiences of the child and includes information about the food provided, the staff, the rules of the residential school, the harsh discipline, the abuse, the children's families and homes, and each child's longings. Several of the boys plan escapes and two actually achieve the dream of returning home only to be returned to this dreary place. While their lives are filled with pain and longing to return home the boys and girls find friendships with other students and find fun and laughter despite the situation. Illustrations by Connie Paul added to the archival photographs make No Time to Say Goodbye an engrossing and moving read. Residential schools in Canadian history are often overlooked in the contemporary curriculum but this novel makes the experiences of First Nations students come alive for today's classrooms. Reading Level: 5.3.


Personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS) is a diagnostic classification for some DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders not otherwise listed in DSM-IV.
The DSM-5 does not have an equivalent to Personality Disorder NOS. However Personality disorder-trait specified (PD-TS) remains under consideration for future revisions. The DSM 5 “Unspecified Disorder” is not a personality disorder, it is used to enhance specificity of an existing disorder or it is an emergency diagnosis unto itself (i.e. Unspecified Mental Disorder, 300.9), without being attached to another disorder.
Not to be confused with PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified).
This diagnosis may be given when no other personality disorder defined in the DSM fits the patient’s symptoms.
Four personality disorders were excluded from the main body of the DSM-IV-TR but this diagnosis may be used instead. The four excluded personality disorders are:
- Sadistic personality disorder.
- Self-defeating personality disorder.
- Depressive personality disorder.
- Passive-aggressive personality disorder.
It is a requirement of DSM-IV that a diagnosis of any personality disorder also satisfies a set of Diagnostic criteria.
The World Health Organisation’s ICD-10 defines a conceptually similar disorder to “personality disorder not otherwise specified” called (F60.9) Personality disorder, unspecified.
It is a requirement of ICD-10 that a diagnosis of any personality disorder also satisfies a set of Diagnostic criteria.
In one study, PDNOS was found to be the third most frequent personality disorder diagnosis.
3 thoughts on “What is Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified?”


SPARC’s activities are based on the principle that the urban poor can and must become the makers of their own destiny and can play this role if given appropriate structural support. The strength of this organization comes through their alliance with the National Slum Dwellers Federation (NSDF) and Mahila Milan (Women Together), a collective of women living in slums. The alliance works within provisional communities to address housing and sanitation challenges, move individuals towards financial independence, and help them gain visibility and access to public services.
Insecure land tenure, inadequate housing and a lack of access to basic amenities for the urban poor are some of the core issues facing today’s rapidly urbanizing world. According to UN-Habitat, approximately 25 percent of the world’s urban population lives in slums. In parts of India, the situation is much more dire. The World Bank estimates that more than half of Mumbai’s inhabitants are pavement dwellers or live in provisional housing with inadequate sanitation, light, or water.
“Governments have allowed the proliferation of informal settlements by simply not caring for them,” says SPARC founding director Sheela Patel. “This is not going to change unless people who are from those groups start making demands and changing their relationship to the city.”
SPARC was founded in 1984 by a group of social activists fighting against the indiscriminate evictions of slum and pavement dwellers from their communities. The group expanded rapidly using their emerging relationship with NSDF and Mahila Milan to create an innovative federation model, named the Indian Alliance. Together, the Alliance organized the first comprehensive census of pavement dwellers, developed a credit system for their use while fighting for a more dignified habitat.
Today, through its alliance with NSDF and Mahila Milan, SPARC is active in more than 70 cities across India as a change agent with solutions that can be scaled for other groups domestically and internationally. In addition to policy advocacy, SPARC has facilitated the construction of housing for more than 8,500 families and built community toilets for more than 500,000 toilet seats in slums that have no facilities. Their nonprofit construction company—SPARC Samudaya Nirman Sahayak (SSNS) now jointly owned by the partners of the Alliance—has built 3,879 in-situ houses, rehabbed 3,900 units, built 878 community toilets, granted 1,324 loans to homeowners.


