Pollution prevention (P2) is any activity that reduces or eliminates the creation of pollutants or waste at the source. Pollution prevention can save your business money in products purchased, waste not generated, and may even reduce environmental regulations that your business is subject to.
Idaho DEQ P2 page
Details about each of the 2021 Pollution Prevention Champions
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center
PPRC is a trusted source of unbiased scientifically based information and training to help businesses and local governments implement toxics reduction and prevent pollution.
EPA’s Safer Choice program certifies products that work
Safer Choice website
Searchable list of Safer Choice products
Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) at the University of Massachusetts Lowell provides resources and tools to help businesses, municipalities, and communities find safer alternatives to toxic chemicals.
Tools to help you find safer alternatives Including: Pollution Prevention Options Analysis System Tool, Cleaner Solutions Database, and Alternative Assessment Tool.


There are many reasons for going green. According to the Sustainable Operations Survey, health care organizations cite better public health, environmental stewardship and substantial cost savings that can be used to improve patient care as top reasons for going green.
And, as more and more health care organizations go the green route, it has become evident that there are many ways to get there.
St. Joseph’s Hospital Health Center in Syracuse, N.Y., earned recognition from the American Society for Healthcare Engineering for its cogeneration plant that was built to support a $220 million expansion. In its first year of operation, the plant produced 26 million kilowatts per hour, meeting 80 percent of its electrical needs and 95 percent of its steam consumption. The hospital estimates that the plant reduces annual utility costs by $1 million.
Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center’s effort to go green targeted its chiller plants. After upgrading its 12 chillers, the hospital reduced energy costs by $300,000 a year and decreased its carbon footprint by 7 million pounds in the first year. It’s also saving more than 1.4 million gallons of water.
Hospitals that are successful in their green initiatives tend to establish clear goals before launching into new projects. For instance, a group of Boston hospitals is tracking ahead of city and state greenhouse gas emission reduction goals. Massachusetts has mandated emissions cuts of 25 percent by 2020. Boston area hospitals are on track to reduce emissions by 33 percent by 2020.


An educational curricula was pilot tested in 2020 by Extension professionals in Nebraska and Minnesota. It utilizes a table-top sized map game board, six pre-planned scenarios, and interactive planning by small groups to select preferred manure application sites. The curricula addresses:
- How far will I need to travel to manage manure nitrogen? Phosphorus?
- Which fields benefit the most agronomically from manure?
- How far can I afford to travel?
- Which fields benefit most from manure’s soil health benefits?
- What water quality risks are connected with individual fields?
- How can I use a weather forecast to minimize neighbor’s odor risks?
These activities often lead to lots of peer-to-peer teaching. For example, we have witnessed discussions about minimizing compactions and planning to minimize impacts on community infrastructure and neighbors. As participants work through these discussions, they add their happy and sad face emojis to the map to weigh the benefits and concerns connected to individual fields.
Resources Available for Adapting to Your State
The curricula includes:
- a 25-square mile map,
- scenarios set up for six alternative animal feeding operations (you pick one for your group),
- four alternative fields for land application with simplified information cards (soil tests, soil health tests, nutrient requirements, water quality risk indicators), and
- worksheets and one-page information sheets for each of the six scenarios.
You may download electronic copies of all resources, adapt to your state, and begin sharing a highly interactive and peer-to-peer educational experience.
Thank you for your interest in the curricula. Please fill out the following form to access the files:


Can Seahorses and Turtles live together? If you are a great fan of Turtles and Seahorses, you might be thinking if it is possible to keep both of them in the same aquarium and take care of them as Pets. Read this article to the end, as it will answer your question.
Can Seahorses live with Turtles? No, Seahorses living with turtles is strictly forbidden because turtles feed on Seahorses.
Although there are many types and species of turtles, all the same, non is recommended to be kept with Seahorses because they are their natural predators.
Nevertheless, some species of Turtles share many things in common with some species of seahorses such as having the same or almost the same water parameters and staying in the same type of water, but the only reason why they can’t be kept together in a tank is that turtles will kill and eat them.
Apart from feeding on them, Turtles might be slow on land, but they are very fast on water, so the Turtles will grab their food and starve them.
Even if you decide to divide the tank and separate both animals, the Seahorses will still be at a great disadvantage because they are fragile and requires proper care, so, any slight change in water parameters, be it pH, temperature, etc will hurt them more.
Again Turtles will stress them to death even if they don’t eat them, which is not even possible, no matter the size of the Seahorses.
Related: Can 2 female Seahorses share a tank?
Related: Can Seahorses share a tank with Starfish?
Can Seahorses Live in an Aquarium with a Red-Eared slider Turtle?
No, Turtles do prey on Seahorses.
No specie of Turtle, not even the red-eared turtles because will prey upon Seahorses at any slightest chance they get.
In every indication, turtles and Seahorses are not compatible and will never be kept together, not even in a large aquarium.


The world’s largest snake has been unveiled, breaking all previous records. Measuring an incredible length of 28.5 feet, the newly discovered snake species has stunned scientists with its colossal size.
The new snake species belongs to the boa constrictor family, and has been named Titanoboa cerrejonensis. It lived about 60 million years ago, and was discovered in a coal mine in Colombia.
The scientists who discovered the Titanoboa believe it is the largest snake ever to have lived, making the previously largest anaconda and python look like mere pygmies in comparison. The size of this new serpent was calculated based on the fossilized vertebrae found at the mine site.
The Titanoboa is not only the longest snake ever discovered, but it is also the heaviest, weighing in at over 2,500 pounds. It is believed that the snake’s size and weight enabled it to not only dominate the land as the top predator, but also gave it an advantage in the water.
The scientists believe that the Titanoboa lived in a warm, wet environment and was able to hunt massive prey, such as crocodiles and alligators. Its large size also meant that it could move easily through the water, making it a very skilled swimmer.
The discovery of the Titanoboa has caused great excitement in the scientific community, as it provides new insight into the evolution of reptiles and their adaptation to changing environments. It also raises many questions about what other giant creatures may have roamed the earth millions of years ago.
Despite its impressive size, it is believed that Titanoboa cerrejonensis was not venomous and was a constrictor like the boas of today. However, even without venom, the Titanoboa would have been a fearsome predator, capable of taking down even the largest prey.
In conclusion, the discovery of the Titanoboa has not only set a new standard for the world’s largest snake, but it has also provided new insight into the evolution of reptiles and their ability to adapt to changing environments. Its impressive size and weight may have made it a formidable predator millions of years ago, and it is a reminder of the importance of understanding our planet’s past in order to better understand our present and future.


My Favorite Nearpod Lesson – Hamilton vs. Jefferson
This is a guest blog post by Meagan Frazier, a 7th grade Humanities teacher at St. Mark’s School of Texas
I teach 7th grade Humanities at an all-boys school in Dallas, Texas. This course is a combination of a traditional English course complete with novel studies, grammar instruction, vocabulary instruction, and writing. It also includes a comprehensive study of American History from the First Americans until the end of the Civil War. A typical day will find us working on grammar and vocabulary or writing, then tying in our novel study to what we are learning in American History. In addition to the academics that I instill in the classroom, we also spend a lot of time developing the concepts of manhood, leadership, and character education. So all of our lessons and studies are taught through that particular lens.
My favorite Nearpod lesson is Hamilton vs. Jefferson by Eric Shufflebarger. Previously, I taught this topic within the frame of Washington’s Presidency. The students spent time learning about his presidential cabinet and the “drama” that existed in starting a new nation. Students would take notes and then at the end do a holistic comparison and contrast using a graphic organizer (usually a venn diagram) and then complete a written response.
My students LOVED the Hamilton vs. Jefferson Nearpod lesson this year. Instead of focusing on all of the cabinet members, we honed in on these two great minds. I loved the lesson pacing, which allowed for deep discussion and reflection on each issue where Hamilton and Jefferson differed. It also gave a nice background on each of the men so that the students could better understand WHY each man felt so deeply about his convictions regarding the establishment of government. We were able to spend time debating who they agreed with as well as writing down their main points of conflict. Later in the year when we went deeper into economics and politics, my students were able to rely on their understanding of Hamilton v. Jefferson, even going so far as to argue which one would agree with a particular policy or law.
Check out the Hamilton vs. Jefferson lesson in the Nearpod store.
Nearpod’s award-winning platform is used by thousands of schools around the globe, transforming classroom engagement.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued another warning about the dangers of lead paint, saying that around 90% of homes built prior to 1940 probably affected by the problem. And it said that the majority of homes built before 1978 are probably at risk too, because it was only banned in that year.
It’s a serious health risk because even the smallest amounts of lead-laced dust can cause major problems. Lead, no matter if it’s ingested or inhaled, accumulates in the body and can have dire consequences for children and pregnant women especially. Symptoms include physical, behavioral and mental health impairment, due to the toxicity of lead.
Laws state that sellers of homes built before 1978 provide all known information about possible lead contamination in the building, In addition, buyers must also be given an opportunity to inspect the property before the sale goes ahead.
Markets where older homes are more common, such as Washington D.C., also insist that sellers disclose any orders from local authorities to mitigate lead hazards, The Washington Post reported.
“The rule of thumb that we propose in an older home: If the finishes look good, test for lead,” Erik Listou, industry instructor and co-founder of the Living In Place Institute, told the Post. “Because lead is what kept them intact. It is metal; it doesn’t degrade.”
Buyers of older homes should always use the services of an EPA-certified lead inspector to examine the building for any potential dangers. Inspectors can use X-ray-like tools to help them find hidden hazards.
"I have inspected houses built in 1900 that still have the original lead-based paint," John Burnside of Burnside Enterprises in Colorado, told the Post. "It might be under two or three layers of paint, but it is still there after 120 years."
The remediation of lead paint can involve total removal—which can cost anything from $3,000 to $10,000. Other solutions include sealing any chipping paint, or abatement practices like using a HEPA vacuum to mitigate dangers.


