Next month’s classroom lesson on the Real Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist includes some time in adoration, including Benediction and the singing of two traditional hymns written a long time ago by Saint Thomas Aquinas. We love this activity and the exposure it gives everyone to the ancient traditions of the Church, but the first time we did it our audience was just not adequately prepared. And that’s how this lesson came about.
So what’s the big deal about Latin anyway? Historically, when the Church began, Latin was the language common to all educated people in the western world and as more of them became Christians, it became the Church’s official language and the shared language for Catholics worldwide.
Today, Latin is not claimed by any particular country, so the Church shows no partiality in this choice. For example, if Portuguese were the official Church language, She would seem to be showing favor to Portugal.
Because Latin is a “dead language,” it does not evolve in the same was that a spoken language does. (Consider the current meaning of “mouse” and “text” and compare that to your great-grandparents’ definitions.) Because the meanings of Latin words do not change, it is an excellent safeguard for communicating the unchanging truths of the Faith.
The activities for this lesson are found in the QR link to the audio. (Check the back cover of the lesson.) At the very least, listen to O Salutaris and Tantum Ergo so you’re familiar with the hymns for next month’s gathering. If you’d like to go deeper, the prayers of the Rosary are also included. Even very young children can learn the Sign of the Cross in Latin, and your family may enjoy praying an entire Rosary while listening along.


Max Rady College of Medicine
Term: Tetanus (T)
Last Updated: 2011-05-05
An infectious disease that affects the body's muscles and nerves. It is often due to the contamination of a skin wound by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani , which is often found in soil.
- Hilderman T, Katz A, Derksen S, McGowan K, Chateau D, Kurbis C, Allison S, Reimer JN. Manitoba Immunization Study. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, 2011. [Report] [Summary] (View)
Term used in
- Chartier M, Finlayson G, Prior H, McGowan K, Chen H, de Rocquigny J, Walld R, Gousseau M. Health and Healthcare Utilization of Francophones in Manitoba. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, 2012. [Report] [Summary] (View)
Manitoba Centre for Health Policy
Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine,
Rady Faculty of Health Sciences,
Room 408-727 McDermot Ave.
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5 Canada


My children are bilingual, including my daughter who has Cri-du-Chat Syndrome, a disability that affects her mentally and physically. She’s not the only bilingual person with special needs, though. In fact, I know a young adult with Down Syndrome who is trilingual. And I read about another boy with Autism Spectrum Disorder who speaks at least four languages. This goes against the belief of many educators and therapists that children with special needs should focus on one language only. Most of the research focuses on three specialty groups: Specific Language Impairment (SLI), Down Syndrome (DS), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but the researcher still believes that other disabilities can learn a second language as well. This is great news for CCKs (Cross-Cultural Kids) and TCK s(Third-Culture Kids) who have special needs and their families who are raising them.
My daughter is fairly non-verbal, but she is able to communicate in both English and Chinese. She uses American Sign Language (ASL), speaks simple words in both languages, and sometimes uses communication boards. We speak mainly English at home and she goes to a Taiwanese special education school where they speak Chinese. Honestly, like most Third Culture Kids she is comfortable living in both worlds. It’s part of who she is.
But, what about just teaching a child with special needs a new language? Are there any benefits? Join the conversation over at Multicultural Kid Blogs where I share some benefits I’ve noticed.


Plenty of Americans ditch cooking at home in favor of dining out, but beware of eating too much restaurant and fast food. It could increase your risk for developing some diseases, including cancer, according to new research.
Researchers from George Washington University and the University of California Berkeley at San Francisco recently conducted a study, published in Environmental International, to determine the benefits and hazards of eating out.
To do so, they pulled data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, assessing the health of more than 10,000 people from 2005 to 2014. They then examined the links between what people ate and the levels of phthalate break-down products found in the participants' urine samples. Phthalates, used to make a range of plastics, nail polishes and moisturizers, have been linked to breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and fertility issues. They can seep into foods from packaging containing phthalathes.
After analyzing the results, they found that the levels of chemicals were 35 percent higher in those who regularly ate at restaurants, cafeterias and fast food places. They also discovered that individuals who ate cheeseburgers and other fast food sandwiches had phthalates levels 30 percent higher than those who did not eat them.
"This study suggests food prepared at home is less likely to contain high levels of phthalates, chemicals linked to fertility problems, pregnancy complications and other health issues," senior author Ami Zota said in a statement. "Our findings suggest that dining out may be an important, and previously under-recognized source of exposure to phthalates for the U.S. population."
The chemicals were particularly higher among adolescents. Teens who ate the most non-homemade foods had phthalates levels 55 percent higher than those who mostly ate at home.
"Pregnant women, children and teens are more vulnerable to the toxic effects of hormone-disrupting chemicals, so it's important to find ways to limit their exposures," coauthor Julia Varshavsky added.
The scientists now hope to continue their investigations to explore the most effective interventions to rid phthalates from the food supply.
About the Author


Elegance is a concept based on the arrangement of integral components to develop a visual whole. It is a primitive Western conception, embodied in classic and also neo-classical style, sculpture, literary works, and also music. According to Aristotle, “Appeal is the discussion of order in the plan of parts.”
It is a setup of indispensable parts
The classical concept of charm is an arrangement of essential components that generate a harmonious whole. This is the primitive conception of appeal and is mirrored in classic as well as neo-classical style, sculpture, literary works, and also songs. The classical perception of elegance likewise emphasizes balance and also best unity.
It refers cultivated or fragile pleasures
Lots of modern thinkers stay clear of the subject of appeal, due to its viewed frivolity. However, some argue that taking a look at elegance is an useful study, even for those outside the world of approach. These thinkers claim that appeal is not unimportant, yet rather has crucial functional usages for non-philosophers.
It is a matter of a pleasurable or unpleasant response to impressions or ideas
The classical perception of elegance is based upon the plan of indispensable parts right into a harmonious whole. It is the earliest Western perception of charm as well as is personified in timeless as well as neo-classical architecture, sculpture, literature, and music. According to Aristotle, elegance refers order symmetrical as well as parts’ relationship to the entire.
The 18th century brought us concepts regarding the significance of color. British empiricists such as John Locke thought about color as a subjective feedback. Locke argued that people regard different colors based on their mind states and that they vary from one an additional.
It refers freedom
The judgment of charm includes the use of numerous professors, as well as the act is a self-supporting cascade of feelings as well as ideas. The charm of something is not something to be judged by others; it needs to be a personal experience. To put it simply, elegance is something that is one-of-a-kind and also interesting for its own benefit.
According to Baumgarten, beauty is not nearly the physical look. It is additionally a matter of liberty as well as expression. Elegance can be specified by the content of a person’s life. The upper class are commonly meaningful.


A project coordinated by the Italian Space Agency
Launch opportunity provided by the European Space Agency
STATUS: Launched on 13 July 2022, operational in-orbit
GreenCube is a 3U CubeSat aimed at demonstrating an autonomous biological laboratory for plants cultivation on-board a CubeSat platform. The satellite project is managed by the S5Lab research team at Sapienza University of Rome and it involves ENEA (the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) and University of Naples “Federico II”. The project is coordinated by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and it has benefitted of a launch opportunity offered by the European Space Agency. The spacecraft has been launched on-board the maiden Vega-C flight on 13 July 2022 and it has been deployed in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at approximately 5800 km of altitude. GreenCube is carrying microgreens (brassicacae) seeds for the farthest experiment ever of plants cultivation in microgravity.
The spacecraft main payload is composed of a pressurized vessel of approximately 20 x 10 x 10 cm of size hosting actuators and sensors needed for environmental monitoring and control and to allow the cultivation of the microgreens. The pressurized vessel is autonomously able to monitor air composition and pressure, humidity, air recirculation, lighting conditions and, ultimately, to optically monitor the plants growth through VIS and IR cameras. As for the spacecraft bus, commercial components already tested in-orbit by the S5Lab team are allowing spacecraft control and communication in two bands (UHF and S-band) between 5800 and 10000 km of slant range, more than 5 times higher than the “usual” slant ranges considered by LEO CubeSat missions.
A secondary payload has been developed by the Institute of Space Systems at the University of Stuttgart. The payload, named PETRUS, is a PPT (Pulsed Plasma Thruster) motor that will be used as additional attitude control system, which will be demonstrated in-orbit during the operations. The spacecraft propulsion system is hosted in the tuna can volume of the 3U CubeSat.


What are Biscuits?
Biscuits are a type of baked or oven-heated snack food. They come in many varieties, such as sweet and savory types, made from flour, eggs, butter, shortening and other ingredients depending on the recipe. Biscuits have been enjoyed around the world for centuries and are still popular today.
Can Budgies Eat Biscuits?
The answer is no – budgies should not be fed biscuits because they contain ingredients that can be dangerous for them to ingest. Although some pet owners may opt to give their birds treats like human snacks, it is best to avoid giving them anything with sugar or salt as these can have adverse effects on their health. Additionally, there is also a risk of choking due to small pieces of biscuit breaking off when eaten by the bird.
What Can Budgies Eat Instead?
Fortunately there are plenty of safe alternatives that you can feed your budgie instead! Fruits and vegetables like apples (no seeds), carrots (cooked!), broccoli florets and cauliflower make great choices since they provide valuable nutrients without any added sugars or salts which could harm your pet bird’s health. Seeds such as millet sprays also make excellent treats — just remember not to give too much at one time since this could lead to obesity in your feathered friend! Finally don’t forget about commercial bird mixes specifically designed for parakeets; these provide balanced nutrition while still being tasty enough for even picky eaters!


