The Tree Crosses of Rosma Forest
Hundreds of small crosses have been carved into the bark of the trees outside this small Estonian village.
In southern Estonia, there is a funeral custom that entails cutting a cross into the bark of a tree to commemorate the lost loved one, and keep their soul from coming back to haunt them. The forest near the cemetery of Rosma village has around 200 such trees, that may prevent hauntings but still look somewhat ghostly.
The way the rite usually plays out is that, on the way to the cemetery, the funeral procession stops at a certain tree, and usually a male descendant cuts the cross into the bark. In some areas there is only one tree for cutting crosses into, and it is used by the whole community, in some areas different families have their own tree so that all the members can be marked on the bark of that tree when their time comes. Also in some areas it is customary to use a pine to cut a cross for a male member and spruce for a female member (occasionally birches and oaks are also used).
There are many ideas of why these crosses are made. One origin of the tradition is that the soul uses the tree to go climb up to heaven. However the main belief behind the tradition is that it prevents the soul from returning to haunt others. Of course it is also simply an evocative memorial gesture to remember the dead by.
Unfortunately many of the trees and forests have been cut down in the modern era, and the Rosma forest was also partly damaged due to road extension works. Still, this practice of marking a tree with a cross is still observed by the older generations, so new trees with crosses cut into the bark are still showing up.
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The time to take action against farrowing crates is nowApril 16th, 2018
More than 16,000 mother pigs are kept confined in farrowing crates in New Zealand. Tightly confined, a mother pig can merely step forward or backwards. She cannot even turn around for weeks on end. She will never be able to build a nest for her piglets, who will be taken from her within weeks of birth. She may develop pressure sores and joint injuries, and she may chew at the bars of her crate in boredom. For animals that are more intelligent than dogs, this is particularly distressing.
Sadly this treatment of pigs is routine and it never ends – after more than four weeks in the farrowing crate, the cycle of abuse begins again. It is difficult to imagine a less humane way to treat a highly intelligent, social and sensitive animal. The current use of farrowing crates is a violation of New Zealand’s Animal Welfare Act, which requires animal owners to ensure their basic needs – including behavioural needs – are met. Yet, somehow, the Code of Welfare allows this cruelty to continue. The use of farrowing crates is described by farmers as ‘best practice’ in pig factory farms. They claim that the crates meet minimum welfare requirements. However, 30% of New Zealand pig farms already do not confine their mother pigs in this cruel way.
Thousands of you have spoken out with us in the petition we have just presented to Parliament. But in order to get real change for pigs, we need to keep the momentum going. We will be working with the public and putting pressure on the government in the coming months to take the voices of the people seriously and to ban cruel farrowing crates.
- Please give for pigs now and help us keep the pressure on the Government to end the cruelty of farrowing crates
Watch this space over the coming months as we demand fair, kind treatment for mother pigs!


Preserving Kodiak's Maritime Heritage
Fish Tales, Petroglyphs and Kodiak Pioneers
The spring of 2002, KMM, in collaboration with the Alutiiq Museum, Baranov Museum and Kodiak Military History Museum, launched an oral history project, “Fish Tales, Petroglyphs and Kodiak Pioneers."
Each month old-timers are videotaped as they tell their stories and relay accounts of the dramatic events that transformed the Kodiak region during their lifetime.
Most of them were eyewitnesses to the buildup of WWII and some helped build the Navy base and other military facilities throughout the archipelago. They lived through the Great Alaska Earthquake and accompanying tsunami. And they watched the growth of Alaska's commercial fisheries and the transformation of Kodiak from a small village to homeport of Alaska's largest fishing fleet.
Over the past year, "Fish Tales" has recorded the life stories of Emil and Frieda Norton; DeWitt and Wanda Fields and their sons; Calvin Skonberg; Norm and the late Peggy Sutliff; Bud and Jack Owen; Judge Roy Madsen; the late Sven Haakanson, Sr.; Iver Malutin; Anton Larsen's granddaughter's Myrtle Olsen and Martha Randolph; and Marcy and Harold Jones.
The interviews take place in front of audiences at one of Kodiak's downtown museums. The project received statewide recognition when KMM applied for and received an Alaska Humanities Grant for the project. Individual donations, video sponsorships and museum volunteers also support "Fish Tales."
Special thanks go to supporters and oral history committee members Deedie Pearson, Katie Kavanaugh, Alice Reyser, Sue Jeffrey, Balika Haakanson, Curt Law, Joe Stevens, David Kaplan, Sven Haakanson and Eric Waltenbaugh.


Objectives. This article examines the effect that family structure has on the contact between older adults and their (step)children. A comparison is made among 3 family structures: biological families, complex stepfamilies, and simple stepfamilies. Methods. The sample consists of respondents aged 55 years or older from the "Living Arrangements and Social Networks of Older Adults in the Netherlands" survey of 1992. The contact between biological relationships and steprelationships is measured by means of 2 items: contact frequency and whether contact is perceived as regular and important. Results. Parents have less contact with their biological children in stepfamilies compared with parents with their children in biological families. The contact with biological children is perceived as more often regular and important in biological families and complex stepfamilies compared with simple stepfamilies. No difference was found in the contact between stepparents and stepchildren in simple and complex stepfamilies. However, the contact with stepchildren is perceived as more often regular and important in simple stepfamilies in comparison to complex stepfamilies. Discussion. It is not so much the difference between biological children and stepchildren that counts when studying the contact between (step)parents and (step)children, as what the structure of the aging (step)family is.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||The Journals of Gerontology. Series B : Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences|
|Publication status||Published - 2010|


The change in the law on organ donations has made it more difficult to find organs. The
need for organs donors in the country far exceeds the number of donors. Every year about 2.2
Lakh new patients of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) get added in India resulting in
additional demand for 3.4 Crore dialysis every year. With approximately 4950 dialysis
centres, largely in the private sector in India, the supply is less than demand met with existing
infrastructure. Since every Dialysis has an additional expenditure tag of about Rs.2000, it
results in a monthly expenditure for patients to the tune of Rs.3-4 Lakhs annually.
Besides, most families have to undertake frequent trips, and often over long distances to
access dialysis services incurring heavy travel costs and loss of wages for the patient and
family members accompanying the patient. This therefore leads to financial catastrophe for
practically all families with such patients. With substantial gain in quality of life and
extension of progression free survival for patients, families continue to stretch financially to
make large out of pocket spends. It has been felt that both in terms of provision of this
important life saving procedure and also for reducing impoverishment on account of out of
pocket expenditure for patients, a Dialysis program is required.
The records in the Indian Transplant Registry reported that between 1971 and 2015, a total of
21,395 kidneys were transplanted in India, out of which a mere number of 783 kidneys
belonged to deceased or cadaver donors. It is also due to the lack of knowledge of the process
and apprehension among Indian families that leads to the decreasing number of deceased
donors in the country.
Purnanad B Sanket patient says “At the age of 9 I had to undergo dialysis. And Recently
when I had my dialysis in 2010, i had to pay around 2000 rupees per session. I had to wait
only for 2 months, as my mother donated the kidney but after Transplantation of Human Organs act 2011 people need to wait for 4-5 years.”
Regardless of whether one discovers benefactor one can’t transplant it as the contributor should be blood relative. Due to this holding up time has expanded.


A habit is a 3-step loop: Cue, Routine, Reward
In the book, “The Power of Habit”, writer Charles Duhigg discusses a three-step loop involved with every habit: A cue, a routine, and a reward.
The cue is the trigger that makes the brain start searching for the right habit to use. The routine is the actual “thing” we do (could be mental, physical or emotional), and the reward is the benefit you get from this process which reinforces that it’s worth doing again. The more this plays out, the stronger this loop gets.
The first step in changing unwanted habits is that you need to respect this three-step loop. Our brain is wired to follow it.
Duhigg’s recommendation is to change the routine to a healthier behavior insomuch that it produces the same reward.
For example: Let’s say you wake up every morning and have a cup of coffee. In this situation, the initial cue is feeling tired, the routine is drinking coffee, and the reward is feeling more alert. The cue will remain the same and it will require the same reward, but we’ll want to find a different routine to accomplish it.
Perhaps you take a green juice instead of coffee. Or do ten pushups to wake the body up. Or take 30 deep breaths to get more oxygen into your bloodstream.
You get to play around with what new routine you’d like to implement, but if it doesn’t serve the same reward, you’ll be unhappy, and the brain will often resort to old ways.


Strong passwords are important protections to help you have safer online transactions. The key to password strength is length and complexity. An ideal password is long and has letters, punctuation, symbols, and numbers.
• Whenever possible, use 14 characters or more.
• The greater the variety of characters in your password, the better.
• Use the entire keyboard, not just the letters and characters you use or see most often.
Create a Strong Password you can remember:
There are many ways to create a long, complex password. Here are some suggestions that might help you remember it easily:
|What to do||Example|
|Start with a sentence or two.||Complex passwords are safer and easier to remember.|
|Remove the spaces between the words in the sentence.||Complexpasswordsaresaferandeasiertoremember.|
|Turn words into symbols, numbers, or shorthand.||ComplexpasswordsRsafer&easier2remember.|
|Add length with numbers. Put numbers that are meaningful to you after the sentence.||ComplexpasswordsRsafer&easier2remember2011.|
Test your password with a password checker:
A password checker evaluates your password's strength automatically. Some sample websites include thepasswordmeter.com or microsoft.com.
Protect your passwords from prying eyes:
The easiest way to "remember" passwords is to write them down. It is okay to write passwords down, but keep them secure. I would not recommend carrying them with you.
Common password pitfalls to avoid:
Cyber criminals use sophisticated tools that can rapidly decipher passwords.
Avoid creating passwords that use:
• Dictionary words in any language
• Words spelled backwards, common misspellings, and abbreviations.
• Sequences or repeated characters. Examples: 12345678, 222222, abcdefg, or adjacent letters on your keyboard (qwerty).
• Personal information. Your name, birthday, driver's license, passport number, or similar information.


