Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen, the lightest element. Tritium has one proton and two neutrons. It heavier than ordinary hydrogen or its isotope deuterium. Hydrogen does not have any neutrons, only a proton. The chemical symbol for Tritium is 3H or T.
In nature, tritium is made when cosmic rays hit nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere. Tritium has a half-life of a little more than twelve years, so there is not much in the atmosphere. People make much more tritium in nuclear reactors, so that they can make things from it.
Ways of using tritiumEdit
Tritium is important for nuclear fusion power. Tritium is added to nuclear bombs to make them more powerful when they explode.
Tritium is often used with phosphors to make glow in the dark key-rings, and sights on rifles. Tritium makes the phosphors glow because it is radioactively unstable and gives energy to the phosphor so it can make light. Before lots of tritium could be made, people used radium to make things light up but this gave people cancer.
Radioactive decay produces tritium. High levels of tritium were found in 2013 in the Pacific near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant two years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Archived 2013-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
- Tritium -Citizendium


Standing in the southern end of the Cotton Hollow Preserve looms the hulking four-story ruins of a different time in the South Glastonbury ravine. Before the days of hiking, swimming and fishing, industry ruled the area as dozens of mills once harnessed the water to power themselves – the biggest of which was the cotton mill in the lower half of Cotton Hollow.
It was built in 1814 by the Hartford Manufacturing Company, who owned it until the mid-1800’s. From there, the mill changed hands frequently and by 1920, the era of industry within Cotton Hollow came to a close. At its height, the mill employed 350 people, many of which lived in the nearby housing on Cotton Hollow Road and the Cotton Hollow mill houses.
The mill was powered by two large dams, rising 25-feet and 40-feet, respectively. The smaller dam was built after so much water flowed over the top of the larger dam that they determined it a good idea to harness the extra water. The remains of both those dams can still be seen.
The stone cotton mill was one of two mills in the area, with the other being a brick mill across the stream. While it has mostly disappeared, some ruins can still been on the island across from the stone mill. According to “A Memorial History of Hartford County” by J. Hammond Trumbull (1884), the interior of the stone mill burned down was subsequently rebuilt.
Three stories of the facade of the mill still remain, although Mother Nature has taken its toll on the ruins over the years. It is an impressive architecture feat, as it was built directly into the side of the hill. According to town historian Brian Chiffer, raw materials were driven up to the fourth floor and as the cotton was moved down each level, it was refined more and more before the final product came out of the bottom floor.
At the bottom of the mill on the banks of Roaring Brook is an old cold cellar that can still be seen. The brick structure disappears into darkness and was used as a pre-electricity refrigerator.
Despite being well-protected by the Historical Society of Glastonbury, nature has taken a toll on the mill. It no longer stretches into the sky as high as it once did and the remains will only crumble more as time continues on. Cotton Hollow is the best example that no matter how well something is built, nature will always come out victorious.


Monday, March 12, 1990
Tom Malone, from Owensboro, KY (left) and Shaila Jackson, from Atlanta, GA (right) were two of the sixty protesters who crawled up the steps of the Capitol when the ADA was stalled in Congress.
The “Capitol Crawl” as it has come to be known, came at the end of ADAPT’s “Wheels of Justice” march from the White House to the Capitol, where 700 people gathered on the west side, facing the Mall, to hear fiery speeches by Justin Dart, Chair of the President’s Committee on Employment of PWDs, Rep. Pat Schoeder (D-CO), I. King Jordan, President, Gallaudet University, Rep. Major Owens (D-NY), Bobby Silverstein, Senate Disability Policy Sub-Committee on Labor and HR, Evan Kemp, Jr., Chair of the EEOC, James Brady, former Reagan Press Secretary, and Mike Auberger, Co-Founder of ADAPT.
The point of the crawl was to illustrate the indignities and obstacles faced on a daily basis by people living with disabilities due to lack of access and attitudinal barriers, and, in the words of ADAPT’s Bob Kafka, “show our determination that no barrier would stop us from gaining our civil rights.”
Fraught with frustration and yearning to be free, many spontaneously joined the crawl, making it up the 78 steps to the top. Once there, the climbers broke into two groups, delivering messages to Speaker Tom Foley and House Minority Leader Bob Michels demanding swift passage of the ADA with no weakening amendments.
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[…] photo illustrating this post was taken by disability movement photographer Tom Olin. It shows three disabled people crawling up the steps of the capitol as part of a protest to get […]


Researchers from the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, have developed a new, recently licensed medical device that would bring the powerful and effective method of anesthetizing patients that works so well in the operating room into intensive care settings. The device is designed to cost effectively deliver small amounts of powerful inhalation anesthetic agents to patients as they breathe or are mechanically ventilated.
The cost-effective and portable UB ventilator has the potential to shorten the length of patient stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) by reducing complications and habituation to sedatives used in the ICU. Additionally, the device may have promising applications in treating large numbers of patients during pandemics or other events with mass casualties because it can safely enable multiple patients to share a single ventilator without the risk of cross-contamination.
The ventilator, invented by Bradley Fuhrman, MD, professor of pediatrics and anesthesiology and chief of critical care at Women & Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, and Mark Dowhy, director of the Pediatric Critical Care Laboratory in the UB Department of Pediatrics, was licensed from UB to Medical Conservation Devices (MCD) of Buffalo, located in UB’s New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences.
"With our ventilator, the patient is continually rebreathing the same anesthetic and oxygen mixture, so the amount of anesthetic that is used can be reduced by about 80 percent," says Fuhrman.
A key advantage of inhaled anesthetics over intravenous sedation, which is the current approach in the ICU, is that inhaled anesthesia delivers and clears sedatives by way of the lungs, bypassing the metabolic and excretory systems. That’s a critical factor, Fuhrman says, for patients who have sustained damage to their kidneys or livers, as a result of their illness. When anesthesia is delivered through the lung, there is a much more rapid onset of effect and much quicker reversal once it is removed, an important consideration especially in patients who need to be frequently or abruptly awakened, such as children who have suffered trauma to the skull.
MCD is raising funds to further develop the prototype for FDA medical-device evaluation.


The tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed in children, and physicians have long believed it can treat problems like recurrent throat infections or obstructive sleep apnea with no lasting effect on long-term health.
Research published in JAMA Otolaryngology last summer suggests otherwise. When Danish investigators looked at data on 1.2 million people born between 1979 and 1999, they found those who had their tonsils and/or adenoids removed when they were nine years old or younger were at significantly higher risk for respiratory disease as they grew older.
Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in diseases of the upper respiratory tract, and adenoidectomy doubled the risk of COPD and conjunctivitis. Adenotonsillectomy was associated with a 17 percent increased risk of infectious diseases.
What’s more, the long-term risks for the conditions that these surgeries aimed to treat often did not differ significantly between those who did and did not have the operations.
Another study conducted by investigators from Vanderbilt University and published by Pediatrics in 2017 backs that finding up.
The meta-analysis looked at studies of tonsillectomy efficacy, examining illness rates and quality of life for kids who underwent the surgeries vs. those assigned to watchful waiting for throat infections.
The researchers found that while throat infections and school absences declined in the first year after the surgeries, those benefits did not persist over time.
A companion study from some of same authors showed children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing did have better sleep outcomes following tonsillectomy than children who were assigned to watchful waiting, but they emphasized that the studies included in this meta-analysis generally followed the children for one year or less.
They concluded that understanding of longer-term outcomes or effects in subpopulations is lacking.
Respiratory therapists charged with educating patients and families about the risks and benefits of tonsillectomies may want to take these findings into account during the discussions.
Email firstname.lastname@example.org with questions or comments, we’d love to hear from you.


Israeli Researchers have developed a biohybrid sensor for smells that is 10,000 times more sensitive than today’s sensors that can be attached to a robot.
The sensor developed by researchers at Tel Aviv University uses the antenna of a locust to send electrical signals as a response to the odor present nearby, allowing a robot to detect and interpret smells via machine learning. This could be used to identify explosives, drugs, diseases, and more.
The researchers were successful in connecting the biological sensor to an electronic system and, with the help of a machine learning algorithm, were able to identify volatile compounds with a sensitivity of 1ng, 10,000 times higher than gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Read More: China Plans AI-Warfare Strategy Against Taiwan
The sensor is able to differentiate between a minimum of eight pure odors and two mixtures of different odorants, independent of odorant concentration.
Professor Yossi Yovel, the School of Zoology and the Sagol School of Neuroscience said, “A comparison with standard measuring devices indicated that the sensitivity of the insect’s nose in our system is almost 10,000 times higher than the devices that are in use today.”
Dr. Ben Maoz from the Fleischman Faculty of Engineering and the Sagol School of Neuroscience said, “The principle we have demonstrated can be used and applied to other senses, such as touch and sight. The creation of a robot with a biological nose can help us preserve human life and identify criminals in a way that is not possible today.”


