: any of various nonruminant mammals (such as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a hippopotamus) of a former group (Pachydermata) that have hooves or nails resembling hooves and usually thick skin; especially : elephant
Did You Know?
Pachydermos in Greek means literally “having thick skin” (figuratively, it means “dull” or “stupid”). It’s from pachys, meaning “thick,” and derma, meaning “skin.” In the late 1700s, the French naturalist Georges Cuvier adapted the Greek term as pachyderme for any one of a whole assemblage of hoofed animals having thickish skin: elephants, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, tapirs, horses, pigs, and more. English speakers learned the word from French in the early 1800s. The adjective pachydermatous means “of or relating to the pachyderms” or “thickened” (referring to skin). Not too surprisingly, it also means “callous” or “insensitive” (somewhat unfairly especially to elephants, which are actually known to be rather sensitive).
“‘Rhino births are significant events at the Zoo so we are thrilled to share news of Niki’s pregnancy and cannot wait to welcome this new addition to our herd,’ said Rachel Emory, OKC Zoo curator of pachyderms.” — The Oklahoman (Oklahoma City), 15 Feb. 2020
“The elephants, though, still needed to reach the river. They hewed close to the old route, the one imprinted on generations of pachyderm brains….” — Hannah Beech and Muktita Suhartono, The New York Times, 16 July 2020


Did anyone guess last week’s mystery seed?
These seeds are from Acacia salicina, a tree native to Australia but also grown in the southwestern United States. It has various common names, one of which is “willow acacia,” because of its draping, willow-like appearance.
The powderpuff blossoms attract bees and butterflies.
After pollination, the flowers produce these:
Any guesses what the bright red or orange fleshy structures next to the seeds are? Those are very interesting. They are called “elaiosomes,” meaning literally “oily bodies.” The tail-like parts are like a brightly-colored potato chip stuck to the seed. The birds eat the potato chip part and often carry off the seed with it. They drop the seed unharmed when they are done. The seed is thus moved away from its parent or dispersed. Botanically the structure is called an “aril,” which has to do with what part of the plant the elaiosome is derived from.
For a great deal more information about the genus Acacia, see The Unforgettable Acacias
And now, without further ado, the:
I was a little easier on you this week. What kind of plant grows from a seed like this?
If you’d like more information on trees, try these books:
(Affiliate link to Amazon)
Leave a Reply


Cancer treatment has become comparatively easier to live with over the past decades, without actually becoming out and out palatable. And for a lot of patients, the treatment is still worse than the disease. Not that living with the disease is ever a walk in the park. A friend of ours who knows once said that deciding whether to undergo treatment for cancer was like deciding whether to cross the Atlantic in a rowboat or on the Titanic. So anything that helps, well, helps.
At this past weekend’s South by South Lawn: A White House Festival of Ideas, Art and Action, University of Southern California researchers presented research showing how wearable technology and smartphones might be able to refine and ease the process, by giving oncologists and other doctors real-time data to work with.
Cancer treatment is usually an intermittent affair, with patients seeing doctors and getting treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation every so many days or weeks. Doctor visits are short and aren’t always able to address everything the patient is experiencing. Using wearable technology biometric data allows doctor to base treatment and other medical decisions on more immediate, objective data.
“The more than 30,000 minutes between visits are a missed opportunity,” said Peter Kuhn, co-lead researcher on the Analytical Technologies to Objectively Measure Human Performance project. “Technology can be leveraged to fill this gap and provide a comprehensive picture. The collected data can lead to better treatment decisions, better survival rates, and better understanding between physician and patient.”
The USC researchers participated in the SXSL Cancer Moonshot exhibit championed by Vice President Joe Biden. SXSL is based on the famous annual Austin, Texas, SXSW event for music, interactive film, and, lately, technical innovation.


Big Data and Big Healthcare Boost
Healthcare analytics is the collection and analysis of data in the healthcare industry in order to gain insights and support decision-making. From key areas like medical costs, clinical data, patient behavior, and pharmaceuticals, healthcare analytics can be used on both macro and micro levels to effectively streamline operations, improve patient care, and lower overall costs.
October 18, 2020
Healthcare data is one of the most complex of any industry. From electronic health records (EHR) to monitoring real-time vital signs, data not only comes from several sources but has to comply with government regulations. It’s a difficult and delicate process and requires a level of security and connectivity only an embedded analytics solution can provide.
To Collect and to Serve
Collecting and analyzing such data helps to get more insights about the people’s health and why certain health conditions occur. And how to detect the various types of diseases timely using the AI-enabled machines for faster diagnosis with accuracy.
The benefits of big data in healthcare translate into terms of timely and improved patient’s treatment and care experience. Moreover, prediction of deadly disease, reducing the death rates, healthy lifestyle and effective surveillance of public health and making policies for public healthcare and management systems.
The Big Data Future
The role of big data into the healthcare sector is going to become more vital with more demand from fast-growing technologies like AI and machine learning. And adopting big data analytics will also become vital for healthcare organizations to operate with better efficiency and productiveness.
Moreover, the availability of healthcare training data for AI will also help wearable device makers to provide more accurate information to end-users. And using such wearable devices, patient monitoring also gives useful information to healthcare service providers to improve their services and help people enjoy advanced healthcare facilities.


The neurological condition of Learning Disabilities tends to cause jumpy eye movements. This results in an occasional word being snatched from a nearby line and incorporated into the one being read. As comprehension in the early stages of remediation is often poor, these displaced words tend to go unnoticed.
To overcome this problem, instruct the student to slide his index finger under the words as he reads them. The rationale here is that physical guidance encourages a smooth eye tracking motion and thereby can significantly decrease the unintended relocation of words. Finger pointing has an additional benefit as it aids in directing the reader’s attention to the task on hand.
During the early stages of remediation, the tendency not to notice misread words increases during silent reading. To correct this, have the student read aloud as this enables the brain to receive information from the ears as well as the eyes. It is this increase in sensory input that helps the brain detect that something is askew.
For instance, when the sounds the ears hear do not match the letters the eyes see, the reader is alerted that something is not quite right and this encourages him to reread the sentence. Therefore, until skills become well established, reading aloud even if it is only in a whisper is highly recommended.
The next posting will address the need for ongoing remediation.


Authors: Muchesa P, Mwamba O, Barnard TG, Bartie C.
Source: BioMed Research International Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 575297
Free-living amoebae pose a potential health risk in water systems as they may be pathogenic and harbor potential pathogenic bacteria known as amoebae resistant bacteria. Free-living amoebae were observed in 150 (87.2%) of the environmental water samples. In particular, Acanthamoeba sp. was identified in 22 (12.8%) using amoebal enrichment and confirmed by molecular analysis. FLA were isolated in all 8 stages of the wastewater treatment plant using the amoebal enrichment technique. A total of 16 (9.3%) samples were positive for FLA from influent, 20 (11.6%) from bioreactor feed, 16 (9.3%) from anaerobic zone, 16 (9.3%) from anoxic zone, 32 (18.6%) from aerators, 16 (9.3%) from bioreactor effluent, 11 (6.4%) from bioreactor final effluent, and 45 (26.2%) from maturation pond. This study provides baseline information on the occurrence of amoebae in waste water treatment plant. This has health implications on receiving water bodies as some FLA are pathogenic and are also involved in the transmission and dissemination of pathogenic bacteria.


The battle between two competing molecules apparently plays a pivotal role in nerve cells. In a major breakthrough, researchers from the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford found that battle between two competing molecules decides whether nerve cells grow and migrate or in the case of scar tissue, are inhibited severely by limiting recoveries from damage to the central nervous system. These two molecules allegedly target exactly the same site on a protein switch that questions how they can produce opposing effects on the growth of nerve cells.
The regeneration of nerve cells within and across scar tissue is presumably inhibited by the molecule chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG). This molecule is seemingly produced in large amounts within scar tissue following damage to the nervous system. Scientists assume that this molecule interacts with a protein located on the surface of the nerve cells. This protein appears strongly vital for switching cell movement ‘off.’
“Earlier work suggested that drugs blocking the interaction of CSPG with the protein switch would be beneficial to nerve regeneration. Our work has added an unexpected twist to the story, however: such molecules would also block the positive effect of HSPGs, so the benefits would be minimal, if any.” stated Dr Charlotte Coles, first author of the study and a Wellcome Trust PhD student at the time of the research.
At the time of the investigation, it was pointed out that a closely related family of molecules, the heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs), may promote nerve growth. They probably do this by acting on the same protein switch to turn ‘on’ cell growth. Both types of molecule are believed to act on the same component of the switch, known as a receptor. It was affirmed that HSPGs can seemingly bind together multiple copies of the receptor, creating clusters of the protein on the surface of the nerve cell.
So other proteins inside the cells responsible for cell movement are supposedly signaled. Without this signal, the nerve cells are possibly unable to move into the damaged tissue. Medications promoting the clustering activity can apparently prove beneficial in nerve regeneration after nervous system injury.