Duchy of Holstein
DUCHY OF HOLSTEIN
The Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein, Danish: Hertugdømmet Holsten) was the northernmost state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It originated when King Christian I of Denmark had his County of Holstein-Rendsburg elevated to a duchy by Emperor Frederick III in 1474. Members of the Danish House of Oldenburg ruled Holstein – jointly with the Duchy of Schleswig – for its entire existence.
From 1490 to 1523 and again from 1544 to 1773 the Duchy was partitioned between various Oldenburg branches, most notably the dukes of Holstein-Glückstadt (identical with the Kings of Denmark) and Holstein-Gottorp. The Duchy ceased to exist when the Kingdom of Prussia annexed it in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War.
The arms of Holstein show the Nesselblatt (nettle-leaf) of the counts of Schaumburg. The Counts of Schaumburg were also Counts of Holstein.
The oldest arms of the counts showed a lion until 1238. In 1239 the Nesselblatt appears on a seal of Count Johann I. The Nesselblatt also appears on the seals of other members of the family, including other branches of the family. The origin of the arms is not quite known. Due to its shape the figure was called a Nesselblatt (nettle-leaf). It is not used anywhere else unrelated to the Schaumburg family. It also appears in many civic arms in Holstein. The arms did not change during the many territorial changes of Holstein.
The arms in the Wapen- en Vlaggenboek van Gerrit Hesman (1708)
This page is part of the German heraldry portal
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Donohue, Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture
An extremely in-depth analysis of textual sources relating to the Greek concept of xoana, purported archaic wooden statues of gods. The book has an exhaustive analysis of sources mentioning xoana, ranging from the 5th century BC up to the 13th century AD. This is followed up with an analysis of ancient and modern theories of xoana, and a discussion about whether xoana are really a useful concept for understanding Greek sculpture, concluding that it is not coherent enough to tell us anything concrete. Contains a voluminous appendix of sources (~400), in the original Greek and translated to English.
This book is a systematic and thorough investigation of the concept ‘xoanon’, which concludes that the modern notion of xoanon as a wooden statue of great antiquity and more or less primitive style does not correspond to ancient reality and does not preserve the memory of a tradition of primitive wooden cult statues, but is a construct created out of usages and associated views which emerged in a particular cultural context in later antiquity. The idea that this modern notion of xoanon does not correspond to ancient usage is not entirely new (cf. e.g. Gross, Gnomon 54 , 572); but D.’s is a systematic and exhaustive study of the term which demonstrates beyond doubt the validity of this thesis and which also traces the shifting patterns of this term’s usage in the relevant cultural contexts and locates the emergence of the elements that gave birth to the modern notion of xoanon at a particular historical time. A special merit of this study is that it pays meticulous attention to the context, the immediate textual and the larger cultural context, in which each occurrence of the term and the notion xoanon is found.
Donohue_Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture.pdf
Donohue_Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture.txt
Donohue_Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture.html
Donohue_Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture.jpg
Donohue_Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture.zip


Emmanuel College, Cambridge & Jesus College, Oxford (jointly)
Croydon Episcopal Area
Details of the Church
Unknown/J L Pearson
The church, with its large west tower, sited north of the High Street at the eastern end is a prominent feature in the village. There has been a church on this site for over 900 years and the tower is probably the oldest part, being early Norman (about 1090) and over 5ft thick in parts. There used to be a spire which was destroyed by lightning in 1606.
Part of the chancel is also Norman and was altered in the thirteen century when the south chapel was added. The south arcade and chancel arch are of fifteenth century date. Rhode Hawkins added the north aisle in 1856 and renewed the windows in the south aisle. Further restoration work was carried out by J L Pearson who re-designed the east window of the chancel and Baker-King, who renewed the stone dressings to the tower, including the parapets.
The church is built of a mixture of local Reigate or Merstham stone, ragstone, Wealden sandstone and, for restoration work, Bath and Caen stone, with slates, clay tiles and lead covering the roofs. There is an aisled nave, chancel, south east chapel (originally dedicated to St Margaret and St Catherine but now the Clayton chapel), north east transept or Ham chapel, west tower, two storey south porch and north-east clergy and choir vestries, added in 1859 and 1910. The rood loft stair turret rises from the roof of the south aisle.


The onset of adolescence varies from teenager to teenager. Teen years are exciting phase of life but not all teens have an easy time. They have fluctuating hormones and may be overeager to experiment and push boundaries. The physical and emotional maturity brings dramatic changes in behaviour which could be a matter of conflict or distress between parents and teenagers.
Signs & Symptoms
It is hard to draw the line between normal teenage behaviour and behaviour problems. Parents need to pay attention to their growing children’s overall behaviour ranging from social activities, educational performance to self-development. The normal signs of behavioural problems are:
How to Curb?
Behavioural problems cannot be controlled at once. It may be tough to deal with rebellious teens with strict rules and discipline because this may backfire and can make them overaggressive. But it doesn’t mean that teen’s behavioural problems cannot be resolved. It is treatable through two ways- Self-help and mental health professionals.
It focuses on how to deal with aggressive teens?
Instead of dealing behavioural problems with strict rules, a consistent and loving environment is required for development. Parents need to be supportive, listen to them and understand them. Don’t expect rapid improvement.
Find out the cause of such behaviour. Is your child facing emotional issues? Is your chid facing social pressure, traumatic experience or drug abuse? A teen facing drug abuse or alcoholism needs to undergo for rehab centre care, cognitive therapy and many other programs as soon as possible.
Find new activities for your teen such as sending them to a summer camp, a family holiday etc.
Mental health Care
When parents discover that it is not possible for them to handle their teen’s behavioural problems alone, it is better to ask for help from expert psychiatrists or other mental health professionals in Mental Hospital & rehab centre in gurgaon, delhi. They have mastered the art of dealing with problems through individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy, parent training and medication. A customized program is created by analysing the teenager’s behaviour. Special diagnostic services are considered for evaluating the problem such as behavioural and development assessments, neuro development and psycho-educational evaluations etc..
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Bechtel yesterday finished building a plant that will destroy the US’s remaining stockpile of chemical weapons.
This is an important achievement but there’s more work to do, and we look forward to the day when the plant starts actual operations– Craig Albert, president of Bechtel’s Nuclear, Security & Environmental unit
The Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant in Richmond, Kentucky now enters a multi-year testing phase where simulated chemical weapons are taken apart and emptied, the company said.
Once running, the plant will use a new approach to destroy the nerve agents GB (Sarin) and VX.
As an alternative to incineration, the plant will use chemicals to neutralize the agents, followed by supercritical water oxidation – where superheated water and high pressure are used to break down the hazardous chemicals into non-hazardous ingredients.
"This is such an important facility from a global safety and security perspective," said Craig Albert, president of Bechtel’s Nuclear, Security & Environmental business unit. "This is an important achievement but there’s more work to do, and we look forward to the day when the plant starts actual operations."
The plant will help safely eliminate the remaining 10% of the nation’s decades-old chemical weapons stockpile under the Chemical Weapons Convention, a 1997 treaty signed by 190 countries.
Built under contract to the Department of Defense’s Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives, the plant will destroy 523 tons of mustard and nerve agent in rockets and artillery shells stored at the Blue Grass Army Depot.
Bechtel Parsons Blue Grass is a joint venture of Bechtel National Inc. and Parsons Government Services Inc.
Bechtel said employees have completed 5,037,710 hours and 518 days without a lost time accident and a recordable injury rate 94% lower than construction industry average.
While the main plant continues systemization, construction of the Explosive Destruction Technology facility responsible for processing weapons containing mustard agent will carry on until early 2017.
Bechtel is leading the team completing a sister plant in Pueblo, Colorado that will destroy mustard agent. That plant is now approaching the end of its testing phase.
Photograph: US airmen from the New Jersey Air National Guard in training with gas masks, February 2014 (Master Sgt. Mark Olsen/Wikimedia Commons)


Do you know all about the time when the Ancient Greeks and Romans lived? This time is called Antiquity. It lasted from 3000 BC to 500 AD.
Originally a name. Augustus, the first emperor (30 BC – 14 AD), was officially called Caesar[uitspraak: Kaisar]. When later emperors (even if they were not related) put Caesar Augustus after their name, Caesar became a title. The emperor was the most powerful man in the Roman Empire: his rulings were law, he was commander-in-chief of the army and had the cash to pay the army, he could stop all other decisions with his veto right.
Has the Netherlands been in Roman hands in history? Some places do. The Romans could only conquer the south of the Netherlands.
Nowadays, almost every village has a church. Can you imagine the church was once forbidden? In the era of the Romans, you weren't allowed to be a Christian.
Time of monks and knights
You must have been in a castle once. Castles remind us of the Middle Ages. In addition to castles, many monasteries were built during this period.
Nowadays it is polite to call a man a 'gentleman'. In the past, few men were a gentleman.
Time of cities and states
Have you ever heard of the separation between church and state? In the middle ages this did not exist yet. The Pope was more powerful than the emperor.
It will happen To you. You're four years old. You can only just talk and you'll be crowned king. In history, this was quite common.
The world is at your feet. Do you know this saying? In the era of the explorers and reformers, they have discovered almost all parts of the world.
How many churches are in town with you? Probably a lot. The Catholic churches are the oldest in history. It wasn't until later that other churches joined.
The Pope is very powerful. But back in history, his power was much greater. Did you know that the Netherlands had to fight its way free from the Catholics?