Ongoing Exhibition: Rotary Room
Features everyday tools and technologies dating from around the mid 1800s to 1960. The objects are drawn from a period of great technological advancement, when society and households were transformed.
Some are clearly recognisable today though perhaps in different forms – telephones, typewriters. Others – like milk churns and old lamps – are curiosities, perhaps they bring back memories of childhood, of grandparents.
Displays include industrial equipment – granite quarrying, farming, mining, and shipping. There is an interesting selection of household items – early sewing machines, radios, lamps, cordial and other bottles and writing sets.
And not to forget a fascinating display of early telegraph and surveying equipment.
These exhibits offer the chance to discover – or re-discover – how life was lived a century ago, where people worked and the tools and technology they used.
The Making of a Shed
By the mid 1980s, the Museum had a substantial collection of farming and mining implements. Rob Unwin, a member of the Historical Society and Rotary President for the year 1986/87 suggested that Rotary would build a shed to cover these. Bert Thomas, the builder, as Rotary’s Director Community Services, took on the project the following year.
But the shed was not used to cover machinery. Demand for space in the Museum house meant that it was needed for general exhibition. Walls were covered with second hand iron and broad wooden benches were built along two walls for exhibits. And eventurally the earth floor was covered in concrete after a few missteps.
1998 brought an outbreak of termites. All internal woodwork in the Rotary Shed was removed and the uprights treated. Wall cladding was replaced, and termite-proof metal benches were constructed. The shed was divided to create a space for the Genealogy group.
In late 2002 the dividing wall was knocked down and the entire space was dedicated again to the display of tools and technology, its original purpose.
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If Dinosaurs had Radar – Asteroids, Arecibo and Earth’s Risk (Webinar)
Digital Education Programming Presented by the
Center for Health & Wellbeing
Life in Florida means having to frequently think about the risks posed by natural disasters. But have we thought about the rare, but potentially significant hazardous asteroids colliding with Earth?
Asteroids have collided with our planet for billions of years, and they will continue to do so for billions more. The dinosaurs certainly learned this the hard way 66 million years ago. The good news is humans have telescopes and an astronomy research program to address this natural hazard! With an acute study of the sky, we can find out when, where and how an asteroid might affect Earth—preparing for a future collision in advance. While there is no currently known asteroid with our number on it, we should remain diligent.
In this program, you’ll learn about the human race’s quest to understand and mitigate the impact risk from asteroids, learn about work being done to protect us from these hazards, and how the iconic Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico—now managed by the University of Central Florida—is at the forefront of this work.
This program is presented by Dr. Yan Fernandez, astronomer and professor at the University of Central Florida, and is hosted by the Winter Park Health Foundation.


BY SEBASTIAN PAVLOU
Japan continues to recover with relative speed from the triple crisis of earthquake, tsunami and nuclear plant meltdown that devastated the country on March 11, 2011.
After the 9.0 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami tore through the country’s north-eastern coastal communities of Miyagi, Iwatu and Fukushima, at least 20,851 people died or remain missing. This figure includes the confirmed number of dead, 15,881, those who are missing, 2,668, and 2,303 others who died from disaster-related issues.
The crisis caused the displacement of some 400,000 people. It also destroyed 300,000 buildings and damaged a further one million. Reasonable estimates for direct economic loss from the earthquake and tsunami are around $275 billion with an additional $65 billion in damages as a result of the Fukushima nuclear plant incident. Indirect losses could be in the order of $185 to 345 billion across the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear plant.
After two years and a $260 million long-term budget funds, almost all of the 27.6 million tons of debris left behind after the crisis has been transported to areas for waste disposal (approx. 75%) or to permanent locations (approx. 20%). Various criticisms have been made concerning how reconstruction funds have been spent as only 10% of permanent housing for the region has been completed. Still, as Patrick Fuller of the Red Cross pointed out, Japan’s progress over one year compares to that achieved over three years in places like Indonesia and Sri Lanka after the 2004 tsunami.
Despite this crisis, the Japanese economy is recovering. It has in fact seen growth in this year’s first quarter while Japanese stocks are soaring and the yen has fallen, making the country’s exports highly competitive. Many attribute this to the new, bold three-pronged economic approach of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s administration. The centre-right Prime Minister of Japan, elected in December of 2012, has emphasized monetary and fiscal stimulus with, so far, successful results.


The Geopolitics of Plan Colombia
Keywords:State Repression, Imperialism, Movements
AbstractPlan Colombia, to be understood properly, should be located in a historical perspective both in relation to Colombia and the recent conflicts in Central America. Plan Colombia is both "new" policy and a continuation of past U.S. involvement. Beginning in the early 1960s, under President Kennedy, Washington launched its counter-insurgency program, forming special forces, designed to attack "internal enemies." The targets were Colombian self-defense communities, particularly in Marquetalia. Subsequently, the Pentagon continued its counter-insurgency presence in Colombia. Thus, Plan Colombia is President Clinton's extension and deepening of President Kennedy's internal war. The differences between the earlier version of the internal war doctrine and its current reincarnation are found in the ideological justifications for U.S. intervention, the scale and scope of U.S. involvement and the regional context of the intervention. Under Kennedy counter-insurgency was based on the threat of international communism, today the justification is based on the drug threat. In both instances there is total denial of the historical-sociological basis of the conflict.
This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.
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We're honored to be the first-ever $1 million USD TD Ready Challenge grant winner for our Edible Eco-Labs to Accelerate Learning programming!
We invite you to watch the video we created as part of our submission to the TD Ready Challenge. In it you will learn more about the successes of our Edible Outdoor Eco-Lab program and how we will use the TD Ready Challenge Grant to ameliorate learning loss in math and help students thrive.
The Education Fund's Edible Outdoor Eco-Labs tap into nature to teach core knowledge!
Nature can often be the best teacher. That's the premise of The Education Fund's Edible Outdoor Eco-Labs to Accelerate Learning program.
The Edible Outdoor Eco-Lab is among The Education Fund’s most successful programs, improving 67% of students’ science achievement by using the great outdoors. Through the program, we install ‘Food Forests’, with trees, bushes, plants, and paths, on school grounds and then demonstrate to schools how to use them as outdoor classrooms. Students learn soil science, photosynthesis, physics, and other science concepts as well as healthy eating habits and nutritional knowledge that will last a lifetime.
"We've seen tremendous learning loss from the COVID pandemic, especially in math," Linda Lecht, president of The Education Fund, explained. The TD Ready Challenge grant will allow us to "take a huge step forward, significantly expanding these outdoor classrooms into math-labs that use the power of forest gardens to teach students," Lecht said. "If you've ever tried to learn math by just reading about it and trying to visualize the concepts in your head, it can be difficult. Getting students outdoors in these environmental Eco-labs means that they're going to be learning in a different space, using materials from nature that truly open their minds."


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- Related Topics:
- sulfide thiocarbonyl compound
carbon disulfide (CS2), also called Carbon Bisulfide, a colourless, toxic, highly volatile and flammable liquid chemical compound, large amounts of which are used in the manufacture of viscose rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride; smaller quantities are employed in solvent extraction processes or converted into other chemical products, particularly accelerators of the vulcanization of rubber or agents used in flotation processes for concentrating ores.
For many years carbon disulfide was manufactured by the reaction of charcoal with sulfur vapour at temperatures of 750°–1,000° C (1,400°–1,800° F), but, by the mid-20th century, that process had been superseded, especially in the United States, by one based on the reaction of natural gas (principally methane) with sulfur.
The use of carbon disulfide for extraction of fats, oils, and waxes has been largely discontinued in favour of other solvents that are less toxic and flammable. The use of carbon disulfide in making rayon and cellophane depends upon its reaction with cellulose and caustic soda to form colloidal solutions of cellulose xanthate, which can be extruded into a dilute solution of sulfuric acid, which coagulates the cellulose films or fibres and sets free the carbon disulfide.
Carbon disulfide is denser than water and only slightly soluble in it. Its boiling point is 46.3° C (115.3° F) and its freezing point -110.8° C (-169.2° F); its vapour, which is heavier than air, is ignited with extraordinary ease.


Doukas School participate in the Erasmus+ project ‘Teaching the Future’. The project is seeking to provide access to tools and resources that allow a scientific data-based school education response to climate change education, one that is set in the context of the Global Goals for Sustainable Development.
The TTF project is promoted by the European Association of Geographers (EUROGEO) as experts in climate science and teaching climate in schools, who have previously worked with all the other project partners. TTF includes two school subject associations who are experts in teaching Mathematics and Geography and in working actively with schools in their own countries and across Europe.
Climate change data and visualisation expertise comes from UNIZAR who worked with EUROGEO and CSC on empowering the active participation of youth to engage with policy makers on Youth policy matters across Europe (http://youthmetre.eu). These partners also have expertise in using Cloud-based technologies in schools situations as members of the School on the Cloud Comenius network (www.schoolonthecloud.net) led by Doukas School.
The partnership integrates three experienced school partners Doukas School, the International School Serbia and Politeknika Txorierri, who have worked on Erasmus projects related to the environment and sustainability in schools. The Centro per lo Sviluppo Creativo Danilo Dolci (CSC) has extensive experience in working with schools using innovative pedagogies, with deep knowledge of the project’s target groups. It brings experience from the current policy efforts that Italy is making to integrate climate education as a subject in public school curricula.


