safety n安全 5.[2020·湖南怀化模拟]-You are driving too fast.Safety is the first。
safe adi安全的
Sorry. I'll drive
safely adv度全地
A.more slowly B.much slowly C.most slowly
than是关键词,是比较级 of others than
6.[山东泰安]We all like Lucy as, she is always thinking 的标志词 berself.
学习小贴士:
D.better
A.less B.much more C.much
be always doing sth"总是做某 7.[湖北咸宁]-Sarah is chosen as the guide for the Fashion Show. 事,带有一定的感情色彩,菜达赞 -Great! No one speaks English her.
D.better than扬、指责、反感等情绪
A.as beautiful as. B,as badly as C.werse than
possible and try no to make any mistakes.He is always reading books
8.[贵州六盘水]Write it
before breakfast他总是早饭
B.as carefully as
A.as careful as
前读书(豪物)
C.more careful
D.less careful
考点15副词词义辨析
学习小贴士:
1.how long,how soon,how often与how far
(12how long意为"多久,多长(时间)",既可对物体长度提问。又可对一个持续的时间
段提问,常用"for十时间段"和"since十时间点"回答
-How long have you been in China?你在中国有多久了?
-For thrce months.有三个月了, C2)owsoon意为=多快,多久,对一个短暂性动作提问,用于一較将来时的句于中,灯笼有"多"ow long 常用"in十时间段"回答。
你要挂"多久"how long "in一段时间"用于一 -How soon will he come back?他多久才能回来?
距离有"多远"how far 般将来时,表示以现 "久"挂"一次"how often In five minutes,五分钟后。
在为起点的多久以后 "久之后"还挂上how soon
(3)how often意为"多长时间一次",对率提问,常用cnce/twice/three times'a week 等回答。还可用often,sometimes.等颜度副词来回答
Ho w o ten do you visit your gr ndparents?你多久去看望你的<外)祖父母
一次?
Once n week.一周一次. 回答路程还可用walk/ride/drive来表示
(4)ow far意为"多远",对距离提同,tenminwtes wallride/drve十分钟行的骑行的开车的路程 -How far is it from your home to gour school:你家离学校有多远?
About two kilometers,大概两千米。
2.hard与 hardly
(1)hard意为"努力地;辛苦地:剧烈地:猛烈地",是程度副词, We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。 ①悄悄酒hardly是否定副词,放在句首时,句于需用倒装语序。 It rained hard last night,昨晚下大用了。 女:Hardly can I catch up with you
(2)hardly意为"几乎不",是否定副词。
Icanhardly ca h up with you.Can youwalk slowly?我几乎赶不上你了.你能走 慢一点吗?catch up with sb赶上其
3.toe,as well,also与cither
too,as well,also与either都表示"也"。too和as well多用于口语,一般放在肯定 句句末t00前一般用过号隔开;面also多用于书面语.一般敏在肯定句句中与动词 连用:either用于否定句句末。
He can speak English.I can spenk it,too 会讲英语,我也会讲,=So can I 肯定:s0+be/助动词情态动 She likes Chinese.I like it as well.她喜欢汉语,我也喜欢。
词主话 He is aiso a scientist.,他也是一名科学家。


否定ineither/norbe/助云 He hasn't finished the homework.I haven',ther他没有完成作业,我也没有(完成) 词情态动词+主话
4.ago 与 before =Neither have I/Nor have I
(1>ago为副词.它立足于现在,表示"从现在起若干时间之前",通常与一般过去时连 用.不能与完成时连用,也不能单独使用,必须与一段时间违用, before可以酿时间点连用用 Two years ago.I waa primary schoo! studcnt两年前我是一名小学生。 于一般过去时或一般将来时
(2)wfore可作副词.单独用可以用于现在完成时作连词时,可以引导一个过去时1wenttbed efore lo o'clock last night. 的从句,主句用过去完成时,表示在过去某个动作之前就已经完成的动作。 昨晚10点前我就睡觉了。
Has she visited China before?以前她访问过中国吗?
I will finish the work before I had cleaned the room before my mother came back from work last night.昨晚妈
Friday
妈下班回来之前,我已打扫了房间。
我将在周五之前院成这项工作
5.too much,too many与much too一这三个短语的重心都在后面。
一定要先看"后边"单词,再 too much意为"天多",用作形容词词组.修饰不可数名词:toomany意为"太多",修 选择用哪个来佟饼 饰可数名词复数:muchto意为"大,非常"用作副二词组,修饰形 彻、副词, There are too many people Too much snow can cause trouble.雪太多会引起麻烦。
in the supermarket These shoes are much too big for me,这双鞋子对我来说太大了。
超市里人太多。
6.already与yet
(1)already一般用于肯定句,常与完成时连用:有时也可用于疑问句中,表示惊奇。 Japanese companies have alrcady made robots walk and dance.日本公司已经制造 出能走路和跳舞的机器人了,也可以放在句尾
(2)vet意为"已经·还·尚",-用于否定句和 问句中,常位于主要动词前成句末. But I haven't locked the garage yer.但我还没有锁车库。
7.too,enough和so yet用于疑问句Have you finished your homework yet?
(1)t0意为"太,很".用于t0...t...结构.表示否定意义"太……而不能……"
She's oo young to go there by hersel,她太小了,不能独自去那里。
2nough意为"足 够"用于"形容词/副词原级+enought..结构,表示*足够…
能……"
The coach i big enowgh to hold fiy peopl这 长途汽车是够大.能 纳50人。
(3)sp意为"如此".用于"s...that… 构.表示如此·…以至于·……
The park is so beautifal that we can't stop taking photos.
这个公园如此美丽以至于我们不停地拍照。
[提分必练]
1.[2020·黑龙江牡丹江,鸡西]-Can you eatch what Isaid? Sorry.I can understand you.
A.mosly主要地Bnerly几乎;满近C.hardly几乎不 2.[2020·江苏南通]David is crary about (hinese history. He visits the
maseums fis wherever h rvels in Chin=no matter where"无论哪里",引导让步状适从句
Csometines有时Dalways点
A.never从不 Bseldom很少
3.[2020·江苏无锡]-Look,Grandma! click on this icon, and then you can talk to the doctor.
So caxy? Do I need a special number or omething?
A.Simple as简单的B.p仅只要Faad容易的DEasidd容地 eats out becuse his wie always makes
4.[2020·海南模拟]Uncle Liang


seldom很少,表示否定,酿反意疑问句时,后边句子 delicious food for him.
用肯定形式seldom放在句首句子要用部分倒装。 Coften
A.seldomB.sometimes
5.[2020·山西模拟]If one of your friends sends you a message to borrow money on
first to make nure of that.had better do最做… the Internet, you'd better phone him
had better not do最我不做……
B.directly C.finally
A.recently
6.[山东东营]lf you want to get on well with your classmates,you'd beter not think to much about yoursei. Beaus 1 eiflenel无私的)child is popular
C.where D.wherever
A.somewhere B.everywhere
7.[浙江温州七leari c good w.{etty l qe ed d p n out ol t he cdassrcoms D.exritedly zfamous著名的,闺名的 A.sadly B.quietly C.angrily Mun is a popular show these days. Some wll known stars well-nown合成形容询,类 8.[山西]Rwnring
似的词还有kind-hearted, challenge themselves to finish all kinds of tasks in it.
C.easily be worth doing值得做…… easy-going等
A.luckily B.bravely
9.[河北]The movie covers all of Chinese history. It is worth seeing again.
C.ponsibly D.hardly
B.really
A.mainly
星推荐 一本辑初中英语
10.[湖北黄冈]There has never been such a beautiful village world.
A.anywhere B.everywhere C.omewhere
11.[四川眉山]-Mom,canI doj much work in -Dear.I think you can.
A.HO:80 B.such: No C.so; such else in the
swch alantadlj+可数名词单数 =50+adj+alant可数名词单数
D.nowhere
a short time? so much+不可数名词 s0 many可数名词复数
D.such: such
研究考题 提分要义
题点 把握形容词和副词的词形变化规则,准确判断词性
通过辨析副词与形容词以及相互转化之间的规律,在解答试题时要根据具体的语境和 在句中所充当的句子成分来判断应该用形容词还是副词,同时注意副词因不同的语法 作用在句中的位置的转换。 taste是系动词意为家起来",其应该接形容词作表语 典例1[青海西宁]The soup tastes because it's too salry.I put salt into it
类似单词还有:feel.scond.smelLoox等 100 in a hurry.
A.terribly: carefully
B.terrible: carefully
C.terrible: carelessly
D.terribly carelensly
[解析]向意:因为太盛,这滴会起来大糟账了,我勿忙中不小心欢了太多的盐" terrible是形容词,副词形式是erribly.系动词taste后面必须是形容词:carefully "闻心地"是 词,而carelek ly"粗心地.也是副词根据向意可知选(项
典例2[广州]Emma looked after her pet dog of all her friends.
A.careful
B.most careful
C.more carefully
D.the mnost carefully
[解析]因为题干后给出了比较范围"of all herfriends",因此本题用最高级,排除 A项和C项:又因为空白处用来修饰动词短语,所以用副词最高级,政选D项,
题点 利用副词的位置解题


副词通常位于行为动词之后; 度副词作状语时,通靠放在行为动问之前,情态动词、 助动词和b(动词之后:真程度别词一般放在所億布的形客词和刷词的煎面低 enough作 词用时通常放在被修饰词的后面:副词作定语时.一般放在被修饰的名 词之后。 典例1-Can you hear me? 悄悄话: 做题一定要有耐心,一般要分两步走,一步一步 -No. I can't.Would you please spenk 来哄! A.clearly cnough B.clear enough C.enough clear D.enough clearly [解析]句意: 你能听清楚我说的话吗?一 不,我不能。你能说得清楚一些 吗?修饰动词speak应当用副词clearly,持除B.C两项;副词enough修饰副词 clearly.enough放在后面,故选A项
典例2-Do you know -No,I don't,But I know she is a doctor.
A.the man downstairs
B.the downstairs man
C.the woman downstairs D.the downstair woman,看置定话修名词表示特指要加the [解析]句意:-你认识楼下的那位女士吗? 不认识,但我知道她是一名医生。
由答语中shc 断,这是一位女注。  dwnstars,作走语缘饰woman.放在名词之后, 故选C项。
专题六 连词
学习小贴士: 是连接单词、短法、从句或句子的 一种虚词,它不能在句中单独作任何
同学教材 复习重点
成分,但大多数连词有词汇意义,连 词在句中往经不需要重读。
考点16并列连词及从属连词
一、并列连词
1.并列连词的种类
[1.并列连词的种类
并列连词指连接对等关系 的单词、短话或句子的连接 词,因此,并列连词只能连 疼两个作相同语法成分的词]

"语法作用":"表示并列"
"举例":"and(和,又);not only...bt also...(不仅……而且.……);:as well as(也); both..a-......都),neither...nor..,(-不·…也不.>)"

"语法作用":"表示转折"
"举例":"but(但是);while(而);yet(然而);however(然而)"

"语法作用":"表示选择"
"举例":"or(或者);either...o...(或者……或者.……)"

"语法作用":"表示因果"
"举例":"for(因为);so(因此);therefore(因此)"
并列连词指连接对等关系 的单词、短话或句子的连接 词,因此,并列连词只能连 疼两个作相同语法成分的词
2.并列连词的用法
或句子。
(1)表示并列关系的连词
and连接的对象可以是两 表示井男关累的连词有and, both...-.tither.i.not on'l.thut alo.等 个或多个,连接三个或三个 Shelikes o  sporisanpmusic. 陆喜欢运动又喜欢丧乐
以上对象时,通带在前面的 My mother bought not only food but also drink.我母亲不但买了食品,面且买了 对象之间用追号,最后两个之
饮料。
间用and连接。
[注意] 主话是两个人或物 ①borh..8n...以违接句子成分相同的词话,如果用它连接主语,谓 动词要用复 数形式。
谓语动词不用单三形式 Both Li Ping and her mother take exercise every morning.李萍和她妈妈每天早晨 都进行锻炼, 这就叫就近愿刚",neither. Mnot only...butalso..可以连接句中句子或分相同的部分,如果用它连接主语,话 nor..either..r.也是类似 动词的形式应根据but alo后面的主语形式确定。not only...but nlso...连接两个 用法 句子时,如果not only位于句首,它连接的句子用 装句、第二个句子不 装。
Not only!I but also my mnotheris going to the museum.不但我而且我妈妈也要去
博物馆。
→谓活动词由my mother的形式决定
Not only did he speak more corretly.bur he spoke more eaily.他不仅洗得更准 确了,而且说得更容易了。
(2)表示转折关系的连词


however后边等裂追号,but后没 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while,however等,都可以意为"然面"。 有追号 I likce summer while my sister lies sring.我喜欢夏天而我妹妹喜欢春天 [注意]but不能与although.though出现在同一个于中,只能用某一
(3)表示选择关系的连词
表示选择关系的连词有or,either......n.t...等
The meal is not for one:but formany to enjoy. 这顿饭不是为了一个人,而是供大 家享用的。
增乐趣
(4)表示因果关系的连词
for和becanse的运别: 表示因果关系的连词有so.for等。
for意为"因为",表示原因,主要用来进行补克并列连词for连接的分句
说明。
>have to do不得不做…….须做…… 只能放在句尾,前面用追号 It began to rain,so we had to stay here.天开始下雨了,因此我们不得不待在 隔开,表示补充说明或者提 这里。
供推断的满由;从属连询 I must be off now,for it's rnather cold outside.我得走了,因为外面相当冷。 because表示的是一种明确 I soon fel asleep,for Iwas tired.我很快就人睡了,因为我太累了。 的因果关系,解释原因,可位
[注意]because和so不能出现在同一个句子中,只能用其一。
于主句刺,也可位于主句,席 回答why引导的问句.
3.并列连词连接的常用句型
(1)and用在"析使句十and十简单句 句型中,表示语义上的原承,此结构中的祈使句 可以转换为证引导的条件句,这时陈述句前的and应去掉, 计f引导条件状话从句,从句 Work hard, and you ll he succesful.f you work hard, you'll he sucesftu 用一般现在时,主句用一般 只要努力,你一定会成功。
(2)or用在"新使句+or+简单句"匈型中,表示语义上的转折关系,意为"否则,要不将来时(即主将从现)
然"。与If you don't... you will. 。
Come on,or you will be late for school.
=If you come on,you won't be late for school.
=If you don't come on, you will be late for schol.
快点儿,否则你上学会迟到的。
二、从属连词 从属连词是连词的一种,用来引导名词性从句如实请从句或状语从句
1.从属连词的种类
[1.从属连词的种类
宾语从句还可以由疑问代词 或疑问副润引导whowhom.]
"表示时间":"表示原因和结果"
"when(当……时);while(与……同时);as(正当……时);  efore丫在…- 十); after (在. …-. );until(到….时候,直 到…….才);since(自……以来);as soon as(-…就.……)":"because(因为);since(既然);as(由于);so(因此)"
"表示时间":"表示条件"
"when(当……时);while(与……同时);as(正当……时);  efore丫在…- 十); after (在. …-. );until(到….时候,直 到…….才);since(自……以来);as soon as(-…就.……)":"if(如果);unless(如果不,除非);as long as(只要)"
"表示时间":"表示让步"
"when(当……时);while(与……同时);as(正当……时);  efore丫在…- 十); after (在. …-. );until(到….时候,直 到…….才);since(自……以来);as soon as(-…就.……)":"though,although(虽然,尽管);even if/though(即使)"


