You may remember the hubbub about four years ago, when it emerged that antidepressants can cause suicidal thoughts in kids. After investigating the issue, the FDA ordered companies to place a "black box" warning noting suicidality as a potential side effect of the medication. But antidepressants aren't the only drugs that can cause psychiatric problems. The New York Times linkurl:reported;http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/24/washington/24fda.html?ref=health&pagewanted=print yesterday (January 24) that the agency is now going to demand that companies making drugs for treating conditions such as obesity, urinary incontinence, epilepsy and smoking cessation, as well as linkurl:depression,;http://www.the-scientist.com/article/display/52980/ include a suicide assessment in their clinical trials. FDA researchers created a questionnaire that is becoming a mandatory part of some drug testing. Apparently, because of its level of detail, its use is so popular that it has been translated into 80 languages. The belief used to be that drugs that don't reach the brain have no effect on...
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If digital technology poses any threat to the market for words printed on real paper—and the jury is still out on that one—then it must also be credited for exposing us to texts from the ancient world.
Last fall we posted about how the Israel Museum digitized the Dead Sea Scrolls, nearly 1,000 texts found on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea in 1946. They are the earliest known surviving manuscripts from what is called the Hebrew Bible. Digitizing the texts—most were on parchment but some were written on bronze or papyrus—allows viewers to zoom in to examine the writing and even the paper fibers of hundreds of fragments.
Now the Israel Antiquities Authority has expanded upon the collection. Housed in the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library are the earliest known copies of the Book of Deuteronomy (which includes the Ten Commandments) and Chapter One of the Book of Genesis.
Each scroll fragment was scanned using spectral imaging technology that allows for the recovery of writing that had faded to near invisibility over the years. The boon for scholars is clear, but for regular folks this archive is better than a museum visit. The Leon Levy site is searchable by discovery site, content and ancient language.
Google is making its mark as a major facilitator of cultural preservation. Another recent project with ties to ancient texts and history is Caminos de Sefarad, a collaboration with Red de Juderías de España to create a digital map of Spain’s Jewish heritage.
More than 500 landmarks from the Sefarad—the Sephardic Jews before they were expelled from Spain and Portugal in 1492—are fully annotated with current photos, text and special details. Visit Ribadavia, a once-prosperous city in Spain’s northwest mountains, and learn about Jewish wedding traditions from the Middle Ages. The Jewish Quarter of Léon is called the Barrio Húmedo (Wet District) and is known today for its fine wine and food. Use the timeline to keep yourself oriented in chronological history and click Street View to see this vibrant district as it is today.
Kate Rix writes about digital media and education. Read more of her work at and thenifty.blogspot.com.


Pre-engineered Steel Buildings: The Eco- Friendly Choice
Did you know pre-engineered commercial steel buildings help protect the environment?
Today American commercial builders and investors place great importance on using “green” sustainable building materials. According to one Gallup Poll, 73% of Americans admit being concerned about the environment.
But is steel a green, sustainable building material? You bet it is. Our enviornmentally-friendly buildings are not only good for the planet, they help you save more on building and repair costs.
Commercial Steel Buildings and Recycling
Steel is the most recycled material in the entire world.
The Steel Recycling Institute reports 82 million tons of steel scrap were recycled in 2011— more than plastic, glass, aluminum, and paper all combined. Every ton of recycled steel saves 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal, and 120 pounds of limestone— while also conserving precious landfill space.
One of the reasons for the incredible success of steel recycling is that its magnetic qualities make it economical simple to separate from the solid waste stream with large electromagnets.
The steel industry is no Johnny-come-lately to the recycling bandwagon. North American steel makers have been recycling for over 170 years. Many steel recycling companies have been in business over 100 years.
New steel actually requires recycled steel for production.
No Loss of Properties with Recycled Steel
Remarkably, steel can be recycled endlessly without losing any inherent strength. Steel is recycled over and over and over— without changing its properties. What other recycled material can make that boast?
Steel is stronger, lasts longer—and at the end of the metal building’s life it is 100% recyclable.
Producing steel with recycled scrap also takes a lot less energy to produce. Using recycled steel reduces mining waste by 97%, air pollution by 86%, and water pollution by as much as 76%.
RHINO’s Recycled Steel
RHINO’s steel framing contains a high recycled steel content. RHINO’s prefabricated metal building systems ship ready to erect. All framing parts arrive cut to length, welded, punched, and marked for easy assembly, reducing construction waste to practically nil.
Support green building by using RHINO metal buildings for your next low-rise commercial building project. Call RHINO at 940.383.9566 for more details about our environmentally-friendly buildings.


Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2014 September 8
Explanation: What is so super about tomorrow's supermoon? Tomorrow, a full moon will occur that appears slightly larger and brighter than usual. The reason is that the Moon's fully illuminated phase occurs within a short time from perigee - when the Moon is its closest to the Earth in its elliptical orbit. Although the precise conditions that define a supermoon vary, given one definition, tomorrow's will be the third supermoon of the year -- and the third consecutive month that a supermoon occurs. One reason supermoons are popular is because they are so easy to see -- just go outside and sunset and watch an impressive full moon rise! Since perigee actually occurs today, tonight's sunset moonrise should also be impressive. Pictured above, a supermoon from 2012 is compared to a micromoon -- when a full Moon occurs near the furthest part of the Moon's orbit -- so that it appears smaller and dimmer than usual. Given many definitions, at least one supermoon occurs each year, with the next being 2015 August 30.
Authors & editors:
Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.


Jesus Was Not A Philosopher
Jesus had excellent philosophies on life yet he was not considered a philosopher. A research paper on why he was not considered a philosopher is an excellent topic for a philosophy class project. Have a custom written explaination of the difference between philosophy and religious ideals done by the writers at Paper Masters.
Jesus was not considered a philosopher. He was not considered a philosopher in his own day; nor has he been considered a philosopher in any following time. A philosopher would not presume to say he was the Son of God, as Jesus described himself. To the Christian Church, Jesus truly is the Son of God. A philosopher, on the other hand, doesn't try to found a religion, but rather intellectually explores certain questions or Jesus Was Not A Philosopher.
Some philosophers deal with the same subjects and questions Jesus dealt with. For example, the typeical philosopher deals with truth, ethics, the basis for religion, moral conduct of life, relations to other persons, and other subjects religion is concerned with. But the philosophers do so by utlizing the following systems of thought:
- Rational analysis
- Literary or historical study.
They try to support their insights, perspectives, or systems by reason, experience, historical evidence, or some other scholarly, humanistic, or rational basis. In contrast to philosophers, Jesus based his authority on his mission as the Son of God.
Jesus was a religious teacher whose teachings were the basis for Christianity. A philosopher is a teacher, too, in that he tries to inform others about his thoughts, ideas, and conclusions. The thoughts, ideas, and conclusions may be informative and stimulating to others. The thoughts, ideas, and conclusions may even be taken as the basis for a way of life or course of action by some individuals. Ayn Rand and Karl Marx are philosophical thinkers whose works have had an influence on others and have affected large numbers of individuals and society as a whole to some extent. Yet the affects of even such exceptionally influential philosophers do not result in the ceremonies, rites, sacraments, and other aspects of religion that have resulted from the teachings of Jesus.


Gov. Joshua Hopkins Marvil
- January 15, 1895 - April 8, 1895
- September 3, 1825
- April 8, 1895
- Married Sarah Ann Sirman; three children
- Died in office
JOSHUA HOPKINS MARVIL, the ninth governor of Delaware to die in office, was born in Laurel, Delaware, on September 3, 1825. He received a rudimentary education, and worked on his family farm. For several years he worked in the shipbuilding business, and later owned and managed a shop that manufactured farming equipment. Marvil also invented a mechanism that made berry and peach baskets. His business grew and prospered after he supplemented steam power in his factory. Marvil entered politics in 1894, winning his first election, and becoming Delaware’s 40th governor. He was sworn into office on January 15, 1895, and three months later passed away. Governor Joshua H. Marvil died on April 8, 1895, and is buried in the Laurel Hill Cemetery in Laurel, Delaware.
Sobel, Robert, and John Raimo, eds. Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. 1, Westport, Conn.; Meckler Books, 1978. 4 vols.


This BREF addresses the storage and the transfer/handling of liquids, liquefied gases and solids, regardless of the sector or industry. It addresses emissions to air, soil and water. However, most attention is given to emissions to air. Energy and noise are also addressed but to a lesser extent. In particular for the storage of liquids and liquefied gases, the following types of tanks are addressed:
• open top tank
• external floating roof tank
• fixed roof tank
• aboveground horizontal storage tanks (atmospheric)
• horizontal storage tanks (pressurised)
• vertical storage tanks (pressurised)
• spheres (pressurised)
• mounded storage tank (pressurised)
• lifter roof (variable vapour space) tank
• refrigerated storage tank
• underground storage tank.
In particular for the solids storage methods the following are addressed:
• sacks and bulk bags
• silos and bunkers
• packaged dangerous solids.
The other storage modes addressed are:
• containers and the storage of containers
• basins and lagoons
• mined caverns
• salt leached caverns
• floating storage.
For the transfer and handling of liquids and liquefied gases, techniques such as piping systems and loading and unloading equipment are addressed, such as as valves, pumps, compressors, flanges and gaskets, etc. For the transfer and handling of solids, techniques such as mobile unloading devices, grabs, dump pits, fill pipes, thrower belts, conveyors and feeders are described, and in each case the emission sources are identified.


