World Water Day 2023: Accelerating Change
On 22 March 2023, the Army joins the world in recognizing the importance of water to our Soldiers, missions, and communities by commemorating World Water Day and promoting this year’s theme: “Accelerating Change.”
Army resilience requires safe and reliably accessible water. In fiscal year 2022, Army installations used over 30.4 billion gallons of potable water and approximately 6.8 billion gallons of non-potable water. Water is critical not only for sustaining life, but also plays an essential role in Army missions such as industrial base manufacturing, equipment maintenance and operations, facility heating and cooling, firefighting, and land management.
The Army must continue to protect access to water from ever-increasing man-made and natural threats. It is now recognized that the homeland may no longer be a sanctuary, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine demonstrates that adversaries are willing to target civilian and military infrastructure. Additionally, many of the most immediate impacts from the changing climate will be felt in the water cycle, whether due to drought, flooding, sea level rise, or changes in water storage, such as snowpack. Drought compounds wildfire risks, threatening training land access and usability.
Many Army installations are at the forefront of water sustainability and resilience. In fiscal year 2022, the Army preserved drinking water by capturing, treating, and re-utilizing nearly 690 million gallons from alternative sources such as rainwater and re-treated water. The increasingly complex threat environment means the Army must continuously consider and improve how installations access, use, and re-use water. Accelerating change requires further innovation and partnerships with utilities, communities, regional groups, industry, academia, and research institutions.
Water resilience is vital to the accomplishment of the Army’s mission to fight and win the nation’s wars. It is everyone’s responsibility to recognize water’s importance to mission, and identify opportunities for conserving, protecting, and sustaining critical water resources. The Army of 2030 will be built upon today’s water management.


In 1990, the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon uncovered a small shrine within a house on the ramparts of Tel Ashkelon, located on Israel’s Mediterranean coast. Inside a ceramic vessel rested a small calf figurine. Made of bronze and gilded with silver, the calf had a detached leg but was missing only its left ear. Although the calf itself was virtually intact, the vessel surrounding it lay in pieces.
The calf was sent to the Israel Museum for restoration. After cleaning and stabilizing the metal, specialists determined that the calf was composed of a bronze alloy of copper, lead, tin, and arsenic. However, its ears, horns, and tail were made of pure copper. It was once fully covered with a thin sheet of silver, portions of which remain. Most of its body had been cast as a single piece, but the right foreleg (found detached) and the left hind leg had been cast separately and joined to the body, as had the copper appendages. The figurine measures about 4 inches long and 4 inches high. Judging by the tenons at the end of its legs, the calf would have been mounted on a platform.
Pieced back together, the conical ceramic vessel had a beehive-shaped top, flat bottom, and rectangular doorway. The door, which once fit into this space, is missing. Standing about 10 inches tall, the vessel would have served as the calf’s house.
The shrine dates to c. 1650–1600 B.C.E., during the Middle Bronze Age when Ashkelon was a Canaanite city. The calf likely was a religious item associated with the Canaanite storm god Ba‘al.


If there is a place for writing in the art room, this is it! The famous use of visual verbal journals by Leonardo Da Vinci shows examples of how visual art combined with the written word can give artists an outlet and viewers insight into the mind and perspective of the artist. The Visual Verbal Journal Art Lesson Plan is cross-curricular, bringing together visual and language arts.
Visual Verbal Journal Art Project
This lesson plan uses a mixed media journal, colored tissue paper, tempera sticks, and other decorative pieces to give students the freedom to create their own unique journals and experiment with different mediums.
Words are an important part of an artist’s expression in visual verbal journaling. The mixed media sketch pad supports both wet and dry mediums and techniques. Students may even develop an interest in creating an ongoing journal full of artistic ideas and inspiration.
View Free Lesson Plan Teachable Webinar
Tips for Creating Visual Verbal Journals
Students may have difficulty stepping outside their comfort zone. But once they have seen examples of visual verbal journals and spent time considering their perspective and vision, they should be ready to start. Here are some tips to give them as they begin the project:
- Don’t be afraid to experiment with different mediums to explore things like color, texture, and patterns.
- Consider layering words, sketches, and images to create a more complex image and feeling.
- Change up the writing. Choose to include different fonts, sizes, colors, and even languages.
More Art Projects
Creating a visual verbal journal can be as simple as sketches and descriptions. The journal’s look, feel, and experience are completely up to the individual. If you’re looking for more art projects and ideas to challenge your students, check out our other lesson plans!
Share Your Star Students Artwork
We love student art! Give your students an opportunity to shine. Submit their artwork to be considered for our next Featured Student Artist and a chance to win a merchandise certificate worth $250 for the student and the teacher who inspired them. Original artwork from students of all grade levels is eligible, and the online submission process is simple.
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“Although self-compassion may seem similar to self-esteem, they are different in many ways. Self-esteem refers to our sense of self-worth, perceived value, or how much we like ourselves. While there is little doubt that low self-esteem is problematic and often leads to depression and lack of motivation, trying to have higher self-esteem can also be problematic. In modern Western culture, self-esteem is often based on how much we are different from others, how much we stand out or are special. It is not okay to be average, we have to feel above average to feel good about ourselves. This means that attempts to raise self-esteem may result in narcissistic, self-absorbed behavior, or lead us to put others down in order to feel better about ourselves. We also tend to get angry and aggressive towards those who have said or done anything that potentially makes us feel bad about ourselves. The need for high self-esteem may encourage us to ignore, distort or hide personal shortcomings so that we can’t see ourselves clearly and accurately. Finally, our self-esteem is often contingent on our latest success or failure, meaning that our self-esteem fluctuates depending on ever-changing circumstances.
“In contrast to self-esteem, self-compassion is not based on self-evaluations. People feel compassion for themselves because all human beings deserve compassion and understanding, not because they possess some particular set of traits (pretty, smart, talented, and so on). This means that with self-compassion, you don’t have to feel better than others to feel good about yourself. Self-compassion also allows for greater self-clarity, because personal failings can be acknowledged with kindness and do not need to be hidden. Moreover, self-compassion isn’t dependent on external circumstances, it’s always available – especially when you fall flat on your face! Research indicates that in comparison to self-esteem, self-compassion is associated with greater emotional resilience, more accurate self-concepts, more caring relationship behavior, as well as less narcissism and reactive anger.”


The importance of antibiotic stewardship is increasingly emphasized in accordance with the increasing incidences of multidrug-resistant organisms and accompanying increases in disease burden. This review describes the obstacles in operating an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP), and whether the use of biomarkers within currently available resources can help. Surveys conducted around the world have shown that major obstacles to ASPs are shortages of time and personnel, lack of appropriate compensation for ASP operation, and lack of guidelines or appropriate manuals. Sufficient investment, such as the provision of full-time equivalent ASP practitioners, and adoption of computerized clinical decision systems are useful measures to improve ASP within an institution. However, these methods are not easy in terms of both time commitments and cost. Some biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and presepsin are promising tools in ASP due to their utility in diagnosis and forecasting the prognosis of sepsis. Recent studies have demonstrated the usefulness of algorithmic approaches based on procalcitonin level to determine the initiation or discontinuation of antibiotics, which would be helpful in decreasing antibiotics use, resulting in more appropriate antibiotics use.
|Number of pages||25|
|Journal||Infection and Chemotherapy|
|State||Published - Dec 2022|
- Antibiotic stewardship
- C-reactive protein


Coinage in antiquity was not just an ordinary activity aimed at creating a universal means of exchange - money. The right and production of coins belonged to the official authority in a country. The money itself bore the image of the ruling sovereign or the emblem of the city in which it was produced. In the time of the mighty Thracian kings, namely the rulers of the Odrysian kingdom, the minted coins served as a royal insignia (sign), with which they demonstrated their superiority and power.
The existence of a mint in a city was a matter of honour and prosperity for it. The mints were organised in a special order, in selected places, and access to them was authorised under strict rules.
Among the cities of today's Bulgarian lands, ancient coins with emblems depicted Apollonia on the Black Sea, an anchor for the city of Kabile, Artemis brandishing torches and many others. During the Roman era, we find preserved evidence of 13 cities with their own coinage located in modern-day Bulgaria.
In the Historical Park, we offer visitors to learn more about coinage in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. After a detailed explanatory talk by our guides, each guest will have the opportunity to mint their own individual souvenir coin. In this way, you will not only get in touch with the ancient practices and traditions of this unique craft, but you will also get the unique chance to feel like the proud and invincible rulers who ruled our lands in ancient times.
Mint your own coin and keep the memory of your greatness and honour forever!
The attraction is suitable for visitors over 12 and costs 20 levas.
* The attraction is offered in the Entrance Fortress.


Project Suggestions for Yvonne
Below are topics for research. Students can write a paper or create a multi-media presentation about one or more of these topics.
- Research the rise of the Nazi party in Germany and their policies once they gained power. As a Jewish family, how would the Ferstenfelds be in particular danger under Nazi occupation?
- Find out more about the strategy of collaboration utilized by the French Vichy government under Marshal Pétain. Research the anti-Jewish laws, called the Statuts des Juifs, and explain how these laws would have affected Yvonne’s family.
- Find out more about those who helped Jews in France, including clergy (such as the Archbishop of Toulouse), towns (such as Le Chambon-sur-Lignon), and Jewish organizations (such as the Children’s Aid Society, Oeuvre De Secours aux Enfants-OSE).What were their motivations? What were the risks?
- Mr. and Mrs. Ferstenfeld were taken by force to transit camps, first in Toulouse and then near Paris at Drancy. From Paris they were forced onto cattle cars, and after three days arrived at a killing center called Auschwitz. Find out more about the deportation of French Jews and of other Jews who had fled to France from the occupied countries.
- Find out more about how the Allies liberated the Buchenwald concentration camp. What did the liberators discover there?
- Find out what happened after the war to other Jewish children who hid in convents or with non-Jewish families. If none of their own family members survived the war, what happened to them?
- Find out more about the various organizations that helped the Displaced Persons (DPs) like Mrs. Ferstenfeld at the end of the war. What services did they offer to address the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of the survivors?


