How fast can you recognize a song? Researchers at McGill University in conjunction with the Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre in France have observed that people who played a song later recognize the tune more quickly than those who only listened to it. The findings support the importance of learning by doing and may help inform educational practices for creating strong memories.
The participants were 20 experienced pianists from Lyon, France. For the study, they learned simple melodies either by listening to a song several times or by playing it. Afterwards, the researchers tested their ability to remember the melody by exposing the pianists to a version of the tune that contained some wrong notes or other small differences. During this part of the study, the participants’ brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG).
The pianists who learned the melody through playing it were able to identify the pitch changes and wrong notes more quickly than their colleagues who learned by listening. The EEG data showed that the musicians who had played the melody exhibited increased motor activity and larger changes in brain waves about 200 milliseconds after hearing the wrong notes, indicating that the brain is able to rapidly compare auditory stimuli with kinesthetic memories. In other words, a memory of movement was recalled more quickly than a memory of sound alone.
“This paper helps us understand ‘experiential learning’ or ‘learning by doing’, and offers pedagogical and clinical implications. The role of the motor system in recognizing music, and perhaps also speech, could inform education theory by providing strategies for memory enhancement for students and teachers,” said Brian Mathias, Ph.D. student at McGill who conducted the study.
This research is published in the journal Cerebral Cortex.
Previous news in music:


Researchers from Slovenia and South Africa have discovered heterospecific mating in Nephila spiders, and have published their findings on 15th November 2016 in the journal Scientific Reports. Heterospecific mating means sexual encounters between males and females of different species. Such sexual interactions in arachnids are rare, and generally not expected in cannibalistic animals such as spiders.
Shakira Quiñones, a PhD student at the EZ Lab within Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), and coauthors investigated sexual interactions among four closely related and syntopical African golden orbweb spiders, Nephila inaurata, N. fenestrata, N. komaci, and N. senegalensis. Giant female Nephila spiders are known to cohabit with multiple tiny males, and females often attack and devour their suitors. However, during prior expeditions to South Africa, Matjaž Kuntner, the senior author on this paper, noted that the numerous males in a single female web are not always of the same species. Now, the research team detected random species association of males with females in nature and no preference for conspecific females in subsequent laboratory trials.
Heterospecific mating is not uncommon in animals but is not expected in sexually size dimorphic spiders, where cannibalism can function as a conspecific mate-check.
“Our results suggest that heterospecific interactions of Nephila males may involve several mistakes in locating, courting to, and mating with a “correct” female.”
said Shakira Quiñones, the first author on the study.
Quiñones and coauthors suggest that heterospecific interactions could play an important role in determining the community structure of Nephila, possibly through reproductive interference. These interactions may be particularly costly to the rarest species, Nephila komaci, that was only described in 2009.


Jonah wanted justice:
He sought fury from God’s fists.
The destruction of his foes
Was this prophet’s greatest wish.
His message was repentance,
Yet, his heart was set against
His enemies in that great town-
“Let them become past tense”
At the preaching of the prophet,
The people there all saw fit
To grieve, and mourn, and fast-
For God’s anger just might pass.
Though they deserved to die,
Mercy flowed down as they cried.
But Jonah was distraught
Because justice is what he sought.
So, the prophet grew depressed
And to the Lord confessed
That this is why he fled:
This result is what he’d guessed.
Then on a hill outside the town
He sat his sad self down
And glared at God and waited there
With his face in a frown.
The sun beat down on Jonah’s head
Until he wished that he was dead.
The tables had been turned,
But his lesson wasn’t learned.
Up grew a plant with a big leaf
To give poor Jonah some relief,
But then the shrubbery died.
And this time Jonah cried.
So God took the sad man aside
And explained his mercy, wide:
“You cared so much about a plant you didn’t even grow,
Is it then wrong for me to care about these precious souls?”
-Wills Osborn (8/6/20)
This poem is based on the book of Jonah, found in the Bible.
Love it, Wills….this is GOD’S true heart.


Module 3 –
‘Cooperation skills – cooperation is everything’:
Cooperation brings people closer together, helps people to learn from each other and opens up new channels for communication. Cooperation also helps us to solve problems. It is one of the most important skills the child can master. We are confident that these learnings from Finland, the happiest country in the world with the best school in the world, will be extremely useful.
Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.
- Strengths – How to recognize and foster child’s strengths
- Teamwork 1 – How to teach a child the essential teamwork skills
- Teamwork 2 – How to cooperate successfully in a group
- Different temperaments – how to support your child’s temperament and guide him to good interaction
- Active participant – How to learn to be an active participant in a group
- Shyness – How to encourage a shy child to manage interactive situations better
For this course we have selected the best practices from Finland, both for parents as well as for professionals.
In this course, together with us, you and your child will learn the most critical skills needed in this turbulent world.
- With our help, you will raise your child to grow emotionally strong.
- He will become a socially intelligent person, with exceptional communications skills.
- Not to mention creative thinking, which is in huge demand in the future world.
These skills never grow old. They are the best gifts you can ever give to your child.


Email is a place of business. It is important in our world’s communication.It has many perks, multiple people can communicate together. Files and images can be shared. You do not have to be present to receive and email. And everyone has it.
On the negative side of email comes, spam and viruses. Which are extremely disruptive in our professional place of communication. Along with the chance of our personal information being stolen.
If email had sender authentication these problems would be no more.
Why doesn’t email have sender authentication?
Email was created in the 60s. At this time, those with email were in the government, universities and research labs. There was no need to be cautious when it came to email security. Sender authentication was not a need then because they were not being threatened by a web full of destructive individuals. And because there was a general sense of trust among those with access to emailing.
The form of communication was invented without creating the solutions to problems that were not yet known. Which I believe was the right thing to do. We shouldn’t be stopped from advancing in this world because of the unknown risks. Those risks can be taken care of once we know what they are.
Email wasn’t created with sender authentication in the 60s for understandable reasons. We are now well aware of the security issues that invade the email system today. From stealing passwords, unwanted emails and financial threats. My question is, why have we not yet fixed the problem?
Sender authentication would be a game changer for anyone with an email account as we would finally have the security to withstand attacks.


Mission 66’s work, controversial or not, a number of Botswana its accomplishments, along with many others within the park and throughout northern Montana, would fall victim to one of the mid-1960s’ three calamities: flood, fire, and gruesome fright. All weather conditions Botswana of early June 1964 were poised to come together in a perfect storm sequence.
Already, heavy snowpacks registering 75 percent above normal on May 1 lay unmelted in cooler-than-normal weather. An additional 13 inches blanketed Botswana and the western half of the state. Temperatures remained cold. Your travel destination is shortly before Memorial Day, it climbed above 70°F. Then the rains came. Not a gentle spring rain, Botswana but torrential storms producing 10 to 15 inches of precipitation that fell in little more than a day’s time. Apparently, three storms collided at the wrong time and place.
Where is Botswana? – Botswana Map – Map of Botswana Photo Gallery
The rains were not only torrential—they were warm. The snowpack began to thaw, and the resulting torrents of water thundered down mountainsides, scouring all before them. Boulders broke away, dams burst, bridges collapsed, valleys flooded, and trails, roads, and railroad tracks buckled, then were swept away. Lakes rose, campgrounds disappeared, and hotels took on water up to several floors in some cases. Twenty-eight people died; thousands of homes were gone. The damage was estimated at $63 million. President Lyndon B. Johnson declared nine counties disaster areas.
Not only were some Mission 66 projects damaged or destroyed, several projects, such as the extension of the Camas Road to Canada and the visitor center at Apgar, were shelved. All park resources and manpower were dedicated to flood repairs. It was a massive undertaking. Gone were essential bridges and roads into and within the park. Both bridges at West Glacier were fractured and twisted, making them impassible. Highway 2 and the Great Northern Railway tracks running alongside were eaten away, closing automobile and train traffic.


While the first anti-fascists emerged with the rise of dictator Mussolini in Italy, the resurgence of neo-fascism in Britain in the 1960s led to the creation of the 62 Group, a non-fascist coalition, in 1962. Started in response to this rise in neofascism, they appointed Gerry Gable to work with their intelligence operation. This led to the formation of the anti-fascist magazine Searchlight, alongside Searchlight Associates, an information service aimed at exposing racist and fascist groups. Searchlight Associates collected material from a wide range of radical right groups, primarily in Britain but also Italy and internationally. They especially focused on the British National Party, Combat 18, the English Defence League, as well as activist groups with opposing ideology. The results of these investigations formed the Searchlight Archive, which is a major body of material documenting the activities of British and international fascist and racist organizations. It is also a unique archive and is one of the most extensive and significant resources of its type in Europe. The archive features an array of material and documents related to the history of the extreme right.
This collection contains leaflets, stickers, posters, electoral ephemera and other political propaganda from politically right leaning groups, such as the British Movement, British National Party, Combat 18, England First, International Third Positionists, National Front, National Socialist Movement, and the National Socialist Party of Australia. These materials offer unique insight into the beliefs, actions, and campaigning strategies of several racist and fascist movements, and others supporting right-wing extremism, in addition to mapping the evolution of extreme right movements throughout the twentieth and twenty-first century.
This collection is highly important, not only for those interested in the history of far-right movements in Britain and abroad, but any researcher attempting to understand global politics in the twentieth century.
Request trial access to Political Extremism & Radicalism in the Twentieth Century >>


Introduction to Brightfield and Fluorescence Microscopies
July 10 - July 14
Instructor: Dr. Bob Youker (Western Carolina University)
In this lecture/lab course, students will learn how to prepare their field samples for brightfield and fluorescence microscopic examination. Students will also learn how microscopes generate images, the experimental conditions needed for optimal imaging of their specimens, and learn basic image processing techniques for analysis. The course will be a combination of lecture and hands on specimen preparation and imaging (lab). Students can either provide specimens from their field research, or work with the instructor to collect rotifers and other aquatic micro-invertebrates from the field to use in the lab portion.
Lab time will be centered on learning the parts and functions of modern brightfield and fluorescence (widefield & confocal) microscopes, preparing specimens (e.g., staining with fluorescent dyes), and acquiring images of their specimens for analysis. Students will learn to acquire images using a widefield fluorescence microscope and take a “field trip” to WCU to use the state-of-the-art Leica Stellaris 5 confocal microscope. We will also discuss some other modern approaches to fluorescence microscopy, such as electron and super-resolution microscopies.
Each student will prepare a final report that compares brightfield to fluorescence images taken of their samples. The student will explain in detail the features observed using both methodologies and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The student will also give a short oral presentation on one microscopic technique not covered in the course and this topic will be selected from a list provided by the instructor.
Pre-requisites: Introductory biology sequence
For more information, visit https://highlandsbiological.org/summer-2023-academic-courses/.