If you’re looking for something to demonstrate Twitter in action, go no further than the One Two Million Tweet Map.
This is a very interesting implementation of just what can be done when you mix content from the Twitter API with a mapping application.
The application watches Twitter and maps the latest Twitter messages on a world map.
There are some settings that make for even more interesting monitoring. Try filtering on a keyword or a hashtag.
The results appear live as they happen – showing individual Twitter messages, or when they appear in the same areas, as clusters.
Click on a Twitter message or a cluster to zoom in on an area. As I play with this, this is what’s happening in the last few minutes in a part of Toronto.
Since the results are live, this is a very real view of the mechanics of Twitter working.
It’s addictive – be prepared to play around with it for quite a while.
Could you or your students use this to generate your own infographic?
If you’re looking for another example of geographic privacy, post a Twitter message and see if you can find it. How close to your home office or classroom did the program come?
The navigation is a little different – you navigate by zooming in and out of a message or a cluster but once you get that, it’s easy to catch the details.
- The one million tweet map ()
- Twitter Map Shows Last Million Tweets (mashable.com)
- Real-Time Twitter Heat Map with MongoDB (architects.dzone.com)
Please share your thoughts here. I’d enjoy reading them.


/ (ˈnjʊərəʊpɪl) /
Save This Word!
a dense network of neurons and glia in the central nervous system
CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES?
There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates?
Question 1 of 7
Which sentence is correct?
Word Origin for neuropil
from neuro- + Greek pilos hair
Words nearby neuropil
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
How to use neuropil in a sentence
The neurone of the second order, which terminates in the 'neuropil' of the second ganglion (ganglion of the optic nerve).
Fibres which pass into this 'neuropil' from other parts of the brain connect them with the optic ganglion.


Wizzie Brown is a program specialist with the Texas A&M Agrilife Extension Office.
What Exactly is a Scorpion?
“A scorpion is a type of an arachnid so they have eight legs, they have a long tail with a stinger at the end. Depending on how you react to the sting, it can either just kind of feel like a bee sting or you can have real funky, weird things go on like throwing up and nausea or having body parts go numb or different things like that.”
How Do They Get Inside Houses?
“Scorpions can climb up walls. They have these little claws on the feet that they can use to kind of grab onto things. A lot of times what happens is if you have trees touching or overhanging your house, they will climb up the tree, use that a bridge to get onto the roof of the house and then they’ll come in through vents in the attic. Once they have access to the attic space, then they can pretty much move around in the wall voids to where ever they want.”
How to Get Rid of Them:
“Definitely trim any trees or shrubs that are touching the house… make sure that you have window screens that are in good repair, that any cracks or crevices are sealed with sealant and that your weatherstripping around doors and windows has a tight seal. You can use pesticidal sprays along the outside of the house – you really don’t need to spray inside for the scorpions because they’re coming in from outside so you want to target your treatment outside – so usually around the foundation and around doors and windows.”


Analysis with QGIS
To learn how to do raster and vector GIS analysis, joining the power of tools
like GRASS, SAGA, Orfeo ToolBox, etc. with the ease of use of QGIS.
The course is aimed to who wants to learn how to use the GIS to do predictive
analysis. Is adviced to have at least basic knowledge about SIG software.
We suggest to have a basic knowledge about QGIS.
- Various alternatives for analysis in QGIS
- Basic vector analyses
- dissolve, merge, overlay, attribute management, etc.
- Correction of topological errors and vector generalization
- Raster analysis
- geomorphology analyses: digital terrain modules, contour, slope, aspect, shaded maps
- distance analysis
- reclassification of rasters, map algebra
- zonal statistics
- examples: intervisibility, multicriteria analyses; priority and* risk maps
- Image analysis
- unsupervised, automatic land use classification, feature extraction
- feature extraction
- Projection management
- Raster and vector calculators
- Modelling through a graphical interface
- Recursive and batch analyses through a graphical interface
- Scripts for automatic processing
16 hours split in 4 half days


About the Town of Clinton
Clinton traces its history from 1663 when the land between Guilford and Saybrook, as they were then bounded, was known as Homonoscitt. In this year, a committee was appointed by the General Court at Hartford to lay out this area as a plantation. In 1667 the settlement was designated a town and named Kenilworth. By the middle of the eighteenth century, through changes in usage, this name became Killingworth. In 1838, the southern portion was incorporated by the General Assembly as the Town of Clinton, the northern portion retaining the name of Killingworth. The line marking the division between the towns of Killingworth and Clinton was the same as that which divided the first and second ecclesiastical societies, or, as they were later known, “school societies,” which were established in 1735.
As in most small New England shore towns, life centered about fishing, farming, shipbuilding, and the church. One of the early leaders of Clinton’s church was the Reverend Abraham Pierson. In 1701, when the General Court of the Colony in Hartford granted a charter for “the founding of a collegiate school within His Majesty’s Colony of Connecticut”, its founders chose the Reverend Mr. Pierson as its rector. The first classes were held in his parsonage in Clinton. In later years the school was moved to Saybrook and then to New Haven, where it eventually became Yale University. (Data provided by Clinton Historical Society)
With beautiful views of Long Island Sound, this gem of a town is approximately 100 miles from both New York and Boston and is easily accessible from New Haven, Middletown and New London.
A picturesque New England town, Clinton is a wonderful place to live and work. Clinton has an estimated population of 13,500 which almost doubles in size during the summer months as visitors flock here to enjoy our sunny beaches, antiquing, historic buildings and New England charm.


Spay kitten to prevent unwanted behaviors
Spaying your pet as early as possible can help reduce certain health issues and pregnancy (in females). Dr. Lee discusses this topic with a concerned cat parent.
Q:Ladybug, my 5-month-old kitten, is rolling, yowling, trying to get outside, and raising her behind in the air while shaking her tail. My friend said her cat acted like this and sprayed urine when she was in heat. Two months later, my friend’s cat presented her with a litter of kittens. Can Ladybug really get pregnant at her tender age?
A:Yes, so make an appointment now to have your veterinarian spay her.
Cats are seasonally polyestrus, which means they experience multiple estrus (heat) cycles each season. Their reproductive season begins now, as daylight hours are increasing, and it ends in late summer as daylight decreases.
Each heat cycle lasts about a week. If the cat doesn’t become pregnant, she quickly goes into heat again, making it seem like she is constantly in heat.
Kittens as young as four months of age can get pregnant. Pregnancy lasts two months, and cats can get pregnant again while nursing, so free-roaming cats often give birth to two litters every season.
Having Ladybug spayed now will stop the heat behaviors that are such a nuisance and prevent unwanted litters should she manage to venture from your home. An added benefit of spaying cats at Ladybug’s age have a negligible risk of mammary cancer.
Kittens heal quickly after spay/neuter surgery, and research shows that sterilizing kittens as young as two months of age does not adversely affect their health or behavior. So call your veterinarian now.
Note: If you’re curious about sterilization terminology, females are spayed, while males are neutered.
Lee Pickett, V.M.D. practices companion animal medicine. Contact her at firstname.lastname@example.org.


Surplus Food Redistribution: Towards a World Where No Good Food Goes to Waste
MetadataShow full item record
Food waste is a major global issue, with negative environmental, social and economic impacts. Surplus food redistribution is a strategy, through which the problem of food waste can be effectively combatted by redirecting edible food, which would otherwise be wasted, to people. In the European Union, 127 kg/capita of food is wasted every year, while 36.2 million people cannot afford a nutritious meal every second day. Reducing these figures is paramount, and can be achieved effectively through surplus food redistribution. The aim of this research was to explore surplus food redistribution possibilities across the Member States of the European Union, present an overview of practices from the non-profit and for-profit sectors, and find best practice examples through a multi-criteria decision analysis. Stakeholders from these organisations, and other experts, were then interviewed to gain insights on the impact of surplus food redistribution, challenges, perceptions of policies and future outlooks for surplus food redistribution in the European Union. This research found that food waste can be combatted through surplus food redistribution in the EU with increased funding and awareness of surplus food redistribution organisations and their activities, knowledge-sharing and replication of virtuous practices, and last but not least, harmonised monitoring and reporting of food waste across the European Union. Focusing on these solutions can increase surplus food redistribution in the EU, and thus prevent food waste and have positive effects on the planet, as well as on its people.


Utricularia subulata is bladderwort with a pantropical distribution. Whilst the weedy form is a common ‘hitchhiker’ in many carnivorous plant collections, the Australian form is relatively rare in the wild.
U. subulata has yellow flowers. The center of the flower is strongly bulbous. The lower corolla lip is divided into three main lobes at the edges. The upper corolla lip is upright and cupped. The spur is pointed at the end and more or less thrust horizontally under the lower corolla lip. Viewed from the side, the flower is elongated lengthwise. Flowers are usually solitary or two flowered.
In Australia, the species is found on wet sand at the edge of swamps, seasonally wet heathlands and on seepages in tropical QLD and NT. The plants here usually occur singly or in small groups within vast suitable habitat. There appears to be several undescribed taxa that are closely related to the species. Some of these may represent underformed and self-pollinating ‘cleistogamous’ blooms, which is commonly observed in the weedy form in cultivation. Another taxon which is common across Cape York seems to be completely cleistogamous.