It is anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon that controversially argued back in 1988 that the supposed extreme violence among the Yanomamo people of Amazonia was an evolutionary trait, and evidence of a primordial human nature that is predisposed to violence. In Chagnon’s study, men who had killed had more wives and offspring than men who had not killed.
But do humans really have an evolved tendency to form coalitions to kill out-group political communities? And does chronic raiding and feuding characterize life in a state of nature?
Writing in Science, Fry and Soderberg answer in the negative:
The findings suggest that MFBS [mobile forager band societies] are not particularly warlike if the actual circumstances of lethal aggression are examined. Fifty-five percent of the lethal events involved a sole perpetrator killing only one individual (64% if the atypical Tiwi are removed). One-person-killing-one-person reflects homicide or manslaughter, not coalitional killings or war. Additionally, 36% of all lethal events occurred within the same local group (62% if the atypical Tiwi are removed), and violence within a local group is not coalitional war. Only 15% of the lethal events occurred across societal lines. Some such events might fall within a definition of war, whereas others might not (such as when shipwreck survivors were killed). Finally, very few lethal disputes were over resources. Overall, a consideration of reasons for lethal aggression reveals that most cases stemmed from personal motives consistent with homicide and, in some cases, family feuds, but much less often with lethal aggression between political communities, or warfare.
Notice that this finding does not rule out a Hobbesian war of all against all in the state of nature. It just means that inter-communal warfare is not an inherently human thing.
H/T The Economist


This small aromatic shrub, also known as Mexican Tea, is native to Central and South America. It is a member of the Chenopodiaceae family, and is a relative of the common weeds, lambs quarters and pigweed. The shrub grows to a height of 2-5 ft and has a hairy yellowish stem. The green leaves are oval and heart-shaped and have a distinctively pungent scent. It produces abundant small white flowers in summer and then tiny seeds, which are an important ethnomedical plant and spice.
Dysphania ambrosioides thrives in full sun and semi-shade. It requires regular water and moderate soil moisture. In hotter climates, it can appreciably benefit from a good mulch of organic material. It is hardy to USDA Zone 9-11 and it is possible to grow it in colder regions if it is planted in a pot and kept in a well-protected and warm position.
Even though this plant has many uses, it is wise to only use leaves sparingly for cooking due to its toxic properties. This plant has many traditional folklore uses, including as a medicinal plant, spice, and herbal tea. Growing a pot of Dysphania ambrosioides will not only add a fragrant scent to a garden but also provide a unique cultural background to your garden.


BarCharts Spanish Grammar Quick Study Academic Guide, Grades 4-Adult
- Brand: BarCharts Inc
BarCharts Spanish Grammar Quick Study Academic Guide is a favorite among students and teachers alike! This easy-to-use, reusable, laminated learning resource is an ideal basic overview to help boost confidence, communication, and test scores. Build multilingual skills with this 6-page, updated and expanded, organized education tool.
Packed with 28-pages of condensed information and examples to help with retention and comprehension. Three hole punched and ready to store conveniently in a binder!
- Color-coded sections
- Highlighted headings
- Laminated pages to protect from spills and tears
- Rules of stress
- and more
Order your copy today! Shop for more multilingual education resources here.
- - BarCharts Spanish Grammar
- - Quick Study Academic Guide
- - 8.50 x 11-inch Tri-fold
- - Introduction, review, and reference
- - Use in your classroom, homeschool, tutoring, centers, co-op, and home
- - For grades 4 through adults
|Package Count||1 Each|
Item not available in Mardel Stores.
Check your local store for availability.


During a briefing on the recent increase in the swine flu pandemic alert level to a full pandemic, World Health Organization Director General Dr. Margaret Chan highlighted the significant threat as the virus emerges in developing nations that have less infrastructure and health services available.
Dr. Margaret Chan - Director General of World Health Organization (F): Finally, and perhaps of greatest concern, we do not know how this virus will behave under conditions typically found in the developing world. Although the pandemic appears to have moderate severity in comparatively well-off countries, it is prudent to anticipate a bleaker picture as the virus spreads to areas with limited resources, poor health care, and a high prevalence of underlying medical problems. Countries should prepare to see cases, or the further spread of cases, in the near future. Countries where outbreaks appear to have peaked should prepare for a second wave of infection.
VOICE: Along with the pandemic having been escalated to its highest level, the number of confirmed cases and fatalities continue to rise. Throughout at least 74 countries, some 29,700 cases have been confirmed, with 145 people who have succumbed to the swine flu. Canada and some other afflicted countries said they began vaccine development and other measures before level 6 was reached and are already treating swine flu as an epidemic.
Dr. Margaret Chan (F): Influenza pandemics, whether moderate or severe, are remarkable events because of the almost universal susceptibility of the world’s population to infection. We are all in this together, and we will all get through this, together.
VOICE: Dr. Chan and the World Health Organization, many thanks for your concerted efforts to inform and protect the lives of the world’s people. We convey our sorrow and prayers for those who have suffered loss and for the recovery of people who have been stricken ill. May humanity turn more and more to the benefit of the vegan lifestyle to be free of unwanted occurrences such as these.


History – By reading the history of Nasikyapurkalpa written by Shri Jinaprabhsuri on basis of stories prevalent among Jains and non-Jains, one gets acquainted with the antiquity of this place. The temple of Chandraprabha Swami and its ancient idol are not present today but the ancient idols of Jain Tirthankaras can be seen on the hills near the Chandavad village at a distance of 45 kilometers from Nasik. The idol of the main deity Chandraprabha is one among them. There is an idol of Chintamani Parshwanatha in the temple in Nasik. It was built by the sangha about the year 1800 of the vikram era. But according to another reference, this temple was built in the year 1918 of the Vikram era. But on the cross-legged posture of God, the year 1548 of the Vikram era is carved. About 30 years ago, the white idol was coated with blue color. Apart from this we can find nine other Jain temples at Naik. The temple of Bhagawan Adinatha is one the important temples among them. There is also a Gurumandir of Acharyadev shrimad Vijayayashodevsurisharji.
How to Reach – The nearest railway station of Nasik is at a distance of 8 kilometers from the temple.
Main Deity – Nearly 1 feet 9 inches high, blue coloured idol of Bhagawan Chintamani Parshwanatha in the Padmasana posture.


Excel: Creating Charts Using Excel
This specialised course looks at the charting feature in Excel and discusses some of the different types of charts that can be created, in particular, line, scatter, pie, bar and column charts. It also covers how to edit scientific or statistical charts to include features such as secondary axes and error bars and how to format charts, both manually and by using the new chart styles available in Excel. Participants will be able to practise creating and formatting different types of charts by completing a series of exercises and will also learn how to set the default chart type and how to create a chart template.
We will continue to offer online training at this time. This course will take the following format:
- A demo of the main features. Check available dates and book a place from this link: IT Training Course Schedule
- Course participants access a workbook and associated files here.
- Additional topic specific resources (see link below) can be accessed as required
This collection of resources can be accessed via LinkedIn Learning, an online learning resource for staff. New users will need to complete the LinkedIn Learning sign up here.
Staff who wish to learn more about displaying data graphically and those interested in taking the ECDL Advanced module in Spreadsheets.
Previous attendance at Excel 1: Essentials or a similar level of experience of using Excel.
Book via iTrent
Course Contact DetailsName: IT Training and Assessment Unit
New Course: No
Course Type(s): Spreadsheets - Continuing Professional Development
Staff Categories: All Staff
Keywords: Excel, Spreadsheets, Charts, Axes, Error bars, Chart Styles, ECDL Advanced


Researchers develop biomaterial ink that can be tattooed on human skin for medical tracking applications
A team of Researchers at Texas A&M University introduced biomaterial ink that imitates highly conductive characteristics similar to human skin that are essential for the ink to be used in 3D printing. This new biomaterial ink supports a new class of 2D nanomaterials known as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The combination of thin-layered MoS2 structure with modified gelatin results in the flexible hydrogel. The ink has shear-thinning properties that enable it to decrease its viscosity when force is applied while remaining in a solid state otherwise. This property is similar to ketchup or toothpaste.
“The impact of this work is far-reaching in 3D printing,” said Dr. Akhilesh Gaharwar, associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Presidential Impact Fellow. “This newly designed hydrogel ink is highly biocompatible and electrically conductive, paving the way for the next generation of wearable and implantable bioelectronics.”
The team used electrically conductive nanomaterials within modified gelatin that makes the hydrogel ink conducive to 3D printing. Researchers at Gaharwar Laboratory designed a cost-effective, open-source, multi-head 3D bioprinter that supports open-source tools and freeware and is fully functional and customizable. This enables any researcher to design 3D bioprinters as per their research needs.
“These 3D-printed devices are extremely elastomeric and can be compressed, bent, or twisted without breaking,” said Kaivalya Deo, a graduate student in the biomedical engineering department and lead author of the paper. “In addition, these devices are electronically active, enabling them to monitor dynamic human motion and paving the way for continuous motion monitoring.”
The hydrogel ink can constitute complex 3D circuits and can also assist to print electrically active and stretchable electronic devices. These devices have great strain-sensing capabilities which make them efficient in using customizable monitoring systems. This enables new opportunities to integrate.
Click here for the published Research Paper