By Bonny Ibhawoh,
It was Rev. Martin Luther King who stated: “The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.” There can be no truer statement.
Very often, the positions we take as individuals and society are shaped by today’s realities and exigencies. Our decisions are concerned with the here and now. We are less concerned about the verdict of history. We rarely ask: How will future generations judge today’s expedient decisions? Will our decisions stand the “moral test of time?”
The story of Richard and Mildred Loving is an example of why, as a society, we must consider the verdict of history in the decisions we make today.
Richard and Mildred Loving, an interracial couple, were arrested in their bedroom a few days after their marriage in 1958 for violating Virginia’s “Racial Integrity Act,” a state law banning marriages between white and non-white persons. At the time, the couple did not know that they were breaking any law. When the group of arresting police officers invaded their bedroom, the couple showed them their marriage certificate from another state, hoping that it would be a defence. It became the evidence the police needed for a criminal charge.
Richard and Mildred Loving were sentenced to one year in prison and banished from the state of Virginia for 25 years. Their legal appeal against this verdict ultimately reached the US Supreme Court which declared Virginia’s anti-miscegenation law unconstitutional. The landmark case of Loving v. Virginia marked a turning point in the civil rights movement in the United States. This was not just a legal verdict, it was a moral verdict. Fifty years later, the verdict of history is also clear. The authorities in Virginia were on the wrong side of history.
The positions that we take today on social and political issues will also be judged by future generations. Knowing this, such positions should be informed not only by the contingencies and exigencies of today but also by the key question: What will the verdict of history be? We cannot always be sure of the answer, but we must never cease to ask this question.


Directions for the following four questions: Answer the questions based on the following information.
A and B are two sets (e.g. A = Mothers, B = Women).
The elements that could belong to both the sets (e.g. women who are mothers) is given by the set $$C = A \cap B$$.
The elements which could belong to either A or B, or both, is indicated by the set $$D = A \cup B$$ .
A set that does not contain any elements is known as a null set represented by $$\phi$$(e.g. if none of the women in the set B is a mother, then $$C = A \cap B$$ is a null set, or C = $$\phi$$).
Let ‘V’ signify the set of all vertebrates, ‘M’ the set of all mammals, ‘D’ dogs, ‘F’ fish, ‘A’ alsatian and ‘P’, a dog named Pluto.
If $$Z = (P \cap D) \cup M$$, then
From $$P \cap D$$ is a set containing just pluto ,as pluto is subset of dog D, hence $$P \cap D$$ = P . Also $$P \cup M$$ would be set of pluto and all mammals together.
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In today's workplace, it's not enough to have technical skills. You need to be able to communicate effectively, make good decisions, and think critically with a global perspective. Competency in English, with strong reading, writing, and critical thinking skills, provides the foundation for your future academic and professional success. That's why a college education includes course work in the liberal arts—composition, reading, religion, philosophy, literature, and more. In Parkland's Department of Humanities, you will acquire the skills that sharpen your intellect and broaden your horizons.
Composition/Writing: Develop core written communication and college-level essay composition skills from beginning to advanced levels. Express yourself in a creative writing course.
Developmental Offerings: Develop the core reading skills necessary for success in college-level coursework.
English as a Second Language: Develop basic English-language acquisition for non-native speakers of English.
Foreign Languages: Learn Spanish, French, German, Japanese, and other languages from beginning to intermediate levels.
Humanities: Study the origins, histories, and development of a range of global cultures, with an emphasis on the analysis of art, literature, music, and other cultural practices.
Liberal Arts and Sciences: Learn to apply a powerful methodology for acquiring a complex understanding of nearly any human artifact in this interdisciplinary course.
Literature: Read, discuss, analyze, enjoy, and think critically about a wide range of literary works and genres, including novels, short stories, poetry, and dramatic works.
Philosophy: Grapple with the big questions while honing your critical thinking and logical skills.
Religion: Learn about the world's religions, their histories, their beliefs, their practices, what makes them distinctive, and what they all share.


At Rockcliffe School, we would like all of our pupils to become confident and confident mathematicians. We will provide opportunities for the children to develop their basic skills, fluency and recall. In turn, the children should be able to apply this knowledge to contextual problems. In reasoning sessions, the children should develop the ability to explain their Maths articulately using the correct vocabulary. Our pupils should leave our school prepared for their next step of mathematical learning.
As a school, we are following the White Rose Maths Hub’s ‘small steps’ planning from EYFS up to Year 6. Children in the Year 1/2 class will receive discrete input based on the year group as advised by the White Rose Maths Hub. Year 2/3 will follow the mixed age planning. Lastly, Years 4, 5 and 6 will follow the single age planning sequence. The teachers have access to White Rose resources but may also their own resources. The children begin with concrete equipment, moving onto pictorial techniques before moving onto more abstract concepts. Each lesson should incorporate fluency (taught with a mastery approach) and reasoning and problem-solving tasks should be available too. Staff are expected to follow the school’s calculation policy and model this to the children. Targeted homework should be sent home to plug gaps in understanding
Formative assessment is ongoing and staff are encouraged to use fluid groupings to ensure every child’s strengths and weaknesses are catered for with suitable differentiation. This means that every pupil should make good personal progress within each lesson. Consistent use of arithmetic activities and assessment ensures that children consolidate their understanding of calculation and this has had a positive impact on the children’s confidence and attainment. Summative assessment is reported half termly and staff use a range of resources for this task.
You can find out more about White Rose Maths by clicking here
Updated August 2022


Land grabbing is a burning issue in the world today. It has been accelerating since the food crisis of 2007 and 2008, when many governments and economic operators around the world embarked on economic operations to acquire large areas of land in developing countries.
This phenomenon is part of a changing global context in countries like the US, China, India, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia are concerned about ensuring their food security. This scramble for farmland and natural resources caused by the need for agro-fuels and energy security.
Finally, following the financial and mortgage crisis, the financial sector and banks have focused on arable land as a financial profitability source.
Land use attracts private investors, governments, and hedge funds that have embarked on it for international trade in agriculture, forestry, and mining. The countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the region that suffers the most from malnutrition and famine, are the most significant land-grabbing targets globally. Currently, the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 complicates the situation further. As a result of the lockdowns, the only asset for the people is their land. Therefore, we need to protect the poor, who are also vulnerable, from the growing land grabbing issues.
The DRC, a country with vast arable, forest, and mining lands, has been one of the countries targeted by those who want to privatize local population land.
The 2020 CEPAS social days would like to assess the country’s situation. The following subjects, among others, will be discussed by the research experts:


Gambling is an activity where someone risks money or belongings
Gambling is a common form of entertainment that involves risking money or belongings in hopes of a prize. The activity has many forms, including online gambling, fantasy football, and scratch-off lottery tickets. People of all ages can engage in gambling.
It is a way to make money
Gambling is a form of entertainment that can be very profitable if done correctly. It can be very addictive, so you should always set limits for your time and bankroll. You should also stick to your budget and limit your spending. While some people may make money from gambling, others will lose money.
It is a way to self-soothe unpleasant feelings
Many people engage in gambling as a way to escape unpleasant feelings and boredom. However, this behaviour is not healthy and can cause depression, anxiety and even suicide. Fortunately, there are some ways to combat these urges and avoid the consequences of gambling addiction. The first step is to identify what causes you to gamble. Once you know why you are gambling, you can try finding healthy alternatives.
It is a mental health problem
Gambling is a common and damaging habit for many people. It can destroy a person’s life and impair their relationships. Gambling disorders may lead to depression, social isolation, and a host of other consequences. Luckily, there is help available for people suffering from gambling addiction.
It is a recreational activity
Gambling is a recreational activity that can be both psychologically and socially beneficial to people. Although most gambling activities are social in nature, they can also lead to problems like social crime. People who become addicted to gambling lose control of their behavior and can cause great damage to their lives. These people may even break up their families.
It is an impulse-control disorder
Previously, Gambling Disorder was classified alongside impulse-control disorders. This diagnosis is based on a person’s elevated level of impulsivity, which is often familial or an indicator of vulnerability. This disorder is often accompanied by other symptoms, including impulsive behaviors and distorted thinking.
It is a social activity
Gambling is a social activity, and the question of whether or not it is an acceptable activity depends largely on the lifestyle and social values of the individual. However, there are definite benefits of gambling, including social interaction and a sense of suspense. In addition, gambling is a very enjoyable activity.


For the love of nature and wildlife.
Conventionally, in the world of sustainability, we think of plastic as something that is cheap and bad. But plastic is actually a very valuable, useful and versatile material – it is both light and strong, can take any shape and literally lasts forever. It is a material that has helped us tremendously in the health and clean energy sectors.
So then the problem is not the material itself, but its casual use and over-consumption in the form of single-use plastics. Like plastic bags, straws, coffee cups and water bottles.
They consume so much energy and so many resources to manufacture, yet, they’re so cheap. And they are used only for a few moments before they are thrown away. Just for convenience.
Once discarded, instead of decomposing, plastic breaks down into smaller, toxic pieces called micro-plastics that are harmful to us and wildlife – it is a material the environment simply cannot digest.
Nearly 2 million
The number of single use plastic bags used and discarded globally every minute.
10 - 1,000 years
The time they take to decompose in a landfill where they break down into toxic particles.
> 1 million animals
Marine animals and birds that die each year because of plastic in the ocean.
If you would like to know and understand more about this global environmental problem, visit Plastic Pollution Coalition.


