Aviation Surface Observations
Description:This product graphically depicts the latest surface observations from selected stations throughout the U.S.
Data Sources:Surface Observations
Depiction:A white wind barb is used to indicate sky coverage, wind speed, and direction. Yellow text next to the barb gives the station identifier, temperature, dew point, pressure, visibility, and the lowest ceiling altitude and coverage.
This example depicts a typical late fall observation from Indianapolis, Indiana (IND). The last observation indicates a temperature of 52 degrees and a dew point 26 degrees. Sky is broken with winds out of the South at 15kts (wind barb notation). The current barometric pressure is 30.12 inches of mercury and visibility is 10 statute miles. The "150S" designation immediately to the right of the wind barb indicates both the altitude and coverage density of the LOWEST cloud layer. The first three digits indicate the ceiling altitude in hundreds of feet. The 'S' that immediately follows indicates that the clouds are scattered. Possible values of the coverage density indicator are:
Although the "150S" indicates a scattered clouds, the wind barb shows broken coverage. This indicates that a broken layer lies above the scattered layer at 15,000 ft.
(For FAA purposes 'scattered' or 'few' clouds do not constitute a "ceiling", however, the altitude of any reported cloud layer is portrayed on the map regardless.)


Some cancer cells can deploy parallel mechanisms to evade the immune system’s defences as well as resist immunotherapy treatment, according to a new study from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research.
By suppressing the action of killer T-cells and hindering the ability of the immune system to flag tumour cells for destruction, breast cancer cells are able to replicate and metastasise, the researchers found.
“We know that breast cancer typically doesn’t respond well to immunotherapy, and we wondered if there’s an intrinsic mechanism enabling breast cancer cells to escape the immune system,” says first author Ms Louise Baldwin, who is a PhD student in Associate Professor Alex Swarbrick’s lab at Garvan.
The researchers used a technique called DNA barcoding, which tags cells with a known sequence and tracks the progression of tumour cells through time.
“We showed that there are rare cancer cells capable of escaping the immune system and escaping treatment with immunotherapy,” Ms Baldwin says.
The mechanisms could be used as potential targets for therapies, to stop tumorous cells from adapting and spreading. Another future application could be in prognosis, where a high number of cells could indicate which patients might not respond to immunotherapy.
Source: Read Full Article


- Journal Article
In this paper, we apply the method of material flow analysis to analyze the consumption and waste mass flows of short-lived goods and we provide first insights into the waste management behavior of households in Santiago de Cuba. The goods analyzed are glass, aluminum, organic material and PET. The necessary data were gathered in personal interviews with 1171 households using a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about socio-demographic variables, such as age, sex, education, income and occupation. The households were asked how many PET bottles, aluminum and glass containers they consume per month and how they dispose of the different kinds of garbage. Our investigations show that: (i) Cuba has a high recycling rate closely comparable to that of Switzerland and Germany, which have the highest recycling rates world-wide. The high recycling rate is achieved through a combination of social organization, control and internalized norms. In contrast to other developing countries, where the informal sector plays an important role in recycling activities, in Santiago de Cuba the contribution of the informal sector is marginal. (ii) The preferred recycling path, where 50–70% of the waste is disposed of, is Comité de Defensa de la Revolución, Revolution Defense Committee (CDR), a collection entity organized at the neighborhood sector level, which also fulfills social control functions. (iii) Recyclable goods could also be sold in the “cases to compra”, where for 20 empty bottles, a filled one can be obtained. However, this recycling path is only used for 1.5–5% of the waste fraction. This can be explained by the fact that, in addition to the social control provided by CDR, pushing people to bring their recyclable materials to CDR, there is a problem of reputation: people who collect empty bottles are looked down on. (iv) There are virtually no differences in the disposal and recycling pattern between the rich and the poor quartile of the population. Show more
Journal / seriesResources, Conservation and Recycling
Pages / Article No.
SubjectMaterial flow analysis; Recycling behavior; Social norm; Short-lived goods; Cuba
Organisational unit03400 - Scholz, Roland W.
MoreShow all metadata


The notions of knowledge and mediation have been central topics in current urban research. Researchers and activists have been elaborating various community platforms to share information and initiate exchange about a neighborhood, a city, a development project or a policy question. Critical design and participatory cartography are prominent tools of mediating urban knowledge: giving inhabitants and professional communities the occasion to share and organize their insights and opinions in an accessible form, maps and other means of visualization are essential in enhancing the legibility of urban space. With a special focus on the production and use of public space, the course will experiment with various modalities and techniques of participation and information exchange, as well as explore the limits of such practices.
Details at http://skuor.tuwien.ac.at/?lang=en
The course offers an experimental and creative approach to urban research. Complementing the lectures delivered by the Vienna Visiting Professors, the course aims to develop skills in using community cartography to investigate the dynamics of the production and development of urban public space and to mediate knowledge about the city. The practice-oriented course is being carried out in three intensive mapping workshops where after establishing criteria and categories of data to collect, students will elaborate their methodologies and research projects. Interdisciplinary teams working in the area between Schwedenplatz and Reumannplatz will assemble impressions, identify problems, generate ideas and develop platforms to collect and share data with local and professional communities. The product of the course will be a variety of maps based on participatory platforms, continuing to host input and data even after the course.


Despite progress such as the Paris Climate Agreement, climate change still spells trouble for species such as African Wild Dogs who call the Miombo Woodlands in Southern Africa home.
According to a landmark new study by the University of East Anglia, the James Cook University, and the WWF, which was published in the journal Climatic Change, a 4.5°C rise in the global mean temperature could make the climate of the area unsuitable for many of the animals and plants that live there currently. This would result in up to 90 percent of amphibians, 86 percent of birds, and 80 percent of mammals potentially becoming locally extinct in the woodlands.
Whilst the woodlands are certainly under threat, there’s trouble further south too. With South Africa’s Western Cape region currently experiencing a drought, the fynbos for which the area is famous could face localized extinctions of a third of its species, many of which are actually unique to the region.
“Our research quantifies the benefits of limiting global warming to 2°C for species in 35 of the world’s most wildlife-rich areas,” explains lead researcher Prof Rachel Warren from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at UEA. “We studied 80,000 species of plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians and found that 50 percent of species could be lost from these areas without climate policy. However, if global warming is limited to 2°C above pre-industrial levels, this could be reduced to 25 percent. Limiting warming to within 1.5°C was not explored, but would be expected to protect even more wildlife.”
You could help make a difference by turning off for Earth Hour on March 24th – a small price to pay for the survival of these extraordinary areas and the life within them.
Our special offers are designed to help you experience everything southern Africa has to offer whilst also saving some all-important pennies. Whether you’re about to embark on a once-in-a-lifetime solo trip, or are celebrating a special occasion, have a peek at our offers and see what could be in store for you.


Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
autocephalous church, in the modern usage of Eastern Orthodox canon law, church that enjoys total canonical and administrative independence and elects its own primates and bishops. The term autocephalous was used in medieval Byzantine law in its literal sense of “self-headed” (Greek: autokephalos), or independent, and was applied in church law to individual dioceses that did not depend upon the authority of a provincial metropolitan. Today the Orthodox archbishopric of Mount Sinai, with the historic monastery of St. Catherine, still enjoys this privilege.
Most modern Orthodox autocephalies are national churches, but some are limited only geographically and include the territories of several states. The autocephalous churches maintain canonical relations with each other and enjoy communion in faith and sacraments. There is between them a traditional order of precedence, with the ecumenical patriarchate of Constantinople (modern Istanbul) enjoying the first place. Throughout history, their borders have varied greatly, following political and social changes, while their numbers have been subject to increase or reduction by Byzantine emperors and individual patriarchs. The question of how and by whom new autocephalous churches are to be established is still a matter of debate in modern Eastern Orthodoxy.
The heads of individual autocephalous churches bear different titles: patriarch (Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Moscow, Georgia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria), archbishop (Athens, Cyprus), or metropolitan (Poland, America).


German Resistance Memorial Center Biographie
Franz Kaufmann studied law and political science and obtained his doctorate in law. After the First World War he initially worked at the municipal authorities in the Berlin district of Charlottenburg. In 1922 he was appointed to the Prussian Interior Ministry and rose to the position of senior executive officer in the Audit Office. Kaufmann was dismissed in 1936 because of his Jewish origins. A conservative Christian, from 1940 on he was a member of the Confessional Church in the district of Dahlem in Berlin. Protected from deportation by his marriage, he began working with Pastor Heinrich Grüber’s Office, organizing help for victims of racial persecution. Kaufmann formed a group of helpers, especially members of Dahlem Confessional Parish, some of whom were personally at risk. He used his wide range of contacts as a former government official to find hiding places and obtain false passports and food ration cards for victims of persecution. After a denunciation and forced confessions, Kaufmann and around 50 other people from his wider circle were arrested. He was held in custody for almost six months, brutally maltreated and repeatedly interrogated. Without ever bringing him to trial, the Secret State Police (Gestapo) murdered Franz Kaufmann on February 17, 1944 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp.


