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In 1917, Henry Dudeney asked for the maximum number of points selectable from an × grid so that no three points are collinear. Obviously, no more than two points can be selected from any row or column, so the maximal amount of points is . Calling a solution an × grid with a maximal selection of points with no three points collinear, a 52×52 grid with 104 selected points is the largest known solution. This Demonstration gives all solutions up to order 18×18, and some of the known solutions for larger-sized grids.
Contributed by: Ed Pegg Jr (November 2013)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
Solution data for orders 17 and 18 are from . All other solution data is from .
 A. Flammenkamp. "The No-Three-in-Line Problem." (Mar 3, 1998) wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/achim/cgi/no3in/readme.html.
 B. Chaffin. "No Three In Line Problem." (Apr 4, 2006) wso.williams.edu/~bchaffin/no_three_in _line/index.htm.
 Wikipedia. "No-Three-in-Line Problem." (Nov 5, 2013) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-three-in-line_problem.
Wolfram Demonstrations Project
Published: November 8 2013


Waste Batteries and Accumulators
Over 18.700 tonnes of Waste Batteries and Accumulators were treated in Italy in 2019.
Due to their chemical composition, Waste Batteries and Accumulators, just like WEEE, contain hazardous substances such as zinc, cadmium, mercury and lead, which if not disposed of safely, can cause significant damage to the ecosystem.
A battery contains about 1 gram of mercury which, alone, can pollute over 1,000 litres of water.
Yet, they also contain recyclable raw materials (nickel, rare earths, lithium, iron, zinc, manganese, lead, etc.) which, if properly treated, can be recovered and re-used to create new products in line with the circular economic model.
For these reasons, the legislation provides for the implementation of separate collection systems for this particular type of waste, as well as precise rules for those placing batteries and accumulators on the market.
In fact, the Producer is responsible for establishing, coordinating and financing the collection and treatment systems for spent batteries and accumulators in compliance with environmental regulations, in addition to the adoption of measures aimed at preventing and reducing the production of WBA by promoting their re-use and recycling.
Find out how to become a member of the most important Italian Extended Producer Responsibility system for the management of WEEE, Battery and Packaging Producers. A single service for every need.
© 2023 Erion. All right reserved. Made with by SYROOP.
Erion Energy – Non-profit Producer Responsibility Organisation for the management of Waste Batteries and Accumulators – Via A. Scarsellini, 14 – 20161 Milan
VAT/Tax Code/ Milan Registry of Businesses 11277910961


As the largest infrastructure project in Europe, HS2 is already creating huge demand for construction equipment, which is supporting UK manufacturers and suppliers. Reducing emissions from plant on construction sites is a key challenge for the sector. A six-month pilot has been carried out by UK company Eminox on a Balfour Beatty Stage IIIA piling rig (Junttan PM20) which involved retrofitting exhaust technology to existing engine systems on plant machinery to upgrade them to the latest EU Stage V engine class.
It was tested by Imperial College London (Centre for Low Emission Construction) and Emissions Analytics, and has been validated by the Energy Savings Trust, providing certainty for the sector and making it available industry-wide.
HS2 has set strict (NRMM) emissions requirements, with all plant operating needing to meet at least EU Stage IV requirements from 2022. This innovation will deliver the first EU Stage V equivalent retrofit solution in Europe – taking the piling rig to the lowest emissions level possible.
This gives HS2 and its suppliers confidence that existing NRMM can be successfully retrofitted to meet HS2’s 2022 NRMM criteria at substantially less cost than purchasing new equipment.
Unlike on-road exhaust emissions reduction retrofit technologies, which typically use compressed air from the existing system the new technology removes particulates, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide emissions using new airless dosing technology. This is the first of its kind and the innovative technology will also benefit users of NRMM working in other clean air zones such as Greater London and Birmingham.
A second pilot is currently underway on the larger Bauer BG30 403kW rig, to test whether larger machines within the 350kW to 550kW range can also be retrofitted, providing even more benefits to the sector.


Colpospira curialis (Hedley, 1907)
Description: Protoconch 2 whorls, teleoconch 11 whorls in mature shells. Whorls slightly concave or straight in outline, suture impressed. Whorls spirally ribbed; latter whorls sculptured with 1, 2 or 3 spiral ribs, usually at least lower rib nodulose. Axial sculpture of growth lines conforming to shape of outer lip sinus. Base with a rib below periphery, and a few weak riblets below. Inner lip flared outwards at base, outer lip thin with deep sinus, lip usually broken. Colour uniformly white. Operculum unknown.
Size: Up to 10 mm in length.
Distribution: Endemic to Australia: Cairns, Queensland, southwards to eastern Victoria.
Habitat: Known from 176-1550 m, most commonly from below 500 m. Moderately common.
Comparison: This is a small, very deep water species, readily identified by the nodulose ribs on the shell.
Synonymy: Turritella joannae Hedley, 1923 is a synonym
Remarks: The most common form of this species has three spiral ribs on each whorl, with the lowest one nodulose (Fig. 1), but forms also occur with only one or two ribs (Fig. 2). This is a very deep water species, originally collected by the Challenger expedition, with specimens only becoming available in quantity in the last 30 years. When Garrard discussed it in 1972 he had only eight specimens, but the Australian Museum now holds 45 lots totaling hundreds of specimens.
Fig. 1: Off Sydney, 750 m (C.371167).
Fig. 2: Off Sydney, 393 m (C.371168).
Copyright Des Beechey 2006


Argentina's very unusual bond market
Context: Local debt is riskier. The U.S. government can print money while the city of Detroit, or the state of Illinois, cannot. That's why the U.S. government borrows at much lower rates than Detroit or Illinois.
- The same is true for nearly all the countries in the world. Countries can bail out cities and other sub-national entities, but if the country itself runs into trouble, it simply taxes those entities to raise the necessary funds.
Argentina is the exception to the rule. As Nick Dunbar of Risky Finance explains, some Argentine local governments, like the city of Buenos Aires or the province of Neuquén, are considered less likely to default than the sovereign. As a result, their bonds trade at significantly higher prices than the equivalent sovereign bonds do.
- By the numbers: Argentina's sovereign bonds generally trade at around 50 cents on the dollar. The debt of Mendoza Province, by contrast, trades around 75 cents, while Neuquén trades at 85 cents. And the bonds of the city of Buenos Aires trade at 99 cents on the dollar.
The bottom line: Creditworthiness is a function of the debtor's ability and willingness to pay. In Argentina, both of those things can sometimes be found more at the regional level than within the national government.
Go deeper: Trump says he will restore steel and aluminum tariffs against Brazil and Argentina


Small School Movement
Victories and Challenges
Some of the most valuable research on the small school movement comes from firsthand accounts of educational reformers operating under “real world” conditions. Over the past several decades, the small school movement has celebrated many victories and, at the same time, weathered many challenges. Some of these victories and challenges have to do with schools themselves, while others have to do with outside factors and influences, for instance, at district, state, or federal levels. You can learn more about small school movement victories and challenges around the world by reading through our extensive compilation of research below.
Sample some of the research in our library, below. If you have any questions about the small school movement worldwide, we welcome you to contact us directly.
Articles and Research
- China’s small schools go digital. China Daily, 2014.
- Small classes, small schools: The time is now. Wasley, Patricia A. ASCD, 2002.
- Why are Finland’s schools successful? Hancock, LynNell. Smithsonian Magazine, 2011.
- Q&A with Stuart Grauer. Grauer, S. Education Revolution, 2014.
- The Hobbit Effect: Why Small Works in Public Schools. Jimerson, Lorna. Rural Trust Policy Brief Series on Rural Education, 2006.
- Burnsall, Cracoe, Grassington and Kettlewell schools agree formal pact to work together. Thompson, Stuart. Craven Herald & Pioneer, 2016.
- Chicago’s Renaissance 2010 small schools movement meets the “ownership society”. Ayers, W. Klonsky, M. Phi Delta Kappan, 2006.
- Opposition to school closures impressive fight: professor. Day, Jim. Saltwire, 2017.
- Parent and Family Involvement in Education: Results from the National Household Education Surveys Program of 2016. National Center for Education Statistics, 2017.
- Small High Schools Post Big Gains: 5 Questions with Gordon Berlin. Zhao, Emmeline. Real Clear Education, 2014.
- Guest commentary: Oakland must again commit to creating small schools. Wermund, B. East Bay Times, 2016.


Original Description Stichocorida (vel Stichocyrtida eradiata aperta) with cylindrical shell, the upper pole of which is rounded, the lower truncate. Cephalis with a horn.
The genus Artostrobus and the following Dictyomitra Translation: Lithomitra] differ from all the other Stichocorida in the cylindrical or nearly cylindrical form of the shell, all the joints of which are nearly equal in breadth, and are very short, often with a single transverse row of pores only. The first joint or cephalis is usually different from the following, often hemispherical or cap-shaped joints. The last joint is truncate, and has a wide-open mouth. Since the constrictions between the single joints are often very slight, some species are very similar to the Dicyrtid Sethocorys. Etymology: Greek artostrobus = bread-cone" Extra details from original publication Sub-genera described:
Artostrobus (Artostrobus) Haeckel 1887
Artostrobus (Artostrobium) Haeckel 1887
Artostrobus (Artostrobulus) Haeckel 1887
Editors' Notes In description for Dictyomitra read Lithomitra.
Haeckel, E (1887a). Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. 18: 1-1803. gsO
Artostrobus compiled by the radiolaria@mikrotax project teamviewed: 29-5-2023


How Medieval Archers Shot 1000 Arrows in 25 seconds
Danish archer, Lars Andersen, is no stranger to proving what many in the archery world have thought impossible over the years. The dynamic bowman has, for example, proven how to free up bows in midair. He's even demonstrated how to shoot arrows around walls.
Now, Andersen is back with a brand new video showcasing another unbelievable method - One which might have allowed medieval archers to loose a ridiculous number of arrows in an exceptional amount of time.
This interesting and unorthodox tactic is described within a manuscript on Arab archery written during the 1500s.
Within the video Andersen demonstrates his approach to the technique, unleashing 10 arrows at a time in quick succession and describes the technique to be more like that of a shot gun where you get a spray of arrows that seriously increases the chances of getting a hit.
Anderson said: "Power from each arrow is very low but if arrows were poisonous (as many historical arrows were) then arrows hitting in the face or other unprotected areas could be dangerous.
"[And] if the purpose is to spread as many arrows as possible, then you may only need very quickly made [cheap] arrows."
Andersen goes on to say the approach’s damage capabilities are currently unclear and it's debatable whether this technique has any real practical uses beyond being a clever trick due to the lack of precision and velocity.