The stunning roman settlement of Peltuinum lies southeast of L’Aquila, close to Prata D’Ansidonia on a ridge that overlooks the beautiful Aterno valley and is surrounded by some of the Apennines’ highest peaks, The Gran Sasso, the Majella, the Sirente.
If you visit lookout for the remains of its monumental gateway, this was used to control livestock entering the town and where customs officers would sit in the toll house, the Temple of Apollo, a theatre complex and tombs.
It was one of Rome’s later colonies, founded in the latter part of the 1st-century bc and taken from the local Vestini tribe due to its strategic importance to the transumanza. Cattle and flocks of sheep would be herded along the track that ran through this plateau from central Italy down to Puglia to winter. Its name, ‘Peltuinum in Ansedonia’, derives from the Latin word ansarium (duty) referring to the tariffs paid by those shepherds.
The basin was formerly a lake that had dried out, but its rock formation was perfect for the development of farming by the Romans through being able to harness a water system, aquifers. The city was abandoned in the 5th century after an earthquake destroyed most of the town.
Recommendations From The LifeinAbruzzo Group!
Where to Eat
Highly recommended by Claire Bruno especially for sunset dining on the terrace is ‘The Osteria, Il Borgo dei Fumari‘ in the nearest town of Prata d’Ansidonia
Open every day for lunch and dinner, closed on Sunday evening and Monday
- Via XXV Aprile, 67020 Prata d’Ansidonia (AQ)
- (+39) 0862 931456


Just because a little is beneficial, doesn’t mean that a lot is more beneficial. Aloe Vera is an incredibly potent plant and should be used with a level of respect for its potency. Long-term use can lead to loss of electrolytes, especially potassium. We should treat this plant as a medicine, and not to use according to our body needs. These are some of the cautions when consuming Aloe Vera:
- Some people may develop an allergic reaction such as skin rash when using Aloe Vera
- Pregnant women should not consume aloe vera to avoid possible uterine contractions or miscarriage.
- Breastfeeding mothers should avoid consuming aloe vera juice because its effects and safety for babies and children is still unknown
- Stop taking aloe vera few days before If you are scheduled for surgery or dental procedure, to minimise the risk of bleeding during surgery.
- Aloe should not be combined with Glyburide – medication for treating Type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels when using aloe.
- Aloe should not be combined with Digoxin – medication for treating congestive and irregular heart rhythms.
- Aloe vera latex should not be used with other laxative herbs, which may also lead to excessive potassium loss.
- Regular use of the entire leaf—which includes the latex—can deplete potassium in the body. Electrolyte imbalances can lead to muscle weakness and cardiac problems. According to the NIH, ingesting one gram of aloe latex for multiple days can be fatal.
- There is a possibility of increasing the absorption of steroid creams (hydrocortisone) if aloe used topically.


Decimal to Binary Converter
Online Decimal to Binary converter tool to convert any decimal number into binary number.
Online Decimal to Binary Converter
What is Decimal Numbering System?
The decimal numbering system utilizes the base ten numbers from 0 to 9. It is the most popular number system as we use it on an everyday basis. Every digit has a specific position in the decimal number system, along with a decimal point. On the other hand, the binary system uses base two and contains only two digits that are 0 and 1. The binary number system is considered the simplest numbering system due to which there is often a need of converting the decimal numbers into binary.
What is Decimal to Binary Converter?
Converting a large decimal number into binary can be quite challenging because you have to keep dividing the number by 2 and noting down the remainder. The process is repeated until the quotient reaches zero. The entire process can be quite long and even stressful when you need the results quickly and accurately.
In such a case, you can use decimal to binary converter because it is an efficient, user-friendly, and free tool that anyone can use to obtain the binary value quickly without worrying about any manual conversion. Moreover, you can fully rely on the output because it produced 100% accurate results.
Importance of Decimal to Binary Conversion
Many people can find this tool to be highly beneficial because it is a user-friendly tool that anyone can use. Developers, software engineers, and computer programmers can rely on this tool to obtain a binary equivalent of any decimal value. This is straightforward and easy to use conversion tool. Instead, you can just enter the decimal value in the input box and get the binary value immediately.


If you ever needed a valid reason among the many to exercise, you might be encouraged to know that participating in a regular exercise routine may prevent your brain from shrinking in older age. In a report published in the Neurology journal, researchers from the University of Edinburgh, who studied more than 600 people in their 70s, physical activity was associated with less brain atrophy. While physical fitness as you age will be important for keeping your mind sharp and decrease shrinkage there are also additional brain-boosting benefits to adopting a regular fitness plan.
Dartmouth College also released a study earlier this spring evaluating three separate groups of test subjects in which participants’ mental health, memory, and physical fitness were measured. Some participants exercised for four weeks and were tested on the final day. Another group exercised for four weeks, but did not exercise on test day. A third group had just one day of exercise, followed by the test. The study, done on men, found that the group that exercised daily had the benefit of a boost in the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).Some participants exercised for four weeks and tested on the final day. Another group exercised for four weeks but did not exercise on test day. The third group had only one day of exercise and then were tested.
A study from the Karolinska Institute even found that elite soccer players, who live highly active lifestyles, demonstrated above-average cognitive abilities, evaluating probabilities, recognizing patterns and using information from peripheral vision.
Physical activity improves blood circulation, increased energy, sharper thinking and productivity. This concept isn’t necessarily a new idea, but a strong motivator for those still straddling the fence of incorporating a regular workout plan into their regular lifestyle.
Do you believe that your regular workout routine could be enhancing your brain function?


The above figure represents different methods that can be applied in a GIS to estimate market areas. It considers a store (or any location offering a service) and its customer base.
- Buffer creation, a common GIS procedure, associates each concentric circle with a distance or a time value. They can include the threshold and the range of a store. In the above figure, three concentric circles have been created with 5 minutes distance increment each. Another dimension of this method concerns Thiessen polygons, where the market area is calculated as halfway distances from the location of other competitors.
- Share by polygon can be estimated as an aggregation of individual customers within a geographical unit of reference (ZIP code, census block, etc.) or a statistical calculation based on a set of representative variables, such as distance, population, income, and age.
- A star map is a vector creation where segments have different origins (one for each customer), but the destination is the same (the store). It depicts a market area as a set of customers connected to a store and requires information about each customer. Qualitative and quantitative attributes can be attached to each vector, such as frequency of sales.
- Spatial smoothing is the outcome of statistical modeling that interpolates data from a known set of points (customers) to a continuous surface. Thus, customers’ density becomes a statistical surface expressing the market area, which can be weighted for each observation.
- Transport distance measures the accessibility, expressed in distance or time, of road segments to the store. It considers the different capacities of road segments (number of lanes, driving speed, turn penalties, etc.), which may be quite different from Euclidean distances such as those calculated by buffer creation. A new layer is created where each former road vector is segmented according to distance/time decay through a routing procedure that originates from the store.
- Manual polygons are created with tracing where the analyst evaluates a market area from a set of assumptions, often based on specific expertise and empirical knowledge about that market. For instance, the analyst may empirically know that few customers may be coming from a nearby neighborhood for various reasons, excluding it from the market area. It could also be assumed that few customers are coming from further away than a specific street, making that street a boundary for the market area.


Total Warfare as principle cause of civilian casualties, refugees and crimes against humanity
The tactics applied by Putin, Assad and their allies in Syria is called total war. Total war, because one doesn’t only aim the military adversary, but also the civilian population living in the areas controlled by this adversary. In the 21st century it was first applied by Putin and the Russian military in Grozny, Chechnya.
It’s main objective is the collapse of civil society hoping it might force the military adversary to retreat or surrender.
In order to achieve this goal the perpetrators systematically, repeatedly and recklessly attack and/or destroy schools, hospitals, water facilities, electricity plants, render food provision and relieve efforts impossible or disturb them in a way that it increases significantly the risks of dying and suffering of rescuers and the civilian population.
Total Warfare includes also the large scale use of indiscriminate weapons and 24/7 bombing, which are meant to induce maximum destruction and terror.
The total war unleashed by Putin and Assad in Syria is the principle cause of the hundreds of thousands of civilian casualties, the millions of refugees and the massive destructions that were inflicted upon Syrian cities and villages.
Because it mainly targets the civilian population and infrastructure, Total Warfare as a military strategy is a crime against humanity on its own and the principle cause of crimes against humanity.


A spring is defined in its most simplest form as an elastic device used to store energy. Springs are usually made from coiled spring steel wire. There are a large number of spring designs, broken down into three primary categories; compression, extension and torsion.
Compression Springs Extension Springs Torsion Springs Constant Force Springs
There is a fourth, less common category, “constant force springs” such as those found in a tape measure. Springs can be made out of round, flat or square wire. Small springs can be wound from “pre-hardened” wire stock while larger springs are made from “annealed steel wire” and hardened after fabrication. Some non-ferrous metals are also used, including phosphor bronze and titanium, for parts requiring corrosion resistance and beryllium copper for springs carrying electrical current (because of its low electrical resistance).
When a coil spring is compressed or stretched slightly from rest, the force it exerts is approximately proportional to its change in length. The “Rate” of a spring is the change in the force it exerts, divided by the change in its deflection. A compression or extension spring has “Units of Force” divided by distance. A torsion spring has “Units of Torque” divided by angle and degree. The inverse of Spring Rate is Compliance.
Depending on the design and required operating environment, any material can be used to construct a spring, so long as the material has the required combination of rigidity and elasticity.
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Located on the top of Mt. Paektu, it is the crater lake on the highest elevation in the world.
From olden times, it was called “Taethaek”or “Taeji” which means a great pond, and “Chonji” which means a holy lake. It was also called “Ryongdam” or “Ryongwangthaek”, in the meaning that the dragon ruling all ponds around the world lives here.
The lake is surrounded by more than 20 peaks of over 2 600 metres high.
It has an area of 9.16 square kilometres, a circumference of 14.4 kilometres and maximum depth of 384 metres. It will take over sixty years to pump out all the water in the lake at the speed of 1 cube metre per second. The water source of the lake is the rainfall, thawing snow and underground water.
In the lake, there live Chonji char and small planktons, and on the lakeside there live such animals as Paektusan deer, roe deer, wolf and wide goose. There are hundreds of plants, including rhododendron blossoming even in the snow and blueberry.
The water of the lake has a special virtue for health and longevity as it contains major ions, i.e. the ingredients of mineral water. Therefore, it is said that if you drink a cup of the water, you will live for a hundred years.
As the surrounding air of the lake has plenty of anion, it helps relaxing the nervous system of the body and recreating oneself.


