Despite significant progress made, improving skills remains one of Portugal’s key challenges for raising growth, living standards and well-being. Upskilling the adult population remains a priority and lifelong learning activities should focus more on the low skilled. While active labour market policies have increased their training content in recent years, spending per unemployed is still low.
A systematic monitoring of the different programmes would allow concentrating resources on the policies that are more effective in raising skills and employment prospects. In the education system, successive increases in compulsory education have not eliminated early school leaving, and a significant share of youth is left without completed secondary education, thus facing poor labour market prospects and a risk of falling into poverty.
Another challenge for the education system is to reduce the link between learning outcomes and socio-economic backgrounds. This could be achieved by providing earlier and individualised support to students at risk of falling behind, strengthening teachers and principals training and exposure to best practices, and creating incentives to attract the more experienced teachers to disadvantaged schools. Vocational education and training (VET) has received less attention than general education until recent years and has suffered from fragmented management. This has curtailed the employment prospects of youth not wishing to pursue tertiary education. Establishing a single VET system and reinforcing work-based learning in companies would address this issue. Tertiary education has expanded considerably over recent years but could have a stronger focus on labour market needs, including by developing tertiary technical education. Enhanced support for business research activities could be coupled with strengthening management skills and the ties between businesses and researchers, for example by creating incentives for academics to cooperate with the private sector.
Chosen excerpts by Job Market Monitor. Read the whole story at Raising skills in Portugal – Papers – OECD iLibrary
Pingback: Lifelong Learning in UK – The Lifelong Loan Entitlement | Job Market Monitor - October 13, 2021


Govatsa Dwadashi is a traditional Hindu ritual that people perform every year before the Dhanteras festival. On this day, Hindus generally worship cows and calves as an integral part of Hindu religion and culture. Devotees offer wheat products to cows and calves while offering Puja (prayer).
Significance of Govatsa Dwadashi ritual:
In Hinduism, the cow, who is Sattva-predominant, plays a significant role. During Samudra Manthan (Great Churning of the ocean), The Kamdhenus or five wish-fulfilling cows emerged, a legendary remark. Nanda was among them. This happening vowed a religious observance that people continue to follow by worshipping cows, especially Nandi.
Apart from religious value, this animal nourishes the entire society by fertilizing the soil with dung and providing milk.
Ritual of Govatsa Dwadashi:
On this day, married women take a holy dip in the morning and complete the worship ceremony by offering food to cows and calves. Devotees undertake a fast called Govatsa Dwadashi Vrat, partaking a single meal in the evening or morning.
Benefits of Govatsa Dwadashi Puja:
- Under the spiritual aspect, during Diwali, a flow of energy (Shakti) gets activated in the earth’s environment that harms mother earth at a subtle level. To reduce the environmental instability and maintain a natural balance, people observe Govatsa Dwadashi Vrat.
- Devotees consider cows as a manifestation of Lord Vishnu. Hence, they perform this ritual to praise and satisfy him.
- Most importantly, by observing fasting on this day, one can attain all the pleasures of life.
Feature Image Credit: Pinterest.


You’ve probably noticed this word
classin all of the programs you’ve written so far for this course. But what exactly are classes? You can think of classes as blueprints. They contain the generalized code for a non-primitive data type.
Classes have fields and behaviors. Fields are basically variables that belong to a class. They define the characteristics of that class. For example, I could have a class called
Personwith fields like
address. Behaviors are what the class does—that is, the methods contained in that class. For example, the behaviors in the
Personclass could include
eat(), walk(), speak(),or other things that a
Objects vs. Classes
Remember when we learned about Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)? So what exactly are objects? Well, objects are instances of classes. They are the concrete representation of the class.
A class is like a blueprint for a house — it defines the common features for the house, like having a door or walls or rooms. However, the house that is constructed is like the object — that specific house is like other houses (it has doors, walls, and rooms), but it might have attributes that are specific to that house. For example, it might have 5 doors and red walls, while another house might have 2 doors and white walls. In other words, a class is a plan (abstract, intangible). An object is the result of that plan (concrete, tangible).
Copyright © 2021 Code 4 Tomorrow. All rights reserved. The code in this course is licensed under the MIT License. If you would like to use content from any of our courses, you must obtain our explicit written permission and provide credit. Please contact firstname.lastname@example.org for inquiries.


If you have diabetes, your body functions differently than those without diabetes. Insulin production may be limited or not happen at all, which can result in the need for frequent blood sugar testing and artificial insulin. It can also lead to slower and less effective wound healing. Proper wound care and management are crucial for people with diabetes, as untreated wounds can progress quickly into infections that may require surgery, foot ulcers, or even amputation.
- Chronic Inflammation in Diabetics When wounds heal, the second stage involves inflammation. However, this stage can take too long for diabetic wounds, resulting in a chronic wound that lasts for six months or longer.
- Elevated Blood Sugar Levels Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is critical for diabetics, as high levels can interfere with immune system function, nutrient and oxygen delivery, and increase inflammation. All of these can impede efficient wound healing.
- Diabetic Neuropathy High blood glucose levels can cause nerve damage throughout the body, leading to tingling and numbness in the limbs. This can make it difficult to notice injuries, which can lead to new wounds and complications in overall healing. Diabetic neuropathy often affects the feet and legs.
Additional Tip: People with diabetic neuropathy should wear properly fitting shoes and avoid activities that can cause ulcers.
- Circulation Problems Diabetics often have poor circulation due to narrowed blood vessels, which can lead to poor circulation conditions like peripheral vascular disease. This can result in slower tissue development and wound healing due to reduced oxygen in the body.
- Poor Immune System Function High blood sugar levels reduce red and white blood cell function, reducing the delivery of nutrients to wound sites to fight infections. Certain hormones produced in the diabetic body can make the immune system less effective, further impeding wound healing.
Additional Tip: Wearing white socks can help diabetics notice any blood or pus from injuries and alert them to cuts, blisters, or other types of wounds.
- Increased Risk of Infection Diabetic patients have a slower movement of white blood cells than the average person, which can lead to more inflammation in wounds. When combined with numbness from neuropathy, wounds can become worse and increase the risk of infections, such as gangrene, sepsis, and osteomyelitis. Diabetic ulcers are the leading cause of limb amputations each year.
for more health info: https://westcoastwound.com/


The Fire in the Borgo
Is the most complex of the four episodes. It is full of references to classical antiquity, medieval architecture at the time of the Church’s affirmation, and themes used by contemporary artists. It celebrates the intercession of the Pope, by whose grace a fire that spread through the Borgo, a popular section of Rome near St. Peter’s Basilica, was extinguished. The pope miraculously managed to stop the raging fire, which threatened an area of the city, by his blessing from the loggia of Old St. Peter.
The structure of the composition is complex: two colonnades of clear classical derivation define a square. The Pope, who still bears the features of, blesses the frightened crowd from a gallery beyond the colonnades. The facade of old Saint-Pierre appears behind him, in the background. As those in the foreground desperately try to put out the fire, the female figure in yellow with her back to us begs them to look to the only effective source of help, the Pope.
The term “scenographic” can be appropriately applied to this painting. Clearly, Raphael was concentrating on richer, more varied but less harmonious compositional solutions than those of his earlier paintings. The groups of figures express great formal beauty, but they lack harmonious relationships and remain pure examples of episodic representation. The group in the foreground on the left, for example (composed of an old man on the shoulders of a young man and a child), can be taken from the episode of the escapes of Aeneas with his father, Anchises, and his son. The woman with children in the center of the fresco and the water carrier on the right, whose clothes are blowing in the wind, represent similar stereotypes. The nude descending from the left wall recalls the heroic figures of Michelangelo. Despite these limitations, the scene is highly effective and demonstrates Raphael’s skill as an illustrator, although, as critics maintain, it was executed largely by his students.


Find Kanji by selecting its radicals below.
1 2 3
9 10 11 12 13 14 17
Meaning of 裏蓋 in Japanese
- Parts of speech
- noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
- back cover (e.g. camera, watch, etc.)
Kanji in this word
cover, lid, flap
On'Yomi: ガイ, カイ, コウ
Kun'Yomi: ふた, けだ.し, おお.う, かさ, かこう
裏 JLPT 2
back, amidst, in, reverse, inside, palm, sole, rear, lining, wrong side
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Unveiling the Kings of Israel
Revealing the Bible’s Archeological History
by David Down
Archaeological discoveries continue to prove the Bible is an amazing historical record. Correctly interpreted, the historical records of Egypt and Israel show a remarkable consistency with the Bible records, which we can accept as not only inspiring but also entirely reliable.
Unearth the history of Israel and see the devastating periods of loss and exile through the lens of archaeology. David Down, a field archaeologist who excavates regularly in Israel, shares his research to help you explore the accuracy of Christian history from the Global Flood through the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. With 20 fascinating chapters, you can study the real evidence related to the remarkable people and pivotal events you have read about in the Bible. For further study, investigate the four appendices, which include:
- Tabernacle Life
- Solomon’s Temple
- The Dead Sea Scrolls
- Patriarchs, Chronological Table, and Tables of Weights and Measures
Unveiling the Kings of Israel is a captivating read for anyone interested in ancient civilizations, Christian history, Israel, Egypt and the Bible. With beautiful illustrations and the author’s personable writing style, this text will delight students, history buffs and scholars ages 10 to 100.
$19.95 (Save $10.00)


History of the Dental Floss
Oral care is a two-fold process: the care provided by the dentist and his team; and the care that you give to your teeth, on your own. For oral health to be properly maintained, both aspects need to be supplied sufficiently.
At home, your personal efforts at caring for your teeth can make a big difference. Apart from brushing, everyone is reminded of the importance of flossing, because of its amazing contribution. Have you ever wondered how flossing came to be? It seems such a weird practice, but seems to work wonders. Did you know that evidences of “flossing” can be traced back to the prehistoric period? In Thailand, some monkeys are found with a habit of cleaning their teeth that is similar to flossing. As a matter of fact, some long-tailed Macaque monkeys are found to pull hair from humans who come near enough, so that they can use it as “floss”. If not, hair, they are also found using twigs or coconut fibres for the same function.
The History of Flossing
In 1815, Levi Spear Parmly, an American dentist, introduced the use of silk thread to clean and remove dislodged food particles in between the teeth. In his book, “A Practical Guide to the Management of Teeth”, he described the floss as a waxen silk thread that can sweep into the interstices of the teeth. But it wasn’t until the mid-20th century that flossing really caught on. In the People were much too fascinated with toothpicks, for cleaning in between their teeth.It was Dr. Charles C. Bass’ effort to make a difference that brought life to the phenomenon. As the “Father of Preventive Dentistry”, he developed the nylon floss that was shown to be more elastic and durable, to silk.
A lot has changed through the years, but one thing remains true, flossing and other personal efforts to clean the teeth are of value.