AAHP’s HIV/AIDS/STI focus area addresses sexual health broadly, with an emphasis on HIV/AIDS. When compared with other races and ethnicities, African Americans account for a higher proportion of HIV infections at all stages of disease--from new infections to deaths. At some point in their lives, an estimated 1 in 16 Black men and 1 in 32 Black women will be diagnosed with HIV. In 2010, an estimated 1 in 264 Montgomery County residents over age 13 were diagnosed with HIV. Though Black adults and adolescents comprise about 16% of the County's population, they represent 66% of the diagnoses.
African Americans have a higher rate of STD infection than other racial/ethnic groups. In 2014, 55.4% of gonorrhea cases occurred among Blacks, making the rate more more than 10 times than it was among Whites. Rates of chlamydia and syphilis were also significantly higher for Blacks than Whites in 2014.
HPV, (or human papillomavirus), is the most common STI and the most common cause of cervical cancer in some women. Black women have higher rates of cervical-cancer related deaths than White women.
AAHP provides free and confidential HIV testing for Montgomery County residents throughout the County. We also provide counseling for people who test positive for HIV to delay the onset of AIDS and prevent some life-threatening conditions from emerging.
❝ Like most people, I knew something about AIDS and HIV, but I believed it could never happen to me. When a friend told me about the quick and confidential test offered by the African American Health Program, I decided it couldn't hurt. When the test came back positive, I was shocked. A counselor was available right then to help me. Ever since, the AAHP has continued to offer me information, referrals and support. I'm not saying it's been easy, but today I am living with confidence, with hope-and yes, with AIDS.❞


A proposal to flood the former Hazelwood coal mine risks creating a huge lake with deteriorating water quality that is unsuitable for swimming within decades, according to internal advice to the federal Environment Department.
Following closure of the Latrobe Valley’s heavily polluting Hazelwood coal-fired power station in 2017, global energy giant Engie proposed a rehabilitation project for the 4000-hectare site.
It includes a plan to turn the enormous open-cut mine into an artificial “pit lake” between 70 and 130 metres deep. The lake would take up to two decades to fill and require almost double the amount of water Melbourne consumes in a year.
After environmental advocates called for greater scrutiny, the federal government in February confirmed it would look at the proposal under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act.
The proposal’s other risks include “serious or irreversible environmental damage” to the downstream Ramsar-listed Gippsland Lakes, according to advice recently provided to the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water by its Office of Water Science. Ramsar wetlands conserve rare or unique species.
There is also a risk of insufficient flows from the Latrobe River to meet the huge volumes of water required to fill the lake, according to the Office of Water Science, which provided this advice to the Environment Department’s assistant secretary, Kim Farrant.
“I considered advice from OWS, which stated that the water quality in the proposed lake will deteriorate over time and be unsuitable for primary, and potentially secondary, contact in approximately 50 years due to interaction with the mine void walls,” Farrant wrote in a letter outlining her reasons for federal scrutiny of the decision.
Primary contact usually means recreational or other water use in which there is prolonged human contact with water, while secondary contact is direct contact without ingestion.


In English the letter B has one pronunciation, or it can be silent. When the B is silent it is always preceded by the letter M.
Note that the examples are in three columns. The first column provides an example of the sound when it is word initial (at the beginning of the word). The second column provides an example of the sound when it is word internal (in the middle of the word). The third column provides examples of the sound when it is word final (at the end of the word).
Click on the sample words to listen to the sound files. Pay attention to the sound of the letters in bold.
Note: There are many words with the letter combination mb where the B is not silent.
*IPA means International Phonetic Alphabet. Learn more about phonetics and the IPA.


In order to remember similar events, the brain exaggerates the difference between them. This results in divergent brain activity patterns but better memory performance, according to new research published in JNeurosci.
Memory is subjective. Different people recall the same event in unique ways, and people exaggerate the difference between similar events in their own life. Yet this type of bias can be advantageous when it helps the brain distinguish between similar things and prevent confusion.
In a study by Zhao et al., participants memorized different sets of faces paired with colored objects. Some objects were identical except for slight color differences. At the start of training, the participants had a hard time distinguishing pairs when the objects were almost identical. However, after two days of practice and testing, performance improved. Participants were then shown a face and imagined the corresponding object while the researchers measured their brain activity with fMRI. Recalling two similar objects resulted in different activity patterns in the intraparietal sulcus, a brain area involved in the subjective aspect of memory. The more dissimilar the brain activity, the better the participants' memory performance and the more they exaggerated the color difference in a post-scan test.
Manuscript title: Adaptive Memory Distortions Are Predicted by Feature Representations in Parietal Cortex
JNeurosci, the Society for Neuroscience's first journal, was launched in 1981 as a means to communicate the findings of the highest quality neuroscience research to the growing field. Today, the journal remains committed to publishing cutting-edge neuroscience that will have an immediate and lasting scientific impact, while responding to authors' changing publishing needs, representing breadth of the field and diversity in authorship.
About The Society for Neuroscience
The Society for Neuroscience is the world's largest organization of scientists and physicians devoted to understanding the brain and nervous system. The nonprofit organization, founded in 1969, now has nearly 37,000 members in more than 90 countries and over 130 chapters worldwide.


When we think of gardening, we often think of it as a chore. But did you know that gardening offers many surprising benefits that can actually improve your quality of life? From improved mental health to better physical health, gardening can be an incredibly rewarding activity. Here are five surprising benefits of gardening that can change your life for the better.
1. Improved Mental Health
Gardening can do wonders for your mental health. Studies have shown that gardening can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. It can also improve your overall well-being by providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment, as well as a connection to nature. Gardening can also provide a distraction from everyday life, allowing you to clear your head and focus on something calming and positive.
2. Better Physical Health
Gardening is great exercise. It can help to improve your physical health by providing a form of low-impact exercise that can help you stay active and burn calories. Gardening also helps to strengthen your muscles and improve your coordination.
3. Improved Nutrition
Gardening can also be a great way to improve your nutrition. Growing your own fruits and vegetables can help you to get more of the nutrients your body needs. Eating more fresh produce can also help to reduce your risk of certain diseases, such as heart disease and stroke.
4. Improved Aesthetics
Gardening can also be a great way to improve the aesthetics of your home. Whether you are planting flowers, trees, or shrubs, gardening can help to make your outdoor space more beautiful and inviting.
5. Stress Relief
Gardening is known to be a great way to relieve stress. Working with plants and nature can help to reduce your stress levels and provide a sense of relaxation and peace. Gardening can also be a great way to connect with nature and appreciate its beauty.
Gardening can be an incredibly rewarding activity that can offer many benefits to your health and well-being. From improved mental health to better physical health and stress relief, gardening can be a great way to improve your life. So, why not give it a try? You may be surprised at how much better you feel after getting your hands dirty in the garden.


Posted on Sunday, May 7, 2023
Two Westminster College psychology students visited the Cummings Center for the History of Psychology at the University of Akron in April.
Kendra Granchi and Ashlyn Brown, accompanied by Dr. Loreen Huffman, lecturer of psychology, explored various interactive exhibits on memory, intelligence, and personality. They had the opportunity to see artifacts from the 1971 two-week Stanford prison experiment and the simulated shock generator from Stanley Milgram’s obedience studies. Milgram was a social psychologist, best known for his controversial experiments on obedience conducted in the 1960s.
Granchi, president of the Psychology Club at Westminster, is a junior with a double major in psychology and business administration. She is from Geneva, Ohio. Brown is a sophomore psychology major from Downington, Pa. She serves as treasurer of the Psychology Club.
The trip was sponsored by Westminster’s Psychology Club.
The Cummings Center collects, preserves, provides access to and interprets the historical record of psychology and related human sciences. It houses the Archives of the History of American Psychology, the National Museum of Psychology and the Institute for Human Science and Culture.
For more information about the trip, please contact Dr. Huffman at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Above, Kendra Granchi looks at a model of the shocking device used in the Milgram obedience studies. Below, Ashlyn Brown at an exhibit on the history of psychological treatments.


How to read food labels
How to read ingredient labels
This is an excellent post from @healthformation__ on how to read food labels
Although in an ideal world we'd all eat whole unprocessed food 100% of the time, in reality with busy lives that's not always possible!!
Yet very often foods labelled 'healthy' are anything but - there is actually no regulation on what can be called 'healthy' or 'natural'
So the best approach is to learn how to interpret and read food labels, so when you need to buy food in a packet, you can make the best choices
Hidden sugar and processed vege oils are the two I look for, as well as fibre and protein content
Aim for foods with a higher % DV (daily value) of fibre (less than 5% is low, above 20% is high), and food with less than 5% DV of added sugar
Also look at whether grains are whole (ie wholewheat flour, brown rice) vs refined (white flour, also called wheat flour, also white rice and white rice flour)
Things like rice crackers are often marketed as a healthy snack, when in reality they are highly refined carbohydrates!!
If you are buying crackers try find ones made from mostly brown rice or whole wheat /whole grains
Wholemeal pasta is a great alternative to normal pasta
For cereals, check the added sugar - it's surprisingly high in many 'healthy' cereals
Ideally added sugar should be minimal, and try find foods with the shortest ingredient list - the more added preservative, sugar, flavouring, and colour, the more highly processed a food will be
Out of all of these, added sugar is probably the most important - it's hidden in so many foods, and has been linked to a huge number of chronic health issues (added fructose or corn syrup is one of the worst)
Supermarkets can be confusing - try shop around the edges (ie where the fresh food is kept), and spend some time reading labels when you can - then you can find out which are the healthiest options forwhen you need a quick meal!


News | August 23, 2019
NASA's AIRS Maps Carbon Monoxide from Brazil Fires
New data from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument, onboard the Aqua satellite, show the movement high in the atmosphere of carbon monoxide associated with fires in the Amazon region of Brazil.
This time series maps carbon monoxide at an altitude of 18,000 feet (5,500 meters) from Aug. 8 to 22, 2019. As the series progresses, the carbon monoxide plume grows in the northwest Amazon region then drifts in a more concentrated plume toward the southeastern part of the country.
Each "day" in the series is made by averaging three days' worth of measurements, a technique used to eliminate data gaps. Green indicates concentrations of carbon monoxide at approximately 100 parts per billion by volume (ppbv); yellow, at about 120 ppbv; and dark red, at about 160 ppbv. Local values can be significantly higher.
A pollutant that can travel large distances, carbon monoxide can persist in the atmosphere for about a month. At the high altitude mapped in these images, the gas has little effect on the air we breathe; however, strong winds can carry it downward to where it can significantly impact air quality. Carbon monoxide plays a role in both air pollution and climate change.
AIRS, in conjunction with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), senses emitted infrared and microwave radiation from Earth to provide a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather and climate. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the instruments create a global, three-dimensional map of atmospheric temperature and humidity, cloud amounts and heights, greenhouse gas concentrations and many other atmospheric phenomena.
The AIRS and AMSU instruments are managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of Caltech.
More information about AIRS can be found at:
News Media Contact
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.