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One of the bases of mediums of exchange in the modern world, a payment constitutes the transfer of a legal currency or equivalent from one party in exchange for goods or services to another entity.
The payments industry has become a fixture of modern commerce, though the players involved and means of exchange have dramatically shifted over time.
In particular, a party making a payment is referred to as a payer, with the payee reflecting the individual or entity receiving the payment.
Most commonly the basis of exchange involves fiat currency or legal tender, be it in the form of cash, credit or bank transfers, debit, or checks.
While typically associated with cash transfers, payments can also be made in anything of perceived value, be it stock or bartering – though this is far more limited today than it has been in the past.
The Largest Players in the Payments Industry
For most individuals, the payments industry is dominated currently by card companies such as Visa or Mastercard, which facilitate the use of credit or debit expenditures.
More recently, this industry has seen the rise of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) payments services, which have gained tremendous traction in Europe, the United States, and Asia, among other continents.
One of the biggest parameters for payments is timing, which looms as a crucial element for execution.
By this metric, consumer demand incentivizes technology that prioritizes the fastest payment execution.
This can help explain the preference for debit and credit payments overtaking check or money orders, which in previous decades were much more commonly utilized.
A multi-billion-dollar industry, the payments space has seen some of the most innovation and advances in recent years as companies look to push contactless technology with faster execution times.


Learning to Love Difficult People
March 30, 2023
We continued to present the Transformational Community Development (TCD) lessons on raising children and how to deal with them lovingly. We learned that, as mothers, we must be positive and live the same principles that we teach them. Umm Karim shared that she has an elementary school-aged son and that the school curriculum is very difficult for him. She shared, “I would threaten my son with beatings and humiliation if he lost grades. Knowing that I am an older mother, it is difficult for me to understand this curriculum, but I want my son to be among the first to understand it. This made my son always feel threatened. After I heard the lesson of raising a child without putting pressure on him, I became calm and told my son that I loved him and accepted him as he was, even if his grades were not high. I kept saying positive and encouraging words to him, making him feel safe instead of being afraid of me and my cruelty to him.”
We also presented lessons on love and its impact on children. We taught them that love is an act, not a word, and that we must offer love to all people, even those who are different from us. After the lesson, Jumana said, “I do not like my friend who is with me at school because she looks at me with an unkind look and also says bad things about me. She says I look like a monster. After I heard the lesson, I will talk to her again and try to deal with my friends with sensitivity and with love.”
Written by: Azmy, Hanaa, Miriam
GHNI TCD Workers
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Duolingo App: Learning a Second Language Boosts Brain Health
Award Date: 2018
Project Lead(s): Jed Meltzer, Bozena Pajak
Project Title: Boosting Cognitive Reserve through Adult Second Language Acquisition with Duoling
What is the issue?
Lifestyles promoting education and curiosity are protective against dementia. Studies show that speaking two languages fluently can delay a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease by four years. Acquiring a second language later in life may also have a protective effect on brain health. Research suggests that the protective effects of being bilingual trace to improved executive function, a set of mental skills that include flexible thinking, working memory, and self-control, and attention. In today’s digital world, smartphone apps can teach languages, and brain training software can improve executive function.
What did we do?
We studied whether learning a second language would improve brain health in adults aged 65 to 75. Study participants in one group used the Duolingo smartphone app for 30 minutes daily over four months to learn Spanish. Volunteers in another group used a brain training program called BrainHQ over the same period. We measured executive function and attention abilities for participants in both groups and compared results with a control group.
What did we find?
The BrainHQ group showed strongly improved executive function abilities compared to the control group. Participants in the Duolingo group also improved executive function compared to the control group but to a lesser degree than BrainHQ. However, study volunteers were more satisfied with Duolingo. They found it easier to stick to and made progress in learning a second language.


Research Funded by Zegar Family Foundation Finds New Genetic Interdependence Between Mothers and Their Offspring
A team of biologists has discovered that the distinctive genetic processes of early development help explain patterns of animal development in nature and across the evolutionary tree. Its findings point to a largely overlooked dynamic between the genome of mothers and their developing progeny--and one that underscores this genetic interaction as a primary influence on evolution.
"Some offspring traits, such as size, are determined by the mother's genome, but other offspring traits are shaped by the offspring's genome itself," explains Matthew Rockman, an associate professor in New York University's Department of Biology and the senior author of the paper, which appears in the journal eLife. "As a result, there may be genetic mismatches between mother and offspring, which can sometimes hinder adaptation to ecological conditions."
The study, the first genetic analysis of a transition from indirect to direct development, one of the most common evolutionary patterns across the history of animal life, was led by Christina Zakas, an NYU postdoctoral research scientist.
Many animals develop indirectly, growing first into a larva that must feed itself before metamorphosis into its juvenile form. However, some lineages have abandoned this larval mode of development, switching to direct development--skipping the larval phase and hatching as a small version of the adult...