In cycle racing, getting the right bicycle is as much important as the skills gained by the cyclist. With the right bicycle, one can easily go through steeps and bumps and still be ahead of the pack. However, as much skill and training as one have undergone, if they lack the right bicycle, they will often find themselves working much harder than the rest and in the end, lose energy, slow down and fail to win or even be near the finish line.
Bicycles are designed differently for the different races. For instance, there are unique and different features that one will find on a road racing bicycle, mountain bikes and on track racing bicycles. Bicycles for road racing are designed to help in achieving speed. Their frames are extremely light and are made from carbon fibre, aluminium or steel. The light-weight ensures that the racer does not spend their energy on moving the weight, but that every effort translates into a higher speed. They also have drop handles. This makes them easy to hold direction. Furthermore, they have multiple gears. This is expected as road races are comprises of going through varying terrains, requiring adjustments in the bike’s capabilities.
The uniqueness of road racing bikes can only be contrasted with that of time trial bikes. These bikes change the cyclist’s position with the rider’s arms resting on the handles as this position makes them less resistant to the opposite flow of air past the rider, thus increasing their speed.
This positioning is traded with the weight, as they have the tendency of being heavier than the road racing bikes. Nevertheless, even with increased-weight, the aerodynamic nature that is achieved through positioning enables the cyclist to normally ride much faster than cyclists on road bikes. Further more, the back disk has a streamlined addition which enables the riders to achieve the needed margins, which help them to succeed in their racing.


Antique uncolored map of the Louisiana and Florida territories of the United States, including Georgia, North and South Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, the Midwest, and extending west to what appears to be the Rocky Mountains, labeled New Mexico, and extending as far north as the Great Lakes. Includes Fort Checagou (Chicago) and Detroit, New Orleans, and Santa Fe (shown a bit more northerly than it is). Information about Native Americans throughout. This map also includes the French Fort Duquesne, an important fort during the French and Indian War, the war that trained George Washington in his early 20s. The Braddock expedition was launched in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne, with George Washington as one of General Braddock's aides. The expedition was a disaster. Braddock was killed and approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops retreated to Virginia, led by Washington. Washington and Thomas Gage played key roles in organizing the retreatÃ¢ ‚¬ €two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War. A fantastic historical and collectible map with great early detail. This map is similar to SOU383 (in fact it is nearly identical) but it is impossible to guess why two nearly identical maps were produced with the only difference being the inclusion of Florida in the title. Perhaps it is related to the public's interest in Florida at the time (this was just before Spain gave Florida to England, at which time it was split into East and West Florida). Very good overall antique condition, with a brown spot to the right of the title, and with toning that is darker at the paper edges. Measures approx. 8.75 x 12 inches to the neatline.
Item Number: SOU066


It’s Smart To Put Your Money Into Reclaimed Wood Flooring.
The use of reclaimed wood flooring in both new construction and commercial development is growing in popularity. As interest in sustainable development grows, salvaged wood emerges as a top choice for eco-friendly construction. Due to their low environmental impact, wood flooring is the greenest option.
Cleaning up production has never been easier.
Producing engineered wood flooring steel results in 24 times more emissions of hazardous chemicals than producing wood products. A lot of CO2 can be released from concrete.
Producing something out of wood uses less power
The energy needed to produce brick is four times that of wood, concrete is six times, and steel is forty times that of wood.
The trend of certifying wood products is rising
Tree plantations of composite vinyl flooring and other species of Mahogany-like woods were established after regulations were put in place in the 1980s to prevent further harvesting of over-harvested species. Because of this, Europe became the birthplace of the forest certification industry. Only about 8 percent of the world's forests are verified as sustainable at the present time, compared to 39 percent in North America and 54 percent in Europe.
Used lumber is recycled wood.
Once thought lost forever, these logs were found in a river after being perfectly preserved. Warehouse beams from the Industrial Revolution are another useful resource. Wood flooring has a long lifespan and is often used after its first use. Historic flooring from the 18th and 19th centuries is still in use in many homes today. At https://medinaflooringcontractors.com/, experts provide a wealth of design options, and by using stains, faux finishes, and inlays, even an older floor can take on an entirely new


Carbon 3D Printing – Joseph DeSimone
3-D printing is slow; it’s really just “2-D printing over and over,” says chemist and material scientist Joseph DeSimone. Addressing the three main issues that has prevented 3-D printing from being a mainstream manufacturing process – time, structural and material limits – DeSimone has unveiled Carbon3D atTED2015.
A process inspired by the T-1000 from Terminator 2, Carbon3D uses light and oxygen to continuously (and quickly) grow parts out of a vat of liquid resin using a new technology known as CLIP –Continuous Liquid Interface Production. While the process’ potential has been immediately correlated with the medical industry, one can only imagine its effect on manufacturing as a whole.
Joseph DeSimone (born May 16, 1964) is an American chemist, and the 2008 recipient of the Lemelson–MIT Prize.
He is the Chancellor’s Eminent Professor of Chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and William R. Kenan, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering at North Carolina State University and of Chemistry at UNC. DeSimone is also an adjunct member at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
DeSimone has published over 300 scientific articles and has over 150 issued patents in his name with over 80 patents pending.


Dr. Eric Brunsell, Edutopia’s STEM Group Facilitator, Introduces Science Chat on Twitter (#scichat)
Editor's Note: Our guest blogger this week is Eric Brunsell, who is the facilitator of both the STEM group on Edutopia as well as the bi-weekly #scichat (more below).
If you have ever been to an education conference, you will probably agree that a lot of the best learning comes from the discussions between sessions, dinner, or at other "unscripted" times when you have the opportunity to share with other passionate professionals. We need these types of interactions to keep moving our craft forward.
#scichat provides a way for scientists and educators to engage in an ongoing discussion with the goal of sharing ideas, growing professionally and improving the teaching of science. This "hashtag" can be used at any time to share your thoughts or resources with other science educators. However, the real power of #scichat is to develop a community through real-time events every other Tuesday night (9:00 Eastern). The topic for each event will usually be selected in advance by the community.
Last week, educators from around the world participated in the first #scichat on Twitter. Participants shared ideas on how to increase the relevancy of school science. The discussion ranged from the role of textbooks, to discipline integration, to the incorporation of authentic projects and real-world events. A few of the participants took steps to collaborate on a project to have their students analyze TED videos this fall. A full transcript is available here.
Join us for the next #scichat! Use the Twtpoll or suggest a future topic in the comment section below.
The Next #scichat
Tuesday, June 22 @ 9:00 Eastern (Every two weeks)
Moderators: Eric Brunsell (@brunsell) & Jeff Goldstein (@doctorjeff)


So carving off characters can be a way to comment on the original work—to expand on its themes, to examine what it erased, to update it, to teach folks about it, or just to enjoy it (and surely enjoyment is an important goal of lots of literature, not excluding the Sherlock Holmes stories). Interacting with literature and appreciating literature means, in no small part, talking back to literature. And a big way in which people talk back to literature is by dissecting it, reassembling it, and making it their own.
Again, that deconstruction can sometimes be ugly. Not every use of Sherlock Holmes is going to be pretty, or make the Doyle Estate happy. No doubt there’s X-rated Sherlock/Watson slash fiction out there that would make Conan Doyle rise from his grave, if he could manage it. But to say that it’s a crime against literature to reuse Sherlock Holmes is like saying that Doyle committed a crime against literature by turning Dupin into Holmes. Artists and writers always engage with and respond to other writers. That’s how art gets made. And that’s why it’s a good thing for culture, for literature, and for Doyle himself that it looks like Holmes will finally be completely free to be used, abused, and celebrated by everybody, free of charge.
Noah Berlatsky, Great News: Now Anyone Can Write and Publish a Sherlock Holmes Story
[QUOTE] From Noah Berlatsky, Great News: Now Anyone Can Write and Publish a Sherlock Holmes Story


Narratives, as Mr. Stephens often points out in his videos and curriculum, are fun to write and fun to read. Whether personal or imaginative, they tend to allow for more expression and creativity than compositions such as essays or research papers. Writing the narrative can be easier as well, for the homeschool student is…
This blog is devoted to all aspects of writing, literature, and teaching. We are excited to partner with you on your homeschool journey and provide you with helpful and quality content in our blog posts.
How to Help Struggling Readers: Homeschool Students & Literature
What can I do for my homeschool student who struggles with understanding literature and who “just doesn’t get it”? Somewhat recently, a friend and I were discussing some short stories assigned in her Introduction to Literature class. “I’ve read some of them before in seventh grade,” she told me, “but it doesn’t really matter….
What’s the Right Answer? Homeschool Writing and Literature
How do I judge my homeschool student’s responses for writing and literature? 2 + 2 = 4. Always. The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776. Correct. The scientific binomial name for a llama is Lama glama. Amusing, but also factual. Subjects like math, history, and science have right and wrong answers. 2 + 2…


Don’t dismiss their concerns. It’s normal to have questions about a new vaccine, and the amount of misconceptions about the vaccines can be overwhelming. Listen without judgment and try to get to the root of why they may have doubts about the vaccines.
Addressing misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines is an important part of encouraging others to get their vaccine. For example, some people who are hesitant about the vaccine fear the vaccines’ potential side effects. Talk about how the vaccines are designed to cause an immune-system response which is the cause of these temporary effects.
By choosing to get a COVID vaccine, they are protecting themselves as well as others in their community. Let them know that they have the power to fight back against this disease and do something about ending the pandemic.
Try your best to connect with them and discuss COVID-19 in general rather than just the vaccines. Most likely, they also feel frustrated that COVID has restricted their lives over the past year and want to go back to normal life. Let them know that by getting their vaccine, they are helping life get back to what it was pre-pandemic.
If they have a question or concern that you cannot answer, offer to help them look for information from a trusted source like the CDC or the WHO. You may consult the CDC's vaccine page or the WHO's page for COVID vaccine safety.