Resources for Parents and Children
Click the underlined links bleow to visit sites or visit our Kids Zone page for fun, safe sites for kids.
Educational and fun games and activities for children.
ALA Great Web Sites for Kids
An Internet guide of child-safe sites selected by a committee of the American Library Association, which contains links to all of the web sites on the list. The web sites are categorized by subject area.
Accelerated Reader (AR) Book Finder
Online tool that lists AR books by genre, interest and age level, and more.
Ben's Guide to the U.S. Government Web Sites for Kids
Ben Franklin, that is. This web site links to many U.S. government agencies that provide web content for kids. It arranges content by age group and also includes resources for parents and teachers.
This site provides information, ratings, and resources on media for children such as movies, books, websites, and more.
Creative fun from the makers of Crayola products. Includes more than 1,000 free coloring pages, craft ideas, and games.
Creative Kids Central: Free web resources and games for classical music education intended for children of all ages and their families and teachers.
Online games and activities from Fisher Price.
National Geographic Kids
Features different people, places, and animals and also includes facts, games, activities, and more.
Learning activities, games, and more for kids about light, optics, etc.
Educational videos on sports science, environemnetal, and cutural issues.
Includes educational games, videos, and activities, including activities and other cool stuff from some of PBS' most popular children's characters.
Diabetes resource for kids living with or dealing with diabetes in their lives.
Sesame Street site in Spanish.
Adventures in the Subatomic Universe! Games make learning fun.
A curated, teen-friendly database of online science content (videos, articles, and games). Topics range from ants to zoonotic diseases (and all things in between), with some resources leaning a bit toward the advanced. Accessing content doesn’t require an account. Kids (age 13 and over) who do make accounts will enjoy designing their own avatars, posting comments, and earning badges.
The World Almanac Kids
A great online almanac designed for kids.


The status of the mourning dove is controversial. In some states it is hunted as a fast, acrobatic, and challenging game bird; in other states it is protected as a songbird. Despite 10s of millions being taken each year by hunters, the population has remained relatively stable, probably due to the bird's high reproductive capacity.
Many pairs will nest four or five times each summer and produce from 1-4 eggs each nesting. Nests are constructed by the female using twigs brought to her by the male and are simple platforms on which the eggs are incubated and young are protected.
The young are initially fed “pigeon” milk, a rich broth of cells sloughed off the inside of the adult’s crop that is particularly rich in proteins, fats, and water. After 5-11 days, the chicks are weaned off this diet and onto a regurgitated mix of fruits and seeds. A few days later the young leave the nest, although they usually remain in the area, freeing the adults to begin a new family.
Doves eat primarily hard, dry foods and therefore need to consume significantly larger quantities of water than many other birds. But birds are typically more vulnerable to predators when drinking water. To drink water most birds take a sip and then tip their heads upwards to drink. Doves actually immerse their bills and suck water. This method of drinking is much faster and reduces the amount of time doves are vulnerable to predators.
Last updated: March 29, 2022


SUCCEED Act Introduced
The Senate GOP recently released a bill that could lead to the legalization for Dreamers. The new bill, called the SUCCEED Act, could be the solution to the impending end to DACA. The bill is said to be fair and merit based, and a solution to address legal uncertainty that undocumented children face. This new bill seeks to provide undocumented children with the opportunity to earn and keep legal status, so long as they meet specific requirements- which some may argue are quite stringent- including passing an extensive background check and follow a merit0based track to demonstrate that they are productive members of this country.
What Does SUCCEED stand for?
SUCCEED is an acronym for:
- Solution for
- Children through
- Education and
- Defending our nation.
Core Principles of the SUCCEED Act
Senators Thom Tillis (R-NC) and James (R-OK) introduced the SUCCEED Act. They states that the four core principles of this act are:
- The Act aims to create legal certainty for undocumented children who came here through no fault of their own, and offers them an opportunity to remain here with a chance to succeed.
- The Act surrounds the notion that opportunity to stay in the United States is not automatic and should not be given freely. SUCCEED will require that, once undocumented children become adults, they maintain gainful employment, earn a post secondary educational or vocational degree, or serve in the military.
- The bill aims to curb illegal immigration by addressing via overstays.
- The SUCCEED Act is a solution for only undocumented children and bars chain migration during the legal process. The bill suggests this is also fair to lawful immigrants who are in the process of naturalization.
John Sesini is an experienced immigration attorney with offices in Green Bay and Milwaukee Wisconsin. If you have any questions regarding these matters, please contact the Sesini Law Group, S.C. and obtain your initial consultation.


Peroxy Radical Photolysis
In regions with high VOC concentrations and low NOx concentrations, such as the Danum Valley in Borneo (pristine tropical rainforest with high concentrations of isoprene) and the Pearl River Delta, China (urban region with a wide range of VOCs and low NOx), modelled values of [OH] are often much lower than measured values. One reason for this could be a significant missing source of OH. It has been proposed that photolysis of peroxy radicals (RO2) could be an important part of this missing source.
A number of experiments have been set up at the University of Leeds to test this hypothesis. Preliminary findings indicate that photolysis of isoprene derived RO2 radicals at atmospherically-relevant wavelengths produces OH.
Absorption spectra of photolysis products
A multipass absorption spectrometer is being developed in the Dainton laboratory at the University of Leeds. The instrument will record time resolved absorption spectra of RO2 photolysis products.
FAGE Studies of OH
The yield of OH from RO2 photolysis is being studied using the FAGE technique. RO2 radicals are produced by reaction of OH with hydrocarbons, and are photolysed in the wavelength ranges 300-450 nm and 1100-1700 nm. OH concentrations are recorded as the photolysis wavelength is varied, to produce an action spectrum. Potential interferences in FAGE will be investigated.
The RO2 cross section data and OH yields will be included in photolysis and box models to test the impact of the laboratory measurements on the atmospheric concentrations of OH and HO2, in key regions such as the Borneo rain forest.


Title III & ESOL
Bacon County ESOL Program is to help ensure the English language development and academic success of English Learners (ELs).
The ESOL Program aims to work with all teachers at all grade levels and administrators of ELs to provide high-quality instructional programs designed to develop proficiency in English, while meeting challenging State academic content and student academic achievement standards. It is the systems belief that all ELs will succeed and will have equal access to opportunities to achieve academic excellence.
Title III is a federally-funded program that provides LEAs with funding to supplement those English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) services already in place. Classroom teachers integrate the WIDA English Language Development standards with the CCGPS to enable ELs to both communicate in English and demonstrate their academic, social, and cultural proficiency. To the extent practicable, we use the EL’s home language as a means of facilitating instruction and providing parents with school-related information.
Can Do Descriptors
CAN DO DESCRIPTORSThe descriptors provide general education and ESOL teachers with excellent examples of what a student at each proficiency level can be expected to do. The descriptors allow teachers to differentiate instructional tasks to fit the needs of individual students.
Teacher Strategies & Supports
Identification Process Charts


Could marijuana prevent brain damage after traumatic injury?
Looks like Bob Marley wasn’t kidding when he claimed marijuana can be good for you. The loco weed may prove beneficial in arresting some forms of brain damage after traumatic injury, claims a new study.
According to lead researcher, Dr. Yosef Sarne of Tel Aviv University’s Adelson Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, “the active component of marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol or THC” has the potential to shield the brain after injuries from seizures, toxic drug exposure or a lack of oxygen.
Sarne explained that the introduction of a miniscule amount of THC in the brain appears to promote the activation of biochemical processes that guard brain cells and preserve cognitive function.
In order to determine whether the use of low doses of THC can prevent long-term cognitive damage triggered via brain injury, the scientists conducted an animal study.
They injected the rodents with single, very low dose of THC (thousands of times less potent than the weakest joint) either few days prior or after exposing them to a brain trauma. Animals in the control group also got their brains bonked but were not administered THC treatment.
Roughly a month after the THC treatment trial, the mice were examined. It was noted that animals given THC fared much better in behavioral tests designed to assess learning and memory skills as opposed to those in the control group. They also exhibited greater amounts of neuroprotective chemicals than mice not given the dose.
Experts theorize that marijuana may actually cause minor brain damage that helps build resistance and sparks off protective measures to prevent major injury.
Though, the animal study shows promise, experts feel there is need to substantiate the findings in human trials.
“Since we deal, in this case, in a basic process (THC is protective against a variety of insults, not just a specific condition), I personally believe it will go beyond rodents,” Sarne wrote.
Details of the animal study are published in the journals Behavioural Brain Research and Experimental Brain Research.