The 21st century has become the age of so many breakthroughs and technological advances. Technology is aimed at one purpose: to make people's lives better. By helping them become more efficient in their work. One such technological breakthrough is computer technology.
Computer technology has evolved in large proportions. Starting from a computer with the size of a room to a palm top computer that is well designed. Computers today have become an integral part of people's lives especially at work, in companies, businesses, schools, offices and even at home.
Effects of Computer Technology
It has made the world smaller, but does it make our world better? That will then lead us to ask if computer technology is good or bad. Now let's take a look at some of the bad effects first. With the advent of computers and the internet becoming easy to access pornographic sites, children are more open to explicit content; Some students will lose focus on their studies while they play computer games. The number of cases of obesity has increased and has been linked to too much computer activity. That leads to less physical activity among a number of people.
Computer Forensics, Data Recovery, and E-Discovery Are Different
On the other hand, computers have opened up a whole new world of possibilities. Now it is easier to get information about world events; You can even find jobs on the internet; You can spread advocacy to many people around the world; And most importantly it's now easier to connect with each other even if you're in the other side of the world.
Computer technology, just like any other material on earth has been created with the same purpose. Just like knives, knives are made to cut and slice food to speed up people's cooking time but can also be used to kill people, and you can't ban the use of knives to stop killings. So you can't blame the computer for any problems that may be caused because it's the person who uses it that's causing the problem. It has its advantages and disadvantages that must be considered.
But the problem is not computer technology itself; The problem lies with the people who use it. Computer technology is generally good because it can bring many benefits if used properly, but it can be very detrimental if used unwisely.
People have choices about how they utilize the earth's resources, and that choice will determine how certain materials will affect people, for better or worse.


A major study into the Aztecs’ hieroglyphic writing system suggests it was one of the most sophisticated scripts that humanity has ever produced.
Exactly 500 years after they were destroyed by the Spanish conquistadores, the long-lost intellectual foundations of Aztec civilisation are being rediscovered by a British anthropologist.
In 1521, the Spanish military presided over the destruction of three of the world's greatest libraries - in the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan and in the Aztec-allied cities of Tetzcoco and Tlacopan. Of the thousands of books of Aztec poetry, law, rhetoric, medicine, astronomy and history, only one or two works appear to have survived.
So comprehensive was the Spanish obliteration of the Aztec intellectual and literary achievement that much of the modern academic world became convinced that that achievement had never really existed.
Key to that perception was the belief that Aztec hieroglyphic signs did not constitute a proper writing system and that therefore a complex written literary tradition could not have existed.
But now, new research by a British linguistic anthropologist, Gordon Whittaker, is revealing for the first time that the Aztecs' hieroglyphic writing system was one of the most sophisticated scripts that humanity has ever produced.
After some 20 years of detailed research, Professor Whittaker has discovered that, like ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the Aztec writing system could be used not just to convey a limited number of words and syllables, but to comprehensively communicate the sounds of every syllable in the Aztec language (Nahuatl) – a flexibility which allowed tens of thousands of often multi-syllabic words to be expressed phonetically in written form.
The way in which the Aztec writing system could not only be used to represent objects or actions, but could also be used to represent every spoken sound, allowed Aztec scribes to express the entire Aztec lexicon of literally tens of thousands of words.
Professor Whittaker's research - due to be published in London next week - is therefore now beginning to demonstrate that the Aztecs' writing system was, arguably, the most advanced ever developed in the Americas.
Indeed, in terms of organisation, concept and sophistication, he has concluded that it was comparable to one of the Old World's most sophisticated scripts - Japanese.


Program evaluation has long been recognized as a valuable tool to provide programs with data to help inform decisions, improve program effectiveness, and ensure that the desired goals and stated outcomes of the program are being achieved. Whether on a small or large scale, external evaluations play an important role in strengthening programs serving language learners. CAL works as a partner in designing an evaluation methodology to best meet the needs of your program.
Drawing on decades of research connected to practice in language education, CAL offers evaluation and program design services to schools, districts, and other institutions that are planning or implementing programs for language learners. We provide evaluation services at all levels of instruction (preK-12, higher education, and adult education) in the United States and internationally. Our services are rooted in research-based tools and approaches, aligned with the common core state standards, and are tailored to meet your needs.
CAL staff have expertise in a wide range of methodologies:
- Quantitative (e.g., review of student outcome data; experimental, quasi-experimental and pre-/post-test studies; surveys)
- Qualitative (e.g., focus groups, observations, interviews, document reviews)
- Mixed-methods (combining qualitative and quantitative methods)
Types of services you can choose from:
Program planning and needs assessment addresses specific planning questions, such as “Should we establish a dual language program in our district?” or “What topics should we prioritize for staff professional development?”
Program evaluations examine how a program is implemented and/or what the outcomes are. Evaluation projects vary based on how comprehensive they are (topics, stakeholders consulted), the size of the program, and whether the client wants a brief or more detailed report
Evaluation technical assistance projects help clients design or implement their own evaluations through mentorship, evaluation capacity building, or the development of evaluation tools
Workshops train practitioners who may be involved in program evaluation on different approaches to language program evaluation and the basic steps involved in designing an evaluation
CAL’s services can be tailored to meet your specific needs. Contact CAL to discuss your interests.


NUT Desk- WASHINGTON: Dinosaur species large and small didn´t just pass through the Arctic — they made it their year-round home and probably developed wintering strategies like hibernation or growing insulating feathers, according to a new study. The paper, published Thursday in the journal Current Biology, is the result of more than a decade´s worth of painstaking fossil excavations from a remote region of northern Alaska. “A couple of these new sites we found in the last few years turned up something unexpected, and that is they´re producing baby bones and teeth,” lead author Patrick Druckenmiller of the University of Alaska Museum of the North told AFP. “That´s amazing because it demonstrates that these dinosaurs weren´t just living in the Arctic, they were actually able to reproduce in the Arctic.” Researchers first discovered dinosaur remains at the frigid polar latitudes in the 1950s, regions once thought to be too hostile for reptilian life. This led to two competing hypotheses: either the dinosaurs were permanent polar residents or they migrated to the Arctic and Antarctic to take advantage of seasonally abundant warm resources, and possibly to reproduce. The new study is the first to show unequivocal evidence that at least seven dinosaur species were capable of nesting at extremely high latitudes — in this case the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation which lies at 80-85 degrees North. The species uncovered include duck-billed dinosaurs called hadrosaurs, horned dinosaurs such as ceratopsians, and carnivores like tyrannosaurus. The team are confident the tiny teeth and bones they found, some of which are only a few millimeters in diameter, belong to dinosaurs that were either newly hatched or died just prior to hatching, because of their distinct markings. “They have a very specific and peculiar kind of surface texture — it´s highly vascularized and the bones are growing quickly, they have a lot of blood vessels flowing into them,” explained Druckenmiller. Unlike some mammals such as caribou that give birth to young that can walk long distances almost immediately, even the largest of dinosaurs had tiny hatchlings that would have been incapable of making long migratory treks of thousands of kilometers (miles).


We recognise the deep connections between nuclear weapons and climate change, and the critical importance of tackling these twin existential threats together.
COP26: Climate Justice and Peace
From 1 to 12 November 2021, Glasgow hosted one of the world’s most significant conferences on environment and climate change, known as COP26. This put climate change even more to the fore front of Scotland’s mind. But we can’t effectively tackle the issue without looking at the link between climate change and nuclear weapons.
Climate Change and Nuclear Weapons
We stand in solidarity with communities around the world who were subjected to decades of nuclear tests and are now bearing the brunt of climate change.
As sea levels rise, the radioactive waste stored under the Runit Dome in the Marshall Islands – the legacy of repeated nuclear tests on the islands – is at risk of being washed away into the ocean. Climate change brings not only fresh devastation to Marshallese lives and livelihoods, adding to the wounds of the past, but also a major threat to the global ecosystem.
Every step in the nuclear chain, from the mining of uranium to the disposal of nuclear waste, does serious damage to our environment here and now – mostly among colonised lands and indigenous peoples.
This reflects the racist, imperialist logic of nuclear war.
Military expenditure is one of the biggest drivers of climate change worldwide, and the manufacture of nuclear weapons is no small part of that.
In addition to the present damage done by the production of nuclear weapons, they contain within themselves a much greater threat. A nuclear accident would do serious and long-lasting damage to the environment, as well as to human health, as we’ve seen at Chernobyl and Fukushima.
A nuclear attack would unleash far greater destruction.
Scientific modelling shows that even a so-called ‘small’ nuclear war could change our climate overnight, disrupting weather patterns and causing crop failures for years ahead – triggering famine for billions of people.
We encourage you to write to your MSP and ask them to ensure that the elimination of nuclear weapons forms a central part of the government’s strategy for addressing climate change, as a fundamental risk to our environment and our survival.