Is it ok to feed red squirrels?
Research shows that our habit of feeding red squirrels may be changing their morphology.
Despite the joy of seeing a red squirrel up close, recent research suggests that feeding them may be harming the species.
The iconic rodent, once widespread in the UK, is now only found in a handful of woodlands. As breeding is limited within these isolated populations, changes to diet or habitat, or the introduction of disease can impact an entire population in just a few generations.
Analysis of over 250 skulls from different locations in the UK has shown significant changes to the jaws of red squirrels in Formby, Liverpool. Here, the usual diet of hazelnuts and pine seeds has often been supplemented with biscuits, chips and peanuts from humans.
These treats require much less chewing, which researchers say could have caused the changes to the squirrels’ masseters (cheek muscles) and made wild foods harder to consume.
Long term, the change in diet could affect trees that rely on these animals spreading seeds, along with the woodland species that depend on them.
Learn more about red squirrels:
Main image: A red squirrel at a feeder filled with nuts in an area of woodland in Scotland. © John F Scott/Getty
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Far from a modern invention, experimentation with toughened glass actually began close to a century ago. But whereas rudimentary celluloid polymers showed little potential for bringing real improvements to the safety of glass, today’s products are in a league of their own when it comes to durability, reliability and safety. As such, industry leaders are manufacturing, supplying and installing safety glass for use in more commercial, industrial and domestic applications than ever before.
Multiple Products, One Purpose
The two most commonly manufactured and fitted types of safety glass today are tempered glass and laminated glass.
The first of the two – also referred to as toughened glass – is manufactured by way of a heat-treating process, which results in a final glass product of both superior strength and safer properties when shattered. The glass is first heated close to its melting point before then being cooled quickly using cold air. As the glass cools, its properties are altered and the result is significantly stronger glass, which is also less hazardous when broken.
Generally speaking, toughened glass is approximately 400% stronger than standard glass, in terms of its ability to withstand impact without breaking. Should toughened glass fail, the whole sheet immediately breaks into smaller, more rounded pieces that aren’t nearly as dangerous as standard shards of broken glass. The difficulty in manufacturing tempered glass is that it cannot be shaped or altered once it has been heat treated – the process must be carried out first.
As for laminated glass, this alternative form of safety glass improves the safety and reliability of standard glass by adding a sealed, laminated covering to each surface of the glass. What separates laminated glass from standard toughened glass is that way in which when broken, the shards of a laminated glass pane remain suspended in place by an interlayer – usually made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The glass itself may or may not be manufactured as strongly as toughened glass – a factor determined by the manufacturer producing the glass and the requirements of the customer.
Laminated glass is used in instances where falling glass fragments could pose a danger to those in the vicinity. Vehicle windscreens are almost always made of laminated glass, as are the glass panels in skylights and most larger store windows.
For more information on safety glass products or to discuss placing a manufacturing or installation order, get in touch with the All Glass and Glazing team today on 0161 427 7800.


stemCONNECT is a program that brings high-tech resources into middle and high school classrooms. The program, started by Florida’s High Tech Corridor hopes to get students interested in STEM at a young age.
The program uses video conferencing tools to provide middle and high school students with a look into high tech careers. Subject-matter experts volunteer to host these video conferences and showcase the real-world applications of concepts students learn in the classroom. This is a free tool that complements teacher lesson plans.
Tom Baptiste, president and CEO National Center for Simulation, Ed Schons, President Florida’s High Tech Corridor Council, and Lindsay Spalding, a teacher at Hagerty High School in Seminole County, joined Intersection to talk more about the program.
Spalding said the program at her school which utilizes the stemCONNECT tool is four years and helps students learn about modelling and simulation. The program covers 3D modelling, animation, programming, and engineering of all sorts.
Schoons said he thinks the the future is going to be based a great deal on math and science, and teachers will need to help guide students into that path.
"But how do you stimulate students to select math and science? Perhaps not the easiest thing in the world, until they're able to see what it might be. The person on the front line are our teachers," he said.
Baptiste said programs like stemCONNECT are important to society because they help build workforce of the future today.
"We need fourth graders excited about math, because if they don't like math in the fourth grade they probably wont like it in college or wherever they're going," he said.
"If you learn math and science and learn the coding and you get really really good at this sort of thing you have a future out there."
If you would like to learn more about STEM connect you can visit their website at www.flstemconnect.com.


The metaverse is a network of virtual worlds in which many people can interact
with each other (by accessing digital objects) while operating virtual
representations of themselves.
Technology industry experts envision it as the successor to the current internet
The metaverse does not exist, but some platforms contain similar elements. Video
games will provide the similar experience.
– Property: in the metaverse there will be different worlds and each person will
have their property within the metaverse and they will be able to interact and be in
a virtual community
– Transactions; Crypto coins make sense in the metaverse. Users can buy and sell
and if users spend a lot of time in the metaverse, even earn money there.
– Governance: The metaverse also needs ways to implement fair governance, and
blockchain is already a proven way to do it. In addition, with the metaverse a
social world will be created (similar to the community of Facebook, Instagram,
– Accessibility: Access to the metaverse is open to anyone worldwide on public
For people over 30, the metaverse sounds creepy. But for the next generation,
particularly Gen Z types, the metaverse will be commonplace.
The metaverse will unite the financial, virtual, and social worlds. You can have
your own avatar, share documents, go to work meetings, interact with other avatars, buy and sell products, etc.
Companies like Micrisoft, Google, Meta, Samsung and other big tech are investing
in virtual reality to make the metaverse a reality in 10 years


Parents vaccinated against Covid indirectly protect their children, reducing the possibility of contagion
We know that coronavirus vaccines are the most effective measure to stop contagion and that, eventually, the pandemic ends. Of course, for this to happen it is important that all people who can receive the vaccine do so.
A few months ago, for example, a study revealed that a father vaccinated against Covid reduced the risk of infection of his partner and cohabiting children by one percent. Now, a new study obtains a similar result again, concluding that parents vaccinated against Covid indirectly protect their children , further reducing the possibility of contagion.
Published in the journal Science , the study carried out by researchers from Tel Aviv University and Harvard University analyzed two periods of the pandemic, in order to examine the indirect protection provided by parents vaccinated against Covid to their children .
In the first stage of the study, conducted between December 2020 and March 2021, the authors studied 440,733 children and adolescents from 155,305 families. Compared with children of parents who had not received any vaccine, children of parents with two doses of the vaccine showed strong indirect protection against the coronavirus.
The second stage took place between June and October 2021, when the Delta variant was active. After analyzing 181,307 unvaccinated children from 76,621 households, it was found that when one of their parents was vaccinated, the risk of contagion was reduced by 20.8%, while when both parents were vaccinated, it was reduced by up to 58.1%.
In both stages of the study, this indirect protection was found to be consistent in families of different sizes and in children of various age groups , including the smallest of the house, who to date are not yet eligible to be vaccinated :
“ Although the age range for vaccination is continually expanding, many children and adolescents remain unvaccinated for a variety of reasons. The current study shows that parental vaccination confers substantial protection on children living in the same household, emphasizing that vaccination not only protects the vaccinated individuals, but also their loved ones ,” explains Dr. Noam Barda, one of the study authors.
In summary, the research demonstrates the importance of vaccines by finding that they can also provide some protection to those who live in the same house , which can certainly give some peace of mind to parents of babies and young children, who, as we know, They are still waiting to receive the vaccine.


Electrochemical processes have the potential to be highly efficient and thereby create less by-product waste compared to conventional chemical processes. Important reasons for the industrial interest include the use of less expensive starting materials, less aggressive process conditions (e.g. lower temperatures with less degradation of feed and/or product), fewer processing steps (for example electrochemical synthesis and product separation may be combined in one reactor), precise control of oxidation or reduction level by control of electrode potential and discovery of unique processing routes to establish new markets for products. In addition, electrochemical processes have the potential to replace polluting chemical reactions with more environmentally friendly electrochemical reactions.
Despite the large number of chemicals available in the market, electrochemical synthesis of chemicals has until now been limited to a narrow spectrum. However, advances in electrochemical synthesis and methods are now possible and facilitated by recent developments in materials science, nanotechnology, and by the development of new in-situ analytical techniques or the progress in multi-scale modelling. This provides opportunities for new approaches for the electrochemical manufacturing of products.
Intensive research into organic and inorganic electrochemical processing promises major developments in different applications, specifically with the prospect of greatly reduced electricity consumption and the use of electrical power generated from environmentally friendly production processes like wind and solar energy, thereby contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.Scope:
Proposals should develop new electrochemical methodologies for industrial processing and provide a proof of the economic and industrial feasibility of the new technologies. The proposed solutions should also have the potential for integration into existing industrial operations. A prospect for a wider impact of the proposed solutions on the process industry is also needed.
Important aspects that should be taken into account are:
Projects will carry out demonstration activities in industrial environments aimed at confirming the industrial relevance and feasibility of the proposed technologies, showing the potential for integration in existing operations.
Activities are expected to focus on Technology Readiness Levels 4 to 6.This topic addresses cross-KET activities.
This topic is particularly suitable for SMEs.
The Commission considers that proposals requesting a contribution from the EU between EUR 4 and 6 million would allow this specific challenge to be addressed appropriately. Nonetheless, this does not preclude submission and selection of proposals requesting other amounts.Expected Impact:
Proposals should include a business case and exploitation strategy, as outlined in the Introduction to the LEIT part of this Work Programme.
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Drinking milk cereal drinks at one year of age is linked to a two-fold risk of being overweight at the age of five, reports a new study. The findings of the study are published in the journal Acta Paediatrica.
"Milk cereal drinks are not bad as such; how it's used is the problem. That is when it's seen not as a meal but as an extra, to supplement other food," says Bernt Alm, Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
The researchers behind the study have previously linked consumption of milk cereal drinks at age six months to high body mass index (BMI) at ages one year and one and a half years. The study now presented is of the same group of children, several years later.
Among the five-year-olds, 11.6 percent were overweight, and 2.3 percent had obesity. The risk for overweight or obesity proved to be almost double (factor 1.94) if the children had formerly, at age 12 months, been daily consumers of milk cereal drinks. This risk elevation was independent of other factors.
Examples of other conditions found to make overweight more likely were if the parents had low educational attainment if they smoked and if there was a history of obesity in the family. Heredity was the strongest single factor.
In Sweden, children commonly drink milk cereal drinks once to five times a day from age six months. In the study in question, 85 percent of the children had been daily consumers at 12 months of age. The Swedish milk cereal drinks consist of milk and flour and are nutritionally close to porridge, and usually enriched with vitamins and minerals. Similar products exist elsewhere in the world, but are not as common.
"Milk cereal drinks are nutritious and good and has been used for hundreds of years in Sweden. Getting rid of it isn't a panacea. But if, for example, the child has other risk factors for overweight, such as heredity, perhaps not using milk cereal drinks should be considered," Alm says.