"表示时间":"表示疑问"
"when(当……时);while(与……同时);as(正当……时);  efore丫在…- 十); after (在. …-. );until(到….时候,直 到…….才);since(自……以来);as soon as(-…就.……)":"if/whether(是否)"
"表示时间":"表示方式"
"when(当……时);while(与……同时);as(正当……时);  efore丫在…- 十); after (在. …-. );until(到….时候,直 到…….才);since(自……以来);as soon as(-…就.……)":"as(像,如同……样);just as(正如……一样);as if(好像)"
"表示时间":"表示比较"
"when(当……时);while(与……同时);as(正当……时);  efore丫在…- 十); after (在. …-. );until(到….时候,直 到…….才);since(自……以来);as soon as(-…就.……)":"as..as(.和·……-样);not so...as(不如·.……- ); than(比…· 更…·)"
"表示时间":"表示目的"
"when(当……时);while(与……同时);as(正当……时);  efore丫在…- 十); after (在. …-. );until(到….时候,直 到…….才);since(自……以来);as soon as(-…就.……)":"so that(以便,为的是……·)"
宾语从句还可以由疑问代词 或疑问副润引导whowhom.
2.从属连词的用法
what.which,whose.where.
(1)引导宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether等
why.how等 I'm glad thant you're ready to help others,我很高兴你乐于帮助别人。 宾语从句用际,述话序
I don't knowif shehasgone to Guangzhou.我不知道 是否已经去了广州, [注意]连词that引导宾语从时,that在句中不作任何成分,在口语或垂正式文体中常 have/has gone to sp.某人
去了某地(在路上或到3日 省鸡 的地,已经不在这里)
(2)引导状语从句的从属连词。
①引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when,while,after, efore,since,til/unti,as s0on等 "since+过去的时间-ago/表示一般过去时的句子"时,主句用现在完成时 We've lived here since 1994.自1994年以来我们一直住在这里, A,when和while均可引导时间状语从句,意为"当-…-的时候"。when既可以引导 持续性动作,又可以引导冠 性动作,而while引导的动作必 是持续性的,whilee 还可以表示两个动作同时进行,while ceaning the room(当前后主话一致时,可以省略从句的"主+be) She is singing while she is cleaning the room.她边打扫房间边唱歌
When he arrvd home it was just nine o'clock.他回家时正好九点。 Wihile bews cont n动词,可用wiehen引导 When she was cooking,the telephone rang. When the telephone rang. shr was cooking. →rang为短暂性动词,只能用when引导 她正在做饭时电话响了。
B.icc=自从……·>·连同所连接的从专中的语动问常过主句通
常是一般现在时或现在完成时。
Cas soon as-----就…-,、连词所在的句子中,若主句是一般将来时,从句要 用一般现在时表示将来的意义, D.til/unti 导的从句有以下两种情况:;s.表示"直到……,主从句都用背定武;表 示"直到……**主句多用非延续性动词,且谓语要用定形式,从句用肯定形式, I worked till it was dark.我一直工作到天黑。
可与after引导的句子互换


[1 dd'tget op unti my mother alled me,直到我妈妈给我打电话,我才起床 =I got uP after my mother ②引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as,because,simce等 called me Since everybody is here, let's begin.既然大家都在这里,我们开始吧 ③引导条件状语从句的从属连词有。unlens,a longas等 可以与i引导的条件状语从句互换 He will not come unles he is invited除非被邀请,否则他是不会来的。 (unlessif not) ④引导目的状语从句的从属连词有sothat,in order that等。 He will not come if he is ot invited He left arly so that be couldceatch the early b ,他早早也离开了以便能赶上早
班车。
such与s0的用法区别 @引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so/surh..that..
名前such,形副50, such..that与so..that的区别:
多多少少也用50。 A such是形容词.他所修等的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词:名词前lite属特 面可以带形容词,也可以不带。如果其后是单数可数名词.前面要加不定冠词a或小用sach,少用so. an.因此,such..that的句型结构可分为以下三种
a.such+a/antadj,+可数名词单数+that从句
She is sue a clever gi l that s e can work out the math pro lemn quickly,她是如此
聪明的一个女孩,能很快解出数学问题,=so clevera qirl
b.such+adj.+可数名词复数十that从句
They are such exciting movies that I want to watch them again.它们是如此让人兴
奋的电影,以至于我还想再看一次
c.such+adj,+不可数名词+that从句,不可数名词前不用冠词
It was such bad weather that I could mot go out.天气如此糟糕,我不能外出了。 B 是y词,与形容可或副词注用,其结构是:s ad.ads.+(hat从句。 He ran so fast that Icouldnt catch opwith him.他跑得 此快,以至于我 不 上他 悄悄话当little表示"小"修可数名词时,其用such,不用s0,如 [注意] Ihave never seen such litle horses我从未见过这么小的马。 ①多名词前面有may, much.few.litdle等表示数量多少的限定词时,应该用30 There betn*doing sth 而不使用such, 有·……正在做…
Thtrewere omay prople in ite sret wathaing hefi'e hat irefiehters culd There is a boy running not get close to the building,街上有那么多人观看大火,以至于消防质无法接近 in the Playground有一个
男孩正在换场上跑步, ②当单数名词前有形容时,既可用H.也可用such.但不定过词的位置有所不同。
Paris is such a wonderful place that a lot of people come to visit it every year.
一Parisis so wonderfula place hat a lot of people come to visit it every year.
巴黎是一个急常好的地方,每年都会有很多人来参观。
增乐趣
6引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though,aithough,eveni hough,nomatter how/what等
学习小贴士:
A.由though,although引导的让步状语从句,后面的主句不能有but,但可以用 no matter who=whoever yet,still等。
无论是谁
Alough/Thogh it's hard work, yet-sill coy iti管这是一份苦差事,但我很愿意干」 "no matter whenwhenever


B.wh-ever等疑问词可以引导让步统语从句,有时 可与"nom atter+wh引导的让 无论何时 步状语从句互换, no matter wherewherever Watever/No mater wiat you do.you soulddo it wel.不管你做什么事,都要
无论在哪儿 做好。
(3)引导其他从句的从属连词, that,who,whom,which,wten,where,why等可以引导主 从句、表语从句和定语
从句。
When the new museum will open to the public has not been made clear,(主语 从句)这座新的博物馆何时向公众开放还没有确定下来。谓语
主语(主语从句)
[提分必练]
even though即便",别导让步状话从句 1.[2020·贵州安顺]Even if we learn something well.we will forget it we use it.
A.while B.until C.unless 除非,如果不if.not 2.[2020·山东东营]Many students hated to have classes on DingTalk. they
gave it one star reviews(评价)
A.so B.or C.but D.while
3.[2020·四川攀枝花]-My parents are crazy about Ranning Man,How about your parents?
my mom likes it Thay r reredit n r ,也不两者都不) my dad
A.Not only: but also不但…·而且 B.Both:and两者都 nature n大自然
D.Neither: nor
C.Either: or
natural adj自然的 4.[2020·山西模拟 When you're tired,you can get close to the nature beauty n美 you'll feel rela xed in the beauty all around. 近:接近 beautiful adj美丽的 B.and C.but A.or beawtifally adv美丽地 5.[2020·山东菏泽模拟]-Irealy want to pass the xam for further study Believe in yourself,dear!Your dream will come true you put your 全神贯注于…… heart into it.
A.even if B.as long as C,as soon as
遇到网难
6.[2020·广东深圳模拟]-Do you still remember our primary school teacher, Mrs,Liu?
difficnlt adj团难的 -Yes,she always encouraged us and gave us support
dlifficnlty n困难可用作 we met 复数> difficutis.=no matter when
A.whenever B. whatever C. however
7.[2020·湖北成宁模拟]-What have you learnt after three years sudy in China,各-种"花" Maria?
物作主语:sth.+cost+钱 -I was taught knowledge Rood manners.
时间
A.either: or B.not only; but also C.neither; nor D.not; but 人作主语5b.+spend+钱的 8.[2020·广东模拟]"A white elephant" means omething that is useless, 间+on sth/doing sthjsh+
that导定语从句,修something it may cost a lot of money.
Pay+钱+for sth
A.unless B.until C.since D.although 工作主语江ttakes sb.+
9.[湖北黄石]Confucius once said,"Everything has beauty, not everyone 时间+to do sth
sees it.
A.but B.or
D.as
C.and
表示不是每个人都,部分否定,后 边动词用单三形式 初中英语


10.[四川泸州]-Look!Some people are ruaning the red lights. 闯红灯
We should wait others are breaking the rule.
A.if B.unless C,although D.because
11.[山东德州]Many people like reading newspapers they can learn what's happening in the world.
A.so that B.ever since C.as s0on As D.even though
12.[湖北黄冈]-Mike,what were your parents doing at 8:00 last night? -My rmot her was reading my father was playing computer games.
A.while B.when C.unless D.as long as
13.[福建福州] my cousin is very young. she can help with the house work. although.though不能与burt连用
A.Once:不填 B. Though: but C.Alrhough:不填 过去分词短话作后置定话修名词, 14.[四川成都]-How do you like the concert given by F.1.R.? 加定魅词the,表示特拍
Exciting. one pirce of the music wasn't played quite well.
A.though B.because C.so D.and
研究考题 提分要义
题点利用上下句逻辑关系判断连词
通过理解句意,根据理解上下文之间的选择、转折、因果、让步等逻辑关系,选用适当的 连词,使上下文通颗、连贯,beproudojtake pride ing.…….感到 人.后边可酿名词威动名词 典例1[山西]I am really proud of my group we're always discussing and sharing study secrets together. How important the group work is!
A.because B.though C.unless
[解析]向意:我真的为我的团队而自豪,因为我们总是一起讨论并分享学习的秘 读。团风的力量多么重要啊!根据句意可知上下句之间为因果关系,选Aa。 典例2[山东潍坊] Jack was a litle disappointd, he still went on with his work
仍然继续,暗示前边用尽管
A.Although B.Because C.Since D.Hf
[解析]句意:尽管杰克有点失望,但他仍热继续工作,上下文之间为让步关系,故 用aithough引导让步状语从句。
if别导实话从句时可匀 whether互换,但是计通带 利用语法结构判断连词
不与or not连用,而whether 掌握引导状语从句,宾语从句的从属连词的基本用法,能在具体语境中正确运用连词。 以 典例1-Do you think Xiaoming can pass the ih shool etranre cam or not'  don't know fwhether it Sorry. I've no idea.
will ain tomorrow
A.that B.which C.if D.whether 我不知道明天是否会下雨。 [解析]句意:--你认为小明是否能够通过中考? 对不起,我不知道,由句
I wonder whether it is big 子中的or not可  ,这里考查的是whether.or not用法,故选(项, enough or not 典例2The girl is anice girl we all want to help her. 我不知道它是否足够大 A.such: that B,t00:to C.so:that D,very: that [解析]句意:这个女孩是如此好,以至于我们都想帮助她,s.tht*sch.that 均可以引导结果获语从句.such修悔名词,8G修 形容阅或 词,此处修饰anice girl.应用such,故选A项, 典例3[重庆]Stop smoking,Joe!You yourself if you keep on doing it like that!
A, will kill B.have killed C.kill D.killed


[解析]句意:我烟吧,Joe!如果你继续那样做的话,将会害死你自己!在含有if 引导的条件状语从动的主从复合向中从引用一仅现在时,生向用一段将来叶表课 语中含有情态动词,故选A项,
专题七 数词
同学教材 复习重点
考点17 基数词及序数词
基数词
1.基数词的构成
2.基数词的用法
[2.基数词的用法
前边有具体数字或mary ①hundred,thousandmilion, bilion的用法 在表示精确数量时。hundred(百).thousand(),milion(百万),bilio(十亿)不用]

2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty

3 three 13  30 thirty

4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty

5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty

6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty

7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy

8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty

9 nine 19  90 ninety

21 twenty-one 100 one hundred

32 thirty-two 110 one hundred and ten

43 forty-three 420 four hundred and twenty

54 fifty-four 1000 one thousand

65 sixty-five 2615 two thousand. six hundred and fifteen

76 seventy-six 1000000 one million

87 eighty-seven

98 ninety-eight
前边有具体数字或mary ①hundred,thousandmilion, bilion的用法 在表示精确数量时。hundred(百).thousand(),milion(百万),bilio(十亿)不用
复数形式背hunded,thond与"+复数名词"连用时,表示模朝概念,这时hndredo上千的 thousands of成千上万的 hundred,thousand,milion,billion等要用复数形式。 约数 There are two hundred people in the hall,大厅里有200个人, millions of数育万的 There are hundreds of people in the hall大厅里有数以百计的人。 >billions of数十亿的 ②基数词表示顺序、编号
一个NOI Middle School第一中学 基词表示顺序、编号时、由*单数名词+某数词"构成.此时名词和基数词的第 Lesson One the first lesson 字母通常大写, Iam inChs0ne-Girade Nine,我在九年级一班.英语中表示地点先说小地方,后说大地方 He lives in Room 302.他住在302房间, You ceantake the No.3bus=You can ta ke Bu sNo.3.你可以乘 3铬公交车。 ③基数词的特殊位置
一般来说,基数词常用来表示精确的数量,它放在名词的前面,当another,more等 对数词进行限定时,要注意相互之间的位置关系:"anouhlr十+基数词+名词复数": 数r词。这两种表达都表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量:表示"再,易,又,还"的义
Can you have another two egg?你能再吃两个鸡蛋吗? She has got five more books to read.她还有五本书要读。
④"整十"的复数形式可表示几十年代或某人几十多岁 in the 1990%在20世纪90年代 悄悄话"in onest整十复数"注意中间用"ne'",不用the. He began to teach when he was in his thirie,从30多岁开始教学
学习小贴士: ①其他与基数词有关的应用不止一小时了,所以长边用复数
基数词,不难记,我出规律很 one/an hour and a half one and a half hours一个半小时 基数词前 every表示每一段时 或每隔一段时间i very ten days 每10 天成 隔容易; 9天
一至十二形各异,一个一个单
二、序数词
独记;
1.序数词的构成