What is a Huchen?
The huchen, also known as the Danube salmon or the Hucho hucho, is a freshwater fish that originated in the Danube River in Europe. As fishing for this species became more popular, it was distributed to other parts of Europe and can now be found all over the continent. Huchen are freshwater fish that travel from lakes and slow-moving rivers to stake out their territories for most of their lives. This species of salmon is actually the largest breed of freshwater salmon in the world, and for many years, it was exploited as a food source in Europe. Huchen is also considered a great sport fish, simply because of its massive size and volatile temperament—this has contributed to the dwindling huchen population, and the fish is now considered an endangered species.
This fish has a slim body which is nearly round in the middle. The huchen back tends to be red-brown with almost a gradient effect, with several dark patches which are oddly shaped either like an X or a crescent. These characteristics are not very reminiscent of the North American salmon variety.
During the mating season, the female may lay her eggs in more shallow and still waters. Smaller fish will stay in these waters and feed on other fish eggs, larvae, or insects. As the fish grows, it may move to deeper waters and begin feeding on other fish or even small animals such as mice in the water.
The huchen species is very territorial, and instead of leaving the eggs after mating, a female will guard her nest vigorously. After the incubation period of 16 to 24 days, the eggs will hatch, and then the female may leave her nest. Other than during mating season, the huchen is not considered a social fish.
Conservation efforts are under way to breed huchen in controlled environments, hatch the eggs, and then return the young fish to their natural habitat once they are large enough. The conditions needed to incubate and hatch the eggs, however, prove to be complex, and it is difficult to get it right in a controlled environment. This, along with the inability to keep many huchen in a confined area for very long, is making conservation efforts very difficult. Re-establishing the population of this fish is considered important to the ecosystem and population of Europe, and efforts to save the huchen will most likely not stop.
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Triglycerides the values in the norm
Triglycerides, the values in the norm
The triglycerides They are fat present in the blood that are accumulated with energy reserve function inside the adipocytes, the cells that make up the adipose tissue.
They are structurally made up of 3 fatty acid molecules and one of glycerol and since fatty acids derive from the digestion of food fat foods and glycerol from the metabolism of sugars, it follows that the level of triglycerides is conditioned by the type of power supply.
In fact, the body converts the fats and sugars taken with the diet in triglycerides, fundamental for our body because they are one of its sources of main energies (through fatty acids, in fact, kilocalories are produced, useful for providing energy to the body).
The problem arises when excessive quantities of foods are ingested that contain fats and sugars since the level of triglycerides rises and this becomes a risk to health since it can involve cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, heart attack and stroke.
To know the level of circulating triglycerides (triglyceridemia) it is sufficient to undergo a blood test.
The values of a healthy person in good health are between 50 and 150 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter) while the optimal value is considered below 100 mg/dl.
- Normal value, triglycerides lower than 150 mg/dl
- value to the limit, triglycerides between 150 and 200 mg/dl
- High values, triglycerides between 200 and 400 mg/dl
- very high values, triglycerides over 400 mg/dl
In the last case we speak of hypertriglyceridemia associated with high total cholesterol values (HDL and LDL), whose main causes are:
- incorrect eating habits (consumption of foods too rich in fat)
- incorrect life habits (sedentary lifestyle)
- abuse of drugs
For this, the first way to bring the levels to a normal level is to change the eating habits and life (if it is not enough, we will move on to drug therapy).


Join the University Libraries and celebrate GIS Day with a virtual mini-conference on November 13!
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a scientific framework for gathering, analyzing and visualizing geographic data. Geospatial technology is crucial to making decisions about our infrastructure, natural resources and economic growth. It has also become an important collaborative tool for researchers to share data and work on projects that can reveal larger trends pertaining to all subject matter.
“GIS Day is a celebration of GIS,” Earth, Environment and Geospatial Librarian Phil White explains. “It’s a time when people across campus can come together and discuss how they are using GIS, the projects they’re working on and listen to some interesting talks.”
GIS Day at CU Boulder is usually presented as an in-person colloquium, in collaboration with the Geography department. But this year’s events will be hosted virtually over Zoom. The online format gives the university the opportunity to join forces with colleagues at Auraria Library and CU Denver.
White; Sarah Kelly, instructor of geography; Diane Fritz, Auraria Library; Alicia Cowart, CU Denver Geospatial Analysis and Mapping Laboratory; and Jenn Ambrose, CU Denver FAST Lab are all co-coordinating the event.
The keynote address begins at 10 a.m. and will be presented by Amy Newbury of Maxar Technologies. Her talk is titled, “Using Satellite Imagery to Unlock Infinite Possibilities For a Better World."
Immediately following the keynote is a Tech Showcase led by Alberto Nieto of ESRI.
After a short break, professionals from the Nature Conservancy, Mapbox and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as well as faculty and students from CU Boulder and CU Colorado Springs will present lightning talks.
Before wrapping up, participants will have the opportunity to hear career advice from GIS professionals working in government, private companies and non-profit organizations.
Registration is now open! View the full schedule.


In some months it is difficult to obtain certain herbs. This has everything to do with the natural growth process of herbs. Let us explain. For herbs, it is spring from mid-April to late June. The best time for perennial crops like thyme, rosemary, marjoram, oregano and sage to reproduce by producing flowers. During this process, all energy goes to the flower and the energy supply of the plant is negligible. Result: quality and shelf life sometimes is below acceptable level, causing lower supply you are used to.
Which techniques are used?
However, our supplier makes every effort to maintain the availability, quality and shelf life of thyme, rosemary, marjoram, oregano and sage during this period of the year. How? There are various techniques for this, for example a technical cut;
- If the plant threatens to bloom, it will be harvested immediately.
- Let the plant bloom slightly and then cut it off completely.
With this technique, the plant thinks that reproduction is over and all energy can go back to the plant.
No absolutely not. A lot of attention is paid to the growth process and there is a lot to steer through food, water and sunlight. For example, when there are very hot or very cold periods, the growth process is disrupted and the herb plant will produce a flower, a natural reaction to reproduce itself. This process is closely monitored and adjusted where necessary. When the living conditions of the plant are kept in the same conditions all year round, this gives the best result for the quality and taste of the herbs. Which is precisely why the cultivation of herbs takes place around the equator. In addition to these "controllable" factors, varieties are also selected with the right properties in terms of taste, shelf life and therefore flowering.


Love is an important theme in most of Shakespeare’s play, including in Romeo and Juliet because love is a stronger force than all the animosity and forces of fate in Romeo and Juliet. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare’s play, Shakespeare explores Romeo’s change in attitude to love between Rosaline and Juliet. In Act 1 Scene 1 Shakespeare introduces us to Romeo’s passionate desire towards Rosaline through the use of oxymoron, monologues and vivid imagery. In contrast, in Act 2 Scene 2, when Romeo is addressing Juliet, his language shifts through the use of light, religious and mythical imagery to reflect his newly found romantic love to Juliet.
In Act 1 scene 1, Shakespeare explores the attitude of an infatuated and unsettling love of Romeo to Rosaline. Romeo talks about his new found feeling love. “Ay me, sad hours seem long. Was that my father that went hence so fast?” This quotation shows that Romeo’s mood is sad, depressed, lifeless which makes time seems so long to him. Romeo is having a new experience to love and he’s having hormonal waving attention because even his father’s big car passed by, he didn’t even noticed it on the moment, he noticed after his father had passed him. Romeo is blindly in love and is confused at the same time.” Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs. Being purged, fire sparkling in lover’s eyes”. This is a metaphor, a comparison where something is shown to be something else. This example shows that as Romeo is in love with Rosaline, he feels that love makes him blind and it’s torturing. In this example, love is compared as a smoke and Romeo is saying that love is like when smoke goes into your eyes, you would feel just like love, making you blind. The sighs that is in this quotation is the comparison with disappointment about love that is really a lot and is floating everywhere like smoke that floats everywhere in the air. Romeo feels that he’s


By going through these CBSE Class 11 Maths Notes Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical Induction Class 11 Notes, students can recall all the concepts quickly.
Principle of Mathematical Induction Notes Class 11 Maths Chapter 4
Mathematical induction is a technique for proving general results or theorem involving positive integers.
The word induction means the method of inferring a general statement from the validity of particular cases.
Statement : A sentence which can be judged to be true or false is called a statement.
A statement holding for n ∈ N is generally denoted by P(n).
Principle of mathematical induction : Let P(n) be a statement involving the natural number n. Then,
(i) P( 1) is true and
(ii) P(k + 1) is true whenever P(k) is true, then P(n) is true for all natural numbers n.
For proving that statement P(n) holds for all n ∈ N :
Following steps are applied :
Step 1 : Verification that P(n.) holds for n = 1, i.e., P( 1) is true.
Step 2 : Suppose that P(re) holds for every k ∈ N.
Step 3 : Prove that P(n) holds for n = k + 1 also.