Family Literacy Day
“Show me a family of readers, and I will show you the people who move the world.“
Family Literacy Day takes place every January 27th to raise awareness about the importance of reading and engaging in other literacy-related activities as a family. Since 1999, thousands of schools, libraries, literacy organizations and other community groups have taken part in the initiative. This year, Family Literacy Day activities will be happening in CDSBEO schools from January 23rd to January 31st.
In addition to the great resources from our partners at ABC Life Literacy Canada, here are a few more great ideas for promoting Literacy at home!
Text You Later!
Encourage older kids to read and write through texting, if they have a cell phone. Send them a link to an article that you think they will like and ask them what they thought.
Slumber Party Book Club
Choose a book to read as a family, then watch the movie together as a family in your PJs. Talk about what you liked from the book and the movie – and don’t forget the popcorn!
Drop Everything and Read!
Set aside 15 minutes at the same time every day to read. This can be done at home, at school, independently, or as a group.
Family Favourite Food
Have your child write down how to make their favourite family meal. They can then share the recipe with their friends and family, or even make a video showing how to make the meal!


Tidal current energy is global, abundant and a valuable source of untapped renewable energy. It is generated by the movement of ocean water volumes during changing tides, resulting in reversing current flows that can be intensified near coasts with constraining topography. This energy can be harnessed using either seabed-mounted or floating tidal current turbines. There is also technology designed to capture energy from ocean currents (nearly continuous and relatively constant unidirectional flow) and from river currents.
The tidal energy sector has been consistently delivering step changes in recent years, with developers focusing on building up experience with long term operation and the execution of maintenance programs, but also on the installation of new turbine designs, developing improved control systems and optimizing fully integrated power train solutions. These innovations aim to reduce the cost of tidal energy technology, increase rated power and enhance turbine performance.
Several projects under development are delivering local economic value for coastal communities. Developers are also delivering comprehensive environmental monitoring programmes and collaborating with several partners to address marine spatial planning issues for wide-scale uptake of tidal energy. All these efforts are being supported by highly experienced partners who are dedicated to the delivery of tidal energy and committed to accelerating its future uptake with a meaningful impact. By working together, the sector is making progress towards the development of large-scale, commercially viable tidal energy projects, with a continued path of cost reduction alongside enhanced reliability


Green is the most common floral color. It only seems to be rare amongst flowers because almost all green bloom relies on wind for pollination. Thus, neither color nor fragrance is useful to get the attention of pollinators. Actually, green flowers do not get much attention at all. They are easy to ignore in the wild, and generally unpopular within home gardens.
Most showy green flowers such as zinnia, chrysanthemum, hydrangea and gladiolus are progeny of unnatural breeding. Showy but naturally green flowers such as hellebore and orchid are merely incidentally green, as they employ infrared or ultraviolet color to attract pollinators. Although people can not see infrared or ultraviolet color, many pollinators do.
After all, flowers bloom only for pollination. Many customize color as well as fragrance to appeal to preferred pollinators. They are merely incidentally appealing to people as well. People breed flowers to be more appealing to people, even if unappealing to pollinators. Nonetheless, even breeding is limited to characteristics that initially attracted pollinators.
It is impossible to identify the most common color among flowers that rely on pollinators. Pollinators are regional. Therefore, red and orange flowers may be more common where hummingbirds who prefer red or orange are more common. Purple flowers may be more common where bees or certain butterflies who prefer purple are the dominant pollinators.
Yellow seems to be the most common natural color of flowers of North America. Red and orange are very common as well. Although common, pink is merely a tint of red, so is not a real color. Neither is brown, which is a shade of orange. Although very common among flowers that rely on wind pollination, it is quite rare among flowers that rely on pollinators.
Blue is the rarest natural floral color. Many flowers that seem to be quite blue are actually purplish. Purple is uncommon, but not as rare as blue. Ultraviolet and infrared get almost no consideration since they are invisible to people. However, both are common amongst most showy flowers, particularly white and maybe red flowers. Red is invisible to insects, though infrared is not.


Patient-Centred Care: When words become meaningless
Updated: Sep 12, 2020
The terminology of what started out as bedside manner has bounced around from patient centred care to patient experience to patient engagement to patient partnership.
I’ve heard the term person-centred care and client-centred care. And relationship-based care. And in pediatrics, this is typically called family-centred care.
In the olden days it was bedside manner, but this mostly applied to physicians. Today, the notion of feeling empathy and demonstrating compassion towards patients is sometimes called soft skills. Or interpersonal skills. Or communication skills. Or human skills.
Now my head is officially swimming. All these phrases are used so often that they have become meaningless jargon. The corporate types have stolen the words from patients and made everything overly complex. These phrases are slapped onto hospital strategy documents and health authority websites but they mean absolutely nothing unless they are backed up by real-life actions and behaviours by people who work in health care settings.
I stand firm in saying that you cannot say you are patient centred until patients say you are patient centred.
But what does patient centred even mean?
My latest Lesson Plan from my Bird’s Eye View book’s course content goes back to the basics. In The Bedrock of Health Care, I share short stories about respect, dignity, information sharing and collaboration while guiding students to dig deep and share their own stories from their lives.
Patient centred care (or whatever you want to call it) is simply how you show that you care about patients as human beings. If you master this, you will transform from being merely a competent health professional into a beloved one.
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In this post let’s discuss about using a synchronizer token pattern to prevent CSRF (CSRF meaning Cross-site request forgery.). Synchronizer token pattern (STP) is a technique where a token, secret and unique value for each request, is embedded by the web application in all HTML forms and verified on the server side.
Then the token is generated by the server with ensuring the uniqueness. In here server generates token per every session. In that case the attacker is unable to place a correct token in their requests to authenticate them.
A third party attacker cannot perform a CSRF attack, because cross domain AJAX calls are not possible. This means, the victim is in banker.com, and attacker.com cannot request the CSRF token from the server via an ajax, because the domain doesn't match each other, and cross domain ajax calls are not possible as I mentioned before.
Let’s understand Synchronizer token pattern with a flow diagram.
- User sends GET request to a server
- Server sets the cookie with session_id, and saving session data with the token
- Server returns HTML with a form containing token in a hidden field.
- User submits form, along with a hidden field.
- Server compares token from the submitted form (hidden field) with the token saved in the session storage. If they match, it means that form is submitted by a user.
- Simple to implement.
- Works with AJAX.
- Works with forms.
- Cookie can actually be HTTP Only.
- All forms must output the hidden field in HTML.
- Any AJAX POSTs must also include the value.
- The page must know in advance that it requires the CSRF token so it can include it in the page content so all pages must contain the token value somewhere, which could make it time consuming to implement for a large site.


Coffee lovers can drink plenty of cups of this favorite beverage every day. When coffee or tea or other beverages with caffeine are drunk in large quantities, they can cause a so-called “caffeine crash”. Caffeine has a stimulating and arousing effect only during the first few hours. Caffeine cannot give a feeling of alertness and activity for a long time. Frequent and abundant consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages has a counter-effect on the body. The temporarily suppressed feeling of fatigue and exhaustion quickly returns. Anxiety, irritability and difficulty concentrating but also sleep problems are also counterproductive feelings caused by excessive coffee intake.
- Nutritionists recommend a maximum of 3 cups of coffee a day. Energy drinks, coca-cola, pepsi-cola also contain a significant amount of caffeine.
- It is important to drink coffee with drinking water because caffeine promotes dehydration. The body recovers quickly with plain water without additional stimulating drinks.
- Caffeine intake can be reduced by a diet rich in protein. Proteins constantly give the body energy. The menu should include nuts, legumes, eggs, mushrooms and various dairy products.
- Sudden cessation of caffeine consumption can cause headaches, fatigue, lack of concentration and even nausea. Coffee should be gradually reduced until the desired norm of 3 cups of coffee per day is reached. Or less.
- Vegetables from the cruciferous family (kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, etc.) are an excellent choice for detoxifying the body from caffeine. Broccoli has proven to be particularly excellent as a cleanser or detox vegetable from caffeine in the body.
- More sleep means less coffee. The body is rested and sleepy, so the need for caffeine is reduced.
- Sedentary jobs that require prolonged sitting in a chair cause exhaustion and drowsiness. Always choose movement and light stretching of the legs and arms and deep breathing or a shorter stay in the fresh air to regain a sense of alertness than a cup of coffee.


Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) scientists Manuel Guariguata (far left), Cara Rockwell (center left) and team in a Brazil nut concession, Madre de Dios, Peru.
The scientists are working on a study examining the impact of selective logging on Brazil nut production - for the full story see: www.blog.cifor.org/16623/harvesting-both-timber-and-brazi...
Photo by Marco Simola/CIFOR
For more information on CIFOR's research on Brazil nuts in Peru, please contact Manuel Guariguata (mailto:email@example.com)
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: firstname.lastname@example.org and email@example.com
Womanly, Women, Sexual Roles, People, Forest Management, Female, Forests, Male, Puerto Maldonado, Community Forestry, Mapping, Horizontal, Discussing, Latin America, Activity, Woman's Status, Gender Relations, Natural Resources, Horizontals, Methodology, Land, Environment, Amazonas, Men, Males, Forest, GLF Marrakesh, Man, Females, Scenery, Livelihoods, Madre De Dios, PER, CIFOR, Climate Change, Brasilian Nut, Peru, America, Nuez Brasilera.