— Maria Robinson
PTSD & Trauma Recovery
- Are you avoiding people, places and things because they may cause recurrent traumatic memories?
- Do you struggle with being able to heal your past so that you can fully engage and enjoy your present?
- Have you experienced a traumatic event that has caused you anxiety and fear?
Trauma is the experience of severe psychological distress that occurs following a traumatic event or circumstance, and post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a condition that results when individuals experience trauma and demonstrate a variety of ongoing and long lasting symptoms that interfere with the ability to function in one’s life. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, PTSD affects approximately 3.5% of the general population every year. In fact, 1 in 11 people will be diagnosed with PTSD in their lifetime.
While initially identified in combat veterans, PTSD can also result from traumatic experiences such as childhood abuse, physical, emotional or sexual abuse, sexual harassment or assault, traumatic or unexpected death of a loved one, accident or injury, terrorism or even natural disasters.
Symptoms of PTSD can be categorized in the following 4 areas:
- Reliving (ie intrusive memories, flashbacks/nightmares, ruminations on details such as date, time, person and place)
- Avoidance (ie intense effort to avoid places, people or things that reactivate traumatic memories)
- Behavioral Responses (ie hypervigilance, startle responses, self-destructive or reckless, self- sabotaging behavior)
- Changes in Thoughts/Mood (ie mood swings, overwhelming repetitive thoughts of guilt or shame, feeling detached)
For many people, PTSD is the “invisible condition” that often goes undetected, or may be diagnosed and treated for the manifesting symptoms of anxiety or depression, without ever fully understanding and exploring the impact of past trauma. As a result, those with PTSD often struggle to understand why they are unable to fully heal from their traumatic experiences. However, by utilizing a variety of therapeutic interventions, there is hope and healing is possible.
READY TO GET STARTED?
If you are ready to begin your healing journey, call (623)377-1128, or email me at email@example.com. Reclaim your life!


Everyone, from young children to seniors, experiences anger at some time or another. Teenagers and young adults may experience anger outbursts, especially when they don’t get what they want. However, for some, anger is a deep psychological disorder that could manifest itself with serious violence if left untreated. Also known as Intermittent Explosive Disorder or IED, it is very common in young men, with 1 in 14 adults suffering from the disorder.
Those with IED may attack others and their possessions, causing bodily injury and property damage. Sixteen percent of people who suffer from IED may also injure themselves during an outburst by punching their bedroom wall or breaking through a door. Usually those with IED feel guilt or remorse for their action, they regret and are extremely embarrassed by their outburst.
Those with IED do feel immediate guilt or remorse; it is not a sociopathic type of disorder. However, those with IED can hurt the ones they love by inflicting property damage, bodily harm, and self-harm.
Some symptoms of IED include an increase in energy, irritability, tendencies toward rageful outbursts, chest tightness, racing thoughts, panic, heart palpitations, and pressure. No one is really sure what causes IED, but scientists believe that it is a mixture of environment and genetics, environment meaning learned behavior.
Here at Rites of Passage NW, we can help such disorders as IED with physical activity such as our wilderness treks and survival training. Our program is not based on physical activity alone, however, and teens will be expected to participate in group and individual therapy by a certified counselor as well. By getting back to nature and practicing introspection, we believe that IED can be combatted naturally, without the use of medication.


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Languages are an important and necessary contribution to children’s all-round development and education. This why we are so committed at Royal Park to provide quality language learning to all children. Our choice falls with the beautiful language of Spanish!
Even though language learning is only compulsory at KS2, younger children are more open and receptive to language learning and have an innate curiosity when learning language and its new words and new sounds. They are confident, curious and less anxious learners. So we embrace and promote this by introducing language learning from nursery to year 2 through single words daily allowing the children to guide the speed and amount of new language acquisition.
In KS2, language learning is done weekly in blocks of 30 minutes and daily small bursts of consolidation. Within school, we follow Language Angels programme. The Language Angels programme provides high quality and engaging lessons, written by language experts with more than 25 years’ experience of language teaching.
The programme allows us as a school to tailor the learning and progression of the language learning to our cross curricular content, with topics such as World War II, healthy eating, planets and space, habitats and more. Children also learn about the different countries where the language is spoken and this causes them to reflect on their surroundings and culture. At Royal Park, Spanish is not a stand-alone subject, but a discipline that can enhance and improve all other subjects and areas of school life.
If you would like to look at how Spanish progresses throughout the school, please click on the links below:


As per the latest study put forth by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), vehicles that are being driven on under inflated tires more than 25% are 3 times more vulnerable to be involved in a crash than tires with proper inflation. Under inflated tires can lead to overheating, poor driving and less tread life, at the very least. Tire safety is very important in preventing an auto accident.
Your tires mark as the only part of your car bearing direct contact with the road. Tires affect your vehicle handling, brakes, ride and overall safety. Although very important, tires are the most neglected part when it comes to maintenance. You will most likely remember to get your oil changed but you will not remember checking tire tread or air pressure as often as you should. Tire failures often lead to vehicle accidents.
Most common tire failures
Let’s have a look at some of the most common tire failures.
- Run-soft failure means underinflation of tires, slowly and gradually. This urges the temperature within the tires to rise, melting the polyester cords present in the bead of the tire.
- Highway-speed failure occurs when the operating speed limit of the tire is crossed.
- Fatigue-failure means the tire has aged and requires a replacement now.
How to avoid tire failures
- Often, check the tire wear to see if the tires have optimum amount of rubber contacting the road.
- Check tire pressure to ensure it is present in a safe state.
- Make sure you have proper tread depth.
- Look for worn spots.
- Check the sidewalls of the tire.
- Written on the tire, check the tire’s age.
Suffered an injury or a loved one lost his/her life? Walker Texas lawyer can help you in figuring out the next course of action and getting your rights, if any applicable. Contact Mr. Walker at 713-552-1117 or visit https://walkertexaslawyer.com/ to discuss in detail.


Presentation Skills - elearning
Presenting is often a source of anxiety for people, and it can bring about feelings of nerves and dread. But it doesn’t have to be that way – there are skills you can learn which will help build your confidence when presenting.
Our short online explores this topic and aims to give you the knowledge you need to present with confidence. It is designed for anyone with an interest in learning more about presenting, and gives insights into the key elements to a presentation, how you can learn from experiences, and advice on how to present successfully.
You can register up to 10 people for elearning when you book online. If you have more than 10 delegates to register, please contact us.
- Course content
This course covers the following topics:
- What a presentation is and its key components
- How giving a presentation might feel and how to learn from a bad one
- Presentation rule video
- How to create a successful presentation
- Using presentations software effectively
You will learn:
- Be able to describe presentation skills
- Know why presentation skills are important
- Understand how to improve your presentation skills
There are no pre-requisites for this course.
Online course worked through at the pace of the learner.
- More details
Who is the course suitable for?This course is suitable for anyone who wishes to gain or develop their presentation skills


Yield sensitivity or interest rate sensitivity is a measure of how much a fixed income asset’s price changes due to the fluctuation in interest rates.
Yield sensitivity can be positive or negative depending on whether a change in interest rate impacts the price of a bond positively or negatively.
It is typically measured by calculating the percentage change in price that would occur if a bond's coupon rate were to increase one percentage point. So, for example, a bond with a $1,000 par value that has a coupon rate of 5% and is currently selling for $1,050 would have a yield sensitivity of 5%. This means that if interest rates were to rise by just 1%, the bond's value would drop by 5%—to $950.
Because interest rates affect the values of bonds and other fixed-income investments, investors need to be aware of their own sensitivity to interest rate changes when deciding how much exposure these securities should have in their portfolios.
Investors who are more sensitive to increases in interest rates tend to prefer investments with lower interest rate sensitivity — because they will be less likely to lose money if the market moves against them. Investors who aren't very concerned with rising interest rates tend to favor investments with higher interest rate sensitivity — because they aren't overly concerned with the value of the investment being negatively affected by a change in prevailing interest rates.
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22 May Methods to Manage Sensitive Data
How to deal with sensitive info is an description important part of information security. This information is essential in several ways, from guarding personal information to limiting the risks of a data breach. Here are some tips for keeping hypersensitive data safe and sound. You can easily discover the data types you need inside the policy operations section. Then simply, you can add or remove custom sensitive data fields. To ensure your data remains safe, make sure that it really is encrypted or protected.
First, inventory the sensitive data. What are the types of this data? Are these kinds of information coming from websites or perhaps contractors? Will be employees keeping sensitive info on their personal computers, cell phones, or flash forces? You must decide the sources of sensitive info so that you can preserve it. Knowing where to find that, you can apply appropriate controls to safeguard that. This will reduce the risk of unauthorized gain access to and help you unlock the company value of the data.
Second, understand the sensitive data you handle. The EU Standard Data Security Regulation (GDPR) defines what personal info is. Some examples contain health information, contest, political ideologies, religious values, trade union memberships, and biometric or genetic info. Whatever data you cope with, remember that it ought to be managed effectively and according to the law. You can also safeguard your perceptive property with a safeguarded and clear policy. Also you can create personalized sensitive info to protect your intellectual real estate.


Crema, Diocese of (CREMENSIS), suffragan to Milan. Crema is a city of the province of Cremona, Lombardy, Northern Italy, situated between the Rivers Adda and the Oglio, in a marshy region. It was built by inhabitants of various cities of the Insubres, who fled thither during the Lombard invasion of Italy. Crema fell eventually under Lombard rule and shared the vicissitudes of that monarchy. Crema was one of the first cities to organize as a commune. It joined the Lombard League, and was therefore destroyed, first by Frederick Barbarossa and later by the inhabitants of Cremona and Lodi. It afterwards acknowledged the rule of the Torriani and of the Visconti of Milan, for a while also that of the Benzoni. Finally it became subject to the Republic of Venice. It belonged to the Diocese of Lodi until 1580, when it was made a see and a suffragan of Milan. Among the most noted of its bishops was the zealous Marcantonio Zolli. The diocese has a population of 58,000, with 53 parishes, 65 churches and chapels, 174 secular and 4 regular priests, 1 religious house of men and 7 of women.