United States of America
Articles about the USA, a country with a rich history that many people know far less about than they think they do.
~ Aristotle Sabouni
American Exceptionalism[edit source]
The uneducated, miseducated, or indoctrinated refuse to understand or admit what makes America Exceptional, but these include the following:
Far from perfect, but just better than most of it's contemporaries at any given point in time. No other 5 countries combined have done as many innovations, because our economic and personal freedoms, our capitalism, and our willingness to invest in making the world a better place. That's not just jingoism, that's recognizing an outsized impact to humanity for it's population, geography, resources. It was the fertile soil of freedom/opportunity and optimism that allowed a undeveloped land to become the most powerful country in the world in under two centuries, despite the others having a multi-thousand year headstart.
History[edit | edit source]
History, United States of America • [0 items]
About[edit | edit source]
USA/About • [1 items]
Places[edit | edit source]
Places, United States of America • [3 items]


Look, us mere mortals never really get to find out what is going on in the world of science. Well, not unless it’s (sometimes) sensationalised in the press. So, we wanted to bring you a snapshot of the latest science to whet your appetite to find out more if it’s something that piques your interest. Or, simply to keep you all in the “gut world” loop. Remember most of the studies are VERY new science, so keep your critical thinking cap on!
Our report is brought to you by our student research squad who have their ears to the lab floor ground to keep us all informed.
Due to the advances in technology, scientists are now able to extract microbial DNA from stool samples to find out what’s live in our guts, how microbes work, and what this means for our health. This study looked at how microbes interact together and metabolic functions.
Metabolic functions include everything from how we breakdown food for energy. To how the body builds proteins by stringing together amino acids. It’s incredible to think that the bacteria in our guts play a role in these processes.
You can find the full research on microbial DNA here.
Using the data from 1,004 twins from the TwinsUK cohort. Researchers compared the functions of bacterial teams and metabolic functions through blood and stool samples.
Unrelated people share an average of 82% of metabolic pathways and only 43% of species in their guts. Researchers found that microbes don’t just work in isolation but in teams to interact with our metabolism in blood and faeces.
Twins are a great constant but this study cohort was predominantly female, European, and 96% averaged 65 years old.
This does not make the study generalisable to diverse populations or to males. Larger cohorts of a more diverse mix are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
We still need more research to find out exactly how these microbial teams work together and what processes they influence. However, from this study, we know that instead of just targeting specific microbial species, it may be more important to look at microbial communities and their functions to support health. There is plenty we can do to support our microbial teams, check out our Gut Tips (they may ACTUALLY scientifically make your gut happy by giving it some luvvin’)!


When it comes to considering mental health in teens, it’s important to remember the foundational basics that can contribute to them doing well or not.
While there’s an element of mystery as to who fares well and who doesn’t (brain chemistry, hormones, social media effects, etc.), every teen can and should pay attention to 3 primary pillars of mental health.
According to a recent study by the Department of Psychology from the University of Otago in New Zealand, sleep, diet, and exercise emerged as the primary pillars for mental health to allay depressive symptoms and bolster well-being.
The 3 primary pillars to mental health:
It’s important to note other research has shown that teenagers with mental health disorders are much more likely to pursue numbing their uncomfortable feelings through harmful substance use.
In fact, kids with “any prior [mental] disorder significantly increased the risk of transition from nonuse to first use, and from use to problematic use of either alcohol or illicit drugs.”
Specifically, the study found that teens with more and better sleep quality were much less likely to experience depressive symptoms.
Those who added more raw veggies and fruits to their diet were more likely to report feeling better about their overall well-being.
Of course, kids need guidance and support throughout adolescence to engage their prefrontal cortex and develop self-awareness and emotional regulation skills. But don’t overlook the foundational pillars, which might be so obvious that they go unnoticed.
To support kids for better quality sleep, consider the following:
- A consistent bedtime routine at approximately the same time every night
- Avoidance of any caffeinated beverages in the late afternoon or evening
- Turn off all devices at least 30 minutes before bedtime
To support kids with a better exercise routine:
- Exercise together
- Watch an engaging show or listen to a fun podcast while exercising
- Pick an activity or sport that they really enjoy
- Incentivize them somehow for at least 15-20 minutes of exercise daily
To support kids with a better diet:
- Make smoothies – there are all kinds of awesome smoothie shake products available. Add Banana and peanut butter or blueberries
- Keep raw veggies and fruits accessible and cut-up, ready to eat
- Get some fun dips like hummus or peanut butter


Tibetan Modernism By Soon, Simon
The emergence of Tibetan modernism strongly reflects the social and political changes that the “roof of the world” underwent throughout the 20th century. Central to this process were attempts by artists to negotiate between Tibet’s Buddhist tradition and modern thought. Gendun Choephel is largely recognized today as the pioneering figure in Tibetan modern art. Following the Communist takeover of Tibet and the establishment of an exile government in Dharamsala, artistic movements developed both within Tibet and in India. Increasingly, a diasporic and global community of Tibetan artists based largely in the West has also gained prominence. Many modern artists saw themselves as creative innovators, moving away from Tibet’s scroll- and mural-painting discourse, yet at the same time also drawing on this unique stock of religious iconographies to forge expressions of Tibetan modernity. In more recent times, artists from the Sweet Tea Artists’ Association generation have also adopted more contemporary artistic vernaculars in their art practice. These artists, among them Gongkar Gyatso and Tsering Nyandak, have also gained international followings. Though many of these artists are based overseas and belong to the exile community, the longing for homeland, the desire to express sensitive political issues through their art practices, and the search for a Tibetan identity through their art remain central to their artistic explorations.


What is Meditation?
The dictionary defines meditation as “continued or extended thought; reflection; contemplation.”
So what does this mean in real life? Just what is this thing called meditation? Often we get overwhelmed in the course of our daily life. This can lead to stress and tensions that can ultimately affect our health. Using meditation on a regular basis gives our mind a chance to quiet itself and adjust to the stresses and strains that are part and parcel of our modern daily life.
Usually, people meditate in a quiet space, free from distraction. There are many different methods of meditating, which we will cover later, but they all lead to the same place. Meditation itself is simply the process of quieting our mind. Gradually, your mind becomes calmer. The “chatter” that’s often there becomes less. And you start to move mentally to a more tranquil place.
Sometimes meditation is described as reaching a higher state of consciousness. This can come about because our mind is less cluttered and therefore we start to notice things that would ordinarily pass us by. For instance, whilst meditating we may tune in more to the sounds around us, whether they are the urban sounds of traffic and people talking or more rural sounds such as bird song or the running water of a stream.
Oftentimes by concentrating on these sounds we can go deeper into a meditative state.
Full MRR Included


Yes, cybersickness… or visually induced motion sickness – is real.
Think of it as two worlds colliding into a small space.
Or a mismatched battle of our senses.
This type of motion sickness involves moving digital content. It happens as our bodies create what it feels is a perfectly natural response… within an unnatural environment. Some describe a sense of wooziness because our sense of balance reacts differently from how other senses are processing. And in this case, none are in agreement with the messages they’re sending to the brain. You may “not quite feel like yourself.” It may feel like a dull headache. Cybersickness can also cause the feeling of dizziness and nausea.
So when is cybersickness most likely to happen? For some, it may occur when surfing or scrolling rapidly on a smart phone. For others, it may be a sudden onset while watching spinning or motion scenes onscreen within a movie theater. The projection may be 3-D, traditional 2-D or IMAX® screen format. And gamers often discover that the computer-generated virtual reality experience provided by goggles can create that imbalance between what our senses feel — and how our brain signals the body otherwise.
So with two worlds colliding, the mismatched battle of our senses occurs, which is different than traditional motion sickness. We feel motion sickness because our inner ear, muscles and joints feel movement, yet we do not see it with our eyes. But with digital motion sickness, the opposite happens: we actually see the movement – but we don’t feel it. Both provide the same effect – that queasy, uneasy feeling.
Cyriel Diels, a cognitive psychologist and human factors researcher at Coventry University’s Center for Mobility and Transport calls it the tech industry’s ‘dirty little secret’. To learn more about cybersickness, read this article on New York Times.
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Carbon is often referred to as the building block of life. Have you ever wondered why carbon is the element that became the backbone of all life as we know it? If you have, let’s dig into a little chemistry to find out why. To begin with, it is the fourth most abundant element in the universe and the basis of all organic molecules. But it is carbon’s unique electron structure and bonding abilities that make it the ideal element for the formation of the complex molecules required for life.
For example, to make you, billions upon billions of molecules had to come together to make the six-foot-tall you. For these bonds to come together and, more importantly, stay together, they need a special kind of attraction to each other. The ability to attract other molecules is called covalence. To put it simply, carbon has a unique structure that enables it to bond with a wide range of elements. It can form long chains, branched chains, and rings, allowing it to create a diverse range of chemical structures. You may know these structures as hands, feet, eyes, or even your DNA.
One of the most important properties of carbon is its ability to form bonds with other atoms. This makes it the backbone of many biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Yes, what you and I call food. Carbon’s stable bonds with other atoms make sure that these molecules stay together and work, giving life the structure and function it needs. Carbon’s electron configuration also makes it an ideal element for energy storage. Carbon atoms can form stable bonds with hydrogen atoms, creating hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons can be oxidised to release energy, making them an ideal source of fuel for living organisms.
Another key property of carbon is its ability to form multiple bonds with other atoms. This allows it to create double and triple bonds with other carbon atoms, nitrogen, and oxygen, among others. These multiple bonds give molecules the flexibility they need to interact with each other. This makes it possible for a wide range of chemical reactions to happen and for complex biological structures to form. You and I and all living species on earth


Dust Monitoring &
Dust impact assessments provide an independent and standardised approach to assessing the potential dust impacts from a new or existing site.
A variety of assessment tools can be utilised to support new facilities through the planning application process and help existing sites conduct air quality monitoring to demonstrate compliance with section 106 agreements or air quality objectives for PM10.
Assessments are generally designed on a site-specific basis and can provide benefits to organisations in the following sectors:
- Air quality dust risk assessments demonstrate how the impacts associated with demolition or construction projects will meet regulatory guidance (such as the greater London authority on the control of dust & emissions from construction and demolition SPG.)
- Dust management plans assess the likely dust impacts at the design and planning stage of a new development and address the key mitigation measures that will enable sites to meet conditions stipulated in the national planning policy framework.
- Baseline dust monitoring studies measure the levels of key air pollutants (PM10 & PM2.5) prior to the start of infrastructure projects and enable an accurate assessment of the impact of the development during its operational phase.
- Site boundary dust monitoring solutions assess both the potential health impact of elevated concentrations of PM10 and also the nuisance dust effect of dust deposition and flux beyond a site perimeter.
- Dust speciation and characterisation analysis help organisations verify the source of potential nuisance dust and also identify if there are any hazardous constituents that may poses a public health risk.