Snapping Turtles’ Extensive Reach
When you see a Snapping Turtle on land, its head is often only a few inches out of its shell, but don’t be fooled! The length of its neck can be up to two-thirds the length of its shell and if threatened it can quickly extend its neck all the way out. (Keeping yourself out of reach is wise. However, come June, when female Snapping Turtles often are found crossing roads when they leave their ponds to lay eggs, rescuing them from oncoming cars usually calls for close proximity to them. To hold and transport them (to the side of the road they were headed), just grab the back end of the shell, where their head can’t quite reach your hands.)
Their long neck allows Snapping Turtles to capture prey such as fish, frogs and crayfish from a distance. When in shallow water, they can lie on the muddy bottom of the pond with only their heads occasionally exposed in order to take an occasional breath. If you look closely at a Snapping Turtle’s head (see photo), you will see that their nostrils are positioned on the very tip of their snout, effectively functioning as snorkels.
Naturally Curious is supported by donations. If you choose to contribute, you may go to http://www.naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com and click on the yellow “donate” button.
What Other Naturally Curious People Are Saying


Temperature measurements in a lyophilizer and the importance of lyophilisation
Lyophilisation or freeze-drying, is a process that removes water from biological and organic matter. The process of freeze-drying does not damage the material as heating does. We also preserve their structure and composition. Lyophilisation is based on freezing water, followed by depressurisation and the addition of sufficient heat. In this way, the frozen water in the material sublimes directly from a solid to a gaseous aggregate.
How to check if your lyophilizer is showing the correct temperature?
The temperature in the lyophilizer is measured in the lyophilizer itself using a meter with an internal sensor. This means that such a meter is exposed to very low temperatures as well as vacuum.
For accurate and reliable measurements of the temperature in the lyophilizer, we recommend measuring with data logger or memory unit EBI 12-T101 which has been designed for just such purposes. The Logger has an internal sensor and a particularly robust housing. This enables it to withstand such temperature conditions.
COMMON ADDITIONAL OPTIONS:
For use in:
Food industry, medicine, pharmacy, biology, dry ice measurements, cyrogenics.
At the ELPRO Calibration Laboratory, which is accredited to SIST EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017, we calibrate your loggers according to their capabilities – link to our annex here.
+386 (0)2 62 96 720


Back to School Tooth Healthy Snacks
The kids are back in school and you are back at the guessing game of what to fill their lunch box with. You don’t have time to prepare a fancy meal for them everyday but you want something healthy! Take these foods into consideration for back to school tooth healthy snacks!
Did you know apples have been called nature’s tooth brush? Yes, this delicious fruit contains lots of fiber which acts as helpful bristles against your enamel. The bad bacteria that causes your breath to smell are destroyed by the acidity of an apple too! Further, keep that skin on the apple for the kids because it promotes healthy gums and teeth!
Carrots are loved for how easy they are to incorporate as a snack. Like apples, they also have a high fiber content that works to scrub away plaque and food debris. As you eat a carrot, it stimulates saliva production and this is one of your body’s built in mechanisms for cleaning your mouth. Not to mention, carrots are high in B Vitamins, something that keeps gums happy.
Cheese? This one may have surprised you. However, we are often told that milk and therefore cheese, is high in Calcium which promotes strong bones. Well, Calcium also works to promote strong teeth! As a bonus, United Concordia Dental brings out, “cheese and other dairy products contain a protein called casein. And when combined with the calcium and phosphate compounds found in cheese, casein forms a protective coating on the tooth enamel, which helps prevent decalcification”. Who knew that this delicious treat was so helpful to your little ones’ teeth?.
Visit North County Dental Specialty!
If you are interested in ensuring your kids’ have great oral health, bring them for a visit. We will perform a comprehensive oral evaluation for them so you can have peace of mind knowing their teeth are in tip top shape!


At Rosliston School we follow the National Curriculum, set out by the government, for pupils of primary school age. The current curriculum was implemented in 2014. Within these guidelines we have adopted a creative, cross-curricular approach - that we hope will make pupils' learning more cohesive and engaging. Although, please be aware that we are currently working to review our curriculum and these themes are subject to change.
As we have mixed-age classes, our curriculum themes cycle through on a two year rotation, so that children do not repeat content during their time in each class. In order to reinforce and build on specific subject knowledge and skills, we do re-visit some of these within the two year cycle.
Our school curriculum has been designed with age-related class themes across each term. Through the themed approach, we endeavour to make the most of links between learning and subject areas. For instance, in a topic about Great Britain the children might learn about the history and geography of Great Britain. They may write letters to places of interest requesting information in their English lessons. Through science, music and art we might learn about specific British individuals who have, or are currently making, important contributions to the country and indeed the world. Whilst we try to make as many curriculum links as we can, we also recognise that some subject matter may need to be taught discretely alongside the main class theme.
Please see the overviews at the bottom of this page, for the topics our children will be covering each term.
Accessed via the link below, are our whole-school progression documents for each subject.


CREATION OF UNIVERSE IS NEITHER REAL NOR APPARENT
Science Analyzes any item having Volume
O Learned and Devoted Servants of God,
The unimaginable God created this Universe, which is different from God since this is imaginable. There are two schools in philosophy regarding the process of creation.
i) One is the real modification (Parinama) and
ii) the other is the apparent modification (Vivarta).
In the first type, the cause is really modified into the effect like the modification of milk into curd. In the second type, the cause is apparently modified into effect like the modification of water into wave. Both these schools quarrel with each other regarding the modification of God into Universe. The first school says that God is really modified into Universe and the second school says that God is apparently modified into Universe. The quarrel exists between these two schools, because the creation of this Universe by God is neither real nor apparent. The truth is beyond these two schools and hence, quarrel always continues between two false arguments. If the argument is true, all the other arguments will surely vanish. The false argument can never exist before the true argument for a long time. The reason, to say that these two schools are not applicable to God and Universe, is that these two schools speak about the concepts existing between the imaginable cause and imaginable effect. The milk and curd and water and wave are imaginable items. In our topic, God is unimaginable and Universe is imaginable. There is no unimaginable item in the Universe in view of the developed powerful scientific analysis. The only unimaginable item is God and therefore, science fails in the analysis of God.
Universal Spirituality for World Peace


Free flashcards, worksheets, coloring pages, and more!
Let’s dive into the wonderful world of bugs! We have creative bug crafts, bug worksheets to practice numbers and writing and some really fun songs to sing along to. Plus lots more videos, songs, crafts, activities, worksheets and more!
Songs (11) Show All
Crawl Like A Caterpillar
The Roly Poly Roll
Butterfly Ladybug Bumblebee
Here Is The Beehive | featuring Caitie
The Ants Go Marching #2
The Bees Go Buzzing
Here Is The Beehive
Caitie’s Classroom Amazing Bugs – Count & Write
Butterfly Life Cycle: The Stages Of Metamorphosis
The Ants Go Marching – Connect
The Ants Go Marching – Connect & Color
The Ants Go Marching – Count & Write
The Ants Go Marching – Count, Connect, Color
The Ants Go Marching – Maze
Butterfly Matching Game
Crafts (17) Show All
Spider Puppet Craft
Welcome To Caitie’s Classroom Camp!
Create Your Own Beehive
Symmetrical Butterfly Painting
Make Your Own Rock Bugs!
Decorate Your Helmet With A Butterfly & Flowers!
Decorate Your Helmet Like A Bug!


Writing a Literary Analysis
You've selected a work of literature, found a focus for your analysis, explored connections to it, and written a working thesis statement. Now you have plenty of ideas to pour onto the page in a first draft. You'll create a beginning paragraph, multiple middle paragraphs, and an ending paragraph. The activities in this lesson plan will guide you in creating each part, and the literary analysis at the end can help inspire your own writing.
Writing the Beginning Paragraph
Start your essay with a lead that gets readers' attention and orients them to the piece of literature you will analyze. After your lead sentence, you will develop a paragraph that ends with your thesis statement.
Write a lead sentence.
Write a possible lead for each of the following strategies, using the examples to inspire you. Then choose your favorite lead to use as the first sentence in your beginning paragraph. Make a copy of this Google doc or download a Word template.
1. Name the work and author and summarize its importance.
Watership Down by Richard Adams is a story about rabbits, but it's also about refugees and vision quests and the making of great leaders.
2. Quote a review of the literature.
“Once snared, you'll be gripped uncompromisingly by a master teller of tales. And chances are you'll not recall nobler heroes than the rabbits seeking happiness on Watership Down.”
—The Atlanta Constitution
3. Provide an engaging fact.
Humans domesticated dogs tens of thousands of years ago, when we were still hunters and gatherers.
4. Ask an interesting question.
Have you ever seen a sleeping dog snuff and snort, legs scrabbling sideways on the floor, twitching in some dream of the hunt?
Write your beginning paragraph.
Start with your lead, and then provide background and develop a paragraph leading to your thesis statement.


1862 – Martin Van Buren dies at the age of 79. Van Buren, was an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841. A founder of the Democratic Party, he had previously served as the ninth governor of New York, the tenth secretary of the United States and deputy. president of the United States.
1911 – Hiram Bingham III rediscovers Machu Picchu, Peru “The Lost City of the Incas”. This would serve as one of the greatest and most important world archaeological discoveries of the twentieth century. Bingham later served as governor of Connecticut for a single day, and later as a member of the United States Senate.
1929 – The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, enters into force (it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928, by most of the world’s major powers). The Pact renounced the use of war and calls for the peaceful settlement of disputes between states.
1943 – Operation Gomorrah begins during World War II. British and Canadian planes bomb Hamburg at night, while American planes bomb it during the day. By the end of the operation in November, 10,000 tons of explosives managed to kill more than 30,000 people and destroy 280,000 buildings.
1969 – Born in New York, Jennifer Lopez. Lopez, also known by her nickname J.Lo, is an American actress, singer, dancer, stylist, model, producer, and businesswoman. With a profit of US $ 3.1 billion and global sales of record 70 million, Lopez is rated as the most influential entertainer in the United States.
1977 – The four-day Libyan-Egyptian war ends. The conflict stemmed from a deterioration in relations that had occurred between the two countries after Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had opposed calls by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi to unify the two countries and had made peace with Israel after the Yom Kippur War.
2001 – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Bulgaria’s last tsar, is sworn in as Bulgaria’s prime minister, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic elections in another office. Simeon is one of the two living heads of a state, (along with the Dalai Lama) since the time of World War II.