Background: The World Health Organization estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity. Chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity include cancer, diabetes and coronary heart disease.
Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents.
Search strategy: The search strategy included searching several databases. In addition, reference lists of included articles and background papers were reviewed for potentially relevant studies, as well as references from relevant Cochrane reviews. Primary authors of included studies were contacted as needed for additional information.
Selection criteria: To be included, the intervention had to be relevant to public health practice, implemented, facilitated, or promoted by staff in local public health units, implemented in a school setting and aimed at increasing physical activity, report on outcomes for children and adolescents (aged 6 to 18 years), and use a prospective design with a control group.
Data collection and analysis: Standardized tools were used by two independent reviewers to rate each study's methodological quality and for data extraction. Where discrepancies existed discussion occurred until consensus was reached. The results were summarized narratively due to wide variations in the populations, interventions evaluated and outcomes measured.
Main results: 13,841 titles were identified and screened and 482 articles were retrieved. Multiple publications on the same project were combined and counted as one project, resulting in 395 distinct project accounts (studies). Of the 395 studies 104 were deemed relevant and of those, four were assessed as having strong methodological quality, 22 were of moderate quality and 78 were considered weak. In total 26 studies were included in the review. There is good evidence that school-based physical activity interventions have a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures. Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity, television viewing, VO2 max, and blood cholesterol. Generally school-based interventions had no effect on leisure time physical activity rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and pulse rate. At a minimum, a combination of printed educational materials and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result in positive effects.
Authors' conclusions: Given that there are no harmful effects and that there is some evidence of positive effects on lifestyle behaviours and physical health status measures, ongoing physical activity promotion in schools is recommended at this time.


Patent supplier with stature
Light bulb producers wishing to keep up with the competition needed to innovate. A proper research laboratory was needed in order to develop new products and the accompanying patents guaranteed income.
In 1911, General Electric closed a deal with the German trio AEG, Siemens & Halske, and the Auergesellschaft regarding light bulbs: the Patentgemeinschaft. Philips saw that its share of the European market was in great danger and was forced to turn its eye to the American market. General Electric quickly avoided disaster for itself by offering Philips licenses as well.
During these negotiations, Gerard and Anton Philips, encouraged by the Dutch patent law of 1912, concluded that dependence on other organizations’ knowledge, including patents, was very risky. Imitating General Electric, Philips established its own research laboratory: the Natuurkundig Laboratorium (NatLab).
On January 2, 1914, when Gilles Holst started as the laboratory’s first director, Gerard Philips assigned him to create a physics laboratory and find out as much as possible about the light bulb. The NatLab operated internationally and attracted European celebrities such as the physicist Gustav Hertz to strengthen its academic stature.
How to cite this page
Dirk van Delft, 'Patent supplier with stature', Inventing Europe, http://www.inventingeurope.eu/story/patent-supplier-with-stature
- Boersma, K. Inventing structures for industrial research: a history of the Philips NatLab 1914-1946. Aksant, 2002.
- Vries, M.J. de. 80 years of research at the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium 1914-1994 [with contributions by F. Kees Boersma]. Pallas Publications, 2005.


Global outlook on nutrition and the environment: meeting the challenges of the next millennium
As we enter the new millennium, nearly 800 million of the World’s population will remain chronically malnourished. Nearly 200 million children are moderately to severely underweight, while 70 million are severely malnourished. And those who are yet to be born will be faced with the same set of circumstances that predispose them to malnutrition and its consequences. Eradication of nutritional deficiencies among women and children on a global scale are needed to ensure improved quality of life for the next generation of citizens. Primary deficiencies in vitamin A, iron, iodine, calcium, folic acid and trace elements such as zinc are compounded by pollutants caused by human activity. Environmental lead, arsenic, mercury, and other heavy metals that enter the food chain can seriously deplete body stores of iron, vitamin C and other essential nutrients leading to decreased immune defenses, intrauterine growth retardation, impaired psycho-social faculties and other disabilities associated with malnutrition. Increased susceptibilities to communicable diseases, and those provoked by water or insect borne vectors are additional risks encountered by malnourished individuals. Migration of populations from rural to urban centers and the expansion of major metropolitan areas have had a significant and adverse impact on the quality of life of these citizens. In the next 20 years most of the growth in urban populations will be in Asia and Latin America. Urbanization and the resultant burden on limited national resources is a major contributory factor to malnutrition. There are many other lifestyle-associated disabilities such as use of tobacco (cancer) and alcoholism that require active intervention. Within the family unit, socioeconomic factors and the status of women (literacy, economic independence) are major determinants of the quality of life. In the coming century, the World will have to meet these challenges by careful planning and international cooperation.


Since its launch in 1990, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has made more than 1 million observations — and now scientists want your help to go through them all.
The telescope's operators have launched a contest called Hubble's Hidden Treasures, which asks amateur astronomers around the world to search through the telescope's huge data archives for breathtaking images that have yet to see the light of day. Call it a celestial Easter egg hunt.
To participate, find a suitable dataset in the online Hubble Legacy Archive, edit it using the provided tools and submit the finished product to the Hubble's Hidden Treasures Contest Flickr group. You could win an iPod Touch if your entry dazzles the judges, contest organizers said.
Participants can also process Hubble archive images the same way professionals do, using powerful open-source software called FITS Liberator. Entrants choosing this route can submit their final images to the Hubble's Hidden Treasures Image Processing Contest Flickr group — and get a shot at winning an iPad.
Both parts of the competition end on May 31, officials said.
For more information about the contest, visit the Hidden Treasures webpage at: www.spacetelescope.org/hiddentreasures.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a joint effort between NASA and the European Space Agency and launched in April 1990 aboard a NASA space shuttle. In the 22 years since, Hubble has revolutionized the way humanity views the cosmos.
The telescope's observations revealed, for instance, that the universe is expanding faster than anyone had realized. This finding helped lead astronomers to the probable chief cause of this accelerated expansion — the mysterious "dark energy" that makes up most of our universe.
The telescope has been repaired five times over its long life, but it's expected to keep going strong until at least 2014.
Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.


It’s not everyday that Greg Mankiw and Paul Krugman agree. When they do, it’s worth thinking about. Here are their blog posts: Krugman & Mankiw.
The topic is a Taylor Rule, which is a method, proposed John Taylor, for determining what Fed Policy should be. That is, what is the interest rate that the Fed should be maintaining? There are several versions of the Taylor Rule, and the Fed looks at several of them, but they do not use them to set policy. Why have 300 economists if you could replace them with a rule?
Krugman has been on a bit of a rampage about bond prices, and he uses the Taylor rule to propel his argument that bonds are not overpriced, that is they are not paying too little interest. Mankiw just notes that Krugman is using a Taylor Rule that he, Mankiw, recommended.
I’m interested in the policy implications. The Mankiw Taylor rule currently implies that the optimal Fed Fund Rate should be approximately -6.2 percent. Of course, that’s impossible. So, the Feds Fund Rate is approximately zero.
The inability to have a negative interest rate is dragging our economy down. However, policy makers do have a tool available to them, one that would allow them to overcome the zero lower bound on interest rates. A large investment tax credit would effectively create a negative interest rate for businesses considering investment and expansion, and this is what we need.
Consumers and governments, already overextended, cannot be the source of a robust recovery by continuing debt-fueled consumption. In the end, only technological advances and investment can drive a long-lasting and vigorous recovery. To do that, we need to create an effectively negative interest rate. Without that, Krugman’s forecast of four years of zero interest rates is probably correct, and that implies lots of economic pain.