[1.序数词的构成
添加teen为"十几",thirteen.]
"基数词的形式":"一般"
"变序数词的规则":"在基数词后加上-th"
"举例":"four→fourth"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":"提一提,它后只有一个七; 表示"几十"要加ty.twenty,"
"基数词的形式":"以-t结尾"
"变序数词的规则":"在基数词后加-h"
"举例":"eight-eighth"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":"thirty是特例;"
"基数词的形式":"以-e结尾"
"变序数词的规则":"去e再加-th"
"举例":"nine→ninth"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":"forty.fifty更厉害,和eighty- 起搞特殊;"
"基数词的形式":"以-ve结尾"
"变序数词的规则":"改ve为f,再加-th"
"举例":"five→fifth"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":"表示数字"几十几",连宇符"
"基数词的形式":"以-ty结尾的整十数"
"变序数词的规则":"改y为ie,再加-th"
"举例":"twenty-twentieth"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":"别忘记;"
"基数词的形式":"20以上的两位数"
"变序数词的规则":"只变个位数"
"举例":"thirty-two→thirty-second"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":"十系;"
特殊变化 还有一点需注意"几百"之后 one→first,two→second,three→third -S去
"基数词的形式":"基数词"
"变序数词的规则":"序数词"
"举例":"数字写法"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"one"
"变序数词的规则":"first"
"举例":"1st"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"two"
"变序数词的规则":"second"
"举例":"2nd"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"three"
"变序数词的规则":"third"
"举例":"3rd"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"four"
"变序数词的规则":"fourth"
"举例":"4th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"five"
"变序数词的规则":"fifth"
"举例":"5th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"six"
"变序数词的规则":"sixtb"
"举例":"6th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"seven"
"变序数词的规则":"seventh"
"举例":"7th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"eight"
"变序数词的规则":"eighth"
"举例":"8th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"nine"
"变序数词的规则":"ninth"
"举例":"9th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"ten"
"变序数词的规则":"tenth"
"举例":"10th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"eleven"
"变序数词的规则":"eleventh"
"举例":"11th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"twelve"
"变序数词的规则":"twelfth"
"举例":"12th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"twenty"
"变序数词的规则":"twentieth"
"举例":"20th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"twenty-one"
"变序数词的规则":"twenty-first"
"举例":"21st"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"twenty-two"
"变序数词的规则":"twenty-second"
"举例":"22nd"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"twenty-three"
"变序数词的规则":"twenty-third"
"举例":"23rd"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"twenty-four"
"变序数词的规则":"twenty-fourth"
"举例":"24th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"one hundred"
"变序数词的规则":"one hundredth"
"举例":"100th"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""
"基数词的形式":"one hundred and one"
"变序数词的规则":"one hundred and first"
"举例":"101st"
"1 一 o,nrt fteen仔细,ihte要":""


添加teen为"十几",thirteen.
某些固定搭配中,序数词前
2.序数词的用法
(1)序数词表示序时,其前需用定冠词the,后面接单数名词。
不用慰词: The second lesaon is more diffiult than the firat one.第二课比第一课难。 first of all首先
at first起初 [注意]在序数词前冠词和形容词性物主代调不可同时使用
at first thought 一
(2)表达日期。在表达"某月某日"时,"日"要用序数词。
at first sight 下一看 on February 12th=on 12th February在2月12日
on October1st,1949在1949年10月1日
(3)序数词前也可用不定冠词a(an),表示"再…….又.……"
带分数莫着意前加整致 I've tried twice,but 'll try a hird time.我已 过再次了,但我将再试一次. 就可以,分母若是二种
(4)表达分数。用数词表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母要用序数词:如果分子大于1 四,half.quarter可代替。 时,分母要用复数。即:"分子基,分母序,分子大于1.分母加-"。
one fourth 四分之一:two fifths五分之二
[注意]
①带有分数的词组作句子的主语时,请语动词的单、复数形式要与分数后名词的数保 持一致.不可数名词用单数形式
Two thirds of the work is hard to finish,三分之二的工作难完成。
Two thirds of the students in or cass are Lege members,我们班里三分之二的 复数名词用复数形式 学生是团员。
外,一四分之一常圈  quarter表示:"四分之三"常用three quarters表示!"二分 之一"常用=half表示。
[提分必练]
1.[2020·黑龙江龙东]My son is years old. Today is his birthday.
A.twelve: twelve B.twelve: twelfth C.twelfth: twelve 序数词前要加the
2.[2020·四川遂宁]They worked for days,and finished th task successfully.
in the+整十年代加"在……
A.twelve: two B.twelve:second C.twelfth: two .twelfth; second 年代
3.[2020·四川攀枝花]-Plenty of people went to Americn in
in one'st整十基数词复数 一So they did. My grandfather was one of them.He went there in his "在某人几十多岁时"
A.1990s; thirties 有物主代词,数B1990s; thirty
学习小贴士:
C.the 1990s: thirtieth词前不加魅词 D.the 1990s thirtien
时刻表达法
4.[2020·黑龙江绥化模拟]This is my day to be here.
"时"在前,"分"在后,qwarter, B.the second C.second
A.a second
half不能有;如果出现past
5.[2020·甘肃天水模拟]-How do you say "1:57"in English?
或t0,我们可要看清楚:是 一瓦t's
"分",后是"点",past分后立中
A.three past two
B.fifty-seven past one
间ipast不变,如要减;如果
C.three to onc
D.three to two
表示几点半",要用half past
6.[2020·新疆乌鲁木齐模拟] teenagers went to the university to listen to 加钟点 the speech.
复合数词用以表达计量或
A.Thousand of; 120-minutes B.Thousands of: 120-minutes 数目,节用作形容词,在句中作
C.Two thousands: 120-minutes D.Two thousand: 120-minute 定话,一般不作表语,复合数
7.[2020·湖北威宁模拟]-Who won the first prize of the World Table 词中,如有还宝符出现,名词不 Tennis Charpionship?
用复数形式。
-You mean the match held in ?Ma Long did.


a three-monsh-old baby
A.fifty-four: German
B.fifty-fourth; Germany 一个3个月的儿
C.fifty-fourth: German
D.fifty-four: Germany
未涂书 初中美语
8.[2020·黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟]He has failed times, but he.won'lgive upn分数作定话修作主话的 chance.
名词时,后面谓话动词的形
A.third: four
式由被修饰的名词来决定, B.three: fourh C.third:fourth
此处water为不可数名词, 9.[重庆]'s said that of the water around the world polluted. 谓语动词用单三形式.但当
A.two third:has
B.1wo thirds; have C.two third: are D.two thirds: is poPuwlation被分数修时,谓
10.[湖南郴州]The workers will complete the new bridge in
语动词用复数形式,如:
A.two and a half months B.two months and half
Three quarters of the C,two and a half month =two months and a half
Porulation are Chinese in
11.[四川自贡]-Have you finished your work today?
Singapore
No.I need
A.two anot her hours
B.another wo hours another数字+复数名词
C.more two hours
D.two other hours =数字+more+复数名词
研究考题 提分要义
题点 判断hundred/thousand/million等是否加"一"
hun dredl百),thousand(千) milion(百万 , ilion十亿 作基数词的单位时.不用复 数形式.且与具体的数字搭配.当与of构成短语时,才能加一、.
典例1[福建福州]-Where were you born,Michael?
-I was born in a small village with only three pcople.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of [解析]句意: 适克尔,你在哪里出生的? 我出生在一个仅有三百人的小 庄里.hundred前而有算体 字时用单载形式,故速A埔.
典例2[2020·湖南益阳]We all know that hirds fly to Dongting Lake in scores of许多,大量,几十个 winter.
hundreds of成百上千的 A.million 我millions C.millions of
thousands of成千上万的 [解析]句意:我们都知远冬天有钱百万只鸟飞到洞庭湖.考查数词的用法, millions of数百万 million百万、当million前有具体基教词时,million原形:当million前没有具体 billions of数十亿 基教词时,用millioso!短语表示"数议百万计的"从根据趋于可如交前流有基貌 词,此处用millions of,故选C项。
题点2 熟练掌握基础知识
在复习过程中,要系统归纳、熟练幸握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法.特别是 日期☆时刻,年龄分数的表达形式.这样解题才能要心应手, 共 [山东南]ow many Aericanstudeunts came to visit your nchool yesterday? the other.
Nine.Five are from New York,and the other are from Boston.另外的….其他的…
A.two B.three C.four D.five
[解析]句意:昨天有多少个关国学生来参观你们学 ?-九个,五个来自 纽约,其余的四个来自波士顿,考查数字的用法,根据9-5=4可知选C项,
星推荐一本号 初中英速
在wlast.nextthis.that,
介词和介词短语 专题八 复习重点 同学教材
some.every等开头的表 示时间的短话之前的 aton.in通等要省略。
如We meet every day
我们每天见面。
考点18时间介词
有形容词修morningafterncon. 常用时间介词辨析at也可用在年龄前常用于一般过去时 evening时也用介词on


1.at, in onHe became a doctor at the age of 27.
(1a常用于其体的时制或较短育的时间铜R:a ight o'clkc .nt this momen.n' noon,at night. 2)in表示某个较长的时间,如世纪、朝代、年、月,四季或泛指一天的早、中,晚等。如:
in the 21st century,in 2020,in winter,in the evening
(3)on表示确定的时间,常用于日期、星期、具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或一般 节日前。如:onMay4.2021:anSaturday:on Teachers'Day:on Sunday morning.
[注意]在以this,that,next,last,tomorrow,yesterday等开始的 示时间的词 leave for sp.动身去某地 或词组前不用介词。
leave A for 8.离开A地去地 She will jeave for Shanghai tomorrow morning她明天早上将动身去上海。
2.sc与g、.sirce也可作延调,引导时间状语从向.尽句一号用现在晚成,从句用一职过去
(1)sine后跟时间点,从某时延续到现在,通常与完成时连用,这个点"是过去的时间点 Jack has lived here since 1993.杰克从1993年就住在这儿。
(2)for后跟时间段,强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种
时态连用.谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
We will stay in Shanghai for two weeks.我们将在上海待两周。
L Hun h y een a mem ber of the League for three years.李华成为共青团员已经
三年了。
3.afer 与in after也可作连词引导时间状语从句
(1)"after十时间段"表示以过去为起点的一段时间,常用于过去时."after+时 点" 表示将来某个时间之后,常用于将来时,起点不同"点""有别
After two days,they reached London.两天后,他们到达了伦敦。
Iwillattend a mee ing after3p.m.在下午三点后我将参加一个会议。
(2)"in+时间段"表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一段时间之后,常用于将来时。
Myfather willbe back in three days,我爸爸将在三天后回米, [注意]"i十时间段"还可表示"在……' 內".常用于完成时或过去时. 悄悄话:
In the past ea:great c ages have takcn plrc ar' lometowna在过去的3年过去多少年以未现在完
成时连用
里。我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
4.until,by与before
(Dunti用于否定句中.意为"直到.…·☆*.前的请语动 需用短 性动 :用在肯 定句中,意为"直到…·为止",其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词。 注意主从句时态变化 原时主将从现注过从过 Ididn' wake up u til Mary called me.直到玛 给我打电话时我才醒来。 Iwill not leave here until my mother cames back.直到妈妈回来我才离开这儿。 I waited for my mother until she came home.我一直等到妈妈回家。
(2)by+4间,点=表不 到.…….·",如果by后跟一个过去的间点,句子的谓语动"byt现在~→视在完*时 词应用过去完成时:如果by后是表将来的时间,则句子谓语动词为将来时, "by+过去"→过去完成时 By the ime l got ap,my siser had washed all the lorhe,s我起床时,我姐姐已"by将来"一般将来时或
将未完成时 经洗完了所有的衣服
We will reach the top of the hill by 10:00,我们将在10点到达山顶。
(3)before(earlier than)在某时之前,不包括某时之内, You must finish th work before Sunday.你必须在周日之前完成这项工作.
[提分必练]
L·[2020·江苏 通]Myuncle's reviewson he four great classialChinese novecls may be published the nummer of 2021.*某天/某天的上、下午、晚上
A.in+年,月,李节 B.on Cat+时刻1V年龄D.for+一段时间


2.[2020·青海模拟]Don't stay inside such a sunny morning.Let's go out for a walk
前面有形容词修饰morning.表示,具体某一天的早上用介词on
A.at
B.in
C.onhow soon提问等inr时间段"回答是"绝配
3.[2020·广东模拟]--How soon will we get the offer from a new high school? about two months
A.In
B.For C.Among D.During
4.[山东潍坊]Nobody left the office 10 o'clock.nobody表否定意义,可联酬
not.until结构
A.on Bin
C.until D.1o
5.[湖北黄冈]-Junior high school days will be over a week.How are you 看到"will想到in" feeling?
"i一段时间"用于将来时 -I'm trying to keep my cool because we 've been together three years.
A.in: in B.for: in C.in: for D.for: for
6.[重庆]They usually go shopping their lunch break.
A.azainst B.among C.between D.during
7.四川凉山州]-Do you know Victory Day in China?
有了each,this.last,前面不再 Yes,it's September 3rd each year, It tells he world that o  in Chiese popl love pea ce and hate wars,Chinese people will ever forget che history.
A.in: on B.ont/ C.at:/ D.oni in
8.[江苏连云港]-When did the eartbquake in Lushan happen? 千万不要被"in"迷惑!注意 -It happened 8:02 the morning of April 20.2013. 后边指具体某一天的早上
A.on: in B.at:in C.at: on D.on: on
考点19方位介词 on-
常用方位介词辨析
i→
1.表示"方位"的on,in与to。
to=
(1)on表示两地是相邻接壤的关系。
China is on the west of Korea.中国在朝鲜的西部。
(2)in表示在某一地区内的某方位,属于该范围的。
Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国的北部, (3)t表不在某一地区外的某方位,不属于该范围且不接坏, Gu ngdong lies to he south of Henan.广东在河南的南边。
2.表示"在……·"的over,above与on。
(垂直)正上方 水早上方,高于……
(1)over强调某一物体在另外物体的正上方,属垂直关系,但不接触, -Above over There was a lamp hanging over the tuable,桌子上方吊着一盏灯。
(2)above泛指在上方,不强调乘直关系,而且两个物体不接触, Raise your arms above your head.把你的手臂举过头顶。
below -nder
(3)on指在上面,而且两个物体有接触面, 正下方 水平下方,能于……
(垂直)
I can see a computer on the desk,我看到桌子上有一台电脑。
3.表示"在……下方"的under与below
(1under可以是on的反义词,也可以是over的反义词,表示正下方。 The cat is under the chair,这只猫在椅子下面。 (2)below是above的反义词,不一定表示正下方。
Theue atre alot of f hes elow the sur.ace of the water.水而下有许多种类的鱼。
4.后接地点的a与in。fish表示"鱼的种类"时,是可数名词,复数加-8s;指鱼的数量"时,单复数同形, (1)at后接较小的地点,语动词用复数;指"鱼内"时,为不可数名词,无复数形式。
They arrived at the airport just now.他们刚刚到达机场。
(2)in后接较大的地点。
Tina has been in China for many years,带娜在中国已经很多年了。