Bubblemaker is as fun as it sounds – a chance for kids to blow bubbles by scuba diving. Learn about scuba while having fun in this introductory experience aimed at kids too young or not yet ready for the open water certification. ‘Discover Scuba’ for kids younger than 12 Children who are at least 8 years old can use scuba gear to breathe underwater and swim around in shallow water.
A child must be 8 years old or older. Kids must be comfortable in the water, but no prior experience is necessary. Parental approval is required. Maximum depth - 6ft.
Included in bubblemaker: direct supervision of PADI Instructor, use of specialized scuba gear for kids, single experience blowing bubbles and swimming underwater on scuba.
Discover Scuba Diving NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED!
Always wanted to try scuba? Now’s your chance! This introduction to diving consists of a small amount of theory, a confined water session and a shallow reef dive. Your first breaths underwater will be followed by some shallow water skill practice and then an open water dive lead by one of our experienced instructors. You must be in good health and at least 10 years old to participate. This experience is about 2 hours in length.
THIS IS NOT A CERTIFICATION COURSE (but can be applied to one - sign up for an open water course within 6 months of your Discover Scuba Dive and receive credit towards your certification).
Scuba DIVER certification course
This 2 day introductory certification course will allow you to dive to 12 meters (40 feet) with a Padi professional. You can continue on to finish the Open Water Course at any time.
open water certification course POPULAR!
Start a life-long love of diving with the PADI Open Water Scuba Diver Course - the world’s most popular and widely recognized scuba course! There are 3 main parts of the course, the knowledge development, the shallow or confined water work, and the open water dives. Most of our divers take care of the knowledge development from home using PADI’s e-learning or Touch, then schedule 4 days of confined water & open water dives.
You need to be in good health and 10 years of age or older (depth is limited to 12 meters for everyone till the age of 12).


The Interactive Resource Center (IRC) has created a strong network of grassroots theater groups as an alternate system of community participation and social dialogue. The essence of IRCs work is to use interactive theater to trigger community dialogue through direct community participation on human rights issues.
IRC has been employing community participation techniques, particularly interactive theatre, to build social awareness and communal participation in issues since 2000. IRC’s proof of capacity to move others to take action is demonstrated by the fact that it has performed in more than 87 districts of Pakistan and, in the process, trained approximately 60 gender balanced interactive theatre groups and 600 activists at the grassroots.
IRC’s use of interactive theater has resulted in a substantive decrease in human rights violations in a number of districts. Among other successful cases, IRC’s taking up of the bonded labor issue in the interior Sindh province led to the creation of a special committee to address the issue.
IRCs experience with the grassroots has shown that communities are largely denied the privilege of interacting and communicating. Through interactive theatre, particularly the downtrodden and oppressed gain access to a medium through which they can air their views and communicate with the levels of society that have burdened them. Such a dialogue provides the means for oppressed communities to direct their communications to not only the oppressor but also the wider community. As a result, ways for mutual reconciliation and communal uplift have surfaced.
IRC trains gender balanced groups. More often than not, core members of the group have suffered from the human rights violations being depicted in the interactive theatre scenarios and tell their true stories before their own communities. Once the story of oppression is performed on stage, members from the audience are asked if they agree with the way things have been done. Since the stories involve human rights violations, people do not always agree. Audience members are asked to come on stage and prove their case. In this way community participation is encouraged to help find solutions to problems afflicting their own communities. Success from this interactive theatre process has won IRC acclaim both at home and abroad.
IRC’s initiative and experience provides a valuable tactic for others to glean lessons and ideas. IRC has already started making a difference in marginalized communities where problems have been prevalent for more than fifty years.
New Tactics in Human Rights does not advocate for or endorse specific tactics, policies or issues.


Drawing God Day
Students are Invited to Participate in Drawing God Day
St. Gabriel will participate in World Drawing Day coming up November 3. Mrs. McEnery is reading the book Drawing God by Karen Kiefer to all of the classes, K-8 this week. It is a story about Emma who draws God and inspires her friends to, eventually, do the same.
Students are invited to share the book with their parents and how they encounter God in their lives. Students can draw, paint, take a photograph, or create some sort of product to share their idea about God.
From the website, Drawing God, "it all started when...Emma returns from a field trip to the art museum and is inspired to draw like Picasso. Emma wanted to draw something beyond spectacular and decided to draw God. Find out what happens when her classmates can't see God in any of her drawings until they find inspiration in her contagious faith."
Click here to watch a short video
Learn about the background with the author by clicking here
Students should bring in their artwork on Wednesday, November 3. Please insure the child's name is on it as well as the teacher's name. If any student needs paper, they are welcome to pick up a piece of paper in the office.


Holocaust education features significantly in the history curriculum at PGHS. Students in Year 9 are currently studying in depth at how and why the holocaust happened, and as part of their unit on Germany 1919-1991, Year 11 students study the topic as part of their GCSE studies. Each year, the Holocaust Educational Trust host a live webcast with a survivor on the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz.
This year, Eva Clarke gave a fascinating and articulate testimony of her experiences of the holocaust and how her family had been brutally persecuted by the Nazi regime. Eva was born at Mauthausen concentration camp at the end of the war and only survived due to the liberation of the camp by the US army in April 1945. If you would like to hear Eva Clarke speak about her experiences during the Holocaust, follow the link to her full Oxford Union address in 2019: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3HmeidS8Z4
Assemblies this week have been on the theme of Holocaust education and remembrance, with students learning the story of the evacuation of 300 Jewish children from Eastern Europe to Windermere in 1945. The children were survivors of many camps and had been tragically orphaned during the war. They were flown to Britain to start a new life after the war, and spent their first few months in the Lake District. If you would like to know more about this miraculous story, you can watch a fascinating BBC documentary here: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000dt7g
Alternatively, there was a dramatisation of the experiences of the Windermere children released in 2020: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10370380/.
Mr Herbert, Curriculum Leader for History


IB’s mission and philosophy
At the centre of an International Baccalaureate (IB) education are students aged 3 to 19 with unique learning styles, strengths and challenges. The IB focuses on each student as a whole person. Thus, IB programmes address not only cognitive development but social, emotional and physical well-being. The aim is to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people with adaptable skills to tackle society’s complex challenges and who will help to make it a better, more peaceful world.
Validating the efficacy of the IB’s four programmes are research and more than 45 years of practical experience. IB programmes emphasize learning how to learn and teaching students to value learning as an essential, integral part of their everyday lives. The IB promotes the development of schools that:
• inspire students to ask questions, pursue personal aspirations, set challenging goals and develop the persistence to achieve those goals
• develop knowledgeable students who make reasoned ethical judgments and acquire the flexibility, perseverance and confidence they need in order to bring about meaningful change
• encourage healthy relationships, individual and shared responsibility and effective teamwork.
- Parent Pack, IBO, 2015
Click here to watch a video from IBO about the Primary Years Program.
Click here to watch a video from IBO about The Value of an IB education with Stanford University's Debra Von Bargen


Wednesday, 8 November 2006
Pre-Convene Space (Adam's Mark Hotel)
On 5 May 2001, a tornadic supercell near Cordell Oklahoma was scanned by a mobile, W-band (3 mm wavelength) Doppler radar. Tornadogenesis occurred within 2 km of the radar, allowing for the collection of a unique, close range, high-resolution dataset of the tornadogenesis process. The high quality of the reflectivity field allowed for some small-scale structures to be observed during the evolution from hook echo to tornado on 10 s time scales, at low elevation angle. Initially, small-scale spin-ups on the order of 200 m were apparent as the hook began to coil up. These small spiral features disappeared in the next scan as the hook continued to coil eventually producing a tornado roughly two minutes after the initial evidence of rotation in the reflectivity field. The tornado produced had a pronounced weak echo feature, otherwise known as a doughnut hole within 45 s after tornadogenesis occurred. This feature had an initial diameter of approximately 500 m with an annulus of higher reflectivity spanning about 1.2 km in diameter. Within the annulus, small scale banded features are noted, as well as misovorticies on the southern-most edge (the side closest to the radar) of the higher reflectivity. The far edge of the tornado undergoes some attenuation and therefore there is a period of time where the doughnut hole feature is less pronounced, however it reappears within two minutes. Banded structures are noted periodically throughout the collection time, but are most prominent just prior to tornadogenesis and about five minutes later, and they typically exist within one to two scans rather than being continuous correlating with a time frame of 45 s to a minute and a half.
Unfortunately, accurate radial velocity measurements were not collected, owing to a faulty cable. A re-creation of the horizontal wind field was accomplished from the W-band radar data using TREC (Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation), which makes use of tracking reflectivity features from one scan to the next and determining velocities from this information. This method was attempted, but failed, primarily owing to the limited azimuthal extent of the data collected over the necessary time period.
- Indicates paper has been withdrawn from meeting
- Indicates an Award Winner