The first German biomass plant burning straw
The BEKW power plant in Emlichheim is the first in Germany to rely on straw as a fuel. This cogeneration plant (10.2 MWe / 49.8 MWt) started up in 2013 and burns approximately 70,000 t/y of straw from surrounding farms.
It achieves a record primary energy efficiency of approximately 90 percent. Technical availability is 98 percent, which is excellent for this type of plant. The facility burns approximately 60,000 metric tons of straw per year.
The biomass plant supplies heat to Emsland-Stärke GmbH, Evangelische Krankenhausverein hospital association, public facilities (in particular the town hall, schools) and private households as well.
However, the straw-burning cycle in Emlichheim does not end with the generation of heat. The “by-product ash” is used as fertilizer. In addition, the straw-fired heating plant also generates electricity.
The power plant is equipped with about 6,000 measuring points. An important indicator is that the emission thresholds for dust are between 0.1 and 0.6 milligrams per standard cubic meter, well below the established thresholds.
SIPOS SEVEN drives with Profibus interface (V2 services as standard) are installed at the power plant. AUMA electric actuators contribute to both the efficiency and the reliability of the Emlichheim plant. In use are around 30 SA actuators for open-close duty and SAR actuators for modulating duty, all equipped with AC intelligent actuator controls.
An example application is the control of water flow to the spray attemperators located after the superheaters. Variations in the quality of the straw fuel, and the continuously changing demand for district heat, make this a challenging task that the AUMA actuators are well placed to handle.
Source: Emsland Group, Power Engineering International.


If you have ever seen gooey neon orange branches on trees and shrubs you may have been observing a phenomenon commonly known by the very scientific name of ‘orange goo’. Appearing in cool, wet weather during spring sap flow, the goo is caused by fungi, bacteria and yeast colonizing tree sap, especially where an injury causes excessive sap flow.
Orange goo (or slime if you prefer) has been reported on a wide range of trees and shrubs from across the US and Europe. Those who have studied the phenomenon have generally reported the main cause of the orange color is a yeast in the genus Cryptococcus, which accumulates carotene, the same pigment found in carrots (1). Others have reported a number of different Cryptococcus spp. in spring sap-flows as well as several Fusarium species (2) and Fusicolla merismoides (3). The composition of the fungi and yeasts present may differ from location to location and may change over time as temperatures increase.
Regardless of the cause, this colorful display causes no harm to the tree and usually dries up in warmer dry weather. Spring sap flows produce copious sap, in contrast to the more familiar slime flux in trees, which is the result of a slower, chronic production of exudates and may continue throughout the growing season. These chronic sap flows associated with slime flux in trees are colonized by a different set of microorganisms, and rarely have the same brilliant colors.


Outdoor apparel manufacturer and retailer, The North Face, announced that it has recycled 1.5 million polyethylene bags, or 62,000 pounds of plastic, in the past two years with the aid of upcyclying and recycling company, TerracCycle.
The two companies collaborated to create a program called, “The North Face Polybag Brigade,” which was implemented in 25 of the brand’s retail stores to ensure that polybags used to ship clothing were recycled. The bags were re-purposed into an assortment of products like, plastic lumber, bike racks and pavers. The partnership, formed in 2011, exceeded its original goal of recycling one million polybags.
The North Face has also installed a one-megawatt solar panel at its distribution center in Visalia, Calif. to reduce the center’s greenhouse gas emissions. The solar panel now supplies 25 percent of the center’s power, saving 950 metric tons of carbon dioxide from being emitted each year.
The North Face’s newest eco-conscious efforts echos its other commitments to protecting the environment, including the “Clothes the Loop” program. Established in 2013, the program encourages consumers to drop off unwanted clothes of any condition or brand at participating The North Face stores to be reused or recycled.


Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809; his family eventually settled in Illinois. He had been able to attend school only sporadically, but he had a thirst for knowledge and quietly set out to become a lawyer.
Lincoln was elected to the Illinois General Assembly in 1834 and his political career continued to blossom along with his legal career. In New Salem, he partnered with John T. Stuart, which brought sustained and profitable contact with the railroad industry. In the 1850s, Lincoln successfully defended the Illinois Central Railroad in cases involving disputes of property taxes. In 1856 he defended the Rock Island Railroad in a precedent-setting case involving the right to build bridges across heavily traveled waterways.
Lincoln’s legal work for the railroads took a back seat to his political career in 1860 when he ran for the presidency. As president he signed the Pacific Railway Act into law, authorizing the federal government to assist two private corporations—the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads—to build a line from Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California.
Lincoln had traveled to Washington, DC, by train in February 1861 to assume the presidency, and his body returned to Springfield by the same mode of transportation after his assassination in April 1865. As the funeral train made its way slowly from the nation’s capital to Chicago, laborers on the Chicago and Alton were working feverishly to widen that line’s right of way between Chicago and Springfield to accommodate the Pullman car Mrs. Lincoln had requested for the last leg of her long journey. Abraham Lincoln’s final act in promoting the development of railroads was the unintentional one of publicizing the luxuries of Pullman cars, heralding a new era in train travel.
For additional information, visit:
Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
Union Pacific: Lincoln and the Railroad
Library of Congress: Pacific Railway Act


Food surveillance is conducted by the Authorities to:
support food inspection activities
ensure compliance with legal limits for microorganisms and chemical contaminants in food
ensure foods comply with legal restrictions on the use of certain ingredients and processing technologies
ensure the authenticity of certain foods
provide data for risk assessment and risk management activitiesidentify the pathogens found in foodstuffs for the purpose of monitoring trends and establishing public health priorities for control and prevention strategies
remove contaminated products from the market
detect outbreaks and assist with their investigation.
How is surveillance carried out?
Surveillance by enforcement officers
Surveillance involves the sampling and testing of foods. This can be done in many ways.
- Predominantly, food samples are taken by food law enforcement officers and sent to food control laboratories funded by the State.
- Samples can be taken at the time of inspection of a food business or taken randomly at retail or wholesale level.
- Samples can also be taken on foot of a food complaint or to support an outbreak investigation.
The food control laboratories work to rigorous standards and possess the latest analytical equipment. The results of these tests are communicated back to the enforcement officer, who takes appropriate action, and also to the FSAI who formulates a national picture of food controls and communicates this to the European Commission.
FSAI specific surveillance projects
In certain circumstances the FSAI also organises specific surveillance projects. These are focussed on specific foodstuffs and specific tests. Sometimes samples are taken by the food law enforcement officers and at other times samples are taken by the FSAI itself. Where possible these samples are tested in the food control laboratories but where necessary the testing is conducted in accredited third party laboratories.
Reports on food surveillance activities and who does what in food surveillance
Select one of the following links:
Genetically Modified Food Surveillance


Catawba Town Hall is located at 102 First Street NW, Catawba, NC 28609.
Catawba originated about 1858 as a station along the Western North Carolina Railroad and developed primarily as a center of trade for the east-central section of Catawba County. Spurred by the railroad, farmers' need of a commercial outlet, and, to a lesser extent, by the textile and tobacco industries, Catawba Station grew during the nineteenth century into an incorporated town bearing its present name.
The company completed work in the vicinity of Catawba Station between 1858 and 1860. The engineer reported in August 1858 that the station house at the Catawba River was being constructed. By the end of the year, grading had been completed from Statesville to the river, and the bridge spanning the Catawba lacked only one pier.
The construction of the new station led the United States. Government to establish a post office at Catawba Station, but the Civil war prevented additional development that might otherwise have occurred. A post office, which had opened in 1856 at Chestnut Grove in Iredell County, was moved to Catawba Station in December 1859. Gilbert M. Sherrill served as the first postmaster.
After the war, Catawba Station, buoyed by its rail facilities, slowly developed as a trade center for the surrounding farm country. The growth that had taken place prior to 1872 led the General Assembly that year to incorporate the community as Catawba Station.