The government in the Democratic Republic of Congo cut internet and text message services across the country two days in a row last week, as tensions rose ahead of the release of official results from last month’s presidential election. It was just the latest move to restrict internet access by a state with a poor democratic track record, as more countries appear to take their digital cues from the likes of China and Russia.
Last year, Thailand proposed a cybersecurity law that would give the government “sweeping powers” to surveil the internet, censor content and even seize computers “without judicial oversight.” The United Arab Emirates tightened its cybercrime laws by allowing stronger enforcement actions against those inciting acts “deemed” to be against the country’s interest. Egypt similarly gave its judges greater power to censor online content found to threaten “national security.”
Tanzania’s strict new internet law, which gives its Communication Regulatory Authority powers to censor content, are increasingly forcing bloggers offline. Uganda, apparently influenced by Tanzania’s law, enacted a social media tax in 2018 that charges citizens more to access platforms like Twitter or WhatsApp, which mirrors practices in Iran, where foreign websites cost twice as much to access as domestic ones. Turkey expanded the government’s online censorship power. Kazakhstan banned anonymous online comments. Even Israel considered an internet censorship law. And on the first day of 2019, a controversial cybersecurity law went into effect in Vietnam that “puts stringent controls on tech companies operating inside the country” and “censors what its citizens read online.” The country has already claimed that Facebook has violated that law by allowing users to post what Vietnamese authorities call “anti-government” comments and apparently refusing to respond to the government’s requests to censor content.


Air temperatures at cruise altitudes range between -70 and -55 Celsius, the lowest values usually found in the Northern hemisphere in winter time. At such temperatures, the jet fuel having long enough time would freeze. For example, the freezing temperature of Jet A1 is -40 Celsius. Some other advanced fuels have freezing temperatures -f -47 Celsius. So, what happens?
First of all, "freezing" does not necessarily mean block freezing. However, even small solid parts in the fuel feed lines are sufficient to create damage, because they can reduce and even stop the fuel flow. To limit these effects, fuel in the more critical tanks is burned first; each airplane has an optimal sequence of fuel use in flight, following procedures established by the aircraft manufacturers. Water content in the fuel can be catastrophic.
In any case, this even is extremely rare, because the fuel can be used as a heat sink, and it can be "warmed" by using waste heat from other services. Even when this is not possible, freezing is normally entirely avoided.
Let us show a practical example. A Boeing B777 on a long range cruise flight has a bulk jet temperature as shown in the graph below, extracted from the Flight Data Recorder (FDR in the graph).
FLIGHT-X has an in-built thermo-physics model that allows the simulation of the wing tank fuel temperatures, as demonstrated above. There is always a difference in temperature between the liquid and the vapour phase of the fuel.
The thermo-physics and its numerical method is explained in one of our publications. (Chapter 15). We can provide a variety of simulations on a wide selections of airplanes and fuel characteristics.


Robotics for children is a fascinating and very entertaining exercise that helps children develop harmoniously and successfully learn.
Children’s robotics brings benefits in many areas:
- develops engineering skills;
- forms creative and figurative thinking, broadens the mind;
- teaches a diverse approach to finding solutions to problems, analyze information;
- sharpens teamwork skills;
- develops such qualities as purposefulness, perseverance, curiosity, perseverance.
Circle of robotics for children gives knowledge of design, programming, physics, mathematics. Despite the engineering orientation, the creative component in robotics is very strong – here you have to invent a lot and compose, therefore, along with technical qualities, fantasy also develops.
We invite our students to the section of robotics for children on the basis of the International Russian School.
The main goal of the classes is the development of useful skills and the development of thinking in children. At each lesson, the child learns a lot of new things, hones his skills, invents.
Robotics is not a hobby for several weeks or months, it is a serious activity, which implies a high concentration and focus on achieving the goal, consistent movement to the result, mastering and honing the acquired skills with successful application in practice.
Each lesson in the section consists of three blocks:
- theoretical part;
- practical part: design and programming;
- free activity of students based on the knowledge gained.
Bring the children to the robotics circle, we will learn and design together!


Celebration of Amongmong Festival
The people of Sangtam tribe offer their respects and prayers once the seeds sown in their fertile lands begin to nurture and grow. The prayers are for a very thriving cultivation. The purpose of the Mongmong festival is to distinguish the dead from the living. The separation of the two is the true essence of the festival.
During the festivities, the religious advocate in charge of the district known as Beburu, recites a certain rite twice. Recitation of the prayer is done once in the evening and once in the morning. The Morning Prayer is considered rather more powerful and brings prosperity. Whereas, the prayer constituted in the evening is forged for the banishment of evil spirits that linger around their lands and proliferate bad vibes.
The main objective of the festival is to have a good harvest. Each day of the festival has its own significance. The first day is called Singkitshsa, which is marked by closing of all transaction that are related to purchase of domestic animals like pigs, cow, Mithuns and roping them. Preparing and collection of food stuff is done on that day. On the second day, the roped domestic animals are killed. After setting aside some portion for the feast, the meat is distributed among the team members of a group called athiru and akhingru.
The third day is known as Musuyangtap and it is a day of worshipping the three oven stones. The oldest woman of the household perform this ritual by placing gum rice balls on the top of the stones and pouring little wine on these stones. God lijaba is represented by this stone.
On these three days, the villagers will neither go to fields nor outside the village as this is believed to bring calamities. As dawn sets in the priest would go to the village well and draw water carefully. Others would follow him. Each one of them must cover their head with green leaves else they would be affected by cholera.
The fourth day is called kikha-langpi and the day is spent cleaning. And on the last and final day, known as ‘shilang wuba nyunong’, the villagers visit relatives, friends and neighbouring villages, sharing meal and drinks. The Amongmong festival is a sort of a thanksgiving to Mother Earth.
|More Articles in Festivals of Nagaland (14)|


The statistics surrounding workplace slips, trips and falls are striking. Whether climbing scaffolding or drifting between meetings all day, you can be killed or seriously injured in a slip, trip or fall at work.
According to Injury Facts 2016, slips, trips and falls were responsible for 724 deaths and 229,190 injuries in 2013. That number includes:
- Construction: 302 deaths/21,890 injuries
- Education and health services: 13/47,740
- Manufacturing: 42/21,430
- Transportation and warehousing: 35/21,970
- Professional and business services: 91/19,300
- Wholesale trade: 25/12,640
Construction workers are at the greatest risk. But look at education and healthcare, with nearly 50,000 injuries. Workers in professional and business services, which include accounting, advertising, architectural, engineering, computer and consulting, saw 91 deaths.
Why are we at Such Risk for Slips, Trips and Falls?
You might assume only falls from height cause death and injury, but falls on the same level accounted for 110 deaths and 141,060 injuries in 2013. Why is this happening?
We walk everywhere and we rarely think about it. We are distracted with handheld devices and generally on autopilot, not noticing the hazards we encounter every day. We often are rushing to get somewhere, don’t hold the handrails on stairways and allow clutter to build up in our work areas.
Hazards in the Workplace
Four risk categories affect slips, trips and falls – environment, equipment, work practices and individual behavior – and common causes can be seen in every industry, according to OSHA.
- Grease, food or blood spills on smooth floors or walking surfaces
- Lack of friction between shoe and floor material
- Transition from one floor surface to another, or uneven surfaces
- Loose rugs or floor boards
- Inappropriate footwear for the job
- Weather hazards, such as ice
- Hoses, cords or wires across walkways
- Clutter in work areas
- Open file or desk drawers
- Irregular stair risers and improper demarcation between steps
- Poor lighting or glare
- Inadequate or missing signage


A Druids Herbal for the Sacred Earth Year
For the ancient Druids, the healing and magical properties of herbs were inseparable from the larger cycles of the seasons, the movements of the planets, and the progression of a human life.
A Druid’s Herbal shows the reader how to use herbs when creating rituals to celebrate festivals and significant life passages such as births, house blessings, weddings, funerals, and naming ceremonies.
Drawing on extensive research and a deep personal experience with Pagan traditions, Ellen Evert Hopman explores the history and folklore surrounding the eight major Celtic festivals: Samhain, Winter Solstice, Imbolc, Spring Equinox, Beltaine, Summer Solstice, Lugnasad, and Fall Equinox. Included in each discussion are complete instructions on the medicinal and magical uses of the herbs associated with each celebration.
Using these Celtic traditions as examples, the author suggests ways to incorporate the symbolic and magical power of herbs into personal rituals that honor all phases of life from childbirth to last rites. Also included are chapters on how to prepare herbal tinctures, salves, and poultices; herbs used by the Druids; herbal alchemy and the planets; and the relationships between herbs and sacred places.
Filled with practical information and imaginative suggestions for using herbs for healing, ceremony, and magic, this book is an indispensable and comprehensive guide to age-old herbal practices.