Anyone coming to the Outer Banks from the north will pass a plain looking wooden building with a small belfry and a sign out front that reads, âåÛåÏJarvisburg Colored School.âåÛå
It is remarkable that such a nondescript building could say so much about the history of our nation, yet it does and it for that reason that the building holds such significance.
Built from native woods by the local African-American community sometime in the late 19th century, records indicate the building was either moved or constructed at its present site sometime in the 1890s. During a time of separate but equal doctrine in the United States, it served as the school for the Jarvisburg âåÛåÏcoloredâåÛå population until 1950.
Grade six was a far as the school went and the last graduating classes–who were instrumental in the restoration of the building–have recorded memories of students going back to the sixth grade two, three and four times to continue an education that was being denied to them.
The county did create a high school for African-Americans in Snowden in 1931, but that was 30 miles to the north, there was no transportation and it was not much larger than the Jarvisburg School.
Architecturally the building is unique because it is a pre-Rosenwald School. In the first part of the 20th century, philanthropist Joseph Rosenwald contributed huge sums of money to construct quality schools for African-American communities throughout the South.


Gummy & Candy Making
Gummy and candy making is the process of creating confections, such as gummies, hard candies, caramels, and chocolates, using various ingredients, techniques, and equipment. These treats can be made at home for personal enjoyment or produced on a larger scale for commercial purposes.
The ingredients used in gummy and candy making vary depending on the type of candy being made, but they typically include some combination of sugar, corn syrup, water, flavorings, and coloring agents. For example, gummies are typically made with gelatin or other gelling agents, while hard candies are made with sugar that has been boiled to a specific temperature to create a hard, glass-like texture.
Candy making also involves a variety of techniques, such as cooking, stirring, shaping, and cooling. Different candies require different techniques and equipment, such as candy thermometers, molds, and tempering machines.
In recent years, there has been a trend towards using more natural and organic ingredients in candy making, as well as creating vegan and gluten-free options to cater to a wider range of dietary needs and preferences.
Overall, gummy and candy making is a fun and creative hobby that can produce delicious treats for people of all ages to enjoy!


Cardiovascular diseases are complications that affect the heart and blood vessels. They include congenital heart disease, heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, stroke etcetera, with most of them caused by a blockage or semi-blockage of the blood vessels and/or inflammation and other damage from free radicals.
Foods are the major contributors to cardiovascular diseases, but they and drinks can also be a great way to reverse or prevent them. The following four are such drinks:
1. Green tea
Green tea speeds up the burning of fats because of the chemical ECGC it contains. This means extra fat molecules in the blood are used up before they have any chance of piling up to block a blood vessel, which is the main cause of many heart and cardiovascular diseases. The burning of fat molecules increases the metabolism rate which will in turn increase heart function and blood flow.
Green tea also contains antioxidants that prevent inflammation from occurring in tissues including cardiovascular organs and tissues, by fighting free radicals produced from chemical reactions in the body.
2. Pomegranate Juice
Pomegranate contains more than two times the amount of antioxidants than most other drinks. This incredible amount of antioxidants makes it a formidable weapon in fighting free radicals that may cause cardiovascular damage in addition to other ailments.
3. Black tea
When the leaves of black tea are fermented to make the tea, a lot of very powerful antioxidants are created that have been shown to lower blood LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels (referred to as bad cholesterol), thereby reducing the chances of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases from developing. The antioxidants in black tea have also been shown to increase blood flow through coronary arteries, and better the performance of blood vessels in general.
4. Red wine
Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, is contained in abundance in red wine along with many other compounds that protect cardiovascular function. It has antioxidant qualities that is thought to inhibit blood clots from forming in blood vessels, and enhance the performance of other blood vessels found in the heart.
image courtesy of: thespinalcentre.com.au, weight.lossfast.com, organicfacts.net, beforeitsnews.com.