A collaboration between Natcore Tech and the US Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) has birthed the darkest silicon solar cells in the world. The cells absorb 99.7% of all light that occurs on its surface–only 0.3% of light is reflected. By comparison, most solar cells commercially available today absorb just 95% of incident irradiation. The main advantage of the super-black cells is their ability to perform almost as well in cloudy conditions as in full sunlight. $150,000USD will be invested in the collaborative project, whose aims are to facilitate commercial uptake of the cells by reducing their price tag by 2-3% and to increase the daily solar output of a panel from 3-10% without using the use of solar tracking technology.
Although peak efficiency of the cell, at 18.6%, is not record-setting, its amenability to inclement weather means that it will potentially produce more kilowatt-hours (kWh) of power per day than other cells with nominally higher peak efficiency. “This technology will play an important role in moving forward the availability of solar technologies. It is one more step to help bolster the Department of Energy’s SunShot Initiative to make solar energy cost competitive with other forms of energy by the end of the decade,” said NREL Vice President for Commercialisation & Technology Transfer William Farris said in a press release.
Solar PV cells and modules are becoming increasingly more efficient and cheaper as time passes, due in part to the public and private support provided for research and development into innovations like the super-black silicon solar cells. It is incremental efficiency improvements such as those used here that have enabled polycrystalline silicon to become as efficient as monocrystalline at comparable cost.
Once these technologies become mass-produced and widely available, price points come down and the overall affordability of solar PV comes increases. It is the mass production of solar PV technology that has played a major role in driving down prices to record low levels globally.
Top image via Natcore Technology
© 2012 Solar Choice Pty Ltd


It shouldn’t be normal that Floridians fear the threat of toxic algae in the summer months, just as we nervously watch for the approach of hurricanes — but recent, repeated history has given us good reason to be wary.
Water managers raised the alarm earlier this year, predicting an intense summer algae bloom on Lake Okeechobee due to heavy rainfall from Hurricane Ian that caused the lake to rise, delivering pollution-loaded runoff from the surrounding areas and killing submerged aquatic vegetation.
Last week we saw signs that this unfortunate prediction may come to pass, when a dense bloom of bright green algae was spotted just inside the floodgates at Port Mayaca on the east side of Lake Okeechobee. A daily report generated by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection placed the bloom index identified at Port Mayaca at a 12 — the highest rating — indicating a high-severity bloom larger than a football field. Microcystin toxin levels were 2.8 parts per billion on May 1, below the Environmental Protection Agency’s “too toxic to touch” limit of 8 parts per billion, but a concerning harbinger of what may come this summer.
Thankfully, the gates at Port Mayaca leading to the St. Lucie River were closed at the time the bloom was observed, but with temperatures heating up and the June 1 start of rainy season just around the corner, it’s alarming to see this level of algae activity.
Friends of the Everglades will continue to encourage the Army Corps of Engineers to consider the danger of harmful algal blooms when releasing water from the lake. With this public health threat looming, it’s imperative to assess conditions before water-management decisions are made that could threaten the downstream communities on the east and west coasts.


A new photoelectrochemical etching method was developed and employed for the fabrication of GaN metal-semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs). The unique etching process utilizes a photoresistive mask and a KOH-based etchant. The etching rate of the etchant, with 1.0 mol% of KOH, for n-GaN is as high as 1600 Å/min at a Hg-illumination intensity of 35 mW/cm 2. The fabricated GaN MESFET exhibited a current saturation at V ds = 10 V and a pinch-off at V gs = -3 V. The peak drain current of the device was about 25 mA/mm at 300 K, and the value remained almost same for 500 K operation. The insensitivity of the device performance to temperature was attributed to the defect-related high activation energy of dopants for ionization and to the band-bending at the subgrain boundaries in GaN thin films.
|Journal||Journal of the Korean Physical Society|
|Issue number||SUPPL. 2|
|Publication status||Published - 1999|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


Cybersecurity the most crucial aspect that people should think of while going online. However, most Internet users are ignorant of the issues and risks they could come across when they surf the web.
This situation coupled with their inability to recognize what a cybersecurity breach would look like when hackers execute it. Most times, individuals do not care about the hazards brought by an attack.
In a study by the Pew Research Center, the results revealed that Americans have mixed knowledge regarding cybersecurity. Based on the analysis, the average respondent only answered five out of 13 questions about cybersecurity correctly.
The questions centered on various cybersecurity topics. Out of the thirteen aspects, the highest level of awareness reflects on the ability to distinguish strong passwords and knowledge about the false sense of security regarding password-protected Wifi connections. These two categories yielded 75 percent and 73 percent of the total respondents, respectively.
On the other hand, half of the respondents showed their capability in identifying phishing attacks. The same number also said that they are aware that disabling location settings still allow tracking.
The same study also showed that most people are unaware of botnet and VPN. 73 percent of the respondents said that they do not know what felonies hackers could do using a botnet. Meanwhile, 70 percent answered that using VPN lowers the risk of using unprotected networks.
In another study, it showed that most millennials disregard online security threats. Despite society hailing them as the generation of technology, Marble Security shared that young adults are susceptible to hacking.
In the company’s survey, it revealed that 26.2 percent of young adults experienced hacking through their Internet accounts. Risky online behavior aggravates this situation and increases the chances of another breach. Sharing passwords with people outside the family, plugging a flash drive borrowed from someone, and connecting to public Wifi connections are just some of the dangerous acts listed by cybersecurity companies.
As a move to encourage the youth to participate in cybersecurity awareness initiatives, schools decided to integrate the course into their curriculum. Recently, the University of Sydney collaborated with Australia’s banking sector to teach high schoolers about critical cybersecurity skills.
The program, which starts in October, shall cover the year 7 to 10 curriculum about digital technologies. The team shall use challenges to carry about with the lessons. They shall also utilize real-life situations to encourage the students to think critically and prompt them to think from a breacher’s point of view.


Supplements that many are intaking daily for health may not be suitable for your body. Instead, these supplements may cause cancer. Recent studies show that antioxidants, like dietary supplements, Vitamin E, help spread lung cancer. A researcher from New York University School of Medicine named, Michele Pagano learns that antioxidant neutralizes free radicals during metabolism, and about 30% of cell cancer develop mutations in two genes that regulate antioxidant production. These mutations then prevent the Nrf2 protein which causes tumor build up. Usually, healthy cell employ heme oxygenase-1 or Ho1 enzyme, but due to tumor build-up, it get hijacked, and due to high levels of Nrf2 and antioxidant, this lead to Ho1 to help spread more cancer tumor.
The study on antioxidant supplements is an excellent study to find out because it advises patients like myself about taking vitamin supplements and the effects of not all supplements are suitable for the body.
This article not only shocked me but also scares me. I have been taking vitamins ever since I can remember thinking this would ultimilty help me in the long run, but now figuring out it might be causing cancer cells to grow in my body is CRAZY! Finding data that relates 30% of known cancers back to the two genes that regulate antioxidant production is astonishing. Taking these vitamins might actually be spreading the cancer cells because it's more of the antioxidant which rapidly spreads it faster. It looks like I'll be putting a hold on taking vitamins for a while.
Thank you. -Jennifer Ortiz
This actually crazy to learn. I have always thought that vitamins and antioxidants were our methods of fighting diseases and battling cancer. I guess this leaves me wondering if the mutation might be occurring due to other chemicals that are in supplements or if you can also induce cancer cell growth but eating too much of a food that has a specific vitamin.ReplyDelete


Journal article Open Access
Pickard, Abigail; Thibaut, Jean-Pierre; Lafraire, Jeremie
The present research aims to fill this gap by investigating (i) the development of conceptual food knowledge (both taxonomic and thematic) and (ii) the putative relationship between children’s food rejection (as measured by the Child Food Rejection Scale) and both thematic and taxonomic food knowledge. A proportional (A:B::C:?) analogy task, with a choice between taxonomic (i.e., bread and pasta) and thematic (i.e., bread and butter) food associates, was conducted on children between 3 and 7-years-old (n = 85). The children were systematically presented with either a thematic or taxonomic food base pair (A:B) and then asked to extend the example type of relation to select the respective thematic or taxonomic match to the target (C:?). Our results revealed, for the first time, that increased levels of food rejection were significantly predictive of poorer food identification and decreased thematic understanding. These findings entitle us to hypothesize that knowledge-based food education programs to foster dietary variety in young children, should not only aim to improve taxonomic understanding of food, but also thematic relations.
Pickard, A., Thibaut, J. P., & Lafraire, J. (2021). Strawberries and Cream The Relationship.pdf
|Data volume||17.0 MB|


Canadian Forest Service Publications
Using nested PCR to improve detection of earthworm eDNA in Canada. 2017. Jackson, M.; Myrholm, C.; Shaw, C.; Ramsfield, T. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 113 (2017):215-218.
Issued by: Northern Forestry Centre
Catalog ID: 38720
Availability: PDF (request by e-mail)
Available from the Journal's Web site. †
† This site may require a fee
Earthworms that are invasive to Canada's boreal forest are mainly from the family Lumbricidae and they have the potential to change ecosystem carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Traditional methods used to survey earthworms rely on finding specimens, consume large amounts of time and labour, and are expensive. A sensitive genetic method to detect earthworm DNA in soil would provide a fast, relatively low cost method for earthworm survey. In this study, PCR primers were used to detect earthworm DNA from earthworm tissues and soil samples. Though single PCR yielded only faint signals from soil samples, a nested PCR method allowed strong detection in native and cultivated forest soils, including those archived for more than 30 years, providing a promising technique for genetic monitoring of earthworms in the boreal region of Canada
Plain Language Summary
Earthworms are invasive species in Canada’s boreal forest and have the potential to change ecosystem biodiversity and carbon. Traditional methods used to survey earthworms rely on finding earthworm specimens; these methods consume large amounts of time and labour, and are expensive. A sensitive genetic method to detect earthworm DNA in soil would provide a fast, relatively low-cost method to survey earthworms. In this study, we used a common approach with genetic markers for earthworm tissues and soil samples that only detected a weak signal from soil samples. We then developed a method to increase the strength of the signal from small segments of DNA extracted from the commonly used method, which allowed strong detection from a variety of soil samples. This method provides a promising start for genetic monitoring of earthworms in the boreal region of Canada.