March 7, 1927
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a Texas law banning negroes from voting was unconstitutional.
March 7, 1965
In Selma, Alabama, about 600 non-violent civil rights marchers were brutally attacked by state and local police using billy clubs, cattle prods and tear gas. The day came to be known as “Bloody Sunday.”
March 7, 1975
David Bowie’s ninth studio album,Young Americans, saw it’s UK release. The album featured the hit song “Fame,” that would become Bowie’s first number one single in America.
March 7, 1976
In London, Elton John became the first rock star since the Beatles to be immortalized with a lookalike figure at Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum.
The Beastie Boys became the first rap act to have a number one album when their debut effort, Licensed to Ill, topped the charts.
Madonna had her eighth #1 song in the U.K. with “Frozen”.
Broadway musicians went on strike during a contract dispute, closing all but one musical, “Cabaret.” Four days later, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg facilitated a settlement.
https://americansongwriter.com/aaron-lee-tasjan-and-fancy-hagood-discuss-queer-representation-in-music/Aaron Lee Tasjan and Fancy Hagood Discuss Queer Representation in Music « American Songwriter“Queer existence is here,” says Fancy Hagood (a.k.a. Who is Fancy) of Brothers Osborne’s T.J. Osborne’s recent coming out and the boundaries that areamericansongwriter.com
https://www.wpr.org/how-pop-musicians-transcend-strict-gender-rolesHow Pop Musicians Transcend Strict Gender Roles | Wisconsin Public RadioSasha Geffen talks about their book, “Glitter Up the Dark: How Pop Music Broke the Binary,” in which they explore how popular music’s quality of subliminal expression allows rigid gender constructs to disappear.www.wpr.org


One of the best things about the blockchain is that, because it is a decentralized system that exists between all permitted parties, there’s no need to pay intermediaries (Middlemen) and it saves you time and conflict. Blockchains have their problems, but they are rated, undeniably, faster, cheaper, and more secure than traditional systems, which is why banks and governments are turning to them.
In 1994, Nick Szabo, a legal scholar, and cryptographer, realized that the decentralized ledger could be used for smart contracts, otherwise called self-executing contracts, blockchain contracts, or digital contracts. In this format, contracts could be converted to computer code, stored and replicated on the system and supervised by the network of computers that run the blockchain. This would also result in ledger feedback such as transferring money and receiving service.
Smart contracts help you exchange money, property, shares, or anything of value in a transparent, conflict-free way while avoiding the services of a middleman.
The best way to describe smart contracts is to compare the technology to a vending machine. Ordinarily, you would go to a lawyer or a notary, pay them, and wait while you get the document. With smart contracts, you simply drop a bitcoin into the vending machine (i.e. ledger), and your escrow, driver’s license, or whatever drops into your account.
More so, smart contracts not only define the rules and penalties around an agreement in the same way that a traditional contract does, but also automatically enforce those obligations.
Insiders vouch that it is extremely hard for our voting system to be rigged, but nonetheless, smart contracts would allay all concerns by providing an infinitely more secure system. Ledger-protected votes would need to be decoded and require excessive computing power to access. No one has that much computing power, so it would need God to hack the system! Secondly, smart contracts could hike low voter turnout.
Create a digital currency wallet for free, where you can securely store all your digital currency.
Bitcoin is received, stored, and sent using Bitcoin Wallet’. Download official Bitcoin Wallet for free.
Buy some Bitcoin, Ethereum, or any other Digital Currency to begin using the future of money.


Legacy media dedicated to the public makes a difference with a new approach.
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting recently highlighted the efforts of public media’s WKAR in addressing the concerns of residents in Flint, Mich., the center of a controversy over water, race and corruption.
With an app, the station provide relevant information about water and its community. CPB explains:
The app, developed by the MSU Games for Entertainment and Learning (GEL) Lab, pulls together a wide range of information, such as where to get bottled water, where to get lead-fighting food and how to look for lead poisoning symptoms in pets. Maps, news alerts and volunteer and community activities are also included.
“It was a concern that people might not have access to a smartphone, but what we learned through research is that the residents do have smartphones — and, for some, that smartphone may be their only link to news and information,” Elkins said.
The water resources and maps were immediately popular, not only with residents but with community volunteers helping in unfamiliar neighborhoods, Elkins said. Residents said the tips from the MSU veterinary school, such as keeping the toilet seat down to keep pets from drinking unfiltered water, got them thinking about issues that weren’t even on their radar. And, when the Department of Health and Human Services made additional Medicaid healthcare coverage available to many Flint residents, the mobile app made it easy for residents to find out if they were eligible and how to apply.
You can read the full story here.


With the recent cold spell in mind, let us first look at winter pastimes in medieval Leicester. These are perhaps best illustrated by the discovery of a late 13th century bone ice-skate in the town’s north-eastern quarter, near the site of St Michael’s church (today located beneath the John Lewis multi-story car park on Vaughan Way).
The skate is 24.6cm long and is carved from the metapodial bone of a horse or cow. It would have been fixed to the bottom of a shoe by leather thongs threaded through holes drilled through the ‘toe’ and ‘heal’ end of the skate. The bone’s distal end has been trimmed to a point with the tip curved upwards and the anterior surfaces have been worn smooth.
Bone skates do not have sharp gliding edges like modern skates. Instead, pictorial and literary evidence shows that momentum on the ice was achieved using metal-tipped poles, more akin to cross-country skiing. This was wonderfully described in the late 12th century by William Fitz Stephen, a secretary to the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas à Becket.
‘…when the great marsh…is frozen over, numerous bands of young men go out to play on the ice. They arrange their feet at a set distance, and gaining additional rapidity as they move, they traverse enormous space… Others of them are more knowing in their play, for they fit leg-bones of animals to their feet, binding them firmly around their ankles, and hold in their hands poles shod with iron, which they strike against the ice, and thus impel themselves on it with the swiftness of a bird or a ball from an engine [cannon]. Sometimes it is agreed that two of them shall advance against the other in this way from a great distance; they rush together, each lifts his staff to strike the other, and the contest ends by one or both falling, and receiving some severe bodily injury…’
From William Fitz Stephen’s description of the city of London in 1173 in his Life of Saint Thomas of Canterbury.
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Right to Relevant, Free and Quality Education
Right to appropriate, free and quality education
Established by the International Convention on the Rights of the Child as a fundamental right, education is a foundation to achieve the sustainable development goals. Access to education for all must be ensured without discrimination.
Terre des Hommes Suisse provides children and adults with the knowledge to build a more sustainable and united future, not forgetting that at school, children are better protected against the risks of forced marriages or exploitation.
In addition, Terre des Hommes Suisse supports teachers in the adoption of participative practices that respect children’s rights: they are more attentive to children’s needs and more respectful.
Children reported feeling better protected in the school setting: they know their rights, know how to protect themselves better and know where to go in case of violence against them.
In 2019, more than 85,000 children (including 45,000 girls) have benefited from educational opportunities adapted to their age, local context and needs. Girls can stay in school longer and avoid forced marriages and early pregnancies.
Terre des Hommes Suisse considers its international work to be inseparable from its information and awareness-raising work in Switzerland. A catalogue of activities is offered to classes all over Switzerland: these activities raise children’s curiosity on themes close to their daily lives and encourage their participation through active teaching.
Awareness-raising and education about children’s rights are integrated transversally in all the actions of Terre des Hommes Suisse, as much with children and young people as with adults.
The work of Terre des Hommes Suisse in relation to the right to education is in line with sustainable development goals 4 (quality education), 5 (gender equality), 10 (reduced inequalities).
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An Acceptable Use Policy (also known as an AUP) is a set of guidelines that allow an organization to dictate appropriate use of a computer network or system. It outlines what is and is not acceptable behavior on the part of the users who have access. This is a very important document for organizations reliant on IT because it helps to protect the organization and its assets by setting clear expectations for the people using the network or equipment. Creating a document that’s this important can be a challenge, and that’s why NOREX <embers have shared thousands of documents and templates like this — to make the jobs of IT professionals and human resources department easier.
A properly drafted acceptable use policy helps prevent inappropriate, illegal, or unauthorized use of an organizations IT assets. It can also help mitigate the risks of cyber attacks and other security threats by promoting good security practices and user behavior. An AUP can also help an organization comply with regulatory requirements that cover issues such as data privacy and security. It can also be used to enforce disciplinary actions when a user violates the policy.
As you can tell, this a key tool for the modern organization, and you can draft one more quickly with this customizable Acceptable Use Policy template. To access this and the 2500+ other documents in our Resource Library, join NOREX today!


A Century of History in Five Hawaiian Prison Newspapers
Hawaiian language and culture are emphasized throughout, ranging from before statehood and during martial law to modern day women's prisons.
Celebrating Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Our best stories about the vast histories and cultures of Americans with ancestry in Asia and the Pacific.
Plant of the Month: Guava
Often classified as an invasive species, guava ignites a longstanding, transnational battle over foreign invaders and local customs.
Did White People Really Revive Surfing?
Contrary to the widespread idea that white missionaries stamped out the sport, evidence suggests that Native Hawai‘ians never stopped surfing.
How Public Schools “Americanized” Hawai’i
Colonial education administrators recruited teachers from the mainland, but soon realized another strategy was in order.
When Dole Sent Georgia O’Keeffe to Hawaii
In 1939, Dole Pineapple Company sent Georgia O’Keeffe to Hawaii for three months in order to produce works that could be used in their advertisements.
After the Lava Stops
When volcanos erupt, the type and location of the lava determines what habitat will develop after it stops flowing.
Pearl Harbor at 75
Seventy-five years ago on the morning of December 7th, 1941, the Japanese attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaii Territory.
The Struggle for Hawaii
Hawaii has been a state for 57 years, but its history goes back much further.