NASA: “CAPSTONE”, the 55-pound cube satellite takes off towards the Moon!
Delayed time and again due to final system checks, the launch of the CAPSTONE (Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment) probe was a highly anticipated event. Specifically, these are the first lunar missions announced by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) as part of its space program called “Artemis”.
With its satellite placed on top of an Electron rocket, the CAPSTONE mission was able to start this Tuesday, June 28, from New Zealand. The 55-pound (25 kg) cubesat took off from the Mahia Peninsula at 11:55 a.m. (local time in France). This successful flight marked the beginning of 6 days of maneuvering in Earth orbit before sending the small 25 kg probe to the Moon. “The launch was absolutely fantastic,” says Bradley Smith, CEO and president of the company that manages NASA’s mission.
The CAPSTONE project is unusual for NASA in many ways. To begin with, the federal agency responsible for the U.S. civilian space program has visibly trusted Rocket Lab and its small 13-ton rocket. The CAPSTONE vessel is small in size and range. And for the record, there will be no astronauts on the side of the spacecraft. “NASA has been to the moon before, but I’m not sure it was organized that way,” said Bradley Smith.
The CAPSTONE probe will remain in orbit between 6 months and one year and will test communication modes with NASA Deep Space Network stations. The ship possesses all the elements necessary for a conventional mission. Currently, CAPSTONE is taking a slow but effective path to its main destination, the Moon.


Maintaining a good oral hygiene routine during bedtime is even more important than your routine in daytime. Anything can happen overnight, while you sleep. Food debris and bacteria can wreak havoc on your teeth and gums during sleep, when there is almost no bacteria-washing saliva produced. Most of us have enough time to brush our teeth properly at night but wait until we’re too exhausted to do so.
And when you sleep, there are many ways to improve and preserve good oral health. Here are a few helpful tips for getting through the evening.
Brush Before Sleeping
Before you leave for work or go to school, you brush your teeth in the morning to kill bacteria and keep them on bay for the rest of the day. Brushing before you go to bed is equally necessary. Proper brushing protects against the buildup of plaque and bacteria, tooth decay and gum disease.
The easiest way to clean your teeth is to place your toothbrush at an angle of 45 degrees and push it in quick strokes, gently back and forth. Start first with the outer tooth surfaces, then work your way inwards, all the way down to the teeth in which you chew. Use the brush tip and gently push the stroke up and down to clean the front teeth back.
While it is still soft, flossing removes food particles and plaque buildup. When such debris stay on the teeth, bacteria can increase rapidly during the night and feed off while you sleep softly. In addition, once the plaque hardens, it is tartar, which can only be removed by a skilled cleaning technique.
Worn tooth enamel, increased tooth sensitivity, or ripped cheek tissues may be indicators that your teeth could be grinding when you are sleeping. Although we can’t discourage you from doing so, we do suggest using a mouthguard while you sleep to protect your teeth from the grinding impact.
To find out if dental implants are the right tooth replacement option for you, give our office a call at 203.878.8596. We look forward to speaking with you.


What are Nasal Polyps?
Nasal polyps can be found in either the sinuses or within nasal cavities. These soft growths hang down like grapes and may not cause any symptoms unless they grow too large, blocking air passage to your lungs which could lead you into various problems such as trouble breathing.
What Causes Nasal Polyps To Form?
The membrane becomes inflamed for a long time or it can cause swelling, redness and fluid buildup which then turns into polyp formation with those symptoms being caused by allergies/infections causing an overproduction of cells leading up until they become filled with blood supply giving them color like tissue found inside our body’s own tissues.
Symptoms Of Nasal Polyps
Polyps may not cause any symptoms at first. But as they grow, you might notice that your sense of smell or taste begins to disappear; there’s also likely nasal congestion (stuffy nose). When polyps get big enough it can block air flow through the sinuses which causes frequent infections–even though most people without asthma don’t have problems breathing when they sleep.
Diagnosis Of Nasal Polyps
The team at Texas ENT & Allergy will ask you questions about your symptoms and examine your nose. A nasal endoscope is used to explore deeper areas of one’s sinuses, using an insert that can be advanced up into their nasal cavity from inside either nostril. CT scans may also help pinpoint any polyps found in this area so they don’t get missed.
Treatment Of Nasal Polyps
These are some ways to treat nasal polyps. There is no one-size fits all solution, but by understanding your options and knowing what kind of nose you have can help in making decisions about which treatment might be right for you!
- Steroid sprays to shrink polyps and improve symptoms.
- Oral steroids (pills you swallow).
- Injections (shots) under the skin to deliver a medicine called dupilumab.
- Outpatient (no overnight stay) surgery to place a tiny stent. It props open the nasal passages and delivers steroids or other medications.
- Outpatient surgery using endoscopy to remove polyps when other treatments don’t work.


(1) He was litigious, speculated cannily on the property market, hoarded grain in times of shortage and may have practised usury .(2) Make no mistake, this is high-street robbery and amounts to usury in all but name!(3) The loan scheme is in fact a case of state-sponsored usury , carried out at the expense of young people.(4) But where do you draw the line between this kind of usury and legitimate lending?(5) Fighting against usury and the persecution of debtors has a long religious history as well as a social justice lineage.(6) And he also sought government intervention to bust the powerful trusts and take back the railroad land holdings and bring down the ├ö├ç├┐Shylock-like├ö├ç├û rates of usury .(7) Although usury was theoretically forbidden, in practice it was allowed at rates of no more than ten percent per annum.(8) The Roman Catholic church fathers took strong stands on the question of usury , which they saw as not merely excessive interest, but any injustice in trade.(9) They also practised usury , charging an interest rate of 5 per cent a day.(10) the medieval prohibition on usury(11) Rent as he defined it, was an ├ö├ç├┐immoral tax,├ö├ç├û paid as tribute to landlords, and was synonymous with interest, profit, usury , and tax.(12) As Mongolian incomes tended to be seasonal there was ample opportunity for usury .(13) The superpower of the ancient world was influenced both by God and by the demons of materialism, violence, self-love, fraud, and usury .(14) The biblical parable of the talents was the central interpretative puzzle in this regard since it appears to advocate usury and, worse still, the careful preserver loses all and the usurer gains more.(15) We need a new Prescription for America, a regulatory structure which puts a ceiling on drug company profits the same way credit laws establish what constitutes usury .(16) I think an economy should be based on thrift, on taking care of things, not on theft, usury , seduction, waste, and ruin.


Ranking Plots: Illustrating Data with Different Magnitudes
A Ranking Plot, also known as a Rank Flow Plot, is particularly useful for comparing data that differs in magnitude
Interesting information can be hard to find when data differs in magnitude
The table below show causes of death by age in the USA for 2014. We can easily see from the table that death is most common among the elderly. Not such a helpful conclusion. The real story has been overwhelmed by the higher magnitude of death rates among the elderly.
A more insightful way to look at the data is in terms of relative differences in causes of death by age. The differences do not leap out at you when you look at this table. It is precisely for data like this, that the Ranking Plot is excellent.
A Ranking Plot quickly highlights the differences
The Ranking Plot below allows us to quickly see lots of interesting results that would have taken a long time to extract from the complex table.
Reading across the top row of the Ranking Plot we can see how the main causes of death vary until 45 years of age. After 45 years of age coronary heart disease dominates the statistics. We can also see that the age of 45 is the key change point. Before that, misadventures of various kinds play a prominent role. After that, the coronary heart diseases is the number one cause of death.
If you want to play around with the cause of death data and the Ranking Plot used to create them, you can do so here.


Abraham Lincoln woke with a start. He shook his marble head and knew immediately something was wrong. He stood, ignoring his stiff knees and strode down the steps of his memorial towards Thomas Jefferson’s memorial.
“Thomas, Thomas, wake up. We are needed.”
“I am awake. I know. I’m coming” Thomas stepped down from his pedestal and walked out to meet his fellow president and patriot.
“Our nation is at risk yet again. How many times must we defend against being destroyed from within? Don’t answer that.” Lincoln said.
They strode together towards the Capitol building.
They heard the creaking of long unused wheels. FDR was using all his strength to roll his wheelchair towards the Capital Mall. “Our country needs us,” he wheezed through the cigar he hadn’t smoked for years. “This is another day that will live in infamy.”
“Let me help” Thomas Jefferson called, and wheeled FDR out on the lawn. Eleanor Roosevelt stepped out and marched with them. Souls of other brave women who fought for freedom and justice joined in.
Martin Luther King Jr. heard them coming. “My dream is threatened yet again,” he said and shook himself from the stone of his monument to join the march. “Will we ever stop hating?”
The statues of the Korean war soldiers turned and joined, waving their guns right and left, looking for threats. Threats they had fought to end.
Spirits of the dead from WWI, WWII, Viet Nam, and other conflicts rose and joined them.
Together they marched to the Capitol building.
They stood watching the aftermath of the insurgency incited by a sitting president and the threat to the democracy they all fought to keep.
And they wept.
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognises that access to education is essential to enabling individual empowerment. Persons with disabilities are statistically less likely to be able to access education, undermining their empowerment and thus their ability to achieve full human rights. When persons with disabilities are also affected by forced migration, the obstacles they face often increase. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (‘UNHCR’) has published guidelines to address this important issue, but it is yet to be seen how well these are implemented in the field. Refugees with disabilities often experience added barriers to education as a result of their displacement situations. This article will explore the connection between education and empowerment. It will draw on field research in Indonesia and Malaysia exploring the situation for refugees with disabilities and identify the specific barriers refugee children and adults with disabilities face when accessing education in those locations. Finally, it will evaluate the extent to which UNHCR and its partners are following their guidelines and addressing these barriers.
|Number of pages||5|
|Publication status||Published - 2013|
- Inclusive education