Root volatile profiles and herbivore preference are mediated by maize domestication, geographic spread, and modern breeding.
Additional Document Info
Domestication affected the abundances and diversity of maize root volatiles more than northward spread and modern breeding, and herbivore preference for roots was correlated with volatile diversity and herbivore resistance. Studies show that herbivore defenses in crops are mediated by domestication, spread, and breeding, among other human-driven processes. They also show that those processes affected chemical communication between crop plants and herbivores. We hypothesized that (i) preference of the herbivore (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae for embryonic roots of maize (Zea mays mays) would increase and (ii) root volatile diversity would decrease with the crop's domestication, northward spread to present-day USA, and modern breeding. We used Balsas teosinte (Zea mays parviglumis), Mexican and USA landrace maizes, and US inbred maize lines to test these hypotheses. We found that herbivore preference and volatile diversity increased with maize domestication and northward spread but decreased with modern breeding. Additionally, we found that the abundances of single volatiles did not consistently increase or decrease with maize domestication, spread, and breeding; rather, volatiles grouped per their abundances were differentially affected by those processes, and domestication had the greatest effects. Altogether, our results suggested that: the herbivore's preference for maize roots is correlated with volatile diversity and herbivore resistance; changes in abundances of individual volatiles are evident at the level of volatile groups; and maize domestication, but not spread and breeding, affected the abundances of some green leaf volatiles and sesquiterpenes/sesquiterpenoids. In part, we discussed our results in the context of herbivore defense evolution when resources for plant growth and defense vary across environments. We suggested that variability in relative abundance of volatiles may be associated with their local, functional relevance across wild and agricultural environments.


|patients | doctors | ocularists|
The Need For a Better Implant
The first-generation implants were a major improvement for those wearing an artificial eye, but they were unable to deliver a natural movement to the artificial eye. This lack of movement was a major obstacle to restoring a natural appearance, which made the adjustment to wearing an artificial eye much more difficult.
The first-generation implants also tended to drift (migrate) in the orbit and were often rejected (extruded) by the body, making further surgery necessary. These problems inspired researchers to seek a better orbital implant.
Hydroxyapatite: The Natural Choice
The goal of a more natural appearance was finally achieved with the help of a natural material: ocean coral. A remarkable similarity was noticed between the porous structure of certain coral species and that of human bone.
Soon after this discovery, a method was developed to transform the mineral in coral to match that of human bone, known as hydroxyapatite. (abbreviated as HA)
This naturally derived material has both the porous structure and the chemical structure of bone. Thus, the tissues of the body will accept, even grow into these naturally derived hydroxyapatite implants, and they essentially become a "living" part of the body. This is in contrast to artificially made hydroxyapatite, or the porous materials like porous polyethylene (Medpor) or aluminum oxide (Bioceramic ) that do not have these properties.
The First Hydroxyapatite Orbital Implant ...


This article is free to access.
Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations. Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e. 3-5 g/day or 0.1 g/kg of body mass/day). Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain. These include, but are not limited to: 1. Does creatine lead to water retention? 2. Is creatine an anabolic steroid? 3. Does creatine cause kidney damage/renal dysfunction? 4. Does creatine cause hair loss / baldness? 5. Does creatine lead to dehydration and muscle cramping? 6. Is creatine harmful for children and adolescents? 7. Does creatine increase fat mass? 8. Is a creatine ‘loading-phase’ required? 9. Is creatine beneficial for older adults? 10. Is creatine only useful for resistance / power type activities? 11. Is creatine only effective for males? 12. Are other forms of creatine similar or superior to monohydrate and is creatine stable in solutions/beverages? To answer these questions, an internationally renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding creatine supplementation.
Antonio, J., Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., Gualano, B., Jagim, A. R., Kreider, R. B., … Ziegenfuss, T. N. (2021, December 1). Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w
Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.


Fish attractors provide cover for sportfish as well as forage species such as insects, crustaceans and minnows that sportfish depend upon for food. Fish are attracted to brush piles or other structure in search of forage and protection from predators. As a result, attractors concentrate fish where anglers can catch them easily.
Oak and citrus trees provide excellent attractor materials. Recycled Christmas trees, although popularly used, do not make good fish attractors, since they do not last very long because the branches tend to be too small and the trunk is a softwood. Green trees with numerous small limbs are best and sink with minimum weighting material. Rock piles, plastic pipe, concrete culverts and wood boxes also can provide shelter areas in private ponds. If a sandy or gravel bottom is not present, areas of lime rock, gravel or oyster shell can create attractors and spawning areas for largemouth bass and bream. There are also many man-made attractors on the market which eliminates the need for refurbishing natural materials.
Do not anchor near fish attractors
NOTE: Do not anchor near fish attractors. This is to prevent direct damage to the attractor by the anchor, and to prevent brush or attractor panels from being dragged away from the main attractor site, reducing their effectiveness.
Permit May Be Required
NOTE: Placing natural or artificial attractors in lakes owned by two or more parties may require a permit from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection or water management district. Litter laws also apply to depositing materials in public waters.
A wide variety of fish attractors have been installed across the state by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
An Interactive Fish Attractor Map shows attractor locations and coordinates.
A Fish Attractor List of locations and coordinates is also available.


Social Learning Theory And Bloom’s Taxonomy Assignment
Prior to engaging in this discussion, please read Chapters 5 and 6 from the Applied metacognition e-book, review Elaboration Theory (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.,
Social Learning Theory (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site., and Self-Determination Theory (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. online, read “The Impact of the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction on Student Self-Determination” article, view the Emotional Intelligence and Bloom’s Taxonomy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. videos, and review any relevant Instructor Guidance.
Throughout the past several decades, the understanding of how we learn has been defined and redefined. For the discussion please include the following:
- Evaluate and discuss the applicability of social learning theory and Bloom’s taxonomy to the concepts of how we learn.
- Analyze how social learning theory and Bloom’s taxonomy incorporate cognitivism and constructivism into their frameworks.
- Demonstrate an understanding of social learning theory and Bloom’s taxonomy may have contributed to the focus on the more recent theories of emotional intelligence, metacognition, and motivation (i.e., self-determination). This may be opinion, but please support your ideas with your experiences or current understanding.
- Go to the Ashford University Library and research three scholarly articles pertaining to the historical relevance of one of the following: emotional intelligence, Self-determination Theory, or metacognition.
- Address the following questions about what you discovered during your research:
- What historical trends do you notice in the literature about your assigned subject?
- Does there appear to be any event or series of events (such as research findings) that helped to promote this area of the variable within learning psychology?
- Evaluate your learning style and share an example of how a better understanding of this theory might be applied to explain your learning behavior(s) in a real-life situation at school, work, or home. Get Psychology homework help today


National Garden Month
Every April, communities, organizations, and individuals nationwide celebrate gardening during National Garden Month. Gardeners know, and research confirms, that nurturing plants is good for us: attitudes toward health and nutrition improve, kids perform better at school, and community spirit grows.
National Garden Week came about when Former President Reagan signed the Proclamation on April 18, 1986 to celebrate gardening and the beauty of vibrant spring flowers. It was first celebrated April 12 to 18, 1987. In 2002, the National Gardening Association resolved to extend the celebration to encompass the entire month of April. National Garden Month was celebrated for the first time in 2003.
We celebrate National Garden Month in April because we are all anxious to get outside and enjoy the nice weather; and what better way to do that then to grow an organic garden? Starting your own garden can yield fresh fruits and vegetables free from chemicals and pesticides. It can also produce a stunning array of flowers and shrubs to brighten our lives with their beauty. Not only that, it provides a special source of fulfillment when foresight, patience, and collaboration with soil and sunlight finally are repaid by lovely flowers and luscious harvests.
If you're just beginning your very own nutritious garden, here is a great list of plants to sow and grow in April:


Question posted by Joyce Sim from Singapore:
Grade/Level: Primary 4
Question: Average of a number of files is $4. After buying another file which cost $16, the average increases to $7. Find the number of files at the beginning.
Step 1: This question involves the Total Vs Individual Difference Concept. First, we draw 1 box to represent the old average of $4. Then we draw an arrow to the right to show that this box is repeated by an unknown number of times (label "?" at the end of the arrow).
Step 2: Then, we draw 1 box to represent the new average of $7. Then we draw an arrow to the right to show that this box is repeated by an unknown number of times (label "?" at the end of the arrow).
Step 3: Usually, for this type of questions, we are comparing an equal number of groups. Since the difference between the first and the second scenario is 1 extra file which increases the average to $7, we will subtract $7 from the $16 so that the number of files in both scenarios are the same to facilitate comparison. Thus, we can conclude that the number of files between the 2 scenarios should be the same. The only difference is that the total for the second scenario is greater than the first by $9. This value is known as the Total Difference.
We also can see from the model that the difference in average between 1 file in the old scenario and the new scenario is $7 - $4 = $3. This is known as the Individual Difference.
Total Difference / Individual Difference = Number of Groups
$9 / $3 = 3 groups
Therefore, there were 3 files at the beginning.
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This weekend, a group of students from Cardiff Sixth Form College embarked on a climb of Garth Mountain in Taff’s Well, Cardiff.
Divided into three groups, each with nine members, the students were required to complete a series of different exercises.
Firstly, they were presented with a bag full of different objects such as a plastic toy gun, rope and matches, and had to discuss how the items could be used to aid their survival if they were stranded alone in the forest together.
The second exercise saw students blindfold each other and work together to pitch a small pop-up tent.
Following this, the three groups climbed to the top of the mountain peak together. As they climbed, they were asked to consider the best way to approach the climb if they were walking on a single path trail through wet, slippery woodland. Which group member would walk in front, and in what order would the others follow, and why? Some groups placed the slowest students in front so that the fastest individuals could follow behind and motivate them to speed up, whereas others put the strongest students behind so that they could catch any students that fell in front. When they reached the top of the mountain, each student sang the national anthem of their home country.
The final exercise took the form of the ‘bear’ cave. The students were told to imagine a survival scenario in which one group member would be unable to survive. Who would they pick to make the ultimate sacrifice, and why? And would the group feel comfortable allowing an individual member to volunteer themselves for such a sacrifice?
After reaching the top of Garth Mountain and climbing back down, all of the students were worn out. However, everyone agreed that they felt a genuine sense of satisfaction to have made it to the top.
This was an excellent team-building exercise, and the students were encouraged to consider how the skills they had practiced throughout the day, such as communication, teamwork and partnership, could have practical applications in the real world. Each student received a certificate in honour of their achievements. The trip also provided a great opportunity for students to make new friends and develop bonds with their peers.
Well done to all of the students involved!Categories: News