Currently, palm kernel is among the world’s largest oilseeds, with an estimated production of 18.59 million tons in 2017. Its main world producers are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Nigeria, and Colombia, but Colombia and Thailand are the countries with the highest production growth rate.
Regarding progress on culture and also new areas of palm kernel applications, several alternatives have been studied, from improvements in crop and new methods to obtain the oil, to the development of new products such as biofuels, cosmetics, and food products. Palm kernel oil is popular for its healing properties across the southern and eastern part of Nigeria, palm kernel is known to offer numerous health benefits that help prevents and heal life-threatening illnesses.
It is also useful for cooking as it is free of cholesterol. As a matter of fact, medical practitioners do advise people suffering from heart problems and high cholesterol levels to make use of palm kernel oil when cooking because it is more beneficial to their health. According to recent studies, the dark black oil is primarily composed of fatty triglycerides, with approximately 80 percent saturated fats and 20 percent unsaturated fats. And it can be found in a number of products, including margarine, vegetable oil, shortening, creamers, chocolate, and ice cream.
Apart from being an anti-aging agent, palm kernel oil also helps in making the skin soft without the skin getting greasy in appearance. This is why most soap and cream industries have continued to make use of its oil as ingredients when producing their products.
Side Effects of Palm Kernel Oil
Palm kernel oil is extracted from the seeds of the palm. Palm oil is healthier than palm kernel oil because it has less saturated fat and higher antioxidant activity from its significant amount of vitamin E. Because palm kernel oil must be extracted from the seeds, it cannot be obtained organically. One tablespoon of palm kernel oil contains 116 calories, 13.5 grams of total fat, 11.0 grams of saturated fat, 1.5 grams of monounsaturated fats, and 0.2 grams of polyunsaturated fats.
While not as harmful as trans fat, saturated fat can raise bad LDL cholesterol and too much can negatively impact heart health, so it’s best consumed in moderation. While there’s no need to cut out all saturated fat from your diet, most nutrition experts recommend limiting it to 10% of your daily calories. Palm kernel oil is generally not considered a cause of allergic reactions. SEE: How To Identify Good Palm Oil vs Fake


When it comes time to donate blood, most people make what is known as a whole-blood donation. Basically, you give us 500 ml (about a pint) of your blood.
With just one major exception, your whole blood donation with us will be separated into three major “components” or parts – red cells, platelets and plasma – because since the 1970s, doctors have been trained to give components to patients, to more readily target specific conditions.
But what are those conditions?
Most transfusions of red cells go to patients who are showing signs of anemia, when their red cells aren’t carrying enough oxygen around the body.
Platelets often go to patients with severe bleeding. Others might have conditions in which their bodies can’t produce enough platelets on their own because they have a blood cancer like leukemia or lymphoma.
Patients receive plasma when they are bleeding and having trouble clotting. Trauma patients and massively bleeding patients need the clotting factors in plasma to keep them from bleeding.
You can click here to learn more about the process of giving blood and read frequently asked questions. When you’re ready to become a blood donor, schedule a donation at SouthTexasBlood.org.