When we send satellites to orbit today, they are completely on their own. We never inspect them, maintain them, repair them, or upgrade them. When they run out of fuel, we throw them away.
That model has just changed. Northrop Grumman has created what they call the Mission Extension Vehicle. The first one, MEV-1, was launched in 2019. It has just docked with an older satellite belonging to the Intelsat Corporation. The MEV concept: use its thrusters to keep satellites in their proper positions in geostationary orbit.
Last fall, Steve Spengler, CEO of Intelsat, spoke at the Satellite Innovation Conference in Silicon Valley that I attended. He explained his company’s interest in MEV. It was very simple: “If a satellite is still making money for you, why would you want to throw it away?”
For safety, the docking between MEV-1 and Intelsat 901 took place a few hundred kilometers outside of the GEO orbit itself. That orbit has so many valuable satellites in them, it was wise to do the first operation out of harm’s way.
What we won’t hear about are the business agreements between Intelsat and NGC and what kind of fees are involved. Those would be important details to assess the future business case for this kind of capability. We also won’t see more sophisticated services, such as installing new capabilities with robotic arms. MEV-1 doesn’t have any arms.
But the most important thing about MEV-1 is that it is building confidence in the whole idea of on-orbit servicing. Some operators may have thought it too risky in the past. Intelsat’s confidence in Northrop Grumman’s MEV, and this successful docking, are sending the message that commercial satellite servicing is now a thing.


If you have found a piece of metal that is not strongly attracted to a magnet, then it is not a meteorite.
The metal in iron meteorites consists of two alloys that together are commonly called iron-nickel (FeNi) metal. The metal in iron meteorites, stony-iron meteorites, and pallasites strongly attracts a cheap ceramic magnet.
Humans have been making and losing metal things for thousands of years. Iron metal, e.g., wrought iron and cast iron, also strongly attracts a cheap magnet. (Some stainless steels do not attract magnets.)
If it looks like metal and attracts a magnet, then you have to have it analyzed for iron, nickel, manganese, and chromium to determine whether it is man-made or an iron meteorite. However, it is often easy to tell that it is man-made just from the shape. Iron meteorites are rounded but not spherical. There are no straight lines, right angles, or flat parts. I have never seen an iron meteorite that was long and thin. Also, unless it is very rusty, you cannot break an iron meteorite and it will not have broken sides. Here are some photos people have sent to me of objects that look like iron meteorites to me.
Except for the alleged pallasite, all of the photos below were sent to me by people who thought the objects might be meteorites. I suspect that many of these things were found with metal detectors. In my opinion, all this stuff is man-made.


Photo and Video
Images are one of the most powerful ways of getting our message across. To help reinforce our identity and communications strategy, we should aim to use images which are empowering, engaging and which depict solutions.
In a nutshell
Use sharp imagery that clearly illustrates a purpose, threat, or victory. The subject of the image should be distinct and straightforward. Choose impactful images that contribute to communicating the message.
Showing the people on the frontline of climate activism and environmental impact is essential. Show the faces behind our name. Choose close-up shots of people – making eye contact if possible – and use the headline or caption to put them in context. Make it real, not staged.
When you can, show both men and women, and different age groups and ethnicities. This won’t be possible in every single photo, but, as a set, our photos should reflect how massive and diverse our movement is.
Show it’s clearly us
When you can, use images of people who have a Greenpeace logo on them so we can’t be mistaken for anyone else.
Always use colour photography when possible; images should be attention-grabbing and illustrate real people, beauty or threats.
Crop for maximum effect
Crop photos to put focus on subjects for maximum impact.
Greenpeace photography policy is against distorting images to make them look more dramatic than they really are, but effects and tweaks can be used on collateral that does not serve a documentary purpose.
Powerful photos are crucial to our visual communications and it’s hard to get good photos without good photographers. Make sure you give appropriate credits (eg ©Greenpeace/Photographer) and don’t use photos without permission.
We have an extensive library of high quality photos and videos available from:


In the earliest Peruvian history, you will find examples of the bond between the Incas and alpaca. The Incas placed a higher value on alpaca fiber than gold or silver. The knowledge and craftsmanship of spinning and knitting has been passed down from generation to generation, resulting in the rich, diverse textile heritage of Peru. New patterns are combined with traditional methods, giving an innovative touch without losing the ethical heritage.
The alpaca live mostly without any boundaries in the highlands of the Peruvian Andes and are not harmed during the shearing process. Their soft padded feet are gentle on the grass terrain and they graze without destroying the root system of the area. Alpaca is the only animal that produces up to 28 natural colors and can be blended into an infinite array of natural shades from inky black to warm chestnuts and snowy white. It is easily dyed in any color and always retains its natural luster.
Alpaca is supple and smooth to the touch and because of the featherweight, it’s ultra-light. Alpaca is softer than cashmere and warmer and stronger than lamb’s wool. It contains microscopic air pockets which create lightweight clothing with excellent insulating properties. It is a completely natural fiber and there is no use of harsh chemicals in production.


How to roll/trill the letter R in a russian accent?
3Angela, what is your native language?– CocoPopJan 27, 2015 at 3:00
This manual looks pretty elaborate. Good luck!
(I can't do it, by the way...)
1Very nice manual. Interesting note: My toddler kids can make rolling R sound in the tractor noise, i.e. when asked what noise the tractors do they say very good TTTRRRRRRR. Therefore I teach them using the TR/DR method (#2 in the manual). I find it quite successful– chaJan 29, 2015 at 0:56
Funny :) I’m Russian, and we actually used the word “tractor” when taught our daughters to do it :) We used a small silly poem: Трактор в поле «Тыр-Тыр-Тыр», Я в колхозе бригадир– stansultJan 10, 2020 at 20:12
Russian r's are formed by flapping the tip of your tongue against the alveolar ridge (behind your upper teeth)--you only need to flap once or twice. A good way to learn how to do this is to say the word рука only give a really strong puff of air as you say the р. In your question you mention a Russian accent. That normally implies the way some other language is pronounced as a Russian might pronounce it, for example, as a Russian might pronounce English words (with a Russian accent). The trilling of the r in this case would be the same if you want to pronounce English words with a Russian accent.
2Against the back of your teeth??? Are you kidding? Russian /r/ is post-alveolar, there's a huge way to the teeth when you pronounce the Russian /r/. Jan 27, 2015 at 2:33
Right--thanks for pointing that out. Edit made.– Dkh5Jan 27, 2015 at 3:14


Catholic Activity: St. Zita, the Little Cook
April, the month of showers and spring flowers, is also the month of St. Zita, a little-known saint who should have particular appeal for hard-working ladies of the kitchen.
A humble soul who lived in Italy in the thirteenth century, Zita remains humble to this day, being one of the lesser-known saints. Our research disclosed that she earned for herself the nickname "The Little Cook." It all started when she worked for a wealthy family. The other servants in the household shunned her because her hard-working example put them to shame. They treated her miserably, piling more and more chores on her, but she never complained. Each day she rose early while the household slept and went to hear Mass. On her return, her first duty was to make bread for the family. One morning she became so absorbed in prayer that the hour for bread-making was long past. Full of self-reproach, she hurried home, where to her surprise she found the loaves of bread laid out on the table all ready for the oven. She questioned every one, but no one would admit preparing the bread. It was soon evident that no human hands had shaped the loaves. A delicious fragrance surrounded them, and Zita became aware that angels had been at work while she prayed.
You'll be glad to know that eventually Zita's selfless example won over the other servants, and they ceased to resent her industry. When she died (in 1272), it is said a bright star appeared above her attic room at the moment of her passing.
Best not to depend on angels to bake your bread — meet the challenge yourself, and bake a loaf in honor of "The Little Cook." Her feast is mentioned in the Roman Martyrology for April 27, although it does not appear on the General Roman Calendar.
Activity Source: Cook's Blessings, The by Demetria Taylor, Random House, New York, 1965


Airborne respiratory diseases are transmitted via viruses in respiratory aerosol particles. The emission of such aerosol particles can increase by more than 100-fold from rest to maximal exercise and the risk of infection can increase by more than 10-fold, respectively. Our study shows that age is another important factor that affects respiratory aerosol particle emission, as subjects aged 60 to 76 years emit more than twice as many aerosol particles at rest and during exercise and five times as much aerosol volume. This suggests that aerosol particle emission increases when the respiratory system ages.
This is the third paper in a row in the PNAS Journal resulting from a highly productive collaboration of the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics (Universität der Bundeswehr München), the Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich), and the Exercise Biology (Technical University of Munich).
The complete paper you can read here.
Lung aerosol particle emission increases with age at rest and during exercise.
Schumm B, Bremer S, Knödlseder K, Schönfelder M, Hain R, Semmler L, Lorenz E, Jörres R, Wackerhage H, Kähler CJ.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 May 30;120(22):e2301145120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301145120. Epub 2023 May 22.
The project ExAero was funded by the DFG.