Recognizing that we have been the victim of sexual violence is sometimes the first step in our recovery. All of your reactions are legitimate.
Forms of sexual violence
Sexual violence denotes any action or attempted action of a sexual nature committed against another person without their consent. These include sexual assault, sexual exploitation and sexual cyberviolence.
When committed without consent, any sexual act is a form of sexual violence. Consent means agreement or permission clearly expressed by the person concerned. It must always be respected.
Possible reactions to an act of sexual violence
Every person reacts differently to an act of sexual violence. It can vary depending on the form of violence, the context and the person’s individual and social resources.
Myths, prejudices and truths
Too often, common myths and prejudices sow doubt in the minds of people who have experienced sexual violence. It is important to clarify the facts and set the record straight.
When a person reveals that they have experienced sexual violence, the reaction of those close to them can have a big impact on their recovery. Judging the person or minimizing what they have gone through can cause even more damage. Listening to them, believing them, and supporting them in their decisions will encourage them to regain control of their life.
To talk to someone, obtain support or find out what resources are available to you, call one of our Sexual Violence Helpline counsellors at 1 888 933-9007.


Category: University of Alaska
The Illustrated Voyage Artists aboard voyages of discovery and exploration were given the task of making an objective record of the landscapes, people, flora and fauna of the lands they visited. One would not expect, given the focus on creating an accurate visual record for these expeditions, that there would have been room for the expression of artistic vision.
Collections from the University of Alaska: Maps. The Rare Map Collection at the Rasmuson Library contains thousands of maps that document the history of Alaska, from 16th century speculative cartography to the gold rush era. This selection of maps provides basic coverage of the mapping of Alaska, from the early voyages of discovery through the sale of Russian America to the United States and the gold rush. The maps depict the growth of geographic knowledge that resulted from the great expeditions of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries,and also illustrate the carto-controversies that arose from various imagined geographies and fictitious voyages of discovery. A new map of the northeast coast of Asia, and the northwest coast of America, with the late Russian discoveries.
Collections from the University of Alaska: Photographs. The Historical Photographs collections in the Alaska and Polar Regions Department of the Rasmuson Library include over seven hundred thousand images, dating from the 1870s to the present, documenting Alaska, the Yukon Territory, and eastern Siberia. Of particular interest are collections relating to the Alaskan gold rushes (1880-09), World War II in Alaska (1940-1945), the transition to statehood (1956-67), and the Pipeline boom (1974-77). This selection of documents is of indigenous and pioneer women of Alaska in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Residence of Mrs. J.H. Mann, Fairbanks, Alaska., c.1900. UAF Historical Photographs.


The largest single user of kaolin is the paper industry because when kaolin is used, paper products print better and are made whiter and smoother. Kaolin used as a filler in the interstices of the sheet adds ink receptivity and opacity to the paper sheet. Kaolin used to coat the surface of the paper sheet makes possible sharp photographic illustrations and bright printed colors. Kaolin constitutes nearly one-third the weight of today’s slick sheet magazines.
The significant properties of kaolin of greatest value to the paper industry are whiteness, low viscosity, non-abrasiveness, controlled particle sizes, and flat hexagonal plates. Opacity is an extremely important property to the paper industry. Flow properties or rheology of kaolin clays, especially the kaolin coating clays used in the paper industry, are very important because of their influence on coat weight, smoothness, texture, and other properties.
If one were going to design in a laboratory a coating pigment for the paper industry, it would be white, disperse readily in water, and have low viscosity, be soft, have a fine particle size, and be a thin plate-shaped particle. Nature produced a mineral which has essentially all the above properties, and that mineral is kaolin. It can be readily seen why kaolin is an ingredient essential to the paper industry.


An Ice Age
The Pleistocene is the best-known glacial period (Ice Age) of the earth's history. Its ice sheets at one time covered all of Antarctica, large parts of Europe, North America, and South America, and small areas in Asia. In North America they stretched over Greenland and Canada and over the United States as far south as a line drawn westward from Cape Cod through Long Island, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, along the line of the Ohio and Missouri rivers to North Dakota, and through N Montana, Idaho, and Washington to the Pacific. The ice sheets of Europe radiated from Scandinavia and covered Finland, NW Russia, N Germany, and the British Isles. Glaciers distinct from the main sheets were formed in the Rockies and the Alps. In South America, Patagonia and the S Andes lay under an extension of the antarctic sheet, while in Asia the Caucasus, the Himalayas, and other mountain regions were glaciated.
The glaciation of the Pleistocene was not continuous but consisted of several glacial advances interrupted by interglacial stages, during which the ice retreated and a comparatively mild climate prevailed. In all probability there were actually only four glacial stages, the Iowan and Bradyan being included in the Wisconsin as one complex stage. Carbon-14 analysis of fossils shows that the last glacial period ended about 11,000 years ago.
Sections in this article:
- An Ice Age
- Topographic and Climatic Changes during the Pleistocene
- Fauna of the Pleistocene
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2023, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Geology and Oceanography


Finally, a movie mashup that is out of this world — and galaxy. Brought to…
Do Parallel Universes Really Exist?
In 1954, a young Princeton University doctoral candidate named Hugh Everett III came up with a radical idea: That there exist parallel universes, exactly like our universe. These universes are all related to ours; indeed, they branch off from ours, and our universe is branched off of others. Within these parallel universes, our wars have had different outcomes than the ones we know. Species that are extinct in our universe have evolved and adapted in others. In other universes, we humans may have become extinct.
This thought boggles the mind and yet, it is still comprehensible. Notions of parallel universes or dimensions that resemble our own have appeared in works of science fiction and have been used as explanations for metaphysics. But why would a young up-and-coming physicist possibly risk his future career by posing a theory about parallel universes?
With his Many-Worlds theory, Everett was attempting to answer a rather sticky question related to quantum physics: Why does quantum matter behave erratically? The quantum level is the smallest one science has detected so far. The study of quantum physics began in 1900, when the physicist Max Planck first introduced the concept to the scientific world. Planck’s study of radiation yielded some unusual findings that contradicted classical physical laws. These findings suggested that there are other laws at work in the universe, operating on a deeper level than the one we know.


The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says they are investigating the new variant of the coronavirus in South Africa to determine the impact it will have on the continent.
Scientists have expressed concern over the rapid manner in which the new variant transfers among people – saying the South African variant is mutating at an alarming rate.
This after the Health Department reported the country’s highest daily increase since the start of the pandemic of over 14 000 infections in the past 24-hours. Africa CDC Director John Nkengasong says they will further investigate the variant.
“We all know that there is a new variant of the SARS-Cov2, which was reported in SA last Friday. The Africa CDC is coordinating actions to further investigate the new variant to determine if it is more infectious, more transmissible or has the potential to cause more severe illnesses. Research is being conducted to assess the impact of the mutation on the performance of the existing diagnostic test and vaccines.”
What is the new coronavirus variant?
The World Health Organization (WHO) has sought to explain how the COVID-19 variant, found in South Africa, rapidly transmits among people saying the mutation likely assists the coronavirus to bind to human cells.
The virus mutation in the spike protein known as N501Y- latches easily on to and enters human cells, causing health complications.
There are strong suspicions that the variant may be spreading faster than expected, with officials pleading with the public to ensure they take extra precautions against contracting the virus.
Scientists have warned that the number of coronavirus cases across South Africa is likely to be much higher than the reported figure saying the country is not conducting enough tests for COVID-19.
The Department says it’s evaluating the alarming rise in coronavirus infections across South Africa and is considering making further restriction recommendations for hotspot areas.
Latest SA stats below:


In paraplegia and spinal cord injury, pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) will help these patients in supportive fashion. Obviously, PEMFs will not reverse the spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a very complex problem and it varies tremendously from person to person. From this perspective it is hard to generalize the benefits from one person to the next. In general, however, there may be benefits in improving motor function, pain, basic tissue health, spasticity, and bladder function. In Europe they are using PEMFs in cerebral palsy patients who often share similar features to spinal cord injuries, particularly with spasticity. The tissues below the level of the lesion are often unhealthy because of the lack of appropriate spinal cord nerve “trophic” or nutritional support. These tissues are more prone to breakdown and prolonged wound healing due to these trophic changes. PEMFs protect the tissues by maintaining an optimized level of vitality at the cell level in the skin, muscles, soft tissue, etc. In addition, if there is any risk of tissue breakdown or wounds from pressure issues, these tissues would heal much faster. It is expected that with regular, daily health maintenance use of PEMFs, the tissues would be much less likely to breakdown in the first place. In several of my lymphedema patients, where the tissues are similarly poorly nourished because of inadequate drainage, there is a dramatic reduction of infections. Needless to say, inadequate tissue protection from pressure may trump the potential benefit of PEMFs. In my mind, every para needs to have daily PEMF therapy to optimize health. The challenge of course will be to convince somebody who would expect PEMFs to reverse their injury or to dramatically improve their spinal cord function to use PEMFs, as it is one more thing they need to do. In the long run, though, with simple daily application, PEMFs may save the para a lot of grief and over time even gain additional function. To be able to have any reasonable chance at improving spinal cord function from PEMF therapy, as the spinal cord is still recovering from the injury, PEMFs should be started as soon as possible.
Cell Injury and Anti-Aging