DID YOU KNOW? DTIC has over 3.5 million final reports on DoD funded research, development, test, and evaluation activities available to our registered users. Click HERE
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July 20, 1944: Strategic Narrative for the Federal Republic of Germany and the Bundeswehr: A Critical Analysis.
[Technical Report, Master's Thesis]
US Army School for Advanced Military Studies
Pagination or Media Count:
This monograph undertakes a study of the conspiracy of the German national conservative resistance, led by a small group of steadfast German officers against the Hitler regime and its effects on the establishment of the postwar Federal Republic of Germany. This conspiracy climaxed in the assassination attempt on July 20, 1944, and led to the physical destruction of the resistance circles. One of the central figures of the conspiracy was Colonel Count Claus von Stauffenberg. After the catastrophic defeat of the Third Reich, West Germany suffered from severe identity problems and was looking for a usable past. Based on historical and political research, the monograph provides evidence that postwar German authorities and elites used the myth of the failed plot, deliberately in order to generate a new narrative after the war. The purpose of the narrative was to submit the message of a new Germany towards the new Western allies, as well as to generate internal leverage regarding the German population concerning the foundation of the Bundeswehr. The narrative of July 20, 1944 is based on the historical framework of the German military resistance and a specifically-promoted ethical perspective towards the conspirators, which evolved after the war. The strategic significance of the new narrative is a result of political utilization. The positive spin of the 1944 conspiracy against Hitler became an integral part of the self-image of the other Germany, and provided external and internal legitimacy for the nascent West German state in the 1950s in a separated German nation and a constrained Cold War environment. Colonel von Stauffenberg and the heroes of July 20, 1944 served as valuable tools to establish ethically-based democratic credentials in deliberate contradiction to the socialist German Democratic Republic. Additionally, the Bundeswehr, as the new West German armed forces, received their ethical foundation and tradition from the July 20, 1944 conspiracy.
[A, Approved For Public Release]


At first glance, a shipping container doesn’t seem like an ideal place to get work done. The extended length of the crate makes for an awkward, tunnel-like layout, and the need for lights and electricity to operate tools makes an external power source an inconvenient necessity. But despite these challenges, Ann Saterbak believes they’ll make an ideal design space for engineers.
Saterbak, professor of the practice in biomedical engineering, teaches the Pratt School of Engineering’s First-Year Design course, where teams of freshmen spend up to two semesters prototyping design projects for community partners across Duke, Durham and beyond. In the three years since the program’s inception, students have completed projects including a device to feed lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center, a bridge that can withstand major weather events and a realistic arm model that helps nursing students practice IV-line insertion.
Now, Saterbak is helping two teams of students turn an abandoned shipping container into a functional workspace where engineers can design and prototype various inventions, all while using tools that are practical, affordable and widely accessible in low-income environments. The project was planned with engineering partners at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, where students lacked a proper design workspace.
As students at Duke make modifications to their container, they’re also collaborating with engineering faculty at Makerere to duplicate their efforts and create a ‘twin’ workspace in a container in Uganda.
“The idea was that we needed to create an affordable makerspace, and we needed to create something that Makerere could easily duplicate,” says Saterbak. “We decided to use shipping containers because there are so many of them in Uganda, and they are readily available to use. They are also commonly converted into other things, including businesses and restaurants, so a design space wasn’t a stretch of the imagination.”


If an underground explosion occurs anywhere in the world, there is a good chance that a seismologist can pinpoint it. However, they won’t necessarily be able to tell you what kind of explosion had occurred—whether it is chemical or nuclear in nature. New research from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) scientists makes detecting nuclear explosions easier.
“To a seismologist, chemical and nuclear explosions look identical,” said Harry Miley, Laboratory Fellow and physicist in the National Security Directorate at PNNL. “Radionuclide detection technologies, like the PNNL-developed Xenon International and Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler/Analyzer, known as RASA, can discriminate between the two by detecting radioactive atoms that are created in nuclear explosions. However, we have very little scientific understanding of the geologic containment of these atoms following an explosion.”
When an underground explosion occurs, gases travel through fractures in the ground and escape into the atmosphere. Instruments such as Xenon International and RASA can then detect radionuclide gases, but their chemical signatures may be greatly affected by rock damage that the gases must pass through.
Earth scientist Hunter Knox and computational scientist Tim Johnson at the Earth Systems Science Division at PNNL showed up in Miley’s office one day proposing to investigate the effects of rock damage patterns on gas flow paths. The results, recently published in Pure and Applied Geophysics, have been transformational for understanding subsurface gas flow.
Hidden within the exit paths taken by these post-explosion gases are clues to their origin. Monitors around the globe can detect tiny amounts of radionuclides in the atmosphere but cannot differentiate between a radioactive isotope from an explosion or from other activities, such as the production of medical isotopes.
“This research helps us with timing – if a nuclear explosion occurs, when should we expect to detect the radioactive gases it produces? Coupling this information with seismologic data and radionuclide detection can reduce uncertainty in determining if an explosion is chemical or nuclear in nature,” said Johnson.
Ultimately, this research augments existing global nuclear non-proliferation efforts to keep citizens safe.


Reign in US Pollution With These Simple, At-Home Tips
November 11, 2013
Did you know that, every year, Water.org reveals that 3.4 million people all over the world die from water-borne diseases, and another 780 million people lack safe drinking water? Water pollution raises a number of concerns, including water deprivation, contaminated water, and improper sanitation. How can Americans address these concerns on an individual level, and what are some small, simple steps to start looking at the bigger picture?
Improving Household Water Consumption
The United Nation estimates that any particular individual needs 20-50 liters of water per day to satisfy basic needs, including cooking, cleaning, and drinking. How can American go green, and put their household water to the best use?
What’s the Bigger Picture?
A lack of clean drinking water, sources of water pollution, and waste, however, are hardly limited to the U.S., and these things are, in fact, much bigger problems in other parts of the world. How, then, can Americans help? Americans can help by being extremely conscious of their habits, and reducing U.S. waste as much as possible.
Americans can, for example, improve circumstances by recycling and limiting pesticide use. Eighty percent of items that end up in American landfills can be recycled, and widespread pesticide use can cause gene mutations, birth defects, and even cancer.
Going green starts at home, and may ultimately affect worldwide pollution and conservation. Americans can, for example, install aerators at home to conserve water, and recycle materials to reduce overall U.S. waste.


Sometimes patients hear the words “root canal” and become nervous because they fear a painful procedure. However root canal therapy, called surgical pulpectomy, is specifically designed to alleviate pain and save the damaged tooth. The experienced dentists in our offices use this procedure to treat severe tooth infection.
Have you noticed that you always use one side of your mouth to chew? Does one spot in your mouth have sensitivity to hot or cold food and liquids? If you have pain deep in the bone of your tooth, it could be a sign of an infection spreading and causing an abscess. The treatment for this condition is a root canal procedure, which can be done by our skilled dentists in-house. No need to visit other locations to get the care you need.
Although “root canal” has become a common term for the dental procedure, the real root canal is a small channel that runs from the dental crown to bottom of the tooth root. This inner chamber houses a rich blood supply that is fueled by a network of nerves, blood vessels, and various tissues. It is also easy for oral infections to spread to this area, and if the infection becomes worse it can spread through the root canal to the pulp and form an abscess.
You may not have heard of the term pulp outside of orange juice, but in dentistry the pulp is the life of the tooth. Inside the core of the tooth, a hollow space contains the soft tissues that link the tooth to the root through canals. Since blood is channeling to the tooth through these canals, if an infection spreads, it can become a serious health condition.
Our dentists use root canal procedures to remove damaged pulp, prevent the spread of infection, and save the damaged tooth. This treatment alleviates pain and sensitivity caused by infection and allows patients to return to full functionality of their teeth.


Background: Home gardens have been found to improve food security and dietary diversity in a wide range of settings. However, there is a need to place home gardens within the larger food and nutrition system landscapes that shape the construction of household diets. Myanmar offers a unique opportunity to study these research questions, given the decades of political isolation, high levels of food insecurity and poor nutrition levels. Methods: The aim of our paper is to use household survey data from three distinctive agro-ecological settings in rural Myanmar to empirically analyse the role of home gardens in influencing household food insecurity and dietary diversity. Our analysis is based on unique survey data conducted in rural Myanmar. The sample includes 3230 rural households from three States/Districts (Magway, Ayeyarwady and Chin). Using information on two dimensions of food security, a series of variables capturing a household's self-reported food security status and coping strategies when food is not available; and a measure of household's dietary diversity based on 24-h recall data, we empirically estimate a household's probability of being food insecure and the diversity of their diets. Results: There are statistically significant associations between access to home gardens and measures of food security and improved dietary diversity. In particular, for landless households, the ownership of home gardens/ fruits and vines is statistically significant and is associated with a 6.6 percentage points lower probability of a household having to change their diet, and a 7.9 percentage points lower probability of being in hunger. Conclusions: From a policy perspective, our results show that promoting home gardens among vulnerable households can improve food security and dietary diversity among vulnerable rural households in Myanmar.
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||BMC Public Health|
|Publication status||Published - 20 Aug 2019|


SeaArt – Long term establishment of SEAgrass ecosystems through biodegradable ARTificial meadows
Seagrass meadows are important marine ecosystems, which ensures coastal protection e.g. by wave reduction and sediment stabilisation. Nevertheless, they are highly endangered and are threatened by decline. Restoration efforts are inherently difficult as the absence of seagrass leads to enhanced hydrodynamic energy and turbidity levels, which restrict seagrass growth.
To break the cycle, researchers of a joint project in Lower Saxony will develop artificial seagrass over the next four years, which would look and feel similar to the natural seagrass and imitates the properties of natural seagrass plants, thereby enabling natural seagrass to establish within and around the artificial structure.
A key aspect of this project is the usage of fully biodegradable materials for the development of the artificial seagrass, to ensure that no potentially harmful non-degradable substances will be introduced into the system and no structures remain in the system.
The aim of the proposed method is to establish a purely long-term natural seagrass meadow without the need to manually remove the initial structures, as they will disintegrate over time.
Further information on the project and its progress you can find here.
- Project title: SeaArt – Long term establishment of SEAgrass ecosystems through biodegradable ARTificial meadows
- Project administration: Volkswagenstiftung, Niedersächsisches Vorab
- Funding: Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony within the framework of the coastal and marine research of Lower Saxony
- Project management: Institute of Geoecology of the Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Project partners: IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites at Hochschule Hannover – University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Forschungszentrum Küste of the Leibniz University of Hanover, Franzius-Institute for Hydraulic, Waterways and Coastal Engineering at the Leibniz University of Hanover, Soiltec GmbH
- Project period: June 2016 – May 2020
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andrea Siebert-Raths, firstname.lastname@example.org