5.between among的用法。,表示几个两两之间,也用between 介词berween表示"在两者之间",而among表示"在三者或多者之中"。 Mr.Beownisst ndinx btweenMaryandEmmn在朗先生站在吗丽和艾玛之间. We often exercise between classes in the day,在白天的课与课之间我们经常锻炼、 让here is a beautiful house among the tvees.在柯林中有一座漂亮的房子.
6.in front of与in the front of的区别。
in front of和in the i努ont of 只差一个定冠词the,但用法不同:前者意为"在……前面".前后所指的内容不存在包含关系;而后者意为"在··的前面",前后所指的 内容存在包含关系。
The pine tree lis in front of the classroom.松树在教室的前面。
The desk is in the front of the classroom.书桌在教室的前面。
7.in the tree与on the tree的区别。
in thetreec和on the tree都可表示"在树上",但用法不同:前着一般指本身不是树上 的事物,而后者一般指树上本身长的东西。
Ican see some birds in thetre.我能看到 上有一些鸟。
There are some pears on the tree.树上有一些梨。
8.in the wall与on the wall的区别。
in the wall表示嵌在墙里,而on the wall表示在墙的表面, There is a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。
There is a map on the wall.墙上有一幅地图, There are two windows in the wall.墙上有两扇窗。
9."在太阳下"用inthe sn,"在某人的帮聊g用wihont's heip一wih:女也e heipof s
Don't read in the sun.别在太阳下看书。
With the teacher's heip.I got some progress,在老师的帮助下,我取得了一些进步"
[提分必练]
on the left/right of在.…·的左/右边
1.[2020·重庆B卷]The bank is the left of the supermarker, It's not far.
A.in B.for C.on D.at
2.[2020·四川乐山]-Jack,can you swim the river?
I don't think I can, I's too wide for me.
A.over在上面 B.across
表面穿过C.through空间穿过
3.[2020·黑龙江龙东]-Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February. -Hubei is far from Heilongjiang.It's the south of Chinn.
nouth of Henan,远离..·…·· n在一内cr相评接壤2t0在外部且不睡壤 against prep.反对;连反
A.in:to B.on:to C.in:om
菲:倚防备 adj.不利的;
4.[2020·江苏扬州]Han clothing is becoming more popuiar young people.
对立的 A.over B.among在多者中C.letwen在两者中 D.about fight/rlay against_与…
5.[2020·江苏无锡模拟]Let's put the piano over there the wall. 对打与…·对抗
A.above B.against C.across D.around go against natwre连背自
6.C2020·江苏苏州 拟]Scared by the loud noise,the rabbits ran off all"煞(规律) directions
"在"·方向"用in
A.on B.at C.in D.by in all directions向四面八方
7.[广东]Many young people put mobile games anything else. thinking little of their normal lives.


A.along with B.behind C.before D.in front of 长得像"cover"吗?所以over 8.[四川乐山]Mrs.King put a coat the sleeping girl to keep her warm. 也有"(部分或全部覆盖)
B.with C.behind
A.over
D.beside 在…之上"的意思
9. 1山东临沂 lceinotoften sen ere in win'eras t e emperature normall stays zero.
潜音记忆
A.up B.down C.above D.helow 树上"长"苹果,想到
10.[湖北恩施州]There are some appies the tree and somne birds are singing zhangion the tree.
A.on: on B.in:on C.on:in
beat vi拍打,高打](beat.
11.[浙江杭州]Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily beaten the windowx.
beat against接连地敲打
A.below B.across C.behind D.against beat heavily猛烈地敲打
12.[山东德州]A woman stood the window,waiching the children playing games in the garden
watch sb.doing看见某人正在做……
A.past B.through C.arross D.by 考点20方式介词及其他介词
一、常用方式介词辨析
1.表示交通方式的by,in与on。
(1)"by十交通工具"。交通工具前不用任何修饰词。
by ship乘船 by plane乘飞机
(2)"on/in+..+交通工具",交 工前要用 访词。在封闭型交 工具前用in,在 开放型或半开放型交通工具前用on, ina car乘小汽车 on my bike骑我的自行车
2.表示"用"的in,with与by。
5ay表示说某,强调说话的内容sPa指
(1)in表示使用某种语言、原料或者表示衣着、声调的特点等。 Can yo may your namne in Eglish?你能用英语说你的名字叫?讲某种语言,如 gpeakEnglish/Chinese
(2)wih表示用具体有形的东西,指具体的工具或身体的某个器官
1 draw the picture with a color pen.我用彩笔画的这幅画, (3)by表示用某种手段或方法,后接名词时,名词前不加冠词:后接动词时,需将动词 变为动名词形式。 谓活动词聚This Pair一致,用单三形式 学习小贴士:
This pait of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的 "别无选样只好做某事"的 The girl made money by selling fowers,这个女孩靠卖花赚钱、 英语短语
3.表示"除·…外"的but,exccpt与besides。
can do nothing birt do; can't help burt do
(1)bur意为"除.…之外",常与表示否定意义的问连用,而几当but前有动词(o点 can't choose but do; do的其他形式时,but后接动词原形。
can't but do; They coald not do anything about it hut wait.他们除了等待,什么也做不了。 have no choice but to do
(2)except意为"除…之外".表示排除cxcept后接的人或事物,即不包含后边的人 或物,侧重于同类事物的排除
We all weat to the Great Wall ecept Ll.Ming.除了李明,我们都去了长城,(李明 没有去)
(3)besides意为"除……还有·…….指在原来的基础上加上除外的人或事物(包括 后边的人或物在内),其前常有other,another,any other,a few等词。
The other peopl went to the Great Wall be ides Li Ming.除了李明其他人也去了
长城,(李明也去了)
4.instead of与instead的区别。
instead of意为"代替",后面接名词、代词或动名词:而instead是副词,意为"代替。 顶替",在句子中作状语,后面不能接任何成分。
He will go insted of me,他将代替我去,介词后用代词的实格形式


She went to school instead of staying at home,她没有待在家里而是上学去了。
Give me this instead.换这个给我吧。
5,c,pt与tragh的区别。用搭配:4o across the streetviverlgrass/ountain
CYO S与past均可表示"从这一边到另一边".但用法不同:across的含义与on有 关,表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的ipas从…….经过.路过through的 义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行的. 悄悄话past是介词,Pass"经过"是动词,过去式passed.本 The dog ran &c你oss te gas.s胸赠过草地:句也可以疑:ftenpass abank when go to work
I often go past a bank when lgo to work,当我上班时我经常要路过一个银行。 gothroghthe dor/building/window/hole/city/forest从门/楼/ 户/洞/城市/森
林中通过
They walked through the forent.他们步行穿过森林, 6.在this,that,these,next,last等组成的时间状语前不用介词。
We are in Grade Two this year.今年我们上二年级。
Tam' s trou le is very common to ost ese days,近来汤姆的问题在男 们中间很 营见。
The next day se go up early and went to shool wi'hout reakfaxs.第二天她起得 =without eating breakfast 很早,并且没吃早饭就去上学了。
without doing sth When did you go to bed last night?你昨晚几点上床睡觉的? 没有做某类,介词无限doing
7.当yesterday,tomorrow用作副词或构成短语时前面不用介词。 Can you be here at eight tomorrow morning?你明早八点能在这里吗?
Were you at home yesterday evening?你昨晚在家吗?
二、其他常见介词的用法
1.over意为"遍及;超过;从……·上面越过"。 My fricnds are,over the world.我的朋友遍天下 Ther more than hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。 The horse jumped over the fence,马跳过栅栏
2.against意为"反对;对抗:靠着,倚着"
We will pay against them this afternoon,今天下午我们要跟他们比赛。
The boy stood against the wall, looking very sad.男孩靠墙站着,看上去很悲伤 with.in的用法区别
3.with的用法。 现在分词短话作伴随状话
with长着:带有
(1)有,带有,表示附有。 She isa beariful grlwith blue es.这是一个有着蓝色眼睛的漂亮女孩:withabig ose长着一个大子
(2)表示伴随。
a house with a garden一所带有花围 Are you going to the park with us?你打算和我们一起去公园吗? 的房子
(3)表示原因。
n插穿什么衣服或什么颜色 My mother is in bed with a bad cold.我母亲得了重感冒,卧病在床。 The girl in red(蜜红色衣服的女孩)
(4)对于,关于.
is my sister Everything is going well with me.对我来说。一切都顺利。 The boy in a blue jacket穿蓝色夹
克衫的男孩) is my brother 星推荐
第一部分词法知识 for的节兄用法
4.from意为"从·…
make.for sb为某人制作某物 We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。
buy.for sb为某人买某物
5.for意为"为,给"
do.for sb为某人做某串 Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。
6.of意为"……·的"
用t不用of的情况 amap of China一幅中国地图 the way to the park


[注意]表示"对于某人"的of sh.与for sh.辨析 the answer to the question
①ofsb.常用于"It is+adi.+ofxb,to da sth."句型中,意为"某人做某事真是大…… the secret to.
了"、形容词为elever.kind.nice等描迷人物性格特的词,of后的人物与形thekeyto
调有主表关系。此处youfrkind可构成"you are kind"主表结构,故用of
It'sso kind of you to help me with my English,你帮助我学习英语,真是大好了。
2forsb.常用于"|ii+adj.+fors.to do sth."句型中.意为"做某事对某人米说
是……。.彩容词为easy,important,necesry等不能描迷人物性格特征的词而
是"佩某事"是……·,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系
It's very important for us o master a foreignlagu gc.掌操-门外带对我们来说
是非常重要的。主表关系
7.without意为"没有",后边可跟doing表示没有做某事。 without doubt毫无疑问 He often goes to work wi'hout brvakf as.经前不吃早餐就去上班.without difficult毫不尽力 We willlhave a party for her without telling her because it's a surprise pary.
我们将为她举办一个晚会,事先不告诉她因为它是一个惊喜晚公.
8.to意为"给,对,到,往"。
give a kite to me把风筝给我:from here to the park从这里到公园.go to school去
上学,
9.during的用法。
during十时间段,与延续性的动词连用,表示在这一段时间内。
He lives with us during these years,这些年他跟我们生活在一起,
[提分必练]
我们所有人
1.[2020·贵州黔东南州]Allof us helped to clean up the old p ople's ome
Eric. He had abad cold.除…之外(还有 …(不包括》
D.with
A.besides B.against反对 C.except
2.[2020·山东青岛]You'd better not hang out after school telling your parents.They may worry about you.
C. without D.after
A.by B.with
3.[2020·贵州黔西南州]The children here improve their English listening and speaking every day.
B.through C.with D.by,有具体日期用or
A.on
4.[2020·甘肃天水模拟] April 22nd,people around the world cclebrate
in cdifferent ways用不同的方法 Earth Dayf difierent ways
in the same way用同样的方法
A.Int in B.Ons in C.In:on D.At: by
win sth赢,得某物
5.[2020·安 模拟]Ourclasaremuch sureto win the askebagame win the match/the qamel
Class Three.
得比赛/游戏/奖励 prize赢
A.of B.in Cagainst D.from
you to lend me your reusable shopping beat sh击败(赢)某人
6.[2020·广东模拟]lt'svery kind bags.
adj环保的可再用的 D.with
A.of B.for C.to
re-前缘,"又,再
星检界
7.[2020·山东青岛模拟]-Which is your new English teaher?
redorer there,"i颜色"表示穿.色的衣服,作质置定话 The young lady
A.with
D.for
B.in C.on
8.[2020·湖北宜昌模报]-Do you have anything eise to say for bing late again? -No.nothing
动词不定式作置定诸 SOrrY.
uPload上传,wPload.to.
A.above B.behind C.from D.but
把"上传到


9.[河北]Yesterday I downloaded a new program the Internet. Now I cam download下载,download. watch TV and movies my comnputer. 由两者都可 到用either from从…上下载…
B.with: in
A.from: on
C.in:with D.on from
10.[湖北鄂州]-What would you like to drink,tea or coffee?
悄悄话: is OK,but i peer coffe milk prefer coffee with milk
A.Either: to B.Either: with C.Neither: to D.Neither: with 更喜欢加奶的咖加啡
11.[甘肃白银]Chinese will be widely used a foreign language around the 此处易错解为pefer A world.
to8"与8相比更喜欢A"
A.in B.for
D.by 通过窗户传进来
12.[河南]The bird's singing came into our room the window and woke me".过"用through up in the carly morning.
A.down B.from C.through D.across
13.[黑龙江龙东]lt is careless him to lose his wallet again. I Fhink is
neeessary him to be more careful next time think it+tadj+forlof sb to do sth认为做某
A.of: to Bof: for
事对……来说是·的 C.for: for
14.江苏镇江]-Do you know that Mr.Zhangpass last week?
Yex. He lied illness.
→pass away去世;离世
A.away: of B.on: from C.by: with D.off: as
dhie of死于疾病、衰老等 考点21介词短语 die from死于串故等外部原因
一、常用介词短语的构成
1.介词十名词
(go)by car乘汽车(去)
(play) in the park在公园里(玩) (come) on Saturday星期六(来) 悄悄话这些短话都是固定搭配,不能随便加减慰词噢!