The Environmental Protection Agency is asking for public comments on a risky, unprecedented proposal dismantling the Clean Water Act, America’s bedrock environmental protection that protects your rivers, lakes, creeks, and skinny waters! Read up on our previous blog post about the “Waters of the U.S. Rule.”
When you hear that there are laws like the Clean Water Act that protect our waterways, you might think those laws apply to, well, all our waterways. But in fact, throughout the 21st century there have been constant attempts by polluting industries to change what the very definition of what a waterbody is in order to open more land for dumping.
Essentially, these polluting industries, who have taken over control of regulatory agencies like the EPA, argue that any stream that doesn’t run 365 days a year shouldn’t count as a “water of the United States.”
The Clean Water Act gave us the legal framework to clean the nation’s waterways after decades of neglect had turned some of our rivers into flowing dumps of flammable trash, chemicals, and debris by the 1960s. And it gives any citizen the right to sue polluters to protect our waterways.-Waterkeeper Alliance
This proposal, if finalized, would be the largest dismantling of the Clean Water Act since President Nixon signed it into law in 1972. This proposal isn’t the typical back and forth of “rolling back” regulations passed by the previous administration; this is an absolute bludgeon taken to the original letter and intent of the Clean Water Act which has led to monumental improvements in water quality across the country over the past 45 years.
Please join us in fighting for the heart of the Clean Water Act by filing a comment opposing this rule.
This blog post was written by Justinn Overton, Executive Director


AMR: Use in health care settings, Canada
Published by: The Public Health Agency of Canada
Issue: Volume 46–1: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Date published: January 2, 2020
Submit a manuscript
Volume 46–1, January 2, 2020: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in Canadian hospitals
Text description: Infographic
Antibiotic resistant infections are driving increased mortality and increased costs to the healthcare system.
Rates of resistant bloodstream infections (BSI) associated with high mortality have significantly increased since 2014.
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-BSI increased by 28%
- Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus-BSI increased by 158%
Medical tourism provides opportunities for resistant organisms to spread.
- In 2019, some Canadians who travelled to other countries for medical procedures were exposed to highly drug-resistant bacteria that cause hard to treat infections
There have been 24 cases of Candida auris reported to PHAC since 2014.
- An emerging yeast pathogen associated with invasive infection
The effectiveness of carbapenems, defined by the World Health Organization as an antibiotic of last resort, is threatened by the emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria.
- Hospitals detected an 800% increase in patients harbouring these organisms
Drugs previously reserved as last resort are being purchased more frequently by hospitals.
- Daptomycin purchasing increased by nearly 60% since 2014
The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) is a collaborative effort of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada (AMMI Canada) and the Public Health Agency of Canada. Based on the most recent data available in 2019.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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Using the Windows 8.1 Start Screen
The Windows 8 user interface, or UI for short, is remarkably different from the Windows 7 or previous versions of the operating system you might be used to. By default, the Start screen greets you as soon as you log on to your computer. Before you jump in and start clicking and scrolling, take a few moments to orient yourself to the new interface. Much like learning your way around a new city, navigating Windows 8 has a bit of a learning curve. You must figure out where to find the apps you need and which direction to go to get you where you want to be. Windows 8.1 adds some refinement to the Windows 8 Start screen, and we’ll note the differences when they’re important.
Working with the Start Screen
By default, the starting point any time you log on to your computer is the Windows 8 Start screen. The Start screen displays the most common app tiles—special icons representing installed apps, short for applications. You can also add tiles for desktop programs, such as Microsoft Word, or add shortcuts to web pages, contacts, and more. The Start screen is a jumping-off point for accessing apps, computer settings, and the traditional Windows desktop.
- Click to switch users or edit your account picture.
- App tiles appear as square or rectangular boxes, sometimes showing live data (called Live Tiles).
- Use the scrollbar to navigate through the app tiles.
- Swipe from the right, or move the mouse to the upper-right or lower-right corner of the screen to display the Charms bar.
Opening the Charms bar also displays the current date, time, network, and battery/AC power status.
Move the mouse pointer to the bottom-left corner to display the Start button. Click it to switch to toggle between the active app and the Start screen.


Earthing (sometimes called grounding) is a term used to describe the process of walking barefoot on natural substances such as soil, sand and grass. It is said that the body benefits from earthing because the feet come into direct contact with the electrons present on the Earth’s surface, and these electrons are thought to influence the body’s bioelectrical process, which can decrease stress and increase overall wellness.
Studies have been conducted to show that electrons drawn into the body from earthing can help neutralize free radicals that often cause inflammation and diseases. A handful of studies have shown that earthing has health benefits, including a reduction in stress, better sleep, improved blood circulation, a reduction in chronic pain and an increased function of the immune system. One study on earthing suggests that the practice of walking barefoot on natural surfaces can negate the harmful effects of the electromagnetic fields given off by WiFi waves emitted by devices like cell phones, iPads and computers.
People who have earthed and believe in its benefits may be tempted to try special “grounding” shoes that feature copper contacts in the soles, as the copper is said to better link the body to the earth. There are special grounding mattresses that are said to improve sleep habits.
Many well-known doctors believe in the benefits of earthing, including energy medicine expert Dr. James Oschman, celebrity medical expert Dr. Mehmet Oz and somewhat controversial medical expert Dr. Joseph Mercola. There’s even an organization called Earthing Institute that aims to disseminate knowledge about grounding and its related health benefits.
READ MORE: The Truth About Walking Barefoot — Are Bare Feet Better?
Notice concerning medical entries:
Articles having medical content shall serve exclusively for the purpose of general information. Such articles are not suitable for any (self-) diagnosis and treatment of individual illnesses and medical indications. In particular, they cannot substitute for the examination, advice, or treatment by a licensed physician or pharmacist. No replies to any individual questions shall be effected through the articles.


Spinolestes was another gobiconodontideutriconodont, closely related to Repenomamus but not quite so large. About 25cm long (10″), it’s known from an incredibly well-preserved fossil that includes fine microscopic details of fur, skin, and internal organs. Notably even its external ears were preserved, the earliest known in the fossil record, showing a broad mouse-like shape.
Its coat was made up of both underfur and guard hairs, with a longer mane along its neck and back. There were around a dozen keratinous scales on its rump, under the fur, along with numerous “protospines” – stiff spiky hairs similar to those of modern spiny mice. Some hairs even show damage that matches symptoms of a fungal infection.
It also had strong forelimbs and a reinforced spine similar to both modern xenarthrans and hero shrews. It was likely an insectivore, and may have used its strong back much like hero shrews are thought to do, pushing under heavy logs and rocks and levering them up to find invertebrate prey underneath.
Living during the Early Cretaceous of China (125-122 mya), Repenomamus was part of a branch of the eutriconodonts known as gobiconodontids. These relatively big mammals were specialized carnivores, with strong bone-crushing jaws and their incisor teeth modified into long fang-like shapes.
Repenomamus giganticus was roughly the size of a modern wolverine, about 1m long (3′3″). A second species in the same genus, Repenomamus robustus, was about two-thirds that size but still among some of the largest known Mesozoic mammals.
Since it was larger than some of the dinosaurs it lived alongside, it’s likely to have eaten some of them – and one specimen of R. robustus was actually found with the bones of a juvenile Psittacosaurus in its stomach.


Threatened Golden Eagle tagged and released in Prespa National Park in Albania
On 13 April 2021, a Golden Eagle was released at the Prespa National Park in a ceremony recognizing the threatened status of the emblematic bird and national symbol of Albania.
The Golden Eagle was found in the Skrapar area last February, injured by a shot and unable to fly. The bird was brought to the rehabilitation center for wild birds in Divjaka-Karavasta National Park. After two months the eagle was ready to fly again in the skies of Shqipëria, the Land of the Eagles, as Albania is called by its inhabitants. Golden Eagles can rarely be observed in the wild. The National Agency of Protected Areas (AKZM)therefore turned the bird’s unfortunate situation into an opportunity. Supported by experts and the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve of Prespa project, a GPS tracking device was placed on the back of the majestic bird.
This is the first time ever that such a Golden Eagle has become the subject of a scientific study on its airways in Albania. Biodiversity experts and AkZM will be able to monitor and study the habitats of the bird for years to come. Even though the Golden Eagle represents Albanian national pride, it has become threatened due to poaching and disturbance of its nesting habitats. The bird lives in hilly and mountainous areas, and prefers habitats with rocks and trees as can be found in the heights of Prespa National Park.
The Prespa project is financed by KFW Development Bank and implemented by GFA Consulting Group. It aims at the preservation of the natural and cultural values of the Reserve’s globally recognized biodiversity hotspot in line with the socio-economic development dimension in the Prespa region. The project’s phase II, 2018 – 2022, focuses on the reduction of the pressure on natural resources and biological diversity, on poverty reduction and livelihood improvements of the local population.
Project in brief


University of Waikato research reveals Kiwis attitudes to encryption.
This comes in the wake of Australia’s controversial law change compelling companies to grant police and security services access to encrypted messages.
An ongoing study by researchers at the University of Waikato has found that New Zealanders place the highest value on privacy, data protection, information security, and trust. These are closely followed by national security and public safety and right to property as the top principles and values concerning encryption.
The results confirm that people primarily use encryption to protect the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of their information and communications. However, people also recognise that the use of this technology affects public interest values such as national security and effective law enforcement.
The perennial conflict between human rights and law enforcement concerns is known as the encryption dilemma. The researchers believe that focusing on the principles and values of encryption, most especially trust, may help solve this problem.
As Dr Michael Dizon explains, “Trust cuts across and connects the different principles, values and uses of encryption. Users have to be able to: first, trust that the technology is safe and secure; second, trust companies with their privacy and security; and, finally, trust the government to respect their human rights”.
According to the researchers, it is crucial to take into account and build trust when developing laws and policies on encryption. “If governments decide to require backdoors in encryption, then no one will trust or use it because it’s insecure. If law enforcement agencies are granted the power to compel people to disclose their encryption passwords, this could result in greater mistrust of government”.
The principal investigators of the study are Dr Michael Dizon, Associate Professor Wayne Rumbles and Associate Professor Ryan Ko, who are members of the law and computer science faculties of the University of Waikato. Their findings are based on an analysis of data gathered from focus group discussions held with representatives from businesses, government, and the general public around the country.
The study is funded by the New Zealand Law Foundation’s Information Law and Policy Project (ILAPP), which is intended to explore and develop law and policy to help New Zealand adapt to future changes in the information age, and the University of Waikato’s Strategic Investment Fund – Research.