Hormonal headaches, or headaches linked to menstruation, may result from changes in the levels of progesterone and estrogen in your body. These hormonal changes can have an impact on serotonin and other neurotransmitters in your brain, which can lead to headaches. A headache before your period can be caused by many things, the two big ones being hormones and serotonin. Premenstrual headaches are usually caused by the decrease in estrogen and progesterone that happens before your period begins. While these hormonal changes happen in all people who menstruate, some are more sensitive to these changes than others. Hormonal birth control pills can also cause premenstrual headaches in some people, though they improve symptoms for others.
According to Dr Anne MacGregor, formerly of the National Migraine Centre, more than half of women who get migraines notice a link with their periods. This is because of the natural drop in oestrogen levels at these times. It’s worth keeping a diary for at least 3 menstrual cycles to help you check whether your migraines are linked to your periods. The Migraine Trust has an online headache diary, which may be a useful tool. If keeping a diary reveals that your headaches develop just before your period, you can try these tips to help prevent a migraine. Your doctor can also prescribe anti-migraine medicines for you to take around the time of your period. If you have headaches during the days you do not take the pills, you can avoid the sudden fall in oestrogen by taking several packs continuously without a break. Find out more about the contraceptive pill. The hormone changes that happen as women approach the menopause mean that all types of headache, including migraines, become more common.
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BOSTON – Anyone who thinks the international weather community has given up the fight to protect key portions of the radio frequency spectrum from 5G interference is mistaken.
After losing a battle at the International Telecommunication Union’s World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 in Egypt, meteorologists, atmospheric scientists, aerospace engineers and radio frequency experts met at the American Meteorological Conference to plan their next campaign.
“We are really deeply worried about this microwave spectrum,” said Wenjian Zhang, World Meteorological Organization assistant secretary-general. “We face the danger that this critical band will be polluted by 5G.”
In the last 20 years, passive microwave sensors on weather satellites have detected faint signals emitted by water vapor in the atmosphere from 23.6 to 24 GHz. Data drawn from those sensors “is the most significant contributor to reduced forecast error,” according to Developing a Sustainable Spectrum Approach to Deliver 5G Services, a paper released Jan. 13 by the Aerospace Corp.’s Civil Spectrum Management Group.
Those signals are “absolutely key to knowing what is going on in the atmosphere,” said David Lavers, a European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts scientist.
World Radiocommunication Conference delegates agreed to allow 5G technologies to operate from 24.25-27.5 GHz as long as equipment limits the strength of signals spilling over into the adjacent band.
Meteorologists, who say the limits do not go far enough to protect weather observations, are calling for further dialogue between the weather and telecommunications communities.
“Until the dialogue happens, I don’t think the two sides are going to arrive at good solutions,” said David Lubar, Aerospace Civil Spectrum Management Group senior project leader.
Meteorologists and atmospheric scientists said they are not seeking to hinder 5G rollout, noting its promising weather-related applications.
“We need new technology for telecommunications but we also need to protect satellite frequencies because weather forecasts protect life and property,” Zhang said. With any new technology, it’s important to evaluate both the costs and benefits, he added.
One potential solution posed in the new Aerospace paper is spectrum time-sharing. Networks could switch from 5G to 4G or a different wireless frequency for a few seconds whenever a satellite with a passive microwave sensor passes overhead.


Keeping up Efficiency in Hydraulic Systems
The effectiveness of a hydraulic system is a basic need to its activity. In the event that the working conditions, including the liquid thickness are not kept ideal, this makes the driving engine accomplish extra work to conquer the deficiency of power in the system. For instance, this can make systems with a fixed-limit electric engine work all the more languidly. This could likewise prompt less control and helpless reaction of the engine. Also, if the motor is an ignition motor, it would need to consume more fuel to conquer the deficiency of proficiency and to keep up the yield.
The general proficiency of hydraulic systems depends on a blend of both mechanical and volumetric characteristics. Mechanical productivity is affected when there is a frictional misfortune and the energy that is expected to redress. A frictional misfortune comes about because of scouring metal surfaces and liquid grinding. Under typical working conditions, a hydraulic system will have oil streaming constantly and most contact is identified with liquid grating. Volumetric proficiency then again is the consequence of the stream misfortunes inside a hydraulic system. Both volumetric and mechanical proficiency are eventually affected by the liquid’s obstruction. Considering that, hydraulic systems are designed and worked for an ideal progression of liquids while holding fast to limits for safe activity of system segments and check over here. Administrators are urged to move in this reach as well as could be expected. When both are adjusted and working without yield punishments, productivity increments just as the life span of the system and its parts.
One approach to guarantee a hydraulic system is working at top productivity is to keep up the system’s working temperature at the very same level all through the activity pattern of the system. The working temperature of a hydraulic system can be affected by numerous normal elements, which incorporates the barometrical temperature, changes in the process temperature, just as changes in the measure of air and water fume that is contained inside the oil. On the off chance that the two ascribes are not adjusted, the system will burn-through and furthermore squander a lot of energy during the presentation of its typical working capacities. Anything that influences the system temperature could likewise conceivably influence the oil temperature. An adjustment of the oil’s thickness will probably adversely affect the system.


The Varpalota Kavallerieregiment was a cavalry unit that served in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I. The regiment was established in 1867 and was based in the town of Varpalota, which is located in modern-day Hungary.
During the war, the Varpalota Kavallerieregiment saw action on both the Eastern and Italian fronts, playing an important role in reconnaissance and cavalry operations. They were known for their mobility and speed, which allowed them to launch surprise attacks against enemy forces and disrupt supply lines.
In addition to their work as cavalry, the Varpalota Kavallerieregiment also took part in defensive operations. In many cases, they were responsible for maintaining and reinforcing the front line, defending against enemy advances and protecting key positions.
Throughout the war, the Varpalota Kavallerieregiment suffered heavy casualties, with many soldiers being killed or wounded in battle. Despite these losses, however, the regiment continued to fight with bravery and dedication, earning the respect of their fellow soldiers and officers.
After the war, the Varpalota Kavallerieregiment was disbanded along with many other units of the Austro-Hungarian army. However, their legacy lives on through the sacrifices made by these soldiers in service to their country.
Today, the Varpalota Kavallerieregiment is remembered as one of the most distinguished cavalry units of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Their contributions to reconnaissance and cavalry operations helped to turn the tide of many battles, and their bravery and sacrifice will always be remembered.
In conclusion, the Varpalota Kavallerieregiment was a notable military unit that served with distinction in World War I. Their contributions to reconnaissance and cavalry operations helped to turn the tide of many battles, and their bravery and sacrifice will always be remembered. While their story may have been largely forgotten by history, it is important to honor and remember the sacrifices made by these soldiers in service to their country.


JAKARTA (Reuters) - The amount of land in Indonesia consumed by fires through September this year has exceeded the amount burned during all of 2018, according to data given by a government official on Monday.
Raffles Panjaitan, forest fire management acting director at the Forestry and Environment Ministry, told reporters that by the end of September 2019 a total of 857,756 hectares (2.12 million acres) had been burned.
That is more than the 529,267 hectares that burned in 2018, according to Indonesian government data. The fires have consumed the most land since 2015, when government data showed 2.6 million hectares burned.
The area burned surged from 328,724 hectares that was consumed between January and August, Panjaitan said, and added that the size of the burned area is expected to continue expanding this month, although not “as drastic” as last month’s.
“Fire fighting is continued to be carried out, even today the teams are on the ground working to prevent escalation,” Panjaitan said.
The country has spent months to battle forest fires in Sumatra and Borneo that have caused thick haze which drifted over neighboring Malaysia and Singapore.
Rain has started falling in some areas on Sumatra which offered some respite, but Panjaitan does not expect the rainy season to fully arrive until around mid-November.
Forest and peat fires typically take place in Sumatra and Borneo, often linked to slash-and-burn practices to clear areas for palm cultivation.
However, Panjaitan warned that there are rising cases of fire in Java island, including in conservation areas.
On Sunday, the country’s disaster mitigation agency said four hikers were evacuated from Mount Ranti in East Java due to forest fire.
“In Java, the fires are usually unintentional because people who went to hike throw away cigarette butts carelessly,” Panjaitan said.
Reporting by Bernadette Christina Munthe; Writing by Fransiska Nangoy; Editing by Christian Schmollinger
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


YUGOSLAV IDEALISM OF SERBIAN PATRIOTISM – DEMOCRATS IN VOJVODINA 1918
Text topic: The Centennial оf The Unification оf Vojvodina With Serbia
Text author: Саша Марковић
In October 1918, after the successful military operations following the breaking of the Thessaloniki front line, representatives of the Serbian political elite in Vojvodina, having been forced into isolation during the Great War, but having also demonstrated loyalty to Vienna, started forming national committees. Their aim was to separate the territories of Banat, Bačka and Baranja from the existing state and to connect them into a new union state which would resemble the military and political aspirations of the Kingdom of Serbia. This was a long-awaited moment for the Serbs across the state borders for unification with compatriots into a single state. During this enterprise, there emerged various problems from which the opposition of the Hungarian population and their revolutionary government lead by Mihalj Karolji was the most serious. Although in these circumstances people expected a firm attitude, it was found only in the consensus on unification. Differences have appeared in the way of accomplishing the pursuit. The majority, led by the Radical party, advocated for merging of Vojvodina with the Kingdom of Serbia, while a number of Serbs, led by the pre-war Democratic Party representatives, favoured Vojvodina’s annexation to the National Council of Slovenians, Croats and Serbs from Croatia, which would, through this body, with the Kingdom of Serbia create a new Yugoslav State. The most influential among the representatives of these political lines were Tihomir Ostojić and Vasa Stajić.