[(play) in the park在公园里(玩) (come) on Saturday星期六(来) 悄悄话这些短话都是固定搭配,不能随便加减慰词噢!
2.介词十代词]

"分类":"介词 + 名词"
"例子":"at home在家里;at school在学校;atnoon在中午;atnight在晚上;at work 在工作;at sea在大海上;at the same time同时;at times有时;at breakfast 早餐时 : midnig一在午夜,the momen在此刻, ter awhil过了一会儿, by the way顺便说:by the time到·…….候:by turus轮流:by mitake错误 地;by the door在门口;by chance由于偶然; y accident偶然地,意外地; in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院;in the end最后;in order整整齐齐; in order o以便;inno time很快,立即;in the daytime在白天,in urn轮流; intime及时:in front在前方:inEnglish用英语:inthefuture将来;infuture 今后;infact事实上 on the way在路上;onSunday在星期天;nshow展出; n display陈列;n fire着火;on duty值日;on the other hand另一方面;on foot步行;on business出差;on oard在船((机)上:on oliday在休假;onthe telephoneg 在接(打电话:ontime准时:onthe lef/right在左边/右边;onsale在出售; on watch值班;on the earth在地球上 with pleasure很乐意;with one's help在某人的帮助下"
"":">=sometimes -Thank you for helping me -It's my pleasure. --Would you please open the window? -With pleasure."
2.介词十代词
(talk)to oneself对自己(说).自言自语=ay to onesef
(a letter for him给他的(信),a lettern from him来自他的信) (not..)atall一点也(不)
3.介词+数词
(cut sth.) in two(把……·切)成两半
4.介词十动名词
(a way)of doing that做那件事的(方式)
(be good) at drawing pictures(善于)画画
悄悄话一定注意此短话中t是介词呗 look forward ta+doing期望做……
5.介词+wh-短语
还有Pay attention to sth/doing sth注意(做)…
(talk)about what to do next(谈论)下一步该做什么
(find)out when to leave(弄清楚)什么时间离开
[注意]副词和形词也可作会词真语。
around here在这周围:at least最少:for sure确实:for free免费地:or ever永远地;
for good意久地,一劳永远地
6.be+形容词十介词 >be good at doing sth长做某事 be amazed at.…...惊讶:be angry with生(某人的)气:be afraid oi害怕:be bus wil tt.….-og:*:于:.e fulloi :te xctud dlox 减/.. ( aouo s-s*、·著名心 感到兴奋:be kind to.……..*-:e interested in对··.感* 趣:bc tamous tor
因.…-苦着:be late for迟到:be popular with 受………·迎:be ple sed wi hr
对……到满意;be proud of对…….到骄傲;be ready for为……准备好:be agree with sbione's opinion) atified with 对……·满意:be worried about为……··担心
同意agree with what sb says
7.动词十介词


:agree with还有适合,符合 ngeewith同意:ask for要求:begin with 以..…·给come from来自icll a操访; 的用法,女: die of死于:get on/off上车/下车;fi.ih.……装ll下er The same food doesn't from收到(某人的)信:hear of听说:look at看igo to bed去睡觉:go to school去上 agree with everyone同样的 学alook for寻找:look afier照顾;listen to听·.…·..: ay for为.…-钱:point 食物不一定适合每一个人。
指向:pointat指着:send for人去叫:run across碰到:talk about论:hink ahout考虑iwait for等候:writeto写信给.….:.wo ry about扫心:lughat嘲笑;
fall behind落在…….后面:knock at敲
8.介词十名词+介词
at the fof…….. ·io, hetofoe在……...n.ihtenrdlnij…..h en+观在时间,用 the front of在……有面iinthe stof在…….东年:by medns of借助于iatth于现在完成时
begining of起初:by the end of…….ah e 在.·. he hahen过去时间,用 于过去完成时 of在……前头
by the end of+将来时间,用
二、介词短语的用法
于一般将来时/将来完成时 词短语在句中可以作状语、表语、补足语、定语等。
1.作状语
和 短语作状 的用汰最多可以表示时润,地点 方式,条件、目的,原因等。 He went with hi fri'ends tolive in Sherwood foresr. 和他的伙伴们住在了一个叫 谢伍德的森林中, You re not suppose to put your bread' on your piate.你不应该把面包放在碟子里,
2.作表语
It was in2005in Beijing.那是2005年在北京。
3.作宾语补足语 宾话
主话 When she woke up,she found herself it he bopita.,当她醒来时,她发现自己在医 院里,时间状语从匈谓话 宾补
4.作定语
作后置定话,修饼globes 介词短语作定语,放在所修饰词的后面, I particularly love globes with animals.我特别喜欢带动物(图像)的球。
The population in developing countriex is growing faster.发展中国家的人口增长得 更快。 介词短语作看置定话,修popmlation
independent adlj自的;独
[提分必练]
立的不依赖别人的)
1.[2020·上海模拟]Frankisanindependent hoy,Hi parents are proud derend v依前
dependent adi依赖的 himn.
A.on B.to C.in D.of to relax动词不定式作后置
exercise,定话,修待the best way.
2.[2020·广西玉林模拟]-It's said that the best way to relax is -I see,But you should keep away dangerous sports, keer away from.远离
A.with: from B.for: off C.through: from D. through: by be Poplar with56"在某
3.[2020·四川乐山模拟]The program I'm a singer is quite popular (类)人中很流行",是固定 students these days, They often tailk nbout it between ciasses.
搭配。
A.for B.with C.in
4.[2020·山西模拟]Miss Li. ,is active all the time. Although she has no bee well the days, her clas isil tl  ly(所 look forward to"期待;期
A,as you know Ball inall总之C.to start with 开始


盼盼望,to是介词,后接 5.2020·湖南梯州模报]Thesummer vacation is comig. I'm looking forward 名词、代词、动名词。
it. -Me too.
A.at B.to C.om
6.[浙江温州]-Why do you nlways sleep
Because I'm afraid of the dark.
open在这里作形容词,"开着的"
A.by yourself
Bnh the doo peawithradladv示状态
C.with the window open D.with be it  n在这里是副词,"开着的"即亮着")
7.[四川攀枝花]My English teaheris always stric us
A.in B.at C.with D.about be strict with 5b.对某人要 8.[山西]Pandas are muchloved around the world.,Unluckily,there aren't many求严格
be strict in sth.对某半要 pandas left and they're now, So we must save them.
求严格
A.in order B.in danger C.in need
9.[天津]Id like to buy a big and modern house, .I hope it's in a quiet neighborhood. 肖先消要 结果
A.After all B.Above all C.As a result D.At that momen
10. 山东德州]I 's angerous for you to go out for a walk in the foresti at night.
A.on buxiness B.by the wasy C.on your own D.on the top =by yourself独自一人痛某人自己
11.[山东日照]His opinions are similar yours but different
be similar to"和……*似" Julia's.
be different from"和…*"
A.to: from B.fromi to C.as: with D.with: as
星推荐
研究考题 提分要义
熟记含有介词的固定搭配,快速判断答案
中考对介词的考查主要是常用介词的基本用法以及介词的固定搭配,不同的介词搭 配其他词之后,意义相差根大,要根据请境判断语意,选出合适的分问。
典例1[山东菏泽]Pleasc e-mail me sud hex 666@163.com if you have any question.
A.on B.at C.to
[解析]向意:如果你有任何问题的话,请或电子都件至我的邮箱xulz.66(163. (。"cmailsa+电子邮箱"意为"给某人发电子邮件至……箱",是国定用法 故选B项。类似用法:call sb at+电话号码
口诀法
时间介词也是历年中考考查的重点,表时间的介词在用法上具有固定性,这些介词 的用法都需要准确记忆,下面的口诀可以帮助考生解答常见考题
口诀年月周前要用in.日子煎面却不行。 口诀记忆能帮助同学们快
遇到几号要用on.上午下午又是in. 迷记住一些词汇的用法,也 要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。 有助于提高学习的兴趣,但 正午夜晚用at.黎明用它也不错。 是要正确溶解,才能长久掌 t也在点前,说"差"用to,""用past。 摧噢
多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月空建跎。
在英语中没有书名号,一些 典例1ThefilmAtvngers:Endgamiropienea in Chinese cinemas April
书名、电影名通常用斜体 24.2019.
表示噢
D.to
A.on B.at C.in
「 折]句意:在2019年4月24日,电影(复他者联盟4,终局之战)在中国电影院 上映,2019年4月21日是具体的莱一天.开我词on,故选A项.
典例2[贵州安题]-When is Lang Lang's concert? three o' cloek the afternoon of December 18th.
-lt's
D.in: on
A.at: in B.at: on C.ons in
[解析]第一个空表示在某个具体的时刻,介词用at;第二个空表示在具体的某一 天的下午,介词用on,敌选B项。
Pictwre=photo照片
a photo ofsb.指照片中有某人 典例3[上海]love this picture you beside the musice fountain.


a photo ofsb's指照片属于某人
D.at
A.in B.of C.cm
[解析]句意:我喜欢你换着音乐首泉的这张照片。in在……-:of….t:n 在……上:at在,表示"…….的照片"介词用of。故选B项。
common advise doing sth
典例4[山东青岛]R  ert Hun sometimes aovises the students
建议做某事 problems advise sb to do sth
B.about C.with D.for
A.in
建议某人去做某事 解析]句靠:罗伯特·亨特有时称学生的 见(题提出建议.advisesp.a boui on sth.向某人就某事提出建议,故选B项。
专题九 动词和动词短语
同学教材 复习重点
考点22实义动词
一、实义动词的分类
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词,又可称为行为动词,如work,study,run等。按
其句法你用分为及物动问和不及物动词:按其持续性分为廷延续也动词和过 性
动词。顾名思义即可以接物作宾请的动词, .warch.drink:80 k.cat.b=c.c=.arr 1.及物动词qive.kick.name.open.read,wash,use答 及物动词本身意义不完整,后面要一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾通,可以是名词代词或相当于名词的词,如ding或to do Dick is watching TV.迪克正在看电视。
(2)动词+只语十宾补,可以是名词、形容调、现在分词、不定式、副问或介词短话 We call her Linda.我们叫她琳达。
[注意]接省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,see,watch. 学习小贴士:
动词不定或作实补省略t0的 have,hear: notice,feel,listen to,observe,help等 情况
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
宾语动词后面两个宾语,直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物:间接宾语往往指涉一感feel 二听:hear.listen to 及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面去.由分词to或for引导,变成分词短语 三让make.let.have My friend always gives me some old books.我的朋友经常给我一些旧书。 看:see.watch.notice0b5erve 常见的带双实语的动词有: 带有方向性
平帮助:heir可以带切0.也可不 ①能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有:bring,give,leave, lend,ofer,pass,音 to play,read,send,show,take,teach,tell,write等。
Could you lend your dictionary to me?请你把你的字典借我用下好吗? She passed the salt to him.她把盐遗给了他,带有目的性,为某人… ②能接以or引的间接语的动词常见的有:boid.by,o,ur,einfe去去了再回来 bring带来(从另一地方带 get, keep,make,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win. write等。 到说话者这里来) Mother cooks breaklast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。
I'll fetch a chair for you.我去给你拿一把椅子。
take带走(从说话者这里
2.不及物动词顾名思义,即不可以接物(作宾语)的动词
带到另一个地方去 不及物动词自身意思完 ,无需接宾语,后接 语时,必别先加介词、副词等,使其 变成及物的 短谱动诃,它的作用等于一个及物动词。如:look,wait,cry,kmile
laugh.stop,rain等
(1)动词+介词。
Listen to me carefully.仔细听我讲。
He doesn't agree with me.他不同意我。
>Look for/wait for/worry
She is looking at the picture.她正在看照片。
about/look at/talr about
[此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和 等后面的实话只能放在介 分词之间。 词后。 (2)动词+副词。"urn the light off
He turned off the light when he left,当他离开时,他把灯关了。
代词必须放中间
He picked it op and gave it to me.他把它捡起来并递给了我


[注意]词作语时必须放在动词后,副词前,当害语是名词时,该在副词前后 那动副问组,代词放中间"诺 均可。
是名词由占
(3)动词十副间+介词。
He gets along well with his classmates他与他的同学相处得很好。
[注意]宾语只能放在介词之后。
(4)动词十名词+介词。
He takes pride in doing a job well.他因做好工作而自豪。
[注意]类润组仿名词前可以加影象词作定语其后的宾语尺能技在介词之后
3.有些动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词
We must study English well.我们必须学好英语。(及物动词) (不及物动词) We must study hard.我们必须努力学习, (及物动词) The boys are flying kites.男孩们正在放风筝, (不及物动词) Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
4.延续性动调和短暂性动词
(1)延续性动词表示动作是延续性的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,这样的词有 live,stay,work.keep.study.teach等
此处keep不能用borrow代 You can keep the hook for a week.你可以借用这本书一个星期。
赞,borrow是短暂性动
(2)短暂性动词表示脱间动作,动作一些发生立卻结束·不能和表示一段时间的状语连 词,不能跟"for一段时间" 用。这样的词有dic,buy.horrow.lend. arrive,join.finish.go+come, 连用 cateh等, His grandfather ded two days g]他的祖父两天前去世了,=His grandfather has been dead for two
daysl形恩词表状态)
二、易混动词词义辨析
1.spend,cost,take与pay
spend指花费时间或者金钱,后接onsth.成(in)doing sthicost的主语为物,意为 "值多少钱"iakc=,表示花费多少间可用于固定句型 t+takcstook+ .+t间+1 do sth."=pay表示"花费,支付,付款",用表示人的名词或代词作主语,多与分词for
连用。
=on study(此处study是名词噢 He spends most of his time(in) studying.他的大部分时间都用在学习上。
How much does it cost?这个东西要多少钱
It took me about half an hour to get to the airport.到机场花了我大概半个小时。 副词前不加介词,如get/ I'll pay for the tickets,我来买票
arrivelreach there,当句中波
I paid two hundred ywan for this dress,我花了200元买这条裙子。 有到达地点,只表示何时到
2.gel。reach与arrive
达时只能用arrive. get,reach与arrive三者都表示"到达"。arrive和get是不及物动词,后面需要先加 When did you arrive this 介词再加地点,其中"arrive at十小地方",arrive in十+大地方。"gt to+地点" morning? reach是及物动词,后而直接加地点,但三个词接here,there.home之类的表地点 的副词作状语时省略介词。
We arived at the station five minutes lhatr.我们 车站时晚了五分钟, They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周一到达巴黎。
W en we got to the parh,it began o rain.我们到达公 时,天开始下雨了.
When did he reach home yesterday?昨天他什么时候到的家?,此处也可用arrive或get(home在这里是副词) When will they arrive?他们将什么时候到?(没有到达地点只能用arrive)
3.happen与take place两者没有被动语态
happen和take place都可表示"发生".happea为不及物动词,表示*偶然发生,如