The structural units of the Bowen Basin within the subregion boundary include the south-east Taroom Trough, up to the Roma Shelf. Coal seams of the Bowen Basin are classified into four distinct groups (numbered I through IV) (Mallett et al., 1995, p. 305). Group I is the oldest and is highly variable in thickness and lithology with some good quality coking and non-coking coal towards the northern part of the basin. Group II consists of several unconnected deposits of coal with variable properties, some of which are of economic interest. Group III contains high grade coking coal that is laterally extensive and consists of multiple seams. Group IV has the most diverse quality coal and is most widely distributed having formed in river, lake and marshy environments and although quality and rank can vary, contains coking and non-coking coal of major economic importance. The coal-bearing formations are better developed and thicker in the central and northern Bowen Basin, compared to the southern basin, which is included in the Maranoa-Balonne-Condamine subregion boundary. The coal deposits north of the subregion boundary are not assessed in this bioregional assessment.
In the south-west of the basin, although north of the subregion boundary, the economic coal deposits of the Bandanna Formation are locally developed with up to four coal seams present in an area that outcrops 15 km west of Rolleston (Mallett et al., 1995, p. 325). The coal seams are up to 6 m thick and have vitrinite reflectance values of 0.56 to 0.61%, and volatile matter contents between 27 and 32% (Mallett et al., 1995, p. 325).
Product Finalisation date
- 1.2.1 Available coal and coal seam gas resources
- 1.2.2 Current activity and tenements
- 184.108.40.206 Coal
- 220.127.116.11 Coal seam gas
- 1.2.3 Proposals and exploration
- 18.104.22.168 Coal
- 22.214.171.124 Coal seam gas
- 1.2.4 Catalogue of potential resource developments
- Contributors to the Technical Programme
- About this technical product


Create a “Missing” Poster for Artifacts
Inspired by Carmen Sandiego™ Episode 7, kids create “missing” posters for the Magna Carta and other items that VILE has stolen.
Help Find “Stolen” Items!
Carmen Sandiego chases down items that VILE agents steal. In Episode 7, this includes the Magna Carta! Kids learn more about important historical and cultural artifacts by creating “missing” posters for the ones VILE has stolen throughout the series.
Kids create a poster describing the Magna Carta or another one of VILE’s stolen objects.
Estimated Time: 30–45 minutes
Materials Needed: Art supplies
- Instruct your kids that they will be making missing item posters for the Magna Carta or another one of VILE’s stolen objects, such as a Vermeer painting, a gold doubloon, or the Eye of Vishnu diamond. Each poster should include a sketch of the missing object, a detailed description of what it looks like, and an explanation of why it’s valuable.
- If needed, allow students to do further research about the items they chose.
Map Quest: Journey Across India
Inspired by Carmen Sandiego Episode 7, kids estimate the distance and time it would take to travel between places.
Create a Timeline of Democracy
Inspired by Carmen Sandiego Episode 7, kids design a timeline of important events in the spread of democratic ideals.


Frederick Childe Hassam was an influential American Impressionist painter born on October 17, 1859, in Dorchester, Massachusetts. His urban and coastal scenes were highly successful and instrumental in popularizing Impressionism to American collectors, dealers, and museums. Hassam studied at the Boston Art School before traveling to Paris to study under two academic artists.
While in Paris, Hassam was exposed to the vibrant European art scene and began experimenting with new styles that blended European and American influences. He eventually became a founding member of The Ten group of artists devoted to promoting modern techniques and subject matter within the art world.
By the end of his career, Hassam had produced several thousands of artworks spanning various mediums including lithographs, etchings, prints, and paintings. This large body of work earned him numerous awards and widespread recognition from major museums across the United States.
Today, Frederick Childe Hassam is remembered as one of America’s greatest Impressionist painters whose contributions inspired future generations of artists. His works continue to be admired for their vivid colors, expert use of light on canvass surfaces so smooth they appear almost photographic instead painted.
All Childe Hassam Artwork on Artchive
|The Manhattan Club (the Stewart Mansion)||c. 1891||Oil On Canvas|
|Winter in Union Square||1892||Oil on Canvas|
|Charles River and Beacon Hill||1890 - 1892||Oil on Canvas|
|Allies Day, May 1917||1917||Oil on Canvas|


World’s-first Biofilm biofertilizer developed by scientists led by Senior Research Professor Gamini Seneviratne of the NIFS, Sri Lanka
Extent covered: For the on-going 2022 Yala Season, Biofilm Biofertilizer is supplied to about 80,000 hectares (200,000 acres) of paddy cultivation, in Kurunegala, Gampaha, Galle, Kilinochchi, Vavuniya, Mannar and Mullativu Districts under the Government’s subsidy programme.
Biofilm biofertilizer is the Most Technologically Advanced biofertilizer product being applied to the largest land extent of paddy under the Government’s biofertilizer subsidy programme.
Annual Production Capacity of Biofilm biofertilizer is 1 million litres (i.e. for about 1 million acres, which is about 30% of annual paddy cultivation of the country).
Biofilm biofertilizer products are available for Paddy, Tea, Vegetables and Maize.
Outside the above-mentioned districts, the product is also available in Fertilizer shops in following districts - N’eliya, Ampara, Puttalam, Kalutara and Colombo.


Independence Day of Mexico
Mexico got independence from Spain in 1810. Mexico was ruled by Kingdom of Spain for over 300 years. Mexico was once known as “New Spain”. During that time only Spaniards were allowed to hold political posts.
On September 16, 1810, a Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang his church’s bell and delivered a spectacular speech now known as the “Grito de Dolores” meaning of that is “Cry of Dolores”. He demanded the end of Spanish rule, which started the greatest Mexican war of Independence, which lasted over a decade.
On August 24, 1821, after 11 years of Spanish rule. Rulers of Kingdom of Spain left Mexico and officially recognized Mexico as an independent country. Today Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is known as the Father of Independence. Independence of Mexico has been celebrated since that special day on September 16, 1810.
On this auspicious day, Mexicans celebrates the day with flag waving, patriotic speeches, parades, home cooked feasts and live music. on this day you can see Mexican flags everywhere in the country. Not only Mexico, you can also see Mexican flags in United States of America where Mexican population is more.
Mexicans have been celebrating the independence day for 200 years. This year Mexicans celebrating their 201st Independence day.
Mexicans in United States
Mexicans are the largest population of Hispanic origin in the United States of America. According to the 2017 survey, Mexicans accounting for 62% of the total Hispanic population in the United States of America. 11.3 % of total United States population is Mexican. 61.5% of all Latino Americans population is Mexican. After Mexico, the most Mexicans live in United States of America. 24% of the entire Mexican population of the world is in the US. Over 60% of the Mexicans reside in the states of California and Texas.
Regions with significant Mexican population
- New Mexico
Regions with emerging Mexican population
- Upper Midwest
- New York metropolitan area
- North Carolina


Every time you sit in your car and turn on the engine, you are putting your health and the health of those with you in danger. This is how…
When you leave the car outside, you always close the windows. But even if you leave it in a nice shade, it can accumulate 400-800 mg of benzene.
If you park the car in the sun, in a temperature higher than 16 degrees Celsius, the level of benzene can reach 2000-4000 mg, which is 40 times more than the permitted level.
By sitting in a car that had closed windows, people inhale the benzene, not knowing that this toxin affects the kidneys, the liver and the bone tissue. Furthermore, it takes a lot of time and effort for our organisms to eliminate it.
The cars’ manuals state that we should open the car’s windows before turning on the A/C, but they don’t explain why, except that it is good for the performance of the car.
The results of the research show that before it starts to cool the air, the air conditioner ejects all the heated air out, and with it – the benzene, a toxin that causes cancer.
Therefore, when you sit in your car, even if you don’t notice any smell of a heated plastic, open the windows for a few minutes and then turn on the A/C. And when you turn on the car, leave the windows open for a few more minutes.
Continue practicing this habit while you are in your car in order to protect your organism from toxins, because the consequences can be extremely tragic.
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We are beginning to hit our stride. It’s apparent that the children love to be back on campus with one another and their teachers. It’s so healthy for them socially and emotionally to be together and build community. We are also doing our best to make sure that our distant learners feel included and stay involved with our classroom activities and have social and work opportunities with their peers. It’s tricky, but thanks to the efforts of Mary Irey and the generosity of our school community, we now have the technology to help with this effort. Here are a couple of pictures that demonstrate how on-site learners work with distant learners. With our new classroom laptop and a mini projector, students are able to collaborate on various projects.
Every morning at 8:30, with the webcam perched high up to capture the whole room, the Classcam goes ‘live’, allowing distant learners to join us (if they so choose) via Zoom as we assemble and get ready for the day. Distant learners are also able to join us during recess or anytime we are playing or working outside. Here’s a picture of our classroom having a lesson under one of our outdoor classroom tents – another opportunity for distant learners to join us.
Every morning, I post the daily lesson schedule on our Google Classroom. Students can conveniently see which lessons they are in and the Zoom link is posted for each lesson. As you can see in the picture, we can even do this during a science experiment. We place the webcam on top of our pulley system (which students built last year), giving the proper vantage point for distant learners to see the materials.
Speaking of science, students are engaged in a variety of lessons and work. We are covering aspects of botany, human anatomy, earth science and biology. As far as other work and activities in the classroom are concerned, the 6th years have begun the work of Montessori Model United Nations (MMUN). The students will be representing the country of the Czech Republic when they participate in a March virtual conference with thousands of upper elementary Montessori students from around the world. This opportunity also affords our 6th years to work and collaborate with UEN 6th years virtually.