The mass exodus of Huguenot immigrants from France to Geneva, Amsterdam, London, and other places started in 1572 after the “St. Bartholemew’s Day Massacre” on 24 August.
The Huguenots began arriving in South Carolina in 1669.
The revocation of the “Edict of Nantes” was in 1685.
In 1699/1700 there were five embarkations from England to Virginia and Carolina. The names of 3 of the 5 ships which transported Huguenots were ‘Peter and Anthony,’ ‘Nassau’ and ‘Mary Ann.’ The ‘Mary Ann’ was the first ship to arrive in Virginia (at the mouth of the James River).
About five hundred Huguenots settled in Carolina by 1700. Many of these were artisans, following trades in the New World that they had learned in the Old: blacksmiths, coopers, gunsmiths, and clockmakers. And many were young and newly married, a younger population being more willing to undertake the long and dangerous ocean voyage. These French-speaking settlers quickly moved into the political life of the young colony, also quickly organized their own church in Charlestown. Source “A Religious History of America”, Gaustad, Edwin Scott. p. 100. Harper, SanFrancisco, 1990
In 1700-1701 over three hundred French Huguenot refugees were settled by the colonial authorities on the south bank of the James River in King William Parish (ten thousand acres donated by King William III), Manakin, Goochland County, Virginia.
Manakin is about 15 miles west of Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia on Rt 6 (Patterson Ave.) & River Road. A bridge across the James River on River Road in the West-End of Richmond is called the Huguenot Bridge.
Some Huguenots later moved to Colonial Williamsburg, James City County, Virginia (east of Richmond along I-64); Essex County, Virginia; and Hanover County, Virginia.
Source: Stephen Chinn, Kansas Historic Trails
See also: Huguenot Emigration to Virginia


5 Tips to Keeping Your Mind Sharp and Healthy
As we age, it’s important to take care of our mental health, just as we do our physical health. Keeping your mind sharp can help you stay mentally alert, improve memory, and prevent cognitive decline. Here are five tips to help you keep your mind sharp and healthy:
1. Exercise Your Brain:
Just like physical exercise, mental exercise is crucial to keeping your mind sharp. Try new activities that challenge your brain, such as crossword puzzles, Sudoku, or learning a new language. Reading, writing, and playing music are also great ways to keep your brain active.
2. Get Enough Sleep:
Sleep is essential for a healthy brain. Lack of sleep can lead to fatigue, decreased mental alertness, and impaired memory. Aim for at least seven to eight hours of sleep each night, and establish a regular sleep routine to help you get the most restful sleep possible.
3. Stay Socially Connected:
Social interaction is critical for mental health. Staying connected with family, friends, and community can help you maintain cognitive function and reduce the risk of depression and anxiety. Join a club or group that interests you, or volunteer in your community to stay socially engaged.
4. Eat a Healthy Diet:
What you eat can affect your brain health. Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Avoid processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive alcohol consumption, which can impair cognitive function.
5. Manage Stress:
Stress can take a toll on your mental health, affecting memory, concentration, and cognitive function. Practice stress-management techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises. Take breaks throughout the day to relax and recharge.
In conclusion, keeping your mind sharp is essential for maintaining cognitive function and overall mental health. By exercising your brain, getting enough sleep, staying socially connected and more., you can improve your mental well-being and stay sharp as you age. Remember, it’s never too late to start taking care of your brain health, so start implementing these tips today.


For product, equipment and process redesign
TRIZ stands for Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. It was developed by Genrich Altshuller of Russia and made popular in the West in the 80s. However, few engineers and managers today know how to apply the creative principles of TRIZ in a practical way for day-to-day problem solving. This course seeks to overcome the learners’ difficulty in applying the TRIZ approach.
1. Train the participants to use innovative ways to solve technical design and operational problems quickly.
2. Use TRIZ methodology to develop robust solution for many system conflicts of a technical system.
3. Provide a search methodology to identify system resource or physical causes of interacting elements of a system.
4. Know how to resolve system conflicts by intensification technique.
5. Know how to define many levels of a technical system for developing approaches to problem solving.
1. TRIZ System of Innovation and General System of Application
2. Basic structure of TRIZ Problem Solving
3. Altshuller’s Contradiction Matrix and application of the 40 Principles
4. Substance Field Modelling
5. Action Zone Modelling In Space, Time and Conditioning
6. System of Conflicts Modeling and Application
7. Physical Contradiction Modeling Methods and Applications
8. General Separation Principles and Their Application in Problem Solving
9. Substance Field Resource Search and X-Resource Search
10. Ideal Final Results for Evaluation of Solutions
Information on Enrollment
Interested parties can pre-register and a date will be fixed once a sufficient level of registration is obtained. There are no fee payment obligations for pre-registration. Fees will only be collected when the course is confirmed. Course fees have been specially lowered in support of the Skills Future Scheme.
This course has been conducted previously for many multinational clients such as Pepsi-Cola, Infineon, and Tesa, as well as institutional clients such as lecturers from Ngee Ann Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic.
Note: For Skills Future Credit Claim
Please call us at 67488894 or email: email@example.com to request for the Course Start Date.
Applicants are allowed to cancel their application anytime before the Course Start Date.
To proceed to make a claim, please click here.


Everyday exchanges such as the simple salutation “Goodbye!” can raise all manner of questions, both of language and of culture. The word “goodbye” derives from the English “God be with ye!” and testifies to the close link between language, culture, and religion. In the Department of Japanese Studies we consider such issues as we grapple with the origins of such greetings as “Sayonara,” the nature of religious consciousness among the Japanese people, the origins of Noh and Kabuki, and the breadth and depth of Japanese literature from the Tales of Genji to modern writers such as Kawabata. The aim is to further the understanding and appreciation of our own language and culture while drawing on our individual experiences as native Japanese people. Japan is no longer a mysterious island nation of the Orient. The incredibly speedy recovery from the aftermath of defeat in war that brought Japan to the forefront of the world economy drew attention from every part of the globe. We can no longer view our country in isolation; we must assume an objective position and gain a deeper understanding of our situation so we can present ourselves to the world in an informed manner. The focus within the Department is on the deepening of our understanding of Japan in terms of its language, culture, and literature. We study the characteristics of the Japanese language in a comparative light, consider the nature of Japanese language education for non-native speakers, and assess the historical changes in Japanese thought through analytical studies of literary works, art, and the performing arts, all of which gives the Department a unique blend of avenues of research on Japan.
Features of the Department
- A multi-disciplinary approach to the study of Japan is taken, with courses offered from fields as diverse as linguistics, Japanese language educational theory, cultural theory, and literary criticism.
- Students have flexibility in their course choices. They may choose either to specialize in one subject among Japanese culture, Japanese literature, Japanese linguistics, and Japanese language education or to take a more eclectic approach with courses chosen from a mixture of these fields.
- The cultivation of a greater power of expression and understanding of the Japanese language is achieved through training in practical skills by means of debate, text analysis, and the study of the relationship between human anatomy and language.
- By participating in Japanese language classes for overseas students, a practical view of the process of teaching and learning Japanese is gained.


The benefits of social life typically occur when one individual is the benefactor of an act of altruism. An altruistic act is one that increases the welfare of another individual at an actual or potential cost of the individual who performs the act.
An example of altruism comes from ground squirrels, who may warn other members of their group about a predatory hawk overhead. This brings the hawk’s attention to the individual giving the warning call. This risky behavior benefits other individuals in the squirrel’s group. Other examples of altruistic behavior include sharing nesting space and helping to raise offspring of an unrelated individual.
The benefit of an altruistic behavior is ultimately measured in its effect on an animal’s lifetime reproductive success. Evolutionary biologists and animal behaviorists have sought to identify the mechanisms that can explain what some have called the “problem of altruism.” Natural selection operates against individuals who reduce their own fitness. Altruism by definition decreases the fitness of the individual, so how can this behavior persist? The solution to the “problem” of altruism comes from decades of research into genetics and animal behavior, which has taught us that altruism is a powerful demonstration of natural selection at work.


Sanitary Drainage Systems - Volume Flow
Calculate expected volume flow load in sanitary drainage systems.
The theoretical total load for a sanitary drainage system can be calculated by adding loads for every fixture in the system. Due to intermittent use of the fixtures - this method in general adds up to unrealistic high values for the main drainage lines.
- realistic - or expected - total load is always lower than theoretical total load
Expected total load for sanitary drainage systems should instead be estimated by using empirical equations like
qet = k ( Σqn )1/2 (1)
qet = expected total drainage load (gpm, l/s)
k = system coefficient describing the nature of the system
Σqn = total theoretical load - all fixtures summarized (gpm, l/s)
Note that the minimum expected total load can never be less than the load from the largest fixture.
The system coefficient compensates for the nature of the system. For systems serving large groups of people where the use is intermittent, like
- wardrobes in factories
the coefficient - k - should be in the range 0.5 - 0.8. Closer to 0.8 for smaller systems with fewer fixtures and closer to 0.5 for larger systems with many fixtures.
For more ordinary systems where consumption patterns are more continuously, like
- nursing homes
the coefficient - k - should be in the range 0.3 - 0.6. Closer to 0.3 for larger systems with many fixtures and closer to 0.6 for smaller systems with few fixtures.
Example - Sanitary Drainage System Hospital
If the theoretical total load from fixtures in a smaller hospital adds up to 50 l/s - the expected total load can be estimated to
qet = 0.7 (50 l/s)1/2
= 4.9 l/s
Assuming this is a smaller hospital the coefficient is set to 0.7.


Anglo Saxon architecture refers to the style of construction that was used by the Anglo Saxons in Britain from their arrival in Britain during the 5th century until the Norman invasion of England in the 11th century.
During this period, Anglo Saxons constructed a large number of secular as well as ecclesiastical buildings. While the secular buildings constructed by the Anglo Saxons were rather simple, their style of architecture is well reflected in the ecclesiastical buildings built by them, few of which are extant to this day.
The secular buildings constructed by the Anglo Saxons had a relatively simple architecture. They usually comprised of timber posts used as boundary walls upon which was supported a large thatched roof. A distinct feature of secular Anglo Saxon buildings was the sizable town hall which was a regular part of most Anglo Saxon towns and a focal point of the community.
Ecclesiastical Anglo Saxon architecture has a more complex history. Anglo Saxons constructed a large number of ecclesiastical buildings and since some of these buildings are all that remain of the Anglo Saxon architecture, they tend to define the style of the Anglo Saxons.
Early Anglo-Saxon churches were built with influences from the local Roman and Celtic populations. Anglo-Saxon buildings of this period typically included a basilica. The use of a tower accompanying the building of a Church or parish is also one of the regular features of Anglo Saxon architecture.
From the 8th to 10th centuries, Anglo Saxon architecture blossomed with possible influences from the European mainland such as from the Carolingian Empire. This period is marked by the use of Romanesque elements in Anglo Saxon architecture. However, few buildings of the period are extant today during to the continuous Viking raids on English shores, many of which were aimed at churches in search of precious loot.