果后接不定式." 巧"的意思:tak plce通常指经过安排或有计 地使某 事"发生"。条件状从中用anything不用something I anyhing happens,please let me know.若有什么事发生,请告诉我。 happen to do sth.碰巧做某串 I happened to meet him on my way home.我在回家的路上碰巧遇到了他, it harrenedtthat甸碰巧 Great changes have taken place ia my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
4.raise与rise.
raise是及物动词,意为"提高:增加:筹款;养育",后面可直接带宾语:tisc轻不及物 动词,意为"上升:升高;上涨"。
悄悄话raise(vt→aised→raised-→raising She stood up and raised her voice,她站了起来,抬高了嗓门。 riselviroserisenrising Smoke was rising from the chimney.烟从烟肉里升起。
5.dress,put on与wear
dress wps给某人穿衣服
drespǐ*f"srevxssh"给某人穿衣服,reuxsdbup"#打 某人"iput o与wear都表be dresedin_穿y.·.的i受
示"穿上,戴上"put on表示动作,wear表示状态。
dress uP as.打扮成…·:
狗成……
Let's dress the kids or we'll never be on lime.让我们替孩子们穿衣服吧,否则我们 dress up lire装扮得像…… 决不会按时到达,、穿上,表示动作 He put on his coat and hurried out.他穿上大衣匆匆出去了。 He was wearing a brown uniform.他穿着一件棕色制服。
6.provide与offer穿看,表示状态
两者都有" 供,供给"的意思。0provice为应付意外、紧急情况作好充分准务面 "提供,供给",常用于provide sb.withsth,或provide sth.for sh.结构, They provided s with all the books we nieeded.他们为我们提供所需书籍.
Our school provides lunch for the students.我们学校为学生们提供午饭。
它offtr 重表示愿意给予. 用offr .sth.=offr sth.to b.iofier还表示主动 去做,用offer to do.
She offered me a cup of teaj给了我一杯茶,She offered a cue of tea to me. She offered to go instead of me,主动提出代替我去。
7.borrow,lend 与keep
①borrow表示"借人",即说话人向别人借"进"东西供自己用,常有bortow sth. from sb, or somewhere, 强调"从…" ②lend表示"借出",对主语来说是借出,即主语把东西借出去给别人使用,常用lend sth. to sh.或lendsb.sth.强调"借给某人 -Can I borrow your English book?我可以借一下你的英语书吗? had better not do sth Yes,but you'd better not lend it to others,可以,但是你最好不要把它借给别人, 最好不要做某事 keep意为保留 保存",当表示借用某物多久时可用kep.引申为"体用",可以股 had better do sth最 for或How long等表示一段时间的状语连用
做某事
-How long may I keep the book?这本书我可以借多久?
-For two weeks.两周。
8.speak,say,talk与tell
Ospeak*~讲话,发 、演说"后面跟人作宾语要加分词to.spea 作及物动词时后面 跟各种语言, May I speak to John,please?我能和约翰讲话吗?/请找约翰接电话好吗? 常用的短语:
speak out畅所欲言,直言不违地说
speak up 大声说,毫不犹豫地说出
②say是及物动词,表示说的内容,即说了什么话
What did you say?你刚才说什么?
He said he would come to join us,他说他会回来加入我们。
Say Do 10 smoking.拒绝吸烟。


What he said made me very sad.他说的话使我很伤心, (alk"谈话、 附i,是不及物动词,后面跟人的时候用介词with.to等,后面跟"事 情"要用到介词 bout, Mr.Chen wants. to talk to you.陈老师想要和你谈谈, What ate they talking about?他们在读论什么? ④tell表示"讲述告诉",是及物动词,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟从句或者介词短 语等。 Tell me if you need any help.如果你需要帮忙告诉我一声。 Have you ever told a story about ghosts?你讲过鬼故事吗? to tel you the truth.I don't like ghost storier.说实话,我们不喜欢鬼敬事.
[提分必练]
offer sb sth"提供某人某物"
1.[2020·辽宁丹东]-How's it going,Tina" Great, My company han me a god joh, Provide sb with sth =provide sth for sb
A.offered B.provided C.introduced D.discovered
2.[2020·辽宁铁岭、葫芦岛]Parents always us not to swim in the river in summer.
A.promise承诺 B.train训练 C.warn提醒,警告D.show展示
3.[2020·江苏徐州] seel is heavier than water,why are shps able to on the wea?
be ableto do能够做……
A.float漂浮 B.fly C.tall D.flow流动
4.[2020·天津模拟]Iam afraid we can no to.take a taxi. Let's go by underground instead
>afford to do负担得起:买得起
B.afford C.forget D.fall
A.refuse
.[2020·山东荷泽模拟]The Boeing 737 f.Cuba airline crashed(坠毁)inHa ana on May 18.2018.which more han 100dah-非限制性定适从句,起解释说明作用
A.caused B.influenced C.forced
6.[2020·山西模拟]lf a student is able to worebody else what he's learnt
understand可以聚双宾语 from textbooks, it shows he's underwtood it well.
undersand it well,解得好
A.post B.lend C.teach
wel是副词,修动词
7.[2020·安徽模拟]It is necessary for chools to the need of all the students development.
A.cut B.hide C.retuse D.satisfy 8.[2020·江苏南京模拟]-We can't enter the room.I can't find my key. -Is it possible that you it at home?
consider doing sth.考虑做
A.left B.fxed C.managed D.designed 某果 .C山东德州]Whiltravellinginantran还e place,youdbettet the local consider..to be/as.认为 people and follow their customs(习俗)。
drop动词①掉下,滴下终
A. watch B.change C.control D.teach
止,取消
10.[湖北鄂州]-Jack hasn' taken his piano lessons for a long time drop his Piano course取消他 his piano course and spening more time on his
He is feonsidering
7的钢琴课 studv.
Dxthrowing be careful not to do sth当心不要
A.to drop Hto throw C.dropping
做某事 11.[湖北武汉]-Dnd.I'l be in the final singing competition tomorrow.


里地 be careful to do sth Be careful not to get a sore throat and your votce 做某串
A.lose B.raise C.drop D.break be careful with.对.……·心
星秀养 一本涂前杨中英语
whether I made the right choice or not,tell the differences辩别不同点。
12.[湖北鄂州]-Time will
tellsb to do sth告诉某人做某书 -I believe you can succeed.
tell sh not to do sth告诉某人不
D.tell
A.see B,say C.know
要做某事
13.[重庆]-Why don't you choose the red tie? my shirt very well.
match.welL.·.配得很好 -For me. it doesn't
D.match match.with.与*配
A.fix B.accept C.compare 14.[安徽]Dreams are beautiful. However.to them needs lots of time and
不定式短诸作主话 work.
B.find C.achieve D.stop
A.discover
考点23系动词及助动词
一、系动词
系动词木身有词义,但不能单独作谓请,必须与表语一起构成谓语.说明主语的状 态、性质、持征或身份。含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动
词do.does,did等。
学习小贴士:
1.表示状态
become较为正式,只强调变 常见的有:be是;stay保持;keep保持:remin保持等。
化的结果,不强调变化的过 It remains ll secret.它现在还是个秘密。
2.表示感官、表象
程iget较口话化,强调变化
常见的有:loo0看起来:feel觉,摸起来:smell起来:sound听起来:taste尝起的过程,意为渐渐地,慢慢
米等。
地"tarn通节表示突然变化; The flowers smell sweet.花闻起来很香。
grow含有"公展变化"或"生长变
3.表示转变和结果
化"之意:g0较口化,通节含 常见的有:become,get,turn,grow,go.都可意为"变成,变得"。
殿义或者令人不愉快的主观 Her face turns red,她的脸红了, 变化,也可以搞颜色的变化。
[注意]常见的系动词词组: come true实现 Ret dressed 穿衣服 get/be married结婚 get/become lost迷失:选路 seem/appear to be乎是……·.好像···
二、助动词
助动词 身没有词义,只能 和实文动词一起些谓语,起到构成时态、疑问句和否定 句的语法作用,常用的助动词有be,do.does,did.have(has)等。
1.助动词be的用法作系动词时意为"是"
be除了可以作系动问之外,也可以作助动词.bc作助动词时,无 在意义,只协助 现在分词或过去分词构成现在进行时、过去进行时和被动语态,
[be除了可以作系动问之外,也可以作助动词.bc作助动词时,无 在意义,只协助 现在分词或过去分词构成现在进行时、过去进行时和被动语态,
Iamreading and he is doing his homework,我在读书,而他在 作业。 "咋晚某个时间点"用过去进行时 He was watching TVat ight o'clock yesterday evning,昨晚八点他在看电视. He was toid the news yesterday,昨天有人告诉他这个消息了。]

"be(am/is/are)+现在分词":"be(was/were)+现在分词"
"现在进行时":"过去进行时"

"be(am/is/are)+现在分词":"be+过去分词"
"现在进行时":"被动语态"
Iamreading and he is doing his homework,我在读书,而他在 作业。 "咋晚某个时间点"用过去进行时 He was watching TVat ight o'clock yesterday evning,昨晚八点他在看电视. He was toid the news yesterday,昨天有人告诉他这个消息了。
2.助动词do/does/did的用法
(1)助动词do无具体态义·主要用于 协助实义动词构成一般现在时,一般过去时的否 定句和疑问句,帮助构成时态
Do you get up early every day?你每天起得早吗?


She didn't go there last week.上周她没有去那儿。
星推荐 初中英语
(2)构成否定祈使句。
Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉
(3)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。" >那"doldoes/dic+动词原形"表示强调。 1dd go there.我确实去那儿了。
Ido miss you.我确实想你。
3.助动调have/has/had的用法
have作助动词.和动词的过去分词,现在分词一起构成完成时,完成进行时和完成时 的被动语态。have有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has.过去式为 had。其具体用法如下:
[have作助动词.和动词的过去分词,现在分词一起构成完成时,完成进行时和完成时 的被动语态。have有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has.过去式为 had。其具体用法如下:
He has left for London.他已经去了伦敦, I have been studying Enelish.我一直在学英语 现在完成进行时表示动作从某个时间开始一直持续 The trees hase already been planted.树已经被救完了,到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然继续下去 [注意]常见的助动词还有willshall,would.should]

"have/has+过去分词":"have/has+been+现在分词"
"现在完成时":"现在完成进行时"

"have/has+过去分词":"have/has+been十过去分词"
"现在完成时":"现在完成时的被动语态"
He has left for London.他已经去了伦敦, I have been studying Enelish.我一直在学英语 现在完成进行时表示动作从某个时间开始一直持续 The trees hase already been planted.树已经被救完了,到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然继续下去 [注意]常见的助动词还有willshall,would.should
①作动词时,will,shall与动词原形连用构成一将来时:would,shoud与动词
恩连用构成过去将来时,shall和shoaid用于第一人称I和we:will和 would
用于各种人称。
②willwould.shllsold谅了 助动词表示单纯的 米时态外,也用作情 动 。
[提分必练]
1[2020·湖北天门、仙桃、潜江、江汉油田]MayI havesome more chicken?lt o delicious.
A.feels B.kmells C.1ases D.sounds
2.[2020·四川乐山]Your idea good,Let's give it a try and see if ir will work.
A.sounds B.smells C.looks
can't wait to do sth迫
3.[2020·浙江温州模拟]The cheese cake no good that I can't wait to eat it.
不及得地去做某
A.tastes B.feels
D.smells
C.sounds
Look.feel.sound.taste.smell这些行为
4.[重庆]This kind of paper soft.
动词可以用作连系动词,后面跟形容
A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.noundn 词作表语当变为否定句或疑问句时,要
5.[天津]--Would you like to try some pizza?
点菜 信用助动词do/doesldlid/din"t等 -Yes,please. lt lovely and nice.
A.soundn:ec E, hcars: turnn C.lookns melt D.oundsa watche
6.山东东营]Sme oi my fre ea wih hr es ee nice. "用眼睛"晴示答案选"看起来" prefer to do更喜欢做……
A.frels B.smells C.looks D.taster
7.[海南]Han Hong's new CD and it sounds "听起来"是系动词,其接形容词作表话。
A.has been come out : wonderful B.has come out: wel
C.has come out: wonderful D.is come out : nice
come out出版:减行 考点24动词短语 不及物动词,没有被动语态 以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语.
1.动调十介词,


这类短语相当于及物动 ,其后必 有 语,宾语(不管是代问还是名词)只能放在 介词后,在被动语 中, 个  要   体看待,不可拆开或 缺、 Listen to the music.听音乐。
[注意]常用的动介短语有:
agree with赞成 apply for申 thinkof想起,想出 break into阔入
ask for清求 pay for为……··敖 wait for等待 contribute to有助于 talk about淡论 hear of听说 laugh at嘲笑 hear from sh.收到某人的来信
名词自由点"
2.动词+副词。 代词放中间 接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在动词后、词前:当宾语是名词时,故在副词前后 均可。
He turned on the light.他打开了灯。
"用,耗尽"的其他表达:
[注意]常用的动副语有: Pick up拉起 run out of用光(
clean up清扫 find out壳明 handin遥交
give out精疲力竭,用尽,分 stay uP熬夜 take off起飞 use up用完,耗尽 look up查询
grow uP长大 我,公布,发表 turn on/off/up/down打开/关上/调高/调低 set off出发
3.动词+副词十介词。
宾语只能放在介词之后。
They went on with the work after a short rest.短暂休息后他们继续工作。
[注意]常用的动副短语有, t是介词 add up to合计 break away from脱离 look forward to粉望 look down on sb.座不起某人
catch up with赶上 介词后面跟doing end upwith.…….终live up to达到:不辜负 put up with忍受 live up to spring不负春光 get along/on with取得进展;与……···
Live up to the youth不负
4.动词十名词十介词。
韶华 这类短语中的名词前可以加形容词作定语,其后的语只能放在介词之后。 Please pay more attention to this problem!请多加注意这个问题! take pride in (doing sth [注意]常用的动名介短语有:
be proud of tdoing sth w做某事感到自豪 catch ight oi 看其50在这里是介词哄 gtake pridin…..到自巢 pay atlention to注意
take partin参加 take an active Part in make use of利用
take the place of 取代
积极参加 set an example to为…··树立榜样
5.动词+反身代词(十介词)。
这类短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语。 Help yourself to the fruit.请随便吃点水果吧。
[这类短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语。 Help yourself to the fruit.请随便吃点水果吧。
6.近几年中考连续考查动词短语辨析,其考查的内容主要集中在三个方面:同一动调+ 不同介词副词;不同动词十同一介词/词:不同动词+不同介运期词。]

devote oneself to致力/专心于 make oneself at home随便,不拘束

help oneself to自取/用 dress oneself给自己穿衣服
6.近几年中考连续考查动词短语辨析,其考查的内容主要集中在三个方面:同一动调+ 不同介词副词;不同动词十同一介词/词:不同动词+不同介运期词。
(1)同一动词+不同介词/副词
①taie短语:lake up占据,始从事itak down记下,拿下take off起飞,股下:take
away拿走:ta e in吸收,收留:take eac 收回:;takeafer与……像,=bc simil arto ②put语:pat up悬挂,张贴,举起,搭建:pet away收起来,放好:put of 迟:put Pt off doing sth.推迟 on穿上,上演=put out想灭:put down放下,记下
做某串
K urn短语:trnon打开i urn downc小, 拒绝:turnup  ,出现!1urnoff关掉
look短 :lookon as...…····…-':ok:,e ad向前看,着眼未来:look around
四处张望:look down on sb.看不起某人:look like看上去像:look through浏览。