Yucca brevifolia is a monocotyledonous tree from the Yucca genus. Since this species of Yucca exhibits tree-like growth, the species goes by the following common names: Joshua Tree, Yucca Palm, Tree Yucca, and Palm Tree Yucca. Joshua tree is native to the arid southwestern United States, specifically California, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada.
Joshua trees are fast growers for the desert. Yucca brevifolia can grow up to 3 inches a year for the first 10 years. Once mature, Joshua trees bloom between February and late April. Joshua trees typically do not branch until after they have bloomed for the first time.
Photo1 Credit: Stan Shebs [GFDL, CC BY-SA 3.0 or CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons


Make sure Nasco Education is on your preferred vendor and bid lists! Send inquiries to: [email protected]
Plant Cell Study
Product Number: C33080
For your STEM curriculum.
Grades 6 and up. Simple, step-by-step lab activity provides a sense of realism and participation that commercially prepared slides or illustrations can’t possibly duplicate. Users prepare slides using the pre-cut monocot and dicot plant cross sections and macerated stem tissue. After staining and mounting the samples, users then view their slides through a microscope (not included). Clearly diagrammed cell guides and individualized worksheets are provided to help the users through this fascinating activity. In addition to observing and studying stem cells, they develop an understanding of the art of slide preparation, a skill necessary in future life science and biology classes. There is enough slide preparation materials for 30 users in this kit. Contents: 90 microscope slides, 90 cover slips, 30 tissue transfer brushes, one drop-controlled bottle of glycerine, four drop-controlled bottles of differential stain, one vial of dicot cross-sections, one vial of macerated stem tissues, one vial of monocot cross-sections, instructor’s guide with MSDS, 30 worksheets, and 30 user’s guides.WARNING: Choking Hazard. Small Parts. Not for children under 3 yrs.


Shozhana Zuboff writes on the topic of optimism, very essential for Business and general success. Excerpts:
- Optimists know that change is real. Historical perspective helps. Just think: So many people today are working on issues such as sustainability, alternative business models, or human rights. These were invisible to most people only a few decades ago.
- Optimists measure change one person at a time. If everyone gives up, we're doomed. They look at what can be accomplished instead of being paralyzed by the big picture.
- Life is good when you live from your roots. Your values are a critical source of energy, enthusiasm, and direction. Work is meaningful and fun when it's an expression of your true core. You don't have to settle for work that puts you at odds with what you believe in.
- Optimism makes friends. Finding your own good work is likely to land you in good company. That's a critical ingredient for fun, laughter, and joy at work. These conversations reminded me that optimism is nourished by practicality.
- Optimists can celebrate the glass half-full in an imperfect world. Optimism is not the same as idealism. In fact, it may be just the opposite. Idealists are easily disheartened because reality almost never lives up to their notions of the way things should be.


Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language. The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography, from the Greek stenos (narrow) and graphein (to write). It has also been called brachygraphy, from Greek brachys (short), and tachygraphy, from Greek tachys (swift, speedy), depending on whether compression or speed of writing is the goal.
Many forms of shorthand exist. A typical shorthand system provides symbols or abbreviations for words and common phrases, which can allow someone well-trained in the system to write as quickly as people speak. Abbreviation methods are alphabet-based and use different abbreviating approaches. Many journalists use shorthand writing to quickly take notes at press conferences or other similar scenarios. In the computerized world, several autocomplete programs, standalone or integrated in text editors, based on word lists, also include a shorthand function for frequently used phrases.
Shorthand was used more widely in the past, before the invention of recording and dictation machines. Shorthand was considered an essential part of secretarial training and police work and was useful for journalists. Although the primary use of shorthand has been to record oral dictation and other types of verbal communication, some systems are used for compact expression. For example, healthcare professionals might use shorthand notes in medical charts and correspondence. Shorthand notes were typically temporary, intended either for immediate use or for later typing, data entry, or (mainly historically) transcription to longhand. Longer-term uses do exist, such as encipherment: diaries (like that of Samuel Pepys) are a common example.


Despite making up just 13% of the population, Black people account for more than 40% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. But what makes some Black folks more vulnerable to HIV than others?
Social vulnerability may play a role, according to new data published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. “Social vulnerability” is government jargon for the factors that make it hard for a community to bounce back from a natural disaster or public health threat—for example, low income, limited transportation and overcrowded or inadequate housing.
Researchers with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) looked at where the 13,807 Black folks diagnosed with HIV in 2018 lived. Using the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index, they found that 75% of the Black people who acquired HIV lived in communities with the highest or second highest social vulnerability. Only 8% came from the least vulnerable communities.
Overall, Black people who lived in communities with the highest social vulnerability were 1.5 times more likely to acquire HIV than those in the least socially vulnerable neighborhoods. What’s more, same-gender-loving Black men who use drugs were 11.6 times more likely to acquire HIV if they lived in highly vulnerable communities. For cisgender women, the pattern was similar: Overall, Black women were 1.8 times more likely to acquire HIV if they lived in the highest-vulnerability areas.
“HIV disparities are not inevitable and can be addressed,” says the head of the CDC’s HIV Prevention Program, Demetre Daskalakis, MD. “Our nation must finally tear down the wall of factors—systemic racism, homophobia, transphobia, HIV-related stigma and other ingrained barriers—that still obstructs these tools against HIV and COVID-19 from equitably reaching the people who could benefit from them.”


Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) was a converted product of Guinea Corn Husk (GCH) that was incinerated up to a temperature of 600OC. The husk is a common agro-waste in Northern Nigeria. The GCHA was used to partially replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. The use was expected to reduce environmental nuisance and cost on cement. The replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% ash were used. The chemical constituents of the GCHA as determined from an X-Ray diffraction analyzer included SiO2 (85.4%), K2O (4.01%), Fe2O3 (0.64%), CaO (2.04%) and NaO2 (0.98%). SO3 and AI2O3 were not detected. The combined percent of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of 86.04% is above the 70% benchmark for a pozzolana material. Also SO3 and NaO2 fall below the maximum allowable values of 4% and 1.5% respectively. The fresh concrete had slump values that ranged from 11mm for 0% cement replacement to 3.6% for 40% replacement. The hard concrete had flexural strength that was measured as Modulus of Rupture that ranged from the highest value of 4.61N/mm2 at 0% replacement to the least value of 3.19N/mm2 at 30% replacement after 56 days of curing. The density values equally decreased at an average of 3.3%. The trend showed that GCHA did not improve flexural strength nor increased the density of concrete produced with it. The concrete may however find use in mass concreting and in hot weather.
Key words: Guinea Corn, Husk Ash, Flexural Strength, Cement, Concrete, Pozzolana.


This page has been archived and is being provided for reference purposes only. The page is no longer being updated, and therefore, links on the page may be invalid.
Read the magazine story to find out more.
Space-Age Tools Boost Food Safety, QualityBy Linda Tokarz
January 19, 2007
Portable inspection devices that detect food safety and quality problems are being developed by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists. Recent food safety outbreaks highlight the need for "space-age" ways to prevent such problems at every step in the food production processfrom farm field to grocery store or restaurant.
Scientists led by Yud-Ren Chen at the ARS Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, Md., are designing such portable inspection devices by adapting optical technology used for remote sensing of Earth.
Prototypes include binoculars with lenses that detect fecal matter on meat, produce or processing equipmentas well as diseases or quality defects. A camera/light combination can be helmet-mounted or used in a hand-held device to expose fecal matter as white specks on an eyewear-mounted computer display.
The portable devices are the next stage for a team that recently handed industry a prototype of an on-line imaging system for chicken inspection. Next will be a similar system for inspecting fruits and vegetables.
Team member Stephen Delwiche, working with colleagues at the ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan, Kan., has succeeded with high-speed optical inspection of wheat and other grains, detecting protein content as well as mold.
At the ARS Sugarbeet and Bean Research Unit, East Lansing, Mich., Renfu Lu's team uses laser beams to judge taste, firmness and other quality aspects of fresh produce.
Machine vision nicely supports human inspection because its instruments shine light on every single fruit, vegetable, grain kernel, or meat or poultry product that speeds along the processing line. It also gives inspectors an extra pair of eyes for scanning equipment and processing areas for contamination invisible to the naked eye.
Read more about the research in the January 2007 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.
ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief scientific research agency.