How to Use Comics to Teach Inferences
When you walk into a restaurant, what do you see? Maybe a couple appear to be in a heated debate or a waiter is frantically moving from table to table. Even though you may not have a conversation with these people, there are inferences you can make about each situation. The ability to make inferences is essential to reading comprehension. Using comics to teach inferences can be an effective and engaging way to develop student’s reading comprehension skills.
1 Why Comics
Comics are less intimidating to students and the engagement level is higher. They do not depict everything in detail, so they allow students to draw their own inferences
2 Comics and Higher-Level Thinking
Students make inferences when they combine textual clues with prior knowledge to make meaning. To make inferences based on comics requires both critical thinking skills and visual literacy skills. These are high-level thinking processes that lead students to deeper comprehension.
3 Four Guiding Questions
Educational reformer Dr. Robert Marzano points out four questions that can be implemented into any lesson plan using comics to build inference skills: What is my inference? What information did I use to make that inference? How good was my thinking? Do I need to change my thinking? At each level, students reflect on their decisions and assess the validity of those decisions against the textual evidence.
4 Activity Using Comics
First, place students into small groups and give each group one single pane from the same comic strip. Students will “read” the image in their groups and come up with a hypothesis of what is going on. The students will then identify the visual cues that led them to that hypothesis. Mention to students that inferences are like context clues, but with pictures. Give students Marzano’s four questions for inferences for the next part of this activity. Students work individually to analyze and make inferences about an entire comic strip. Using the questions to guide their analysis, they will support inferences with evidence. Have students pair up and switch comics to complete the same activity using their partner’s comic. After students have had time to go through the questions and find evidence for inferences, they compare and contrast responses.


About school governors
School governors are volunteers who make sure schools provide the best possible education for students.
Most employers will encourage you to become a school governor as you'll gain skills and experience transferable to the workplace.
Being a school governor is a public duty, so you'll be entitled to reasonable time off, although this may be without pay.
What a school governor does
As a school governor, you'll work with the headteacher and school staff as part of a governing board.
Your role will include:
- Working as a team to support and challenge the school's senior leadership
- Attending meetings of the governing board
- Serving on a committee such as Resources, Curriculum or Admissions
- Representing and promoting your school
- Taking part in training or development to enhance your knowledge and skills
- The option to take on a role such as a chair or vice-chair
- Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people
Read the school governor profile at the National Governance Association
Types of governors
There are different types of governors and they're appointed in different ways.
All governors have the same roles and responsibilities once they're part of the governing board.
- Parent – elected by parents at the school
- Co-opted – appointed by existing members of the governing board
- Local Authority – appointed by Rochdale Borough Council
- Staff – elected by teaching and non-teaching colleagues at the school
- Foundation – appointed by the relevant Diocese - in church schools only
- Partnership - appointed by existing members of the governing board
Responsibilities of the governing board
The governing board has 3 core functions - to make sure:
- The vision, ethos and strategic direction of the school are clearly defined
- The headteacher performs his or her responsibilities for the educational performance of the school
- The school's financial resources are used properly and effectively
The Governance Handbook offers further guidance on the roles and duties of governing boards. Find the Governance Handbook at GOV.UK


Tuareg conditions continued to deteriorate throughout the thirties.
Tuaregs became marginalized from the emerging countries all around the Sahara, each building its own territory without any consideration for the Desert people.
As the French withdrew, the Tuaregs tried to participate to the institutional life in Niger and Mali.
In Niger the first president - Diori Hamani - had chosen a Tuareg called Mouddour Zakara to head the ministry of "nomad and Saharan affairs", to reaffirm his good intentions to integrate Tuaregs into his governement.
But between 1974 and 1987 Tuaregs were the first victims of the new Dictator Seyni Kountché who did not especially like them.
In 1985 two soldiers of the army of Niger were reported to have been killed by Tuareg dissidents. They were suspected of being influenced by Libya.
Hence, Tuaregs publicly manifested their discontent, which resulted in the expulsion of many Tuaregs considered to be dissidents.
In 1987 the new president Ali Saïbou attempted to convince the refugees in Libya and Algeria to return to Niger. Nevertheless, the repression still occurred in Niger.
The first insurrection in Mali occurred in 1963, against the Bamako government, lead by Modibo Keita. But the Tuaregs were severely repressed. It was probably the precursor of the 90´s rebellion.
Note that the Algerian and Malian Governements collaborated in denouncing the Tuareg refugee leader in southern Algeria.
And France which had just withdrawn from the country showed a certain indifference.
This repression resulted in thousands of deaths.


In May 1607, three ships arrived at Jamestown bearing settlers who would establish the first enduring English colony in North America. Although it initially struggled to survive, the settlement eventually prospered and became the capital of Virginia. Jamestown is best known for its inhabitants John Smith and Pocahontas; however, it should also be remembered for its role in the establishment of the English language, Protestant faith, and representative government in America. The site of the 1607 James Fort and 17th-century city have been preserved through the efforts of Preservation Virginia and the National Park Service. A popular tourist destination since the 19th century, Historic Jamestowne has welcomed millions of visitors over the years, many of whom attended the 1907 Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition and the 1957 Jamestown Festival, which celebrated Jamestown’s important legacy as America’s birthplace.
Author Catherine E. Dean, curator of collections, has selected the best images from Preservation Virginia’s extensive archival collection for [the] Postcard History Series: Jamestown. Together, they tell the fascinating story of Jamestown’s history from the 17th century to the present day.
|Title:||Postcard History Series: Jamestown|
|Author:||Catherine E. Dean|
|Published:||February 20, 2012|
|Dimensions:||6.5 x 0.31 x 9.25 inches|


The healthcare needs of people with learning disabilities have been well covered in the literature. The recent confidential inquiry into premature deaths found delays or problems with diagnosis or treatment and problems with providing appropriate care in response to changing needs. Annual health checks have been shown to be effective in identifying previously unknown health conditions, but uptake is patchy.
A new tool has just been launched to help measure and assure the quality of health outcomes delivered by services for people with learning disabilities – The Health Equality Framework, or HEF. This has been developed by the UK Learning Disability Consultant Nurse Network.
The tool has been developed to measure the extent to which services minimise peoples’ exposure to the known determinants of health inequality.
In response to repeated service failures the 2012 report ‘Strengthening the Commitment’ called for learning disability nurse leaders to develop an objective measurement framework to demonstrate effectiveness of learning disability nurse inputs at the individual and service levels.
The Health Equalities Framework tool HEF can be used to establish a clear consensus around service priorities using indicators that focus on social, biological, behavioural, communication and service related factors. There is also a freely available electronic interface (the eHEF), which wlll enable data to be aggregated across services, professionals and teams to analyse variations in service outcomes.
In addition to the Nurse consultants, the Improving Health and Lives Learning Disabilities Public Health Observatory and the National Development Team for Inclusion have been involved, as well as the National Valuing Families Forum, the National Professional Senate, local and national advocacy groups and commissioners.
In addition there is supplementary commissioning guidance, based on the HEF, a guide for families and an easy read guide and tool for people with learning disabilities themselves.
The Health Equalities Framework (HEF) An outcomes framework based on the determinants of health inequalities


February 07, 2017, 13:05
If there is no time or money for classes in the gym, an ordinary jump rope will help to maintain good physical shape.
Classes with this projectile are surprisingly useful — they strengthen the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, develop endurance, improve metabolism and promote weight loss.
Experts advise how to make training with a rope as effective as possible.
- First, you need to choose the right sports equipment. The correct rope is the one, stepping on the middle of which, you can reach its ends to the armpits or a little higher. A natural rope made of linen or soft leather spins more slowly than a jump rope made of plastic and rubber, but it doesn’t hurt so much if you accidentally catch your back or legs. For “advanced” athletes, jump ropes with an electronic rev counter and calories are produced, and if you want to lose weight or get rid of cellulite, choose a weighted rope.
- For training with a skipping rope, it is important to choose the right sports shoes. Opt for running shoes that stabilize your foot and thus protect your feet from injury.
- When training with a rope, follow the technique — jump with a straight back, pressing your elbows to the body and rotating only with your hands. Land not on the whole foot and not on the heel, but on the toes.
- Before starting a lesson with a rope, it is advisable to warm up a little — jog or jump in place. You need to start training with 5‑minute jumps at an average pace, and then increase the pace and duration of the workout.
- After you have mastered simple jumps on both legs, you can complicate the exercises — jump alternately on one and the other leg, cross your arms in a jump or raise your knees high.
- Regularly exercising with a skipping rope for 5–10 minutes a day at least 3 times a week, you can remarkably strengthen the cardiovascular system, and 30-minute workouts effectively contribute to weight loss.
There are few contraindications to jumping rope — jumping is not recommended for people who have problems with joints and intervertebral discs, as well as with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
The rest, jump on health!
The opinion of the editors may not coincide with the opinion of the author of the article.