If you’re a frequent reader of this site, there’s a good chance that you don’t need anyone convincing you that mixed reality is going to be a pretty revolutionary – and practical – part of the future’s technology. That said, there are plenty of people out there who need to be shown just how important an advancement like this can be. Yijun Xie, Operation Manager at VR company Shadow Creator, recently jumped on the Microsoft Education blog to talk a bit about how Mixed Reality can help in the world of education.
There’s tons of ways that Mixed Reality can help out in schools, but here are the three that Xie lists:
1. Ease your searching in the library
With an augmented reality product like Halo Mini, you do not need to find books by barcodes anymore; the categories and book names will be displayed simultaneously and overlaid in the real world. Once you enter a book title, it will show you where the book is and how you can get there, which will decrease your search time significantly
2. Retrieve relevant information and place it anywhere
When you are reading an astronomy book with an augmented reality product, the related astronomical 3D holograms will be presented on the page synchronously, helping you to better understand and therefore absorb knowledge
3. Exhibit teaching material in 3D models
Show content in a holographic way and turn pictures in books into dynamic images or 3D models. Bring subjects like atomic structure and organ anatomy into the real world.
With Mixed Reality becoming a more feasible part of our education system with each passing day, it’s beyond exciting to see minds like Xie’s tackle the subject. With the promise of a more entertaining and productive education system, teaching can be that much more effective .


Active 2019 Atlantic hurricane season comes to an end
The GOES East satellite recorded this imagery of the entire Atlantic basin. You can see storms as they form off the coast of Africa and then enter the Atlantic. The video starts at June 1, though there was a subtropical storm (Andrea) that formed in May. The first hurricane in this video (Barry) appears at 0:13 in the Gulf of Mexico.
The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season officially concluded on November 30. According to a NOAA summary, the season produced a total of 18 named storms. That includes six hurricanes, three of which – Hurricanes Dorian, Humberto, and Lorenzo – were considered “major” (Category 3, 4 or 5). An average season has 12 named storms, six hurricanes, and three major hurricanes.
The annual Atlantic hurricane season begins June 1 and ends November 30. The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season was the fourth consecutive above-normal Atlantic hurricane season, said NOAA. The only other period on record that produced four consecutive above-normal seasons was 1998-2001.
The three major hurricanes this season were Dorian, Humberto and Lorenzo. Hurricane Dorian is tied with three other hurricanes — the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, 1988’s Hurricane Gilbert and 2005’s Hurricane Wilma — as the second strongest hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin in terms of wind (185 mph).
Also this year, five tropical cyclones formed in the Gulf of Mexico, which ties a record with 2003 and 1957 for the most storms to form in that region. In all, four storms made landfall in the U.S. during the 2019 season: Barry, Imelda, Nestor and Dorian.
EarthSky 2020 lunar calendars are available! They make great gifts. Order now. Going fast!
The 2019 season’s activity ramped up in mid-August during the normal peak of the season, said Gerry Bell, lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center. Bell said in a statement:
The above-normal activity is consistent with the ongoing high-activity era, driven largely by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, which entered a warm phase in 1995. Conditions that favored more, stronger, and longer-lasting storms this year included a stronger West African monsoon, warmer Atlantic waters, and weak vertical wind shear across the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.
Bottom line: Summary of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season.


Breastfeeding is an intimate bond mothers share with their newborn babies. While it is a beautiful journey for mothers, we know it is no easy feat and every mother’s experience is different. One concern that mother’s have when it comes to breastfeeding is when they experience pain and hardness in certain areas of the breast, paired with a fever. This is a common symptom of mastitis and in severe cases, can include abscess forming.
How does Mastitis form?
When pregnant, soon to be mommies often go through the production of milk in the breast. The production of milk is facilitated by the lobules and milk ducts, which can get blocked by oil and possibly leading to a infection.
Treatment for Mastitis.
When detected early, mastitis is easily treatable with the use of antibiotics. New mothers should also continue to breastfeed and try different suckling positions to release milk from different ducts. Dr Tang also recommends using a warm compress 5 minutes before breastfeeding to help dissolve the oil secretion.
In rarer cases, a small surgery will be done to help aspirate and release the blockage. However, Dr Tang notes that it can be hard for medically trained professionals to be able to distinguish the difference between mastitis and other breast related concerns such as Breast Cancer. He recommends new mothers who are experiencing pain, discomfort or have lumps, to see a specialist who is able to diagnose and get proper treatment.
Watch the video below as Dr Tang explains about more about mastitis.


Happy 4th of July, everyone!
Who’s ready for a brief history lesson on two historic acts of legislation that affect both renters and landlords all across America?
The United States Government has created multiple pieces of legislation that protect consumers from unlawful discrimination. This article will introduce, and briefly touch on, how The Federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 and The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 affect both renters and landlords. While general information and requirements will be discussed, this article is by no means fully comprehensive and professional advice should be sought when necessary.
The Federal Fair Housing Act was created in 1968 to protect buyers and renters from landlord discrimination. In short, the FFHA mandates that a landlord may not dissuade, steer, preclude, evict or reject renters or buyers for discriminatory reasons because of their race, color, religion, sex, familial status or national origin. For example, it is illegal for a landlord to write in an advertisement, “no kids allowed.” It is likewise illegal for a tenant to be rejected based on maintaining this familial status.
Protected classes were further expanded with the creation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In short, the ADA protects tenants with disabilities that were not initially covered under the FFHA. Protected disabilities include, but are not limited to: mobility impairments, hearing impairments, visual impairments, mental illness, HIV, AIDS, and mental disability. Likewise, a landlord may never dissuade, steer, preclude, evict or reject renters or buyers because of ADA-covered disabilities.
The ADA additionally requires that landlords create ‘reasonable accommodations’ for renters with disabilities. For example, in the instance that a mobility-impaired tenant may require a wheelchair ramp, a landlord is required by law to accommodate this person, as long as the request doesn’t create an undue financial burden.
According to Rent Post, “Landlords are responsible for paying for accommodations, though many common ones are free or low cost. Tenants are usually responsible for paying for structural modifications unless the dwelling is listed as a federally assisted housing structure.”
Disclaimer: this article is not fully comprehensive with respect to legislation affecting landlords. This piece serves to provide a basic understanding of two historic acts of legislation. Always seek expert advice when necessary.


National System Protects Vital Estuaries
Resources about programs and research to help conserve coastal habitat and sustain communities
The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) is a network of protected estuaries and other habitats in coastal and Great Lakes states and territories. Estuaries are vibrant but vulnerable areas where freshwater flowing from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. Although the Great Lakes are exclusively freshwater, their coasts share many characteristics of estuary ecosystems.
The freshwater and salt marshes, seagrass, mangroves, vernal pools, upland forests, and riverine islands in these reserves provide shelter and food for fish, shellfish, and birds; buffer developed areas from storms and sea level rise; define coastal communities; and support recreation and resource-based economies.
Created by Congress in the early 1970s as part of the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), the NERRS supports research and stewardship of U.S. estuaries and strong collaboration among federal and state officials, academics, nongovernmental organizations, and other individuals and entities invested in healthy coasts. Each reserve is a partnership between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which provides funding, national guidance, and technical assistance, and a state- or territorial-based entity, such as an agency or university, which is responsible for the day-to-day management of the site, with input from the local community.
The CZMA guidelines call for at least one reserve in each of 29 distinct biogeographical subregions. Pew is working with scientists, allied organizations, and national, state, and local officials to strategically expand the network.


The ADDIE model was created by Florida State University for the military in the 1970s. The name of the model is an acronym for the 5 stages of design: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation and was meant as a guideline to create effective training and instructional materials. The model was intended to lead the IDs or faculty to complete each phase before moving on to the next. Over the years the steps have been revised with the model becoming more dynamic and interactive than the original.
One of the advantages of the ADDIE Model is its flexibility. It can be used to develop instructional material for both individualized and traditional instruction and the phases can be adapted to suit the user’s needs. One criticism of the ADDIE model is that it is considered a linear process model and can be more time consuming than other more flexible models.
Find more education infographics on e-Learning Infographics
Branch, R. M., & SpringerLink (Online service). (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach (1st.;1st; ed.). Boston, MA: Springer-Verlag US. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
Larson, M. B. (2014). Streamlined ID: A practical guide to instructional design. New York: Routledge.
Molenda, M. (2015). In search of the elusive ADDIE model: Performance improvement. Performance Improvement, 54(2), 40-42. doi:10.1002/pfi.21461
Piskurich, G. M. (2015). Rapid instructional design: Learning ID fast and right (Third;3; ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.