Aliasing in Pendulum Waves
Requires a Wolfram Notebook System
Interact on desktop, mobile and cloud with the free Wolfram Player or other Wolfram Language products.
This Demonstration simulates pendulum waves with 10 to 20 uncoupled pendulums and a period of 30 to 90 seconds. The linear approximation to pendulum motion is used, so that larger angles are less accurately represented. The dots represent individual pendulums viewed from above. The light gray line plotted underneath is an approximation of the waveform. The Demonstration shows how aliasing produces the visual effects in the pendulum waves as seen in  and . Aliasing in signal processing relates to the relationship between analog data and its approximation in digital form.[more]
For best results, slow the step speed until the time variable is about 1 unit/second.[less]
Contributed by: Paul Liu (August 2011)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
For more information on simple harmonic and non-harmonic motion, see .
 Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations, "Simple Harmonic (and Non-Harmonic) Motion."
 R. E. Berg, "Pendulum Waves: A Demonstration of Wave Motion Using Pendula," American Journal of Physics, 59(2), 1991 pp. 186–187.
 J. A. Flaten and K. A. Parendo, "Pendulum Waves: A Lesson in Aliasing," American Journal of Physics, 69(7), 2001 pp. 778–782.
"Aliasing in Pendulum Waves"
Wolfram Demonstrations Project
Published: August 2 2011


Person: Tunstall, Cuthbert
Cuthbert Tunstall wrote the first printed work published in England devoted exclusively to mathematics.
Mathematical Profile (Excerpt):
- Cuthbert was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, which he entered in 1491, but it is recorded that left because of the plague.
- Although the length of Cuthbert's time in Oxford is in some doubt, there is no doubt in the fact that he left both Oxford and Cambridge without taking a degree.
- Between 1499 and 1505 Tunstall studied Canon and Roman law at Padua.
- Near the end of his time in Italy, in 1505, Tunstall visited Rome.
- Archbishop William Warham had recognised his talents in 1509 and arranged a number of positions for Tunstall which brought him to the attention of the court of Henry VIII.
- Continuing his diplomatic role Tunstall was ambassador to the court of Charles V and went with him to Aachen in October 1520 where he was crowned king of Germany in Aachen, assuming at the same time the title of Roman emperor-elect.
- In the spring of 1521 the imperial Diet assembled at Worms and Tunstall was again present along with Charles.
- After returning to England, Tunstall became Bishop of London in 1522.
- Reinstated the following year by Mary Tudor, Tunstall was deprived again in 1559 after refusing to swear the oath of supremacy under Elizabeth.
Born 1474, Hackforth, Yorkshire, England. Died 18 December 1559, Lambeth, London, England.
View full biography at MacTutor
Tags relevant for this person:
Thank you to the contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0!
Adapted from other CC BY-SA 4.0 Sources:
- O’Connor, John J; Robertson, Edmund F: MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive


Many students do quite well in a traditional school. They get good grades, they learn what they need to learn, and they advance through the grades until they graduate and – hopefully – go to college.
But are they developing love of learning?
Unfortunately, it’s often quite the contrary. Traditional education takes curious kids who have a natural love of learning, and churns out, 12 years later, teens who can’t stand learning, who see learning as a hated but necessary chore and who are constantly looking to escape and to “relax.”
But what if learning can be a lifelong passion? What if, instead of taking the fun out of learning, learning could become fun again? As a homeschooling parent, you get the opportunity that other parents lose when they send their kids off to school. You get the opportunity to allow your child’s natural curiosity to flourish. You can give your child a curriculum that teaches her independent thinking, that challenges her. You can refuse to accept that “learning” and “fun” are two different things – after all, learning IS fun for young children. Why would we allow them into a system that takes the fun away and turns learning into a boring, repetitive chore?
In a typical classroom, your child is told what to study, when and for how long. In your “classroom,” whether it’s in the kitchen, in your child’s room, in a homeschooling group, or in front of the computer doing an interactive, online homeschooling program such as WiloStar3D, allow your child to be a self-learner, to discover his passion, and to develop a lifelong love of learning.


NASA's participation in the Russian Foton-M3 mission is scheduled for launch aboard the Soyuz-U rocket from Kazakhstan Friday. The mission will use a modified Vostok robotic spacecraft, which contains a service module, a solid-fuel retro-rocket unit, and batteries. The spacecraft will travel in low Earth orbit for 12 days. Landing is scheduled for Sept. 26.
Scientists from the NASA Ames Research Center and Montana State University will conduct pre- and post-flight studies on geckos, newts, and snails to observe cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, genetic activity, and the physiological effects of microgravity.
NASA Ames scientists developed eight one-inch-deep aluminum boxes called "attics" to house a small, battery-powered video camera for in-flight video recording, a solid-state video recorder, infrared LEDs, and a pump to provide water for newts and geckos flown on Foton-M3. A processor will control the attic's components.
"A team of U.S. scientists has been invited to participate in the experiments, and our role as co-investigators will be to enhance and expand the science conducted during the mission," Michael Skidmore of NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., and project manager for the Foton-M3 mission, said in a prepared statement.
Skidmore said the Foton-M3 data will help validate the results of NASA's Foton-M2 investigations in 2005, when U.S. and Russian scientists also collaborated. Such fundamental space biology studies advance human knowledge of the effects of gravity on all terrestrial life, he said.
U.S. and Russian scientists will exchange all scientific data obtained from the experiments.
NASA scientists hope the data obtained from the Foton-M3 mission will expand their overall knowledge base and improve research techniques.
"NASA's long-term goal is to use simple, easily maintained species to determine the biological responses to the rigors of spaceflight, including the virtual absence of gravity," Kenneth Souza, the project scientist at NASA Ames, said in a prepared statement.


Nuts and Dried Fruits Are Good for Us and Good for the Planet
HOw Nuts and dried fruits can help
In 2015, the UN established a total of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) to be achieved by 2030. Food and agriculture can help achieve multiple SDG, especially those related to poverty, nutrition, economic growth and tht environment. Here at NUtfruit we’ve identified the 5 SDGs the nut and dried fruit sector can have an impact on.
Did you know that there are some ways that the nut and dried fruit
industry can have an impact on sustainability
More From Sustainability
DID YOU KNOW?
The almond tree fruit has 3 parts the hull, the shell and the kernel and, each part is used for different purposes. Almond hulls, for instance, are primarily used as livestock feed, while almond shells are used for livestock bedding. And the kernel, for eating of course!
Did you know?
The Brazil nut is the most economically important plant product that is harvested sustainably in the Amazonian rain forest. Close to 70% of the world’s supply comes from the Pando region, an area that only represents 3% of the Amazon forest.t
Did you know?
The cashew nut hangs outside and under fleshy, edible, false fruit called the cashew apple, also known as the eaten fresh or made into juice, and can be distilled to produce alcoholic drinks.


Back to Environmental Monitoring Branch
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DPR Air Protection Program Video (YouTube)
Protecting the air we breathe is one of the highest priorities of the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR). We focus not only on preventing health problems that can be caused by pesticide air toxins, but also on reducing pesticide emissions that contribute to air pollution.
Toxic air contaminants (TACs)
DPR evaluates pesticides in air and, in cooperation with scientific reviewers, determines potential health risks. If we identify a pesticide as a TAC, we work with other agencies if stricter controls are needed.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
DPR tracks and reduces emissions from agricultural and structural pesticide products of these smog-producing compounds.
Air Monitoring Activities
DPR routinely conducts pesticide air monitoring studies throughout California. While, most of the DPR's Air Program activities focus on individual pesticides, some studies focus on multiple pesticides in selected communities.
Pesticide Air Monitoring Results Database
DPR maintains an Ambient Air Monitoring Results Database containing data from pesticide air monitoring studies conducted throughout California. DPR's Pesticide Air Monitoring Results Database was developed in 2018 to provide access to collected pesticide ambient air monitoring results in an easier to use format.
For content questions, contact:
1001 I Street, P.O. Box 4015
Sacramento, CA 95812-4015
Phone: (916) 445-0979


The ASTON LyoSentinel uses a non-invasive, multi-channel technique to provide in-situ measurements during a lyophilization process including:
Lyophilization (freeze-drying) is the process by which water is removed from a frozen solution by sublimation. The result is a cake-like material that can be rehydrated easily. The process is used routinely in pharmaceutical and life science manufacturing. Water vapor is removed during primary drying (bulk sublimation) and secondary drying (surface desorption) cycles. Temperatures must be controlled tightly during each cycle and the equipment must be monitored for mechanical stresses and leaks to avoid irreversible product damage.
The ASTON LyoSentinel is ideal for in-situ process control. Detecting contaminants or leaks in real-time enables the operator to correct or abort freeze-drying cycles when problems occur.
Mass spectrometers (MS) are available in various sizes, capabilities and price range and have utility in vastly different applications. MS measures the mass of a molecule after converting the molecule to a gas-phase ion. The instrument imparts an electrical charge to molecules and converts the resultant flux of electrically charged ions into a proportional electrical current that a data system then reads. The data system converts the current to digital information, displaying it as a mass spectrum.
Mass Spectrometry Applications
Atonarp initially has deployed the ASTON Platform as an in-situ metrology product in semiconductor fabrication plants to monitor gases associated with the most advanced manufacturing processes. However, a wide variety of applications for our platform beyond semiconductors creates a large potential market for ASTON for the foreseeable future. Researchers from various disciplines within chemistry, biochemistry, and physics regularly depend on mass spectrometric analysis.
Plasma Ionization Method
Advanced Vacuum Controller (AVC)
Key Benefits for Real-Time Process Control