Easily create a pretend grocery store in your classroom!
Children love to imitate all the things we adults 'get' to do! Going to the grocery store is no exception! Preschoolers can learn so much from role playing adult roles. So, I created a pretend grocery store in our classroom! Not only do the children love it, but they are actually learning some key skills (shh, don't tell them!).
When children pretend in the dramatic play center, children are exploring adult roles. They are also learning to work with others and take turns all while building language skills. When you add in money and a cash register children work on counting and number recognition. When using food labels, like the ones seen below, students are learning types of food groups and how to sort the pretend food into those food groups (as well as putting things back where they belong). One big component for learning is new vocabulary. When a teacher models play in the pretend grocery store and names the new items/roles in the center he/she is helping children learn new words and their meanings.
Have I convinced you that creating a grocery store in your classroom can be both fun and educational? But, maybe you are asking how can I do this easily without hours of prep.
I'm glad you asked :) I have a Pretend Play Grocery Store Packet ready to print, laminate and set up. The Packet also includes a materials list and an idea sheet for helping you get the most from this center!
Check it out now:
**In the picture above you can see the pretend cans and pantry boxes from Melissa and Doug. I love how durable these are, so I wanted to share them with you.**
(please note: the above link is and affiliate link and helps support Lovely Commotion)
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What is Vestibular Therapy?
Vestibular therapy is performed by a specialty-trained physical therapist and involves treating patients with inner ear dysfunction. Inner ear dysfunction can include balance deficits, dizziness, and/or a missense of where one is in space. Vestibular therapy resolves dizziness through positional maneuvers, eye coordination exercises, and habituation exercises, all depending on the type of dizziness. Vestibular therapy restores balance through static and dynamic balance training tasks, often involving head turns and opening and closing eyes on a variety of surfaces.
Who Can Benefit?
People who have an inner ear dysfunction would benefit from vestibular physical therapy. The inner ear houses the vestibular system, responsible for our balance, spatial orientation, and coordinating eye movements with head movements. When this system is affected, dizziness is often present. Vertigo, or the sensation of feeling like you are moving when you’re not moving, typically appears as room-spinning dizziness. Vertigo is a common symptom of inner ear dysfunction, often triggered with head position changes. If the vestibular system is weak, a more generalized dizziness is often present, especially when moving.
Individuals who have difficulty with any of the following would be appropriate for vestibular therapy: rolling over in bed, bending over, turning head quickly, tipping head back/looking up, walking, keeping balance with eyes closed or when standing on an uneven surface, reading, focusing on a target when your head is moving, or shifting eyes from one target to another. Anyone who suffers from dizziness can benefit from an evaluation performed by one of Rock Valley’s vestibular physical therapists, professionals trained to identify the underlying causes of dizziness. If further physical therapy is not determined as suitable, an appropriate healthcare provider will be recommended.
Conditions Commonly Treated by Vestibular Physical Therapy Services:
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
- Vestibular Hypofunction (resulting from Vestibular Neuritis or Labyrinthitis)
- Meniere’s Disease
- Generalized Dizziness
- Concussions/ Head Injuries
- Headaches and Migraines
- Balance Disorders (generalized, Parkinson’s, stroke, etc.)


Fires are an unfortunate reality of the world. Whether they affect a home, a business, a historical landmark, or something else, they leave destruction in their wake. Fires can cause thousands of dollars in damages and huge amounts of emotional distress, so the people who work to prevent and fight fires are some true societal heroes.
Fire inspectors are people who regularly visit businesses and other areas to make sure everything adheres to fire codes. To become a fire inspector, it is strongly advised that you work as a professional firefighter first. Firefighters have to learn about their area’s fire codes, which is the most essential part of a fire inspector’s job, but they also have to learn about the science of fire such as how they start, how they spread, and what materials are prone to fire. Then, you need to take the proper fire inspector course to earn your qualifications.
Before you can become a fire inspector, you need to become a qualified firefighter. Each state in the US has individual requirements for firefighters to ensure that only people who are truly qualified and well-suited can become firefighters. Usually, hopeful firefighters have to be relatively young and in good physical condition. Then, hopefuls must pass some required tests, attend a fire academy, and also become a certified EMT. There are a lot of mandatory qualifications, but they are necessary for such an important and dangerous job.
There are numerous requirements to satisfy before becoming a firefighter, but hopefuls need to meet all of those and more to become a fire inspector. Neither of these professions is anything to scoff at. The people in these professions have all put thousands of hours into their profession in addition to being incredibly brave heroes in society. Society is should be thankful for the work they do.