Virtual reality (VR) headsets are devices worn on the head that provide a fully immersive digital experience. They typically consist of a head-mounted display (HMD) with a screen or screens in front of the eyes, and may include built-in headphones and motion tracking sensors. VR headsets can be powered by a computer or console (tethered VR) or have all the necessary hardware and software built-in (standalone VR). The user can look around and interact with the virtual environment, creating the illusion of being present in the digital world. VR technology is used for gaming, simulation, training, and other applications.
“What VR headset do I need?” is a frequently asked question in VR land. However, answering this question is not as easy as you might think. Do you use the VR headsets to play VR games or do you want to use the glasses with groups to watch 360 videos for example? But also the fact whether you have a PC or not, and whether cables are desirable or not, is important to include in your judgment of the right VR glasses.
In general, there are two types of VR:
- Standalone VR: Headsets such as Quest 2, HTC VIVE Focus or Pico 4
- PC VR: Headsets such as HTC VIVE, Oculus Rift S., HP Reverb G2, Valve Index
Standalone VR refers to virtual reality headsets that do not require a connection to a computer or a console to function. These headsets have all the necessary hardware and software built-in, allowing for a more self-contained and portable VR experience. Examples of standalone VR headsets include the Pico® 4, Meta® Quest 2 and the HTC Vive Focus.
PC-powered VR, also known as tethered VR, refers to virtual reality headsets that require a connection to a computer or a console in order to function. These headsets typically have more advanced hardware and software than standalone VR devices, allowing for a more powerful and immersive VR experience. However, the user must be tethered to the computer or console via a cable, limiting their mobility. Examples of PC-powered VR headsets include the Oculus Rift, the HTC Vive, and the Valve Index.


What are cookies?
A cookie is a small text file which a webpage adds to your computer (or another device) via the browser when you visit the webpage. Cookies allow a webpage to recognise and remember your computer or device. As a result, it is easier and more convenient for your computer to load the webpage. Every time you visit our webpage, the browser sends that file to the webpage server.
What types of cookies are used on webpages?
- Session cookies which are deleted automatically after every visit.
• Permanent cookies which are stored upon repeated use of the webpage.
• Third party cookies are cookies used by the webpages of partners added or linked on our webpages. We do not control the creation of such cookies and therefore you can get information about such cookies from third parties.


Whether you read off the staff or off lead sheets, you’ve probably read music based on someone else’s notation. Notating music can be an incredibly valuable skill for any musician, whether you are a songwriter, composer, or performer. Notation is a way to capture musical ideas and communicate them to others in a universal language. Here are some reasons why you should consider learning how to notate music:
Preserving Your Ideas
By notating music, you can ensure that your musical ideas are preserved for future reference. Whether it’s a melody, chord progression, or entire song, writing it down means you won’t forget it.
Notation provides a clear and consistent way to communicate musical ideas with others. If you’re working with other musicians, producers, or arrangers, being able to communicate your ideas effectively can save time and lead to better results.
Broaden Your Opportunities
Many opportunities in the music industry require a basic understanding of music notation. If you’re interested in pursuing a career in music, learning how to read and write music can open up a range of possibilities.
Better Understanding of Music Theory
By learning how to notate music, you’ll also gain a better understanding of music theory. You’ll begin to see the patterns and relationships between notes, chords, and rhythms, which can help you write better songs and compositions.
If you want to collaborate with other musicians, it’s important to be able to notate your ideas. By writing down your music, you can easily share your ideas with others and work together to create something great.
If you are looking for a program to notate your lead sheets, MelodyStudio is a fantastic resource for songwriters. With its easy-to-use interface, you can quickly create lead sheets that accurately represent the melody, chords, and lyrics of your song. By using MelodyStudio, you can save yourself the time and hassle of trying to notate your music by hand, allowing you to focus on the creative process of songwriting.
Overall, notating music can be a valuable skill for any musician. By notating your ideas, you can ensure that they are preserved for future reference, communicate more effectively with other musicians, and open up a range of opportunities in the music industry. So why not give it a try?


These are among the most spectacular waterfalls in the world. The Zambezi River, which is more than 2 km wide at this point, plunges noisily down a series of basalt gorges and raises an iridescent mist that can be seen more than 20 km away.
The Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls is the world’s greatest sheet of falling water and significant worldwide for its exceptional geological and geomorphological features and active land formation processes with outstanding beauty attributed to the falls i.e. the spray, mist and rainbows. This transboundary property extends over 6860 ha and comprises 3779 ha of the Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park (Zambia), 2340 ha of Victoria Falls National Park (Zimbabwe), 741 ha of the riverine strip of Zambezi National Park (Zimbabwe). A riverine strip of the Zambezi National Park extending 9 km west along the right bank of the Zambezi and islands in the river are all within the Park as far as Palm and Kandahar Islands, with the Victoria Falls being one of the major attractions. The waterfall stands at an altitude of about 915 m above mean sea level (a.m.s.l.) and spans to about 1708 m wide with an average depth of 100 m and the deepest point being 108 m. Sprays from this giant waterfall can be seen from a distance of 30 km from the Lusaka road, Zambia and 50 km from Bulawayo road, Zimbabwe. Basalts have been cut by a river system producing a series of eightspectacular gorges that serve as breeding sites for four species of endangered birds. The basalts of the Victoria Falls World Heritage property are layered unlike those of the Giants Causeway World Heritage site which are vertical and columnar.
Find more at http://goo.gl/LFLsIO


In response to an explosion in the population of wild kangaroos in Australia, environmental experts believe there may be only one solution: people need to eat them.
The strange call to action comes as the number of kangaroos in the country has reached nearly 50 million, meaning that there are now almost two of the creatures for every human living in Australia, which boasts a population of around 27 million.
An increased amount of available food for the animals, due to favorable weather conditions, is being blamed for the skyrocketing number of kangaroos, which increased by an astounding 23 million in just seven years.
In turn, ecologists say that the most sensible and pragmatic way to stop the country from being overrun by kangaroos is for Australians to begin incorporating the animal into their menu at home.
However, getting people in Australia to eat kangaroos is easier said than done as the animal is seen a a beloved icon of the country and, therefore, to feast on the creature would be rather taboo.
Additionally, eating kangaroo meat is perceived by residents as something tourists visiting the country do for thrills and not something that ‘real’ Australians partake in at dinner time.
Nonetheless, experts warn that the growing number of kangaroos in the country threaten to seriously disrupt farmlands and potentially pose a threat to people in suburban areas who may encounter the wild animals.
Meanwhile, some Australians claim that the creatures have simply had a lucky break these last few years and that the population will likely plummet by the millions when Australia has drought-like conditions in the future.
To that end, they note that the kangaroo population was a mere seven million just ten years ago and so any drastic attempt to cull the creatures could prove to be an ill-conceived idea in the future.
While that may be the case, residents of the island nation may want to consider changing their eating habits for now. l
Otherwise, should the kangaroo population grow even larger, we’re guessing that the multitude of marsupials will have less qualms about eating humans than people do about eating them.
Source: BBC News / abc.net.au


Monument 2: John Morgan and Sir William Morgan
This very fine marble pedimented double monument, the largest in the chapel is 8 feet (2440mm) wide and 15 feet (4600mm) tall and bears two large white Carrara marble cambered-headed plaques with extensive inscriptions. These are bordered with arched frames of rich grey veined marble, with a cherub’s head. At each side are Corinthian columns of brecciated marble, similar to Breccia di Seravezza found in Tuscany which support the triangular pediment with its further winged cherub.
Above the pediment is a large carved marble shield decorated with Morgan and Cavendish arms. This is flanked by two supporters which are servants with gilded hunting horns. The central shield is painted and gilded, as are the visor and collar of the armorial ‘helm’ and the stags head above. Either side of the pediment is a flame finial, with their bases decorated with acanthus leaves.
The plain base supports a moulded plinth course and low-level frieze with a central shield and ornately carved white statuary marble panels and finely carved frieze blocks on each side.
The monument is bordered by a thick black mourning band painted on the wall and the golden urns have shadows painted on the wall behind. These features were only discovered during conservation works in 2020.
To learn more about John Morgan Esq. and his wife Martha click here
To learn more about Sir William Morgan and his wife Lady Rachel Martha click here


Franklin Pierce: Life in Brief
Franklin Pierce, the 14th President of the United States, came to office during a period of growing tension between the North and South. A politician of limited ability, Pierce was behind one of the most crucial pieces of legislation in American history. Although he did not author the Kansas-Nebraska Act, he did encourage its passage by Congress. And that piece of legislation set the nation on its path to civil war.
Like many American politicians, Franklin Pierce's career was aided by his father, a two-term governor of New Hampshire. Before he was thirty, Franklin Pierce had served in the New Hampshire legislature and had been elected to the U.S. Congress where he served as both a congressman and senator. Bored and lonely in Washington, the young congressman developed a drinking problem and a reputation as a gossipy Washington insider. In an attempt to settle down, the handsome, socially gregarious Pierce married Jane Means Appleton. Jane Pierce was her husband's opposite; she was painfully shy, deeply religious, often in bad health, and a strong advocate of the temperance movement. She detested Washington and refused to live there, even after Pierce became a U.S. senator in 1837. Indeed, Jane's disgust with the political life in Washington must have been behind Pierce's decision to resign from the Senate in 1841. Subsequently, Franklin Pierce served in the Mexican-American War, and in something of a surprise was elected President in 1852. After his presidency he retired to Concord, New Hampshire, where he died in 1869.