2008: Israel is buying nine of the
latest model of the C-130, the C-130J. These will cost about $200 million each.
Israel began using the C-130 in 1971, and most of its current 22 C-130s are
older models in need of replacement.
last a long time, as the Israelis are finding out. The oldest known C-130
served 44 years and spent 29,500 hours in the air. On average, C-130s last
about 25 years, and about 20,000 hours in the air. The C-130 has been in
service 51 years. So far, 2,262 have been built, and it is still in production.
That is unprecedented. Several other military aircraft remained in service over
half a century (the British Canberra , B-52, the Russian Tu-95, AN-2, and the
U.S. DC-3). But no other aircraft has remained in production for so long.
the C-130 was designed to carry 15 tons of cargo, 92 troops, or 64
paratroopers. The latest version, the C-130J, has a top speed of 644
kilometers, a range of over 12,000 kilometers, and can carry 20 tons of cargo.
The C-130 is used by more than 50 countries. When retired, U.S. military aircraft usually end up at a storage yard in
the dry southwest, where the aircraft can be cannibalized for spare parts,
until the remaining bits are sold for


Post-traumatic stress disorder involves intense emotional and physical reactions after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event.
- Experience of a shocking, scary, or dangerous event or repeated events
- Frequent or persistent nightmares or unwanted memories of the trauma, avoidance of situations that bring back memories of the trauma, heightened reactions
- Experiencing triggers brings back memories of the trauma, accompanied by intense emotional and physical reactions
- Symptoms cause clinically significant emotional distress and/or functional impairment
Access PTSD assessment questionnaire here
Ask us a question about this condition
Please note, information provided in assessment is intended for informational purposes only.
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How Mass Shootings Are Affecting Our Mental Health
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Trauma, anxiety and PTSD: How mass shootings affect mental health
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Mental health is so important....


Aquaponics is a productive system in which the production of vegetables and fish is synergistically combined within a circular economy framework. Although these systems have been in development for more than 50 years, the presence of aquaponic products in the markets is still very limited.
Previous studies have been carried out trying to characterize consumers, although none was focused on Spain and Latin America. In this work, 636 responses have been obtained to a survey with 27 questions, which has enabled characterizing the preferences of potential consumers and their willingness to pay higher prices for aquaponic products. Nearly 60% of the respondents knew what aquaponic was and this knowledge was influenced by the academic level and the concern for the environment.
Most participants considered aquaponics as a very interesting food production system. They were mainly motivated to consume aquaponic products due to their quality and taste and to the absence of pesticides or chemical residues.
A remarkable influence of the household income, concern for the environment, and, mostly, prior knowledge about aquaponics was found concerning the willingness to pay higher prices. Therefore, advertising campaigns providing specific information on this type of food production would be advisable to increase its degree of acceptance.
Source: Suárez-Cáceres, G. P., Fernández-Cabanás, V. M., Lobillo-Eguíbar, J., & Pérez-Urrestarazu, L. (2021). Consumers’ knowledge, attitudes and willingness to pay for aquaponic products in Spain and Latin America. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 24, 100350.
Useful Article: Findings For Aquaponics Method Used To Grow Parsley


There are fixed defibrillators in a number of locations in our District e.g. council offices, parishes, community halls, on outside walls of public buildings, schools and at leisure centres.
Defibrillators can save a life in a medical cardiac emergency (heart attack) and it is important that they are located in busy areas and people know where they are. It is also important that everyone has the knowledge and confidence to use one when needed in an emergency.
What is a defibrillator?
A defibrillator is a device that gives a high energy electric shock to the heart and can help save the life of someone experiencing a sudden cardiac arrest. All workplaces, schools, and public buildings are strongly encouraged to have a defibrillator on site.
A defibrillator may also be referred to as a defib, or an AED (Automated External Defibrillator).
Four steps to take if someone is having a cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrests can happen to anyone, at any time. The following steps give someone the best chance of survival:
- Call 999
- Start CPR – to refresh your skills, book a St Johns Ambulance course, near to where you live
- Ask someone to bring a defibrillator if there’s one nearby (if no one is available to get one, listen to the emergency operator for further instructions)
- Turn on the defibrillator and follow its instructions.
Is it a legal requirement to register defibrillators?
No, however, if you register your device with the national defibrillator network, known as The Circuit, this will improve the accessibility of the unit in case of an emergency
What is The Circuit?
The Circuit is the national defibrillator network which maps defibrillators across the UK, connecting them directly and automatically to each ambulance service. Find out more and put your defibrillator on the map.


Background: There is more demand than ever for schools to equip children with the necessary skills to be physically active. The purpose of the Environmental Perceptions Investigation of Children’s Physical Activity (EPIC-PA) study was to investigate elementary and secondary school children’s perceptions to enhance the school physical activity environment.
Methods: Four Australian government schools (2 elementary and 2 secondary) were recruited for the EPIC-PA study. During the study, 78 children were recruited aged 10 to 13 years. The focus group discussions consisted of 54 children (32 elementary and 22 secondary) and the map drawing sessions included 24 children (17 elementary and 7 secondary).
Results: The findings from the EPIC-PA study revealed insight into uniquely desired features to encourage physical activity such as adventure physical activity facilities (eg, rock climbing walls), recreational physical activity facilities (eg, jumping pillows), physical activity excursions, animal activity programs and teacher-directed activities. In addition to specific features, childrens revealed a host of policies for equipment borrowing, access to sports equipment/areas, music during physical activity time and external physical education lessons.
Conclusions: Understanding the multiple suggestions from children of features to enhance physical activity can be used by schools and researchers to create environments conducive to physical activity participation.
|Number of pages||8|
|Journal||Journal of physical activity & health|
|Publication status||Published - 2016|


Childhood presents a golden opportunity for health promotion, based on a recent paper that highlights the importance of learning healthy behaviors early in life to help prevent heart disease in adulthood.
Published as the “Review Topic of the Week” in the Journal of the American College Cardiology, this paper focused on early promotion of heart health in children. It explained why early intervention is important, strategies for teaching children about heart health, and key areas for future research. All with the goal of paving the way for a healthier future that is free of heart disease.
So why should we focus on promoting heart health in children?
To start, heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. In the United States alone, heart disease kills an estimated 610,000 Americans a year, accounting for one in four deaths. But unlike many other diseases, we actually have control of many risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular risk, such as obesity, inactivity, high blood pressure and diabetes. Teaching kids about healthy habits could help prevent these risk factors later in life.
Also, as authors explain, risk factors for heart disease are now showing up earlier in life and in greater numbers than ever before. Studies suggest that less than 1% of U.S. children have ideal eating habits and only half get the recommended amount of daily physical activity. An estimated 8% of children already have high cholesterol and 20% of high school students report tobacco use—a major risk factor for heart disease.
Evidence also shows that these risk factors significantly increase risk for heart disease later in life, unless promptly addressed. And that’s part of the reason why early intervention is so important. Not only is childhood an ideal time to stop unhealthy habits and reverse any warning signs of poor health, it’s an opportunity for prevention.
Authors note that education and programming should be offered in schools and communities, and ideally teach healthy habits to the entire family. These interventions can begin as early as preschool, promoting things like exercise, a healthy diet, body awareness and management of emotions.
At the same time, authors highlight the need for policies that make childhood health promotion a priority. They also encourage future research to better understand the long-term impacts of childhood health and identify the best possible solutions to improve outcomes.
With these changes, experts believe we can help reverse alarming health trends in children and reduce the impact of heart disease on future generations.


I ploted 3D the function
A, B, C > 0 and
A + B + C = Pi.
A basic approach in the post How to plot ternary density plots answers with the use of
FindGeometricTransform. How can I transform the
Plot3Ded function inside the equilateral triangle with
FindGeometricTransform? If there is a simpler method, I would like to know it.
An example of ternary 3D plot of a geometric inequality
Let ABC be a triangle and its radius of circumcircle R = 1.
In ternary 3D plot, based on A, B, C > 0 and A + B + C = Pi, the value of a function is plotted 3-dimensionally on the equilateral domain.
a, b, c = the sidelengths of ABC respectively.
s = (a + b + c)/2.
r = the radii of incenter.
ha, hb, hc = the altitudes of ABC respectively.
The bottom (yellow), middle (magenta) and top (cyan) surfaces show the values of left-hand-side, middle and right-hand-side functions of the following inequality by Mr. George Apostolopouls.
Ga19Mar30: 6rs/R ≤ Sin[A](hb + hc) + Sin[B](hc + ha) + Sin[C](ha + ha) ≤ 3s.


On November 29, 2022, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced a final rule reclassifying the northern long-eared bat as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). The northern long-eared bat was previously listed as threatened in 2015. There is concern that this bat faces extinction due to the impacts of white-nose syndrome, a deadly fungal disease affecting bats hibernating in caves across North America. This new final rule takes effect on January 30, 2023.
This new rule and the forthcoming rule implementation are expected to affect clearing activities on forested land. Before commencing development activities look for the northern long eared bat.
Details on implementation of this final rule are forthcoming. We anticipate that the presence of this bat will require additional federal approval when development activity needs a wetland permit or other federal governmental approved or permitting prior to removing trees. We anticipate implementation measures may include acoustic and mist-net surveys to determine the presence of the species and time of year restrictions on tree clearing. This may also expand to mirror the stated Indiana’s bat regulations. Currently, the acoustic bat survey window is May 15 to August 15.
Regulations and new tools from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are expected to continue to be released between now and January 30, 2023 on the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s website. Hirschler’s land use and zoning team is closely monitoring the development of this rule and its potential impact to projects in the region.
Myrna H. Rooks


Electricity Deregulation Gives Customers Control
Choose your Electricity: How Energy Deregulation Gives Customers Control
The 20th century saw the expansion of electrical grids throughout the world, and for the most part, this expansion was spearheaded by government regulated utilities companies with domination over the price-point of electricity supplies. We, as consumers, receive our monthly bill and assume that the utilities provider is charging us a fair price for our gas and electricity needs. The system was traditionally not open to competition.
However, roughly one-third of U.S. states have opened their utilities sectors to competition through deregulation, and other countries, like the United Kingdom, are doing the same. What this effectively does is allow for companies to enter the market and provide customers with alternative choices both in price and the type of energy generation their monthly bills are supporting. This was not an option prior.
Imagine… an environmentally conscious individual can decide to buy grid energy generated from a renewable source like wind or solar, or a penny-pinching family can choose cheap natural gas or even coal as their energy generation of choice.
Taff Tschamler, Vice President of Business Development and Regulatory Affairs for North American Power—a utilities provider that operates in deregulated markets in the northeastern United States—says, “It gives customers choices. It’s up to us and our competitors to make the customers feel like they’re getting a deal and are pleased with their provider. From a customer’s perspective, if they’re not pleased with us they can fire us and go with another provider. That’s not the case if you’re in a regulated market.”
However, with utilities tied to the free market through deregulation, cost is also intrinsically linked to the market. Whereas in a traditional regulated utilities system, prices are government controlled and tend to remain somewhat the same month-to-month, in a free-market system, costs can fluctuate. This has both its pros and cons, as raising oil or natural gas prices can directly raise utilities costs in a deregulated system. What is beneficial, however, is the inherent choice that comes with deregulation. If the price of one electricity-generation mode skyrockets, the customer can choose to switch to a different generation source to save money.