Conservation of Matter Science Games
In this series of games, your students will learn that the amount of matter is conserved when it changes form, even in transitions in which it seems to vanish. Conservation of Matter learning objective — based on NGSS and state standards — delivers improved student engagement and academic performance in your classroom, as demonstrated by research.
Scroll down for a preview of this learning objective’s games and the concepts.
Matter includes all of the substances that make up the universe. Matter is anything that has mass or volume. The mass of a substance is the amount of matter that it has. The volume of a substance is the amount of space that matter occupies. Matter can be divided into tiny particles that are too small to be seen. Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change from one form to another. The amount of matter in a substance is conserved when it changes form, even when it appears to vanish. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that maintain their original properties. Solutions are formed when one substance dissolves in another.
The three common states of matter on Earth are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter can change from one state to another when a substance is heated or cooled. An increase or decrease in temperature causes tiny particles in matter to move differently, which causes a change of state. Freezing occurs when a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. Melting occurs when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. Evaporation occurs when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. Condensation occurs when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid.
A preview of each game in the learning objective is found below.
You can access all of the games on Legends of Learning for free, forever, with a teacher account. A free teacher account also allows you to create playlists of games and assignments for students and track class progress. Sign up for free today!


Environmental Safety Laboratories
Relying on a diverse team of scientists with expertise in chemical and environmental sciences, the Environmental Safety Laboratory (ESL) specializes in Analysis for inorganic and organic compounds in agrochemicals, which involves pesticides and fertilizers, as well as other compounds in environmental samples, including air, water, soil, clothing articles, and pesticide product formulations. This also includes fertilizer products for labeling compliance and contaminants, such as heavy metals.
ESL also conducts method development for chemicals of emerging concern and utilizes state of the art instrumentation technologies. These include the following:
- Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES)
- Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
- Ion Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS/MS)
- Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS)
- Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GCMS/MS)
- Liquid Chromatography – Quadrupole Time of Flight (LC-QTOF)
- Gas Chromatography – Quadrupole Time of Flight (GC-QTOF)
- Nitrogen Analyzer
- Sulfur Analyzer
- Micro Kjeldahl
These instruments help ESL achieve low detection levels with accuracy and precision in short turnaround times.


Karen Terlecky leads students through a sentence study routine in her 5th grade classroom.
While demonstrating this lesson in front of teachers, Clare Landrigan uses the students’ previous work with inferring about author’s message to have them infer with unknown words they encounter in text.
Fifth-grade teacher Karen Terlecky leads a debrief of the previous night’s homework. The students share derivatives they found of the root word cycle. Click here to download the workshop guide....
In this video from a 5th grade small group, Clare Landrigan talks with students about making predictions and finding evidence in text. The text used is Jean Little's Hey World, Here I Am! Poems and short essays are excellent choices for small-group comprehension work, because the text can be read, reread, and discussed in just a few minutes.
In this lesson from a 5th grade classroom, Aimee Buckner guides students in a notetaking process to help understand the qualities of nonfiction narrative writing.
In this lesson from a 5th grade classroom, Aimee Buckner guides students in a notetaking process to help understand the qualities of nonfiction narrative writing. Students use their notetaking to lead them deeper into questioning as critical readers.
In this conference with a fifth grader, Aimee Buckner shares two strategies -- one to use when putting a book away between readings, and another to help keep track of characters in a complex narrative where the point of view is constantly shifting.
In this demonstration lesson from a fifth-grade classroom, Aimee Buckner works with students to construct an anchor chart for understanding the genre of historical fiction.
Keeping excitement for the next book to read can be a challenge. This session offers two ideas to sustain energy for independent reading. Melissa Quimby shares a creative and practical idea for students to name their reading identities. Christy Rush-Levine offers a tried-and-true practice of offering book talks so students can create a robust "To Be Read" list.
Teaching the genre of tests can seem far removed from writing workshop. Matt Renwick explores how to teach constructed response in a way that is integrated with the tenets of...
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Reflective teaching Heading link
As an instructor, how do you know if what you’re doing in the classroom is “working”? In other words, how do you know if your teaching methods are effective in engaging students and supporting them in achieving your course learning objectives?
When engaging in reflective teaching practices, instructors participate in teaching as a continuous improvement cycle (Brookfield, 2017). Instructors interact with students in the classroom via a variety of teaching methods. They can then take their teaching one step further by observing what is going on in their classroom by collecting data from different sources (e.g., students, peers, self-reflection, examining the education literature for evidence on best or promising instructional practices). Instructors then reflect upon what the data tells them about their teaching and the student learning experiences, and plan and implement changes based on their analysis and reflection. In this way, instructors’ teaching practices go through iterative changes based on their observations and feedback — an overall process we refer to as reflective teaching.
The feedback that instructors collect on their teaching typically is either formative or evaluative in nature. Formative feedback includes such tools as student mid-semester questionnaires and formative assessments integrated as learning activities in the course. This type of feedback can help you enhance your teaching on an ongoing basis. Evaluative feedback includes instruments such as student course evaluations or peer observations and is often used in advancement and promotion/tenure decisions.
The teaching guides in this section will cover topics that support your engagement in reflective teaching practices. We elaborate on different strategies for collecting data on your teaching, whether for formative or evaluative purposes, and include using students, peers, and self-reflection as data sources. We also share resources on how to write a teaching statement that incorporates a data-informed reflection on your teaching, which might be utilized in a dossier or job application.


Shavuot Prayers - Roman Jewish Community 1450
In this activity, you will be working with a historical resource that suggests how Shavuot was celebrated in the oldest Jewish community known in Europe - the Roman Jewish community - in the 1400s.
Step back in time to the the Roman Jewish community in the 1400s to consider the effect illustrations can have on the prayer experience.
In pairs, use the worksheet to analyze the historical resource from the medieval Roman machzor.
- Do you think every person in the community had an illustrated machzor like this one?
- What can be learned about the Jewish community of Rome from this historical source?
Imagine how Jews in the Roman community felt when they prayed using this machzor. How do you think the illustrations affected their feelings about the prayers?
- If you were illustrating a machzor for Shavuot, what aspects of the festival would you choose to illustrate?
- Choose a text read on Shavuot or a text that describes an aspect or custom related to this festival. Consider its message and the feelings that you would like the person reading it to experience. Draw an illustration to accompany the text.
Primary sources in this lesson
Primary source in this Game
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The Balfour Declaration - Learn More!
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Which Purim poster are you?
Are you a party animal or a traditionalist? Find out which Purim poster reflects your idea of this festival!


6. Displaying Text and Graphics
6.1. Display Block
• The Display Block to show information and pictures on the screen
• You can control the location and size of text
• You can use this same block to display sensor readings and instructions.
Located in Green Tab
MORE ON Display Blocks
Two modes to display
Pixel mode (Use for displaying images or text)
• 178 pixels left and right
• 128 pixels up and down
Grid mode (Easier to use, only works for text mode)
• 22 columns of 8 pixels each
• 12 rows of 10 pixels each
• Small characters are 1 row and 1 column
• Large characters are 2 rows and 2 columns
Displaying Text in Grid Mode
Pick Display Block
Click on “Switch Modes” icon and hover over “text”. Then click on “grid”. The icon will change into a square with dots.
Use the box on the top right to enter the text you want to display
• Can you write a program to display text in the middle of the screen? Display “Hello World”
• Make the display block run for 3 seconds
• Can you also move while doing this?
Challenge 2: Two lines of Text
• Now what if you want “Hello” to appear on one line and “World” to appear on the next line?
Hint: You will use two display blocks and don’t clear the screen on the second display block otherwise the first word will disappear!


A jury awarded a record-breaking amount of damages to a woman who had sued her former employer, Aaron’s Inc., for sexual harassment. The sexual harassment was egregious and shows that even if an employer thinks they have done everything right in training their employees on preventing sexual harassment, many employees may have still not fully understood the message.
A recent blog post on Forbes Woman by Victoria Pynchon discusses what employers can do to further make sure that their employees are not subjected to a hostile work environment. Pynchon says that many employers think they have done all that was required of them by requiring training on sexual harassment and complaint processes, and keeping track of who received training. Employers need to do more to ensure a safe and comfortable work environment.
Pynchon writes that employers can work on improving the communication skills of all employees and communication between men and women. People want to get along in the office. No one wants to feel like they have to tip-toe around each other, but no one also wants to be made uncomfortable or worse feel harassed. Problems can start small and grow over time, so employers should encourage open communication in the office in order to foster an environment where feelings can be expressed before problems grow.
Sexual harassment can occur between all genders and gender identities, but Pynchon’s post specifically dealt with sexual harassment by male employees against female employees. More open communication where women are more assertive in saying “no” or expressing that they are made uncomfortable by certain behavior by male colleagues could help stop sexual harassment immediately. Men also need to be taught to hear and respect their female colleagues when they express that they feel uncomfortable and to stop that behavior.
$95M Sexual Harassment Award — What Management Can Do (Forbes)


Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Program
The primary care provider (PCP) in cooperation with the audiologist directs and coordinates, as needed, the evaluation and referral process within the child's medical home by:
- Referring a newborn that does not pass a hearing screening to a pediatric audiologist for a diagnostic audiologic evaluation. View how hearing screening is performed.
- Providing a statement to parents stressing the importance of follow-up, the time and location of the follow-up appointment, and the telephone number of the screening audiology center.
- Referring a baby diagnosed with hearing loss to appropriate agencies capable of providing intervention services and to appropriate medical specialists (i.e., otolaryngologist and geneticist) as may be indicated by the diagnostic audiologic evaluation.
- Monitoring individual cases to assure that the diagnostic audiologic evaluation was completed, and facilitating the infant's receipt of amplification if needed and linkage to Early Intervention services.
- Providing updates regarding the infant's hearing status to the Department of Health upon request.
Providing ongoing monitoring and surveillance of all children, especially those with risk factors for late-onset and early childhood hearing loss. Approximately 2 to 3 babies per 1,000 are born with a hearing loss. Of babies with hearing loss, about 90% are born to hearing parents.