Author – Aline Lindemann, AZCentral
Water aerobics is a low- to no-impact form of exercise that yields several health benefits, but only when you do it correctly. It’s important to calculate and maintain the correct water workout heart rate to reap rewards. Knowing what heart rate to maintain can be elusive, though. Your target heart rate for on-land aerobics will be different than for water aerobics; the rules you use when exercising on land don’t apply in water.
Water Aerobics Benefits
Working out in the water produces cardiovascular benefits without strain on the joints. Water acts as resistance to strengthen and tone muscles, and the swimming pool is a welcome environment for doing stretches that might be difficult on land. Though water aerobics might seem easier than land exercises, you can still get a strenuous workout.
Maximum Heart Rate
You’ll need to know your maximum heart rate before you can calculate your target heart rate for water aerobics. The most basic way to calculate your maximum heart rate for land exercise is to subtract your age from 220. If you’re a 40-year-old woman, subtract 40 from 220 to find your maximum heart rate — which comes to 180 beats per minute.
Target Heart Rate
Your target heart rate — the pulse you should maintain during aerobic exercise — is between 60 and 80 percent of your maximum heart rate. Multiply .60 and .80 by your maximum heart rate to find the low and high ends of your target range. If your maximum heart rate is 180 beats per minute, your target heart rate range is between 108 and 144 beats per minute.
Water Aerobics Heart Rate
To find your target heart rate for water aerobics, decrease those numbers by 17 beats per minute. If you’re a 40-year-old woman, keep your heart rate between 91 and 127 beats per minute. If you’re embarking on a water aerobics class for the first time, keep your heart rate on the lower side of the target range. It’s important to pay attention to how you feel, while also keeping track of your heart rate, to know whether you’re exercising at an intensity level that’s right for you.


A French 'Editions D'Art de Rambouillet', 'LA PAYE DES MOISSONNEURS' (paying the harvesters). A vintage woven flax tapestry after the early 16th century Flemish original in the Gobelins Museum, Paris. This example is no. 12 out of a limited edition.
The tapestry is one of a series of twelve depicting the months of the year. The scene depicts farmers after the harvest, a woman in the foreground seated under a tree, paying the reapers after their work, within a border of fruiting vines containing portrait medallions.
Atelier de Rambouillet are world renowned for their reproduction of famous antique tapestries. The process for creating the tapestries is very complex and labour intensive with a certain amount of hand finishing, making each one essentially unique. The original design is initially reproduced full size onto cardboard. Separate films for each of the colours of the tapestry are then hand-drawn, the process taking six to nine months. When the drawn films are complete, they are arranged on a frame and coated with gelatin to proceed to the imprinting process which produces any number of screens required to print the various colours on the tapestry. The process is so meticulous it leaves a perfect reproduction of the original piece.
Bearing label to the reverse explaining the history of the tapestry with the signatures of A. Demay and C. Boitard who developed the process. Numbered 12 in red. These tapestries were originally produced in France but in recent years production has moved to Italy.
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Hampshire Cultural Trust is appalled and saddened by the situation in Ukraine. We stand in solidarity with all those affected by the war. As destinations for education and participation, it is important that our museums and arts centres are able to provide community focal points for those affected by this humanitarian crisis.
As a cultural organisation, we strongly believe that learning from the past is essential and that we have a role to play in educating and informing through our shared heritage.
At this time, we are sharing and reflecting on the history of refugees in Hampshire with a particular focus on the displacement of people across Europe during and after World War I.
Germany's invasion of Belgium in 1914 led to over 250,000 Belgian refugees arriving in the UK. This is still the single largest influx of refugees in British history. Here, we look at some of the ways the people of Hampshire helped refugees during the World War I.
In October 1914, the city of Winchester launched an appeal to receive weekly donations to house and clothe refugees and provide coal for heating. With an approach not too dissimilar with Ukrainian refugees today, many residents housed Belgian refugee families in their own homes. A Mr Apthorpe donated the use of 13 St James Terrace rent free for six months, which was then furnished through donations. Winchester College offered support by housing 17 refugees.
The people of Andover responded with similar generosity. The Andover Advertiser wrote that refugees who arrived by train were greeted with a meal and additional supplies. Local school children also played their part. Three girls from the town's Community School organised a benefit concert which took place on 28 October 1914. They managed to raise £2 15s for the refugee fund, equivalent to more than £300 today.
On the outbreak of war in August 1914, the people of Alton sent clothes in aid to the people of Belgium; by September, the town's people were housing refugees in need. A house in the High Street was prepared for the use of refugees and the Assembly Rooms were converted into a Red Cross Hospital for wounded Belgians.
Hampshire Cultural Trust stands #TogetherWithRefugees. To learn more, please visit the link below.


Today, after a divisive campaign (to say the least) is election day when Americans will elect their next president. The bi-partisan distrust of the two major political parties, namely, the Democrats and Republicans, the power brokers of this nation, raises the question: How long can such a divided and acrimonious United States of America last as one country? Indian history offers a not so optimistic answer.
To explain, I shall show two maps – a geographical map of British India at the time of partition (top, left) and the political (“Red and Blue States”) map of America (top, right). What is important is that you see the distribution of the two colors – yellow and green on the map to the left, and red and blue on the map to the right.
Serious religious differences resulted in the breakup of British India into two countries – predominantly Hindu India (shaded yellow) with predominantly Muslim Pakistan (shaded green) on either side of India (East and West Pakistan). East Pakistan became the new country of Bangladesh in 1971.
So, coming back to the political discord in America, blue states (mostly on the two coasts), have more than the necessary 270 electoral votes to elect a president – no red states (the middle part) needed. A rather discomforting thought!
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In chemical engineering, Process Design Engineering Course is the design of processes for desired physical and/or chemical transformation of materials. Process design is central to chemical engineering, and it can be considered to be the summit of that field, bringing together all of the field’s components. Process design is distinct from equipment design, which is closer in spirit to the design of unit operations.
Process design can be the design of new facilities or it can be the modification or expansion of existing facilities. The design starts at a conceptual level and ultimately ends in the form of fabrication and construction plants. Process design documents serve to define the design and ensure that the design components fit together.
Offered Courses in Process Design Engineering
|S.No.||Course Related to Process Detail Design||Downloads||Duration|
|1||Process Design Engineering (Full Time)||45 Days|
|2||Process Design Engineering (Only Sunday)||3 Months|
|3||Process Design Engineering (Fastrack Batch)||8 Days|
|4||Process Design Engineering (Correspondence)||1 Year|
What You Will Learn
- Overview of Industry and role of a Process Engineer in various fields.
- Basic design requirements based on the types of plants/projects.
- Overview of Basic Engineering Package.
- Introduction to PFD, P&ID, and PDS of equipment.
- Relevant Codes and Standards used in industry.
- Development of PFD: Process & Utility.
- Mass and Energy balance – Design Basis, Sample Calculations, and Utility Sizing. Interlocks, Control.
- Philosophy, Valves Selection, and sizing, Safety valves sizing.
- Development of P&ID: Process and Utility, Line Sizing & Pressure Drop Calculations.
- Pump Selection and sizing.
- Heat Exchanger Design (Thermal Design).
- Distillation Column Design.
- Available Software used in industry and their applications.
- Personality Development & Mock Interviews preparation.
- Job Oriented Training Program based on current Industry Demand.
- EPC Project Based Training.
- Providing all Training Material and technical Drawings, documents, and case study materials.
- Expert and Experienced Faculty from the Industry.
- Preparation for Interview and Mock Interview Sessions.


Having a strong WiFi password is crucial to secure your WiFi, as well as make it difficult for hackers to crack into and steal your bandwidth or other forms of data. As such, here are 5 simple tips to create a strong password:
- Have a mix of everything
Aim for a mix of letters, numbers, symbols, uppercase and lowercase within your password. This will certainly make it much harder for hackers to crack.
- Be creative
Using the term “password” for your password is not reverse psychology! On the contrary, it just makes you an easy target. Thus, this is the time to get creative and come up with unique combinations of your own that are strong and easily recallable.
- No reusing
Your password is not the environment. DO NOT reuse passwords that you have already used. For the sake of security, take the extra effort and make a new password for every new account.
- Do not use simple keyboard patterns
While WASD or QWERTY are really easy to remember, they are also really easy to guess and hack. Therefore, make sure that you use more complex terms when creating a password.
- No personal information
It is paramount that you avoid inputting your personal details like your NRIC, driving license number, bank account number or other important data when creating your password. In the event where a hacker manages to hack your password, you will end up exposing your personal details and having your password compromised at the same time.
Ultimately, regardless of whether you are creating a password for your WiFi, bank account or for other purposes, these 5 tips will surely come in handy whenever you are unsure if your password is strong enough.


What Does Canna Virus Mean?
Canna virus, or canna viruses, refers to various viruses that often afflict the cannabis plant. It is a simpler way to say 'cannabis virus' and does not stand for any one particular virus.
Once a marijuana plant contracts a virus, it will remain permanently infected. There is no cure. The viruses can also be transmitted via the plant’s pollen and seeds to other marijuana plants.
Viruses often reside in a grow room or greenhouse on equipment, soil, cultivation tools, and all other surfaces for decades if everything is not effectively sanitized using a virucide.
Maximum Yield Explains Canna Virus
Canna viruses are usually spread via insect infestations such as aphids, whiteflies, or thrips. Seeds, clones, and pollen are also virus vectors, so it is important to purchase such plant material only from reputable vendors.
The tobacco mosaic virus, which often afflicts marijuana plants, comes from tobacco and can be spread to grow room and greenhouse plants via cigarettes.
Stress and poor grow room or greenhouse hygiene can also let viruses take hold and decimate plants. One of the best ways to deal with canna viruses is to prevent them from taking a strong foothold in the grow room. This is done through adhering to best grow room practices, such as maintaining humidity levels, temperatures, and so on. However, viruses are much more difficult to prevent than pests or bacterial infections.
Cannabis plants afflicted with a virus may exhibit yellow leaves, streaking leaf discolorations, deformed leaves, weak growth, decreased production, weak stems, and dried leaves. Some plants may completely die but others may continue to live but fail to thrive.