Here you will find the CSS Geology Paper 2022. You can view or download this CSS Geology Past Paper 2022.
CSS Geology Paper 2022
The following questions are asked in the Geology paper of CSS 2022:
Q2. Describe the principle of plate tectonic with evidence. Explain the Wilson cycle in detail.
Q3. Explain the vertical stacking pattern and Para sequences set. How does the vertical stacking pattern of Para sequences allow for the recognition of systems tracts?
Q4. Explain the tectonic framework of Pakistan with an example of India-Eurasian and Indian-African plate drifting.
Q5. Describe Polarized Light Microscopy along with optical properties of opaque and non-opaque minerals? How do identify the Gout crystal Pseudo-Gout? it?
Q6. Explain different geophysical methods such as gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity, electromagnetic and seismic. Explain the application of each method, its strength, and its limitations.
Q7. What are the merits and demerits of refraction seismology, magnetic surveying, resistivity surveying, and gravity to probe the depth of bedrock, bedrock lithology, and crustal thickness?
Q8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:
- Radioactivity and types of reaction
- Hadley cell, Ferrell cell, and polar cell of air movement
- Sedimentary Basin of Pakistan.
This is a complete CSS Geology past Paper 2022.
Other CSS 2022 Papers:
➤➤ View All CSS Papers of 2022 here.
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Below, Marc provides some highlights from his presentation.
When we think about diversity, we often consider this in regard to sexual, gender, cultural and/or race identity – and the challenges, prejudices and discrimination that it can bring. However, another important aspect that is highlighted in our Diversity Values Statement is we all “have different abilities, learning styles and types of intelligences”. These neurological differences are under the metaphorical umbrella of neurodiversity – and includes people who are neurotypical and neurodivergent*. Neurodiversity is a fully inclusive construct that brings together every human being.
Neurodiversity is the basic yet important scientific fact that we are all different. We are different in the way we think, feel and learn because our brains process information differently. We take in information in different ways, and thus we behave and react differently to particular stimuli and environments. At its root, neurodiversity is as crucial for the entire human race as biodiversity is for life.
An important property of neurodiversity is the fact that groups of people with different perspectives working together collaboratively can achieve extraordinary things. So, when we consider neurodiversity in terms of a positive facet – we are not just saying that individuals bring certain strengths – we are actually saying that the variety of perspectives that a neurodiverse group brings to a situation – or problem to solve – is in itself a strength!
As a community, it is crucial that we provide each student (and each adult) an authentic sense of belonging in inclusive settings where difference is expected and valued.
In addition to definitions and terminology, the talk included a brief introduction of types of neurodivergence, some common myths, and ways we can apply neurodiversity as a framework to further build a community of belonging.
* Note: A person who is neurotypical does not display or be characterized by neurologically atypical patterns of thought or behavior, while a person who is neurodivergent can display and be characterized by atypical patterns.


The radius is the larger of the two long forearm bones that connects the elbow to the wrist.
A distal radius fracture occurs when the end of the bone, closest to the wrist, breaks.
This often happens when a person falls onto an outstretched hand.
The distal radius fracture is the most commonly occurring fracture in the arm.
Pain, tenderness, bruising and swelling following an injury in the wrist and hand, particularly a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Stiffness or inability to move the wrist.
In a more severe fracture, the wrist may have an unusual bump or be positioned at an odd angle.
If the fracture is complex or offset, a surgery may be need to position the bone in proper alignment while the fracture heals.
Common Treatments may include:
Depending upon the severity of the fracture or the degree of stability of the fracture, use of a wrist brace, splint or orthotic or cast at all times until the bone has healed (approximately 5-6 weeks following injury)
If the fractured bones are so offset that they can not be held in stable alignment with a cast, surgery may be required to stabilize the fracture.
Following the immobilization period, treatment may include:
Regaining mobility of the joints that had to be immobilized during the healing phase.
Gradually regaining strength in the hand, wrist and arm.
Use of Heat and cold
Use cold packs for acute pain or swelling.
Use heat packs to control more chronic pain or relax the muscles.
Alternating heat and cold (a contrast bath routine) can be particularly helpful following a wrist fracture to reduce swelling and improve flexibility of the joints.
Wearing compression sleeves or Isotoner gloves at night may help control swelling and provide a comforting, neutral warmth.
Modalities such as ultrasound and electrical stimulation may reduce inflammation and pain.
Scar management techniques if surgery was required.
Techniques to reduce swelling such as using a compression glove or sleeve, electrical stimulation, use of cold packs, elevation of the arm.