look at看:lookup查找:look after照顾:look for寻找:look out当心
星推荐 本涂书 初中墨语
第一部分词法知识 学习小贴士:
(2)不同动词+同一介词/副间
①动词+wh:ctch upwith:keep  with不落在…...-面come up with 想deal ith-how用 出,提出
How do you deal with
②动词+fr:.ro iefor供靠icl for 延  要求i sk. or请衰.需要tsensd for紧人去suchthigs?你怎 处理
这样的事?
请:pay for偿还.赔偿:wait for等待
do with与what连用 ①动词+on:try on试验,穿ihold on抓住,别挂断icomc on赶快:keep on继续 What do you do with ④动词+down:fall down落下,摔倒:write down写下.记下:cut down砍倒
动词+up:bring抚育培养icut p切辞:fixup修理:give p放弃igrow up长 your ld othes? 你怎样处理你的日衣服? 大iset up建立:show up揭露,露面:use up用完,用尽
@动词十out:work out算出,产生结果 look out当心:turn out结果是.证明是:break give up doing sth
run Out被用完,主语是物,无 放弃做某果 out爆发:run out用完
被动语态(及物湿话)
(3)不同动词+不同介词/副词
riun out of-=use uP用完,主话 give away 泄露:make sure确保:think of考虑 是人(不及物能话> [提分必练] 勇气和成功的象征 因而自豪
1.[2020·天津]Lang Ping is  symbo o corage and sueess ande ber
A.come from来自B.stand for代表Ctake pride in--.get ready for准备好
2.[2020·辽宁铁岭、萌芦岛]Our governmene to solve them quickly when we had difficulties at the beginning of this year.
A.took artion取行动 Btook ofl脱下起飞
C.1ook in收留
D.took place发生
3.[2020·湖北襄阳]-Have you ever seen the 3D film" 二turn up雾面 Yes. It can make you being in the real sifuation, A.grow up长大 B.look over检查 C.show up D.felike ·…的感觉
4.[2020·广东深圳] gam.coap you teme somnthling alou Farh Hou: feellike doin" 感觉子像波... Sare. People usually turn off lights and keep them off for an hour.
A.switch off间:关禅Btake off下流飞C.geoff下车
5.[2020·广西河池模拟]It's getting hot,and you can your cout.
A.put off B.take off C.xet off D.get off
6.[2020·湖南岳阳模拟]My grandmother is going to a hobby sik介词+doing像…… shopping on the Internet.
A.take up B.look up C.get up
7.[2020·山东滨州模拟]People now in many big cities have to early to avoid the heavy traffie in he moraine avoid doing.避免做……
A.set out B.put out C.take out D.give out 8.[2020·河南模拟]-Jack is telling cveryone he has bought a new car. set off出发,动身,启程(使)爆 -Pay no attention to him. He is just
炸:n(警报)起,激发;衬托
A.taking off B.showing off
D,.setting off
C.driving off


9.[天津]My father wants me to doing my homework as soon as I get home.
A.xtand for
B.win the heart of get into the habit of doing sth
C.stay in touch with
养成做某事的习惯
D.get into the habit of
10.[四川绵阳]Iwil miss my family whenIgo abroad for further stuy this
学习小贴士 nutumn. want/need/require doingwant/need/ -Don't worry. You can them by e mail.
reguiretto be done,"to be done表示
A.come up with
B.get along with 不定式的被动结构。
C.make friends with
D.keep in rouch with My bike needs repairing
11.[甘肃白银]This washing machine .h needs to be repaired My bike needs to be repaired
A.worked well B.broke down C.ran up D.went on
星推荐 一本书中
room作"空间,地方"讲时是不可数 half of the room area.
12.[山东潍坊]The sofa is so large that it
名词:作"房间"讲时,是可数名词
A.takes up B.picks up C.turns up D.puts up
13.[湖北黄冈]--Would you like to attend the farewell party next week,Mr, Huang?
Sure.I'd love to.I have no reason to your invitation.
B.turn off
D.turn on
A.turn down
C.turn up
14.[浙江杭州] really need to take more exerdise because I'm weight.
A.putting off B.putting on C.putting down D.putting way regret doing sth对做过的事
感到后悔
15.[湖北鄂州]-If you do that,you will with an egg on your face.
因意不堪 regret to do sth.对要做的 But I won't regret it. 串感到遗憾
A.take up B.end up C.keep up D.catch up
16.[湖北襄阳]-You say you are short of money.Why not sell your old gold watch 缺少短缺
promise sb.to do sth答 for some money?
应某人做某串 Oh, I can't,because it was a gift from my wife. I promised her I would never mare a promise许下诺言 it.
坚持 卖掉,舍弃 keer one's promise
A.care about B.look after C.stick to D.part with 诺言
break one's promise才破
研究考题 提分要义
诺言
题点 正确区分及物动词和不及物动词
不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。如to.of, at等,具体每个动词后加什么介词得看具体的短语的意义。 when you amive at school 典例When you ,please call me.
=when you reach schoo!
A.arrive B.land =when you get to school
C.reach D.get
[ 解析]句意:当你到了,打电话给我,arrive到远,作不及 动词,后面不跟真语; land着陆ireach到达。作及物动词,后面直接加地点状语iget到达,但必须和to连 用,后接地点。故选A项。
题点2 把握动词短语的使用规则解题
如果名词作宾语,可以放在动副词组的后边,也可放在中间,但代词作宾语时,宾语要 放在中间。 "不及物动词副词",当代词作宾语时,应放在动词与副词之间。 典例1[2020·黑龙江绥化]The coat looks very nice. Can 1


A.try it on B.try on it C.try them on
[解析]向意:这件外套看起来不错,我能试穿吗?根据"The coat"可知此处用代 词的单数i来代替,表示"试穿它",代词救在中间,用tryio,故选A项.Plan to dosth计划做某串 典例 2[安徽]Weplaneto meat 0,30at he ata ion last Sunday.but Bob didn't amil 12:00sho w现:露面;如约赶来
A.turn up B.give up C.stay up D.grow up
[解析]向意:我们木打算|周日1点 0分在车信面的,但是Bb直到 点钟
才出现,turmup调大,出现:g eup放弃;stayup熊在:g oW up长大选A项。 典例3[安徽]The running water makes the stones wery smoth. adj,光滑的
A.sound Btaste C.smel1 D.feel
[解析]向意:流水使后头摸起来派我滑,sound听起来ta te会起来:smeil闵起 来:feel感觉,摸起来。政选D项。
专题十 情态动词
情感动词,顾名恩义,情就是"情感" 同学教材 复习重点 态就是"态度",即表示人的情感和态
度的动词噢 考点25情态动词
一、情态动词的分类及特点
情态动词是表示说话人的情感、态度或语气的动词。在句中不能单独作谓语,只能 和其他动问原形连用构成谓语.主要有c 们.col,may.mil.mustwil
would,shall.should,need,dare等
应该,按调应当
1.情态动词的分类;
ought to没有人称和数的变化,表示义务责任; (1)只作情态动问:must:eamcouldimay/might.owght to showld表示主观看法
(2)既可作情态动词又可作实义动词:need,dare 作实又动词时的用法:
3)既可作情态动间又可作助动词:shalt/should:willwould need to do需要去做
(4)具有情态动词某些特征:have/had to; had better need doing而要被做
2.情态动词的特点:
dare to do敢于做
(1)情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外);
(2)情毒动词后接动词原形:
(3)情态动词的否定式是在其后加not; have to陈外
(4)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语;
(5)个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语 气,时态性不强,可用于过去、现在或将来·can的习质搭配:
二、常见情态动词的用法
can't.too/emough无论…·也不为过 as as one can=as. as possible尽可能…
L.can/could 与be able to同叉
(1)表示能力、意为" 、会"could是can的过去式,表不过去的能力,cantbltdosth.只好做某事 He can play basketball,butIcan',他会打篮球,是我不会。
She could play the piano when she was five.她五岁时就会弹钢琴。
(2)表示请求或许可,意为" 可以"。过去式co.ld在 间句中表示  的语气,没有过
去时的意思。
Can/Couldyou goswimming with 呼s?你能和我们一起去游沫吗?
()表示推测·意为"可能",常用于否定句成疑问句中,否定句中cant意为"不可能", That can't be Mr.Wang.He is at home.那不可能是王先生。他在家呢。
2.may/might一定不是,不可能是,表示否定,诸气强烈
(1)表示请求、许可,意为"可以".比can更正式, may表示清求时,用于主话 MayI ask youa question?我可以问你一个问题吗?
为第一人称的一般疑问
(2)表示推测,常用于肯定句,意为"可能,也许",mighi是may的过去式,表推测时句,其否定国答用mussn"t或 可能性低于may.
can't.意"不可以,不许,禁 She may/might be at home.她可能在家。
止",不用may not。
(3)表示祝愿。
--May I go now?
May you succeed!祝你成功!
-No.you mustn't/can't
3.must
(1表示主观价法,意为"必须,一定",其否定形式mustnt表示"禁止:一起定不要"
You must stay at home.你必须待在家里。 悄悄话:must只能用于肯定推测,不能用于否定推测。 You mustn't be late.你一定不要迟到。


(2)表示有把握的猜测,意为"一定是",用于肯定句中,mustn'意"禁止",不豪推测。
The light is on.He munt be at home now.灯亮着,他现在一定在家。
(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn'或don't have to, Must I finish my homework now?我现在必须完成作业吗?
-Ye,you must.No.you necdn',是的,你必须 完成作业)、/不,你不必.
4.need =you don't have to
(1)表示"需要",主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn't.意为"不必",用 need提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用meedn't。
Need I stay here?我必须待在这儿吗?
Yes,you must./No.you needn't.是的,你必须(待在这儿》、/不,你不必。
(2)need还可以作实义动 ,此时有人称,数和时态的变化,其后多接动词不定式。 He needn to speak English more.他需要多说英语。
[注意]need后加to do说need为实义动词: 助 词构或疑问句成否定句; need后加doing为主动形式表被动意义:nee后加do.  eed为情感动词。
need/want/requirerdoingneed/want/requiretto e done
5.shall/should
(1)shall常用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或表示请求 Shall we go for a walk?我们 Shall I cloae the window?我可以关上窗户吗?
去散步好吗?表示提建议》
(2)should除了可以是shal1l的过去式外,还有"应该"的含义,表示义务和责任。 He shouldn't have long har.他不该留长发。
We shouldn't waste water.我们不应该浪费水。
We should follow the traffic rles to eea al l s salf 们应该遵守交通规则以
keep sb.tadj.使某人保持·状态
确保我们都安全, 6.will/would
will还可作名词意意志意愿",如
(1)用于多种人称,表示意愿。 Where there is a will, there is a way有志者,串竟成。 She will help us,她愿意帮助我们。
He said he would raise more money for the charity,他也说他愿意为善机构募集更 多的资金.would比will语气更委婉
(2)will或would用于第二人称的一般疑问句,主要表示征求对方的意见或表示建议. Will you please help me carry the box?你愿意帮我搬这个箱子吗?
Would you like to hawe a cup of tea with me this afternoon"今天下午你愿意和我
一起喝茶吗?
三、情态动词与相关词语辨析
1.can和be able to
can表示"能力:许可",只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,面be ablto表示"经过努 力而能够做某事",可用于多种时态
He can xwim.他会游泳, He was ableto swimn actoss the Engish Channel last wek.上网他成功地游过了英 吉利海峡。
2.must和have to
mustnt禁止 must侧重于个人意志和主现上的必要have to侧重于客现上的需要,否定式 dlon't have to/neednt不心 I knowI must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。 I have to wait until the rain stops.我不得不等到南停。
3.can与may表示可能性时
(1)肯定句中用may表示可能。 =Maybe he knows
You'd better ask the monitor.He may know你最好问班长,他可能知道
(2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示"不可能"吋用cn'1若语气不青定,表示"可能不"
时用may not, Mr. Li an, be in e has gonetobeaigbice pzeinr先n不可能在家.他去havehas gone t s去了某地
不在这儿 北京开会了, have/has been to sp.曾经去
4.may he和maybe


过某地(现在已经回来了) may e中的may为情态动词.后加动 原彤be.在句中作谓语iay e为副词,意为 "大概,也许",相当于perhaps,雷放在句首,作状语。
He may be right.他可能是对的。
Maybe he is nigh1.也许他是对的。
He may know the news.他也许知道这个消息。
学习小贴士; Maybe he knows the news.也许他知道这个消息。
表示推测的词,可能性大小
5.can't和mustn't
范围 表示否定推测时应用can'1,mustn':意为"禁止,不允许".不用来表推测、在肯定句
7100%,一定是 Pst 中可用must表推测,意为"一定"。
4an 有可能
可能 sowd
[提分必练]
may 也许 mijht也许
1.[2020·江苏苏州]-Mum,why do I have to wash hands so many times a day 不可能
.t00"再-也不为过"
For your health,you be too careful,can'
A.can't B.shouldn'1 C.mustn't D.needn't 2.[2020·黑龙江龙东]-Mum. Ido my homework tonght? 用must提问,肯定回答用must;否定回答
用needn't或don'thave to.意"不心" -No.you Bur you must finish it before Sunday.
A.need: mustn't B.must : needn't C.mus1: mustn'1
3.2020·州东南州门1s:ha L Ming over here?haveihasgoneto"去了".*在"这里~.
-1t be him. He has gone to Zhenyuan for the Dragon Eont Fentival
A.must B.mustn't C.can
否定的猜测"不可能"
D.can't
4.[2020·河南模拟]-Are you going to the cincma tonight? -I don't know.1 go or1 stay ant home.
A.will: will
C.should: should D.might might
B.musts must
5.[2020·山东菏泽模拟]Since you have drunk so much wine,you drive酒后禁止开车! your cag"由于;然",引导原因状语从匈
mustnt表示禁止,不许
A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't
6.[2020·湖北黄石模拟]-Itstoo hot I swir in the lake?
-No.you .That's too dangerous!
comld指有礼貌地询问,否定回
A.Shoulds can' B.Needs mustnI C.Must :needn't D.Cod: an'答用can't或mustn't,意为"不可
7.[江苏淮安]-Difficulties always go with me!
以;不行
--Cheer up! If God closes a door in front of you. there be a window opened for you.
A.would B.must C.could D.can 8.[山东东营]-Excuse me.sir,visiting hours are over.You leave.
Pardon me,urse.I dn't hear the bell,过去(刚才没听见,所以用过去时态。
A.may B.can C.mus D.need
增乐趣
Fighi air pollation,They are natural air condtioners.天然的空气净化机
9.[重庆]Trees
C.need D.can
A.should B.must
10.[山东潍坊]--Ihave been to the moon twice
must be doing sth一定是在做某事 你一定是在开玩笑
-You be joking! It's impossible!
C.must D.need
A.can B.may
download(下载)musie from the
11.[山东德州]ln some countries,people
连背法律 Internet without paying,becnuse it's against the law. D.coaldn't be against.与·对抗;连背
A.wouldn't B.needn't C.musin't