Matching upper and lowercase letters worksheets
Do you want your kindergarten students to teach upper and lowercase letters?
Then these upper and lowercase letter matching worksheets can help you.
Free lower and uppercase matching worksheets
When kids learn to write small or lowercase letters after learning uppercase letters sometimes they get confused between uppercase and lowercase letters.
To solve this problem upper and lowercase matching can be a great exercise for kids to recognize both the letters.
That is why I’ve created multiple letters matching worksheets in this free pdf.
In both the worksheets, I’ve used random letters instead of alphabetical order.
This way kids will be able to learn to recognize letters better.
Upper and lowercase letter matching worksheet
This is the first activity in this free pdf here kids will have to draw a line from the acorn to the squirrel to match the uppercase letter with the lowercase letter.
Cut and paste letter matching
This is a cut and paste letter matching worksheet, here kids will have to cut and paste the lowercase alphabet with the correct uppercase alphabet.
I hope these worksheets can help your kindergarten students learn to distinguish between upper and lowercase letters.
If you want worksheets for letter writing you can check my free alphabet tracing worksheet.
Note: These free printable worksheets are for personal or classroom use only. Altering or redistribution is not allowed in any way.


Buy Books Online > Development economics > The Enhanced Role of Science Centres and Museums in Developing Strategies/Nam S&T Centre
The Enhanced Role of Science Centres and Museums in Developing Strategies/Nam S&T Centre
By: Viney B. Kamble
Product Details: Share this by email:
ISBN: 9788170355236 Publisher: Daya Publishing House Year of publishing: 2008 Format: Hardcover No of Pages: 138 Language: English
This publication deals with the role played by science centres and science museums in planning and implementation of development strategies, particularly in the developing countries. Science centers and museums...Read more
This publication deals with the role played by science centres and science museums in planning and implementation of development strategies, particularly in the developing countries. Science centers and museums are unique resources for informal learning, a process central to forging knowledge, skills and positive attitudes. These are the places to discover, explore and test ideas about the natural world. In the recent years we are witnessing unprecedented growth in various fields of science and technology and in order to fully comprehend such developments and facilitate their impact on the socio-economic progress, the science centres and science museums play a pivotal role because visual impression aids in the process of quickly grasping various facets of the new knowledge. For developing countries, it is essential that science centres are established with an aim that these become the Centres of Excellence vibrating with activities (both inhouse and outreach) for providing non-formal education for the people in general and for the children in particular and wherever practicable, to supplement formal education. The volume covers scientific studies, developmental approaches and status of different countries in taking science to the people through Science Centres and Museums. The material presented herein would surely serve as a valuabale reference material for the professionals and policy makers in the developing countries engaged in planning and developing countries engaged in planning and development of science centers and museums.
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Data Science with 'R'. A comfortably paced program specifically designed to introduce middle and high schoolers to the amazing world of Data Science. Taught by instructors with years of industry experience in Data Science.
Data Science is one of the hottest jobs family of this century and has application in every industry. R is one of the most popular data analysis and visualization tools used by college students and industry professionals.
This program is designed with a comfortable pace for middle and high school students to learn the R platform and Microsoft Excel in data analysis applications.
Starting with understanding the tabular data storage structure, students will navigate through simple simple Database SQL to summarize data and use the powerful visualizations of the R platform to generate insights.
Part of the year long data science course. This course will be followed by Data Analysis in Python, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Python.
This unique program will introduce students to the concepts of database and coding in the R platform to generate insights from data, while maintaining an appropriate pace of instruction that will be manageable by students in middle and high school.
About our instructor: Tuhin Dutt
Tuhin (Mr. Dutt for students), founded Thinking Feet and has had a long and deep career in Data Science in various domains across financial services. He was also the winner of the inaugural Big Data Hackathon in Charlotte. He has developed this unique program to give an early exposure to students in the exciting field of data science.
One of the main objectives that students will achieve in this course is to not only learn the R platform but also learn to ask the relevant business questions and then code in R to answer those questions using data. The class will feature tons of brainstorming, research, collaboration and learning through iterations of success and failures.
Who will benefit
Ideal for students who have taken some coding classes prior and are ready to experience professional level Data Science platforms.
This course will excite students who are ready to take the leap beyond coding games and visual applications into the world of business analysis with data. If your child has a high degree of persistence, self motivation and a hunger to learn advanced technology, they will thrive in this program.
Thinking Feet’s main learning center is located in the Ballantyne/Mckee Road area in Mecklenburg county. We are just minutes away from nearby Blakeney, Weddington, Marvin, Waxhaw, Pineville, Wesley Chapel, Piper Glen and Fort Mill, SC.


NOAA Teacher at Sea
Onboard NOAA Ship Fairweather
July 5 – 15, 2005
Mission: Hydrographic Survey
Geographical Area: North Pacific, Alaska
Date: July 14, 2005
Location: U.S. Coast Guard Dock, Kodiak, AK
Latitude: 57 48.6′ N
Longitude: 152 21.9′ W
Visibility: 10 nm
Sky Description: partly cloudy
Science and Technology Log
The ship has reached Kodiak, AK and has docked at the U.S. Coast Guard Station. Preparations are already underway for an inspection and the departure of crew members and arrival of returning or new crew members. The next leg will focus on fisheries research so preparations of the winches for nets is underway.
I’m a little wistful in returning to shore. I’ve grown accustomed to the rocking of the ship and have thoroughly enjoyed my entire experience aboard the FAIRWEATHER. I’m amazed at the autonomy of the ship and the crew aboard. I’m walking away with valuable and useful information that can be applied in laboratory experiments in the classroom and can hardly wait to implement them.
Tonight, I spend my last night aboard the ship and tomorrow morning depart for a day ashore Kodiak and then a long flight home. What an amazing experience this has been!
Answer from Previous Day
Believe it or not, the Indonesian tsunami and Alaska 1964 earthquake are important to hydrographic survey. Plates shifting near Indonesia created the large tsunami that traveled so far and decimated so many villages. The 1964 earthquake, also caused by shifting plates, creating likewise devastating effects. This impacts hydrographic survey, because the navigation charts printed before 1964 would not show the rise in sea floor of over 30 feet that occurred because of the shifting plates!


v. To randomly adjust the settings of an object, such as the dials on a piece of equipment or the options in a software program, particularly in an effort to learn how the object works.
Why is babbling so important? The infant is like a person who has been given a complicated piece of audio equipment bristling with unlabeled knobs and switches but missing the instruction manual. In such situations people resort to what hackers call frobbing — fiddling aimlessly with the controls to see what happens.
The molecular model of an actual anti-cancer drug molecule(methotrexate) was already positioned inside the model of the protein receptor site (dihydrofolate reductase). My job was to find an exact fit in which the two compounds could tightly bind. The arm has six degrees of freedom, and exerts enough force to tire your arm if you actively wrestle with a molecule for many minutes. I tried to twist, rotate, jam, tweak, and frob the thing into place by looking at the 3D jigsaw puzzle on the screen and manipulating it with my hand.
FROBNICATE v. To manipulate or adjust, to tweak. Derived from FROBNITZ (q.v.). Usually abbreviated to FROB. Thus one has the saying "to frob a frob". See TWEAK and TWIDDLE. Usage: FROB, TWIDDLE, and TWEAK sometimes connote points along a continuum. FROB connotes aimless manipulation; TWIDDLE connotes gross manipulation, often a coarse search for a proper setting; TWEAK connotes fine-tuning. If someone is turning a knob on an oscilloscope, then if he's carefully adjusting it he is probably tweaking it; if he is just turning it but looking at the screen he is probably twiddling it; but if he's just doing it because turning a knob is fun, he's frobbing it.


Use of Ochre from an Abandoned Metal Mine in the South East of Ireland for Phosphorus Sequestration from Dairy Dirty Water
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CitationUse of Ochre from an Abandoned Metal Mine in the South East of Ireland for Phosphorus Sequestration from Dairy Dirty Water. O. Fenton, M.G. Healy, and M. Rodgers. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2009, Vol. 38 No. 3, p. 1120-1125
AbstractOchre found at coal mine drainage sites in the United Kingdom shows a high phosphorus (P) retention capacity with little mobilization of metals. This indicates that ochre has the potential to adsorb P from agricultural wastewaters for possible use as a fertilizer. Little research has focused on the ability of metal mine ochre to sequester P in an environmentally sustainable way. Untreated acid mine drainage from an abandoned coppersulfur mine in the Avoca-Avonmore catchment in the south east of Ireland results in extensive low-value ochre deposition. In this study, P-amended water (50 mL) was mixed with this ochre (2.5 g) in batch experiments, and a maximum P adsorption capacity, calculated from the Langmuir equation, of between 16 and 21 g P kg−1 was calculated. However, mobilization of heavy metals from Avoca ochre in distilled, surface, and dirty water batch experiments was observed. This mobilization may inhibit ochre’s use in P removal from wastewaters.