Butler Tech Welding Technology Program Overview
Butler Tech Welding Technology offers students the opportunity to explore the vast possibilities in the welding industry. With in-depth training using the latest technologies, the creative and literal sparks fly as students work alongside each other to gain hands-on experience for a lucrative career.
Welding Technology students participate in SkillsUSA, a student business organization which empowers members with a structured program that promotes citizenship, leadership, employability, technical and professional skills training. Students have the opportunity to compete at regional, state and national levels.
College Tech Prep Program
Welding Technology combines college-like instruction with hands—on activities to prepare students for the technical occupations of the future, providing a pathway to an associate degree or beyond. College Tech Prep programs provide advanced skills in math, science, communication and technologies.
Graduate from high school ready for an entry level position, earn field certifications and the option to earn college credits to apply to a college degree. Continue your education as an apprentice or at a trade school or two–or four–year college.
No matter how sophisticated technology becomes, one thing remains constant in the manufacturing world: metal must be joined to metal, and only qualified Welding Technicians can do this vital job. Skilled welders are in high demand in the booming industry. From skyscrapers to the deep sea, robotics to automated vehicles, welders are a part of building just about everything, everywhere.
• Basic metallurgy
• Blueprint reading
• Metal fabrication
• Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW)
• Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
• Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
• Shielded Metal Arc Welding
• Carbon arc cutting
• Materials science inspection
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) safety
• Oxyfuel and plasma cutting
• Welding symbols interpretation
• American Welding


Globally, school water and sanitation coverage both increased by six per cent between 2008 and 2013.
|Title||Advancing WASH in schools monitoring|
|Publication Type||Working Paper|
|Year of Publication||2015|
|Secondary Title||Working paper|
|Pagination||65 p. : 23 fig., 10 tab.|
|Place Published||New York, NY, USA|
|Keywords||handwashing, international level, national level, sanitation, schools, statistics, water supply|
This working paper presents the best data available for the coverage of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in primary schools gathered from 149 countries for the period 2008-2013. It also compares current national WASH in Schools (WinS) monitoring indicators against global guidelines.
By providing this information the publication responds to the 2012 Call to Action, Raising Even More Clean Hands. It also aims to promote and support improved monitoring of WinS so that coverage indicators can be included in the forthcoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The key messages of the paper are:
The paper concludes with recommendations for action for both the national and international levels.
Includes ref. Includes annexes on data sources, national WinS coverage estimates, scoring criteria for EMIS indicators and WASH indicators in national EMIS.


The New Ways for Our Families report reveals Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and children who survive domestic and family violence are not having their needs met by child protection systems. It shows child protection responses to domestic and family violence must focus on children and women. It also reveals these responses do not adequately address all domestic and family violence issues.
It’s the first of two reports from Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Protection Peak, Australian National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety and the Institute of Child Protection Studies at Australian Catholic University.
“Despite the overwhelming impact of child protection systems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people’s lives, often resulting from domestic and family violence, their voices on what will support them have largely been silent,” says Garth Morgan, CEO of the Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Protection Peak.
“To break the cycle of intergenerational trauma, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people need opportunities to heal from experiencing domestic and family violence including being heard.
“Support is also needed for their families and communities to address domestic and family violence in holistic and culturally strong ways to ensure our children and young people can grow up safe and strong in their culture,” says Garth.
Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander community-controlled organisations are best placed to provide child and family services and to support cultural responses they need additional resources says the report. New Ways for Our Families shows change should occur within a framework that ensures perpetrators are held accountable for their violence and that women do not shoulder the burden of change.
“No parent, carer or family plans to have their children go into child protection or youth justice,” says Professor Daryl Higgins, Director, Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University.
“Families welcome children into their lives and communities but often the forces of intergenerational trauma affect their ability to offer the best support to their children. And unfortunately, systemic bias and racism just make it harder for them,” says Daryl.
View the New Ways for Our Families report.
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A substance use disorder is present when the use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home. A diagnosis of substance use disorder is based on evidence of impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and withdrawal potential.
Diagnostic criteria should include a Substance Use Disorder bio psychosocial assessment or evaluation that looks at all dimensions of an individual’s life, both past and present. It can also include results of a urine analysis and typically involves the use of screening tools such as substance screening questionnaires. In the State of Washington, this assessment or evaluation (both terms are used) should be performed by a trained Chemical Dependency Professional.
It’s important to remember that a diagnosis of substance use disorder is not a moral failing. It is a diagnosable condition that can be treated. Through research, the development of such a disorder has been linked to histories of trauma and mental health issues. People are treated in a variety of ways, through counseling, medication, and even peer support. If you want to speak to someone about all treatment options available to you, please contact us directly.
These are links to the most typically requested services. For more information or further help, please contact us.


Snow is coming, it's just a matter of when
I bet you it won’t snow today.
With winter on the way, I looked at historical data from the National Weather Service to see when Sioux Falls usually welcomes in its first flakes. Here's the over-under, so you know what I'm working with when I make that bold prediction:
Snow usually doesn’t fly until November. It’s the most common month for Sioux Falls’ first snow, according to 118 years on record. Meteorologists tracked first-snows going back to 1894, excluding a few gaps in the history books.
Science behind first-snows is pretty basic. Virgin ground gets its first brushes of snow when low temps meet precipitation. That’s probably why snow usually doesn’t show its face in Sioux Falls until November and sometimes stays hidden until December, meteorologist Billy Williams said.
“That’s when it’s cooling down and this part of the country is cold enough,” Williams said.
As for today, Oct. 24, there are just two first-snows on record: 1962 and 1981. The most common days for first snow are Oct. 18 (seven years on record), Nov. 7 (six years on record), and Nov. 10 (five years on record.)
The earliest snowfall on record for Sioux Falls is Sept. 25, which occurred in 1939. The longest Sioux Falls went without snow was in 1945, when flakes didn’t fall until Jan. 8.
Here are first-snows by day:


DescriptionThere are well-established historical trends that show that new and emerging forms of media are able to disrupt and then transform political and social opinion and discourse and have the capacity to break down social hierarchies in order to challenge dominant socio-cultural and political norms. Social media or “new digital media” are part of this trend and influence a reshape of socio-cultural and political norms, practices and discourses through awareness-raising, activism, and debate. Recent research has found that social media have considerable potential to engage, empower and activate young women in particular. These online spaces are often women-only and explicitly feminist (‘safe spaces’) and central to political and social activism in terms of women’s rights. The question remains, however, about how that effect evolves, and intersects with more traditional forms of activism, and ‘how and under what conditions these new digital platforms relate to citizen activism and protest politics’ (Valenzuela, 2013, p. 921).
Drawing on historic accounts of women-led spaces and public activism as generative of feminist movement, as well as accounts of contemporary online activism drawn from our current research in Manchester and Ireland, this paper explores how 'safe enough spaces' are mobilised for political and social activism and perspectives on the impacts of such spaces on political and social change.
|Period||8 Jun 2016|
|Event title||Youth Matters 2016: Moving from the Margins|
|Location||Newcastle, United KingdomShow on map|
|Degree of Recognition||National|


Japan regrets the recent installation in Berlin of a statue of a girl symbolizing Korean women who were forced to work in Japanese wartime military brothels, its top government spokesman said Tuesday.
Chief Cabinet Secretary Katsunobu Kato said at a press conference that the statue unveiled on Monday in the German capital is not in line with Japan's "stance," in an apparent reference to Tokyo's desire to build future-oriented ties with Seoul.
A civic group in Germany with South Korean ties played a key role in the statue's installation, according to the Korean Council for Justice and Remembrance for the Issues of Military Sexual Slavery by Japan, which helped the project financially.
"We will approach various parties involved toward the removal of the statue," Kato said, adding that the government will also seek to gain understanding of its position from the international community.
South Korea's 1st novel on "comfort women" history appears in English
Japan warns new "comfort women" statue may hurt ties with South Korea
Issues stemming from Japan's 1910-1945 colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula have frequently been a source of bilateral tensions. Many in South Korea believe that Japan has not repented enough for its militarist past, including over the so-called comfort women issue.
It is the third such statue erected in Germany. While the first two were installed on private land, the latest one was placed along a street in the capital with permission from authorities.
Many similar statues of a life-size seated girl have been installed in South Korea, including in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul. Other overseas locations include the United States.


The sound of your Air Conditioner running and the sound of your bank account drying up. Air Conditioning and Heating your home takes a 43 percent bite from your monthly utility bill, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. Here's how to reduce those costs in summer.
1. Plant More Trees - Most heat that accumulates inside a house comes directly from the sun shining onto the roof or through windows, and heating the house directly" Planting leafy trees around the building's exterior will stop the sun from reaching inside your home. If the trees or shrubs shade your air conditioner, you could boost your AC's efficiency by up to 10 percent,
2. Install Solar Screens Solar Screens, or mesh-like window screens - intercept up to 70 percent of solar energy before it gets into the house. Window films are another option. They are transparent, metalized sheets that reflect heat before it can be transmitted through glass. However, windows must be shut for window films to work, while solar screens do double-duty, keeping sun and insects out even with windows open.
3. Maintain or Replace your Air Conditioner - AC efficiency is mostly a function of the technology,Keep the filter clean to allow for good air movement and keep the unit level so the condensation drains properly. If you replace your older room air conditioner with a newer unit, you could cut your energy costs in half, according to the Department of Energy. Look for a high-energy-efficiency ratio, or EER, or an Energy Star-qualified unit. Higher EER ratings mean a more efficient air conditioner. Energy Star refers to a system adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Energy to identify energy-efficient products.
If you're in need of repairs or maintenance for your home air conditioning and heating system, call AC Express right away! Our certified technicians can respond same-day.