Steganography is an art of hiding messages covert way so that exclusive the sender and recipient know the original message.This technique permits sender and receiver to communicate secretly and the third party won’t mindful of the correspondence happen.
Steganalysis is the process of recovering hidden data, It decides the encoded hidden message, and if conceivable, it recovers that message.The message can be identified by taking a gander at changes between bit designs and unusually large file sizes.This is considered to be an attack on the covered information.
In this Kali Linux Tutorial, we show how to use the tool that uncovers hidden data from the image file.
It is a simple brute force tool, to test all we need is a stego image and a Wordlist. If you are not having wordlist get the one from here.
Must Read Complete Kali Tools tutorials from Information gathering to Forensics
How to install StegCracker
The tool exists in the with Ubuntu package management system, so the installation is pretty simple. You can download from GitHub.
$ apt-get install steghide -y
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Paradoxis/StegCracker/master/stegcracker > /bin/stegcracker
Then need to provide execute permission
$ chmod +x /bin/stegcracker
Then finally the brute-force attack.
$ stegcracker (imagefilename) (bruteforcetextfile)
Author: Luke Paris
One of the problems that we have these days is that there are not a lot of tools that include steganalysis modules, so it is a little difficult to protect our networks from this kind of attacks. There are different tools for steganalysis but almost all of them require a person to manually use them.
You can follow us on Linkedin, Twitter, Facebook for daily Cybersecurity updates also you can take the Best Cybersecurity courses online to keep your self-updated.
404 not found
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Paradoxis/StegCracker/master/stegcracker > /bin/stegcracker
some other way?


Basics of Rust Prevention
Many of us know that rust is reddish orange film on metal surfaces and that it isn’t good for it to develop. We know that we should seek rust prevention, but we may not know how to do it. We at Rust Bullet think that you should know thine enemy. The enemy that we’ve chosen to combat causes millions of dollars in damage across the world. Our enemy destroys cars, industrial equipment, farm machinery, and virtually anything that is metal. Our enemy is none other than rust. But what is rust, exactly?
What Is Rust?
Rust is the result of corrosion that develops when oxygen, water, and steel react with one another. The corrosion reaction is identified with the following equation:
4Fe + 2H2O + 3O2 = 2Fe2O3 H2O
Short-Term Rust Prevention Methods
Rust prevention, or rust proofing, can be obtained with a number of methods. Following are just some of the methods available. Metallic coatings that employ these processes:
- hot dip galvanizing
- zinc thermal spraying
- aluminum thermal spraying
- corrosion prevention by galvanizing steel
Long-Term Rust Prevention Method
When Rust Bullet is applied over rusted metal it penetrates the substrate, dehydrates the rust, until reaching the metal. This allows the resin to become intertwined with the rust, then becomes part of the coating and solidifies into an armor tough coating with phenomenal adhesion.
Rust Bullet offers a number of fantastic features unavailable with the short-term rust prevention methods previously discussed.
- No Topcoat Required
- UV, Chemical, Scratch and Chip Resistant
- Little to No Surface Prep
- Superior Patented Technology
- Two United States Patents
Other rust paint and rust prevention sprays are effective for weeks and in some cases months. Rust Bullet, however, can last up to ten years if properly applied.


What happens when someone says you are wrong or bad? Does it bring a greater sense of connection or disconnection to the relationship?
Calling a person wrong or bad typically shuts down dialogue and strains relationships. Being in right relationship means opening the conversation to respectfully share and understand each person’s experience.
How might you approach a conversation when you feel strongly?
1) Figure out what you are feeling. Thoughts of rightness and wrongfully are usually accompanied by feelings of anger, frustration, or hurt. Be compassionate with yourself to determine what you are feeling and allow yourself time to process that feeling.
2) Notice what you need. Feelings tell us whether our needs are met or unmet. Think about your underlying need. Be curious with yourself about what you really need.
3) Consider ways to meet the need. Usually, many, many ways exist to meet a need. Think of at least three ways to meet the underlying need. Be clear with yourself about which help you now and for the long-term.
Now, you are ready to communicate with clarity and compassion. Instead of calling someone a name or saying they are bad, simply speak in the way the late mediator Marshall Rosenberg taught…
- I feel….
- I need…
- Will you please…?
The person may respond “no” to your request, and you will then determine how to best meet your underlying need and whether to continue with the conversation.
Using non-violent communication (NVC) allows you to stay in right relationship with yourself and the other person. Being stuck on figuring out who is right and wrong generally leads to disconnection.
Would you rather be right, or in right relationship?
To learn more about NVC and other important conflict resolution and communication skills, sign up for an on-line class or send a message to arrange conflict resolution skills training to meet the needs of your business, group, or organization.


We will attempt to define and give examples of components of a 21st Century Classroom. A good place to start is with the Edutopia article written by Patrick Goertz. His article gives his idea of the ten signs of a 21st Century Classroom. As you will see in his article, his idea of the ten signs are:
- Technology Integration
- Collaborative Environment
- Opportunities for Creative Expression
- Inquiry-Based Approach
- Justification for Answers
- Writing for Reflection
- Use of a Problem-Based Methodology
- Hands-on Learning
- Teacher as Facilitator
- Transparent Assessment
Read through his article and look at the comments for each of those ten signs.
The image below, from edtechdigest.com, is a great diagram of a model of some of the components one should find in the modern classroom. Firstly, notice that this diagram emphasizes the technology hardware one might find. This includes some type of projection device that allows the entire class to engage in the content being presented and individual devices that provide students with a way to interact individually with the content. Next, the teacher has some type of data device and software that allows him/her to assess students individually or as a whole group and obtain data as to the student’s understanding of the content being presented. Thirdly, some less obvious components include wireless and digital texts.


On this day in 1495 the first known batch of Scotch whisky was recorded. In an entry in the Exchequer Rolls for 1494/95 it is written that malt was sent "To Friar John Cor, by order of the king, to make aqua vitae VIII bolls of malt", enough to make about 500 bottles. It’s from the term “aqua vitae", Latin for” water of life”, that whiskey derives its name, coming from the Gaelic Uisge, a shortened version of uisge beatha meaning, you guessed it, "water of life.”
This is unlikely to the first time whisky was distilled in Scotland. In fact the earliest mention of whiskey comes from Ireland, with the seventeenth-century Annals of Clonmacnoise attributing the death of a chieftain in 1405 to "taking a surfeit of aqua vitae" at Christmas. So it’s likely that its distillation developed in Scotland at around the same time, or at least shortly after.
Scotland’s king at the time was James IV and he is reported to have been very fond of the drink. Brother John Cor was a Tironensian monk based at Lindores Abbey in Fife, where he probably acted as an apothecary. He was a servant at James’ court and would therefore probably have been an obvious choice of distiller for the king.
At this time the distillation process was still in its infancy; whisky itself was not allowed to age, and as a result tasted very raw and brutal compared to today's versions. Renaissance-era whisky was also very potent and not diluted. Over time whisky evolved into a much smoother drink we know today and I for one am very happy about that - Sláinte!
This scene was built by Dan Harris as part of a series of models on Scottish history. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to see them first.
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BLOG TO THE PAST
On LEGO, History and other things by Brick to the Past


The magic of computer draws up unmatched possibilities of recorded sound, but if you do not have the necessary skills to use it using the latest tools, it is more or less a futile exercise. Luckily, your knowledge to electronic music production and sound design, such as setting up your home Studio with software and hardware integration, MIDI sequencing, mixing is now accessible. It doesn’t matter if you have experience in performing electronic music or you are an absolute rookie looking to fill in gaps in your skills, this schedule assists you in your requirement to raise your level in music production.
You will be accustomed to the synthesizer which is pre-requisite within contemporary scenario of music production. It is debatable if the real & great music can be made with or without the synthesizer, but if you understand the way how a synthesizer work’s, it will give you an edge to learn the language to describe sound of music. You would agree that Music is an art form using a collaborative structure; hence it is imperative you understand the power of this effective communication.
The bottom line is that music production is a creative process more influenced by individual efforts. Creativity generates from the mind and will struggle to reach out, unexpressed, until you have the right tools, utilised in the correct appropriate ways to share it out to the world. All it takes is an idea for you to give it a structure involving numerous steps, to ultimately reach your audience. What we need from you is your dedication and creativity, and our curriculum will strengthen your knowledge to reach your optimum.
Educating yourself with the functionality of a synthesizer, you can explore many avenues for yourself. There are various genres in ELECTRONIC DANCE MUSIC that you could try your hands on namely – Dubstep, Trance, House, Hard-style and many others. Ultimately you will get the hang of it and find working in different genres a smooth sail.
- Knowledge of DAW
- Thorough Training of synthesis
- Producing Beats
- Arranging Tracks
- Managing Tracks
- Understanding Timbre
- How to Process
- Practical Project
Course Length – 24 sessions
Duration – 03 Months
Fees – 55000/-