The Jewish Community of Cuba: Memory and History by Margalit Bejarano
It combines the fruits of academic research with the personal reminiscences of protagonists, creating a collective narrative of Cuban Jews, particularly those who migrated to Miami, on their historical experience prior to the Castro revolution.
Through childhood memories in small towns in Poland and Turkey, the reader discovers the circumstances that motivated the migration of Jews to Cuba, and is acquainted with the difficult trajectory of their adaptation to a new environment.
The book recounts the version of Cuban Jews to the tragic voyage of the SS St. Louis, but at the same time it points out the destiny of thousands of Jewish refugees who had found in Cuba a shelter from the Nazi inferno.
The book describes the rich and colorful Jewish institutional life, that covered all the social and cultural aspects. Protagonists, however, were not part of a uniform and homogenous community, as reflected in their testimonies on social and cultural life, political divisions and internal conflicts.
The reader will find new oral documentation on the attitude of Cuban politicians towards the establishment of the State of Israel, and on the participation of young Cuban Jews it its War of Independence.
The last chapter brings the memory of the lost Cuban paradise. Oral histories reflect the communal flourishing of the 1950s, the economic prosperity, the professional and social achievements but also the trauma of the Castro revolution, that motivated their second exodus. Though interviewees tend to idealize the pre-Castro era, their testimonies reflect the problematic of their marginality in the Cuban society, and the dilemma of dual identity that confronted the second generation.
The book’s page on the publisher’s site


Salmonellae are a common cause of foodborne disease worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports international foodborne disease surveillance through WHO Global Salm-Surv and other activities. WHO Global Salm-Surv members annually report the 15 most frequently isolated Salmonella serotypes to a Web-based country databank. We describe the global distribution of reported Salmonella serotypes from human and nonhuman sources from 2000 to 2002. Among human isolates, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was the most common serotype, accounting for 65% of all isolates. Among nonhuman isolates, although no serotype predominated, S. Typhimurium was reported most frequently. Several serotypes were reported from only I region of the world. The WHO Global Salm-Surv country databank is a valuable public health resource; it is a publicly accessible, Web-based tool that can be used by health professionals to explore hypotheses related to the sources and distribution of salmonellae worldwide.
|Journal||Emerging Infectious Diseases|
|Publication status||Published - 2006|


The Fourth of July ranks today as one of the most important holidays in the United States. It is the celebration of our independence and the date that we finalized the Declaration of Independence.
Since the Fourth of July is also the anniversary of the day that the final edits on the Declaration of Independence were made– it might interest some of you to know the reasons the Declaration was made to begin with and why the founders were so passionate about it.
You may not know that many of our founders believed so strongly in what they were doing that they lost everything. Many did not but some paid the ultimate price for their loyalty to the newly formed United States.
The separation from England was inevitable since the men and women who were helping to form the country were passionate that it not repeat the mistakes they saw in their home countries in Europe. For the record, the reasons that the founding fathers felt that they should declare themselves free and risk the loss of home, wealth, freedom and family are these listed in the Declaration of Independence:
- He has erected a Multitude of new Offices and sent hither Swarms of Officers to harass our People.
- He has combined with others to subject us to a Jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our Laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation.
- For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
- For depriving us, in many Cases, of the Benefits of Trial by Jury
All Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights. That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed. For the support of this Declaration we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
Our amazing nation has traveled a long path, from a day when men and women pledged their lives and their money and their honor to build a country and who risked everything to accomplish it, to this day, when the United States helps other nations to become free and is one of the most powerful nations in the world.
James Kemper is the president of W. H. Meanor & Associates, an executive placement & training company specializing in engineering & manufacturing careers. He can be reached at: email@example.com or 704-372-7640 #102 or visit at www.whmeanor.com


What Does a Technical Engineer Do?
A technical engineer, or technical support engineer, may work in any number of fields or disciplines including computer technology, electrical, or mechanical engineering. His or her basic role is to understand the technical processes of a particular industry and to be able to help others with any technical issues. Most jobs in the technical engineering field require a bachelor's degree in computer science or a related field of engineering as well as various types of professional and technical certifications. For most technical engineer jobs, ongoing training and technological skills advancement to keep abreast of ever-changing technology are critical.
The basic responsibilities of a technical engineer include providing engineering or technical support to company or organization in a specific field. Technical engineers make sure that all technical or mechanical equipment is functioning properly within safety margins, are always ready to troubleshoot equipment or systems and to provide solutions when these systems break down or are no longer functioning efficiently. Training people to use equipment properly and providing information on the use of equipment or systems may also be a big part of this job. Technical engineers may also be required to provide training to new or entry level technical engineers. Whatever the specific field of technical engineering, a strong knowledge of technical processes, systems, and equipment relevant to that particular field is critical.
A technical engineer with computer training or experience may work as an information technology (IT) professional for a company that has an extensive website or computer system. The technical engineer's role in this position is to ensure the proper functioning and maintenance of IT systems. Responsibilities in this position may include working on operating systems, servers, databases, web applications, and wireless networks. Other duties for might include systems design, implementation, testing, and ongoing support. The duties required vary with each employer but are typically a mix of technical support and overall IT systems maintenance.
A petrochemical company may hire a technical engineer to provide broad-based mechanical or electrical engineering knowledge to develop and support the operating functions of the equipment in processing plants, storage tanks, control systems, and other facilities common to the petrochemical industry. Identification and investigation of equipment performance problems and finding appropriate solutions to those problems are a big part of this technical engineer job. Other responsibilities may include providing expert advice to personnel regarding the safe operation of various mechanical or electrical equipment and systems, to maximize performance and ensure asset reliability.
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April 30, 2020 2:54 PM
Georgia Rainfall Causing High Water in North Florida
April 30, 2020 - The middle Suwannee River is well below flood level, but substantial rainfall in south Georgia over the past two weeks is causing rising water that is expected to continue over the next few days.
The water level at the Suwannee River at Ellaville next to Suwannee River State Park rose over 6 feet between April 24th and April 30th. Farther downstream at Branford the river began rising on April 25th and had gone up over 3 feet by April 30th. River levels at locations downstream of Branford will begin to rise in the next few days.
At Three Rivers Estates on the Santa Fe River, the Southeast River Forecast Center flood forecast calls for a rise of approximately two feet through the upcoming the weekend. This is still below the "minor flood" level, and is not unusual here since rising levels on the Suwannee create backwater in the Santa Fe River upstream of its confluence with the Suwannee.
You can monitor water levels and flood forecasts within the District here:


New Free Educational Materials
Learning is an adventure! Give your student a creative study break by using the following materials. These are great fun for grades 3 to 8.
Columbia Gorge Flora and Fauna
Geology and Weather
- Columbia Gorge Word Search
- Columbia Gorge Word Search Answer Key
- Ice Age Floods Word Search
- Ice Age Floods Word Search Answer Key
- Weather Word Search
- Weather Word Search Answer Key
Lewis and Clark
For grades 9-12: Historical analysis using primary documents and maps of the Corps of Discovery Expedition. Students will identify various groups involved in land use and ownership in the West.
Indigenous People and First Nations
- Indigenous People Word Scramble
- Indigenous People Word Scramble Answer Key
- Indigenous People Word Search
- Indigenous People Word Search Answer Key
We are pleased to present free education materials developed by the Indigenous STEAM Collaborative*
Click on a link below to discover activities that highlight our relationship with each topic. The first link on each page describes the “arc” or emphasis of each topic and gives guidance and context for both teachers and students.
We encourage you to explore these innovative materials and learn more about how to live in good relationship with our world.
*The Indigenous STEAM Collaborative is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to Drs. Megan Bang and Doug Medin (Northwestern University), and Dr. Filiberto Barajas-López (University of Washington).
Email ISTEAM Collaborative if you would like to send them your thoughts.


HUMAN body charging station
Lung performance training is being used by athletes and individuals at all levels all over the world to improve their breathing, lung capacity, lung strength and anaerobic fitness. Strong, healthy lungs are an essential part of any exercise activity performance and testing lets us know how they are performing. If testing reveals your lungs are not as strong as they should be training them needs to become part of your daily regiment.
Why would you do this test? Lung performance contributes a great deal in most athletes sports performance. A few of these issues are medically related such as asthma, but most lung related performance issues are more reflective to the athletes training regiment. If an athlete trains their body to push only up to the limit and not through the limit, their lungs will not be forced to work harder which will hold back performance improvements.
Who is this test recommended for? Lung performance becomes a larger part of your health performance for older individuals and we recommend lung performance testing and training for customer over 12 years old that participate in high endurance sports or exercise.
How often should you repeat this test? Lung performance testing is recommended every 6-12 month, while lung performance training is recommended daily.
Which body parts are or can be tested? The test is strictly for lung performance.
What are the results of this test? The results of lung performance testing will indicate if an athlete would benefit with regards to performance by lung performance training.
What does this help to improve? Those deep breaths contribute to efficient air exchange in your lungs and efficient energy usage. lung performance training increases your accessible lung capacity so you can inhale more air at once, reduce breathing rate and preserve energy.