What is Chiropractic?
Chiropractic is a non-invasive, hands-on therapy that focuses on the musculoskeletal system. This natural therapy is done through manipulations of the spine, joints and soft tissues. Adjustments to these various areas can help to relieve pain and restore normal function.
How does Chiropractic care work?
Misalignments, or subluxations, in your spine can directly affect your nervous system. A small misalignment can lead to change in the regular communication between nerves and various parts of your body, which can prevent these areas from functioning properly.
Joints, similar to your spine, can also develop misalignments. Many factors can contribute to improper alignment and joint function. Common factors include macro trauma such as a motor vehicle accident, fall, or sports injury and micro trauma such as a repetitive use injury.
Over time, misalignments may lead to pain, numbness, stiffness and other more serious issues. A chiropractor looks at the underlying causes of certain conditions and ailments instead of treating their symptoms. Through an investigation into a client’s history and a physical examination, a chiropractor can locate the potential cause of their specific condition.
Once a misalignment is located, a chiropractor can correct it through manual alignment, electrical stimulation, therapeutic laser, ultrasound, massage or a regimented exercise/rehabilitation plan. Adjustments from your chiropractor help restore proper function to the affected area and, over time, allow your body to heal and function optimally.


In recent human history, mankind has created and witnessed unprecedented changes in the balance between nature and technology. With the advent of the industrial revolution, technological progress has led to profound improvements in human health and quality of life. Important benefits such as improved sanitation and clean water have combined to reduce human mortality and extend the lifespan. As we recognize these benefits, we also know that technology works best when it serves human needs and worst when it imposes new risks on human development, creating a greater distance between nature and man. Paradoxically, as we become more reliant on technology, we risk losing sight of the proper balance between the benefits and risks of progress, especially in those technologies that intervene most directly in human health.
In order to restore that balance, we must pursue a future based on a more natural vision of human health, happiness and development, one that focuses on wellness rather than disease. The definition of wellness that guides the healing professions should not be the absence of symptoms in the presence of medical intervention, but rather the pursuit of health without the need for drugs. Realizing this future will require a more natural approach to wellness, especially early in life, but also throughout the lifespan. To restore the proper balance of nature and technology, The Canary Party seeks to restore balance to our civil society.
We hold these Principles to be self-evident:
- That awareness of the new man-made epidemics is the first requirement for ending them;
- That when complexity clouds our understanding of health crises, our moral imperative is to first do no harm;
- That the best measure of a safe environment is the total health and happiness of an individual human being;
- That the individual’s right to choose or refuse medical interventions affecting them or their children must be defended;
- That true empowerment requires that the individual is accorded and assumes responsibility for their own health, happiness and nutrition;
- That full access to the healing professions and to truthful information is essential to liberty;
- That when injuries occur as a consequence of institutional failure, the victims deserve justice;
- That the cause of justice is best served when our governing institutions are free from commercial interests;
- That a compassionate society has a duty to provide injured and otherwise disabled citizens with an opportunity for happiness and to treat them with dignity.


Do you think that child labor is wrong? Do you think that children should be in school as compared to a factory making clothes that people wear? If you answered yes, to both of these questions, you are not alone. There are many educational institutions nationwide within our country that has a PERFORMANCE FABRIC “Sweat free Policy” with their curriculum materials and modest clothing. These institutions adapted a “Code of Conduct for the Manufacturer of Apparel”. The apparel industry has been exposed to vigorous worker abuse. A man by the name of Andrew Ross reported previously in 1997 the following, “The textile and apparel industries are a showcase of horrors for the labor abuses sanctioned by the global free trade economy, where child labor, wage slavery, and employer cruelty are legion.” ~ NO SWEAT: Fashion, free trade, and the rights of garment workers, Andrew Ross, editor, 1997.
The following is some examples of garments made in sweatshops: Sports uniforms (This includes gym uniforms); school uniforms; shoes, athletic shoes or sneakers; sweatshirts, caps, and other imprinted clothing with school’s logos; academic regalia; lab coats and staff uniforms.
What is a sweatshop? A sweatshop is a workplace that suffers from systematic violations of one or more key workers’ rights have been violated according to international law and site-of-production laws and regulations.
The rights include:
Workers receiving a decent wage and benefits; Children not being subjected to working conditions that could hurt them physically, psychologically, or mental development; Freedom from unreasonable work hours and forced labor, freedom from physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and protection of workplace health and safety hazards.
A code of conduct is utilized to hold companies accountable. Most companies of today have adapted their own “Code of Conduct”; unfortunately, organization codes are often inadequate to protect workers.


Most days, motorists in Connecticut encounter pedestrians. This could occur on a city street, in a residential area, or in a parking lot. While it is commonplace to see people traveling by foot, motorists are not always prepared for a pedestrian to cross in front of their vehicle. Nonetheless, there is a certain expectation that a motorist drives safely enough and pays enough attention to avoid colliding with pedestrians who may be in their vicinity. This refers to the duty of care that a driver has while operating a motor vehicle.
When assessing the cause of and liability for a pedestrian accident, four elements are looked at. First, whether a motorist owed a legal duty to the pedestrian under the circumstances of the incident. Second, whether or not that duty was breached by either action or inaction. The third element is whether an accident actually occurred. Finally, whether any harm or injury was suffered by the pedestrian as a result of the accident.
What is a driver’s duty of care around pedestrians? Generally, it is expected that motorists must exercise reasonable care under the circumstances under which he or she is driving. Failure to uphold this duty creates negligence or recklessness. The most common causes of a breach of this duty include distracted driving, speeding, failing to yield the right of way to a pedestrian in a crosswalk, disobeying traffic sings or signals, disregarding weather and traffic conditions, and driving under the influence of alcohol.
It should be noted that pedestrians also have a duty of care to uphold while they are travel on or near roadways. Common factors that could contribute to a pedestrian accident include ignoring a “walk” signal at an intersection, entering traffic and disrupting its flow, failing to use marked crosswalks, and darting in front of a vehicle.
Following a pedestrian accident, cause and liability need to be assed. This means understanding what contributed to the accident and whether the parties involved were upholding their legal duties at the time of the crash. A pedestrian accident can result in serious and life-threatening injuries. Thus, it is important to understand who was at fault, as doing so could help with the pursuit of a personal injury claim and the recovery of compensation for medical bills, lost wages and other related damages.
Source: FindLaw, “Pedestrian Accidents Overview,” accessed July 9, 2017


Record numbers of children are migrating alone right now, according to a new report released by UNICEF today.
In fact, the number has increased nearly five-fold since 2010, with at least 300,000 unaccompanied and separated children counted in some 80 countries in the combined years of 2015 and 2016.
According to our research:
- 200,000 unaccompanied children applied for asylum across around 80 countries in 2015-16.
- 100,000 unaccompanied children were apprehended at the U.S./Mexico border in 2015-16.
- 170,000 unaccompanied children applied for asylum in Europe in 2015-16.
- Unaccompanied and separated children accounted for 92 per cent of all children arriving to Italy by sea in 2016 and in the first months of 2017.
- Children account for approximately 28 per cent of trafficking victims globally.
- Sub-Saharan Africa and Central America and the Caribbean have the highest share of children among detected trafficking victims at 64 and 62 per cent respectively.
- As much as 20 per cent of smugglers have links to human trafficking networks.
Ahead of the G7 Summit in Italy, and a European Council meeting in June, UNICEF is calling on governments to commit to the points in the manifesto below, produced in the name of protecting children who are refugees or migrants.
You can help by sharing the messages we post on social media, and by spreading the word about this action agenda.


For Christian believers this is the very instant of the Incarnation, when word is made flesh and Jesus is given earthly life and when God’s plan for salvation is set in motion. It is a moment of abiding mystery that
In fact, many who saw this painting would have witnessed the scene, as it was reenacted by choirboys in church each December. Van Eyck’s painting closely parallels a performance that was part of the Golden Mass. Such performances created a sense of “reality” in the same way that Van Eyck’s minute style did, to serve the needs of the devotio moderna. This widespread religious movement, which arose in the Low Countries at the end of the Middle Ages, promoted an empathetic piety that placed great value on a worshipper’s direct, personal identification with the lives and the joys and sufferings of holy figures.
For all its highly convincing evocation of the material world, however, virtually every element in Van Eyck’s painting carries complex levels of meaning. His elaborate symbolism, which would have been fully grasped only by a small, well-educated elite, centers on the implications of the Annunciation as the transition to the new era of Grace brought about by Christ’s human birth and sacrifice.
We do not know who commissioned this Annunciation or where it was originally installed. It must have been the left-hand section of a three-part altarpiece, whose other panels are now lost. Early accounts of the painting place it in Dijon, where Van Eyck served the dukes of Burgundy not only as a painter but also as a “varlet de chambre” (chamberlain) who undertook secret diplomatic mission for Philip the Good, including negotiations for his marriage.