Tracing Recursion Worksheet have been found in our daily lives. Many people utilize these to help in teaching and discovering a particular process. There are many sorts or worksheets often employed in schools nowadays.
Download Tracing Recursion Worksheet Below
The normal worksheets used in schools are for writing letters and numbers, and link up the dots activities. These are widely used to instruct the scholars beneath kindergarten. The letter producing consists of alphabets and words and phrases. These worksheets illustrate the many strokes that must definitely be utilized to make a a number of letter or number. In addition to this, this kind of worksheets can also demonstrate how to attract styles, and differentiate them from one yet another.
Teachers use printable producing document bedding. They let their pupils locate the numbers, letters, words and phrases or dots since this is the best way for a child to practice the managed moves of his hands and arm. With carried on practice or tracing, he will quickly have the ability to publish more legibly and plainly.
Universities use worksheet from stamping to cursive producing of letters to composing of words. Additionally, there are on the internet aid to display the kids how you can exactly form a letter or word. After showing students or youngsters just how of writing, you may print the worksheets and provide them procedures on how to compose specifically the right way. Kids will probably be curious to perform the activity mainly because they experienced fun observing the software program that you simply showed them.
Tracing Recursion Worksheet Uploaded by admin on Sunday, May 14th, 2023. We have 12 great pictures of Tracing Recursion Worksheet. Find AlphabetWorksheetsFree.com on category Worksheets.
See also Name Tracing Activities from Worksheets Topic.
Here we have 12 great printables about Tracing Recursion Worksheet. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to download the pictures in high quality, simply just click the image and you will be redirected to the download page of Tracing Recursion Worksheet.


If one is interested in learning more about classical education, he or she can probably not do any better than beginning with Dorothy Sayers’ classic essay, “The Lost Tools of Learning” available at www.gbt.org/text/sayers.html.
For additional reading, see our recommendations below.
Parents who are interested in Christian classical education tend to walk a via media between the Luddites and the BYOD classroom when it comes to the role of technology in their children’s lives. To read some of the latest research and opinions, check out our post “Screens, Social Media, and Students.”
Articles & Essays
“What is Classical Education?”, Susan Wise Bauer
“Why Classical Education?”, Escondido Tutorial Service
• The Well-Trained Mind: A Guide to Classical Education at Home, Susan Wise Bauer and Jessie Wise
• The Well-Educated Mind: A Guide the the Classical Education You Never Had, Susan Wise Bauer
• Recovering the Lost Tools of Learning, Douglas Wilson
• Climbing Parnassus: A New Apologia for Greek and Latin, Tracy Lee Simmons
• The Devil Knows Latin: Why America Needs the Classical Tradition, E. Christian Kopff
• Classical Education, Gene Veith and Andrew Kern
• Classical and Christian Education, Gregg Strawbridge


They are found from central Florida south throughout the Caribbean.
They are found on shallow coral reefs, tide pools and shorelines during the early part of their lives. As adults they live on land.
They have 4 walking legs, 4 small shell legs, a small pincher, a large purple pincher, and 4 antennae. Their shells can vary in how they look, because they find them and move in! They switch shells as they get bigger.
They are nocturnal. As they grow, hermit crabs abandon their shell and move into a larger one.
They are scavengers, eating what they can find including algae, small sea creatures and debri that has fallen to the sea floor.
They lay eggs in the water, where they burst and release the baby crabs (larvae). The larvae will float in the ocean for about almost 2 months then settle to the bottom and make their way to land. Once land bound, it will continue to metamorphose (change) to suit its new life on land. During this time their gills become more lung-like in function.
Species: C. clypeatus
When you research information you must cite the reference. Citing for websites is different from citing from books, magazines and periodicals. The style of citing shown here is from the MLA Style Citations (Modern Language Association).
When citing a WEBSITE the general format is as follows.
Author Last Name, First Name(s). "Title: Subtitle of Part of Web Page, if appropriate." Title: Subtitle: Section of Page if appropriate. Sponsoring/Publishing Agency, If Given. Additional significant descriptive information. Date of Electronic Publication or other Date, such as Last Updated. Day Month Year of access < URL >.
Amsel, Sheri. "Hermit Crab (Caribbean)" Exploring Nature Educational Resource ©2005-2023. June 7, 2023
< http://www.exploringnature.org/db/view/Hermit-Crab-Caribbean >


Rideau Military Settlements
The War of 1812 which pitted the new republic of the United States of America against Great Britain was fought primarily on the soil of Upper Canada.
This conflict clearly demonstrated the strategic weakness of a single line of military communication along the St. Lawrence River, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie between Montreal, Kingston, York (Toronto) and Niagara.
The Americans gained control of the waterways and attacked where they chose. The majority of settlers in Upper Canada during the War were recent immigrants from the United States and some had sympathies with the American invaders. The British Government devised a defensive strategy to counter this weakness – establish a secondary line of communication back from the American frontier along the Rideau River linking the Ottawa River with Lake Ontario, supported by a loyal population.
A loyal population could be found among the thousands of soldiers being discharged from service after the Napoleonic Wars.
Their economic prospects in Great Britain were dismal.
The Crown wanted to reward them for their loyal service in some way. If disbanded military units were settled with their officers in the wilderness north of the Rideau River, they would form a trained and experience body of militiamen able to assist in the defense of the colony, if the Americans ever invaded again.
Thus the “Rideau Military Settlements” and the Rideau Canal project were born. The Town of Perth in Lanark County Ontario celebrates the 200th Anniversary of its founding in 1816 as the first “Military Settlement” in Ontario. In 1818, the Town of Richmond and Village of Franktown follow. Added to the disbanded soldiers were civilian immigrants from Scotland, whose passage was assisted to the Perth area beginning in 1815.
The Town of Perth and the surrounding Township of Drummond, North Burgess, Bathurst, North Elmley, Lanark and Beckwith were initially chosen for military and civilian settlement and placed under military administration between 1815 and 1827.
But what about the Whiskey?
Cost: $30 plus 5% GST and applicable postage


Three Key Steps to Secure PC Software
The most important thing to protect your mobile devices, computers and information from hackers is secure PC software. Hackers, also known as cybercriminals, hack your computer for various reasons. They may steal and alter or erase information that you value. Hackers have malicious motives unlike other thieves who may make use of stolen items for legitimate reasons. They are most concerned with having access to sensitive data that is not authorized. This could happen before you even know that something is wrong.
The three most important steps to protect your PC software include passwords, firewalls and protection against viruses. If you follow these top methods, it’s less likely that your computer will be hacked by malware or hackers (software that locks data and requires payment for its unlocking).
Change the name of your administrator account. www.pcinfoblog.com/5-main-features-of-avg-cleaner Choose a strong password containing lower- and uppercase letters, numbers and computer symbols. Avoid using a password that is short, like 1234, because hackers can use automated tools to break passwords that are easy to guess in just a few minutes.
Maintain your operating system (OS) and other software up-to-date. The majority of software updates include security patches to help guard against hackers. Install all patches, and turn on automatic updates if there are any, to limit the time you are vulnerable to hackers.
If you own a laptop, or any other portable device that isn’t being used, ensure that the drive is encrypted. This is especially crucial for UF Students. You can enable encryption in Windows by opening Settings > Update and Security > Device encryption. This will secure your entire internal drive as well as most external drives, such as SD cards.