Point of sale data
Point-of-sale (POS) systems are most often associated with transactions generated at a retail outlet. However, many of these systems are starting to be deployed in temporary locations, such as a community fair or a high school event. The typical POS system incorporates a cash register based on a PC or embedded system, monitor, receipt printer, display, barcode scanner, and debit/credit card reader. Historically, POS systems were either not connected or managed on a dedicated private network. Thanks to the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), these systems are being connected directly to cloud platforms that make remotely administering these devices from a central location much simpler. There’s no longer a need to dispatch IT personnel to manually update each system. This is critical because a POS failure can result in longer lines that inconvenience customers and potentially lead to lost revenue. A negative customer experience can easily translate to customers opting to shop somewhere else in a retail industry that is intensely competitive.
Machine data generated by POS systems provides organizations with real-time insight into everything from what’s sold, how it’s paid for, as well as the pace at which it’s being sold. Organizations can use this data to monitor revenue in real time, which can feed into how to better market 1:1 against customers, track product placement and sales in a store, or detect potentially fraudulent transactions in real time. POS data also delivers visibility into the customer experience, such as which coupons are most popular or the combinations of products that are selling together.
Before looking at documentation for specific data sources, review the Splunk Docs information on general data ingestion:


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Many neurodevelopmental disorders adversely affect sleep; children often have difficulty in falling asleep, wake up more often during the night, and sleep less than their typically developing peers. ‘Sleep problems’ were found in 53% of over 300 children with autism, compared with 44% of 63 children with delayed development, and 32% of 163 children with normal (typical) development.1 Sleep problems arise from complex interactions between biological, psychological, social, family and cultural factors. Circadian sleep rhythm disorders (CSRD) may be acute but are more often chronic, and frequently result in associated health problems. CSRDs usually exacerbate any pre-existing learning and behavioural difficulties, and may affect the entire family's whole health and well-being and impair their ability to continue in employment or further education.
There is considerable pressure for both parents and paediatricians to try and improve a child's disturbed sleep. Management options include behavioural, or pharmacological, or both. Behavioural interventions are probably undervalued, but may be difficult to implement, and may take weeks or months to show any benefit. Conventional medications including hypnotics and sedatives are frequently associated with unacceptable day-time sedation that may adversely affect the child's quality of life. The past 20 years have witnessed the introduction of melatonin which continues to be increasingly prescribed to many children both with and without neurodevelopmental disorders and using a wide range of doses. To many, it is the ubiquitous safe solution to any ‘sleep problem’. The popularity of melatonin reflects the …
Contributors REA and PG shared the preparation and production of this editorial.
Competing interests REA and PG declare no competing interests. REA and PG were the co-chief investigators, and REA the grant-holder for the ‘MENDS’ Study, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme, the publication of which is cited in this editorial.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.


Asbestos is a naturally found mineral that has been mined for thousands of years. Over the millenniums it has been used in a variety of applications. In early Egypt is was used to wrap Pharaohs for burial. In medieval Europe asbestos was used in table clothes and curtains to prevent the spread of fire. More recently it has been used in a variety applications throughout the home, business and transportation.
Such items include: roofing materials, floor tiles, industrial glues, siding, window caulking, fire proofing sprays, acoustical (popcorn) textures, brakes and drywall. Asbestos was used because of its very beneficial properties such as high tensile strength, heat and fire resistance, and light weight. In many instances where this mineral is left undisturbed and embedded in these items it is not inherently dangerous to humans. When it is disturbed, the material may be rendered friable which releases the asbestos fibers into the air. Once the fibers are airborne they can be inhaled and due to the physical structure of the fiber it can lodge itself deep inside the lungs and remain there. This causes the body to attack the fiber in a variety of ways and ultimately can lead to reduced lung capacity, cancer and death. This is exacerbated when combined with other negative influences that decrease lung capacity such as smoking.
When working around asbestos containing items one must be very aware to not disturb the asbestos fibers and inhale them. State certified abatement contractors follow very specific regulations and industry best practices to minimize disturbing asbestos fibers and keeping them from going airborne. Additionally, the abatement contractors will wear appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent individual exposure to these fibers.
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Science Notebooking with Microscopes
Notebooking with kindergarteners?? Isn’t that asking too much?
No way…especially when it comes from authentic, meaningful experiences!
We own a modest microscope and some simple prepared slides that made for a wonderful science notebooking lesson last week. Just having these things sitting out was enough to spark an interest that lasted nearly an hour.
Eli began the lesson by simply exploring the slides and how to work the microscope. He kept telling me, “Mom, you’ve gotta come here and see this!” Over and over again as each new slide came into focus he would say the same thing with such excitement in his voice.
I asked if he would like to draw some pictures of the magnified images to put in his nature notebook, which he thought was a great idea. Notice, I didn’t say he HAD to draw pictures for his nature notebook. I could have, of course, but with little people, the real learning usually best takes place when something like notebooking isn’t forced.
Slide after slide, Eli grabbed a new piece of paper. After looking at his specimen carefully three of four times, he would run to the art shelf to grab just the right crayon, marker or pencil. After several more peeks into the microscope, a drawing of each slide would emerge. I was amazed at how much his drawings actually looked like what he had observed on the slides!
I let him work to his heart’s content. With each new drawing, I was called over with, “Look, Mom, does this one look like the slide, too?” And, because he wanted to remember what he had drawn, I helped him label and date each of his pages.
A little freedom, interesting materials just waiting to be touched, and gentle suggestions. Man, what our children will take off and do when given the chance. (By the way, we never got around to the reading and math workbooks that day. I don’t think it mattered, do you?)
More on Science:


Foodborne illnesses contribute to the burden of diseases worldwide. Ensuring food safety is therefore essential to fight malnutrition in all its forms. In Pakistan, the Punjab Food Authority (PFA) was established in 2011 with the responsibility for ensuring the safety and quality of all food items and products in the province through raising awareness and enforcing food hygiene and quality standards. This working paper focuses on the PFA model as a governance mechanism, showing how it is bringing multiple benefits to the food system and ultimately to consumers through improved food safety and nutrition. It is therefore a useful example of why urban governance for nutrition should be prioritised by governments to improve nutrition.
Since the PFA’s establishment, greater compliance with standards at inspections and higher rates of food businesses being licensed imply likely improvements in food safety. Food labelling and safety issues are openly communicated to the public. The PFA also works to encourage food businesses to choose fortified products and check fortification quality, thereby helping support improved nutrition. Enabling factors for the PFA include the devolution of authority from national to provincial levels and supporting legislation, including the PFA Act, which establishes the provincial food authority and sets the foundation for the PFA’s work. The existence of an independent scientific panel also ensures that all PFA outputs, including standards or messages to the public, are based on scientific evidence. The organisation has benefited from a solid and growing source of funding from the province, supplemented by improved licensing compliance by food businesses.
Finally, effective communication has played a key role in obtaining support from the PFA’s numerous stakeholders.


It turns out that multiculturalists—teachers and demonstrative students alike—cannot even expound on their area of expertise accurately.
“Take hoop earrings, which date to ancient Assyria,” Jonathan Zimmerman, who teaches education and history at Penn, writes in The Chronicle of Higher Education. “In Nimrud, located in present-day Iraq, there’s a depiction of King Ashurnasirpal II (884-859 B.C.) wearing thick hoop earrings.”
“The ancient Greeks and the Romans wore them, too; so did pirates in many parts of the Western world, who believed that hoop earrings contained healing powers or would protect them from drowning.”
“And, yes, hoop earrings were eventually adopted by Latinas in the United States. Starting in the 1980s, young working-class Hispanic women in Southern California donned wide earrings — alongside baggy shirts and nameplate necklaces — as symbols of pride and struggle. They didn’t ‘invent’ hoop earrings; instead, they invested the earrings with a new set of meanings.”
“Yet we continue to imagine that every current-day practice descends from some kind of cultural Garden of Eden, where each ethnic or racial group existed in unalloyed form.” Zimmerman is the author of Campus Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2016).
By the way, when he was at NYU, where he taught for 20 years, he got rave reviews on Rate My Professor.com.


Third Graders Explore the World of Dinosaurs
Can you outrun a dinosaur? How did whales live in the Grande Ronde Valley millions of years ago? What does a paleontologist really do?
These are the questions more than 40 third graders at Island City Elementary have been tackling as they explored their annual dinosaur learning unit. Third grade teachers Sophia Berenson and Holly Wagner designed the unit to incorporate lots of interactive learning across multiple disciplines including science, art, physical education (P.E.) and physics.
The third graders made fossils from clay, discovered that the valley where they live used to be covered by ocean and created art. After learning about dinosaur tracks, they hit the school gym for an obstacle course to explore strides of different dinosaurs and how their own stride matched up.
And they loved it. “Kids love dinosaurs. Incorporating so much hands-on learning sparks their curiosity and the natural part of what they want to explore,” said Wagner.
One project of the three-week unit was an online Junior Paleontologist program where students learn at their own pace and virtually visit dig sites. Berenson said the teachers also share much of the students’ work and progress with parents. “What the students really enjoy is the diversity of this unit’s activities, which really engages them, and they love sharing that with their parents,” Berenson said.
What was the best activity? Some students would say the “cookie dig”, where they removed the “fossils” (the chocolate chips) from cookies and the crumbs were the “dirt.” All in a day’s work for these third graders.


How just is the justice system?
What is the relationship of the criminal justice system to social justice? Scholars invested in gender equality, decolonization, anti-racism, and social justice argue that retributive models of justice that emphasize crime and punishment exacerbate inequality. In fact, critical prison studies scholars in the United States argue that the prison system is a continuation of slavery. Of the Canadian prison system, political theorist Robert Nichols argues that incarceration is a fundamental part of the settler-colonial project of land theft. Do you think working towards social justice requires re-thinking prisons? Why or why not? These are the questions we would like you to discuss for this module.
- Reflect on your thinking about prisons: where did you learn about prisons and their role in achieving justice? Analyze your views: are they informed by retributive, restorative, or transformative approaches to justice? How has this lesson challenged your views? Explain how or how not by referencing specific course resources and lessons. Explain all concepts you use.
2. Do you think working toward social justice requires re-thinking prisons? Why or why not? In your response, refer to the reading by Angela Davis as well as examples from other assigned resources from the course. Make sure to define all concepts you use.
Remember to check into eClass to submit upcoming activities and assignments, participate in the discussion board, and communicate with your instructor.