Jul. 09, 2021
Veterinary drugs play an important role in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of animal diseases. Common types of veterinary drugs include serum products, vaccines, diagnostic products, proprietary Chinese medicines, antibiotics, disinfectants, etc. Different drugs have different requirements for veterinary drug packaging. Improper selection can easily lead to deterioration of medicines and even endanger animal health.
Under normal circumstances, if the following phenomena occur in a veterinary drug, it means that the drug has deteriorated. Not only can it not have the expected efficacy, but it may also increase its toxicity. For example, the shape and color of the drug contents are inconsistent with the label instructions; the powder absorbs moisture and ferments and becomes smelly; the oral liquid appears flocculent and sediment; the injection solution changes color, turbidity, precipitation or crystal precipitation, etc., all indicate that the drug has deteriorated and cannot be used. If an animal is taken or injected with deteriorating drugs, it will seriously affect the animal's health and cause certain economic losses to the farm.
On the one hand, the cause of drug deterioration is related to the performance and storage period of the drug itself, and on the other hand, it has a lot to do with the quality of the veterinary drug packaging. Packaging not only protects the safety of the drug, but also has sealing properties, which can prevent foreign impurities from invading the inside of the package and affecting the drug. Therefore, when choosing veterinary drug packaging, pharmaceutical companies should strictly examine the quality of the product to ensure the safety and safety of the drug within the validity period. Stability, to avoid the deterioration of the drug and cause serious consequences.
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In this article you will learn:
The latest ECMAScript(ES6) standard defines seven data types out of which six data types are Primitive(predefined).
- Numbers: 5, 6.5, 7 etc.
- String: “Hello World” etc.
- Boolean: Has two values: true or false.
- Null: This type has only one value : null.
- Undefined: A variable that has not been assigned a value is undefined.
- The value stored in a variable can be changed during program execution.
- A variable is only a name given to a memory location, all the operations done on the variable effects that memory location.
let a = 3; a = 4; // works just fine.
Const is variable type is used when you want value of that variable would never change.
const name = 'Paul'; name = 'Thom'; // will give an error.
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19 Jan Is it healthy to eat fresh cheese? We tell you about its properties
Fresh cheese is a food that has a long tradition. Many historians have found evidence that it was produced more than 7,200 years ago. Since then an incredible range of varieties has been developed. The type of milk and the methods of production make the difference. Mainly cow, sheep and goat milk is used, although there are also cheeses with other origins.
Fresh cheeses are one of the best alternatives for the diets of cheese-loving sportsmen and women, since they contain fewer calories than cured cheeses, as well as containing a large amount of protein. Fresh cheese is a food as complete as it is essential in any healthy diet and its digestion is less heavy, which also favours the appearance of less intolerance.
In addition to its great protein contribution we can highlight the fresh cheese:
- Folic acid. It protects the nervous system, prevents the appearance of anaemia and strengthens the muscles.
- Vitamin B2. Facilitates the correct functioning of the respiratory system. Protects the cells.
- It has probiotic properties. Helps the digestive system to perform its function naturally.
The advantages of consuming soft cheeses
- High supply of minerals, including calcium and phosphorus.
- They are rich in proteins and amino acids.
- Very digestible.
- Their caloric and sodium content is lower than that of cured cheeses.
- Their proteins can replace those of meat and eggs.
Since fresh cheese is an excellent source of healthy nutrients, we should choose it and incorporate it into our daily diet.