The Theater of Dionysos in Athens could seat approximately 15 thousand in simple stone benches on the slope of the Acropolis. The seats partially surround the orchêstra, which is a dancing area of packed earth, about 20m in diameter. This is where the chorus spends most of its time. In its center is the altar of Dionysos <!thymelê> (about 1m high). On either side of orchêstra is an entry path (eisodos), used both by the audience to get to its seats and by the chorus for its entries and exits. Some scholars think that there was a small stage (8X3m., 1m high) between the orchêstra and skênê (not shown on diagram); it would have steps down to the orchêstra.
At the back of the dancing area is the stage building (skênê = tent or hut), perhaps 12m wide and 4m high, which served a number of functions. First, it contained the actors' dressing rooms. Second, it formed a backdrop to the stage and could be decorated to represent a temple, house, etc. In the center it had a large, double-leaved door, which could be used for entries and exits. Also, a 2.5X1.5m platform (the "rollout") could be rolled out from these doors to exhibit a tableaux of what had taken place inside (e.g. Clytaemestra standing over the bodies of Agamemnon and Cassandra). There were also two smaller doors in the wings of the stage building for entries and exits. Third, characters could appear on the top of the stage building, for example, the watchman in Agamemnon, but more frequently gods appeared there. On the right side of the stage was a crane (the "machine"), which could be used for flying gods (the proverbial deus ex machina).
The playwrights often exploited the fact that the gods appeared on high, the heroes or other important individuals appeared on the stage or before the backdrop, and the chorus (representing ordinary people) appeared on the dancing floor in the midst of the audience.
The theater at Epidauros
(which shows how the Theater of Dionysos looked in the classical period)
Make sure to see the Reconstruction of the Ancient Theater of Dionysos, which however represents the theater at a later time.
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Lawn Mower Gearbox
A lawn mower gearbox is a mechanism that converts the rotary motion of the lawn mower engine into the back-and-forth motion of the lawn mower blade. It is essentially the transmission system that transfers power from the engine to the blade. The gearbox is usually housed in the lower part of the lawn mower body, and it is typically composed of gears, bearings, and shafts that work together to transmit the motion from the engine to the blades. Some lawn mower gearboxes also have a clutch system that allows the user to disengage the blade when necessary, such as when the lawn mower is being moved or started up. Maintaining the gearbox in good condition is crucial for keeping the lawn mower working properly and efficiently.
Right Angle Gearbox for Lawn Mower
A right-angle gearbox for a lawn mower is a gear system that is used to transfer power from the engine to the mowing blade, which is usually mounted horizontally. The right-angle gearbox is designed to change the direction of the power flow by 90 degrees, allowing the blade to be mounted in a vertical orientation. This gearbox is typically mounted at the base of the lawn mower, between the engine and the blade, and is comprised of a set of gears that are designed to transfer the power from a horizontal drive shaft to a vertical one.
Using a right-angle gearbox can be beneficial for lawnmowers because it can allow for a more compact and efficient design, especially for smaller lawnmowers. This design can allow for greater maneuverability when mowing in tight spaces or around obstacles. Additionally, the use of a right-angle gearbox can provide greater safety by reducing the risk of the operator accidentally coming into contact with the blade.
|Delivery Date:||7-60 Days|
|MOQ:||100 sets or according to stocks without minimum Qty.|
|We could produce all kinds of Gear Box according to customers’ requirements.|


Lurker attempted to keep the design as simple as possible, therefore he radically limited his repertoire to only two shapes duplicating their proposed starting dimension only twice whereby he arrived at two fixed interrelated modules. The resulting geometric construction deserves its own category since it was the first object that inspired the name PlayArt. It almost fell into place while Lurker played with the wooden elements that he combined into the final work. It was a surprising but logical discovery when the chain fit together into a cube. He could not have preconceived this result, it was simply a function of the geometry and an outcome of his playful action that took advantage of the configurations the elements offered by themselves. He simply needed to be open to the various possibilities of the intrinsic geometry.
The chain is capable of appearing in numerous configurations; the normal straight and linear display, but also in circular, zig-zag and countless other ornamental or even arbitrary arrangements. The combinations of these possibilities allow a multitude of unexpected geometric or sculptural formations, and they offer a multitude of creative outcomes.
Obviously, anyone can enjoy such explorations into this creativity and make the most amazing discoveries. Herein we can find the source of creativity at large. The “user” starts to think like an artist or an architect and thus also becomes more creative. PlayArt has become the engine of an increased creativity for the entire population.


I Am Blop
A world where everything is made from blops.
What is a blop? Whatever you want it to be! In Hervé Tullet’s book, blops are a unique visual language that explores concepts such as numbers, colors, art, and even friendship.
Hervé Tullet, best known for Press Here, is a ferociously creative children’s author. His visual, often abstract, work has plenty of blank spaces to encourage readers to freely imagine and create.
With I Am Blop, he makes new alphabets and pictograms using blop shapes. A blop with an animal pattern represents an animal. A blop filled with a nation’s flag is a country. A blop with missing edges represents the concept of “unfinished.” Lots of small, white blops together mean snow. A fun bonus at the end of the book: a page of perforated blops. Punch them out and release your own little blops into the real world!
The beauty of this book and Tullet’s work lies in its simplicity. One idea, the blops, ties the entire book together. Read this book, and you’ll be encouraged to see the world with blops. It teaches you to think creatively. Why can’t a blop be a cloud? Why can’t it be a house? It is what you want it to be. Now go find your own blops!


3D Printing using Matlab-Libraries (Matlab-CAD)
Since 1992, MIMED, the Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, is working in the field of design, programming, and application of 3D printing technology. In research, different technologies such as STL, fuse deposition modeling (FDM), 3D printing, selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM), and drop injection printing (DIP) are used or improved. The Augsburg company voxeljet is a spin-off of the institute. Companies such as Arburg in Lossburg use our hardware and software technology. Since 1997, stereolithography printouts were also used for surgical planning. Because MIMED designs printing technology and print heads also materials such as Hydroxylapatite were printed for scaffolds in tissue engineering. Since 2001, the rapid prototyping was used for manufacturing of mechanical and kinematic models of surgical instruments and the construction of robot components. Since 2005, components were produced at MIMED used for robotic surgical systems. Since 2009 there is the concept of the robot kit, which consists of standard modules (swivel, sliding joint) is easily replaceable drive modules and a CPU.
Following the concept of modular printed robot systems, a CAD System for computer aided design of mechatronic robot systems is under development since 2010. It is based on Matlab and offers fully automatic constructions procedures for the design of robot systems. The final results are STL-Files that can be uploaded to a 3D printer.
% FTobject(VL,FL) - generates an surface object from a vertex list and
% facet list
% (by Tim Lueth, VLFL-Lib, 2012-OKT-22 as class: ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY)
% === INPUT PARAMETERS ===
% VL: Vertex list
% FL: Facet list
% === OUTPUT RESULTS ======
% FTO: Object type (FTO.VL=VL, FTO.FL=FL)


RAT is an acronym for stages of technology integration. It starts with R for Replacement indicating that tech has been used but is achieving the same teaching result as prior to the addition of tech.
Building a Lego car from instructions obtained on the Internet.
A stands for Amplification indicating that tech has provided better function, but again without changing the teaching result.
Building a Lego car with instructions and audio on a device.
Finally, T stands for Transformation where the technology opens up new avenues of learning that would be impossible without the technology involved.
Building a Lego car by collaborating with other classrooms on the Internet; including (but not limited to) design, stories, competitions.
Click HERE for article – Digital literacy dover: The RAT, SAMr, transformative technology, & Occam’s razor
McHugh, S. (2014, April 9). Digital literacy dover: The RAT, SAMr, transformative technology, & Occam’s razor [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://doverdlc.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-rat-samr-transformative-technology.html
Hughes, J., Thomas, R., & Scharber, C. (2006). Assessing technology integration: The RAT – replacement, amplification, and transformation – framework [Image]. Retrieved from http://pr0tean.blogspot.com.au/2013/07/the-rat-samr-transformative-technology.html
Pixabay. (2016). Free high quality images [Header image]. Retrieved from Pixabay.com: https://pixabay.com/


The 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) report is this month’s featured content on Hawaii Health Matters. Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability and death in the United States and most people start using tobacco in their teens.
The 2019 report shows:
- 1 in 4 high school and 1 in 8 middle school students (6.2 million total) in the U.S. used some type of tobacco product in the last 30 days.
- E-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among both middle (10.5%) and high (27.5%) school students for the sixth year in a row.
- E-cigarette use continues to rise among middle and high school students. Current use jumped from about 3.6 million users in 2018 to a whopping 5 million students using an e-cigarette in the past 30 days in 2019.
- Unlike cigarettes, girls are equally as likely to use e-cigarettes as boys.
- Many students who use tobacco products report using products with flavors such as menthol, alcohol, candy, fruit, chocolate or other sweets, including:
- 69.6% of any tobacco product users
- 68.8% of e-cigarette users
- 46.7% of cigarette smokers
- 41.9% of cigar smokers
NYTS is a cross-sectional, school based, self-administered survey of U.S. middle and high school students. The 2019 NYTS sampling frame consisted of all regular public and private schools with students enrolled in grades 6-12 across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The NYTS has traditionally been conducted as a pen and paper survey, periodically from 1999-2009 and annually since; however, 2019 was the first time the NYTS administered in schools using tablet computers. The 2019 NYTS Methodology report can be found here.
Results from the 2019 Hawaii Youth Tobacco Survey will be available later this year.