In this age, everybody is aware of the importance of education. Basic
education is important for everyone whether they want to use it for
developing their or just for sake of learning. However, higher education
is not for everyone. Some people are not inclined to spend time in
pursuing higher education due to involvement in some other vocations and
some other people are not blessed enough to pursue Higher Education
because either lack of money or time. However, some people who want to
pursue higher education but do not have resources can now earn higher
degrees with the help of higher education.
Let us count on the advantages of distance learning courses. Distance learning
course offer advantages to those have some kind of time, money or
physical limitations. Through distance learning courses, you can learn
and earn degrees without attending actual classroom. They can study
within their homes with the help of the course material, which they
receive via post, or online study material these days. Distance
learning courses provide an opportunity to learn to those working
professionals who want to widen their knowledge base. Though students
can attend classes at regular intervals, those are optional. The study
material for this course is designed with great techniques and
methodically to give the students complete flexibility to learn on their
Distance learning course help curb the problem of
illiteracy in our country as it has less infrastructural requirements.
In fact, this course targets those who has will to study but have lesser
resources. These courses are very less expensive as compared to usual
courses. Moreover, working people find it very suitable as they can
study at flexible hours according to their convenience. You
can search online for finding variety of courses according to your
requirements and choices. Many universities across the world are
providing several courses in different fields. You can get the list of
these Distance Learning Courses online.
The downside of distance learning it that some subjects, like gardening and agriculture would be difficult to teach via distance learning.
Distance Learning Courses, Distance Learning, Learning Courses, Higher Education


Wide Selection Cable Sleeves For Almost All Applications & Sizes
Cable sleeving is a type of material that is used to cover electrical cables and wires in order to protect them and improve their appearance. This type of material is typically made from a flexible and durable material, such as plastic or fabric, and is designed to be easily installed over a cable or wire. There are several different types of cable sleeving available, including braided, expandable, and mesh styles. Braided cable sleeving is made from interwoven strands of material, which provides a strong and durable covering for cables. Expandable cable sleeving is made from a material that can be stretched to fit over a cable, and then contracts to hold it securely in place. Mesh cable sleeving is a type of sleeving that is made from a mesh-like material, which allows for the passage of air and provides a protective covering for cables. Cable sleeving is used for a variety of purposes, including protecting cables from damage, improving their appearance, and reducing the risk of electrical fires. By covering cables with a protective sleeve, it can help to prevent them from being damaged by abrasion or other mechanical forces. In addition, cable sleeving can improve the appearance of cables by providing a neat and organized appearance, which can be especially important in environments where cables are visible. Furthermore, cable sleeving can help to reduce the risk of electrical fires by providing an additional layer of insulation around the cables. This can help to prevent the cables from overheating and potentially catching fire, which can be a major safety concern in environments where electrical equipment is in use. In conclusion, cable sleeving is a type of material that is used to cover electrical cables and wires in order to protect them and improve their appearance. It is made from a flexible and durable material, and is available in different styles to suit a variety of applications. By using cable sleeving, it is possible to protect cables from damage, improve their appearance, and reduce the risk of electrical fires.


Reduce, Reuse, & Recycle
The Dakota County Recycling Guide is an A-Z listing of ways to help residents recycle, reuse or dispose of items such as electronics, appliances, batteries, recyclables, yard and tree waste, or household hazardous waste.
All residents and commercial properties, including multifamily, in Dakota County must recycle a designated list of materials and all haulers serving Dakota County must accept these items.
Follow these rules to ensure your recycling gets recycled:
- Do not use plastic bags. Place recyclables loose in your recycling cart or in a paper bag.
- Empty and dry bottles, jars and containers. They don't have to be perfect — just free of most residue.
- Leave caps on containers.
- Empty and flatten boxes.
- Check the Recycling Guide if you are not sure about an item.
Put these items in your recycling
- Newspaper and inserts
- Magazines and catalogs
- Mail and office papers
- Corrugated cardboard
- Paperboard (e.g., cracker boxes)
- Milk and juice cartons
- Soup, broth, and wine cartons
- Juice boxes
- Aluminum, tin, and steel cans
Glass bottles and jars
Plastic bottles, containers and jugs
- Containers numbered 1, 2 or 5
- Soda, juice and water bottles
- Milk and juice jugs
- Margarine, cottage cheese, cream cheese and other tubs and lids
- Laundry detergent bottles and jugs
- Clear berry and produce containers
DO NOT put these items in your recycling cart
- Food and liquids
- Paper plates, cups, and napkins
- Plastic bags and wrap
- Shredded paper
- Tanglers (e.g., chains, extension cords, hoses, string lights)


The scimitar oryx strikes back
The scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) is a member of the subfamily Hippotraginae (the “horse antelopes”), one of the subfamilies included in the ruminant family Bovidae (which includes the domestic varieties of cows, goats, and sheep). The assembly of the sable antelope, another member of this subfamily, was previously published by the DNA Zoo. The scimitar-horned oryx may be the source of the unicorn myth in antiquity!
At one time, scimitar-horned oryx migrated widely across the grassy steppes of the Sahel and edges of the Sahara Desert in north Africa. This species displays adaptive hyperthermia, as animals can tolerate internal temperatures of 116ºF, which helps them to conserve water in their desert environment. Due to over-hunting and habitat loss, the species was declared “Extinct in the Wild” in 2000 by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, a designation that remains to this day.
However, through successful global captive breeding and management efforts, and led by the Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi and the Sahara Conservation Fund, scimitar-horned oryx were reintroduced back into the wild in Chad in 2016, with additional individuals returned in 2017 and 2018. Calves have been born and the population is slowly growing, with the hope that there will be large enough numbers of scimitar-horned oryx so that they become independent of human care. You can learn more about The Scimitar-horned Oryx Reintroduction Program in Chad at the Sahara Conservation Fund website.
Today, we share the chromosome-length assembly for the scimitar-horned oryx. The draft assembly for this release was generated using 10x Genomics linked-read sequencing and Supernova version 2.0 using genetic material from a male individual from the captive herd at the National Zoological Park – Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Virginia, USA. The Hi-C upgrade was based on a female sample from the same herd. We hope the new chromosome-length assembly will serve as a foundation for genomic research aimed at the conservation of both captive and reintroduced populations of this iconic antelope species. Find out more about the assembly and its use in our recent preprint (Humble et al., 2019)!


Maddie standing on a full dam with equipment ready to measure
Sierra Nevada AmeriCorps Partnership (SNAP) member Maddie Page, with her host site American Rivers, prepared the data and led the beaver dam monitoring in Faith Valley and Hope Valley meadows in June 2022. These meadows are located in the Carson Watershed in Humbolt-Toiyabe National Forest.
Faith Valley flowers, showing the plant biodiversity and how beautiful meadow ecosystems are
Beavers play an essential role in these meadows by building dams, expanding channels, and widening the natural floodplain. American Rivers has been monitoring beavers at these sites for many years. With the help of a SNAP member from Alpine Watershed Group, they measured dams, lodges, and partial structures in the two meadows. They collected information on these structures’ size, activity, ponding, photos, and GPS points. After the fieldwork, Maddie compiled all the data and updated the structure maps in GIS to represent the new data.
This is a beaver lodge, the structure beavers build to live in with the opening underwater to protect themselves from predators
Faith Valley and Hope Valley meadows are just two of the many meadow restoration projects American Rivers is involved with throughout the Sierra. American Rivers Headwaters Conservation Program works across the Sierra Nevada and foothills to improve California’s watersheds’ health and integrated management by focusing on river, meadow, forest, and road restoration.
Healthy meadows benefit people, wildlife, and rivers by acting as natural reservoirs that give rain, snow, and runoff the chance to slow down, spread out, and sink into the soil, filtering and storing water. Meadows can act as fuel breaks, slow down fire, and are essential for plant and wildlife biodiversity.
Maddie measuring a dam to get its height. They measured height, length, water depth, and noted activity and ponding.
Meadows are an integral part of the environment. American Rivers is working to restore the health of mountain meadows to help ensure that California rivers and water supply will be resilient for years to come.
Please visit their website to learn more about Maddie and American Rivers’ work to protect meadows.


Artificial intelligence, or AI, can play a key role in the future of e commerce. It can automate customer service interactions, help move customers through the sales funnel, and offer personalized recommendations based on the purchase history of lookalike customers. Currently, websites use machine learning to analyze purchase history, which allows them to provide a more personalized experience for customers. They can also use this information to implement a marketing campaign, optimize pricing, and develop personalized offers based on the customer’s preferences.
In the present, cybercriminals actively roam the Internet looking for vulnerable targets and stealing information. Payment gateways and customer data systems are among their favourite targets. AI can identify and respond to real-time network irregularities, allowing e-commerce companies to improve their overall security. Additionally, AI can identify threats and take intelligent actions in case of an attack. AI is poised to help e-commerce businesses make their business more secure and profitable.
The future of AI in e commerce is bright. As the internet continues to grow and develop, AI can be used to personalize e-commerce services and recommend items based on consumer data and search history. With this, retailers can improve their online experience and drive sales. There are many more applications for AI in e-commerce than simply personalizing customer experiences. AI has already helped countless businesses by automating human tasks that would otherwise require a great deal of human input.


Pharmacist jobs are one of the most common and well-known jobs in pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacists are experts on drugs and they are licensed to offer advice to patients and even physicians on what drugs to prescribe. They are commonly employed in drug stores and in hospitals. This position requires a degree in pharmacy and a license to be able to practice in the field.
Research and development is considered to be the heart and soul of the pharmaceutical industry. This is because no drug is made, released and approved for consumption without appropriate research and clinical testing. Researchers can be chemists, medical professionals, medical scientists, technicians, and research assistants, among others. Researchers are responsible in creating new dosage forms and specifications, analyzing and studying the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of a particular medicine, and assisting in clinical trails of new drugs.
The amount of data involved in extensive researches such as the ones done in the pharmaceutical industry will always require a different group of people to collate and manage all the data obtained from the study. Hence, data managers are also required in the pharmaceutical industry.
Quality Control Personnel
Quality control personnel are responsible for ensuring that the manufactured products are of top grade. They also make sure that these products comply with the necessary regulations before they are distributed out into the market. Most of these quality control procedures are dictated by both the government agencies and the manufacturer themselves. Quality control jobs in pharmaceutical companies can range from managerial positions to quality control associates.
These people are responsible for the actual manufacturing process of medicines and other pharmaceutical products. Positions in the manufacturing sector can vary as well. The processing operator for instance, is responsible for dispensing raw materials required for the manufacturing process. The processing officer on the other hand, is tasked to monitor the entire manufacturing process. There are also personnel who are responsible for packaging and stacking of the finished products. Requirements for these job positions can range as well - some requiring a formal degree while some don't require higher education at all.
Although distributors are not involved in the manufacturing of the drugs per se, they are involved in the transport and the delivery of finished products. Distributors can range from drivers to the delivery personnel.
These abovementioned jobs are now considered to be highly sought after positions in the job market. The variations of jobs in pharmaceutical companies have indeed made it one of the most lucrative industries that you can venture into today.