Urban songbirds, nest predation and ecological traps
Bonnington, C., Gaston, K.J. & Evans, K.L. (2015) Ecological traps and behavioural adjustments of urban songbirds to fine-scale spatial variation in predator activity. Animal Conservation, DOI: 10.1111/acv.12206.
The influence of predators on bird populations is controversial and poorly understood, especially in urban areas where predator densities can be particularly high. We assessed if fine-scale spatial variation in predator activity and proximity have direct and indirect effects on urban songbird distributions and breeding success, by testing the hypotheses that (1) songbirds that are sensitive to nest predation select territories with reduced activity of nest predators; (2) blackbird Turdus merula, a species that experiences high nest predation rates, lays smaller clutches in territories located in areas with higher numbers of nest predators as predicted by Skutch’s hypothesis; (3) songbirds that are sensitive to nest predation have higher nest predation rates in areas with greater predator activity. We tested these hypotheses using two sites in urban Sheffield, UK, and focus on nest predatory corvids and grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis. We found no evidence that songbirds that are most sensitive to nest predation adjust their territory location in response to fine-scale spatial variation in predator distributions. It thus seems unlikely that urban predators are indirectly regulating urban bird population size by restricting habitat availability. Blackbirds did not vary their clutch size in response to predator distributions. These findings generate the potential for an ecological trap in which prey species fail to avoid areas with the highest concentrations of nest predators, or to exhibit behavioural adjustments to reduce the risk of nest predation at such sites. We find some evidence for such ecological traps as, while fine-scale variation in grey squirrel occurrence and activity were not associated with nest predation rates, nests located in closer proximity to corvids and in areas with higher indices of corvid activity experienced slightly higher nest predation rates.
- Dose-response modelling for urban nature
- Light pollution in Marine Protected Areas


The Museum of Paleontology at The University of California, Berkeley (UCMP) is probably the best site on the net for learning about dinosaurs! Plan on spending a lot of time here and be sure to check out all the hotlinks so you don't miss out on all the great information at this site! Be sure to check out the latest news at Dino-Buzz!
Travel through time and history at The Royal Tyrrell Museum, Canada's only institution devoted entirely to paleontology. Take a virtual tour of the museum and explore dinosaurs, plants, and other fossils.
For K-2 teachers, PBS Dinosaur Train has a field guide that describes over 100 dinosaurs, compares each one's size to a typical student, and has corresponding videos.
What happened to the dinosaurs? NASA's Classroom of the Future explores several theories on what caused the dinosaurs to disappear. Was it a super nova? A gigantic volcano? Possibly disease or orbital changes that caused a severe change in weather?
Explore this site and then you decide! Be sure to check out the Staircase of Time — which does a great job of explaining how old the Earth is and when dinosaurs lived!
The names of dinosaurs can be long and difficult to pronounce. Learn how to figure out what those long names mean at UC Museum of Paleontology.
Great list of teacher links for your Dinosaur or Fossil Unit. Lessons, articles, trade books, information, and ideas. All from Scholastic.
You will want to explore the website of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, which includes updated dinosaur facts, videos of scientists answering questions, and lesson plans for educators.


Applying ice or other forms of topical cooling is a popular method of treating sports injuries. It is commonplace for athletes to return to competitive activity, shortly or immediately after the application of a cold treatment. In this article, we examine the effect of local tissue cooling on outcomes relating to functional performance and to discuss their relevance to the sporting environment. A computerized literature search, citation tracking and hand search was performed up to April, 2011. Eligible studies were trials involving healthy human participants, describing the effects of cooling on outcomes relating to functional performance. Two reviewers independently assessed the validity of included trials and calculated effect sizes. Thirty five trials met the inclusion criteria; all had a high risk of bias. The mean sample size was 19. Meta-analyses were not undertaken due to clinical heterogeneity. The majority of studies used cooling durations >20 minutes. Strength (peak torque/force) was reported by 25 studies with approximately 75% recording a decrease in strength immediately following cooling. There was evidence from six studies that cooling adversely affected speed, power and agility-based running tasks; two studies found this was negated with a short rewarming period. There was conflicting evidence on the effect of cooling on isolated muscular endurance. A small number of studies found that cooling decreased upper limb dexterity and accuracy. The current evidence base suggests that athletes will probably be at a performance disadvantage if they return to activity immediately after cooling. This is based on cooling for longer than 20 minutes, which may exceed the durations employed in some sporting environments. In addition, some of the reported changes were clinically small and may only be relevant in elite sport. Until better evidence is available, practitioners should use short cooling applications and/or undertake a progressive warm up prior to returning to play.
|Publication status||Published - Jan 2012|


Estimating a Mean
Chapter 7 - Day 6 - Lesson 7.5
State and check the Random and Normal/Large Sample conditions for constructing a confidence interval for a population mean.
Determine critical values for calculating a C% confidence interval for a population mean.
Calculate a C% confidence interval for a population mean.
Activity: How much does an Oreo weigh?
Today we’re going to use look at the weights of Oreos to transition from proportions to means. We gave students the mean and standard deviation of the sample to save time, but we did bring in Oreos for the kids. You could have students collect the data themselves. We usually borrow scales from the science teachers when we need to weigh things. Or you could give students data and have them calculate the mean and standard deviation. If you want some sample data, we found this site with data collected by students.
In chapter 6, students learned about the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a sample mean. They should be able to complete the majority of the activity (#1-5) without teacher input, but you will need to explain that we use table B and t* instead of table A and z* for means (#6). We gave students a copy of table B and explained degrees of freedom and then asked them to try to find the critical value needed. After this they can complete the rest of the activity in their groups.


Oneida Community Mansion House collections include a range of primary source materials related to the Oneida Community: family portraits, historical photographs in the thousands, period furniture, braided tapestries, books, Community-designed clothing, and ephemera - more than 30,000 objects in all – which illustrate the intellectual, cultural, and business life of the Community.
The Mansion House building, a National Historic Landmark, is a valuable resource for studying the architecture of communal living. The existing Mansion House was designed and built in stages between 1861 and 1878. The 1862 house, designed by Community member Erastus Hamilton, included sleeping rooms, a library, sitting rooms, and the central gathering space, the Family Hall. The Tontine (1863-1864) served as the communal dining hall, kitchen, laundry, and workspace. In 1869, the Community added the South Wing, with attics that modeled Second Empire, Mansard style, to the main house to accommodate the communal raising of children. The New House, designed by Lewis W. Leeds, was finished in 1878 to accommodate the Wallingford, Connecticut branch of the Community, which had merged with the Oneida branch. The Lounge, designed by architect Theodore Skinner, was added by Oneida Community Ltd. in 1914.
Researchers interested in the Mansion House’s collection should complete a Research Request at least four weeks in advance of their proposed visit, and communicate that request to the Curator of Collections. For additional information please contact: (315) 363-0745.
Bibliography on the Oneida Community (list Compiled by the OCMH Curator of Collections).
The Syracuse University Library has an extensive collection of Oneida Community archival material which may be accessed here and by appointment with Syracuse University’s Special Collections library.
Hamilton College Library’s Digital Collections includes information about the Oneida Community’s library and can be accessed online here.
The Oneida Community Journal (new series) contains news about the Oneida Community Mansion House organization, published twice each year in March and September.
Our collections and curatorial activities are made possible in part by generous support from the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation, the Preservation League of New York State, CNY Arts, Greater Hudson Heritage Network, individual donors and our members. Thank you!


Supermarket contracts boost incomes and reduce multidimensional poverty for smallholders in Kenya
- Impact Area
As food systems in developing countries change rapidly, one important trend is the growing role of modern supermarkets in urban food retailing, with far-reaching implications for food marketing and human health. Supermarkets have complex impacts on food systems: They potentially compete with small-scale vendors in informal markets, while also boosting prospects for local farmers. Going forward, policy makers need a full understanding of the impacts of supermarkets on different players in food supply chains.
For farmers, the certainty that comes with a supermarket contract is beneficial because it can reduce their exposure to market risk and help them to overcome credit constraints. For example, if a farmer knows that a certain amount of their produce will be purchased at an agreed price, they can make longer-term decisions about investment and credit. However, because companies often prefer contracting medium- and larger-sized farms that can consistently supply higher volumes, some smallholder farmers may not be able to participate successfully in supermarket contract schemes.
To investigate the impacts of supermarkets on small farmers further, our recent research, published in Food Policy, looked at the impact that a multi-year supermarket contract had on multiple dimensions of smallholder livelihoods in Kenya.
Photo credit: Yusunkwon


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are medicines that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to cure infections in people, animals and sometimes plants. Bacteria have antibiotic resistance when specific antibiotics have lost their ability to kill or stop the growth of the bacteria. Some bacteria are naturally resistant to certain antibiotics (intrinsic or inherent resistance). A more worrying problem is when some bacteria, that are normally susceptible to antibiotics, become resistant as a result of genetic changes (acquired resistance). Resistant bacteria survive in the presence of the antibiotic and continue to multiply causing longer illness or even death. Infections caused by resistant bacteria may require more care as well as alternative and more expensive antibiotics, which may have more severe side effects. Read more in the factsheets about antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance in specific diseases
Antimicrobial resistance/ microbiology - Gonorrhoea
The surveillance of gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in Europe is essential for detecting emerging and increasing antimicrobial resistance and making quality-assured data available to inform revisions of treatment guidelines. ECDC coordinates the Euro-GASP network.
Antimicrobial resistance - Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli resistance to major antibiotics is increasing in almost all countries in Europe. E. coli causes urinary tract and more serious infections and is one of the most common bacteria causing infections.
Antimicrobial resistance - Tuberculosis
In EU, only 1 in every 3 MDR TB patients has a successful treatment outcome; more than half either die, fail treatment or default (stop taking treatment). XDR TB has even worse treatment outcomes: only 1 in 4 patients finishes treatment successfully.
Antimicrobial resistance - Campylobacteriosis
The annual ECDC-EFSA report looks at antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food
Antimicrobial resistance - Salmonellosis
Multi-drug resistant Salmonella bacteria continue to spread across Europe, show the latest data on resistance in bacteria in humans, food and animals issued by ECDC and EFSA. There’s evidence of resistance to the antimicrobial colistin in Salmonella among poultry in the EU - this last-resort drug may soon no longer be effective for treating severe human infections with Salmonella.