Table of Contents
Should I take engineering if I am weak in maths?
Realistically all forms of engineering require that you become competent in math. You can overcome your weakness by seeking help and by studying hard in the proper way.
Do you need to be good at math for engineering?
Originally Answered: Do engineers need to be good at math? Yes. They need to understand calculus, multivariable calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and statistics so that they can understand what’s going on with the engineering models they use.
What maths do engineers?
Trigonometry is Essential In addition to engineering geometry, trigonometry is one of the more usual maths for engineers. By applying the principle of trigonometry, engineers can calculate such data as the height of an existing structure, the measurement of an angle, or the distance between two points.
What should I do if I Hate Maths and study it?
The most important thing is to love what you do. If you hate maths then you will never be good at it. So empty your mind and work upon it. Good Study material, ambience, a good study table and chair will effect your learning. Try to be calm and relax, and stay away from distractions while studying.
What is the secret behind cracking Engineering Maths?
Engineering mathematics has and will trouble a lot of students. The secret behind cracking maths is practice as mentioned in the other answers. It is said that practice makes a man perfect but that isn’t true. It is perfect practice makes a man perfect. See practice only makes things permanent which is not at all bad.
What are some of the best books on engineering mathematics?
1.) Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Kreyszig: almost covers 4-5 semesters of engineering mathematics, filled with beautiful insightful perspectives which will definitely change the way you look at mathematics. 2.) Calculus by G.S Stewart: this is the toughest portion, as it involves huge amount of calculations.
How do I prepare for lower division Maths?
To help get the fundamentals down, see Mastering lower division mathematics courses, Only practice can make man perfect. 1. Refer good books 2. Schedule time (1 hour /day is good enough) 3. Carry paper and pen always when sit for maths. Like other subjects we cannot memorize this one and without interest you cannot get into this process.


ate. The result is a greater efficiency for your home and energy consumption. A core insulation component is the R-value, or thermal efficiency, which shows the materials ability to keep heat out. Many homes are lined with insulation, including the floor over crawl spaces, unfinished basements and walls on the exterior. There are three kinds of insulation which most houses employ: fiberglass, foam and cellulose. You can have your contractor use mineral wool (also known as rock wool , or slag wool), spray foam, concrete forms, and structural insulated panels in order to make your house better-appointed.
There are two types of insulation blankets: loose fill, comprised of cellulose or fiberglass. Contractors can choose to fill foam with foam or inject it. It is more expensive than regular batt insulation. But it offers more than twice the R-value of every inch. Fiberglass wool is utilized to fill in even the tiny gaps and form a barrier. Batts, minerals wool and fiberglass rolls, and batts may be placed in basements and crawl spaces. The covering is generally comprised of foil kraft Kraft paper, or foil. It serves as an air and vapor barrier. Batts typically have the frame-resistant option that prevents padding from getting open. This is similar to basement walls.
The Timeline and Cost Breakdown
Costs for insulation vary widely due to the wide range of climates and house sizes. In a residence that is 220 square. feet, median cost of insulation is between $3,000 and $10,000. This cost could rise up to $24,000 if you do the entire job at once. Yet, insulation for new homes can be cheaper since it’s a part of unfinished ceilings and walls. The process of insulating can last between two and three weeks. Aspects that determine the duration timelines are the size of your home as well as the kind of insulation that is used. The curb appeal of your house will improve with insulation.


PBIS and The House System
PBIS stands for Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports. The goal of PBIS is to aid in improving student academic and behavior outcomes and ensuring all students have access to the most effective and accurately implemented instructional and behavioral practices and interventions possible. PBIS provides an operational framework for achieving these outcomes. More importantly, PBIS is NOT a curriculum, intervention, or practice, but IS a decision-making framework that guides selection, integration, and implementation of the best evidence-based academic and behavioral practices for improving important academic and behavior outcomes for all students.
The House System
The purpose of the House System is to:
- Promote community
- Increase grade level connections
- Encourage positive behavior and expectations
- Promote healthy competition
Several times a year, students will take part in house meetings where students from different grade levels and their house teachers will get together and participate in team-building activities, learn about the characteristics of each house, and make connections. Students are awarded House Points for exhibiting characteristics of the Mighty 7. The four houses are Reveur, Unidad, Altruismo, and Isibindi. Students, teachers, and staff members are divided amongst the four houses. At the end of each marking period, a House Winner is announced. The House that has the most House Points at the end of each marking period earns a House Party.


Fit Smooth Curve to Plot of Data in R
In this article, we will learn about the concept to fit a smooth curve to the plot of data in R Programming. Smoothing is an important concept in data analysis. It is also known as curve fitting and low pass filtering. The most common non-parametric method used for smoothing is loess() function. Loess is an abbreviation for Local Regression used to fit multiple regressions in the local neighborhoods. The span argument is used to control the size of the neighborhood. The size ranges between 0 and 1. The greater is the span value, the more smooth will be the fitted curve.
Use of Loess() function: Loess() function is used on a numerical vector to smoothen it. It is also used to predict the Y locally.
Syntax: loess(y ~ x)
Return: It smooth curve to plot of data
Example 1: Below is an implementation to fit a smooth curve to a plot:
In the above example loess() function is used to fit a smooth curve into plot. The lwd parameter is used to specify the line type of the smooth curve. The arguments x and y are used to provide coordination to the plot. The loess function will then set a smooth curve in the plot.
Example 2: Another example is illustrated using loess() function:
In the above example, X and Y axis values are plotted. The smooth curve is fitted using the loess function. The prediction will be an array of the appropriate dimensions in a smooth fitted curve.
Example : The fit a smooth curve to a plot of data using the smooth.spline() function.
The generate some data for the plot by creating two vectors, x and y. x contains the values 1 through 10, and y contains some arbitrary values for demonstration purposes.
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Nasturtium - Tropaoleum
Nasturtium, scientifically known as Tropaoleum and commonly called Indian Cress, is a delightful warm-season annual or a perennial in zones 9 to 11. This easy-to-grow garden gem is available in either a trailing vine version or as a mounded plant, which is best suited for borders or container plantings. Native to South and Central America, nasturtium has been used in medicinal herbalism and culinary offerings dating back to the 16th century. Young nasturtium leaves and flowers are edible and make a wonderful spicy addition to salads or can be used as a flavorful garnish. Nasturtiums are also wildly popular among cut flower designers for their versatility and vase life. The lush, lily pad leaves that measure up to 4" inches across, offer a welcome textural contrast in garden beds and container plantings, in addition to the beauty of the flowers. The trumpet style flower blooms are available in an array of bright colors like yellow, orange, crimson, cream and much loved muted pastels such as butter yellow, salmon, mauve and apricot. Nasturtiums are rugged and grow in most soil conditions. They are known to ward off pests due to their peppery scent and do best with a half a day of sun.