The population of unowned cats in UK urban areas has been estimated at 247,429 on the basis of data collected by citizen scientists. This figure includes lost or abandoned cats, as well as unsocialised feral cats.
Residents in five English towns and cities reported sightings of unowned cats between 2016 and 2018. Teams of volunteers then visited hotspot and cold spot areas to validate the number of reported unowned cats through paper collars, social media and door-knocking.
“Citizen science provided really valuable information about where unowned cats might be,” says Jenni McDonald at Cats Protection, a UK charity. “Especially as more traditional ecological approaches wouldn’t have access to people’s gardens or behind homes and businesses.”
McDonald and Elizabeth Skillings, also at Cats Protection, modelled data from 3101 surveys, 877 resident reports and 601 expert reports across 162 sites to estimate the number of unowned cats in Beeston, Bradford, Bulwell, Dunstable and Houghton Regis, and Everton.
They also used this model to examine the potential factors that may predict where unowned cats might be, and found that unowned cats are more likely to be located in more densely populated areas and places with higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation.
By scaling up the model, the pair estimated the densities of unowned cats across the UK using national statistics on human population density and deprivation.
“There have been no evidence-based figures at all to date… now we do have a point to compare cat populations going forward. Beforehand we had no idea of the true scale in these urban areas,” says McDonald.
“It is not possible to manage what is not known,” says Eugenia Natoli at the Local Health Authority Roma 3 in Italy, who researches the behaviour of unowned cats in urban environments. “I would have expected that rigid control would not have allowed a large number of unowned free-ranging cats. This is yet another demonstration of the high adaptability of the domestic cat.”
Scientific Reports DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99298-6
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PLoS ONE published 54 new articles last week. I had a chance to thoroughly read two of them also because they were edited by me and that they have some real potential towards the development of diagnostics and vaccines for infection control.
The paper - Novel Peptide Marker Corresponding to Salivary Protein gSG6 Potentially Identifies Exposure to Anopheles Bites from Anne Poinsingnon’s group is highly relevant in the context of devising vector control strategies in malaria endemic regions. This study combined a bio-informatics approach with standard immunoepidemiological assays to identify an Anopheles specific salivary peptide that could be developed as a marker of exposure to Anopheles bites. Such an epidemiological tool would have direct application in identifying high risk areas for malaria transmission and areas where vector control strategies should be implemented. I really think that this work is of interest not only for those who work in malaria control and in the evaluation of vector control strategies but also in the field of the immune response to arthopod salivary components. If this approach proved to be succesful, it could be applied to the control of other vector-borne diseases.
Another study - A Francisella tularensis Schu S4 Purine Auxotroph Is Highly Attenuated in Mice but Offers Limited Protection against Homologous Intranasal Challenge from the group of Thomas Zahrt was another interesting article to recommend. It describes the use of type A and LVS-derived purine auxotroph mutants of Francisella as potential candidates for live attenuated vaccines against tularemia. The intranasal challenge approach taken by the investigators is new and is more representative of a real exposure than other studies, and was judged a major strength of the study. However, there are certain shortcomings of this study that would invite future research efforts by this and other groups working in the field of tularemia prophylaxis - the type A-derived mutant offered a little bit of protection of challenged animals in terms of lethality but the vaccinated animals still exhibited bacterial survival in the lungs, and many of them succumbed to infection. Nonetheless, the results clearly inform us that the development of next generation live attenuated vaccine for Francisella should be based on the use of less aggressive B type strains rather than the more reactogenic type A.
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ERIC Number: EJ1174027
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2018-Apr
Abstractor: As Provided
Teaching Students about Violent Media Effects
Bushman, Brad J.
Teaching of Psychology, v45 n2 p200-206 Apr 2018
Although violent entertainment has existed for centuries, the media have made it more accessible than ever before. In modern societies, people are immersed in media, like fish in water. Using hand-held devices, people can consume media just about anywhere they want, anytime they want. Moreover, violence is a common theme in the media, and research has consistently shown that violent media can have harmful effects on consumers, such as making them more aggressive and more numb to the pain and suffering of others. Teaching students about the harmful effects of violent media is challenging because many students love to consume violent media, and believe they are somehow immune to any harmful effects. This article reviews the scientific evidence on violent media effects, discusses some reasons why people deny violent media effects, and offers suggestions for how to teach students about violent media effects.
Descriptors: Violence, Mass Media, Mass Media Effects, Video Games, Aggression, Desensitization, Teaching Methods, Prevention, Evidence, Misconceptions, Psychological Patterns, Risk, Developmentally Appropriate Practices, Time on Task
SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: email@example.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: N/A
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Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A


Understanding the Dairy Cow, 3rd Edition
by John Webster
A comprehensive and thoroughly revised text on dairy science that contains information on the most recent developments
The fully updated third edition of Understanding the Dairy Cow explores the scientific principles that provide a foundation for understanding the animal’s body system. The comprehensive text also reveals how to properly manage dairy cattle with economic efficiency whilst taking into consideration the cow’s welfare.
The revised new edition contains expanded coverage on topics including insight into cow behaviour and welfare, genetic selection indices, new strategies for control of mastitis and lameness and information on the overworked cow. It also contains the most recent developments in breeding, nutrition and management.
- Is an authoritative text on the dairy cow that covers a wide-ranging subject area including the science, disease and husbandry
- Presents the information and knowledge necessary for the efficient and humane management of cows
- Includes expanded coverage on a variety of topics such as cow behaviour and welfare, and genetic selection indices
- Highlights major new developments in the field
Covering both the basics and recent developments in dairy science, Understanding the Dairy Cow 3rd Edition
is ideal for students in agriculture and veterinary science and for professionals working in the complex business of dairy farming.
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