HR3741 is a giant star in the constellation of Hydra.
HR3741 visual magnitude is 6.01. Because of its reltive faintness, HR3741 should be visible only from locations with dark skyes, while it is not visible at all from skyes affected by light pollution.
The table below summarizes the key facts about HR3741:
HR3741 is above the horizon from Greenwich, United Kingdom .
Celestial coordinates and finder chart of HR3741
HR3741 is situated close to the celestial equator, as such, it is at least partly visible from both hemispheres in certain times of the year. Celestial coordinates for the J2000 equinox as well as galactic coordinates of HR3741 are provided in the following table:
The simplified sky map below shows the position of HR3741 in the sky:
Visibility of HR3741 from your location
Location: Greenwich, United Kingdom
Latitude: 51° 28’ 47” N
Longitude: 0° 00’ 00” E
Today's HR3741 rise, transit and set times from Greenwich, United Kingdom are the following (all times relative to the local timezone Europe/London):
Digitized Sky Survey image of HR3741
The image below is a photograph of HR3741 from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 (DSS2 - see the credits section) taken in the red channel. The area of sky represented in the image is 0.5x0.5 degrees (30x30 arcmins). The proper motion of HR3741 is -0.001 arcsec per year in Right Ascension and -0.003 arcsec per year in Declination and the associated displacement for the next 100000 years is represented with the red arrow.
Distance of HR3741 from the Sun and relative movement
HR3741 is distant 876.34 light years from the Sun and it is moving towards the Sun at the speed of 15 kilometers per second.
Spectral properties of HR3741
HR3741 belongs to spectral class K2 and has a luminosity class of III corresponding to a giant star.
The red dot in the diagram below shows where HR3741 is situated in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.


Land Use / Land Cover
Target or Affiliated Species or Habitat
Report, Website/web hub
Years of Implementation
The Minnesota Department of Transportation makes local or state cost-share and incentive payments available to landowners interested in providing living snow fences to protect state highways from snow drift during winter (MnDOT 2016). Living snow fences are barriers provided by plantings of trees, shrubs, and native grasses that trap snow and function to prevent drifts from reaching roads. Establishing living snow fences has the potential to reduce road maintenance costs associated with snow removal and can improve driver visibility. In addition to planting native vegetation, agricultural landowners are encouraged through the program to leave standing corn rows on farms, to act as a windbreak by trapping drifting snow (UM 2016).
A secondary benefit of some living snow fence designs is the enhancement of wildlife habitat, including habitat for native pollinators. Guidance and site-specific advice is available from the Minnesota Department of Transportation to install living snow fence plantings to benefit native pollinators (MnDOT 2016). “Landowners receive an annual payment which represents a combination of payments from MnDOT, CRP and EQIP depending on each specific situation.
The annual payment is decided based on the FSA county land rental rate in the sign up year of the agreement. In 2011, the FSA published land rents per acre varied from a low of US$55 [per 0.4 hectare (1 acre)] in northern Minnesota to a high of US$215 [per 0.4 hectare (1 acre)] in southern Minnesota. In addition to the land rental rate, MnDOT provides a payment package to compensate landowners for storing snow and for the inconvenience of farming around the living snow fence or standing corn rows” (Wyatt 2012).
Amount of the Incentive
Annual rental payments are established during the sign up year of an agreement. Rates are based on FSA’s county land rental. MnDOT also compensates landowners in the form of a payment package.


Sector Meaning and Definition
What is the definition Sector? What is its meaning in the dictionary? Antonyms, Words ending with Sector, Synonyms, Example sentences, Related sentences, Words starting with Sector, Derivations, How to pronounce and more...
How to pronounce: ˈsektə
1. An area or portion that is distinct from others.
Example sentences: "Operations in the southern sector of the North Sea"
2. The plane figure enclosed by two radii of a circle or ellipse and the arc between them.
Example sentences: "For example, Figure 4a shows three such rings formed from the sectors and rectangle in Figure 3a."
3. A mathematical instrument consisting of two arms hinged at one end and marked with sines, tangents, etc. for making diagrams.
Keep in Mind
Images related to Sector
Sector in Other Languages...


In this charming story by Phyllis Krasilovsky and illustrated by S.D. Schindler, the reader learns how tulips first came to Holland. In this fictionalized imagining (since no one knows for sure who first brought the bulbs to Holland), a Dutch merchant named Hendrik brought them back to Holland as a present for his daughter, Katrina. She plants them in her window and when they bloom they attracted the whole town’s attention.
Hendrik is offered everything from gold to a harpsichord to sheep and goats to trade for them but he refuses. Instead, he gives them to his daughter as her dowry when she marries a florist. Her and her husband end up cultivating the tulips and selling them. Hence, the proliferation of tulips all over Holland.
One king in history, Ahmet III, is known as “The Tulip King” for his love of tulips. He was a Turkish ruler who imported hundreds of bulbs from the Netherlands and threw lavish parties every year when they bloomed.
For a time, tulips were coveted items and there was even a run on tulips in 1637 when one tulip was selling for the price of gold today.
Great book about a beautiful flower and its role in history.


Dr. Mamta Phogat1, Dr. Rita Dahiya2 and Aditya3
1 & 2 Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana
3M.Sc. Student Plant Pathology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, COHF-Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh
Zero tillage is the most significant aspect of conservation farming, takes care of soil health, plant growth and the environment. Underground water contamination decreases under zero tillage due to the drastic drop in runoff and further under zero tillage, herbicides are broken down into harmless compounds very easily by soil microbes. The zero tillage option tends to be the more promising option for mitigating the adverse effects of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Zero tillage is an ecofriendly method for maintaining and improving soil, water and air from pollution hazards.An-Ecofriendly-Approach-Zero-Tillage
As per Health Effects Institute, Boston, there are approximately 4.9 million deaths due to environmental pollution and in India it is 1.2 million per annum. So, it is time to adopt suitable measures to improve the air quality for future generations.


In HTML 1 of web development, I walked you through a web page I made using only HTML. Let's be honest, it was kind of ugly.
But that's okay. html wasn't created to style things. It's for organizing your content and building structure.
Remember, HTML is like the frame of a house. In this chapter, you'll learn how to use a second web development language called CSS to style your page. CSS is like the colors and decorations of a house.
Watch what happens when I remove the CSS files from some really cool looking websites. See, they start to look a lot like the basic HTML pages we made.
This should be pretty encouraging.
We're one step closer to making incredible websites. But like I said, in our first lesson, becoming a web developer takes time, patience, and hard work.
You probably noticed that HTML tags have their own styles, even when you didn't code any CSS. This is because browsers give default CSS to HTML tags.
The default style for headings was big and dark. Text and anchors showed up blue and underlined. And certain tags seem to have space between them when they rendered in the browser. These default styles are actually pretty boring. But in this course, I'll show you how to give your tags their own unique styles. I'll guide you through my new and improved pet adoption page as an example, let's check it out real quick.
I've changed the color of the text, the color behind the text. My links aren't blue or underlined anymore. Instead, they're green. The size of my font is bigger.
My images have colored edges. Some of my text lines up in the center of the page instead of on the left. And I've also changed the amount of space between sections of my content. It's starting to look much better.
Now that you know what's ahead. Get ready to dive into CSS so that you can add some styles to your own project.
Are you ready/ Well lets move on to the next lesson!