At 11:01 a.m. EST, flight controllers on the ground sent commands to release the Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft from the Canadarm2 robotic arm after earlier detaching Cygnus from the Earth-facing port of the Unity module. At the time of release, the station was flying about 260 miles over the South Pacific Ocean.
The Cygnus spacecraft successfully departed the International Space Station more than three months after arriving at the space station to deliver about 8,000 pounds of scientific investigations and supplies to the orbiting laboratory.
After departure, the Kentucky Re-Entry Probe Experiment (KREPE) stowed inside Cygnus will take measurements to demonstrate a thermal protection system for spacecraft and their contents during re-entry in Earth’s atmosphere, which can be difficult to replicate in ground simulations.
Cygnus will deorbit on Wednesday, Dec. 15, following a deorbit engine firing to set up a destructive re-entry in which the spacecraft, filled with waste the space station crew packed in the spacecraft, will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere.
Cygnus arrived at the space station Aug. 12, following a launch two days prior on Northrop Grumman’s Antares rocket from NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island, Virginia. It was the company’s 16th commercial resupply services mission to the space station for NASA. Northrop Grumman named the spacecraft after NASA astronaut Ellison Onizuka, the first Asian American astronaut.
For departure coverage and more information about the mission, visit: https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/. Get space station news, images and features via social media at: @space_station and @ISS_Research on Twitter, as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.
Get weekly video highlights at: http://jscfeatures.jsc.nasa.gov/videoupdate/


As part of the unique, science Know-It-Alls! Series that features stunning covers and engaging text, this book puts the spotlight on Dinosaurs! Did you know that Tyrannosaurus was the fiercest meat-eating dinosaur? It wasn’t the biggest, but it was huge—7 tons (6.5 metric tons) of charging monster. At over 40 feet (12 m) long, it was a smart killer with sharp eyesight. Learn all about these prehistoric creatures and the paleontologists that study them. Awesome life-like illustrations and informative stat boxes, filled with interesting facts, make this 24-page book fun and exciting for young science enthusiasts age 4 and up!
Titles in the Know-It-Alls! Series include: Butterflies, Crocodiles, Dinosaurs, Farm Animals, Safari Babies, Snakes, Sharks, Spiders, Whales, Wolves, Puppies, Wild Cats, Bugs, Birds of Prey, Fish, Frogs, Apes, Seals, Bats, Bears, Predators, Mummies, Volcanoes, Lizards, Kittens and Horses.This product comes in three formats: paperback book, paperback book with CD and eBook (pdf format). The CD includes the entire book in pdf format.


Better Cities, Better Living: A Bridge to Sustainability
The world is in the midst of the largest urban growth wave in history. That is precisely why cities play a key role on the road to a sustainable future. Silanes from Evonik are already helping to combine good infrastructure, careful use of resources, and a high quality of life.
Cities are the heart of society: the majority of people already live in cities. They generate 80 percent of the world's national product and consume about three-quarters of the world's energy; they are responsible for about four-fifths of global carbon dioxide emissions and about 75 percent of waste.
All this shows: cities can do a great deal to slow down global warming. UN Secretary General António Guterres, said in October 2019: "In fact, it is cities that are largely winning or losing the climate battle. The decisions made today and in the future regarding urban infrastructure [...] will have a decisive influence on the emission curve.”
In many industrialized countries, urbanization is progressing only slowly. In these countries, it is mainly a matter of preserving and maintaining existing structures. In emerging countries and countries of the global south, on the other hand, cities are growing rapidly into multimillion metropolises. Here, developing the infrastructure intelligently and at the same time as sustainably as possible is becoming a global task for the future. Findings from the World Cities Report 2020 reaffirm that sustainable urbanization is integral to sustainable development and for the fight against climate change.
Silane-based building protection products marketed by Evonik under the brand name PROTECTOSIL® can help on the journey to sustainable urbanization. The deep impregnations prevent water and substances dissolved in it from penetrating and attacking the building material. Thanks to the invisible, permanent protection against harmful environmental influences, the service life of concrete bridges or public buildings can be extended by several decades.


May 5, 2022 · less than 3 min read
Scientists at the University of Texas have discovered a way to speed up the breaking down of plastics from centuries to just days.
One of the generational challenges we all face is reducing our plastic waste, with the damage that non-biodegradable trash causes now impossible to ignore. Enter: Science. Like a shining clan of knights on horseback, a group of scientists at the University of Texas published groundbreaking findings last week about a new way to easily degrade plastic.
Using machine learning, the scientists created a fast-acting protein that deteriorates polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is found in most clothing and plastics. It might sound like jargon, but according to the scientists, PET accounts for 12% of global waste, meaning their work could have an awesome global impact.
Science for the win
Having been tested on more than 50 types of plastic containers, this major breakthrough surrounding ‘depolymerization’ (the breaking down of PET) is big news, potentially one-upping the 2005 discovery of 19 different enzymes that could break down plastics only at specific temperatures and conditions.
The world’s brightest are pioneering new ways of tackling the big issues everywhere. With plastic waste in Amsterdam’s canals being purposely trapped by the ‘Great Bubble Barrier’ – literally, a wall of bubbles sending plastic to the surface – and other incredible scientific innovations popping up across the globe, there’s certainly scope for optimism when it comes to the future of our planet.
Liked This Article?
Get Daily Trending Topics Directly To Your Inbox
Scoop is a free daily newsletter that has the wit, charm, and most importantly, the info you need to start your day


Identifying patterns and trends of fracture in paintings requires a systematic approach to classifying different types of fracture such as cracks, delamination and warp.
An Empirical Approach
Our scheme for classifying fracture derives from empirical observation of the range of damage found in the Brown Gallery portraits. Each portrait in the collection was examined, including assessment of the various materials used in its construction – paint layers and structures, gilding, and wooden panels.
Multiple techniques fed into this analysis. Microscopy and SEM/EDX generated empirical data on paint stratigraphy and pigment identification. Manual measurement from high-resolution photography generated empirical data on crack pattern and size. Applying qualitative and quantitative criteria to these data enabled us to catalogue and differentiate the types of fracture displayed by the Brown Gallery portrait set in a systematic manner. The resultant classification scheme may also subsequently support analysis of other collections.
View each of the categories and subcategories in our scheme.
Multiple criteria are used to differentiate between the categories and subcategories of fracture in our scheme.
In the case of cracks, we distinguish major structural cracks (such as disjoins between panels or splits through the wood) from minor cracks visible on the front surface. Connectivity is also important and we distinguish isolated cracks from those appearing in networks. We are also concerned with the location in which any crack appears as well as the size of the crack.
In the case of delamination, we are concerned with layer in terms of which is now exposed – a paint layer, preparatory layer or wooden board.
Check the description of each category and subcategory in our model to learn about the associated criteria.


More About Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Without insulin, blood glucose levels are not regulated in the body. Hyperglycaemia, or high blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterised by the body’s inability to create sufficient levels of insulin, which is a condition caused by an autoimmune reaction where the body’s defence system attacks the cells that produce insulin. The causes of Type 1 diabetes are not yet known but are linked to a combination of genetic and environmental conditions.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for almost 90% of all diabetes cases. People with this type of diabetes have insulin resistance, a condition where the body does not process insulin properly leading to increased levels of blood glucose. The common causes of Type 2 diabetes are poor diets, inactive lifestyles, family history, obesity and high blood pressure.
Gestational diabetes is diabetes that is diagnosed for the first-time during pregnancy. This type of diabetes is often temporary and blood glucose levels return to normal post-delivery. However, in some cases, this is irreversible.
Source: International Diabetes Federation and Mayo Clinic


Tip: Avoiding Bugs When Flying
Great view but be sure to wipe it before leaning your head against it!
It may come as a surprise that recent studies have shown that the air that circulates in airplanes is not as germ-ridden as you may think. In fact the air in an airplane's cabin at 35,000 feet is cleaner than the equivalent enclosed spaces like movie theaters or subway cars.
According to Dr. Mark Gendreau quoted in the New York Times recently, an emergency and aviation medicine expert at the Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Mass, "Cabin air is refreshed about 15 times an hour, compared with less than 12 an hour in an office building. On most full-size jets, the air is also circulated through hospital-grade HEPA filters, which are supposed to remove 99.97 percent of bacteria and the minuscule particles that carry viruses."
Turns out it's the surfaces that you may come in contact with on a plane that are the real culprit of many illnesses that are passed around during travel. Viruses can stick around for hours and all surfaces aren't necessarily sterilized between flights. That's why it's recommendable to carry alcohol-based disinfectant wipes to clean off all surfaces (are rests, tray, entertainment control area) you may come in contact with during a flight.
For more information, see a recent New York Times piece on this subject.


Here at Little Rockies Pediatric Dentistry, we know how important good communication with your child can be. Not only will communicating effectively with your children help them to sharpen their own communication skills, but it can also help make parenting more enjoyable! No matter the age of your child, learning how to talk and listen effectively will help build respect and self esteem.
Below are a few basic principles of effectively communicating with your kids:
- Don’t make your child crane their neck to speak to you. Get down on their level and make eye contact when speaking with them.
- Turn off the TV, put away your cell phone, or stop what you’re doing if your child comes to you with something important. Not only will this let your child know you’re listening, but they’ll feel like the most important thing to you!
- Never embarrass your child or put them on the spot. This will make them feel as if they can’t trust you.
- Don’t yell at your child. We know this is so much easier said than done, but it won’t fix behaviors and your child is more likely to tune you out. If you're angry, wait until you’re cooled down enough to speak calmly to your child about their behavior.
- Listen carefully and be polite. Don’t interrupt your child or correct him or her. Treat your child as if you were listening to your spouse or a friend and show respect.
- Tailor your conversation and vocabulary to the child’s age and maturity level. Talking down to a child will make them feel stupid, but talking over a child will cause them to shut down and stop listening when they don’t understand.
- Praise your child’s efforts to communicate. This will go a long way towards keeping the lines of communication open and encouraging your child to talk and listen.
We want the parents of our patients to feel comfortable talking to their kids! For more information on keeping your kids healthy and safe, please contact Little Rockies Pediatric Dentistry! Our office is located in Parker, CO!