If you’re among the many hobbyists and designers who came to electronics through Arduino and Raspberry Pi, this cookbook will help you learn and apply the basics of electrical engineering without the need for an EE degree. Through a series of practical recipes, you’ll learn how to solve specific problems while diving into as much or as little theory as you’re comfortable with.
Author Simon Monk (Raspberry Pi Cookbook) breaks down this complex subject into several topics, from using the right transistor to building and testing projects and prototypes. With this book, you can quickly search electronics topics and go straight to the recipe you need. It also serves as an ideal reference for experienced electronics makers.
This cookbook includes:
- Theoretical concepts such as Ohm’s law and the relationship between power, voltage, and current
- The fundamental use of resistors, capacitors and inductors, diodes, transistors and integrated circuits, and switches and relays
- Recipes on power, sensors and motors, integrated circuits, and radio frequency for designing electronic circuits and devices
- Advice on using Arduino and Raspberry Pi in electronics projects
- How to build and use tools, including multimeters, oscilloscopes, simulations software, and unsoldered prototypes


Studies of transient population dynamics have largely focused on temporal changes in dynamical behaviour, such as the transition between periods of stability and instability. This study explores a related dynamic pattern, namely transient synchrony during a 49-year period among populations of five sympatric species of forest insects that share host tree resources. The long time series allows a more comprehensive exploration of transient synchrony patterns than most previous studies. Considerable variation existed in the dynamics of individual species, ranging from periodic to aperiodic. We used time-averaged methods to investigate long-term patterns of synchrony and time-localized methods to detect transient synchrony. We investigated transient patterns of synchrony between species and related these to the species' varying density dependence structures; even species with very different density dependence exhibited at least temporary periods of synchrony. Observed periods of interspecific synchrony may arise from interactions with host trees (e.g., induced host defences), interactions with shared natural enemies or shared impacts of environmental stochasticity. The transient nature of synchrony observed here raises questions both about the identity of synchronizing mechanisms and how these mechanisms interact with the endogenous dynamics of each species. We conclude that these patterns are the result of interspecific interactions that act only temporarily to synchronize populations, after which differences in the endogenous population dynamics among the species acts to desynchronize their dynamics.
Klapwijk, Maartje J.; Walter, Jonathan A.; Hirka, Anik ; Cs ka, Gy rgy; Bj rkman, Christer; Liebhold, Andrew M. 2018. Transient synchrony among populations of five foliage-feeding Lepidoptera. Journal of Animal Ecology. 87(4): 1058-1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12823.


Multiverse – Many worlds; the Hindu idea of lots of worlds and universes, with many different inhabitants
Her poem ran into multiple verses (multiverse) and expressed her idea that there were many worlds and universes containing lots of strange creatures.
There is a belief among Hindus that there are fourteen lokas (planes or realms of existence) that together make a multiverse.
The fourteen lokas are divided into seven upper worlds, known as vyarthis, and seven lower words, called patalas.
The vyarthis are:
- Satya-loka, the place of Brahma, where each person’s atman (inner self, or soul) is released from the inevitability of rebirth
- Tapa-loka, the plane of conscious energy and spirituality
- Jana-loka, where the sons of the god Brahma live
- Mahar-loka, where enlightened beings such as Markandeya, a Hindu sage (wise philosopher), live
- Svar-loka, an area between the sun and the Polar Star, regarded as the heaven of the god Indra, a paradise where all the millions of Hindu gods live
- Bhuvar-loka (or Pitri-loka), the space between Earth and the sun where semi-divine beings live
- Bhur-loka, Earth itself which, Hindus believe, is one of billions of inhabited worlds in the universe
The patalas are:
- Atala-loka, ruled by Bala, who is a son of Maya (Maya possesses mystical powers)
- Vitala-loka, which is ruled by the god Hara-Bhava, who is a form, or avatar, of Shiva.
- Sutala-loka, the kingdom of the demon king Bali.
- Talatala-loka, the realm of Maya where Shiva, under Maya's protection, also resides
- Mahatala, where many serpents live
- Rasatala-loka, believed to be the home of two demons, Danavas and Daityas
- Patala-loka, the lowest of the realms, ruled the King of serpents, Vasuki


Core drilling is a technique used to create precise holes or openings in various hard materials, such as concrete, stone, asphalt, or masonry. It involves the use of a core drill, which is a specialized tool specifically designed for drilling large-diameter holes. Here are some key aspects of core drilling:
Equipment: Core drilling requires a core drill machine equipped with a diamond-tipped core bit. The core bit consists of a cylindrical tube with diamond-impregnated segments on its cutting edge. The machine is typically powered by electricity or a hydraulic system.
Hole Preparation: Before starting the core drilling process, the surface to be drilled is marked and prepared. This may involve measuring and marking the desired location and depth of the hole. Additionally, water or coolant may be used to lubricate and cool the core bit during drilling to prevent overheating.
Drilling Process: The core drill machine is positioned on the marked spot, and the core bit is aligned with the desired drilling angle and depth. The operator then applies pressure to the machine, allowing the diamond-tipped core bit to penetrate the material.
Extraction of Core Sample: As the core drill advances into the material, a cylindrical core sample is extracted from the hole. The core sample provides valuable information about the composition and condition of the material being drilled, and it can be further analyzed for various purposes.
Hole Finishing: Once the desired depth is reached, the core drill is gradually withdrawn from the hole. The extracted core sample is removed, and the resulting hole is inspected for accuracy and quality. If necessary, the edges of the hole may be smoothened or finished using other tools or techniques.
Core drilling is widely used in construction, civil engineering, geotechnical investigations, and various other industries. It allows for precise and controlled drilling of holes for a range of purposes, including the installation of pipes, conduits, electrical wiring, anchors, and structural components. It is a preferred method when a clean and accurate hole with a large diameter is required without damaging the surrounding material. It's important to note that core drilling can generate significant amounts of dust and debris. Therefore, proper safety measures should be taken, such as wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and utilizing dust control methods, to ensure the safety of the operator and maintain a clean working environment.


The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is preparing to conduct a prescribed burn in the Deer Haven area, approximately 15 miles northwest of Cañon City, south of High Park Road, and west of County Road 69 in northern Fremont County.
Approximately 107 acres of BLM land will be treated to reduce accumulated hazardous fuel and improve wildlife habitat. Targeted fuels include ponderosa pine, Gambel oak, decadent grasses and other ground fuel that has accumulated since previous treatments. Prescribed burns help preserve the health of forests and wildlife by removing materials that degrade habitats and contribute to the severity of wildfires. Fire treatments may take multiple days – or, sets of days – to complete. The prescribed burn will begin as soon as scheduling, weather, and fuel moisture conditions permit.
The project will create a mosaic of burned and unburned areas intended to reduce conifer encroachment in grass parks while improving forage for wildlife and domestic livestock. Prescribed fire also helps to create various stages of plant succession, which is critical to the health of fire-adapted ecosystems.
Smoke from the planned ignition will be visible throughout the day of the burn, mostly during the warmest part of the day. With cooler temperatures in the evening, smoke may linger and accumulate in low-lying areas. Firefighters will be on site throughout the day of ignition and will periodically patrol the burn for several days afterward.
According to the Colorado Air Pollution Control Division, “Prescribed fire smoke may affect your health. For more information see https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/wood-smoke-and-health.
A new resource for tracking known wildfires is available from the National Interagency Fire Center. It can be found here: https://nifc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/portfolio/index.html?appid=50b5c3f1da6749b0bc9f716998ca8810
For project-specific information, contact Matthew Norden 719-269-8583, Rocky Mountain District Deputy Fire Management Officer in Cañon City.


Ensuring regular school attendance is one of the most powerful ways to prepare students for success—both in school and in life. When school attendance is a priority, children get better grades, develop healthy life habits, avoid dangerous behavior and have a better chance of graduating from high school.
Students who attend school regularly also feel more connected to their community, develop important social skills and friendships, and are significantly more likely to graduate from high school, setting them up for a strong future.
When kids are absent for an average of just two days of school per month—even when the absences are excused– it can have a negative impact. These absences affect kids at all grades, even Kindergarten.
For example, young elementary school students who miss an average of just two school days per month often have difficulty keeping up with their peers academically and tend to fall behind in reading. But when students are able to read on grade level by the end of third grade, which is when kids transition from learning to read to reading to learn, they are three to four times more likely to graduate high school and attend college, post-graduate, or professional development classes than their peers who struggle with reading. Parent can prepare children for a lifetime of success by making regular school attendance a priority.


Aldehydes and Ketones Hints and Explanations | PDF
See reactions of aldehydes. 29. The reactivity of aldehydes/ketones varies as HCHO > RCHO > R:C=0.f37. 41, BB SRR (Chromic acid-sulphurie acid mixture is known as Jone''s reagent. …
3-Methyl-2-butanone | CAS#:563-80-4 | Chemsrc
202311 Chemsrc provides 3-Methyl-2-butanone(CAS#:563-80-4) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of 3-Methyl-2-butanone …
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) - US EPA
The chemical formula for methyl ethyl ketone is C4H8O and the molecular weight is 72.10 g/mol. (7,9) 7.California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). Air Toxics Hot Spots …
Butanone - Wikipedia
Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CH3. This colourless liquid ketone has a sharp, sweet odor reminiscent of acetone. It is produced industrially on a large scale, but occurs in nature only in trace amounts. It is partially soluble in water, and is commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, tetrahydrofuran.
Wikipedia CC-BY-SA Chemical formula: C₄H₈OMolar mass: 72.107 gmol−1Melting point: −86 °C (−123 °F; 187 K)Solubility in water: 27.5 g/100 mL
Photosensitized Conia reaction directed synthesis of high …
However, pure cyclopentanone possesses a strong absorption at ca. 240–335 nm owning to the carbonyl group. As the radiation wavelength distribution exhibited in Fig. 2 b , high-pressure …
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Low-temperature stress induces the expression of a variety of genes in plants. However, the signal transduction pathway(s) that activates gene expression under cold stress is poorly understood. Mutants defective in cold signaling should facilitate molecular analysis of plant responses to low temperature and eventually lead to the identification and cloning of a cold stress receptor(s) and intracellular signaling components. In this study, we characterize a plant mutant affected in its response to low temperatures. The Arabidopsis hos1-1 mutation identified by luciferase imaging causes superinduction of cold-responsive genes, such as RD29A, COR47, COR15A, KIN1, and ADH. Although these genes are also induced by abscisic acid, high salt, or polyethylene glycol in addition to cold, the hos1-1 mutation only enhances their expression under cold stress. Genetic analysis revealed that hos1-1 is a single recessive mutation in a nuclear gene. Our studies using the firefly luciferase reporter gene under the control of the cold-responsive RD29A promoter have indicated that cold-responsive genes can be induced by temperatures as high as 19°C in hos1-1 plants. In contrast, wild-type plants do not express the luciferase reporter at 10°C or higher. Compared with the wild type, hos1-1 plants are less cold hardy. Nonetheless, after 2 days of cold acclimation, hos1-1 plants acquired the same degree of freezing tolerance as did the wild type. The hos1-1 plants flowered earlier than did the wild-type plants and appeared constitutively vernalized. Taken together, our findings show that the HOS1 locus is an important negative regulator of cold signal transduction in plant cells and that it plays critical roles in controlling gene expression under cold stress, freezing tolerance, and flowering time.
|Number of pages||11|
|Publication status||Published - 1998|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Plant Science
- Cell Biology