Here’s more evidence that supports the notion that we need seven to eight hours of sleep per night. Sleeping less than six hours a night can increase your risk of atherosclerosis – hardening of the arteries as a result of a build-up of plaque.
To achieve their findings, the researchers looked at parameters of atherosclerosis among middle-aged individuals along with sleep trends, conventional atherosclerosis risk factors, psychosocial risk factors, dietary habits, and inflammation.
Dr. Fernando Dominguez and colleagues wrote, “Sleep deficiency is highly prevalent in Western societies, and epidemiological studies suggest that not only short but also long sleep duration is related to an increased cardiovascular risk.”
The study looked at 3,974 participants who were placed in different groups based on how much sleep they achieved: less than six hours, six to seven hours, seven to eight hours, and over eight hours.
The researchers performed carotid and femoral 3D vascular ultrasounds and computed tomography angiograms (CTAs) to identify atherosclerosis.
After adjusting for traditional atherosclerosis factors, short sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis.
The researchers wrote in conclusion, “Overall, our findings support the potential role of healthy sleeping in protecting against atherosclerosis. Thus, recommending good sleep hygiene should be part of the lifestyle modifications provided in our daily clinical practice.”
Therefore, if you are looking to protect your heart and reduce your risk of atherosclerosis, then finding ways to get more sleep may be your first step.
- Essential oils for sleep: 13 ways to get the best sleep ever
- Yoga for sleep: Simple yoga exercises for restful sleep
- Atherosclerosis prevention: natural home remedies, diet, and exercise


Perching plane lands like a bird, according to an article in New Scientist, 14 October 2006, p32. Ephrahim Garcia of Cornell University, New York is developing an aircraft that can land vertically like a bird. When birds land they flare their wing feathers and angle them against the airflow. They then flare the tail feathers and bend them down to produce drag and slow the bird enough to land safely. Garcia’s plane has wings which rotate upwards, forcing the fuselage down, and a tail attached to a long articulated boom that can drop down. Changing the angle of the wings and tail produces the same drag effect as a bird produces with it wing and tail movements.
If Garcia’s design is successful it could be used for small, pilotless surveillance planes to enable them to land on a building if they need to keep observing one location for a long time, rather than remaining airborne and using up fuel. Garcia is still working on the landing undercarriage, but suggests that “spikey feet like a bird, with vibration-absorbing legs” would work. Ron Fearing, a specialist in “bio-inpsired flight” commented that using the tail to change from flying to perching mode is a “nice idea” and added, “Being able to provide this manoeuvrability to an aircraft is a very challenging problem.”
Editorial Comment: Garcia’s machine did not build itself, and if it works, Garcia, not the machine should get the praise for making it work. However, birds have been flying and landing in a far more efficient way than any aeroplane for as long as man has been around to observe them, and this is powerful testimony that a far smarter engineer designed birds, so it is really foolish to give the praise to the birds. Ron Fearing and other engineers who look to biology for their inspiration to solve their “very challenging problems” should give glory to the Creator who has shown them the answers to the problems in the living things He has made. (Ref. bio mimicry, biotechnology, aeronautics)
Evidence News 22 November 2006


Anyone who follows good nutrition knows that soft drinks are one of the biggest sources of empty calories for Americans — a big contributor to our expanding national waistline. To avoid this, many reach for diet pop instead. Last year, new scientific research confirmed that drinking diet soda does not protect against mid-life weight gain. This is significant, since those extra pounds make us more vulnerable to developing chronic degenerative diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
More shockingly, new research just published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine shows that daily diet soda drinkers actually have a 44% increased risk of heart attack or stroke. Read that again. A 44% higher risk of heart attack or stroke, even after taking other risk factors (cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, etc.) out of the equation. Just from daily diet soda consumption.
The soft drink industry would like to downplay these research studies, since diet soda should “theoretically” be healthier than regular soda. Clearly, the science proves just the opposite: diet soda is far from a health food. Should you switch back to regular soda? Of course not — the extra calories and high-fructose corn syrup are a sure recipe for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
What’s the answer? The counter-cultural choice of beverages: how about water or green tea? Many people object that they don’t like the taste, but really, it’s just a matter of getting accustomed to it. By gradually shifting more servings of beverage each day over to water or green tea, your taste buds will adapt. And — in a very real sense — it might just save your life.


Both men and women in Missouri might experience sexual harassment in the workplace. One study found that sexual harassment affected 1 in 18 women and 1 in 40 men. Authority figures, like supervisors, managers and owners, were not the only people responsible for harassing employees. Co-workers, customers and clients frequently represent the sources of unwanted sexual verbal harassment, sexual contact or assault. Researchers who surveyed victims asked them whether authority or nonauthority figures had harassed them. Among women, harassers were twice as likely to be nonauthority figures than people with direct power over them at work.
When the researchers collected information from people who has experienced sexual violence, a subset of them had been victims of people from their workplaces. Among respondents to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, 5.6% of women and 2.5% of men knew their attackers from work. Roughly 4% of the women said that nonauthority figures had been responsible compared to 2% of women who suffered from mistreatment at the hands of authority figures. Among men, 2% of them received unwanted attention from nonauthority figures compared to the 0.6% of men who attributed their harassment to authority figures.
Sexual violence within the workplace encompasses conduct such as using force to achieve unwanted penetration, coercing someone into sex and groping. Harassers who expose their sexual body parts or make sexual remarks also meet the definition of sexual violence.
The law specifically protects people from unwanted sexual advances at work, but complaining about sexual harassment can be difficult. The representation of an attorney may help someone overcome an uncooperative or hostile employer. An attorney might communicate the facts about the harassment as well as the harm caused by the conduct. Legal support during arbitration or litigation may allow someone to recover a settlement.


[time-nuts] Water on Enceladus - What does this imply about NASA'a ability to measure frequency?
jimlux at earthlink.net
Fri Apr 4 12:01:37 EDT 2014
On 4/4/14 5:01 AM, Dr. David Kirkby wrote:
> On 4 Apr 2014 08:55, "Tom Knox" <actast at hotmail.com> wrote:
>> 90 microns is approx a freq res of about 1 x 3.66 -12
>> Thomas Knox
> Since the Doppler shift is prortional to the frequency, I can't see how
> one can determine the absolute frequency.
> But given light travels at 3e8 m/s and they can resolve 9e-5 m/s, I would
> have thought that the frequency resolution needed was 9e-5/3e8=3e-13. We
> are differing by more than a factor of 10.
It's actually even more tricky, if you think about it, because what you
are really doing is making the measurement over some time period, and
the path length of signal is continuously varying during that time.
Not only is Cassini doing it's flyby of Enceladus (and you're looking
for small deviations in trajectory from those due to an idealized point
source masses), but you've also got your ground stations on Earth moving
due to planetary motion, daily rotation, as well as things like solid
earth tides moving the DSN station up and down by tens of cm during the
Gravity science in deep space is a very time-nutty activity.. it's
basically finding all the various sources of change, modeling them, and
driving the uncertainties as low as possible.
They use a collocated radiometer to compensate for the extra delay of
the atmosphere of earth. JPL has all those folks computing earth
rotation models, and that figures in (hey, you need to know the
rotational velocity of earth pretty accurately, to take that out of the
The folks who do this spend a lot of time looking at "residuals" plots
and trying to make them look like a flat line of zero width.
More information about the time-nuts


No entrepreneur is created equal, but many share the same character traits. Entrepreneurs are often tenacious and bold, they are able to tolerate risk in ways most people cannot. They are curious but disciplined dreamers; and great entrepreneurs know when to move full speed ahead towards a goal, and when to shift gears when something just isn’t working. However, there is one very important trait that is often overlooked when we talk about successful entrepreneurs: financial literacy.
Many entrepreneurs live in their imagination; they constantly come up with different possibilities where none exist and strive to make things just a little bit better. What entrepreneurs are not always thinking about, however, are the financial realities of interest and the time value of money. Yet these are essential things to consider when starting your own firm or small business.
To turn their intangible dreams into realities, entrepreneurs often need to learn the basics of running a business and managing cash flow. They need to learn all aspects of financial planning from forecasting how much their small business will cost in the beginning, to understanding how much they will need to put aside for any unplanned costs.
The same planning entrepreneurs put into building the financial foundation of their small businesses, is the same type of thinking that should be applied to other aspects of their financial lives like in crafting a retirement strategy, for example.


One in five U.S. homes have septic systems. Yours may be one of them. If your septic system is not properly maintained you may be risking your family’s health, hurting the environment, and flushing thousands of dollars down the drain.
EPA’s SepticSmart initiative is a nation-wide public education effort with resources for homeowners, local organizations, and government leaders. Learn how septic systems work and get simple, everyday tips on how to properly maintain them:
- Types of septic systems - View and download diagrams to learn about common septic system types and major components.
- How your septic system works – Do you have questions about how septic systems work? Do you know if your property is serviced by a septic system?
- Why maintain your septic system – Learn the benefits to keeping a properly maintained septic system.
- How to care for your septic system – Septic system maintenance is not complicated, and it does not need to be expensive. Follow these maintenance tips to keep your system operating reliably.
- What to do if your septic system fails – Learn why septic systems fail and whom to contact if it happens to you.
- Outreach Toolkit - Find materials targeted to homeowners that can be downloaded and printed. These materials show how many organizations have launched successful homeowner education programs.
- More resources for homeowners with septic systems – Find brochures, fact sheets, tools, and other related information to help you maintain a properly functioning septic system.


Trying to identify accurate and pertinent information about how to help your child can seem overwhelming. There are many areas that you may want to devote some attention to as a parent, including the subject of training your child in common activities of daily life (ADL)—but it’s hard to know where to begin.
Thankfully, there are many useful resources out there that can help you better understand this topic and also develop practical strategies to help your child thrive at these skills.
Helpful Articles, Research & Blogs
An overview about training children for independence:
This article from Verywell Family points out some important milestones in early behavioral development, and discusses the proper mindset for parents to adopt. It also covers some specifics of a few universally relevant examples—such as dressing oneself, potty training, hygiene and household chores.
Tools for teaching life skills to special needs children:
This follow-up piece from Verywell Family addresses issues that will become important as children get older, and some training techniques that parents and teachers can use—taking into account the unique challenges of various learning styles and abilities. It explains why methods such as creating visual guides, task analysis and social stories can be useful in some types of situations.
A useful checklist for planning your child’s ADL training:
The Autism Community in Action (TACA) also provides some excellent resources, such as this one that outlines how to determine which skills to teach as well as outlines activities that can be used for learning and practice for many key skills. Download a free checklist here.
The value of building daily routines for your child:
An academic-created resource you may find useful is this one from Vanderbilt University’s Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning. Through sample stories, it covers the value of building daily routines for your child. This, too, offers some reliable info on how your approach as a parent can help cultivate your child’s success at learning these skills.
Books Worth Reading
For those hoping to delve deeper into tasks that can help train a child’s ADL skills, there are books available on this subject as well:
Teaching everyday life skills to your special needs child can certainly be a challenge, but with the right support, mindset and tools at your disposal, it can feel a lot less daunting. We hope these resources can help you develop an action plan that works well for your family.