Culture amelioration is one of the major worry of the research to combat millennium challenge (climate change, food security, growth population and other damages). In this context, creation and selection new varieties with a lot of characteristics such as: good productivity, disease resistant, high nutrition values, large adaptabilities capacities, are very important (Lebot, 2013). Sweet potato as some others root and tubers plant are multiplied vegetatively. The sexual reproduction with allele recombination is absent. The capacity of adaptation is week compare to sexual reproduction plant with genes recombination. Germplasms conservation appears important for further action towards improving the culture (Lebot, 2007). Collection, characterization and conservation will be the first action to be done before any others activities leading to the plant improvement.
In Africa, particular in West Africa, sweet potato gain popularities and its richness in vitamin A made it attractive (Bowell-Benjamin, 2007). Despite all these attributes, the culture of sweet potato has biotic and abiotic constraint witch limit it expansion. These constraints lead often on genetic erosion. For root and tubers as sweet potato with vegetative propagation, genetic erosion appears quickly. It is also known that the lost of the genetic diversity is lost of adaptatif potential. Face on this situation it appear urgent to give answer to three important questions such as: what is the degree of genetic diversity of the plant on the area? how farmers manage this diversity? What is the climate influence the genetic structuration of the diversity?


By Captain Dibyendu Das/ Marine/HSEQ Manager/DPA
Risk Management as an Effective Tool to Prevent Injuries, Risk Assessment might be one of the most frequent words you hear during the technical management of any vessel. What is a Risk Assessment, and how would this exercise contribute to preventing injuries? Does it really help? The answer is YES, provided the risk assessment is carried out correctly and effectively. An ineffective Risk Assessment might not be worth the paper it has been printed on. Not just critical jobs, but Risk Assessments apply to each assignment being done onboard a vessel, starting from a job as critical as hot work to as basic as mopping the alleyway floor or taking the staircase in the accommodation. For such basic jobs, one might not be carrying out a formal risk assessment but doing a mental risk assessment or a simple job safety analysis that works towards mitigating the risks involved. A very simple and basic example of a mental risk assessment would be checking left and right before crossing a road. For the risk assessment to be effective, the most important task for anyone carrying out a risk assessment would be to correctly and effectively identify the “Hazards” associated with the job in hand. Once this important component of the risk assessment has been effectively identified, then along the way comes a major yet important identification called “Additional control measures”. The more effective additional control measures which can be identified, then the lesser shall be the residual risk so the greater the chance of proceeding with the job successfully. This process, if followed effectively, lowers the potential of an injury to the lowest level possible. Particularly effective control measures can be applied to most risk assessments. These can be discussed during Onsite Toolbox Meetings and will have a positive effect on the final residual risk ranking of any risk assessment exercise.
Step 1 Identify the hazards.
Step 2 Identify the consequences.
Step 3 Evaluate the “existing controls.”
Step 4 Determine the severity.
Step 5 Determine the likelihood.
Step 6 Evaluate the Initial Risk Ranking.
Step 7 Identify the “Additional Control Measures” (Evaluate Final Risk Ranking)
Step 8 Identify the person-in-charge.
Step 9 Finalize the target date.


If you work on a construction site, it’s likely that you regularly work in the vicinity of cranes. They are devices that enable the construction of tall buildings, and they are necessary for building the modern cities that we live in today.
However, they present many dangers to construction workers and to members of the public. While all construction site workers should have been adequately trained in construction site safety and working with cranes, they may not be aware of the full extent of the dangers, as well as the rights they have if they become injured. The following is an overview of some of the most common causes of crane accidents.
Loads colliding with people
Cranes are designed to carry heavy loads. This means that crane operators must be vigilant when maneuvering loads so that collisions do not occur. Unfortunately, due to poor visibility, poor judgement or technical failures, loads can collide with people on the ground, often leading to severe head or spine injuries.
Cranes must be set up in a way that safely balances their weight. If the crane carries a weight so heavy that it creates imbalance in the structure, it may overturn, leading to serious injuries or even death.
Unsafe weather conditions
Crane operators must always pay attention to the weather conditions, since this can lead to unbalanced loads. Lightning strikes and heavy storms in particular can lead to crane accidents.
If you have been injured during a crane accident on a construction site, you should take action to file for workers’ compensation. By doing so quickly, you should be able to gain financial compensation for the injuries you suffered.


Technology is ubiquitous. Thus it is hardly surprising that it has had a profound influence on the art of music in the twentieth century. It has altered how music is transmitted, preserved, heard, performed, and composed. Less and less often do we hear musical sound that has not at some level been shaped by technology: technology is involved in the reinforcement of concert halls, the recording and broadcast of music, and the design and construction of musical instruments. Many church organs, for example, now use synthesized or sampled sounds rather than actual pipes; instruments are now available that have what look like piano keyboards and make what sound like piano timbres, but which are actually dedicated digital synthesizers; virtuoso performers whose instrument is the turntable are now part of not only the world of disco but also the world of concert music (John Zorn, for example, has written a piece for voice, string quartet, and turntables).1 Technology is changing the essence of music, although many musicians still do not appreciate the extent of its influence.
Technology came to music with the advent of recordings. Thomas Edison invented a crude cylinder phonograph in 1877. By the end of the nineteenth century, companies in the United States and England were manufacturing disc recordings of music. Prior to recordings, home consumption of all music-whether composed for keyboard or not-was by means of private piano performance. The possibility of preserving musical performances by recording utterly changed the social and artistic meanings of music. The invention of the tape recorder a half century later made sonorities not only reproducible but also alterable. The resulting techniques allowed recorded sounds to be fragmented, combined, distorted, etc. Such manipulations could affect not only sound qualities but also timespans. By changing recording speeds, for example, a composer of musique concert could compress a Beethoven symphony into a single second or make a word last an hour.


- Carlos Concheiro (Carlos Fernández Concheiro)
- Susana Llorente (Susana Llorente)
A children’s story is a very appropriate theme for the Municipal playroom, located in the 1920s town´s old school.
It depicts a peculiar scene from the popular tale “Little Red Riding Hood”, but Susana Llorente and Carlos Fernández present here a different take, whereby little red riding hood changes the story by becoming the bad one rather than the victim.
This mural features an oak forest where a little girl with a red hood wears a wolf mask on a full moon night and invites us to enter the forest; a world of fable, adventure and mystery. The character thus challenges fears and breaks down stereotypes as she fearlessly takes her destiny in her own hands and decides to embark on a new path with the firm purpose of exploring and conquering other possible realities. Courageous Little Red Riding Hood has the most powerful tool, her freedom, and an oak branch to defend herself from the possible wolves she may encounter along the way. The mural follows a very illustrative aesthetic that is reminiscent of children’s stories drawings.
In the scene´s lower part of the scene, there are verses by the Galician artist Luis Seoane: ” On those humble and poor walls that silently seem to be waiting, I deliver my message.”


Salt overspill, defined as the net salt transport from a channel of an estuarine network through a junction to another channel, can be a major contributor to salt intrusion. Here, an idealized subtidal model is constructed of a network consisting of one river channel and two sea channels, and used to investigate the sensitivity of overspill to different values of river discharge, tidal current, width, and depth of the channels. Two prototype systems are considered: the North and South Passage of the Yangtze Estuary and the Modaomen and Hongwan Channel of the Pearl River Estuary. Model results indicate that in both systems, increasing river discharge decreases the amount of salt overspill, except in the regime of weak river discharge in the Yangtze Estuary. Increasing the strength of the tidal current increases the overspill in the Yangtze Estuary, but it decreases the overspill in the Modaomen Estuary. Analysis of the model results shows that salt overspill is linearly related to the salinity difference at the upstream boundary of the two seaward channels, when they are considered as single channel estuaries. This salinity difference occurs because conditions in the channels are not identical, which results in different net water transports (causing export of salt), exchange flows, and horizontal diffusion (causing import of salt). An analytical expression is derived, which explains the dependency of salt overspill to the factors mentioned above. Read the paper here.
Last modified: 27/03/2023


KJV Dictionary Definition: boast
BOAST, v.i. Gr. to inflate; L. fastus.
1. To brag,or vaunt one's self; to make an ostentatious display, in speech, of one's own worth, property, or actions.
2. To glory; to speak with laudable pride and ostentation of meritorious persons or things.
I boast of you to them of Macedonia. St. Paul. 2. Cor.9.
Usually, it is followed by of; sometimes by in.
3. To exalt one's self.
With your mouth you have boasted against me. Ezek.
BOAST, v.t. To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity or exultation, with a view to self-commendation.
Lest men should boast their specious deeds.
1. Magnify or exalt.
They boast themselves in the multitude of their riches. Ps.49.
2. To exult in confident expectation.
Boast not thyself of tomorrow. Prov.27.
BOAST, n. Expression of ostentation, pride or vanity; a vaunting.
Thou makest thy boast of the law. Rom.2
1. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride, vanity, or laudable exultation.
Trial by peers is the boast of the British nation.
BOASTFUL,a. Given to boasting; ostentatious of personal worth or actions.
BOASTING, ppr. Talking ostentatiously; glorying; vaunting.
BOASTING, n. Ostentatious display of personal worth, or actions; a glorying or vaunting.
Where is boasting then? Rom.3.
BOASTINGLY, adv. In an ostentatious manner; with boasting.