JES Students Learn, Present History
Third-grade students at Jones Elementary (JES) set up a live museum to teach fellow students about Black History. Now in its eighth year, students look forward to participating in the Black History Gallery Walk. For the museum, students created poster presentations about a famous leader of Black History. JES Teacher Nicolle Granderson first came up with the idea of the gallery walk as a way to expose students to history in an engaging way.
“History is very important and I wanted a way for students to gain exposure to the rich history of Black Americans and their accomplishments,” Granderson said. “This project allowed students to work across-curriculum in reading, writing, and social studies. They also learned how to research and compile information.”
Students had a month to research and prepare for the live museum. To begin, students submitted their top three choices of historical figures who positively impacted Black History that they wanted to cover. From there, they were assigned a person. The majority of the projects were completed at home with the help of parents and families. Students shared all the stories of their subject on a tri-fold poster board accompanied by an oral presentation.
“The gallery walk serves as a platform for the students to have a voice. Their pride was evident when they submitted their projects, and it was very touching,” Granderson said. “They all realized they had completed something very special and it is also a way for students to communicate orally to parents, students, and teachers. Given the opportunity that this experience provides, students excel and shine in ways never seen before.”
On the day of the gallery walk, JES opened the museum for students, staff, and families to experience. Hallways were filled with people listening as students gave their presentations. Many third-grade students dressed as their subject.
“So many parents and grandparents who visited the museum were in awe and personally thanked me for allowing their children to experience such an impactful event,” Granderson said.


Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for overall health and wellbeing. It helps the body absorb calcium, which is necessary for developing and maintaining healthy bones. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties and plays a role in regulating the immune system, allowing the body to better fight off diseases, including arthritis. Vitamin D is produced by the body when exposed to sunlight.
It can also be found in certain foods, such as fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified dairy products. Vitamin D supplements are also available for those who don't get enough of it from their diet. Studies have shown that vitamin D can help reduce inflammation in the joints. This is especially beneficial for those suffering from arthritis, as inflammation is one of the main symptoms of the condition.
Vitamin D can also help reduce pain and stiffness in the joints, allowing people to move more freely and comfortably. In addition to reducing inflammation, vitamin D can also help strengthen bones and muscles. This is especially important for those with arthritis, as weak bones and muscles can make it difficult to move around. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is essential for strong bones and muscles.
Vitamin D can also help improve overall health by boosting the immune system. This can help protect against infections and other illnesses that can worsen joint inflammation. Vitamin D also helps regulate hormones, which can help reduce stress levels and improve mood.Overall, vitamin D is an important nutrient for joint health. It helps reduce inflammation, strengthen bones and muscles, and boost the immune system.
Those with arthritis should make sure they are getting enough vitamin D from their diet or through supplements.


“Keep them still! Don’t let them move… if they turn their head an inch, they’ll be paralysed.”
-Dr Longheld Dogma
Protection of the cervical spine has been a bedrock of trauma care. This has traditionally been accomplished by strapping patients to backboards and the application of properly fitted cervical collars.
But these collars are uncomfortable, have potential harms and can make cooperative patients rather uncooperative.
Of course we can rest easy in the knowledge that the original randomised controlled trials (RCT's) of the cervical collar took this all into account.
What…there is no good quality evidence that the c-collars do anything?!?
Surely there must at least be a large body of observational literature to suggest they work? Heck, we’ve been using them for decades!
These authors sought to definitively answer the latter question.
They conducted a thorough literature review to find cases of neurologic deterioration in the early care of blunt spinal trauma.
In the end, they found only 41 cases from 12 papers. The quality of the evidence was “extremely low.” They conclude the following:
No reports were found of sudden, movement-provoked deterioration during the prehospital interval; this remains an unpublished phenomenon if not a medical myth. Overall, since many of these events described are consistent with the natural history of disease, it is unclear how often deterioration may be causally linked with patient movement and furthermore whether such events are preventable by motion restriction.
On the flip side, one might argue that lack of evidence does not equate to lack of efficacy. After all, these collars have not truly been studied. In addition, there may have been negative reporting bias of bad outcomes.
What should we conclude? I think you can make up your own mind… hopefully not while strapped to a collar.
Oto B, Corey DJ, Oswald J, et al. Early Secondary NeurologicDeterioration After Blunt Spinal Trauma: A Review of the Literature. Acad EmergMed. 2015;22:1200-12.
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Citizen science and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Created Oct. 26, 2021, 12:21 a.m.
Updated Oct. 26, 2021, 12:21 a.m.
Peer-reviewed article published in Nature Sustainability on the potential of citizen science to contribute data for monitoring progress on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper grew out of a workshop held at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) from 3 to 5 October 2018 and describes current examples of citizen science data being used for SDG monitoring, potential areas that citizen science projects could contribute, and provides a roadmap to increase the use of citizen science data in areas where more data is needed.
|Authors:||Sven Schade; Margaret Gold; Steffen Fritz; Linda See; Tyler Carlson; Mordechai (Muki) Haklay; Jessie L. Oliver; Dilek Fraisl; Rosy Mondardini; Martin Brocklehurst; Lea A. Shanley; Uta Wehn; Tommaso Abrate; Janet Anstee; Stephan Arnold; Matthew Billot; Jillian Campbell; Jessica Espey; Gerid Hager; Shan He; Libby Hepburn; Angel Hsu; Deborah Long; Joan Masó; Ian McCallum; Maina Muniafu; Inian Moorthy; Michael Obersteiner; Alison J. Parker; Maike Weisspflug; Sarah West;|
|Publisher:||Nature Sustainability, Springer Nature|
|Year of publication:||2019|
|License:||Copyright © 2019, Springer Nature, https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Citizen%20sci|


Do you live with respect?
Fist things first, you need to respect yourself. How people treat you is often reflected of how you present and treat yourself. So if you present yourself as not important, people will treat you that way.
The opposite is also true. If you respect yourself and present yourself as someone with confidence and meaning, you’ll see that others will respond the same.
Respect is something we all deserve. Respect should be mindfully given. The golden rule is to treat people the way you want to be treated. The problem is, not all people like to be tested the same way. There is another rule that takes the golden rule a step further. The platinum rule: treat people the way they want to be treated.
There are times when you will not be respected, and it’s important to understand if it’s just your perception or if the intent is deliberate disrespect. If it is the latter, don’t waste your time with that person. If you can’t avoid them, look to conflict resolution.
No one likes to be disrespected. Be mindful of your actions to others and communicate clearly. Oftentimes, when someone feels disrespected, it’s just miscommunication. Likewise, if you feel disrespected, make it clear that’s how you feel. Often, the other person doesn’t realize because they were not being mindful.
Live your life with respect and be respectful to others and yourself! You’ll be amazed at how many people will appreciate this and be more helpful to you!
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Such an important thought. As they say “Learn to earn respect.”
Respect has to be earned and it is earned through being transparent to yourself and others.


Starting with the skin cells of mice in vitro Hayashi , created a primordial germ cells (PGCs), which can develop into both sperm and eggs. To prove that these laboratory-grown versions were truly similar to naturally occurring PGCs, he used them to create eggs, then used those eggs to create live mice. The results were published in the Scientific American Magazine.
He calls the live births a mere ´side effect´ of the research, but that bench experiment became much more, because it raised the prospect of creating fertilizable eggs from the skin cells of infertile women. And it also suggested that men´s skin cells could be used to create eggs, and that sperm could be generated from women´s cells.
Despite the innovative nature of the research, the public attention surprised Hayashi and his senior professor, Mitinori Saitou. They have spent more than a decade piecing together the subtle details of mammalian gamete production and then recreating that process in vitro.
Their method now allows researchers to create unlimited primordial germ cells (PGCs), which were previously difficult to obtain, and this regular supply of treasured cells has helped to drive the study of mammalian reproduction. But as they push forward with the scientifically challenging transition from mice to monkeys and humans, they are setting the course for the future of infertility treatments — and perhaps even bolder experiments in reproduction. Scientists and the public are just starting to grapple with the associated ethical issues.
When news of the research broke it brought hope for infertile couples. The results also raised speculation between gay couples that understood that they could have children that are genetically related to two men, or two women.