PPV Fans (Positive Pressure Ventilation Fans) are used in firefighting to remove smoke from a burning building, so that fire fighters can have a clear view inside the house and injured people do not have to breathe toxic smoke. This can be done by placing a PPV fan in a distance of about two meters in front of a door of the burning building. On another, carefully chosen position in the building, e. g. a window, a door or at the roof an opening has to be created, where the smoke can leave the building. The same volumetric flow rate of gas that is blown into the building by the PPV fan has to leave the building at a chosen opening. Because the gas entering the building is air and the gas leaving the building is a mixture of smoke and air, the smoke concentration in the building can be reduced.
To test the performance of such PPV fans, a test building with a door in the first floor and a window in the 3rd floor has been built. To measure the volumetric flow rate of the smoke and air mixture through the window in the 3rd floor that is leaving the building, a flow meter nozzle was designed. The design process was done using the commercial Navier Stokes solver Star CCM+, where three nozzle designs, such as a nozzle with constant velocity increase, a quarter circle nozzle and a non-curved nozzle were investigated for different volumetric flow rates. Also, a rounding at the window, where the nozzle is placed, was investigated to prevent flow detachment and shock losses at the inlet of the nozzle.
The volumetric flow rate through the nozzle can be calculated, by measuring the pressure at the nozzle wall (before the contraction) and applying Bernoulli’s law, the continuity equation and assuming atmospheric pressure at the free jet flow at the end of the nozzle. The so calculated volumetric flow rate was compared with the actual flow rate, given by the numerical CFD simulations. With these values, the nozzle specific coefficient of discharge for several volumetric flow rates has been calculated and a function fitting was done to get obtain analytical relation between pressure and volumetric flow rate.
The detailed design process of the three nozzles, the numerical results of the CFD studies and the determination of the nozzle specific coefficients of discharge are shown and discussed in detail in this work.


A good cyber antivirus will protect your computer against exterior and inner threats. This scans important computer data against a database of known malware and ad ware. The or spyware it picks up comes from the dark internet, which pros consider of little employ. Infections are no longer the biggest hazards to your computer system. However , more people are connecting to the internet, and cyber-attacks are on the rise. Cyber-virus software is necessary for each pc individual.
An anti-virus program performs to protect your laptop or computer against destructive software, including Trojans, viruses, and infections. It detects these hazards and takes away them www.cybertrashbox.com before they have a chance to infect your system. Cyber-threats can come in the form of email parts, hidden UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS drives, and also websites that you visit. Cyber-threats can cause your laptop or computer to delay, crash, or simply become irreparably damaged.
Modern cyber-threats generally require new, more advanced strategies of detection. Next-gen approaches incorporate behavioral diagnosis, machine learning, and sandboxing technologies. That they could also detect advanced persistent dangers and phishing exploits. To counter these threats, malware solutions will be needing global cleverness. Cloud-based intelligence will help distinguish and stop fresh threats, which includes zero-day variations. If you want to avoid these new attacks, a great antivirus must be in a position to work in the setting, while you are not really online.
Cybercrime is estimated to cost $6 trillion by 2021, and recovery might take months. Also businesses with updated anti virus software are generally not fully shielded against sophisticated cyber-attacks. A breach with this magnitude should go undetected for more than six months, and if your antivirus program merely working, destruction could be irreparable. So , how do you prevent cybercrime? Here are some tips to take care of computer safeguarded:


Colonia Cuauhtémoc in Ciudad de México, Mexico — The Valley of Mexico (The Central Highlands)
Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos
Martir de la Independencia
Nacio en 1760
Sindico del Ayuntamiento
de Mexico en 1808
Proclamo la soberania
popular fue protomartir
Murio in 1808
Martyr for Independence
Born in 1760 in Aguascalientes, became the principal administrator of the City Hall of Mexico City in 1808. Proclaimed the concept of popular sovereignty and is considered one of the first martyrs to Mexican independence with his death in 1808.
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Government & Politics • Patriots & Patriotism. A significant historical year for this entry is 1760.
Location. 19° 25.807′ N, 99° 9.683′ W. Marker is in Ciudad de México. It is in Colonia Cuauhtémoc. Marker is on Paseo de la Reforma close to Rio Neva, on the right when traveling west. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Ciudad de México 06500, Mexico. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. José María Chávez (within shouting distance of this marker); José Eduardo de Cárdenas Coronel Gregorio Méndez (about 90 meters away); Hermenegildo Galeana (about 90 meters away); Leonardo Bravo (about 90 meters away); Ramón Carmona (about 180 meters away); General Antonio Rosales (about 180 meters away); House of Venustiano Carranza (about 240 meters away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Ciudad de México.
Credits. This page was last revised on April 17, 2020. It was originally submitted on December 13, 2015, by J. Makali Bruton of Accra, Ghana. This page has been viewed 421 times since then and 11 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on December 13, 2015, by J. Makali Bruton of Accra, Ghana.


Site of Abraham Lincoln's family home in the Valley listed as endangered
The Lincoln Homestead, the birthplace of the father of former President Abraham Lincoln in Rockingham County, has been added to Preservation Virginia's
The original home was built in the 1700s and was home to the 16th president's great-grandparents. Five generations of Lincolns and two slaves are buried in the next door cemetery, which remains today. Historical accounts even claim that Daniel Boone and his family stayed at the homestead for a period of time.
Abraham Lincoln's father was born on the property in 1778.
While the original house burned down in the 1800s, the home built to replace it still stands off of Route 42. The home is privately owned, uninhabited and in some disrepair.
So Sharon Grandle wanted to do something about it.
"My own family originated in this county from the 1790s," said Grandle. "I've always had a love of history, especially American history and a deep love for the Shenandoah Valley."
Grandle nominated the home for preservation through the non-profit
, which works to preserve historical sites around the Commonwealth.
The roof of the home is relatively new, but the home still needs some work.
Grandle's hope is to eventually open the home to educate the community on the local history. The next step is to sell the property and then begin collecting funds for the preservation efforts.
Every February 12, Rockingham County’s Lincoln Society hosts a wreath-laying ceremony at the property in honor of President Lincoln's birthday.
You can find the full list of Preservation Virginia's Most Endangered Historic Places


What is nitrous oxide ?
Nitrous oxide is a colourless gas that people inhale, usually via a balloon. It’s also called balloons, nos, whippits, laughing gas, hippie crack chargers, noz.
It’s most commonly found in pressurised metal canisters.
You may have seen these in our parks and green spaces or lying around in streets. It’s important to know and educate others on the dangers.
More information can be found on the FRANK website
This is a psychoactive drug and is covered by the 2016 Psychoactive Substances Act, which means it’s illegal to give away or sell for its psychoactive effect.
Supply and production can mean up to seven years in prison, an unlimited fine or both.
Like drink-driving, driving when high is dangerous and illegal. If you’re caught driving under the influence, you may receive a heavy fine, driving ban, or prison sentence.
Its use is a potential public health issue.
The empty canisters are also becoming a litter problem, often being found on roadsides, in parks, on open spaces and on private land.
Reporting nitrous oxide canisters as litter
We want to know when you come across these used canisters, to help us understand the extent of the problem across Dudley.
Please use the link below tell to tell us where canisters (and other litter) is.
From the cleanliness problem page, select ‘litter – nitrous oxide (silver bullet) canisters’, then complete and submit the form. You can do this anonymously if you wish.
Tell us about a shop you think may be selling nitrous oxide Illegally
Please use the link below to give us details, and to tell us the name and location of the shop.
When you reach the cleanliness problem page, select ‘report a shop selling nitrous oxide canisters’, then complete and submit the form. You can do this anonymously if you wish.
Report canisters as litter or those illegally selling here https://customer.dudley.gov.uk/gis-report/st-cleanse-grit/


Fat is not metabolized to glucose and does not require insulin to be metabolized. Instead, a ketogenic diet (high fat diet) provides energy from ketones. Eating only fat will for that reason not increase the blood glucose level.
That may sound good but let us look at what happens. In this study fourteen lean, healthy individuals randomly received either palm oil or a placebo (Hernández EÁ, et al., 2017). The evaluation was very thorough and included among other tests magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This was the result.
Saturated fat ingestion rapidly increased liver fat storage and insulin resistance. The researchers stated that saturated fat may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
What else happens on a ketogenic diet?
When the body burns fat as its main fuel, one of the products produced is acetoacetate. This generates the by-products acetone and acetol. These 2 products are potential precursors of the glycotoxin methylglyoxal.
Methylglyoxal and its byproducts are recognized as a significant cause of blood vessel and tissue damage and was measured together with acetol and acetone in individuals on the Atkins diet (Beisswenger BG, et.al, 2005). The Atkins diet is a ketogenic diet.
The results showed that samples from individuals in ketosis increased the methylglyoxal 2.12-fold, acetol 4.19 and acetone 7.9. There were no changes in samples from noncompliant, nonketotic individuals. This implies that potential tissue and vascular damage can occur.
Beisswenger BG, Delucia EM, Lapoint N, Sanford RJ, Beisswenger PJ.Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Jun;1043:201-10.
Hernández EÁ, Kahl S, Seelig A, Begovatz P, Irmler M, Kupriyanova Y, Nowotny B, Nowotny P, Herder C, Barosa C, Carvalho F, Rozman J, Neschen S, Jones JG, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Roden M. Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2017 Feb 1;127(2):695-708.