We may take our skin for granted, but biology tells us that it is the largest organ in our body (via National Geographic). It is a waterproof shield that protects us from external influences such as sunlight, temperatures including heat and cold, as well as chemicals. It’s made up of three layers: the epidermis (which itself has several layers), the dermis, and the subcutis. Among other things, our skin has a defensive system that alerts the body to potential infections and has nerves that act as the brain’s bridge to the outside world. Our skin also allows us to become self-contained because it lets us move as we want to without having our insides fall out in the process.
We know we prune up when we spend more than a few minutes in the water. But what happens if you subject your body (and your skin in the process) with the pressure of being somewhere we wouldn’t normally be — like in the water for 10 days? Tim Yarrow found out when he spent 240 hours submerged in the water, clocking up a world record and the title for the greatest human guinea pig of all time by “Outrageous Acts of Science” in the process (via HuffPost).
What happened to Tim Yarrow's skin?
While Yarrow managed to keep himself fed (low fiber, through a tube), and clean (he used a catheter), scientists saw the biggest impact on his skin which made his fingers end up looking like aged and wrinkled sausages. “The reason that you get such wrinkly hands and feet is because the surface of the skin is covered in dead keratin cells and they absorb water faster than any other cells,” British ecologist Ellie Harrison says. “Because they’re attached to the live keratin cells beneath, they just puff up and end up having to wrinkle. There’s nowhere else for them to go.”
Yarrow is lucky because the 10-day stint could have left him with unintended consequences. “I should think in the long term, if he stayed under water for an extraordinarily long time, the skin would break down. It would probably blister and that would leave him really open to infection, particularly in that water, he could get really quite ill,” Harrison says.
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While the space is nominally considered a “harsh” environment for sustaining life due to its atmosphere, microgravity, and exposure to intense galactic cosmic rays (GCR), causing adverse health effects like accelerated aging, DNA damage, tissue damage, and disease, it also offers unique opportunities for development and screening of therapeutic modalities that can immensely benefit therapeutic development activities for terrestrial applications. Another advantage the unique space environment offers is the effect of microgravity enables facile formation of human organoids 3D in vitro models that exquisitely mimic the complexity of our tissues and organs and provide a practical alternative to whole-organism studies in human and can be used to study various pathophysiological phenomena on Earth, for deep space manned missions, and developing personalized medicine. Sachi Bioworks will team up with Space Tango for accelerating the development of therapeutics for neurodegeneration, cancer treatment, and cardiovascular diseases.
The proposed project and rapid drug-discovery and manufacturing in space can lead to “on-the-fly” therapeutic manufacturing, providing “on-demand” therapeutics for different adverse health conditions that can arise during space travel. Moreover, such therapeutics can be personalized to different astronauts (personalized medicine), providing capability for NASA missions to ensure positive therapeutic outcomes to maintain astronaut’s health. This could also lead to availability of effective therapeutics without frequent restocking missions.
For terrestrial applications, the space-based rapid and low-cost drug-screening in space can result in development of new and effective therapies to treat a wide-range of disease affecting millions of patients. Moreover, by shifting the drug-screening from animal testing to human cell lines and organoids can also ensure successful translation and advent of personalized and effective medicine.


Research and Resources
In the decades since Shulman’s initial work, increasing educational research, theory development, and consensus building have increased understanding of how instructors problem solve and make instructional and curricular decisions in the complex arena of face-to-face, hybrid, or online classrooms.
Recently, technology considerations have expanded PCK scholarship to include Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Herring, Koehler & Mishra, 2016), in which an instructor’s effective technology integration to support learning is recognized as an important factor in course design. Examples range from organizing course materials in the learning management system (Canvas) to minimize the cognitive energy students must spend navigating these materials to integrating e-texts that facilitate engagement with readings or adaptive courseware that provides individualized practice in problem solving.
Herring, M. C., Koehler, M. J. & Mishra, P. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for Educators (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Magnusson, S. J., Borko, H., & Krajcik, J. S.(1999). Nature, sources, and development of pedagogical content knowledge for science teaching. In J. Gess-Newsome & N. Lederman (Eds.), Examining Pedagogical Content Knowledge (pp. 95-132). Boston, MA: Kluwer Press.
Oleson, A. & Hora, M. T. (October 23, 2013). Teaching the way they were taught? Revisiting the sources of teaching knowledge and the role of prior experience in shaping faculty teaching practices. Higher Education. DOI 10.1007/s10734-013-9678-9
Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, vol 15(2), pp. 4-14.


UN General Assembly and Security Council veto - Resolution 76/262
The reform of the United Nations system when it comes to the veto right of members of the Security Council has long been discussed and proposals have been made.
As recalled yesterday by the Secretary General António Guterres, the United Nations were created in the 1945 world and reflected the political dynamics of this period of time. Since then other countries and regions have had an increase role e.g., BRICS and African continent.
We also have seen more and more use of the vero rights and difficulties to find soultions at the Security Council level due to polarization, reshape of the world's political and economic influences.
Yesterday, the United Nations General Assembly voted unanimously the Resolution 76/262.
What is resolution 76/262 and what does it do ?
This resolution is a rule that would automatically trigger a General Assembly meeting if any of the Security Council's five veto-wielding members use that power to block a resolution.
The meeting should be held automatically within 10 days, if the veto is used in the Security Council by one of its five permanent members.
What does it reflect?
The increased power of private states e.g. #gafam, #techactors, the threats and risks of #artificialintelligence for #humanrights, the military equilibrium, the instability due to economic crises and the high number of #conflict.
There is currently a need for #multilateralism and to rethink it. There is a need for diplomacy, for talking and fort acking positive actions to rethink the world.
Most generations had to commit to values and core principles.
It is a time where we need to reaffirm our stand for #peace, #multilateralism , #humanrights, #internationallaw while building this new world.
See press release here: UN General Assembly mandates meeting in wake of any Security Council veto | | UN News


The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 39
By far the largest part of the English people is born in the ranks of the proletariat. The proletaire is a man without a recognised right to an honorable livelihood. He has no legal claim to anything except poor relief. He finds all the material wealth of his native country bespoken, so that he has no opportunity of laboring on his own behoof. No one is required to employ him, or to give him a yard of standing-ground. He may not obstruct the highways, dead or alive. The very seas are appropriated for fisheries. He cannot die in a ditch without trespass. But for the union, that immoral institution so exactly fitted to cast unjust reproach on honest want and to encourage profligacy, he would be legally bound to annihilate himself or vanish when not wanted as a drudge. As Malthus says, he must take himself away; but by what chemical process ought he to evaporate himself? Good Queen Bess hung her surplus subjects, understanding that they required to be provided for; the Roman Cæsars fed the Roman plebs at the cost of the provinces; the Catholic Church sanctifies mendicancy; other societies have practised abortion or infanticide, while Plato and Aristotle, both of whom have been all but canonised by the Christian Church, proposed to regulate child-bearing. It is a peculiarity of the modern Protestant, on the most vital questions, to have no policy, and not to see the need of one, while a school of economists has actually formulated a science of imbecility. Accordingly, the well-fed philosopher pats his fat stomach page 6 after dinner, and, having mumbled through his catechism of supply and demand, thinks he may consign the starving to oblivion.


An Argentine research base in the Antarctic Peninsula set a new heat record in 2015, hitting an unprecedented 17.5° Celsius (63.5° Fahrenheit). This was one of many temperature records that the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported in a recently published report. The group of experts from the announced that their latest batch of data does also confirm an increase in temperature in Antarctica.
Based in Geneva, the WMO has been recording the temperature fluctuations in Antarctica for quite some time, as they continue their efforts to expand their database on global climate conditions. They hope that their observations will help make more precise meteorological and environmental predictions in the future, as the WMO’s Randall Cerveny explains:
“This investigation highlights the need to continually monitor all of the Antarctic Region and ensure that we have the best possible data for climate change analysis at both the regional and global scales.”
Antarctica is one of the fastest warming regions of the planet, with the Peninsula recording a 3°C increase over the past 50 years. This news comes as to no real surprise to most scientists. The warming of the Antarctic continent is known to have caused major ice loss and decreased glacier size over the last 50 years, with a marked increase in that trend over the past 12. Just recently, a 5,000 km2 piece of ice threatened to break loose from the Larsen C Ice Shelf, one of several calvings that have affected the Antarctic ice levels over the past two decades.
The temperature increase in Antarctica was recorded independently by several research station, all of which have experienced the same influx of warm air and elevated temperatures. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s fresh water, a number that could see a sea level rise of over 60 meters should it melt into the surrounding oceans. With a gradual level of sea rise already detected, the new temperature spikes recorded by the World Meteorological Organization certainly put the situation in Antarctica in perspective, as scientists strive to get climate action underway in order to stop the devastating effects of climate change.
The Main Reasons Space Footage Might Be Hidden
Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak warns of AI-powered scams and the need for industry regulation
Leading AI Voice Geoffrey Hinton Quits Google Over Concerns About Unchecked AI


The Maori language uses a unique alphabet and writing system. The Maori alphabet consists of 14 letters, and the language uses a variety of diacritical marks to indicate vowel length and nasalization. The Maori language is written using a combination of letters from the Latin alphabet and a number of special characters that are unique to the Maori language.
Fonts offered by Fontfabric are designed to support the unique features of the Maori writing system and provide a clear and readable text for Maori speakers.
Writing System: Latin script
Alphabetic Writing System: Māori alphabet
Number of Characters: 15
Alphabet Letter / Character Set: A, a, E, e, H, h, I, i, K, k, M, m, N, n, NG, ng, O, o, P, p, R, r, T, t, U, u, W, w, WH, wh.
Language Speakers: 775836
Country / Areas: Cook Islands and New Zealand
Typeface Usage: Various business typography uses, such as corporate fonts, branding font styles, labels, product, and packaging fonts, high-performing gaming, and app fonts, more wide-use multimedia, and printer-friendly digital fonts, variable fonts for websites, tablets, software fonts, and any other high-grade professional and personal typeface applications.


Starting around 18 weeks of pregnancy, you will begin to feel fetal movements. These kicks and movements will be easier to distinguish the further along you are. Around 28 weeks of pregnancy is a good time to start keeping track of fetal movements daily by using a kick count chart. Opinions vary from practice to practice on how to count kicks, number of kicks to count, and when you should call your doctor. Talk to your doctor about her protocol for performing kick counts.
Cardiff Count to Ten Method
The Cardiff Count to Ten method is probably the most common method for tracking fetal movements and is the method used for the fetal kick count chart below. With this method, you count kicks around the same time each day. Timing kicks about an hour after meals is best.You mark your starting time and then start counting kicks until you reach ten fetal movements. Then mark your ending time on the chart. As a general guide, you should expect ten movements within two hours, but please contact your physician for their procedure. If you notice a decrease in your baby's fetal movements a significant change in his or her activity, it is always best to check with your doctor. Decreasing fetal movement can be a sign that your baby should be evaluated and warrants a phone call
You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader to view this chart. You can download Adobe Acrobat Reader here.