Copper Life Cycle
From its original home in the earth’s crust, copper passes through several stages to reach a long life in essential products like electronics, appliances, electrical grids, vehicles and renewable energy technologies. As a 100% recyclable material, copper can be reused over and over again with no loss to its physical properties.
The material produced from ores and concentrates is referred to as primary copper production. Secondary copper can also be produced by recycling scrap, as well as finished products, and has the same performance properties as primary material.
Learn more about this renewable resource’s life cycle
During the last decade, more than 30 percent of annual copper use came from recycled sources. Based on the global copper stocks and flows model, recently developed by the Fraunhofer Institute, it is estimated that two thirds out of the 550 million tonnes of copper produced since 1900 are still in productive use (Glöser, 2013).
Primary copper production starts with the extraction of copper-bearing ores. There are two basic ways of copper mining: surface and underground mining. Due to copper being spread in relatively low concentrations over large areas, surface, or open-pit mining, is the predominant mining method for copper in the world.
Smelting and Refining
After mining, copper is produced by one of two process routes, pyrometallurgical (dry) or hydrometallurgical (wet). Smelting is a process of heating and melting ore to extract a metal like copper. Refining refers to any process that increases the grade or purity of the metal. After completing refining processes, copper cathode is generally 99.9 percent pure.
During semi-fabrication, copper, along with clean scrap, is converted into wire/rod, tubes, sheet and strips for use down the value chain.
Copper wire/rod, tubes, sheet, and strips are transformed into finished products that can be used directly by consumers and businesses.
Nearly 28 million tonnes of copper is used annually. The majority of copper produced worldwide (70 percent) is used for electrical/conductivity applications and communications.
There’s more copper available than ever before.
Learn more about meeting demand with primary and secondary copper.


Yes. All forms of GnRH deficiency (including Kallmann syndrome) are seen in both men and women, even though it is more common in men. Major international centres typically report having around 3-times as many men as women attending their service. If this is a genuine reflection of disease prevalence among men and women, we remain unable to explain it in terms of our current knowledge of the genetics. However, it may be that this observation reflects "ascertainment bias", with many affected women seeing a gynaecologist and just getting prescribed the contraceptive pill to give them regular periods. These women may never get an exact diagnosis and/or never get referred in to a major treatment centre for GnRH deficiency.
GnRH deficiency is a very rare condition that may be under reported so an accurate prevalence may be difficult to establish. Our best estimate of the prevalence in men comes from a 1970 study of 40,000 young French conscripts, that gave a figure of 1-in-4,000.
GnRH deficient conditions can be hereditary and can be passed down through the generations.
Even though research is ongoing, there is much still to be understood about the genetic mechanisms of GnRH deficiency. Given the current level of knowledge of the genetics of GnRH deficiency it is very difficult for clinicians to be able to give prospective parents a reliable, accurate prediction on the chances of their offspring being born with a GnRH deficient condition.
Unlike other genetic conditions, where the genetic cause is known and can be tested for, the exact cause for most GnRH deficiency cases is unknown. This, coupled with the fact that some GnRH conditions are can be caused by two separate gene mutations working together, makes any prediction of the chances of passing the condition on very difficult. Additional research necessary to elucidate the genetic basis of GnRH deficiency.


Well i think electric field must exist outside a current carrying conducting wire. Because if you consider a simple circuit with a resistor and a battery potential difference is created across the ends of the resistor as electric field exists inside the resistor. But what if i change my path? As electric field is a conservative field, Potential difference along any two points is independent of the path we take. I have heard from many sources and many books that current carrying wire have no field outside them as they are electrically neutral. But if there is no field and we take a path along air to reach the other end of the resistor, then potential difference must be 0 as we are walking through a field free space. So if electric field exists, charge must exist on the surface of conductor (charge can't stay inside the conductor). So does charge exist on the surface of conductor?
Any real resistive wire will have a potential difference along its path if current flows through it. This potential difference attracts charges to its surface.
Overall charge of your circuit with regards to the outer world determines whether the charges are positive on one end, or negative on the other end (or any combination of this).
Note that for usual circuits, these resistance-dependent charges are very small, as the voltage across a wire is typically in the mV range or less. In highly resitive wires like tunsten filament, or in high-frequency [EDIT] ... transmission lines where inductive impedance plays a major role, the electric field around the conductor can be substantial.
Does charge develop on the surface of a current carrying wire?
Charge often develops on the surface of a current carrying wire. It may do so in the case of an external field, but it will commonly do so whenever the wire bends.
1$\begingroup$ @Buraian thanks for the catch. :-) $\endgroup$ Jun 3, 2021 at 13:55


Cat Scratch Disease Is an Entity Often Diagnosed in Breast Imaging Department During Axillary Lymph Node Assessment
- PMID: 32821616
- PMCID: PMC7431301
- DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9272
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease process of generally immunocompetent children and young adults. This infection can be introduced through skin trauma by direct exposure to the saliva of an infected kitten or cat. CSD is typically associated with constitutional symptoms and self-limited regional lymphadenopathy. In the sole presence of swollen lymph nodes, however, the differential diagnosis for CSD is relatively broad, including an active infection, an ongoing inflammatory process, and a metastatic process. CSD can present as axillary lymphadenopathy without typical constitutional symptoms. With proper clinical and laboratory investigation, CSD can be accurately identified and correctly diagnosed, as demonstrated in this case series featuring five symptomatic young adults with axillary lymphadenopathy. Breast imaging clinic specializes in lymph node assessment because metastatic lymphadenopathy is one of the most common presenting signs of breast cancer. Most isolated axillary lymphadenopathy without breast mass is benign reactive lymphadenopathy, but biopsy is necessary to exclude malignancies, such as metastatic lymphadenopathy or lymphoma.
For more: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/04/24/human-bartonellosis-an-underappreciated-public-health-problem/
Bartonella is found in ticks: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/?s=Ticks+bartonella


Dialogue is a forum that allows participants, drawn from different sections of community, to exchange as much information as possible. The purpose of dialogue is to motivate people or community members to work toward a common vision, understanding, or solution to a specific issue of concern. Bringing dialogue to community as a tool for conflict management is one of the ways we can keep and assure peace. For two consecutive days CDCB has been giving a training on peace building and dialogue skill for Robe and Adaba youth volunteers at Tokuma International Hotel, Robe.
In the first session of today’s training the preconditions to convene a dialogue was listed and thought in detail. Following that, in order to equip our youth volunteer for the task they are about to do in their respective community, how to design a community dialogue was presented and thought. Selecting participants, identifying agenda and identifying dialogue location was discussed as part of designing and implementing dialogue. our afternoon session, dialogue facilitation which includes reflecting and clarifying, summarizing,, managing conflicts, using non-verbal signals and few other sub topics were discussed briefly. The last topic to be discussed were the role that is required as a dialogue facilitator and evaluation of a dialogue. In today’s training our trainees were equipped with the necessary tool and information that is needed for the work to be executed by them regarding Dialogue facilitation and skills.


A healthy body is a common topic. But what about a healthy brain? Brain health is something we should all be aware of and ready to cope with as we age.
A basic healthy brain begins with:
- Regular physical exercise
- Proper food and nutrition
- Sound medical health
- Adequate sleep and relaxation
- A fit mind
- An active social life
As they say, a sound body leads to a sound mind. Studies show that those with a healthy body and regular exercise routine suffer less from the effects of dementia and Alzheimer’s in their later years.
Eating right puts the right nutrients into your body and bloodstream.
If you regularly see your doctor and make an effort to stay healthy your mind should follow suit.
Sleep and relaxation are how your body, and mind, recharge.
Keeping your mind sharp with regular stimulation—doing that crossword in the Sunday paper, for example—will help you stay mentally on top of things.
Having an active social life with circles of friends keeps your mind—and smile—working. Remembering names, engaging in conversation, keeps your brain running smoothly.
Frontline ER prides ourselves in having some of the best-trained ER doctors and nurses around along with state-of-the-art treatments for a variety of conditions. Our facilities are fully equipped and a clean and safe environment, featuring private rooms and a full-service lab and dispensary. We bill out-of-network for most insurance plans but accept what the networks pay.
Frontline ER is an acute care emergency room providing healthcare services to the communities we live and work within. Give us a call or contact us through our website should you have more questions about our services.
*photos courtesy of Unsplash (photographers: Robina Weermeijer and Mpho Mojapelo)


|Title||Mindfulness-Based Attention Training: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of a Digital Course for High School Students|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2019|
|Authors||Mrazek A.J., Mrazek M.D., Reese J.V., Kirk A.C., Gougis L.J., Delegard A.M., Cynman D.J., Cherolini C.M., Carr P.C., Schooler J.W.|
Digital mindfulness-based interventions (d-MBIs) present an unprecedented opportunity to share mindfulness training at scale. However, the feasibility of digital mindfulness training for high schools remains unknown. Using a one-group pre–post design, this feasibility study evaluated the adoption of a digital mindfulness course in a public high school. The 22-day course was delivered on laptops, tablets, or phones via a custom digital learning platform. The course included a total of 2.25 h of instruction designed to improve focus, stress management, and emotion regulation. The intervention was implemented across 11 classrooms with 9th–12th grade students. On average across all classes, students completed 80% of lessons and 77% of daily exercises. Although the one-group design precludes definitive conclusions about the intervention’s effects, paired t-tests from pretest to post-test (N = 190) revealed improved emotional regulation and stress management despite students experiencing significantly increased life demands toward the end of the academic term. Results suggest that students also adopted a stronger growth mindset about their ability to focus, and they felt more motivated and confident to train this ability. A total of 64% of students indicated that the course improved their focus. Among the 81.6% of students who reported at baseline that they paid attention in class less than they should, focus during class increased significantly. This investigation supports the feasibility of digital mindfulness training for high schools and highlights strategies for increasing fidelity of implementation of digital interventions in school settings.
Mindfulness-Based Attention Training: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of a Digital Course for High School Students