- Weekday vegetarian (just eat meat on the weekends)
- Vegetarian Before Six (strict vegetarian before 6PM)
- Meatless Monday (or day of your choosing)
- Veganuary (vegan for January )
Make a difference by becoming a Reducetarian: Eat less meat, poultry, seafood, eggs and dairy
Reducetarianism, as defined by the Reducetarian Foundation website, “is the practice of eating less meat - red meat, poultry, and seafood - as well as less dairy and fewer eggs, regardless of the degree or motivation. This concept is appealing because not everyone is willing to follow an "all-or-nothing" diet. However, reducetarianism is still inclusive of vegans, vegetarians, and anyone else who reduces the amount of animal products in their diet” Livestock contribute to greenhouse gases directly by emitting methane as a product of their digestion as well as indirectly due to land use practices for raising livestock. Just by cutting back on the amount of meat that you normally eat reduces your carbon footprint. The Reducetarian Foundation suggests several strategies for gradually reducing your meat consumption:
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Wallingford PA 19086-0330


HIV: Why is it More Common in Trans Women?
A new study has discovered that transgender women are 49 times more likely to have HIV than the general population – this suggests that nearly a fifth of all transgender women across the world gave HIV. The study included more than 11,000 women across 15 different countries. The results of the study have prompted researchers to take stock of the current health services available for trans women, as well as the improvements which need to be made.
The researchers who created the study state that transgender women are a high risk for HIV and, as such, are in desperate need of preventative measures, treatment and health care services. Many of the case studies contribute to the investigators’ thinking that the infections are contracted through unprotected anal sex, with trans women more likely to engage in sex work. It’s believed that very few care workers, such as HIV counsellors and nurses, are given any training on how to provide the accurate care and advice to transgender women. While it may not seem like a priority for governments and health care services, this study suggests otherwise. When programmes try to treat trans women they opt for the same issues they would treat for gay men, but they need to take into account the specific needs of transgender women.
Transgender women are almost always the receptive partner with regards to anal sex – a lack of resources for hormonal treatments also lead to many women sharing dirty needles. Not only do more services need to be available but they need to be promoted better so that people can seek them out and use them. In order to address the global HIV issue, these concerns within the trans community need to be dealt with as a higher priority. Once such communities have better services available for treatments and advice, the number of HIV cases diagnosed each year will hopefully be reduced.
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Unprecedented iron delivery from the Congo River margin to the South Atlantic Gyre
The Congo River is the world’s second largest river by discharge volume and the only major river discharging into an eastern boundary region. Despite of its size, the Congo River plume and its influence on trace element cycles and ocean primary productivity is poorly constrained. During GEOTRACES cruise GA08, Vieira and co-workers (2020, see reference below) used radium isotopes to demonstrate that a combination of high river discharge, coastal sediments or submarine groundwater discharge make the Congo the most significant riverine source of iron (Fe) to the South Atlantic. Rapid off-shelf transport close to the equator results in the delivery of extremely high fluxes of trace elements from the Congo River outflow into the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. This large trace element input relieves micro-nutrient limitation (iron and cobalt) across the eastern South Atlantic and provides an unusual example of a very efficient riverine Fe source.
Figure: Comparison of dissolved iron (dFe) concentrations vs. distance from the river mouth in other riverine systems globally. The presence of dFe several hundreds of kilometres off-shelf indicates more rapid horizontal mixing of the river plume compared to other systems. TPD indicates Transpolar Drift, and NY Bight indicates New York Bight.
Vieira, L. H., Krisch, S., Hopwood, M. J., Beck, A. J., Scholten, J., Liebetrau, V., & Achterberg, E. P. (2020). Unprecedented Fe delivery from the Congo River margin to the South Atlantic Gyre. Nature Communications, 11(1), 556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14255-2


In April 2009, Captain Richard Phillips was kidnapped from his cargo boat by Somali pirates who demanded $2 million for his release. The pirates held Captain Phillips for five days in a small lifeboat, before Navy SEALs stepped in to save the captain, killing three pirates in the process. Tom Hanks immortalized the hardship of the event in a movie entitled Captain Phillips, released October 11.
The film’s director, Paul Greengrass, attempted to depict the pirate captain, Muse, as a dynamic character and to show the viewers the reasons for his actions. Greengrass expands Muse as a character by including the events that lead him to kidnap Captain Phillips in the first place. Not surprisingly, they involve real threats to both Muse and his family. The kidnapping could also lead to something Muse’s poverty-stricken family desperately needed: money.
For about 15 years, Somalia has lacked a stable government. The country has been fighting a civil war, and their resources continue to dwindle. The Somalian economy depends heavily on agriculture and livestock, both ways of living which require significant amounts of land. But without a stable government to provide trusted contracts of land ownership, making an honest living in Somalia is difficult. Furthermore, crops are sensitive to changes in weather and livestock to unchecked disease. Due to these and other factors, at least 43 percent of the Somalian population lives below the poverty line.
The kidnapping of Captain Phillips shows that poverty can push people to crime in order to support themselves and their family. While not all criminals are influenced by poverty, if the U.S. works hard to help those countries most in need then the incidences of crime threatening national security will decrease. As Captain Phillips shows, the U.S. can help increase its national security by investing in international poverty alleviating programs.
– Alessandra Wike


The Mars rover Opportunity is wheeling off on what could be its final mission, and is starting a two-year journey that it may not even complete. The small robot climbed out of the Victoria crater a few weeks ago, and NASA's science team has now decided to direct Opportunity towards an even larger crater, known as Endeavor.
The 7-mile stretch between Victoria and Endeavor craters matches the total distance the rover already has covered in the 4 1/2 years since landing on the planet. "We may not get there but it is scientifically the right direction to go anyway," said [researcher] Steve Squyres.... "This crater (Endeavor) is staggeringly large compared to anything we've seen before" [Reuters].
Endeavor measures almost 14 miles in diameter, and its deep crater would allow Opportunity to study old layers of rock to learn about Mars' geological history. But even if the rover never makes it to the crater, researchers say the journey will pay scientific dividends;
along the way are small rocks strewn about the surface that appear to have been dug up by meteor impacts farther away, giving scientists the chance to examine material that otherwise would be too deep to reach [Reuters].
Opportunity and NASA's other rover, Spirit, have continued to operate long past their original life expectancy of three months, but both aging rovers have encountered some mechanical difficulties; Spirit has a jammed front wheel that requires it to drive backwards, and Opportunity has a faulty shoulder joint that prevents it from stowing its robotic arm. But the explorers have also received some help recently that should speed Opportunity on its journey: The rovers downloaded new software in 2006 that gives them more autonomy in choosing routes and avoiding hazards, and they'll also be assisted by
satellite images of the ground taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which arrived in Mars orbit in 2006. This tool can capture details smaller than the rover itself. "HiRISE allows us to identify drive paths and potential hazards on the scale of the rover along the route," [NASA official John] Callas said [SPACE.com].
Image: NASA/JPL/ASU Related Posts: As the Martian Seasons Change, NASA's Robots Press OnPhoenix, Meet Bruno, a Smart and Nimble European Mars Rover


The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This virus attacks the immune (infection-fighting) system and destroys white blood cells called lymphocytes. People who are infected with HIV are HIV positive (HIV+). However, blood tests may be negative if done very early after being infected. After several months or years of being HIV+, AIDS may develop, when the immune system is very weak.
Over 30 million people are infected with HIV worldwide.
HIV is usually caught from sexual activity (opposite or same sex) partners, contact with bodily fluids (including semen and vaginal secretions), use of an infected needle, or from blood transfusion. It may also be passed from an infected mother to her unborn child. People cannot get infected by casual contact such as holding hands, drinking from a water fountain, or contact with a toilet seat.
People may at first have no symptoms, but 1 to 6 weeks after infection, many have flu-like symptoms. These may include body aches, fatigue, fever, headache, nausea, and rash. After these symptoms, most people may not have any others for several months or years until the virus significantly weakens the immune system. Then they get infections that can involve lungs, eyes, or skin and can be life threatening. Other symptoms may be diarrhea, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite and weight, memory loss, mouth sores, night sweats, skin cancer, swollen glands, and trouble thinking.
The health care provider makes a diagnosis from a medical history, physical examination, and blood tests.
Treatment depends on the stage of infection. An infectious disease specialist will prescribe medicine to strengthen the immune system and fight the virus. Blood tests must be done often to see how well the medicines work. Life-long medicine will be needed.
Other medicines may be needed for loss of appetite. A nutritionist will help plan a healthy diet.
Exposure to other infections should be avoided. Support groups can help people deal with HIV. Activities aren’t restricted, but rest and eating well are important. To avoid exposing others to HIV infection, use condoms and don’t donate blood or sperm.
Contact the following sources:
Copyright © 2016 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.
Ferri’s Netter Patient Advisor


The neuronal cytoskeleton not only provides the structural backbone of neurons, but also plays a fundamental role in maintaining neuronal functions. Dysregulation of neuronal architecture is evident in both injury and diseases of the central nervous system. These changes often result in the disruption of protein trafficking, loss of synapses and the death of neurons, ultimately impacting on signal transmission and manifesting in the disease phenotype. Furthermore, mutations in cytoskeletal proteins have been implicated in numerous diseases and, in some cases, identified as the cause of the disease, highlighting the critical role of the cytoskeleton in disease pathology. This review focuses on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the pathology of mental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and motor function deficits. In particular, we illustrate how cytoskeletal proteins can be directly linked to disease pathology and progression.
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||Frontiers in Biology|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Feb 2014|
- actin, microtubules
- intermediate filaments
- nervous system


Many people are looking for ways to escape the stress of everyday life, and complementary alternative medicine is often the relief they find. Many of these methods date to prehistorical times, as remains of people who have used medicinal herbs to try and improve their condition have been found in the Italian Alps. Ayurvedic medicine, which focused on balancing the body, mind, and spirit, originated in India over 2000 years ago.
Other types of healing include meditation, massage, reiki, pranic healing, pilates, and more. Holistic nutrition training can also be considered complementary alternative medicine. Holistic medicine refers to healing that addresses the mind, body and spirit of the person. It is based on the belief that the most powerful healer in life is unconditional love. And, of course, learning to eat healthy in oder to prevent and treat disease is part of loving yourself. A wellness health coach, or holistic counselor, will help you assess your diet and suggest ways to change it on order to promote healthy eating and nutrition, and decrease and prevent health disorders and illnesses.
If you are interested in learning more about complementary alternative medicine, there are many health and wellness websites available for education. They will give you a lot of tips on what to do, as well as locations for further resources. Health coaching websites can be useful to those who do not have either the time, ability, or money to go to a health counselor in person.Share This : by