What is SI?
Supplemental Instruction (SI) aims to improve student performance in classes by offering bi-weekly sessions taught by specially trained graduate students. Known as “Supplemental Instruction Leaders,” these graduate students serve as models of master students and knowledgeable teachers. SI sessions use course content to teach valuable study skills to students – what to learn with how to learn it. SI Leaders teach students to process course material more effectively through modeling and discussing the critical thinking skills important for that discipline.
For more information on the SI Program, visit: http://www.utexas.edu/ugs/slc/support/si
My Involvement in SI at UT:
- Supplemental Instruction Supervisor (2013-2014) – I was responsible for training, observing, teaching and designing weekly seminars on pedagogy, and providing feedback to Supplemental Instructors (Graduate Students) in the Liberal Arts (primarily History and American Studies). At the start of every semester, I worked with the Sanger Learning Center and other Supervisors to develop SI pedagogy training sessions and orientations. These “crash-courses” in pedagogy provided Instructors with the building blocks necessary to be successful in their SI sessions. Throughout the semester I met weekly with my SIs to further their pedagogical training and observe their sessions. Topics covered included: Teaching Writing; Effective Communication in the Classroom; Teaching with Technology; How to Prepare Students for Exams; Conflict in the Classroom; and Active Reading.
- Supplemental Instruction Leader (2011-2012)– For both the History Department and The Thomas Jefferson Center for Core Texts & Ideas, I designed and taught twice weekly sections of Western Civilizations in Medieval Times and Early Western Colonialisms. These sections integrated course content with study skills. Special attention was paid to developing students’ writing skills as both courses required a research paper. Typical sessions included: Note-Taking; How to Read Secondary Sources; Primary Sources: A How To Guide; Using the Library and Electronic Resources; Thesis Statement Workshop; Citations; Paragraphing
Supplemental Instructors are provided with pedagogical training both before and during the semester, meeting with their Supervisor and the Sanger Learning Staff. These pedagogical training sessions helped SIs gain valuable knowledge of best teaching practices while also learning about cutting-edge pedagogical innovations.
Teaching resources and materials I developed for SI can be found in my Resources page.


Spring is the busiest and most important season for polar bears: it is the most important feeding period and it is also when mating occurs. The fat that polar bears put on during the spring and early summer is critical for their survival over the rest of the year and for females, determines whether they can successfully produce cubs the following year.
Mothers and new cubs emerge from their winter dens in late March to early April and those who have chosen to den on land soon head towards the sea ice. For a fabulous photo of a polar bear female and her two young cubs, just out of their winter den, feeding on a bearded seal pup, pop over here. All other bears, including females with older cubs, will already be on the ice, feeding on the first newborn ice seals of the season and any other seals they can catch.
It’s buffet time for polar bears but the most dangerous time for cute baby seals. Continue reading
Posted in Life History, Sea ice habitat
Tagged bearded seals, Bering Sea, Chukchi, ESA, fat, fat baby seals, harp seal, hooded seal, Hudson Bay breakup, hunting platform, IUCN, ringed seals, sea ice extent
I’ve been busy with work-related activities lately and will be for several more weeks. Until then…
Sea ice changes since March 15 [Update added May 10, see below]
Lots of ice everywhere – even in Hudson Bay. A bit less ice in the Barents Sea (north of Norway) than there was two months ago at the sea ice maximum March 15 (see Fig. 1 below compared to the extent at May 5 in Fig. 2: both from NSIDC). But there is still quite a bit around Svalbard – that group of islands between NE Greenland and NW Norway (see Fig. 3 below a MASIE image, where this situation is more apparent).
Polar bears are eating and mating at this time of year (early May being the tail-end of the season in most areas) – and right now, they have a huge, circumpolar ice platform for those activities.
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Adult habits in line with global average
In Switzerland, 21% of the adult population on average are daily smokers, according to a report from the World Health Organisation.
That is firmly in line with average rates of current smoking among adults globally, which have declined to 21% in 2015 down from 24% in 2007.
But among high-income countries like Switzerland, there’s a striking gender difference: the average rates of smoking among adult men dropped to 29% in 2015 down from 34% in 2007; for adult women the rates dropped to 18% in 2015 down from 21% in 2007.
A reportExternal link published by WHO on Wednesday about the “global tobacco epidemic” focuses on monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. It finds that one third of countries, including Switzerland, have comprehensive systems to monitor tobacco use.
A decade ago, only one fourth of countries monitored tobacco use at WHO’s recommended levels.
Smoking in public
Comprehensive smoke-free legislation is currently in place for almost 1.5 billion people in 55 countries. But in Switzerland, the reports finds only minimal public places that are completely smoke-free.
It also says that cigarettes are less affordable in Switzerland since 2008.
According to WHO, raising taxes to increase tobacco product prices is the most effective and cost-efficient means of reducing tobacco use and encouraging users to quit, but is one of the least used tobacco control measures.
Controlling tobacco use is a key part of the United Nations’ 2030 sustainable development agendaExternal link. Tobacco use is the leading single preventable cause of death worldwide, killing over 7 million people each year and causing more than $1.4 trillion in health care costs and lost productivity, WHO says.
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How’s Your Memory?
The pandemic year has affected the way we remember and the way we forget things
The past 15 months have been hard on us all. And while there are brighter days ahead, we might be going into them forgetting a few things. Like where we put our AirPods or what that new coworker’s name is.
Even President Biden made an awkward joke about forgetting he was, in fact, president while speaking to soldiers in England last week.
So what’s going on? Are we losing our sh*t? Psychologists say that this is normal—things are busier than they have been in a really long time. Meaning there is currently a lot cluttering our minds. And one doctor tells Vice that absentmindedness can serve other purposes, like allowing us to focus on the bigger picture instead of life’s minutia.
Focusing on the future while staying present might be the key to sharpening your memory. Or at least accomplishing the things you might otherwise forget. After deciding you want to do something, make the most of the time when you are keyed into planning and act immediately. (If you know you’ll want a portable battery or a water bottle with you in the park, put them in your bag and put the bag by the door.)
Another way to improve your memory? Post on social media. Seriously. People are more likely to remember experiences, events and people that they post on social media, new research suggests. Even ephemeral social media channels like Stories and Snapchat can improve your recall later—despite the post eventually disappearing.
This is in contrast to how the internet has long been linked to memory problems, including a phenomenon called “The Google Effect.” That is a type of digital amnesia when people are less likely to remember facts and other information that can be easily found online.
Put technology to work for you. Ask Siri, demand answers from Alexa and clip an AirTag on anything you don’t want to lose.
How to Remember
Tell us if this situation sounds familiar: You’ve just met someone new and by the end of the night (or sometimes by the time you’re finished shaking hands), you’ve completely forgotten their names. We got some tips from an International Grand Master of Memory.


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- Key People:
- Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th earl of Minto Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet Robert Shiels
- Related Places:
- United Kingdom Scotland
Roxburghshire, also called Roxburgh, historic county, southeastern Scotland, along the English border. It covers an area stretching from the valleys of the Rivers Tweed and Teviot in the north to the Cheviot Hills in the southeast and the valley known as Liddesdale in the southwest. Roxburghshire lies entirely within the Scottish Borders council area.
Numerous archaeological remains in the area include prehistoric hill forts in the valleys and later Roman camps, forts, and signal stations, as well as Dere Street, the Roman road running north from England. After the Roman withdrawal from Great Britain in the 5th century ad, Roxburghshire formed part of the Celtic British kingdom of Strathclyde. The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria then held the region for four centuries until it was ceded to Scotland in 1018. David I designated Roxburghshire a shire. In the 13th century the ancient county town (seat) of Roxburgh was a member of the Court of the Four Burghs. The town was abandoned when the castle was destroyed and James II of Scotland killed in 1460; it was superseded by Kelso. Other towns in the locality were repeatedly burned during border warfare between the Scots and English, and the abbeys of Jedburgh, Kelso, and Melrose were ruined in 1544–45. Abbotsford, near Melrose, was the last home of the 19th-century novelist Sir Walter Scott, and the surrounding area is known as the “Scott country.” During the 18th and 19th centuries woolen textile manufacture expanded the county’s economy, which had traditionally rested on livestock raising.


Head lice are a global public-health apprehension affecting primary school age children. The control of lice presents research challenges and prediction for the identification of new, safe insecticides. Allium sativum (commonly known as garlic) is a species belonging to family Alliaceae. Garlic has been used for both culinary and medicinal purposes. In an attempt to assess the lethality, Allium sativum aqueous extracts were tested in In- vitro toxicity model against human adult lice. The lice were observed for lack of response to stimuli over 3 hour period. The results demonstrated that raw juice of Allium sativum clove showed pediculicidal efficacies of 90±10 per cent (P< 0.01 over control). The experimental evidence obtained in the laboratory model could provide a rationale for the use of Allium sativum juice to be included in formulations for controlling head lice.
Cite this article:
Vivek Shrivastava, U.K. Jain. In-vitro Pediculicidal Activity of Juice from Clove of Allium sativum. Research J. Pharm. and Tech.3 (4): Oct.-Dec.2010; Page 1134-1135.
Vivek Shrivastava, U.K. Jain. In-vitro Pediculicidal Activity of Juice from Clove of Allium sativum. Research J. Pharm. and Tech.3 (4): Oct.-Dec.2010; Page 1134-1135. Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2010-3-4-141