This is a Gospel about Andrew and John who were neighboring fishermen on the Sea of Galilee. Andrew and his bother Simon worked a boat with their father Jonah, while John worked with his brother James, both sons of Zebedee. It seems that the two teams worked opposite ends of the same long seining net.
It must have been a down season for fishing, because Andrew and John got permission from their fathers to go south to where the prophet John was baptizing people in the Jordan. Thinking that John might be the promised Messiah, they attached themselves to him, perhaps helping old people out to be baptized by John.
One day Jesus passed by, and pointing to him, John said, “Behold the Lamb of God.” At that, Andrew and his neighbor boy left John the Baptist, and they followed after Jesus.
Being simple young fellows, Andrew and John kept their distance. Jesus turned and asked, “What are you looking for?”
You should imagine yourself as a companion to Andrew and John. You should imagine Jesus putting that same question to you. Have you any real goal? What are you doing about attaining that goal?
What the boys answered was, “Rabbi, where are you staying?”
Jesus said, “Come and see.”
So, “they went and stayed with him.”
The word “stay” is the key word to John’s Gospel. On average it occurs more than twice a page. It’s importance is that John’s Gospel is about the state of Sanctifying Grace by which we abide in Jesus as he abides in us.
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No consensus exists on a definition of wellbeing, but it is usually defined as a multidimensional concept encompassing physical, mental and social domains.
People need sufficient income from the state and/or work for meaningful participation in their community and to live a life with dignity. Health shocks (such as major illness or major injury) to oneself or an immediate family member can happen to anyone and can have a devastating impact on someone’s income and ability to work, as well as being highly stressful. Health shocks have a greater impact on low-income families (Islam & Parasnis, 2017).
Social assistance benefits play a significant role in supporting individuals who are unable to work or whose capacity to work is limited (Immervoll et al, 2015). The primary purpose of health and disability benefits is to support people in a difficult position to survive financially. There are large financial short-falls for people with work-limiting health conditions or disabilities from birth or childhood as well as those developed as an adult. If payments are set too high, they can act as a disincentive to enter work; but if they are set too low, the risk of poverty increases for those individuals and families who are not working (Make Work Pay Interdepartmental Group, 2017).


The abortive Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against Communist rule, which brought 38,000 refugees to Canada can justifiably be recorded as part of our history; all levels of Canadian governments a came to the aid of the newcomers and both earlier immigrants from Hungary and native born Canadians responded quickly with donations of cash and clothing.
Many who came to these shores in 1956 have achieved fame and fortune; many decided to remain here. There was Robert Lantos whose record for making good Canadian films is high on a very small elite list. Theres Peter Munk who early during his time here creates superior high-fidelity sound products and now is one of the worlds leading mining magnates.
The late great poet George Faludy, who died last month at 95, sojourned here for many years went back to Hungary then recently planned to return to Canada. This month a small park in Toronto has been named after him.
Not only did long established Hungarian immigrants like doctors John and Paul Rekai help the newcomers but also native-born Canadians were quick to respond with financial aid and gifts in kind.
Beginning September 27, the University of Torontos Munk Centre for International Studies hosted a four-day conference examining the impact of the revolution on global affairs. Co-sponsors were the Multicultural History Society of Ontario and OMNI Television.
The first day of the conference also saw the unveiling of Hungarian Exodus an exhibit, the work of foreign photographers who stayed in Hungary to record the revolution and descriptive panels of the contribution of Canadians to the 38.000 who came here.
Hungarian Exodus will tour many countries throughout the world.


PA Covered Device Recycling Act
The Pennsylvania Covered Device Recycling Act was enacted in 2010 and requires consumers to keep “covered devices”, such as computers, laptops, monitors, and televisions, out of the trash.
Covered devices – a covered computer device and covered television marketed and intended for use by a consumer. A covered computer device is a computer (desktop, laptop), computer monitor, and computer peripheral (printer, keyboard, mouse, or any other device sold exclusively for external use with a computer that provides input or output into or from a computer). A covered television is a television with screen size greater than 4 inches measured diagonally.
Perkasie Borough Public Works Department does not collect televisions and computer equipment (laptops, monitors, CPU’s, printers, scanners, keyboards, mouses, speakers, cables and battery backups, etc) for disposal in the waste stream. These items, if placed at the curb, will be left at the curb.
Disposing of Your Electronics:
Perkasie business “PC Repair & Recycling” host regular events where they collect electronics items. You can reach them at (215) 257-7727.
Disposing of Hazardous Waste
The Bucks County Planning Commission publishes information about Household Hazardous Waste Recycling in Bucks County. Please click the link for dates and locations.
Disposing of appliances that contain Freon:
Perkasie Borough does not collect or accept appliances that contain Freon, such as refrigerators, freezers, dehumidifiers and air conditioners even if the Freon is thought to be removed from the appliance. Ask the dealer where you purchased your new appliance about removal of the old appliance or contact your local dealer about removal.


One of the most popular dog breeds in the United States for decades, golden retrievers have a rich history that originates in the Scottish Highlands. The golden retriever is a highly adaptable and all-around sporting dog known for their affectionate temperaments and luxurious golden coats.
In the late 19th century, Sir Dudley Marjoribanks, who later became the first Baron Tweedmouth, sought to create the definitive retriever for rainy weather. The baron crossed a “yellow retriever” with a Tweed water spaniel and set out to develop a medium-sized breed with a water-repellant coat that was serious about hunting waterfowl and game. And so, the golden retriever was born. Literally.
Goldens were first recognized by the American Kennel Club as “Flat-coated Retriever, Golden” in 1903 and soon caught on as outstanding performance and conformation (dog show) event contenders. The official breed standard states that a goldens’ head should be strong and sturdy with dark eyes, short ears and a broad muzzle that is often described as “soft,” for the way they carry game, toys, sticks or even clothing without damaging whatever they pick up.
In the years after World War I, golden retrievers increased in popularity and spread throughout the Western world. They now count themselves as one of the most common breeds largely due to their friendly nature and willingness to learn, which make them ideal for obedience trials, as search and rescue dogs and as excellent candidates for therapy dogs.
Goldens have boundless energy and often exhibit puppylike behavior well into adulthood. Because of this exuberance, goldens need plenty of exercise and running to calm them down. But when given a job that keeps them engaged, this “friendly, reliable and trustworthy,” breed will become loyal companions to any family.
RELATED POST: Behind the Breed: Welsh Corgi
The information in this blog has been developed with our veterinarian and is designed to help educate pet parents. If you have questions or concerns about your pet's health or nutrition, please talk with your veterinarian.


November 26 2022 NEW YORK, New York – Germany announced their planning to pass a resolution, declaring Holodomor the starvation of millions of Ukrainians under Joseph Stalin a genocide, according to a draft resolution unveiled on Friday.
The draft document will be heard next Wednesday in the Bundestag, the German parliament.
Between 1932 and 1933, around 3.5 million Ukrainians had died in a man-made Stalin’s famine , meaning “extermination by starvation” in Ukrainian.
Russia continues to deny Holodomor was a genocide, as they destroyed monuments in Ukrainian cities they illegally occupied.
On November 19th, hundreds of Ukrainian-Americans attended a special remembrance mass at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Midtown in remembrance of the Holodomor.
The event started with a somber march of rememberance from St. George Ukrainian church in the East Village, led by a truck with a large bell that repeatedly tolled as they slowly processed up 3rd Avenue to St Patrick’s Cathedral. They were led by Ukrainian-American veterans who held flags of both countries.
At St Patrick’s Cathedral a Ukrainian memorial mass was held and a procession held where Ukrainian children and even Holodomor survivors left wheat on an altar at the front.
US Senate Majority Leader, Chuck Schumer addressed the large crowd in attendance for the Holodomor mass, saying “…Just as Stalin failed, so will Putin.” Also in attendance were several wounded Ukrainian soldiers who recently were flown to the United States for prosthetics treatment.
The Holodomor was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the country.
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Is it safe to say that you are thinking about how to learn Hindi? Or on the other hand would you say you are beginning a Hindi course? Before you plunge into learning Hindi, it may assist you with knowing a couple of things about the language overall. Here is a rundown of six things to be aware of Hindi. Realizing them will make your Hindi course more straightforward and will assist you with finding how to learn Hindi.
1. Word Order. In Hindi, there is some opportunity in word request. Word situation can change for reasons of style or accentuation, yet not generally so much as in different dialects that are all the more intensely arched. In Hindi, the action word normally comes toward the finish of the sentence. In a straightforward sentence, the word request of a sentence is for the most part
Hindi uses postpositions rather than relational words. That is, the word follows the thing as opposed to going before it. Modifiers go before things, as in English and German, however dissimilar to Romance dialects like French.
2. Case. Hindi is a feebly arched language. That implies that, albeit the endings of a thing will let you know its job in a sentence, the classes are wide. Hindi has three cases:
the immediate case is utilized for the subject of a sentence and for different things that are not trailed by a postposition
the slanted case is utilized for things i hate you ka hindi that are trailed by a relational word
a few things have a different vocative case, the type of the thing utilized when the thing is utilized as a type of address.
Particular and plural things are not generally discernable.
3. Sexual orientation. Hindi things perceive two sexual orientations, manly and ladylike. The manly sexual orientation is utilized for male individuals and creatures and for different articles considered by utilization “manly.” Similarly, the ladylike sex is utilized for female individuals and creatures and for different items considered by use “female.”