Delphi meets the gods in our huge site update
It’s the start of a new school year here in the UK – and one that has obviously started in sad circumstances with the death of Her Majesty the Queen last week. It was a very strange day on Friday, but what a responsibility it is to help children witness and understand history in the making.
Anyway – on to happier tidings!
The gods have arrived in Athens!
Delphi’s Guide to Athens has just had its first HUGE update!
The Olympian gods have been added to our interactive storytelling, history and philosophy website for children. For each god, there is a new original story of Delphi meeting them (and usually getting into an argument), wonderful new illustrations from Rosie, all sorts of facts and stories from Greek mythology and history – and, of course, a big question inspired by their outrageous behaviour!
The rest of the site has also had a major update, making it easier to navigate and find what you need. All the new updates can be accessed from the homepage, or you can treat the site like a choose your own adventure story and explore Athens with Delphi to see where the gods are hiding! In the classroom, the site can be used for all sorts of things across the curriculum, from interactive story times, to reading comprehension, history research, mythology writing prompts, inspiration for art projects and much more.
Visit Delphi’s Guide to Athens here to see what it could add to your curriculum this year – or just to start your adventure!
These are only the first gods to meet Delphi. There are many more to come - so you can look forward to much more regular updates from us from now on.
The Dream - on YouTube!
Speaking of regular updates, we have also put together the first video from Delphi the Dreamer, our second full story and scheme of work. ‘The Dream’ is our brain-melting storytelling adventure which introduces children to big questions in metaphysics and identity – and is the perfect way to start developing children’s thinking skills.
The complete set of resources, including the scheme of work for 9-14 year olds, can also be downloaded in full from our website now – click here to find out more. More videos will be added before too long, and don’t forget you can also watch all of our first story, Delphi the Philosopher, on YouTube here!


The Conference Center Laxenburg and the Palais Niederösterreich are houses full of history.
The Conference Center Laxenburg was closely connected to the imperial court. As the Lower Austrian residence of Maria Theresa and location of the first major theatrical performances for the imperial court, the Conference Center Laxenburg has been and still is a meeting place for great events.
The Palais Niederösterreich in the heart of Vienna is a political and societal house. Once, the estates of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns gathered here together, and later the Lower Austrian state parliament, the so-called “Landtag”. This is where the archdukes’ homages were made. The revolution in the Austrian Empire began here in 1848.
The Palais Niederösterreich with its impressive ceiling fresco in the “Landtagssaal” is the largest contiguous ceiling painting in Austria with 11 × 25.6 m. Due to the curvature, its area covers an impressive 472.14 m². It was designed and manufactured by Antonio Beduzzi in 1710.
The Laxenburger palace theatre is the only surviving theatre in Austria in which the two masterpieces, Mozart’s “Le nozze di Figaro” and Hasse’s “Piramo e Tisbe”, could be listened to during the lifetime of the two great composers. The palace theatre was designed and built by Nicolo Pacassi in 1753.


Click here to view the PDF of the full study.
Does Michigan devote enough money to primary and secondary education? Do school districts receive enough revenue to ensure the vast majority of enrolled students graduate college or career ready? How much does it cost to provide a quality educational experience? These are the types of questions for which the Michigan Legislature recently paid nearly $400,000 to obtain some answers.
These answers would clearly be helpful to policymakers who determine how many tax dollars to allocate to schools. But these concerns about the adequate level of school funding are based in part on the common assumption that spending more on K-12 schools will generate better academic outcomes. A more fundamental question that policymakers might want to answer before determining the appropriate level of funding for schools is: What is the relationship between school spending and student achievement in Michigan?
That is the question this paper attempts to answer.
To read a response to a critique of this study, click here.
The Mackinac Center for Public Policy is a nonprofit research and educational institute that advances the principles of free markets and limited government. Through our research and education programs, we challenge government overreach and advocate for a free-market approach to public policy that frees people to realize their potential and dreams.
Please consider contributing to our work to advance a freer and more prosperous state.


Jeannette Rankin was the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress in 1916 by the state of Montana. A Republican and a pacifist, she spoke out fiercely against U.S. military intervention. Rankin was not seated in Congress until April 2, 1917 due to a prolonged discussion about whether a woman should be admitted into Congress. As History.com notes:
Finally, on April 2, 1917, she was introduced in Congress as its first female member. The same day, President Woodrow Wilson addressed a joint session of Congress and urged a declaration of war against Germany. On April 4, the Senate voted for war by a wide majority, and on April 6 the vote went to the House. Citing public opinion in Montana and her own pacifist beliefs, Jeannette Rankin was one of only 50 representatives who voted against the American declaration of war. For the remainder of her first term in Congress, she sponsored legislation to aid women and children, and advocated the passage of a federal suffrage amendment.
Rankin went on to become a figure in the suffrage and pacifist movements. She was elected to Congress for a second term in 1940. Rankin passed in 1973 at the age of 93.


March is a time of renewal and growth, ushering us into spring and signaling that the cold, short, bare days of winter are behind us and warmer days are ahead. March is also when we observe International Women’s Day and Women’s History Month. Since 1987 when the first Women’s History Month was proclaimed, there has been an annual theme. The 2023 theme is “Celebrating Women Who Tell Our Stories.”
It is remarkable that through thousands of years of persecution, Jews have remained and still survive. Constantly a statistical minority, continuously targeted by individual and global acts of antisemitism, Judaism has outlasted myriad other civilizations and continues to do so. A single common thread —the passing down of our traditions, our culture, our religion and our stories from dor l’dor, generation to generation — has enabled our survival.
Storytelling has always been a Jewish value. Rooted in the history of midrash, the sharing of oral tradition and the exploration and interpretation of the stories and laws around Judaism have been essential to Jewish survival. Throughout history, Jewish women have been a crucial component of that. Take, for example, Hemdah Ben-Yehuda, who worked closely with her husband to develop the modern Hebrew we know and speak today, ensuring a modern language that would aid in the longevity of a Jewish people in Israel. Look also to the efforts of the multiple women who have and are contributing to telling the Jewish American story. Like Rosa Sonneschein, founder of the American Jewess, the first English magazine published for Jewish women in the United States; Dora Askowith, a Jewish women’s history expert and professor who taught Jewish women at Hunter College for 45 years; Ruth Bader Ginsburg, whose comprehensive and pointed dissenting opinions have become famous for telling the story of judicial efforts toward creating a more equitable and fair society.
By participating in and contributing to Jewish life in our community, we are also sharing in our rich tradition of Jewish women telling our own stories. This Women’s History Month, come be a part of that tradition by sharing your voice, telling our stories, and contributing to the longevity of both our local and global communities.


The 75 million-year-old claw of an extinct dinosaur has a sheath formed of keratin – just like modern birds such as the ostrich.
The finding was reported by a research team from North Carolina State University in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
The claw came from a bird-like dinosaur, Citipati osmolskae, that lived during the Cretaceous Period in what is now the Gobi Desert along the border of China and Mongolia. The dinosaur was killed when a sand dune collapsed, researchers said.
It was unlucky for the extinct dinosaur, but not for researchers: the rapid burial led to remarkable preservation of the C. osmolskae’s remains.
Though the fossil was uncovered 20 years ago, researchers studying the specimen recently spotted what appeared to be a keratin sheath. Microscopic examination and molecular scans showed that it was indeed a keratin sheath, and that it was structurally similar to the claw sheaths of modern birds.
In modern birds, beta-keratin – a substance found only in reptiles and birds, but similar to the material that forms human finger- and toenails – serves to protect each claw, making them harder and more useful tools in defense and hunting.
In addition to revealing a link between Cretaceous Period dinosaurs and modern birds, the study found that the rapid collapse of the sand dune on the dinosaur led to calcium being incorporated with the fossil remains. The calcium appears to have played a major role in the preservation of the original molecules of the remains, allowing scientists to get a better idea of the oviraptor’s physical structures, scientists said.
By Olivia Harvey, Earth.com Staff Writer


California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. Its population of 39.6 million people makes it the most populous state in the country and the third largest by area. The origin of California dates back to 1769 when Spanish settlers named it after a mythical island paradise featured in Spanish literature, “Las Islas Californias”.
The California map reveals its diversity with eight distinct regions across 843 miles from border to border. Each region has its own unique climate, geography, culture, and topography that contribute to the varied character of this large state. Almost one-third of California’s population speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish being spoken by over 12 million people throughout many parts of California. In addition, there are numerous Native American languages still spoken throughout much of the state today.
Download the FREE California map, stencils, patterns, state outlines, and shapes for woodworking projects, scroll saw patterns, laser cutting, arts and crafts, string art projects, vinyl cutting, silkscreening, silhouette and Cricut cutting machines, coloring pages, etc. You can select scalable vector graphic (SVG) templates and design options.
California stencils, clip art designs, patterns, and templates
Pattern Uses and Types of Materials
You can use FREE California Map, patterns, silhouette, state outlines, and shapes for laser cutting, crafts, vinyl cutting, screen printing, silhouette and Cricut cutting machines, coloring pages, and so on print or download vector templates.
Print or download the California silhouette pattern for woodworking projects, scroll saw patterns, laser cutting, crafts, vinyl cutting, screen printing, silhouette, Cricut machines, coloring pages, etc. Patterns include Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) templates and designs.
Using these designs as templates, stencils, patterns, shapes, and models will help you create other objects or transfer designs. Use these patterns for craft shows, home decor, or other sales online. These formats make great coloring pages and coloring sheets, crochet patterns, drawing and painting SVG files for Cricut or Silhouette HD, and SVG files for cutting by machine.