Over 40% of children under five years of age are stunted in Pakistan, according to the National Nutrition Survey. When these children enter the workforce 20 years later, it will be difficult for them to work and meet the challenging demands of day to day life. EurAsian Times brings you a report from Pakistan’s Samaa TV.
Pakistan Kneels Down To Terrorists; Suspends Anti-Polio Campaign Nationwide
Provincial programme coordinator for the decline of stunting and malnutrition in Sindh’s livestock sector, Dr Kalhoro, explained the reasons behind the high rate of stunting in children. He said that the mother’s level of education plays a huge role in determining the child’s health.
They found that in cases where the mother was uneducated, the stunting rate was the highest: 57%. When the mother had completed primary education, the stunting rate was 50%, whereas the stunting rate was 37% in children whose mothers had completed matriculation.
“In order to track stunting, we take the weight and height for the first 1,000 days from conception. The first 1,000 days are very important for the child,” stated the report.
The mother’s health during this period had a direct impact on the child’s health. The access to healthcare and food were the second and third most important factors according to reports.
Poverty had a great part to play in the increasing rates of malnutrition. If you compare the data across urban and rural areas, the stunting rate is higher in rural areas. This was due to the lack of access to healthcare and nutritious food.
“We are creating awareness in 265,000 households. There is a lot of misinformation spread on social media. People read inaccurate stories and stop eating certain foods. They should talk to experts and rely on their opinion,” the report stated.
“In other developed countries, they eat around 110 to 114kg of meat per capita per year. Whereas we are still consuming between 12 and 14kg per capita,” he said. Comparing data across the region, Sri Lanka had the lowest rate of stunting at only 17%.


What is a pressure ulcer?
A pressure ulcer is when the skin and tissue under the skin is injured. Pressure ulcers can happen anywhere. They are most common on the heels, elbows, and hips.
Stages of pressure ulcers
Apples are used to represent pressure ulcers.
When the skin is pressed, the red color of the apple will not go away and the color won't change.
The outer skin of the apple is partly removed.
There is a bite in the apple.
The bite is far into the core.
Suspected deep tissue injury
A bruised apple has a dark spot. It is unknown how "bad the apple is under the spot.
A caramel covered apple has a thick caramel completely covering the apple. No one can see and know what is happening under it.
What are possible causes?
- Constant pressure on the skin for a long time
What are some symptoms?
- Redness and warmth
- Strange smell
What to do?
- Stay hydrated
- Eat more protein to help with healing
- Eat more calories to help with healing
- May need a multivitamin supplement
- Consult a doctor or dietitian before making big changes
- DeMarco S. Wound and Pressure Ulcer Management. Johns Hopkins Medicine, based in Baltimore, Maryland. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gec/series/wound_care.html. Published June 14, 2017. Accessed January 19, 2021.
- Wake WT. Pressure ulcers: what clinicians need to know. The Permanente journal. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2912087/. Published 2010. Accessed January 19, 2021.
- Overview pressure ulcer (pressure sores) . NHS Choices. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pressure-sores/. Updated April 15, 2020. Accessed January 24, 2021.
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutrition Care Manual. http://www.nutritioncaremanual.org. Accessed December 12, 2020.


Chapter 20, Mishna 5
As we complete Chapter 20 with some seemingly unrelated and highly specific rabbinic decrees like moving straw off a bed on Shabbos or clothes off a “consumer” pressing board, let’s take a moment to read today’s reading from this week’s Torah portion. In the final month of Moses’ life, he teaches the most important wisdom he’s acquired. He reminds the people how stubborn they are how likely they are to stray from the CHUKIM u’MISHPATIM, the laws we don’t understand and even the laws we think we understand, and the consequences for abandoning them. These laws are a lifeline for the Jewish people, and clinging to them as a people has saved us from going the way of all the other lost peoples for 3,000 years, including 2,000 since we lost the Temple. With this in mind, we return to these final laws of Chapter 20. We may move muktzeh items on Shabbos in an atypical way but not in the typical way. We may crush peppers on Shabbos in an atypical way, and only for the immediate needs of a meal before us. We may scrape mud off our shoes on a rock or a wall (mostly), but not on the ground where we may come to fill in holes. We may not wear oversize or torn shoes lest we come to carry them. We may take news shoes off a shoe-form.


What is pilonidal disease and what causes it?
Pilonidal disease is a chronic infection of the skin in the region of the buttock crease. The condition results from a reaction to hairs embedded in the skin, commonly occurring in the cleft between the buttocks. The disease is more common in men than women and frequently occurs between puberty and age 40. It is also common in obese people and those with thick, stiff body hair.
How is pilonidal disease treated?
The treatment depends on the disease pattern. An acute abscess is managed with an incision and drained to release the pus, and reduce the inflammation and pain. This procedure usually can be performed in the office with local anesthesia. A chronic sinus usually will need to be excised or surgically opened.
Complex or recurrent disease must be treated surgically. Procedures vary from unroofing the sinuses to excision (Figure 2) and possible closure with flaps. Larger operations require longer healing times. If the wound is left open, it will require dressing or packing to keep it clean. Although it may take several weeks to heal, the success rate with open wounds is higher. Closure with flaps is a bigger operation that has a higher chance of infection; however, it may be required in some patients. Your surgeon will discuss these options with you and help you select the appropriate operation.
What care is required after surgery?
If the wound can be closed, it will need to be kept clean and dry until the skin is completely healed. If the wound must be left open, dressings or packing will be needed to help remove secretions and to allow the wound to heal from the bottom up.
After healing, the skin in the buttocks crease must be kept clean and free of hair. This is accomplished by shaving or using a hair removal agent every two or three weeks until age 30. After age 30, the hair shaft thins, becomes softer and the buttock cleft becomes less deep.


Effect of climate change on Oriental fruit fly in New Zealand and the Pacific
AbstractA CLIMEX model of the Oriental fruit fly (OFF) indicates that under the reference climate (19611990) OFF could persist throughout most of the central Pacific In New Zealand it could establish throughout much of the lowlying areas of the North Island and much of New Zealand could support shortterm populations during the summer months Climate change scenarios for the 2080s indicate that in the central Pacific the change in potential distribution is relatively minor However parts of New Zealand could become substantially more climatically suitable increasing the likelihood of successful establishment of OFF after an incursion and seriously threatening the horticultural sector Should OFF become established in New Zealand it is likely to follow any expansion of the horticultural sector into the coastal areas of the eastern part of the South Island as far south as Oamaru
How to Cite
Kriticos, D.J., A.E.A. Stephens, and A. Leriche. “Effect of Climate Change on Oriental Fruit Fly in New Zealand and the Pacific”. New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 271–278. Accessed June 4, 2023. https://journal.nzpps.org/index.php/nzpp/article/view/4602.


Anxiety is a normal human emotion that everyone experiences at some point in their life. However, when anxiety becomes excessive and persistent, it can lead to several mental health disorders such as panic attacks, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this article, we will discuss the differences between pathological anxiety and normal anxiety.
Pathological Anxiety vs Normal Anxiety:
Normal anxiety is a natural response to stressful situations and is usually mild to moderate in intensity. It helps individuals stay alert and focused on the task at hand. On the other hand, pathological anxiety is excessive and intense, making it difficult for individuals to control their emotions.
Normal anxiety usually subsides once the stressful situation has passed or when the individual adapts to it. However, pathological anxiety may persist for weeks or even months, even though there are no apparent triggers.
Normal anxiety does not affect an individual’s daily functioning and can be managed through relaxation techniques and coping strategies. Pathological anxiety, on the other hand, can severely impair an individual’s ability to function normally in their personal or professional life.
4. Physical Symptoms
Both normal and pathological anxieties can cause physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat, sweating palms, shortness of breath, stomach upset or nausea etc., but in case of pathological anxieties these symptoms are severe enough to interfere an individual’s life.
Normal anxiety does not require medical treatment as it can be managed through self-help techniques like exercise meditation etc., while pathological anxiety requires medical attention such as talk therapy &/or medication prescription depending on its severity.
While everyone experiences some level of stress or worry in their daily lives; when these worries become excessive & frequently interfere with one’s everyday life it could be time to speak to a mental health professional. Understanding the differences between pathological and normal anxiety can help you identify the right way to tackle it. Normal anxiety is part of being human, but pathological anxiety needs to be addressed so that individuals can go back to leading a healthy and balanced life.