The above image map shows the main topics covered in this module.
If you examine the natural process of communication, the MESSAGE is the first element you encounter. After all, you would need to know the actual story before you could tell it.
Message development begins with an understanding of the basic premise or CONCEPT behind the MediaNet method of creating content.
Then, by focusing on CHARACTER, you will learn the how those involved in the message, the presenter as well as the audience, interact as the story unfolds toward a lasting impression. It is here that you will discover how to target similarities in people, rather than differences, to insure that your message makes the greatest impact.
In the CONSTRUCTION of the argument you will learn about objectives, calls to action, opening hooks and timely grabs. You will see how a number of different tools, such as an affinity diagram, can be used to capture ideas. A variety of different scripts, from problem-solution to matching ideals, allow you to formulate the most effective way to shape the message.
But the overall CONSISTENCY of the script is what makes it have a long-term effect. You will learn how to develop a message that works across a variety of audiences and can be delivered by a number of different presenters. To maintain this focus, you will discover how to create a through-line of action in order to advance both the logic and the emotion of your story.
NOTE: When this module is released, some of the more detailed sub-topics shown above may change slightly.


Computers didn’t come from space, did they? Come from the future? No, of course, they didn’t. So where did they come from? In 1974, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry systems invented something called a microcomputer called the Altair 8800. Became so popular that it was published on the cover of Popular Electronics in January of 1975.
A little history on this and that is a calculator to start with. The kit sold for $175, unassembled, and $275 assembled. Which was six large scale integrated circuit chips that made the calculator? Over time this evolves to something great.
This little microchip wasn’t that powerful but he decided to use the Intel 8080, and Intel was focused on selling memory chips by the thousands and Intel wanted$360 dollars for them. But Ed Roberts negotiated it down to $75, not to bad.
He, Ed Roberts, told a banker that he could sell up to 800 units, but in January MITS was flooded with questions and orders That Roberts was just focused on selling the computer.
The computer came with the following:
- 1024 word (1024 byte) memory board populated with 256 bytes.
You could upgrade to the following:
- 4k Basic language, 4096 words of memory for $60
- 8K basic language, word of memory for $75
The boards used something called dynamic Ram.
Here is what it looked like.
A little Video
So this little Gadget was the start of something great.


Network Builder tutorials
Using the Network Builder
This exercise shows how to make model networks of artificial cells, such as pulse generators (network stimulator or “NetStim” cells) and integrate & fire cells, and hybrid nets that contain both artificial cells and cells that have biophysical properties (what some might call “realistic” model cells).
One feature of the Network Builder deserves special mention : it can write a hoc file that specifies the network you built with it. This hoc file shows how to use the various statements that are necessary to construct networks algorithmically. By studying such examples, you can learn how to write your own code to implement much larger nets. Another possible use of the Network Builder is to make microcircuits that can be turned into templates for a more modular approach to construction of large scale models.
Introduction to network construction
Before you start either tutorial, you absolutely should read this.
Tutorial 1 : making a network that contains only artificial neurons
This introduces material that you will need to know before moving on to the second tutorial.
Tutorial 2 : making a hybrid net that contains both artificial and “real” neurons
Before starting this one, make sure you know how to use the CellBuilder (if you haven’t already done so, you might want to get the CellBuilder tutorial and work through it).
This link will get you a pkzipped collection of these html files and images.


Over the next several months, we’ll be adding a number of educational resources related to the scenes and events in the book.
We will cover a variety of topic areas, such as: recipes, vocabulary, navigation, math, literature, ships, places, medicine, people, events, technology, and more.
Teacher’s Guide – a guide to help inspire classroom and homeschool discussion and research activities related to the historical setting of the book.
STEM Activities – these STEM/STEAM activities are add-ons to the main Teacher’s Guide, but they can also stand on their own. Activities will include cooking/baking, solving navigation problems, laying on supplies, training with the cannons, constructing a model ship, acting out a scene from the story, and more!
Book Research – posts about some of the research that went into writing particular parts of the book. Includes the blog series “Behind the Line”.
Glossary – a listing of the naval and pirate-y terms and definitions as found in the book.
Story Timeline – the timeline of major story events paired with those from the real world that influenced Emma’s travels on the New Adventure.
Pirate Games – as part of our interest in pirates and the world they lived in, we have also created some education games and activities.


SCHOOL: Sonnagh | ADDRESS: Sonnagh Old, Co. Galway
St Brigid stands next to St Patrick as the greatest of our Irish Saints. She was born at Faughart near the present town of Dundalk.
In those late years a beautiful shrine has been built over the birthplace of St Brigid and thousands of pilgrims visit it every year on her feastday.
Many customs are done in this place in honour of St Brigid. The people in this village make crosses of rushes and also of timber.
On St Brigid’s eve the man-of-the-house would hide a garment outside lest Brigid and her companions may be seeking for clothes and if so they would find the garment.
There was a man not far from this village who used to go out at all hours of the night on St Brigid’s Eve to see if he would see St Brigid.
On St Brigid’s day it is said that if the sunbeam comes the snow may be expected before May Day.
One day St Brigid went to the King of Leinster and asked him to give here a piece of land which she wanted to build a church on. At first he refused her but she asked him to give her as much as her garment would cover. She then spread her garment on the ground and it then started spreading and spreading until it nearly covered the whole of Leinster.
The King told her to stop and he gave her the land to build the church.
The people of this village always put up small crosses made of timber on St Brigid’s night.
“The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0059, Page 0341” by Dúchas © National Folklore Collection, UCD is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0


Grand Canyon fire spreads, 17 May 2000
by ENN (Environmental News Network), 17 May 2000
Winds gusting up to 50 mph helped prevent a 10,000-acre wildfire from moving further north of the Grand Canyon.
However, the overall acreage of the fire, which started out as a prescribed burn, still grew on Tuesday, and the high winds prevented helicopters from fighting the fire by air, officials said.
Vicki Allred, a spokeswoman for Grand Canyon National Park, said western winds drove the flames over and down the canyon’s North Rim, which has less forestry, and away from birch and fir trees to the north even while expanding the acreage.
The Outlet fire, which began as a 1,500-acre prescribed burn on April 25, was driven out of control by high winds a week ago. The prescribed fire was designed to help rejuvenate forested areas and prevent future wildfires.
Allred called it 43 percent contained on Tuesday but said it burned about 1,000 feet below the rim in some areas before losing momentum as the number of trees dwindled. The South Rim of the Grand Canyon, the side on which the vast majority of visitors go, remained open.
About 900 firefighters and support personnel battled the fire Tuesday afternoon, and Allred said officials hoped for more. “This remains a very dangerous fire, especially if the winds shift,” she said.
Elsewhere, firefighters were nearing full containment on a 9,359-acre wildfire in the Tonto National Forest in central Arizona east of Phoenix. The fire was 95 percent contained Tuesday and should be fully contained by tonight, said forest spokesman Jim Payne.
The number of firefighters had been reduced to 36 as crews were sent to the Grand Canyon and to battle New Mexico fires such as one the destroyed hundreds of homes in Los Alamos.


Using breath work can lead to a calm mind, increased energy levels, and improved overall health.
One of the core principles of yoga is based on breath work – focusing and controlling the breath and finding balance through breath. It is common to hold one’s breath when one is stressed. The breath is one of the most powerful tools at our disposal for self-regulation, energy increase, and improved overall well-being. Belisa Vranich, Psy.D., author of the book Breathe, says, “We’ve diminished our capacity [for breathing] so thoroughly that we are only using the very top of the lungs – just barely getting by.”
Studies indicate the great impact that awareness and regulation of breath can have on a person’s health, including decreased blood pressure, increased cognitive performance and reduced stress levels. Using the power of breath to manage stress levels could help you in managing insomnia, anxiety and panic attacks, which are all often closely related to high stress levels
In using breath mindfully and skillfully, you can support the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which in turn ensures healthy physiological responses.
Here’s how it works:
When you focus on your breath in yoga, the control of the breath shifts from the brain stem to the cerebral cortex due to the awareness level. The mind then becomes quieter and a sense of peace and calm takes over. As a direct result, stress levels and overwhelming thoughts lessen. Energy then begins to flow more freely, working through any emotional and physical blockages and giving the body and mind some freedom. Breath essentially has a very intimate relationship with the overall movement of energy throughout our bodies.
Physically, breath work is also related to our structural alignment and the manners in which we hold and move our bodies. Breath awareness can help to eliminate joint compression and other imbalances from postures and movements.
Because of the interconnectedness of the mind and breath, breath gives us a tool that we can explore and work with to find emotional balance and improve our overall well-being.
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