A broken bone, or fracture, is a break in any of the bones of the body. There are different types of bone fractures, depending on the extent of the break and the positioning of the bone fragments afterward.
Signs and symptoms of broken bones include
Other associated signs and symptoms may be related to the injury and can include
- physical deformity, and
- lack of functionality.
In open fractures, fragments of bone break through the skin and are visible. Loss of height is a symptom of compression fractures of the vertebrae. The most common broken bones include the clavicle (collarbone), the forearm (radius and ulna), the wrist, the ankle and the hip.
Causes of broken bones
Trauma or injury is the most common cause of broken bones. Conditions and diseases that weaken bone, such as osteoporosis, may increase a person's risk of developing a bone fracture.
Other broken bone (fracture) symptoms and signs
Main Article on Broken Bone (Fracture) Symptoms and Signs
Pictures, Images, Illustrations & Quizzes
Broken Bones: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment
Broken bones are a common type of injury. Bones are some of the hardest tissues in the body, but they can break when they are...
Picture of Fractured Spine
Fractures of the spine (vertebra) can cause severe "band-like" pain that radiates around from the back to the side of the body....
Picture of Hip Fracture
Hip fractures typically occur as a result of a fall. See a picture of Hip Fracture and learn more about the health topic.
Picture of Stress Fracture
A fracture that occurs during the course of normal activity is called a minimal trauma fracture or stress fracture. See a picture...
Health Solutions From Our Sponsors
Subscribe to MedicineNet's Skin Care & Conditions Newsletter


Britain become the first country in the world to allow a “three-parent” In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technique. According to the Scientists, this three-parent IVF technique can be used to prevent a range of incurable maladies known as mitochondrial disease.
The treatment is known as “three-parent” IVF, because the babies, born from genetically modified embryos, would have DNA from a mother, a father and from a female donor. The DNA from the second female replaces the egg’s defective mitochondrial DNA. It results in babies with less than 1% of their DNA from the second woman. It is a permanent change that would be passed down the generations.
This treatment is considered as the stopping point for genetic diseases. We all know that Mitochondria is known as the power house of the cell. In this treatment, a faulty mitochondria is removed and it is replaced with the healthy one from another donor. A faulty mitochondria can cause diseases such as fatal heart problems, liver failure, brain disorders, blindness and muscular dystrophy.
The mitochondrial DNA is completely different from the DNA found in the cell nucleus. The former one does not affect human characteristics such as hair or eye colour, appearance or personality traits.


Posted on Wednesday, February 18th, 2015 by Will Hagle
Wordmap uses the power of Google Translate and Wikipedia to put into context the relationship between language and geographical space.
Wordmap is a beautifully-designed interactive website that uses Google Translate and Wikipedia to display information about words and language, contextualizing them based on how they change across languages and borders. The site was built by the Easy Way Language Center, a language school and advertising translation service. The homepage displays a stylized map of the world, which can be explored by dragging your mouse around the screen. In the center of the screen is a text box, encouraging visitors to “Type in any word in any language.” After entering in any word, the site then begins mapping the word in different languages.
After entering a word, the map is slowly filled out by adding the word to the map of each country in that nation’s corresponding language. Enter “hello” in the text box, for instance, and “hola” will appear above Spain, “bonjour” above France, “ahoj” above the Czech Republic, etc. As the map works through every translation available on Google Translate, it also speaks the words out loud and draws lines that connect the physical locations that use the same words to mean the same thing. After all of those lines have been drawn and the map has been completely filled out (except in the countries for which Google Translate does not provide its services), you can explore the map in more detail. Click on any word to receive more information from Wikipedia about a particular country or language. The site also works with short phrases like “good evening.” It’s an impressive design, and a useful tool for discovering how the world’s languages are connected throughout geographical space.


K.C.S.E Physics Q & A - MODEL 2019PP1QN16
(a) State the meaning of the term “heat capacity.”
(b) State how pressure affects the melting point of a substance.
(c)Figure 7 shows a set tip of apparatus that may be used to apparatus the specific latent heat of vaporization of steam
(I) Describe how the mass of condensed steam is determined.
(ii) Other than mass and time, state two other measurements that should be taken during the experiment.
(iii) Show how the measurements in (c)(ii) can be used to determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of water.
(iv) State the precaution that should be taken so that the mass of the condensed steam measured corresponds to the actual mass of steam collected during the time recorded in the experiment
(v) State why it is not necessary to measure temperature in in the set up
(a) Heat capacity is the quantity of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K.
(b) - Increase in pressure lowers the melting point while decrease in (1 mark) pressure raises/increases the melting point.
(c) (i) - Measure the mass of the empty beaker M1.
Measure the mass of the beaker plus the condensed steam M2
Get the difference between the two masses (M2 —M1) = M
(ii) - Voltage
(iv) - Start timing when the steam drops start forming out steadily and Stop immediately the beaker is withdrawn.
(V) Steam is produced at boiling point where temperature is constant.
Leave a Reply.
Don't give up, Keep Searching for more
FORM I - PHYSICS SYLLABUS
FORM II - PHYSICS SYLLABUS
FORM III - PHYSICS SYLLABUS
FORM IV - PHYSICS SYLLABUS
My passion is to see students pass using right methods and locally available resources. My emphasis is STEM courses


Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It is made up of three (3) components, these components are:
- Active fire protection (AFP): This is characterized by items and systems, which require a certain amount of motion and response in order to work. Examples include – Use of fire suppression system like fire extinguisher and sprinkler system,Construction and maintenance fire structures, hypoxic air fire prevention and the use of fire detection devices.
- Passive fire protection (PFP): It attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors.
- Fire prevention: This includes minimizing ignition sources, as well as educating the occupants and operators of the facility, ship or structure concerning operation and maintenance of fire-related systems for correct function, and emergency procedures.
Difference Between Fire Protection and Fire Prevention
Fire protection involves a combination of different fire safety equipment and procedures to defend your property line from fire while fire prevention involves adopting measures to stop fire from igniting.
Fire protection plan (FPP): Provides you with detailed floor plans of the building that shows all exits, doors, corridors and partitions serving as fire barriers and also feature all fire barriers with ratings. The other part to the FPP is the narrative portion. This narrative touches on all forms of safety systems and features in the building such as places of assembly, location of fire command stations and alarm systems.
The goal is to safe lives, safe property, and preserve business continuity.
Fire protection design: This helps to protect the building against fire either actively, passively or through fire prevention. The design work through either of these 3 blueprint:
- Fire Detection.
- Alarms and notification for fire, and
- Fire Suppression.


My Evergreen Shrubs Are Dying
Growing evergreens requires very little work, but if your shrubs begin dying, it means something is wrong. Common signs of dying evergreen shrubs include dropping needles and needles that are turning brown. In many cases, dying evergreens can be saved with a simple fix in the way you care for them.
Examine where your tree is planted. Evergreens planted in extremely wet conditions can suffer from root rot.
Check your tree carefully for diseases and insect infestation. Ask a trained horticulturist from a local garden center to help you determine if your tree is diseased or not. Take a branch to your garden center that is showing symptoms for an evaluation. Follow the horticulturist's recommendation to heal the tree if there is a disease.
Check the pH levels in the soil. Evergreens prefer to grow in acidic soils, so add aluminum sulfate to the soil if levels are too low.
Add evergreen-specific fertilizer to the tree. Do not apply the fertilizer in the summer since it may burn the tree. Be careful when applying fertilizer, and follow instructions on the packaging.
David Harris is a writer living in Portland, Ore. He currently is the editor-in-chief of the online magazine Spectrum Culture. He holds a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing from Sarah Lawrence College.


You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
When people move to another country, some of them decide to allow the customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Why?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
There is a difference in opinion whether to adopt a country’s customs after migration or to keep the native customs. Both these arguments have equal gravity, and hence a critical assessment is needed before framing a rational conclusion.
On the one hand, those who prefer to keep their own customs believe that once they hesitate to do this, they are more likely to lose their cultural identity. They believe one should be proud of their invaluable heritage and they should preserve the traditions of the home country, which were followed by their ancestors from generation to generation. They think this will make them feel unique and it can become a tool to recognize them. Therefore, to keep their cultural integrity intact, they recommend practising their customs wherever they go.
On the other hand, others think it is a necessity to acclimatize with the environment of the host country. They feel, in a different country if an immigrant follows his native custom closely, the indigenous population may feel social annoyance, and thereby this causes disputes in the society. They add, one should respect every culture and tradition, and hence an immigrant should adopt the customs of the host country in order to make his life more comfortable.
After analyzing both these views in details, I think one should not turn his face away from the customs and traditions of a different country. At the same time, he should not forget his own customs completely, even though it is not practised regularly in a different country.
Word count: 254


The Big Bend is part of the Trans-Pecos region in southwestern Texas, United States along the border with Mexico, north of the prominent bend in the Rio Grande for which the region is named. Here the Rio Grande passes between the Chisos Mountains in Texas and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico as it changes from running east-southeast to north-northeast. The region covers three counties: Presidio County to the west, Brewster County to the east, and Jeff Davis County to the north.
The region is rugged, sparsely populated Chihuahua Desert, including the Chisos Mountains, Chinati Mountains, and the Davis Mountains. The region has well over 1 million acres (4,000 km2) of public lands, including Big Bend National Park (801,163 acres) and Big Bend Ranch State Park (300,000 acres), Black Gap Wildlife Management Area (103,000 acres), Chinati Mountains State Natural Area (39,000 acres) along the north side of the Rio Grande. It is also the home of the McDonald Observatory. In Mexico, adjacent areas of protected lands on the south side of the Rio Grande include the Cañón de Santa Elena Flora and Fauna Protection Area (ca. 511,508 acres), Ocampo Flora and Fauna Protection Area (ca. 850,630 acres), and the Maderas del Carmen Flora and Fauna Protection Area (ca. 514,920 acres).
The largest towns in the region are Alpine, Presidio, Marfa, Sanderson, Terlingua, and Marathon. The counties are Presidio County, Jeff Davis County, Brewster County, Pecos County, and Terrell County.