Wellbeing Resources Zone
Wellbeing and Mental Health Resources for Children, Young People, Families and Professionals
Mental health and emotional wellbeing are key areas of concern to schools, in addition to their other responsibilities.
Despite this schools can adopt a whole school approach to emotional wellbeing and there are a range of resources out there to help you on your way that are continually being updated
Coronavirus School Toolkit
Mentally Healthy Schools Coronavirus Toolkit #1
Mentally Healthy Schools Coronavirus Toolkit #2
Online Resources to Support Schools
A large array of resources to help primary schools understand and promote children's mental health and wellbeing.
Developed in partnership with the Greater London Authority to give information and guidance to schools on how to promote mental health and emotional wellbeing
A range of resources on mental health and emotional wellbeing for children and young people.
Improving society by strengthening the quality of relationships in schools by applying Relational Thinking
Restorative Practice in Schools
A restorative school is one that takes a restorative approach to resolving conflict and preventing harm. Restorative approaches enable those who have been harmed to convey the impact to those responsible, those responsible to hear it and steps taken to resolve it.
International Positive Education Network (IPEN)
Free Resources to support schools
PAC Educational Resources to Support Adopted Children.
Trauma Informed Schools Resources
Training to Support Schools to Support Children
Trauma Informed Schools and Communities
Train to become a trauma informed practitioner for your school to support children and young people.
Free educational resource for any and all who work with children and young people and are concerned about supporting their mental health. Short courses on a range of topics
Nasen: Helping Everybody Achieve
Nasen is dedicated to supporting children with SEND to achieve their potential by schools doing their very best to meet their needs. Provides online training on a range of topics to promote best practice
Nurture UK is dedicated to improving the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people and removing barriers to learning by promoting nurture in education
Dr Pooky Knightsmith: Mental Health in Schools
A collection of videos aimed at school staff around supporting children's mental health and emotional wellbeing in school
A huge range of open and in house training for school staff on a wide range of areas relating to education. Over 150 courses


5G and Beyond: The Next Generation of Communication
In today’s fast-paced world, communication is critical, and technology has been the driving force behind it. The advent of wireless technology and smartphones has made it possible for people to stay connected, no matter where they are. However, with the rise of data-hungry applications and the Internet of Things (IoT), the current 4G network is struggling to keep up with the demand.
This is where 5G comes in – the next generation of communication technology that promises to offer faster speeds, higher bandwidth, and lower latency. With 5G networks, it will be possible to transmit large amounts of data in real-time, enabling faster downloads, improved streaming, and enhanced communication between devices.
The 5G network is designed to support a variety of applications, from simple messaging to complex IoT devices. It’s not just about improving your smartphone experience but also about enabling new technologies that will transform industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation.
For example, with 5G, doctors can perform remote surgeries, factories can run fully automated production lines, and self-driving cars can navigate safely and efficiently. In addition, the 5G network will also provide enhanced security and privacy measures to protect users’ data.
But 5G is just the beginning; the next generation of communication technology goes even further. Beyond 5G, we have the potential for faster speeds, higher capacity, and more seamless connectivity. This includes 6G, which researchers are already working on, and could offer data speeds up to 1 terabyte per second.
The benefits of these faster speeds and more comprehensive networks could be revolutionary. Industries such as gaming, virtual reality, and augmented reality could see a significant advancement, allowing for more immersive experiences. Advanced machine learning algorithms can also benefit from the faster data transfer rate, leading to more in-depth analysis.
Beyond that, new technologies such as holographic communication and augmented reality interfaces could become more common. These technologies can enable people to work together in real-time across geographical and language barriers, opening up new possibilities for collaboration on a global scale.
In conclusion, the next generation of communication technology is exciting. The 5G network offers the potential to transform industries and enable new technologies, while beyond 5G, we can expect even faster speeds, higher capacity, and more comprehensive connectivity. This will herald in a new era of communication technology that will fundamentally change the way we communicate, work, and live.


In the world of printers there are two significant types: Inkjet and Laser. While there are various other subcategories for every kind, these are the significant differences. Each printer utilizes a various kind of cartridge to make them run: for an Inkjet printer you require an ink cartridge, for a laser printer you require a oki mc853 toner cartridge.
Inkjet printers are the more typically made use of printer, because of the reality that they are typically a number of times cheaper than a printer. One downside to inkjet printers, however, is that the cartridge will certainly require to be changed more frequently than with the printer toner cartridge of a laser printer.
When publishing with a typical inkjet printer, ink is moved from the cartridge and also very carefully related to the paper, to create whatever text, images, etc the print work asks for. The ink itself is in a fluid kind, and thus one risk is that the ink might run out. For many modern-day ink this is not a significant issue unless the printer hinges on disuse for prolonged time periods.
A cartridge is basically just a little box that holds the ink. They are generally rather small in size as well as rectangle-shaped fit. Nonetheless, as each printer holds its cartridges in a different way, the exact shapes and size will vary.
A fairly new sort of ink printer is the strong ink printer. As the name recommends these printers utilize a specifically created strong form which is after that essentially melted onto the web page as printing calls for. Solid ink printers do not call for a cartridge instead the ink is available in strong sticks that are put straight in the printer.
Unlike inkjet printers, laser printers do not use ink, they make use of a special powder referred to as hp laserjet p1102w toner, like is used in a photocopier. Laser printers are several times a lot more costly than their inkjet equivalents, but print much more quickly and also quietly.
Although a printer toner cartridge will normally last a lot longer than a cartridge, they do ultimately run out of powder as well as should be replaced. Toner cartridges are much larger than ink cartridges, typically practically as long as the printer itself.


Diagnosis of Overtraining and Overreaching Syndrome in Athletes.
Overtraining (OT) is one of the most popular topics between coaches and researchers. The problem of this syndrome has been well-known for 70-years, however, the mechanism that induces OT remains unclear.1-3 Many recent papers have referred to the work of Kreider et al4 for the definitions of overreaching (OR) and OT.
An accumulation of training and/or non-training stress resulting in short-term decrement in performance capacity with or without related physiological and psychological signs and symptoms of maladaptation in which restoration of performance capacity may take from several days to several weeks.
For example, the recovery from OT syndrome (OTS) may require weeks to months while for OR resolved within days to weeks. Several psychological disturbances such as psychosocial stressors, sleep disorders and illness, decreased vigor, increased fatigue and reduced performance and the athletes will need weeks or months to recover.
OT or OR is recurrent problem and is often observed in high performance athletes and in different sports. More especially, studies have reported that the symptoms of OTS appeared in >60% of distance runners during their athletic careers, >50% of professional soccer players during a 5-month competitive season, and 33% of basketball players during a 6-week training camp.
In the study of Hedelin et al.12 examined overtrained athletes and found a decrease resting heart rate (-4.8%). Compared with normally subjects, the overtrained subjects had an increase in high-frequency and total power in the lying position during intensified training, which decreased after recovery.
Sport Exerc Med Open J. 2018; 4(3): 74-76. doi: 10.17140/SEMOJ-4-165


Year 6 Homework Expectations
Year 6 children are expected to read at home for 30 minutes each day to ensure they make good progress. The children are able to sign and comment on their own reading records but it is great to see a parent's comment at least once a week. Make sure the reading records come into school every day to be ticked off on the reading chart. Children are given an opportunity to change their reading books, independently when they have finished a book. Children need to gain twenty ticks on the reading chart to go to the school library.
Spellings will be sent home weekly for children to practice, they will go home on a Friday. We will test the children on these each Friday. Each week there will be a different spelling pattern. It is important that the children practise these in sentences as well as on their own.
Each Friday a sheet of maths questions will be sent home, in the Autumn term we will be focusing on arithmetic skills. Each week will have a different focus but everything will have already been taught in school and the homework is there for consolidation.
Each week the children take part in a five minute timed, times table test (Club 60/20). We encourage you to practise the times tables at home to ensure the children pass the 60/20 test.
Each half term the children will have a homework grid with 9 pieces of topic homework to complete. Children are expected to complete a minimum of 6 tasks over the half term. Children will receive team points when they bring the completed homework into class. We look forward to seeing all the lovely homework.


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During a stroke, brain cells do not get the oxygen they need. This causes brain cells to die. The effects of a stroke depend on where in the brain it occurs and how much cell death it causes.
Once you have had a stroke, you are likely to have another one.¹ You have the power to reduce that risk. The American Stroke Association suggests eating healthy meals, taking your medicines as prescribed, and being as physically active as you are able.² Keep in mind that lifestyle changes will not close your PFO.Learn how PFO closure reduces risk
High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for stroke. Work with your health care provider to bring your blood pressure to goal.
Have your cholesterol checked regularly. Medication and healthy lifestyle habits can help lower your cholesterol levels.
Have your blood sugar tested. Some people have diabetes, and don’t know it until something, like a stroke, happens.
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of stroke. If you smoke, talk with your health care provider about how to quit.
Physical activity reduces the risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and maybe a stroke itself. It can also improve recovery. Your health care team can help with a plan that’s right for you.
If you drink alcohol, limit it to 1 drink a day for women or 2 drinks a day for men.
If you or a loved one have a PFO and have experienced a stroke, we have resources you may find helpful.


ORLANDO, Fla. (Ivanhoe Newswire) — Nearly two in five people in the US have high cholesterol. That is when you have high levels of low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, typically numbers above 200 milligrams per deciliter, in your blood. LDL is referred to as bad cholesterol while high-density lipoprotein, or HDL, is referred to as good cholesterol. It’s commonly thought having more of the good cholesterol versus the bad can protect you against heart disease, but new research shows that might not be the case depending on your race.
How low can you go? When it comes to lowering your cholesterol, you want to lower your bad cholesterol while raising the good.
Steven Nissen, MD, Cardiologist at Cleveland Clinic says, “Getting the bad cholesterol levels down to really low levels, down in the 20s and 30s, can actually remove plaque from the coronary arteries.”
Lowering your risk for heart attack and stroke and …
Doctor Nissen also says, “Lower and lower levels of the bad cholesterol LDL are associated with a reduction in the risk of death, heart attack, and stroke.”
And higher levels of good cholesterol had similar positive outcomes. But research published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, found that was not the case for everyone. For black Americans, higher levels of good cholesterol did not lower the risk of heart attacks. The researchers emphasized the findings mean that lowering your bad cholesterol should be more important than increasing your good cholesterol. You should also look at other cardiac risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity. Helping you stay heart healthy.
Since black Americans have an increased risk of heart attacks due to high cholesterol, their outcomes after having a heart attack are also not favorable. A Duke study found African American patients who had suffered a heart attack were almost two times more likely than white patients to die within a year of treatment.