While most reading professionals agree with the basic tenets of the federal No Child Left Behind Act—that reading instruction should be based on research and teachers should engage in sound professional development in the subject—fewer than half in a recent survey indicated that instruction has improved as a result of the 3-year-old law.
The educators overwhelmingly agreed that reading instruction has received more attention because of the law’s focus on literacy, but nearly 80 percent said the measure has contributed to low teacher morale.
Read the results of the International Reading Association survey.
The Newark, Del.-based International Reading Association surveyed some 4,000 of its 80,000 members last fall to gauge their perceptions of the benefits, and drawbacks, of the federal law.
A third of those randomly polled responded to the survey. Overall, the respondents were generally positive about the aims of the law, but they disagreed with the penalties imposed on schools that consistently do not meet performance goals.
Views on whether the law’s benefits outweigh its weaknesses were mixed, with 41 percent agreeing with that statement, and 37 percent disagreeing.
Teachers working at schools receiving money under the federal Reading First initiative expressed more positive opinions about the NCLB law than did their peers at nonparticipating schools.
A version of this article appeared in the February 16, 2005 edition of Education Week


Diving behavior of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Punta Tombo, Argentina
Geographic and temporal variability in the marine environment affects seabirds' ability to find food. Similarly, an individual's body size or condition may influence their ability to capture prey. We examined the diving behavior of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Punta Tombo, Argentina, as an indicator of variation in foraging ability. We studied how body size affected diving capability and how diving varies among years and within breeding seasons. We also compared diving patterns of Magellanic penguins at Punta Tombo with those of birds in two colonies at the opposite end of the species' breeding range. Larger penguins tended to dive deeper and for longer than smaller birds. Trips were longer during incubation and in the years and colonies with lower reproductive success, which suggests that in those instances birds were working hard to recover body condition and feed chicks. Average dive depths, average dive durations, and percentages of time spent diving were always similar. We found that the only parameter these penguins consistently modified while foraging was the length of their foraging trip, which suggests that penguins at Punta Tombo were diving at maximum rates to find their preferred prey. Increasing trip length, we suggest, is a physiologically conservative solution for increasing the likelihood of encountering prey.
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Walker, Brian G. and Boersma, P. Dee, "Diving behavior of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Punta Tombo, Argentina" (2003). Biology Faculty Publications. 64.
Walker, B. G., & Boersma, P. D. (2003). Diving behavior of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Punta Tombo, Argentina. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81(9), 1471-1483. doi:10.1139/z03-142.
Copyright 2003 Copyright National Research Council of Canada
A link to full text has been provided for authorized users.


Cuilean was the instigator in a dynastic conflict that beset the Scottish monarchy at the end of the tenth century. As the rival lines descended from Kenneth MacAlpin came into conflict, Cuilean took the throne from Dubh, but would he be able to keep it? To find out how he fares, you can listen to his podcast here or read on to find out more.
Tag Archives: Britons
Kenneth MacAlpin is traditionally seen as the first King of Scots, unifying the northern kingdoms against the Vikings and establishing a new nation in the process. However, the truth is a little more nuanced and involves a host of disputed events including warfare, skulduggery, lost animals and a curious smell of fish. So, just who was Kenneth MacAlpin and does he have the Rex Factor? Read our latest blog to find out and vote in our poll to give your verdict.
Scottish Backgroundy Stuff
Welcome to a brand new series of Rex Factor! After reviewing all of England’s monarchs, we’re now setting our sights on the Kings and Queens of Scots, reviewing all the monarchs from Kenneth MacAlpin to James VI and deciding who among them is worthy of the Rex Factor. Before we start our reviewing, however, we started the series with a backgroundy episode, looking at Scottish history from the earliest settlers to the age of the Vikings.


- History of the AMS
The American Meteorological Society was founded in 1919 by Charles Franklin Brooks of the Blue Hill Observatory in Milton, Massachusetts. Its initial membership came primarily from the U.S. Signal Corps and U.S. Weather Bureau and numbered just less than 600. Its initial publication, the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, was meant to serve as a supplement to the Monthly Weather Review, which, at the time, was published by the U.S. Weather Bureau.
- History of the AMS Seal
In the May, 1920 issue of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, there is a brief announcement concerning the submission of designs for a Seal. A Seal Committee, consisting of C.F. Brooks (Secretary) and C.F Marvin (a member of the governing Council) formulated the requirements that "the Seal should show the two Americas, that it should show something meteorological, and that the manifold applications of meteorology should be indicated." A design by Lieut. C.N. Keyser was approved by the Seal Committee and put to a vote before the attendees at the Annual Meeting in 1920. Though there is no record in the Bulletin of a favorable vote, the Seal design seems to have gone into use immediately. more information...
- History of the House at 45 Beacon Street
In 1806 Charles Bulfinch (a famous Boston architect) completed the house at 45 Beacon Street for Boston's third mayor, Harrison Gray Otis. Otis resided in this house until his death in 1848. After Otis's death there were three owners of the house until the American Meteorological Society purchased and renovated it in 1958. Executives and staff moved into their new headquarters in 1960. more information...


HR1124 is a hypergiant star in the constellation of Camelopardalis.
HR1124 visual magnitude is 5.8. Because of its reltive faintness, HR1124 should be visible only from locations with dark skyes, while it is not visible at all from skyes affected by light pollution.
The table below summarizes the key facts about HR1124:
HR1124 is above the horizon from Greenwich, United Kingdom .
Celestial coordinates and finder chart of HR1124
HR1124 is situated close to the northern celestial pole and, as such, it is visible for most part of the year from the northern hemisphere. Celestial coordinates for the J2000 equinox as well as galactic coordinates of HR1124 are provided in the following table:
The simplified sky map below shows the position of HR1124 in the sky:
Visibility of HR1124 from your location
Location: Greenwich, United Kingdom
Latitude: 51° 28’ 47” N
Longitude: 0° 00’ 00” E
HR1124 is circumpolar and transits at 10:27 UTC (altitude: 74.3°)
Digitized Sky Survey image of HR1124
The image below is a photograph of HR1124 from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 (DSS2 - see the credits section) taken in the red channel. The area of sky represented in the image is 0.5x0.5 degrees (30x30 arcmins). The proper motion of HR1124 is 0.081 arcsec per year in Right Ascension and -0.113 arcsec per year in Declination and the associated displacement for the next 1000 years is represented with the red arrow.
Distance of HR1124 from the Sun and relative movement
HR1124 is distant 180.51 light years from the Sun and it is moving far from the Sun at the speed of 6 kilometers per second.
Spectral properties of HR1124
HR1124 belongs to spectral class F0 and has a luminosity class of IV corresponding to a hypergiant star.
The red dot in the diagram below shows where HR1124 is situated in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.


Numerical simulations show that the dark matter halos surrounding galaxies are expected to contain many over-densities or sub-halos. The most massive of these sub-halos can be optically observed in the form of dwarf galaxies. However, most lower mass sub-halos are predicted to exist as dark dwarf galaxies: sub-halos like dwarf galaxies with no luminous counterpart. It may be possible to detect these unseen sub-halos from gamma-ray signals originating from dark matter annihilation. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) is a very high energy (500 GeV to >100 TeV) gamma ray detector with a wide field-of-view and near continuous duty cycle, making HAWC ideal for unbiased sky surveys. We perform a search for gamma ray signals from dark dwarfs in the Milky Way halo with HAWC. We perform a targeted search of HAWC gamma-ray sources which have no known association with lower-energy counterparts, based on an unbiased survey of the entire sky. With no sources found to strongly prefer dark matter models, we calculate the ability of HAWC to observe dark dwarfs. We also compute the HAWC sensitivity to potential future detections for a given model of dark matter substructure. Assuming thermal dark matter, we find the corresponding J-factor of a dark dwarf required to reach the HAWC detection criterion is 5.79× 1020 GeV2 cm-5 sr for one particular set of dark matter assumptions. HAWC is found to be able to competitively constrain dark matter annihilation from discovered halos with J-factors on the scale of 1019 GeV2 cm-5 sr or greater, with better constraints obtained on dark matter models with >10 TeV masses and sources that transit overhead.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Journal||Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics|
|State||Published - Jul 15 2019|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Astronomy and Astrophysics


Let’s discuss 8 different ways to ask ‘what are you doing’ in Spanish. Relatable examples are also included to make explanations easier to understand and master.
Develop the vocabulary list on how to ask someone for their name and say “my name is” in Spanish and make good Spanish friends.
Want to learn what’s to in the Spanish language? Here are some of the most common ways to say “to” in Spanish, as well as when to use them.
The alphabet is the foundation of a language. Let’s explore Spanish alphabet letters to fuel the Spanish learning process and get a solid start!
Learn how to count in Spanish. Starting from basic cardinal numbers, this guide will make you learn Spanish numbers in a quick and handy way.
In this article, we will explore present tenses in Spanish, their examples, and how the present tense is used in common phrases and expressions.
The preterite is one of the two simple past tenses in Spanish, the other being the Imperfect. It indicates that an action was completed in the past.
Getting into the future tenses in Spanish will surely take you one step closer to being a fluent Spanish speaker.
Learn how to use and conjugate regular-ar verbs in Spanish as they are the most commonly used verb in Spanish.
Skipping Spanish pronouns is never an option. Understand pronouns and their application to be a fluent Spanish speaker.