Part: Cardinal Numbers
In this part, we will be dealing with cardinal nubers or short cardinals. Cardinals are a mathematical clarification of the intuitive concept of how many elements a set has. For finite sets, it is possible to "count" the elements and tell the number corresponding to the number of elements in this set, or its cardinality. It turns out that cardinals represent the cardinalities of both, finite and infinite sets. But not only this. Cardinals do not only represent the cardinalities of other sets of but they are sets themselves. In the following text, we will see, how this all fits together.
Table of Contents
Motivations: 1 Explanations: 1
- Definition: Equipotent Sets
- Proposition: Cardinal Number
- Definition: Finite Set, Infinite Set
- Definition: Comparison of Cardinal Numbers
- Chapter: Can Cardinals be Ordered?
- Theorem: Schröder-Bernstein Theorem
- Chapter: Simple Facts Regarding Cardinals
- Definition: Countable Set, Uncountable Set
- Proposition: Union of Countably Many Countable Sets
- Proposition: Cardinals of a Set and Its Power Set
- Proposition: Subset of a Countable Set is Countable
- Proposition: Rational Numbers are Countable
- Proposition: Real Numbers are Uncountable
- Proposition: Uncountable and Countable Subsets of Natural Numbers
- Chapter: Continuum Hypothesis
Thank you to the contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0!


|Parent:||Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation|
|Num Employees:||800 (1943)|
Consairway (also Consairway Division or Consolidated Airway) was an American civilian wartime airline created in late-1941 as a subsidiary of the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation. The airline worked under contract to the United States Air Corps Ferrying Command, primarily for supplying the South West Pacific theatre of World War II. Its very first flights, starting April 23, 1942, however, were Lend-Lease deliveries of American-built aircraft to Great Britain and the Netherlands.
The airline performed hundreds of missions delivering munitions and personnel; and supporting USO activities from 1942 to 1945, including transporting passengers such as Bob Hope, Joe E. Brown and Eleanor Roosevelt. Consairway originally operated out of San Diego but then moved to Fairfield-Suisun Army Air Base in 1943. The airline operated land-based aircraft, as opposed to similar airlines operating flying boats, out of Hickam Field, Guam, Guadalcanal, Australia and New Guinea.
During its peak in 1943, the airline had 800 employees and operated twice-weekly flights to the South West Pacific. Consairway was reported to have flown more than 101 million ton-miles of cargo and 299 million passenger miles by its closing in 1945.
The airline flew the LB-30 Liberator II, Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express and Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber, as well as a converted XB-24B that was used as a luxury airliner for the United States Army Air Forces.
In 1992, the civilian employees who had worked overseas for Consairway between December 14, 1941, and August 14, 1945, received status and benefits as military veterans under the Veterans Benefits Administration.


Construction workers expend a great deal of energy in performing their jobs. The act of erecting a building around Cincinnati is no small feat and takes skilled professionals.
A construction site is one of the most hazardous work environments. The rate of injury for construction workers is higher than that of many other professions. To avoid becoming part of the statistic, keep a close eye out for these three dangers that are often present around the job site:
The most common injuries construction workers sustain are due to falls. Working around high-rise buildings increases the fall risk drastically. Falling from any height, even off a ladder, may leave a person in severe pain and with long-lasting physical injuries. Head impact, back injuries and fractures are just a few of the most common injuries caused by falling. To avoid this risk, wear the appropriate safety harness and exercise caution when traversing areas littered with tools and debris. Tripping leads to falling.
2. Hit by equipment
Some of the most vital equipment used in construction can also become the most dangerous. Getting hit by heavy machinery, like forklifts, is a risk around the job. The blame may lie with both the equipment operator and the person struck. The operator may not see everything clearly due to blind spots. Anyone walking nearby needs to stand out with a bright vest. Never walk behind a vehicle, even if it appears parked. Construction companies do not always ensure operators receive proper training. Thus, never operate something unfamiliar.
3. Caught in a trench
Trench work is vital to almost every construction project. However, they can also prove extremely dangerous to workers. Never enter a trench deeper than five feet without the proper support system. Otherwise, the trench may start to collapse on top of the unsuspecting worker. Utilize shield systems to better maintain stability.
If you have already experienced a construction site hazard that resulted in an injury, you may want to consult an attorney for help.


What Is Project-Based Learning?
Project-based learning (PBL) is a teaching method that works! Understand what it is and how to EASILY implement it in your class.
Use Questions Effectively in Teaching and Presenting: a How To for Asking the Right Ones
Mastering the power of questions is a significant achievement for any teacher or presenter in order to tailor your speach to the needs of your audience.
Game-Based Learning: What Is It? GBL vs Gamification: Types and Benefits
Through GBL (game based learning) students can learn with fun, increase their motivation and be at the centre of their growth; there’s no age to play and also teachers will love it.
Use Questions Effectively in Teaching and Presenting: Why Ask?
Master the power of questions to engage your students and promote their active learning online, in presence, in synchronous and asynchronous contexts.
Teachers are Artists and Artists are Teachers
The arts have played a major role in Marisol Santana’s development since when, as five years old, she began learning how to dance and play musical instruments…
5 Reasons to Choose Verona for your Next Teacher Training Course
We have just opened our doors in the beautiful city of Romeo and Juliet, offering a wide range of courses for educators, teachers, and school staff.
We All Smile in the Same Language
If you have attended one of our courses in Florence, you may have noticed how Tania, one of our office managers, always works with a big smile on her face.
The First Interview With One of Our Participants! – Markus Gruber
Today, for the first time, we would like to share the perspective of one of our participants: Markus Gruber.
All the World is a Stage for Mutual Understanding
José Angel Santana was an acclaimed young actor when he recognized pervasive media violence’s destructive influence on young people’s lives…


Embark on a virtual field trip to discover how Delaware’s natural and cultural resources reflect the past, and recognize how our actions today will impact future preservation. You will complete 8 activities that will connect you to your community, elevate the stories of people who lived there before you, and spark new understandings of how history shapes the present. First State National Historical Park has partnered with 8 Delaware organizations to explore the topics of architecture, art, archaeology, nature, curiosity, and heritage. You’ll learn about local waterways, investigate a bunch of artifacts, and learn how you can take action towards a brighter tomorrow.
This program has 8 different activities. We encourage you to explore them all! You can always return to this homepage to decide which of the activities you would like to do next by clicking the button at the bottom of each activity page.
Some activities may have you study photographs, or watch a video, analyze historical documents, or create something fun and imaginative. Then we’ll ask you to reflect on what you’ve learned. Paper and pencil are the only materials that you will definitely need for the activities, however, colored pencils and markers could also be useful if you have them.
Thank you to our partners!
This program was made possible in part by a grant from the National Park Foundation. However, this program would not have been possible without the amazing partnering organizations, listed below, who have donated their time and expertise to this virtual program. Big thanks to everyone who helped create this fun experience for us all.
Last updated: September 20, 2021


November Garden Calendar
- Apply Ferti-lome Winterizer to newly planted cool-season lawns 30 days after planting. Mow newly planted cool-season lawns to 2″-2.5″ after it reaches 3″ tall.
- Spray established cool-season lawns with Ferti-lome Weed Out to control fall-germinating broadleaf weeds such as dandelions, henbit, and chickweed. Although you may not see them until spring, fall is when they are still small and easy to kill.
- To prevent freeze damage, contact Tree Top to have your irrigation system winterized.
- Plant spring bulbs up to the time the ground freezes. Use bone meal or bulb food when planting.
- To attract birds throughout the winter, provide birdseed and keep ice-free water in your birdbath by using a birdbath heater.
Tree and Shrub
- Fertilize trees and shrubs with Ferti-lome Tree and Shrub Food in October or November.
- Spray broadleaf evergreens such as holly, boxwood, euonymus, and azaleas with Bonide Wilt Stop to help keep them green during the winter. Apply when the temperature is above 40 degrees.
- Transplanting trees and shrubs should be done after the plant is dormant. Preserve as much of the root system as possible, be careful not to dislodge the soil from the roots. Water thoroughly.
- Wrap the trunks of newly planted maples during the winter months to prevent sunscald. Sun-scald occurs in the winter when the sun heats the bark on the southwest side of a tree; the tissue breaks dormancy, then when the sun goes down, the bark freezes again, causing tissue damage. In the spring, you will notice dead, hollow areas underneath the bark.
- Give plants a thorough watering in the fall, so the soil is moist when it freezes. Mulching the ground around plants reduces soil freezing and makes it easier for roots to continue functioning in cold weather. Also, if it is a dry season, soak all plants and trees before hard freezes.


Unique Book Goes On Display
Monday, 26 May, 2003
The book dates back to 600BC.
The world's oldest multiple-page book - in the lost Etruscan language - has
gone on display in Bulgaria's National History Museum in Sofia.
It contains six bound sheets of 24 carat gold, with illustrations of a
horse-rider, a mermaid, a harp and soldiers.
The small manuscript, which is more than two-and-a-half millennia old, was discovered 60 years ago in a tomb uncovered during digging for a canal along the Strouma river in south-western Bulgaria.
It has now been donated to the museum by its finder, on condition of anonymity.
Reports say the unidentified donor is now 87 years old and lives in Macedonia.
The authenticity of the book has been confirmed by two experts in Sofia and London, museum director Bojidar Dimitrov said quoted by AFP.
The six sheets are believed to be the oldest comprehensive work involving multiple pages, said Elka Penkova, who heads the museum's archaeological department.
There are around 30 similar pages known in the world, Ms Penkova said, "but they are not linked together in a book".
The Etruscans - one of Europe's most mysterious ancient peoples - are believed to have migrated from Lydia, in modern western Turkey, settling in northern and central Italy nearly 3,000 years ago.
They were wiped out by the conquering Romans in the fourth century BC, leaving few written records.