By Tadhg Peavoy
As concussion awareness grows in rugby and becomes an integral part of ensuring the safety of players at all level of the games, the IRFU have released a series of educational videos on this medical aspect of the sport.
The videos, which feature former Ireland and Munster flanker, Alan Quinlan, have been developed by the governing body to highlight the importance of proper management of concussion in the domestic game.
The videos are directed at those that run and play the game throughout the country, primarily players, coaches, officials and family members.
The videos have been divided into sections to provide concussion education for junior players, senior players, coaches, referees, as well as broader general awareness introductions to highlight the seriousness of concussion.
Links to each individual video can be found below.
Intro to concussion guidelines
RFU launches similar initiative
Across the Irish Sea, the RFU has also launched a similar initiative aimed at players, coaches and match officials across the community game.
They have introduced interactive courses based on the 4Rs of recognise, remove, recover and return.
These have been devised to improve the understanding of concussion and the behaviours needed to manage it effectively in a more accessible way.
The results and consequences of concussion are highlighted by the RFU scheme
"We are committed to reinforcing the message that concussion is an injury to the brain and needs to be taken seriously," RFU community rugby medical director Dr Mike England said.
"Players need time to recover fully before returning to play and young players in particular need to be managed more conservatively than adults."
The 30-minute courses are available at www.EnglandRugby.com/Headcase


Global environmental consequences of 21st century ice sheet melt
Government policies currently commit us to surface warming of three to four degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which will lead to enhanced ice-sheet melt. Ice-sheet discharge was not explicitly included in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, so effects on climate from this melt are not currently captured in the simulations most commonly used to inform governmental policy. Here we show, using simulations of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets constrained by satellite-based measurements of recent changes in ice mass, that increasing meltwater from Greenland will lead to substantial slowing of the Atlantic overturning circulation, and that meltwater from Antarctica will trap warm water below the sea surface, creating a positive feedback that increases Antarctic ice loss. In our simulations, future ice-sheet melt enhances global temperature variability and contributes up to 25 centimetres to sea level by 2100. However, uncertainties in the way in which future changes in ice dynamics are modelled remain, underlining the need for continued observations and comprehensive multi-model assessments.
Authors: Golledge, Nicholas R, Keller, Elizabeth D, Gomez, Natalya, Naughten, Kaitlin ORCID record for Kaitlin Naughten, Bernales, Jorge, Trusel, Luke D, Edwards, Tamsin L


Orthodox Easter celebrations on the Greek island of Corfu were a smash on Saturday - literally.
Corfiots mark Holy Saturday with a strange old custom referred to as the "botides" — where large clay jugs filled with water are thrown from the balconies of homes in the center of town, smashing into pieces onto the streets below as thousands gather around to watch.
Visitors come from across the country and abroad to view the popular event. The sound of the pots crashing is thunderous, and fearless spectators stand quite close to the crash sites, struck by the spray of water and shards of clay, although local organizers said no one has ever been seriously injured during the custom.
"I am very happy, because people come from far away, and that is why we do this, they like it very much, they have become hooked on the custom," said Corfu resident Nikos Voskopoulos, who has been an enthusiastic pot-thrower for 20 years.
Islanders said they believe the custom helps ward off bad spirits, and spectators take pieces of the smashed pots home as good luck charms.
The exact origin of the custom is unclear. According to the municipality, one popular belief is that it originated with the Venetians who ruled Corfu between the 14th and 18th centuries. To mark the new year, the Venetians would throw out their old belongings to make way for new ones in order to make a fresh start to the new year.
The Greeks adopted the custom, introduced clay pots, and moved it to Easter, one of the most important holidays in the Greek religious calendar. There are also Biblical references to the smashing of clay pottery, symbolizing the divine striking down enemies.
Another belief is that the custom has roots in ancient Greece. In April the ancient Greeks would throw out their old clay planting pots and plant seeds in new ones to mark the coming of spring.
Sign up for The Top of the World, delivered to your inbox every weekday morning.


The practice of dividing land and property by lot dates back to the ancient world. In the Old Testament, Moses was instructed to divide Israel’s land among the people. Roman emperors also conducted lotteries to distribute property and slaves. In ancient Rome, the lottery was referred to as “apophoreta,” which is Greek for “that which is carried home.”
Lotteries are a form of gambling
Lotteries are games where participants can win prizes by drawing a random number. The prize may be cash, goods, or a combination of both. The lottery games are used heavily in sports team drafts, and financial lotteries can pay out large sums of money. These games are often considered addictive forms of gambling. Luckily, the money raised from lottery games can go to charitable causes. In this way, a lot of people are able to contribute to a good cause while playing.
They offer a chance to win a large jackpot
In recent years, Americans have been spending an estimated $90 billion on lottery tickets. The biggest cash prizes are in the Jackpot games, such as Powerball and Mega Millions. Because lottery prizes can grow to be so large, lotteries have become more difficult to win. The goal is to attract more players, and large jackpots generate more revenue for states. Here are some tips to help you manage your newfound fortune.
They promote education
In her book, The Diversity Bargain: How Lotteries Promote Education, Dr. Natasha Warikoo argues that institutions that use lottery systems to improve educational diversity would also benefit from reducing race-based discrimination. Her research shows that lottery systems can help improve social mobility by increasing diversity among students. Moreover, they can improve economic inequality by increasing the number of students from low-income and minority backgrounds. But how can lottery programs be effective in increasing diversity?
They are a form of monopoly
Lotteries are a form of a natural monopoly, and governments benefit from it. The huge jackpots draw more interest than smaller ones, so governments prefer to have one player in the lottery industry. But are lotteries a form of monopoly? The answer to that question depends on who you ask. In general, lottery operators benefit from the monopoly, because it makes their games more profitable and allows them to expand their reach.


Evaluating 3D Function
10 views (last 30 days)
Show older comments
I have a 3-D function f(x,y,z) which I want to evaluate at a discrete set of points (i.e. create an array with values of f).
My x,y,z variables are not equally spaced. What is the best way to define f?
For a 1-D function, I would normally use array operators:
For speed reasons I would like to avoid for loops.
But for higher dimensions this stops working:
x=linspace(1,5,100); y=linspace(1,5,10); f=x.^2+y.^2; <----does not work because of diff array sizes
I would use bsxfun() to generate the grid of points in 3d. If this approach wouldn;t work, you could always use ndgrid() and actually generate the grid matrices.
Example with bsxfun:
x = [0 .3 5 100];
y = linspace(1,10,20);
z = logspace(1,2,3);
f = bsxfun(@plus,bsxfun(@plus,x',y),reshape(z,1,1,numel(z))) %just adding - nothing fancy
Benjamin Schwabe on 2 Feb 2012
another easy way to do that, is using the meshgrid command.
x = linspace(1,5,100); y=linspace(1,5,10); [X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y); F = X.^2+Y.^2;
If you want to go to even higher dimensions, you will require multidimensional arrays and for loops.
Interesting, I stand corrected. I could've sworn it did the same thing as ndgrid just with x/y swapped with r/c.
Find more on Surface and Mesh Plots in Help Center and File Exchange
Community Treasure Hunt
Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!Start Hunting!


Rebild National Park
This Danish park has celebrated the American independence day since 1912.
Each year on the 4th of July, Americans all across the country proudly strut their patriotism and pride in their their homeland, but they aren’t the only ones. Danes and Danish-Americans have been celebrating the American Independence Day in Denmark’s Rebild National Park since 1912.
The former livestock pastures that that are now Rebild Park were originally purchased in 1911 by a group of Danish immigrants living in America. After purchasing the land they gave it as a gift to the country of Denmark, with a few caveats that they insisted be upheld for them to keep the land. The investors wanted the land to be a place where Danish-Americans and their family member still in Denmark could celebrate their shared heritage. Their terms stated that the park must remain a natural space, be available to the public, and most importantly be able to host celebrations of American holidays. Thus every year since 1912 (barring some periods during World Wars I and II) The Fourth of July has been celebrated over in Denmark as the Rebild Festival.
The celebrations last through the week of the Fourth and include speakers and entertainment. The speakers and entertainment change each year but it is not unusual to see members of the Danish royal family in attendance or celebrities/politicians from either nation.
Rebild Park remains a picturesque area of green rolling hills. The path leading to the hills is lined with the U.S. and Danish flags along with flags from all 50 U.S. states and the Virgin Islands. There is also a log cabin representing Lincoln’s cabin with an exhibit on the original Rebild Society, which is open on the Fourth.
Follow us on Twitter to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders.
Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders.Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook


Medicine in the Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages between antiquity and the historical period known as the Renaissance from 500 – 1400 CE, Europeans did not experience any great advancements in medical knowledge or understanding. In fact, the common teachings of the new Christian religion were that medicines and herbal remedies for illness and injury were witchcraft, and many ancient practices were punishable by death. Disease and suffering were seen as having supernatural causes, and it was assumed that a person was being punished for sins. Many physicians and attendants to the ill during this time were priests and religious leaders, rather than specialists in the workings of the body.
One practice of ancient healing and medical arts remained an exception, however: midwifery. The practices associated with caring for pregnant women, delivery of healthy children, and guiding women through the early trials of lactation and healing after birth had always been considered “women’s knowledge” and remained largely ignored by established physicians. However, most midwives were illiterate, and it wasn’t until the mid-15th century that midwives began to document their practices. Midwives in the Middle Ages understood their trade from hands-on experience rather than texts. Early medieval texts in midwifery indicate that these women understood about prenatal nutrition and exercise, positions and herbs to speed and ease the birth process, and how to perform minor post-delivery surgical repairs.
Most people suffering disease, infection, or serious injury in the Middle Ages would be prayed over by family members or church officials; ill people were sometimes taken on religious pilgrimages to holy relics or locations that were thought to heal them. It was not uncommon to ignore hygiene and food preparation cleanliness in the Middle Ages. The average lifespan of an aristocrat or royal family member was around 50 years old.
Expand your knowledge universe in just 5 minutes a day via bite-sized email courses.
Share with friends:


Analogies require us to identify similarities between two or more items that may appear very different on the surface. Let’s look at two examples. Consider the following two analogies from Miller Analogies Practice Test (www.majortests.com):
____________ is to PLANETARY ORBITS as RATIOS are to BAKING.
At the beginning of the 2015-16 school year, preschool students in the Corinth-Alcorn-Prentiss Learning Collaborative were tested using the Star Early Literacy assessment as part of a state-wide assessment process. Only 20.1% of these children scored at or above a standard score of 498, the
This post was originally published on Finding Common Ground
To “unwrap” or not to “unwrap”? – Actually, there is no question.
In addition to the voluminous numbers of standards teachers must impart to their students each year, there is the added challenge of really understanding what the
In shifting instructional techniques to utilize new technology and support Common Core instruction, it is easy for teachers to access an abundance of exciting applications, web tools, and lesson plan ideas that allow students to practice skills in a new way. Scrolling through Pinterest, Teachers Pay
Despite a greater awareness of the importance of early learning success, most preschool and K-3 programs are substantially the same design and quality as the programs which have led to present outcomes. Our growing national commitment to early childhood learning success will continue to produce


While many of the factors involved in the onset of MS are becoming clear, novel interactions between key players of the immune system that lead to brain inflammation are still being discovered. For instance, there is growing evidence that the cells that normally repair areas of the brain damaged by autoimmune attacks, called oligodendrocytes, may be involved in perpetuating the autoimmune signal against myelin. Activation of this function may preclude the oligodendrocyte from repairing myelin.
This project seeks to further understand the mechanisms behind these interactions. Specifically, Dr Govier-Cole will investigate the influence exerted by an inflammatory molecule on oligodendrocytes and their capacity to perpetuate the autoimmune signal against myelin and repair myelin. He will also explore the involvement of a signalling pathway in regulating the influence of this inflammatory molecule. This signalling pathway has been shown to promote the oligodendrocyte autoimmune signal against myelin in laboratory work. It is hoped this work will reveal novel targets for new drugs that treat or even prevent autoimmune inflammation from occurring.
Updated: 16 August, 2022
Laboratory research that investigates scientific theories behind the possible causes, disease progression, ways to diagnose and better treat MS.
Research that builds on fundamental scientific research to develop new therapies, medical procedures or diagnostics and advances it closer to the clinic.
Clinical research is the culmination of fundamental and translational research turning those research discoveries into treatments and interventions for people with MS.


Many traditions of family celebrations
Thanksgiving is fast approaching, which means Springfield-area teens will embrace their diverse holiday traditions.
Holiday traditions vary greatly. But, many teens appreciate the time with family and off school. Students say they love the beautiful landscape and look forward to parades, football and great food.
Many traditions are passed down within families. Each of these customs comes with a unique story and fond memories.
Pleasant Plains High School junior Maisie Gilmore usually travels to Nebraska with her family to visit her grandma. In addition, Maisie helps make pumpkin pies each year.
For one area teenager, Thanksgiving doesn’t mean turkey. The main course at Rochester High School sophomore Amelia Lafferty’s family’s Thanksgiving meal is actually tofu turkey, a meat substitute. Amelia and her family members are vegetarians. That makes it a bit harder to buy a traditional Thanksgiving meal, but the Laffertys have found tofu options.
For Lincoln Magnet School seventh-grader Anneliese Paton, the days after Thanksgiving mean leftovers. The remaining food is always split between Anneliese’s mom and aunts.
Because leftovers are common on Thanksgiving, families save it for reuse in different ways. Turkey sandwiches and salads are common. Or, some people make soup using their leftovers, as does Elizabeth Marx’s family. A Rochester High sophomore, Elizabeth and her family use all the leftover foods and make a scrap stew.
Before Thanksgiving, the girls in her family get together and make ravioli.
Not all traditions are focused on food. The night before eating Thanksgiving dinner, Springfield High School junior Libby Roth and her family watch movies.
That’s a key part of the holiday for Libby.
Regan Ernst is a sophomore at Rochester High School.


>Why are legal pads yellow?
Did someone just wake up one morning and say, “I know…yellow…”
This must be investigated. Let me call upon the “Series of Tubes”…
AH! Here we go.
|Why are legal pads yellow?|
Middletown, New York
|A company called the American Pad and Paper Company, or Ampad, claims to have invented the legal pad in 1888. A young inventor named Thomas Holley made the tablets from cheap leftovers, or sortings, from paper mills. His low-cost lined pads were quickly adopted by the scribbling professions, and the legal pad was born. AMPAD made business headlines a few years ago when it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. But fortunately, the Plano, Texas, based company was bought out of extinction, and now sells an array of office products, including EnviroTech Dual Purpose Legal Pads, made from 100% recycled materials.As for their distinctive hue, an article in IS Magazine claims that, “The yellow legal pad — a must among lawyers, executives, students, writers and thinkers of all sorts — was devised specifically because yellow was thought to be a color which stimulated the intellect.” The piece goes on to mention that F. Scott Fitzgerald was a big fan.Though we couldn’t verify the claim (considering AMPAD’s origins as a discount retailer, perhaps yellow dye was simply the cheapest?), in general dark text on a light background is considered optimal for reading. And yellow tends to be easier on the eyes than a harsh white background, a fact that 3M took to heart when they invented the Post-it note.|


Risk and Return Problems and Questions
Complete the following problem sets from Chapter 7 in Microsoft® Excel®. Use one spreadsheet tab for each problem:
- 7-21 Compute Bond Price Compute the price of a 3.8 percent coupon bond with 15 years left to maturity and a market interest rate of 6.8 percent. (Assume interest payments are semiannual.) Is this a discount or premium bond? (LG7-4)
- 7-27 Yield to Maturity A 5.65 percent coupon bond with 18 years left to maturity is offered for sale at $1,035.25. What yield to maturity is the bond offering? (Assume interest payments are semiannual.) (LG7-6)
Answer the following questions in a separate tab of your spreadsheet document. Answers should be brief, concise, and to the point.
- Explain the relationship between risk and return
- Identify an example of risk and return.
- Explain which is more risky bonds or common stocks.
- Explain how understanding risk and return will help you in future business ventures.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your Microsoft® Excel® document I need 2 pages.
One for 7-21 and other one for 7-27
For tomorrow no more late than 10 pm


Used with permission from Comité Solar e Innovación Energética
Chile, France, Germany
The Atacama Desert, located in the northern part of Chile, has special conditions that require technology development to enable efficient solar energy generation. The area benefits from an average direct global radiation level of 3,500 kWh/m² per year and a horizontal global radiation level of 2,500 kWh/m² per year, one of the highest in the world. The desert features over 100,000 km² of cloud-free skies with an average 2 mm annual precipitation and 4,000 hours of sunlight per year. Medium temperatures in summer are below 30 °C and UV-B radiation is 65% above the highest European level, creating challenging conditions for solar energy technologies.
Development of new optimal solar technologies that can be used in the Atacama Desert will include new materials to resist high radiation levels, a bifacial photovoltaic panel to take advantage of the radiation at the ground and new methods for operation and maintenance considering the lack of water in the desert.
The development is in its early stages, however an important increase in the efficiency of the photovoltaics panels installed in desert conditions is anticipated, as well as a decrease in the cost of the panels and in the service time for operation and maintenance. The project also will implement a programme for developing and strengthening local R&D capacities, knowledge transfer, and training advanced, professional and technical human capital.
The project has the potential to be one of key element to take advantage of the highest radiation levels in the Atacama Desert and from here open new markets for Chilean exportation of high value products and related services.


In January of 1948, Gallatin’s first wolf hunt was held. The hunt had a two-fold purpose. One purpose was to rid the community of the wolves which preyed on game, sheep and cattle. The other purpose was to donate the bounty money to the March of Dimes campaign.
It was hoped that 400 men would participate. The hunt would cover a four-square mile area south and west of Gallatin, MO. The hunters were to meet on the east side of the square on Sunday morning. Trucks would be waiting to transport the men to their destination and to bring them home.
The hunters would line up on four sides of the area of the hunt and converge on a point near the cottonwood schoolhouse, southwest of Gallatin. A big balloon would be elevated in the vicinity of the school and all the hunters would work toward it.
The hunters were asked to wear something red for identification purposes, either a red hunting cap or jacket, or they could tie a red bandana around their neck or cap. There’d be a captain for each line and they were to be in charge of the men on the hunt.
No hunting license was required. Minors were not encouraged to participate. If they did, they were to be accompanied by their father or another adult. There was to be strict law enforcement and no drinking was to be allowed. Only shotguns were to be used and they had to be broken, or if automatic, the breach open when they gathered in Gallatin.
During the hunt, all guns were to be carried with the safety on. No animals except coyotes and wolves were to be killed.
On the day of the hunt only 150 men, including men from St. Joseph and Kansas City participated. Only one predator was killed and the $5 bounty was given to the March of Dimes.
Plans were soon underway to form a Daviess County Wolf Association. Membership was $2.50 per member. A fund was to be set up by member contributions to pay a bounty in addition to the one the county was paying.
The association was to be organized within each township and two members of the individual township board were to serve on a county-wide association board. The township boards were to organize their districts for raising the bounty money.
— written, researched and presented by Wilbur Bush, Gallatin, MO