- For the Marvel superhero, see Wolverine.
| Animal Information
The wolverine was a wild animal.
When Homer and Marge were lost on Honeymoon Mountain, they made a small shack out of the remains of The Cabins at Honeymoon Mountain. However, a wolverine was in the area and was watching them. One night, the wolverine decided to attack them in their shack. In an attempt to save Marge, Homer tried to lure the wolverine away. Homer thought that he outsmarted the wolverine by climbing a tree until the wolverine also started to climb the tree.
When Marge saw that Homer was in danger, she went to his aid, carrying a makeshift hammer made out of a stick with a Cupid statue head attached to it. The wolverine then started to chase Marge, so Homer leapt out of the tree and ran to help Marge. He pinned the wolverine down with a large branch and told Marge to run. However, Marge decided to help Homer and threw the makeshift Cupid hammer to Homer. Homer then used the makeshift hammer to kill the wolverine.
After the wolverine was killed, Homer and Marge made jerky out of it.


© 2023 MJH Life Sciences™ and Infection Control Today. All rights reserved.
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- As of March 10, 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has removed Hong Kong from the jurisdictions included in an importation ban on birds and bird products. The decision to remove Hong Kong is based on its documented public health measures to prevent the spread of avian influenza A (H5N1) and the lack of avian flu cases in Hong Kong's domestic and wild bird populations.
The ban remains in effect for the following countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, the People's Republic of China, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. It excludes bird products processed to render them noninfectious and pet or performing birds of U.S. origin returning to the United States from Southeast Asia. Other disease control measures imposed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, including a 30-day quarantine for pet birds, will remain in place as directed by USDA.
The Department of Health and Human Services and the USDA instituted the importation ban on Feb. 4, 2004 as outbreaks of avian flu spread in Southeast Asia. The measure is designed to protect poultry and humans in the United States from the possible spread of avian influenza H5N1, which is responsible for the deaths of millions of birds and at least 22 humans in Asia.
Hong Kong authorities reported a single case of avian influenza in a peregrine falcon in mid-January. Continued surveillance in Hong Kong has detected no additional cases of avian flu H5N1, according to the Hong Kong Secretary for Health, Welfare and Food. In addition, since Jan. 30, Hong Kong has suspended importation of live birds from countries affected by the outbreak. Authorities there have also has imposed a vaccination, inspection and surveillance program for poultry farms, live poultry markets and pet bird dealers; implemented measures to prevent the spread of the virus through human traffic across the border; and required local poultry farms to implement strict biosecurity programs.
The CDC says the ban will be reviewed and may be further amended as the situation continues to develop.


Beverage time for kids
- Water is a vital nutrient. And it doesn't contain added sugars, which can contribute to health problems as kids get older.
- Milk provides other key nutrients, like calcium, that growing bodies need.
- Toddlers who drink water and milk may learn to prefer these healthy beverage choices for years to come. That's a great habit to start!
Go easy on fruit juice
Even 100% fruit juice is best enjoyed in moderation. That's because it isn't as nutritious as whole fruit, which contains beneficial fiber. Whenever you can, it's better to offer your child whole fruit instead of fruit juice.
Let's face it, kids (and grownups) love fruit juice. So if you give your child 100% fruit juice, be sure to keep it to less than 4 ounces per day.
Try to avoid these drinks when you can
It's best to avoid giving toddlers drinks that have sugar added to them. That includes:
- Sweetened drinks, like fruit punch, sodas, sports drinks and sweetened water.
- Flavored milks, like chocolate or strawberry milk.
There are two main concerns with sweet beverages:
- Toddlers may develop an early taste for them. Then you might have a hard time getting them to accept water and milk.
- Sugary beverages can put kids at risk for weight issues, cavities and health problems such as type 2 diabetes.
What about caffeinated beverages?
It's best not to give young kids caffeinated drinks, such as soda or tea. They can cause issues like sleep problems, irritability and headaches.
Source: American Academy of Pediatrics
This information is provided for educational purposes only. Individuals should always consult with their healthcare providers regarding medical care or treatment, as recommendations, services or resources are not a substitute for the advice or recommendation of an individual's physician or healthcare provider. Services or treatment options may not be covered under an individual's particular health plan.


Located in southwest Argentina along the border of Chile, Los Glaciares National Park offers 2,807 square miles of rugged mountains, large lakes and a lot of — you guessed it — ice; the Patagonia ice field occupies nearly half of the park and represents the largest ice mantle outside of Antarctica. It contains 47 glaciers, along with another 200 smaller glaciers not included in the main field. Mount Fitz Roy (pictured here) is in the northern part of the park. Its 11,168 feet of sheer granite makes it one of the most challenging mountains to climb in the world, but hikers can enjoy the less arduous routes around it, not to mention the incredible play of colors that reflect off the face of the mountain each morning with the sunrise.
Los Glaciares, of which 30% is covered by ice, can be divided in two parts, each corresponding with one of the two elongated big lakes partially contained by the park. Lake Argentino, 1,466 km2 (566 sq mi) and the largest in Argentina, is in the south, while Lake Viedma, 1,100 km2 (420 sq mi), is in the north. Both lakes feed the Santa Cruz River that flows down to Puerto Santa Cruz on the Atlantic. Between the two halves is a non-touristic zone without lakes called Zona Centro.
The northern half consists of part of Viedma Lake, the Viedma Glacier and a few minor glaciers, and a number of mountains very popular among fans of climbing and trekking, including Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Torre. The southern part has, as well as a number of smaller ones, the major glaciers which flow into Lake Argentino: Perito Moreno Glacier, Upsala Glacier, and Spegazzini Glacier. Typical excursion boats travel between icebergs to visit Bahía Onelli, and the otherwise inaccessible Spegazzini and Upsala. The Perito Moreno is reachable by land.


Mean and Median Household Income
- AS, A-Level, IB
- AQA, Edexcel, OCR, IB, Eduqas, WJEC
Last updated 25 Sept 2020
The mean and the median are the two averages required in the A level Economics exam syllabus. This video looks at mean and median household income for the UK.
Mean household income is averageincome per household. The mean income value answers the question: “If income would be equally distributed to all people, how much would everyone earn?”
The mean does not reflect the underlying inequality in a data set of household incomes
Median household income is the income level at the midpoint of all households ranked (arranged) by their income. The median answers the question: “What does the person earn who earns exactly more than 50% and less than 50% of the population?”
We tend to use the median when the data is skewed and there are outliers for example with super-high incomes that tends to drag up the mean value.
Mean household disposable income in the UK was £35,600 in 2019
Median household disposable income in the UK was £29,600 in 2019


Definition of Coffin:
box for dead person
Synonyms of Coffin:
● Pine box
Opposite/Antonyms of Coffin:
Sentence/Example of Coffin:
Cleopatra's coffin, head of the Theban ram, and other Egyptian curiosities, arrived in England.
She groaned aloud, and her tears flowed faster: Alessandro was making the baby's coffin.
By this time the bent figure sitting in the rocking-chair, near the coffin began to show signs of life and whimper a little.
The corpse was lying in a narrow coffin, upon a low bier, both of which were covered with a white pall.
The humidity of the earth had rusted the screws, and it was not without some difficulty that the coffin was opened.
The son alone held himself aloof; he walked, according to custom, plunged in deep sorrow by the side of the coffin.
Here she found the coffin deposited on the table, its great black pall of velvet, silver-edged, sweeping down to the floor.
In Devonshire, particularly among the farmers and poorer classes, the ridged coffin is very general, the end being gabled.
The Purbeck marble slab has never been disturbed, being found strongly secured by mortar to the top of the stone coffin.
Mademoiselle leaned against the table, which was still burdened by the empty coffin, and observed him.


Metal parts or cnc spinning is a growing and continuously thriving technology. Today, it is not merely used in research, development, and prototyping, as many industries and enterprises find it useful for their production lines. cnc spinning makes it possible for them to create, develop, and introduce concepts that were previously impossible, challenging, or costly to attain.
Many OEMs and large, successful organizations embrace metal parts to fulfill their strictest performance requirements and standards. New applications continue to enter the scene as more organizations use cnc spinning in product design and to supplement conventional manufacturing practices.
Metal parts or Stainless Steel Spinning is widely used to build robust end-use parts and rapid prototypes. Some technologies make it useful for crafting functional models, aesthetic prototypes, master patterns or models, and low-volume production parts with complex geometries. We can understand and identify the applications of cnc spinning by exploring its uses in the following metal spinning industries:
Metal parts solutions enable breakthroughs in the medical industry, specifically to research institutions, specialists, and patients. Medical manufacturers use various biocompatible and high-strength cnc spinning materials to build practical prototypes, realistic anatomical models, surgical-grade components, life-saving devices, orthopedic implants, dental devices, enclosures, and other products.
The aerospace industry is among the earliest to adopt metal parts or cnc copper spinning. Engineers designing military and commercial aerospace solutions use the technology to ensure flight-worthy, safe, high-performing components and materials for environmental control systems, combustor liners, oil and fuel tanks, custom cosmetic interior components, and UAV elements. cnc spinning enables material efficiency, weight reduction, low-volume production, and part consolidation for the industry.
Automotive designers and manufacturers require durable, lightweight, reliable, and heavy-duty parts that can withstand extreme temperatures and speeds. Some of their designs involve complex geometries, which may be challenging to make with traditional manufacturing methods. Metal parts or aluminum spinning can fulfill their requirements in producing lightweight and consolidated components to build efficient vehicles.
These are just some of the industries and applications of cnc spinning. Undoubtedly, metal parts helps overcome unique complexities and obstacles, giving it more potential in other areas like robotics, consumer products, electronics, and energy.