Today, the majority of German citizens live in cities where climate information is available to support city management and urban planning to reduce or minimize negative climate impacts on inhabitants. Detailed modelling of city climate is very complex and time-consuming, however, DWD has developed an online information portal for climate change adaptation in cities (INKAS). This is a decision-support tool that allows city managers to identify, assess and implement necessary climate change adaptation actions.
In Jena, DWD provided climate measurements and simulations for recent and future regional climate conditions, considering current and hypothetical future urban planning. The city used the information to develop its own local strategy for adapting to climate change. “Due to the increase of numerous trends, such as thermal heating in compact areas, dryness, especially in the summer months, or floods, JenKAS is an important milestone for the city and its citizens to better prepare to the impacts of climate change,” said Matthias Lerm, Department Urban Development and Town Planning of Jena. “Therefore, cooperation with DWD has helped to identify and better understand both temperature conditions during summer months and nightly cold air conditions.”
Simulations are frequently used to identify flows of fresh air into cities and to avoid blocking these by new building structures. Awareness of urban heat island problems, prompted the city of Hamburg to implement a green roof programme, which aims to reduce the effects by installing up to 100 hectares of green roofs by 2020.
Simulations for Frankfurt/Main show an increase in the number of warm days in the future. “For the first time the joint project between the municipal authorities and the DWD provided an estimate of the future urban thermal stress for the city,” said Hans-Georg Dannert, Office for the Environment of Frankfurt am Main. He explained that the simulations are an important basis for the city’s adaptation strategy and serve as a major guidance for environmental and city planning as well as for political policymakers.
Preview workshops have improved technical skills in crop modelling and the use of remote sensing products at the national meteorological and hydrological services of participating countries as well as improved their relations with the media for a more efficient and broader dissemination of weather and climate warnings and agricultural advices.
The final technical workshop will include a project evaluation and the definition of a new project.
Artist depiction of Hamburg with green roofs. (© BUE, visualization: TH Treibhaus Landschaftsarchitektur, aerial picture: Matthias Friedel)


13 Things 2008
Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology
Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World
Box 1837 / 60 George Street
Providence, RI 02912
Telephone: (401) 863-3188
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McLuhan marks the incorporation of written language into societies as a catalyst for the transition from a general audio bias to a visual bias. With the creation of the alphabet, speeches could suddenly be recorded as well as orated, and sight began to take, in McLuhan's mind, precedence over hearing. McLuhan also states that a medium is most powerful when it changes the "form, scale, and speed of human relations and activities" (xv). Not only did the medium of text change the form of human relations, it allowed speeches and messages to travel great distances at considerable speeds, increasing the entire scale of communication. The senses could now be ranked in order from most to least powerful and relevant:
McLuhan presents his beliefs as follows: "the relationships among the five physical senses... may be ranked in order of the degree of fragmentation of perceptions received through them. Sight comes first, because the eye is such a specialized organ. Then come hearing, touch, smell, and taste, progressively less specialized senses. By contrast with the enormous power of the eye and the distances from which it can receive a stimulus, the tongue is thought capable of distinguishing only sweet, sour, bitter, and salt, and only in direct contact with the substance providing the stimulus." (xix-xx).
Though McLuhan's reasoning is biased, it reflects a general trend towards viewing vision (no pun intended) as the truest and most reliable of all the senses. Recall the popular phrase "You'll have to see it to believe it!" It is no wonder that advertisers today still rely heavily on the visual to market their products.
Back to From the morning commute to the midnight study break: How and where does one absorb the Phoenix?


Participation in National Girls and Women in Sports Day is part of the DCSAA’s commitment to gender equity in sports and increasing the awareness of Title IX issues and promoting the participation of girls and women in sports.
National Girls and Women in Sports Day (NGWSD) began in 1987 as a special day in our nation’s capital to recognize women’s sports. The day united premiere organizations and elite female athletes to bring national attention to the promise of girls and women in sports.
In 1987, NGWSD also served as a remembrance of Olympic volleyball player, Flo Hyman, for her athletic achievements and dedication to promoting equality for women’s sports. NGWSD has since evolved into an event to acknowledge the accomplishments of female athletes, the positive influence of sports participation and the continuing struggle for equality for women in sports.
NGWSD is celebrated annually across all 50 states with community-based events, award ceremonies and other celebratory activities.
DC National Girls and Women in Sports Day Expo:
Last year marked the second annual DC National Girls and Women in Sports Day Expo in partnership with the DC Department of Parks and Recreation. The Expo is one of more than 1,000 events that take place across the country for National Girls and Women in Sports Day each year. Only 40% of high school girls are currently playing sports, leaving three-in-five girls without the opportunity to play. Decades of research show that girls who play sports have better health, higher self-esteem, greater academic achievement, stronger leadership skills, greater economic opportunity and so much more. The DCSAA and DPR are proud to work together through NGWSD to get more girls in the game and expand their opportunities both in sports and in life.
The Expo allows over 300 girls, young women, and their parents to survey over 30 different organizations that offer sports and physical activities for girls. Student participants are also able to try over 14 different sports during sports demonstrations and clinics conducted by participating organizations.


Renewable power is vitality generated from natural resources—similar to sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. The Russian Far East is endowed with a wealth of natural sources — oil, pure gasoline, ores, copper, diamonds, gold, forests, and fish — and but only 6 million people inhabit the area, compared to the greater than 38 million who live in China’s Heilongjiang province to the south.
The advantages of algal biofuel are that it can be produced industrially, thereby obviating using arable land and meals crops (corresponding to soy, palm, and canola), and that it has a very excessive oil yield as in comparison with all other sources of biofuel.
Already the muse for alcohol to serve as an alternative to fossil fuels was laid in 1917, when Alexander Graham Bell advocated ethanol from corn, wheat, and different foods as an alternative choice to coal and oil, stating that the world was in measurable distance of depleting these fuels.
Tidal energy initiatives haven’t fairly taken off within the United States, but South Korea and France personal tidal energy vegetation with power output capacities of 254 MW and 240 MW, respectively – on par with smaller fossil-gas amenities. The world’s first commercial nuclear energy station, Calder Hall at Windscale, England, was opened in 1956.
However, about 5% of the electrical energy generated in California was produced from geothermal, though there are important geothermal assets that could possibly be utilized (EIA 2011). Hydrogen is a tremendous source of power and can be used as a source of gasoline to power ships, autos, properties, industries and rockets.


Service learning is a teaching strategy, not a program. This section contains segments of the training materials that are used in Mesa Public Schools to help teachers from Pre-Kindergarten through high school as they incorporate service learning into their classes, clubs, teams, and other school groups. In February of 2011 the pdf of the latest training manual, Service for a Life Time: A Training Manual for Educators K16, was added as a tab and may be downloaded in its entirety. College ideas are included in the latest manual.
The basic components are: What is Service Learning. Why? (What are the Benefits?), and How to Do Service (The “PAR” Model), where, and when (including National Service Days).
Ideas for projects may be found throughout this website, but the prototypes are the best way to get the big picture of how to put together a service learning project that combines academic and service learning standards, and the best practices of service learning. The State and National Standards follow on the next two tabs.
Mesa Service Learning offers training to educators K12 on service learning. For a current schedule of professional development workshops, go to Resources/Mesa/Training Opportunities on this site.


Resilience is that affable quality that allows some people to be knocked down by life and come back stronger than ever (Psychology Today).
Building resiliency can provide a new window towards stated goals and help adjust your mental outlook. There will still be days where you will face challenges, but resiliency helps adapt to the challenges and come out stronger.
There are multiple techniques to use to build resiliency. The American Psychological Association (APA) list the following:
- Make connections
- Avoid seeing crisis as insurmountable
- Accept change
- Move towards your goals
- Take decisive actions
- Look for opportunities for self-discovery
- Nurture a positive view of yourself
- Keeps things in perspective
- Maintain a hopeful outlook
- Take care of yourself
These are great reminders to add to your toolkit to help your personal and professional growth.
Two stand out to me: Move towards your goals and nurture a positive view of yourself.
Setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Results-focused, time based) goals can enhance your journey towards resiliency. The SMART goal process will create a platform to view progress and adjust as needed. SMART goal formation shows if you are truly moving towards your goals and highlights growth.
Nurture a positive view of yourself
This trait comes back to self-awareness and the ability to foster positive self-talk. We can be our own worst critic in life, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Look for ways to give yourself credit for your progress (SMART goals) and generate positive thoughts (Irie) needed to enjoy the day. There will be bumps in the road, but resiliency helps you navigate the tough times and come out on the other side better than before. Continue to practice positive self-talk as you interact throughout the day.
Building resiliency is an on-going process. Practice resiliency daily and adjust as needed. It will be well worth it as resiliency will help you power through your day.
The Road to Resilience. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2018, from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx


Earth without the Moon? 5 Things We’d Miss!
- Our tides would be just 40% of what they are now. They would be caused by the sun. Since the sun is 400 times further away from the moon than us, it would need to be 64 million times the size of the moon to cause tides of a similar level. As it is 27 million times as big as the moon, it would cause smaller tides.
- Our days would be just 6-8 hours long. That’s because the moon’s tidal friction slows the earth’s rotation gradually. So, if there never was a moon, earth’s rotation would’ve been 3-4 times faster than what is it now, so our days would be shorter. So, there would be 1000-1400 days in a year.
- Our axis’s tilt would differ widely over time. The earth rotates on its axis, right? The moon keeps our axis tilted between 23 to 26 degrees. Otherwise, if we orbit in the same plane as our rotation, we would have no seasons, like Mercury. Or if we rolled like a barrel, we would have extreme seasons like Uranus.
- There would be no eclipses. No lunar eclipses naturally, without the moon, and no solar eclipses either. What’s the moon got to do with solar eclipses? The moon’s shadow is nearly equal to the length of the distance between Earth and the moon. If the moon wasn’t around to cover the sun, no eclipses would happen.
- Nights would be much darker. Right now, we rely greatly on the moon to be able to see at night. Without it, the stars would be there, but they wouldn’t be of much help. Think of this- Venus is considered bright, but it is not as bright as the moon. In fact, it’s even possible that our vision would’ve developed differently if the moon hadn’t been around!
For more interesting Geography articles and videos, visit: https://mocomi.com/learn/geography/
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Plant Pathology Department
Date of this Version
Published in final edited form as: Adv Virus Res. 2006 ; 66: 293–336.
- DOI: 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66006-5
Chlorella viruses or chloroviruses are large, icosahedral, plaque‐forming, double‐stranded‐DNA— containing viruses that replicate in certain strains of the unicellular green alga Chlorella. DNA sequence analysis of the 330‐kbp genome of Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV‐1), the prototype of this virus family (Phycodnaviridae), predict ∼366 protein‐encoding genes and 11 tRNA genes. The predicted gene products of ∼50% of these genes resemble proteins of known function, including many that are completely unexpected for a virus. In addition, the chlorella viruses have several features and encode many gene products that distinguish them from most viruses. These products include: (1) multiple DNA methyltransferases and DNA site‐specific endonucleases, (2) the enzymes required to glycosylate their proteins and synthesize polysaccharides such as hyaluronan and chitin, (3) a virus‐encoded K+ channel (called Kcv) located in the internal membrane of the virions, (4) a SET domain containing protein (referred to as vSET) that dimethylates Lys27 in histone 3, and (5) PBCV‐1 has three types of introns; a self‐splicing intron, a spliceosomal processed intron, and a small tRNA intron. Accumulating evidence indicates that the chlorella viruses have a very long evolutionary history. This review mainly deals with research on the virion structure, genome rearrangements, gene expression, cell wall degradation, polysaccharide synthesis, and evolution of PBCV‐1 as well as other related viruses.
Published by Elsevier. Used by permission.