The Moka pot is a stove-top coffee maker that brews coffee by pushing steam pressurized boiling water through a puck of ground coffee. Sometimes the Moka pot can use electricity to boil the water. The device was named after the Yemenite city of Mocha, it was invented by an Italian engineer named Alfonso Bialetti in 1933.
The Moka pot is a small, two-chambered coffee brewing device that sits in many Italian kitchens. It’s easy to use and produces a full-bodied coffee, with a rich aroma. Many stove-top espresso makers have an hourglass shape, but there are moka pots in a variety of other styles. They are all based on the same operating principle. Water is heated in the lower chamber of the pot. The steam pressure pushes the water up through the ground coffee and the filter, and then eventually gets collected in the upper chamber as brewed coffee.
Learn how to make moka pot coffee from a step-by step tutorial and an infographic provided by Coffee-Brewing-Methods.com. Moka pot is the stove-top espresso coffee maker for low budget coffee lovers.
We put together the article for you, and the infographic was provided by Coffee-Brewing-Methods.com.
Here is how to make a moka coffee:
- Have your coffee beans, a Moka pot, a cloth, and a serving cup ready
- Put on your water kettle and heat it up.
- Fill up the bottom part of the Moka pot with hot water and make sure you don’t let the water surface touch the pressure valve.
- Place the filter-funnel in place covering the boiling chamber.
- Grind your beans and fill the Moka pot basket with them. Do not tamp like you’d do with the other kind of espresso makers.
- Screw the bottom and the top parts together. (From time to time check the gasket to see if it’s intact.)
- Immediately put on the stove (a source of heat) and brew
- Remove from the stove once you hear bubbling and cracking noises & cool down the brewer with a cold/wet towel
- Pour the coffee into your cup straight away


Are you aware of what bruxism is? Bruxism is a common, yet potentially serious disorder that is recognized by a distinct grinding of your teeth while unconscious. In most occurrences, bruxism takes place while the victim is sleeping, making a diagnosis difficult to detect. Are you showing any signs of bruxism-related dental damage?
Not all forms of bruxism happen when you sleep. Because stress and anxiety can play a role in the creation of bruxism, you should try meditative techniques such as yoga or calming music when you start to feel overly stressed or anxious.
Locating the signs of bruxism is important, as the disorder can potentially go on for years before a person ever pinpoints their ailments. Be sure to check your teeth and gums for any signs of damage after you wake up every morning. Are you aware of or have you ever noticed any chips or cracks in your teeth that have no explanation of how they got there? Is the cheek tissue on your mouth heavily worn down? Do your teeth look extremely worn or shorter than usual? If so, bruxism may be the reason why.
No matter which option for your bruxism treatment you choose, Dr. [doctor_name] and our team at [practice_name] will make sure that you receive the care and quality your smile requires. If you would like to come visit us at our dentist office in [city], [state], please schedule an appointment at [phone]. Come in today to learn all about the joys of bruxism treatments.


However, could scientists have found evidence of such a life? Astronomers at the Breakthrough Listen project recently discovered a mysterious radio signal that appears to be emitting from the direction of Proxime Centauri, which is closest to the sun star. Although the astronomers of the Breakthrough Listen project are not unfamiliar with the mysterious radio signals, they mostly attribute most of the time to interference created by humans or natural sources.
One of the reasons why this specific signal has generated so much interest is the fact that it is in the 980MHz band, a band in which it should not be transmitted by a human spacecraft. The second reason is because of the way its frequency changes, suggesting that it could come from the surface of an orbiting exoplanet.
Speaking to The Guardian, Westminster University astrobiologist Lewis Dartnell said, “The chances of this being an artificial signal to Proxime Centauri look staggering. We’ve been searching for extraterrestrial life and ideas for so long that it could show up on our doorstep, in the next star system, a pile of improbability on improbability. “
It should now be noted that this should not be taken as a final sign that there is life on other planets, but it is still intriguing.
Inscribed. Read more about Science and the Universe. Source: theguardian


Williams v. Lee
The Treaty Of 1868
The Supreme Court found general proof of the Navajo right to self-government in the Worcester decision. More specific proof was found in a treaty signed on 1 June 1868 by the Navajo tribe and General William Tecumseh Sherman, who was acting on behalf of a U.S. government peace commission. According to the Treaty of 1868, state courts were to have jurisdiction in suits by reservation Indians against non-Indians. Trials involving crimes by non-Indians against other non-Indians on reservation land were similarly to be decided in state courtrooms. Jurisdiction over crimes committed by or against Indians, however, was to remain exclusively in the hands of Navajo tribal courts. Then, in 1871, Congress declared that no Indian tribe should be considered an independent nation with which the U.S. government could execute a treaty, reversing the implications of the Worcester decision. The 1871 law was not retroactive, however, so the terms of the Treaty of 1868 and its rules governing legal jurisdiction survived. Justice Black and his colleagues found no reason to declare the rules invalid 90 years later.
The Court did not examine the matter of the money Paul and Lorena Williams allegedly owed Hugh Lee. By unanimously affirming the right of Navajo self-government, the Court ensured that any such legal claims were to be decided by a tribal court.
Law Library - American Law and Legal InformationNotable Trials and Court Cases - 1954 to 1962Williams v. Lee - A Question Of Jurisdiction, The Treaty Of 1868


How to 'Haze' Travis County's Urban Coyotes
Between January and March, Travis County residents called in more than 260 coyote incidents. Some of these were just sightings, but others called in because their pets had been attacked.
In November, the Austin City Council adopted its first-ever plan to handle coyotes. The main thrust of the plan? Handling them humanely.
But what does handling them humanely mean, exactly?
Jack Mayberry lives in the Bouldin Creek neighborhood.
“I started seeing all the pet missing signs in the neighborhood,” he says. So, he followed these signs to neighbors’ houses, where people told him they’d seen coyotes.
Prior to November, residents spotting coyotes might not have known what to do. But last year, Austin’s Animal Advisory Commission collaborated with city staff to form a coyote management policy. Central to it is this idea of “hazing” coyotes, something anyone can do at home. The city describes it as clapping, blowing a whistle — making any kind of noise to drive the animals away.
But Stefan Hunt, who works for Texas Wildlife Services, says the city’s policy may not be that effective.
“Clapping and yelling and doing that sort of thing doesn’t always work very well,” he says.
Hunt responds to calls about coyotes all over the county. He says the ones we see in Austin are urban coyotes, and they're accustomed to the sounds of cars and nightlife. Hazing has to be a bit more severe to be effective.
“Usually you have to do something physically aggressive towards them, like try to hit them with a rock, try to hit them with a stick. I tell people all the time, if you’re in your yard and you see them, squirt them with a water hose,” he says.
Hunt says the best way to protect your pets is to keep them indoors at night. And don’t leave any food outside – coyotes will eat it and come back for more. Wildlife Services usually only responds to calls reporting coyotes behaving aggressively, not just sightings. So, if you see a coyote, call 3-1-1 or use the 3-1-1 app to report it.


A reader’s workshop model offers a framework for classroom reading and the teaching of skills and strategies that allows students time and space to engage in the same kinds of authentic reading experiences that all readers enjoy.
During reader’s workshop students:
explore a variety of different genres, authors and text types
share book recommendations
select books to read
talk about the books they are reading within a community of readers
ask questions and make connections (to their own experiences, to other texts, and to bigger issues in the world)
respond to what they have read in a variety of ways
During reader’s workshop, teachers:
provide a model for students as they explicitly teach the kind of thinking readers do
SETTING UP THE READER'S WORKSHOP
Mini lessons as part of the workshop allow teachers to model the kind of thinking readers do. Students practice these strategies with the texts they choose to read. Workshops may vary in length and include time for teaching, selecting and reading books, writing about books and sharing ideas about books with partners or in group discussions.
While there is no one way to implement reader’s workshop, there are a number of components that remain consistent.
The Journal of Instructional Pedagogies has an excellent article for secondary teachers on implementing a reader’s workshop.
In this Choice Literacy podcast, Franki Sibberson chats with Cris Tovani about using a reader’s workshop model with high school students.
Anderson, Hiebert, Scott, & Wilkinson. Becoming a Nation of Readers. (1985)
LITERACY TODAY IS UNDERSTANDING THE WORD AND THE WORLD.
© 2023, Literacy Today


A regular amalgam gun is a dental instrument used by dentists to dispense amalgam filling material for the restoration of teeth. It is a handheld device that consists of a cylindrical body, a plunger, and a nozzle.
The amalgam gun is loaded with pre-measured capsules of dental amalgam material, which are inserted into the body of the gun. The dentist then uses the plunger to compress the amalgam material inside the capsule, causing it to flow out of the nozzle and into the prepared cavity in the patient’s tooth.
Regular amalgam guns are commonly used in dental practices for the placement of silver amalgam fillings, which are a mixture of metals including silver, tin, copper, and mercury. Amalgam fillings have been used for decades as a durable and cost-effective solution for restoring teeth that have been damaged by decay or trauma.
It is important to note that the use of amalgam fillings has been a controversial topic in recent years due to concerns over the potential health risks associated with the mercury content in the filling material. However, numerous studies have found that the use of dental amalgam is safe and does not pose a significant risk to human health when used properly.
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