Bill Belew has raised 2 bi-cultural kids, now 34 and 30. And he and his wife are now parenting a 3rd, Mia, who is 8.
Gentrification – what is it?
It sounds like when daddies teach their little boys how to treat mommies and little girls. But, it’s not.
Gentrification is when old parts of towns get renewed, rebuilt so that middle-class or even rich people can live there with the result that the poor people who used to live there have to move somewhere else.
It means that Chinatowns are disappearing.
Lots of Chinese came to the US and settled in the same location or wherever other Chinese had settled before they got there. That makes sense.
Chinese can get help from those who have gone before them.
Read: Best Bilingual Children’s Books for Chinese-Americans
It also means that for many, from the very beginning they did not try blend in to America. So, they built a place where they could be at home even they weren’t at home.
Life goes on. Cities grow. More people move in. It used to be that poor people went to major cities to work. Now, people who work are looking for places in cities to live. Something has to give.
The St. Louis Cardinals destroyed Chinatown in St. Louis to build Busch baseball stadium in 1966. That stadium is no longer there.
A bigger question than should we allow Chinatowns to disappear is to ask whether they should have been created in the first place?
What do you think?
Talk to Bill and others about their experiences raising bi-cultural Japanese-American kids.


On Monday, the yields on the 5-year and 3-year Treasury notes became inverted for the first time in more than a decade. What exactly does this mean? A yield curve is considered inverted (as opposed to normal or flat) when longer-term debt carries a lower yield than shorter-term debt. Whenever this happens, which is rare, it's considered to be a potential signal of an impending recession. Such a recession can often range from several months to a few years after yield curves become inverted.
The chart below clearly shows that the 5-year and 3-year yield curve inversion has occurred earlier this week. Now, before we start panicking about this, it should be noted that when most market-watchers and economists warn about inverted yield curves, they're talking more about the 10-year and 2-year note yields the vast majority of the time, and not the 5- and 3-year yields. With that being said, although the 10-year and 2-year note yields have not yet inverted, the spread between the two has become the narrowest it has been since 2007 (when the yield curve was actually inverted). This means that the possibility of an impending inversion has very likely increased.
While this is not meant to scare investors, perhaps it should be a warning that a recession could possibly be on the horizon, and that now may be the time for investors to be more vigilant in proactively managing their investment risk.


Hneftafl (also spelled hnettafl or hnefatafl) was a popular board game that is believed to have originated in Scandinavia or possibly in the northern Germanic lands. Although modern hneftafl games are being sold by nostalgic producers, it likely took a lot of guesswork and improvisation on the part of these companies, for there is very little surviving information on how the authentic hneftafl game was played.
What we do know about the game mainly comes from remnants of the player pieces found in burial mounds and a few brief descriptions of the game found in medieval literature, such as the Icelandic sagas. The game is often compared to chess—they both had light and dark sets of game pieces, and they both had a king that needed to be protected or captured. Hneftafl pieces could sometimes be fairly large in size and they often were made with pegs jutting out underneath, so that the hneftafl pieces could be securely attached to the game board. The pegs must have been fairly long and sturdy, for in one grisly episode from Grettir’s Saga (c. 14th century) the peg from a hneftafl piece was used to gouge out a person’s eye.
Around the time of the crusades, hneftafl’s popularity began to wane under the weight of the skyrocketing rise of chess in Europe. As the northern Europeans converted to chess, hneftafl soon sank to the vague and incomplete shadow that we have of the game today.
Written by C. Keith Hansley.
Picture Attribution: (Odin entertaining guests in Valhalla, by Emil Doepler (1855–1922), [Public Domain] via Creative Commons).
- Grettir’s Saga (anonymous Icelandic saga, c. 14th century) translated by Jesse Byock. New York: Oxford World’s Classics, 2009.


‘How do we Respond to Terrorism?’ SINCE 9/11 Interactive Workshop
This brand new, innovative workshop from SINCE 9/11, builds on the success of our ‘What if 9/11 happened today?’ critical thinking workshop, which aimed to build critical thinking skills and foster digital literacy in recognising conspiracy theories and propaganda online.
This interactive, role-playing workshop will encourage students to think critically about how countries can respond to terrorist attacks such as 9/11, 7/7 or the Paris 2015 attacks. The students are put in the shoes of the leadership of a variety of nations, all with different characteristics, as well as some democratic, others autocratic. These nations have just suffered massive, shocking terror attacks, on the scale of September 11th.
Students will be presented with a range of options to discuss as a cabinet and will be expected to choose a response while justifying and contextualising their choice in accordance with the conditions of their own assigned nation-state.
Our objective is to develop and encourage the following:
- Encourage discussion and debate on terrorism as an issue and our collective, societal response
- Build critical thinking skills which undermine black and white/divisive thinking on pressing issues such as terrorism
- Build public speaking skills and confidence
- Encourage understanding and appreciation of Democracy (Fundamental British Values) in contrast to non-democratic states
- Support teaching of Citizenship, PSHE, History, Politics
- Support Prevent Duty and promotion of Fundamental British Values
Age range: Tailored for Year 9 up to 6th Form
Class size: Up to 30
Contact: [email protected] for more information.
Delivery of this workshop is kindly supported by the United States Embassy, London. SINCE 9/11 extends its gratitude to the American people for supporting our work.


Immediate health effects from quitting smoking
You probably know the long-term positives that stopping smoking has on your physical and mental health. However, there are so many improvements to your body that happen within hours and even minutes of stopping!
Here are some fun facts on how your body improves its physical health:
- After 20 minutes of quitting your pulse rate returns to normal
- After 8 hours both nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in your body decrease by 50% and oxygen levels begin to return to normal.
- After 24 hours there is no sign of carbon monoxide and your lungs can start to clear out debris!
- After 48 hours there is no more nicotine in your body! And your sense of smell and taste improves.
- After 72 hours breathing is a lot easier and your energy levels begin to rise.
- Between 2 and 12 weeks your blood circulation improves around your body.
- From 3 to 9 months breathing becomes easier as your lung function increases by 10%.
- After 1 year you are 50% less at risk of having a heart attack than someone who still smokes.
- After 10 years you are 50% less at risk to have lung cancer than someone who smokes.
- After 15 years your risk of having a heart attack is the same as someone who has never smoked!
Within just one day, choosing to quit smoking can make you much healthier!
Quitting can be hard though and so here are some tips on how you can quickly get yourself in an easier position to stop smoking.
Having a plan will make your life so much easier! Noting down the time and then how many cigarettes you had will help you understand your habit. Calculating how much you needed and enjoyed the cigarette can help you decide whether you really needed that many too! There are so many free plans and diaries online to help quit.
List as many reasons as you can as to why you want to quit and hang it up somewhere or keep it in your bag so that you can keep reminding yourself about why you are quitting!
Even if it’s just a quick morning jog, getting yourself outside or working out can help relieve stress and keep you distracted so you’re not thinking about smoking or about when to have your next cigarette.
Find out about our stop smoking service here.


Recent images taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and ESO’s Very Large Telescope showed never-seen-before wave-like arches in a dusty disc settled around a death star. The nature of these arches is a mystery for scientists as the phenomenon is like nothing ever seen before.
Data was collected by the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile on the surroundings of the AU Microscopii star while looking for any signs of clumpy or warped features that might give away planets forming around the young star.
“Our observations have shown something unexpected […] the images from the Very Large Telescope instrument SPHERE show a set of unexplained features in the disk, which have an arch like or wavelike structure unlike anything that has ever been observed before” said Anthony Boccaletti lead author on the paper as reported by CS Monitor.
When scientists compared the new information with previous images of the star taken with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2010 and 2011 they were able to see the same features but in different places and concluded that the ripples move at incredible speed.
“We reprocessed images from the Hubble data and ended up with enough information to track the movement of these strange features over a four-year period […] By doing this, we found that the arches are racing away from the star at speeds of up to about 40 000 kilometres/hour!” explains team member Christian Thalmann as reported by Phys.
The high speed push scientist to believe that some features are escaping from the star’s gravitational attraction, and it eliminates the possibility that these rare features are caused by large asteroid-like objects or changes in the star’s gravity.
“One explanation for the strange structure links them to the star’s flares […] AU Mic is a star with high flaring activity — it often lets off huge and sudden bursts of energy from on or near its surface.” co-author Glenn Schneider, of Steward Observatory in Arizona, said in the statement reported by CS Monitor.
The theory explains maybe one of the flares could have triggered something on one of the possibly present planets like a stripping of material which propagated through the disk.
Source: CS Monitor