Memristor: Chip That Mimics Human Brain
Scientists, including one of Indian origin, are developing a computer chip that mimics the human brain.
Today's computing chips are incredibly complex and contain billions of nano-scale transistors, allowing for fast, high-performance computers, pocket-sized smartphones that far outpace early desktop computers, and an explosion in handheld tablets, the researchers said.
Despite their ability to perform thousands of tasks in the blink of an eye, none of these devices even come close to rivalling the computing capabilities of the human brain. But a Boise State University research team could soon change that.
Electrical and computer engineering faculty Elisa Barney Smith, Kris Campbell and Vishal Saxena have taken on the challenge of developing a new kind of computing architecture that works more like a brain than a traditional digital computer.
"By mimicking the brain's billions of interconnections and pattern recognition capabilities, we may ultimately introduce a new paradigm in speed and power, and potentially enable systems that include the ability to learn, adapt and respond to their environment," said Barney Smith, principal investigator of the study.
The project's success rests on a memristor - a resistor that can be programmed to a new resistance by application of electrical pulses and remembers its new resistance value once the power is removed.
Memristors were first hypothesised to exist in 1972 (in conjunction with resistors, capacitors and inductors) but were fully realised as nano-scale devices only in the last decade.
The team's research builds on recent work from scientists who have derived mathematical algorithms to explain the electrical interaction between brain synapses and neurons.
"By employing these models in combination with a new device technology that exhibits similar electrical response to the neural synapses, we will design entirely new computing chips that mimic how the brain processes information," said Barney Smith.
These new chips will consume power at an order of magnitude lower than current computing processors, despite the fact that they match existing chips in physical dimensions.
This will open the door for ultra low-power electronics intended for applications with scarce energy resources, such as in space, environmental sensors or biomedical implants.
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Unit 4 – Area of study 1 – Media Production
In this area of study we focus on learning the following dot points:
• Production and post-production of the media production process.
• Students undertake personal reflection and seek feedback on their work, developing, refining and resolving.
• Use of media codes and conventions in production and post-production.
• Documentation of iterations and evaluation of the product after feedback.
• Development, refinement and resolution of the media product is documented.
• Sole direction of the student and documented in the media production design plan.
By the end of this area of study you should be able to Methods, realise, apply, reflect and document these dot points.
• production and post-production processes used to realise a media production design
• the operation of equipment, materials and technologies used in the creation of media products
• media codes and conventions relevant to the selected form, product and audience
• reflection and feedback processes to refine and resolve media products
• methods for documenting development, refinement and realisation of media products
• media language appropriate to the construction and evaluation of media representations.
• realise a media production design through production and post-production processes
• operate equipment, materials and technologies in the production of a media product
• apply media codes and conventions relevant to the selected media form, product and audience
• use reflection and feedback to refine and resolve a media product
• document the development, refinement and resolution of a media product
• use media language relevant to the construction and evaluation of media representations.
Magazine – Print Production
If you are planning to create a print publication and want a particular finish to the printing and binding make sure you investigate who and where can do what. Locally you may find that your local printing house, like Officeworks or Kmart may not produce the finish you want. You may need to go to Bookwrite and download the application that allows you to create your publication and layout for free. However, if you want to print it you will need to send this off to America, in which you will need to allow the time frame of delivery. I recommend allowing up to 4 weeks for this. Include this in your timeline. Also check the cost of printing and this will need to be budgeted for.


The bright yummy yellow has always been neglected due to cholesterol misconceptions by non-nutrition-trained health experts and vegans. But now, there is yet another reason to eat eggs.
That’s because starting the day with a three-egg omelette could make people more charitable, according to new research into how diet affects behaviour.
Researchers have long known that eggs are brimming with protein and essential amino acids and provide us with every vitamin we need, apart from vitamin C. Now, though, researchers at the Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition in The Netherlands have found that a compound found in eggs acts on brain chemicals, including serotonin, to make men and women donate twice as much to charity. The research found that high levels of tryptophan, or TRP, an essential amino acid, are found in eggs, fish and milk. It plays a key role in the production of serotonin, a brain chemical which is involved in mood and social behaviour, including co-operation and friendliness. Low levels have been associated with social isolation and aggression.
So go ahead: reach for fish, eggs, soy and milk, to promote feel-good chemicals in your brain and become more.
“It may be likely that the willingness to donate money to a charity is modulated by the effect that serotonin exerts on oxytocin levels,” said the researchers writing in the journal Frontiers in Psychology. “Our results support the materialist approach that ‘you are what you eat’.”
Dr Adam Perkins, lecturer in the neurobiology of personality at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, at King’s College London, said the study could be useful in places such as prisons, “where food supplements containing TRP might help increase harmony among inmates”.
Reproduced from The Independent
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The United Nations Development Programme is leading a climate change effort that might finally address concerns many advocates have: bridging the gap between people and governments.
The ‘Mission 1.5, a campaign’ was launched in New York on February 14, 2020 with the purpose of bringing the people closer to their governments with their suggested and even ambitious climate action plans.
Under this campaign, the UNDP released a new mobile game called Mission 1.5 that is intended to educate global citizens about climate change and let them vote on possible solutions.
The game targets 20 million people around the globe.
The game takes players through the different sectors of the economy that are contributing the most to climate change, such as transportation, energy, and agriculture. It also introduces them to ways to reduce gas emissions, such as by improving urban planning and transportation, using renewable energy sources, and eating plant-based diets.
Pluc creator, Divvyesh, who is a pro gamer, reviewed the game.
“The graphics are interesting, and they really educate users on different aspects of climate change”, said Divvyesh.
In this game, the players are asked questions about solutions for climate change in different fields such as green economy, fossil fuels, corporate responsibility, and others.
The questions have three options for answers — while one of the three is usually an answer that is obviously against progress towards appropriate climate action, the other two are more nuanced. And based on the answer one picks, they’re awarded either 700 points or 1,000 points.
“The game is not for just young kids, the organizers reiterated that this game can be played by anyone around the world, irrespective of their age and location,” added Divvyesh.
“After every level, the game tells us if our answers are leading us to save the earth or not. It’s a really interesting way to educate people on climate change because it addresses policy as well as the personal behavior of the general public,” he said.
“Being a gamer the normal tendency may be to rate it but one needs to look at the larger cause that needs to be espoused to the world to save this planet,” he added.


A sustainable transportation system is one in which people’s needs and desires for access to jobs, commerce, recreation, culture and home are accommodated using a minimum of resources. Applying of to transportation will reduce pollution generated by gasoline powered engines, noise, traffic congestion, land devaluation, urban sprawl, economic segregation, and injury to drivers, pedestrians and cyclists. In addition, the costs of commuting, shipping, housing and goods will be . Ultimately in a sustainable San Francisco, almost all trips to and the City will be on public transit, foot or bicycle – as will a good part of trips to the larger Bay Region. Walking through streets designed for pedestrians and bicycles will be more pleasant than walking through those designed for the automobile. Street-front retail and commercial establishments will prosper from the large of foot traffic drawn to an environment enhanced by trees, appropriately designed “street furniture,” (street lights, bicycle racks, benches, and the like) and other people. Rents and property costs will be lowered as land for off street parking is no required or needed.
|Title||A sustainable transportation system|
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Located in the neck just below the larynx, the thyroid gland regulates your body's energy levels and releases hormones that regulate your metabolism. Thyroid hormones influence virtually every organ system in the body, telling organs how fast or slow they should work. Thyroid surgery is performed for several reasons and can include symptomatic thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cysts, goiter, Graves’ disease, and to rule out or treat thyroid cancer. To diagnose thyroid conditions, ultrasound surveillance and ultrasound-guided biopsies would need to be performed.
The parathyroid glands are four small glands in the neck that are part of the endocrine system. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which maintains calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood. The primary disease associated with the parathyroid is overproduction of PTH, known as hyperparathyroidism. Although not a cancerous condition, hyperparathyroidism is often caused by a tumor on the parathyroid gland, known as an adenoma, which enlarges the affected gland and causes it to continuously secrete PTH. In this case, the parathyroid tumor and/or gland would need to be removed surgically.
Pituitary Gland Surgery
The pituitary gland, located within the skull, connects to the hypothalamus and links brain activity with hormone production to help maintain the function of organs throughout the body. Pituitary gland surgery may be performed if a cancerous or noncancerous tumor needs to be removed.