Changes to the earth's climate have a direct effect on the global hydrological cycle and hence on water. Changes in climate are thought to be responsible for increasing the extremes of flood and drought, both of which, together with other circumstances such as increasing populations and environmental degradation, tend to effect the poor the greatest. One of the most notable causes of climate change is global warming due at least partially to the emission of 'greenhouse gasses'.
Increasing concern is being expressed by NGOs, academics, governments and UN agencies regarding climate change which has led to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. There remains no comprehensive agreement amongst nations on the implementation of the convention or the protocol, however.
The effects of climate change on water resources
To understand the effects of climate change on water resources, review the following documents:
Information Sheet # 13 - "The effects of climate change on water". This is part of the UNEP Information Kit on Climate Change (PDF)
A recent report entitled "The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the Water Resources of the United States" provides a useful insight into the essential issues raised by climate change as it effects water resources. These are summarised in the Executive Summary.
The 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change
United Nations Environment Program
Global Climate Change: Selective List of Online Resources
The most comprehensive listing of online resources on Climate Change and water
Compiled by Wil Burns, Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment and Security
Global Change: Electronic Edition. Extensive resources, news and debate.
The Climate Ark is a Climate Change Portal and Internet Search Tool that provides access to reviewed climate change and alternative energy news and information. Search the entire content of several hundred leading research and advocacy sites below, and browse the Huge Climate Change News Archive.
The IWMI World Water and Climate Atlas gives virtually instant summaries of climate data, by month, for any location on the globe. (International Water Management Institute)


Dipika R Kalambe, AH Deshpande, SB Waikar, A Shanware
Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Nari Road, Nagpur 440 026, India
Rajiv Gandhi Biotechnology Center, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Amravati Road, Nagpur 440 026, India.
Volume - 29,
Issue - 1,
Year - 2016
Flavonoid science is a research area rapidly gaining deeper inside on health benefit and chemical properties of flavonoids. Many have low toxicity in mammals and some of them are widely used as medicine as flavonoids exhibit several biological effects such as antincoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiulcer activity, etc. Three varieties of turmeric grown in the local Nagpur region were collected, authenticated and subsequently dried in shade. The material was defatted and the flavonoid rich fractions were isolated from each variety by the established method. The fractions were evaluated qualitatively with the help of chemical tests and thin layer chromatography. These fractions will be further evaluated for their antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. The flavonoid rich fractions will be formulated into topical dosage form followed by evaluation of these dosage forms.
Cite this article:


I read an interesting article the other day about a new type of laptop battery which should be able to go 30 years between re-charges!
are constructed from semiconductors and use radioisotopes as the energy source. As the radioactive material decays it emits beta particles that transform into electric power capable of fueling an electrical device like a laptop for years.
Of course, the useful lifetime of a laptop is only 3 years or so before it becomes obsolete so if these batteries do come to market, you would need to be able to remove them and add them to your newest laptop.
can be quite small and thin, a porous silicon material is used to collect the hydrogen isotope tritium which is generated in the process. The reaction is non-thermal which means laptops and other small devices like mobile phones will run much cooler than with traditional lithium-ion power batteries.
Fantastic, no more laptop burn then!
The best part about these cells are when they eventually run out of power they are totally inert and non-toxic
According to the article, the batteries are dur to be delivered to shops in the next 2-3 years. There is no mention of a price point though – never a good sign!
UPDATE – post edited to add title (d’oh!) – Thanks Simon
5 thoughts on “Battery that can go 30 years between re-charges?”
I’m looking forward to these coming on the market; my laptop’s battery is kaput so I have long-term solutions on the mind.
This is not much different than a normal Nuclear reactor (just safer), they are mostly just batteries, this does have the advantage of creating ‘hydrogen isotope tritium’ which will be useful latter when you put it into a Tokomac or laser Fusion reactor latter on.
I can see the headlines now:
“47 dead and 29 wounded after a recalled Dell battery exploded in a crowded shopping mall today. . .”
If they’ll create something like the pocket sized charger of IOGear with this type of battery, then we could actually use it for 30 years. Just plug in anything device that needs recharging: mobile phones, laptops, electric cars…. or will that be too much?
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- Shi’ao Wonderland
- Zheng He Culture Park
- Two Mausoleums of Southern Tang Dynasty
- Fortifications for Battle against Jin Wuzhu
- Li Ruiqing’s Tomb
- Cliffside Carvings
More Tourist Attraction
Zheng He Culture Park is the graveyard of Zheng He, a famous navigator in the Ming Dynasty. Zheng He, whose original name was Ma He and nickname Sanbao, was born in a Muslim family of Yunnan Province. In the 14th year of Hongwu Period, the 12-year-old Ma Sanbao was captured and taken to Nanjing by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang’s army from Yunnan. Following Zhu Di, he took part in Jingnan Campaign(the Ming Dynasty Civil War for Throne). Because of his outstanding military contribution, he was promoted as the eunuch of Inner Palace and conferred the surname of Zheng. From the 3rd year of Yongle Period to the 8th year of Xuande Period, Zheng He voyaged for 7 times, experiencing all kinds of hardships, promoting cultural communication, establishing diplomatic relations and strengthening the friendship with all the nations he arrived in. After his death, he was conferred to be buried here.
According to Annals of Shangyuan and Jiangning County edited during the period of Tongzhi, the eunuch Zheng He’s Tomb was located on Niushou Mountain, who voyaged to the Western Sea during the Yongle Period. He completed his voyage in the early years of Xuande Period, died in Guli of India and was conferred to be buried at the foot of the mountain. The local residents called it Ma Hui Hui Tomb. The original tomb is rectangular, 150m long, 60m wide and 8m high. After the renovation in 1985, the tomb followed the burial custom of Hui minority, and it was in the shape of horseshoe. The tomb stone is decorated with Nanjing cloud-pattern brocade, lotus and Arabic characters. The back wall of the tomb is inlaid with the stone stele, engraved with characters meaning “tomb of Zheng He”.


The types and distribution of vegetation across the landscape are fundamentally important to the natural diversity of ecosystems and species. The configuration and connectivity of landcover types helps to determine habitat availability, energy and water flow, and animal movements. Large changes in landscape structure can occur in response to natural and human-caused disturbances that can impact native vegetation and the processes and fauna that depend on it.
Landscape-scale vegetation changes can be detected by evaluating imagery that represents conditions across many years. New image analysis techniques, developed at Oregon State University, now make it possible to determine spatial extent, rate, direction, duration, and relative magnitude of vegetation change using a time series of annual, remotely sensed images from Landsat satellites. These new techniques were designed to minimize the potential for confusing long-term change with seasonal and annual phenological change, which are driven by short-term weather variations. Detectable changes include both rapid and gradual change due to fire and drought stress, as well as growth and recovery processes.
Being able to visualize and quantify these types of change across large landscapes offers land managers insight to processes that may be caused by climate change, plant disease, encroachment, or land management over long periods of time.
Landscape dynamics are monitored in all Northern Colorado Plateau Network parks.
Vital Signs: Remotely sensed land-cover change
Protocol Lead: David Thoma
Last updated: June 1, 2018


What are invasives?
Invasives are any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem; and whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. An invasive species does not have to come from another country- it can come from a region nearby, but because they compete with native species, they are considered invasive.
Why should we try to get rid of invasives?
But these invaders, large and small, have devastating effects on U.S. wildlife. Invasive species are one of the leading threats to native wildlife. Approximately 42% of Threatened or Endangered species are at risk primarily due to invasive species.
Human health and economies are also at risk from invasive species. The impacts of invasive species on our natural ecosystems and economy cost billions of dollars each year. Many of our commercial, agricultural, and recreational activities depend on healthy native ecosystems. (taken from the National Wildlife Federation)
Links to learn more about invasives and how to treat them:
Make an applicator stick to treat woody invasives. Click here for a printable brochure.
Publications on Invasives– Michigan Natural Features Inventory
USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information Service-Invasive Species
Invasive Plant Atlas of New England
Pennsylvania DCNR – Invasive Species Management and Control Information
University of Wisconsin-Integrated Crop and Pest Management Publications (scroll down to weed science)
National Invasive Species Information Center
Specific species to look out for:
Click Here for a list compiled by ODNR


has a rich railroad history. After the Transcontinental Railroad was
completed in 1869, California grew and prospered at a rapid rate.
Railroads of all types played significant roles in the state’s history,
and continue to make innovative progress today. We present three sites
which preserve and operate unique pieces of California rail history.
Roaring Camp & Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad - (Felton, CA) Big
Trees Ranch was founded in 1867, in order to preserve a large area of
redwood forest from logging. The railroad began operating in 1963, and
runs 3.25 miles on steep grades to the top of Bear Mountain. Passengers
ride through a canopy of giant redwoods pulled by Shay, Heisler and
Climax geared locomotives. We captured our footage during the annual
Civil War encampment. To handle the large crowds, the railroad operated
all trains in two sections during our visit, featuring Shay Dixiana and Heisler Tuolumne.
Billy Jones Railroad
- (Los Gatos, CA) Our program features #2, a Grand Scale locomotive
built in 1905 for the Venice Railway in Venice Beach, CA. In 1939,
railroad man Billy Jones discovered #2 in a scrap pile and bought it.
After restoring the 2-6-2, he built a railroad to run it on. Following
his death, the railroad was rebuilt on a nearby park land. The railroad
also has 3 diesels and steam locomotive #5, a 4-6-2 which had just
arrived on the property prior to our visit.Railtown 1897 State Historic Park
- (Jamestown, CA) Railtown 1897 operates over part of the Sierra
Railway at Jamestown, which is also the site of the historic Sierra
Railway Shops and Roundhouse. Our program features Sierra #3, built in
1891 by Rogers Locomotive Works and fully restored in 2010. This
locomotive and the Sierra Railway have starred in over 100 motion
pictures and television programs from the 1920s to the present.