12.[江苏南京]-May we leave the classroom now?
to leave umtil the bell ringx> may的否定回答用mastnt/can't。
.You No.you
A.mustn'ta are allowed B.don' have to; are supposed
C.needn't: aren't allowed D.can't: aren't supposed
研究考题 提分要义
题点根据语境判断情态动词
情态动词作为动词的一种,它不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表 达的动作,而情态动词只是表达一种想法(如:能,也许,敢),主要用来表示说话人的情 绪,态度或语气等,在实际应用中,应根据语境及说话人的语气使用恰当的情态动词。 典例1[山西]-Many people play with mohile phonen all day instead of reading books.
-That's too bad. Everyone be a book lover.Reading is more enjoyable.
C.would动名词作主语,谓活动词用单数形式。
A.may B.should
[解析]句意:许多人整天玩手机而不看书。 那太糟糕了,每个人都应当 成为书的爱好者,读书更快乐。may可能:should应当;would愿意。根据句意可 知图should,故选B项, 典例2[2020·贵州铜仁]-How delicious the meal is!Did Kangkang's mother cook it?
have/has been in"待在……
一lt be her.Theeday she has been in a poor vill ge tohelpihe people there.
A.can't B.won't
D.needn't
C.mustn't
[解析]句京:--这顿饭真好吃!康康的妈妈做的吗?--不可能是她,这些天 她一直在一个贫穷的村庄帮助那里的人们。考查情态动词表推测。can'be不可能 是:won't=will mot将不会:mustnt一定不要,禁止:needn't没必要,根据句子 "让hese days s e has been in a poor vilage o elp t c pcople t here,"可推 这个人 一定不是Kangkang's mother,故选A项。
专题十一 动词的时态
悄悄话:时态无疑是初中英语最重要 的语法内容,学好时态就拿下了话法的 同学教材 复习重点 半壁江小
考点26一般现在时
「一般现在时表示经常性的动作或存在的状态,多与时间状语always,often,
示颜率的词组也带用于一般现在时
smeimes every day istht morning等连用.once a week vie a monthon weekenacst等莱
1.句式结构
肯定句式:主语(第一,二人称和第三人称复数)十动词原形.
主语(第三人称单数)十动词第三人称单数形式。
否定句式:主 (第一,二人称和第三人称复数 十助动词don't+动 原形, 主语(第三人称单数)十doesnt动词原形
疑问句式:助动词D十主 (第一,二人称和第三人称复数)十动词原形: 助动词Does十主语(第三人称单数)十动词原形?
肯定式:I read English every morning.我每天早上读英语。
否定式:1 don't read English every morning.
疑问式:Do you read English every morning?
肯定式:She has lunch at school on weekdays.她上学日在学校吃午饭。 否定式:She doesn't have lunch at school on weekdays.
疑向式,Does she have lunch at school on weekdays?
2.一般现在时的用法→即客观  The earth goes arowund the swun增球绕v太阳转, (1)表示永恒性、经常性和习惯性的动作。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,太阳东升西落。
She gets up at five every morning,她每天早晨五点钟起床
(2)表示现在的动作和存在的状态。
Her father worlks in a factory.她的父亲在一家工厂工作。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
[注意]


①在带有时间或条传状语从句的复合句中,如莱主勾是一般将来时,从句往往使用一 现在时表达将来含义。简称"主将从现",用得特别多,一定要记住噢! I'll go shopping after I finish my homework.我做完作业后将去购物。
We'll go swimming if it doesn't rain tomorrow,如果明天不下雨我们就去游。
②在带有宾语从句的复合句中。如果从句是客现真理或事实,无论主句是什么时态。
从句都应使用一般现在时。
The teacher told uslight ravels fasterthan sownd,老师告诉我们光速比声迷快。 在以here,there开头的句子
3)在某  here,ther开头的句于中用一般现在时表示正在 生的动作。 中,若主语为名词刚用制装句。
主语为代词则不倒装。
There goes the belL,铃有了。
车来了。 ④某些表示起始退,出发、到达之意的动词·可用一般现在时表示按规定计划或
安慰将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示来时间的状语)。这类动词有:Here comes the bus() Hereitcomes(不倒装) begin.come.go.leave,start,arrive.end.stop.open,close等.
The meeting begens ai2:00 pm. tomorrow,这个会议将于明天下午2点开始 The next tain teaves at7 oclock hi evening,下一列火车开在今晚7点离开.
[提分必练]
1.[2020·甘肃武威]1want a mobile phone which good pictures.
A.took B.is tnking C.takcem D.take
2.[2020·湖北恩施州]I hear that it often in Sichuan and there are usually floods. especially in summer.! 一般现在时标志词。
A.rains B.rained C.will rain
3.[2020·上海]Every year thousands of tourists the mountain aren to relax them selves
No one else看作第三人称单
A.visited B. were visiting Cvisit D.have visied数,谓语动词用单三形式。
4.[2020·河北模拟]Gary is the best ninger in my cla,.No one els so well.
A.sings B.sang C.will sing D.is singing
5.[2020-安徽模拟]Before the sun we need to get to the top of the mountain, A.set B.sets Cis setting D.will set
6.[2020·湖南湘西模拟]-think Karen should go wimming with Kate.zf引导条件状语从句,遵循"主从 现"愿则,she是第三人称单数,谓话 -If she ,she will have great fun.
动词用单三形式。
A.does B.do C.will do
from the west to客观真用一般现在时。
7.[2020·新疆模拟]ohn told his lirte daughter the carth
the earth是第三人称单 the cast
数,谓语动词用单三形式。
A.moved B.moving C.moves D,move 8.2020·湖北十堰模拟]Kevin will be healthier than before as long as he
=50 Long as.意为"只要",引导条件状请从 less meat and more vegetables.
C.will eat D.eaen句主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
A.eat B.eats
9.[2020·江苏无锡模拟]-Itsaid that drinking coffee cancer,Do I have
动名词作主语,谓话动词用单三形式。
to give it up?
-Relax!Not every hing on WeChat is true.Inf ct.a oifcea day keeps the doctor away.
A.cnuses B.has caused C.caused D.had caused
取消


10.[广东]Unless the weather we'll have to cancel the picnic.
A.improve B.improves C.improved D.will improve
考点27一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间进行的动作或存在的状态,多与时间状语yesterdny. last...一段时间十ago...g,justnow,the other day,onee upon a time,when she was young,at the age of five等连用。前几天,用于过去时态。
1.句式结构
肯定句式:主语十动词过去式.
否定句式:主语十助动词didn't十动词原形, 疑问句式,助动词Did+主语十动词原形?
be动词的过去式是was/were,否定句直 肯定式:She did some washing this morning.她今天早上洗了衣服 慢在was/were后加not,一般疑问句把 否定式:She didn't do any washing this morning.
waswere提到问首 疑问式,Did she do any waxhing this morning?
2.一般过去时的用法
1)表示过某一时刻或 段时 发生的   存在的么态.多  示过去的时 点 或时间段连用。"一段时间+ag"是一般过去时的标志。
I studied in this school ten yeark ago.十年前我在这所学校学习。
I got up at six this morning.我今天早晨六点起床的。
2)表示 过去连续发生的动作.往往没有时间获 . 是通过上下文来 明过 的 含义。
She opened the window.looked out and fond ome birds in the sky.她打开窗户
向外看了看,发现空中有一些鸟。
[注意]
悄悄话sed to do的否 定式为didn't use to do或 ①如果表示过去经常重复的动作。可以用"ed to+动词原形"来表示。
I used to have a walk in the morning,我过去经常在早慕散步。
used not to do.
回有些句子,虽然没有表示过去某个时 的块话.但实际上是指过去发生的动作 存
在的状态,也应该使用一般过去时。
Iddin't know you were hre.衰不知道你在这里.(在说适时,"我"已经知道你在 这里了。而这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能使用一般过去时。 虽然没有明显的表示过去 Wcthought you wereiI我们以为你生病了呢,( 句话应该是在说话之煎,我们 的时间状话,但是可以通 以为你生病了,但现在知进你没有重病, 过上下文的意思来推断
3.动调过去式的变化
时态
(1)规则变化
[(1)规则变化
(2)不规则变化]

"情况":"一般情况"
"构成方法":"加-ed"
"例词":"wash-washed help-helped"

"情况":"以不发音的字母e结尾"
"构成方法":"加-d"
"例词":"hope→hoped like→liked"

"情况":"以辅音字母+y结尾"
"构成方法":"变y为i,再加-ed"
"例词":"carry→carried study→studied"

"情况":"结尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节"
"构成方法":"双写末尾的辅音字母,再 加-ed"
"例词":"stop→stopped plan-planned"
(2)不规则变化
①AAA型(A代表动词原形、过去式和过去分词)
[①AAA型(A代表动词原形、过去式和过去分词)
ABA型(A代表动词原形→B代表过去式→A代表过去分词) become成为 become-became come"eame*come run-*ranrun跑]

"read→read→read读":"let→let→let让"
"cut→cut→cut切,割":"put→put→put放"

"read→read→read读":"cost→cost→cost花费,值"
"cut→cut→cut切,割":"hit→hit→hit撞,击"

"read→read→read读":"set→set→set安排,安置"
"cut→cut→cut切,割":"hurt→hurt→hurt使疼痛,受伤"

"read→read→read读":"bet→bet→bet赌博,打赌"
"cut→cut→cut切,割":"cast→cast→cast抛"
ABA型(A代表动词原形→B代表过去式→A代表过去分词) become成为 become-became come"eame*come run-*ranrun跑


ABC型(A代表动词原形B代表过去式、C代表过去分词)
④ABB型(A代表动词原形、B代表过去式和过去分词
[④ABB型(A代表动词原形、B代表过去式和过去分词
原形→ought→ought
bring→brought→brought带来 buy→bought→bought买 fight→fought→fought打架 think→thought→thought思考 seek→sought→sought寻求	原形→aught→augh catch→caught→caught捉,抓 teach→taught→taught教
原形→~~t feel→felt→felt感到 keep→kept→kept保持 leave→left→left离开 sleepslept→slept睡觉 sweep swept swept打扫 smell→smelt→smelt闻;发出气味	变其中一个辅音字母 build→built→built建造 hear→heard→heard听见 make→made→made制造 mean→meant→meant意思是 send→sent→sent发送,邮寄 spend→spent→spent花费 deal→dealt→dealt处理 rebuild→rebuilt→rebuilt重建 lend→lent→lent借
变其中一个元音字母 feed→fed→fed喂 meet→met→met遇见 get→got→got得到 hold→held→held 拿着,抓住;拥有 babysit→babysat→babysat临时照看 sit→sat→sat坐 win→won→won赢 find→found→found发现 bend→bent→bent使弯曲 dig→dug→dug挖 lead→led→led引导	辅音字母和元音字母都变 tell→told→told告诉 retell→retold→retold复述 havehad→had有,吃 stand→stood→stood站立 misunderstand→misunderstood misunderstood误解 understand→understoodunderstood理解 sell→sold→sold卖
]


"ow→ew-own":"blow→blew→blown吹 grow→grew→grown生长 know→knew→known知道 throw→threw→thrown扔"
"i→a→u":"begin→began→begun开始 drink→drank→drunk喝 sing→sang→sung唱 swim→swam→swum 游泳 ring→rang→rung打电话"
"ow→ew-own":"原形 过去式→过去式+(e)n wear→wore→worn穿 forget→forgot→forgotten忘记 speak→spoke→spoken说 freeze→froze→frozen结冰 choose→chose→chosen选择 break→broke→broken打破,折断"
"i→a→u":"原形→过去式→原形+(e)n eat→ate eaten吃 forbid→forbade→forbidden禁止 give→gave→given给 riderode→ridden骑 see→saw→seen看见 write→wrote→written 写 fall→fell→fallen落下 forgive→forgave→forgiven原谅;宽恕 mistake→mistook→mistaken误解 drive→drove→driven驾驶 rise→rose→risen上升 shake→shook→shaken摇动,抖动"


[ow→ew-own	i→a→u
blow→blew→blown吹 grow→grew→grown生长 know→knew→known知道 throw→threw→thrown扔	begin→began→begun开始 drink→drank→drunk喝 sing→sang→sung唱 swim→swam→swum 游泳 ring→rang→rung打电话
原形 过去式→过去式+(e)n wear→wore→worn穿 forget→forgot→forgotten忘记 speak→spoke→spoken说 freeze→froze→frozen结冰 choose→chose→chosen选择 break→broke→broken打破,折断	原形→过去式→原形+(e)n eat→ate eaten吃 forbid→forbade→forbidden禁止 give→gave→given给 riderode→ridden骑 see→saw→seen看见 write→wrote→written 写 fall→fell→fallen落下 forgive→forgave→forgiven原谅;宽恕 mistake→mistook→mistaken误解 drive→drove→driven驾驶 rise→rose→risen上升 shake→shook→shaken摇动,抖动


⑤AAB型(A代表动词原形和过去式、B代表过去分词) beat→beat→benten打败]
"原形→ought→ought":"bring→brought→brought带来 buy→bought→bought买 fight→fought→fought打架 think→thought→thought思考 seek→sought→sought寻求"
"":"原形→aught→augh catch→caught→caught捉,抓 teach→taught→taught教"
"原形→ought→ought":"原形→~~t feel→felt→felt感到 keep→kept→kept保持 leave→left→left离开 sleepslept→slept睡觉 sweep swept swept打扫 smell→smelt→smelt闻;发出气味"
"":"变其中一个辅音字母 build→built→built建造 hear→heard→heard听见 make→made→made制造 mean→meant→meant意思是 send→sent→sent发送,邮寄 spend→spent→spent花费 deal→dealt→dealt处理 rebuild→rebuilt→rebuilt重建 lend→lent→lent借"


"原形→ought→ought":"变其中一个元音字母 feed→fed→fed喂 meet→met→met遇见 get→got→got得到 hold→held→held 拿着,抓住;拥有 babysit→babysat→babysat临时照看 sit→sat→sat坐 win→won→won赢 find→found→found发现 bend→bent→bent使弯曲 dig→dug→dug挖 lead→led→led引导"
"":"辅音字母和元音字母都变 tell→told→told告诉 retell→retold→retold复述 havehad→had有,吃 stand→stood→stood站立 misunderstand→misunderstood misunderstood误解 understand→understood- understood理解 sell→sold→sold卖"
⑤AAB型(A代表动词原形和过去式、B代表过去分词) beat→beat→benten打败
[提分必练]
主句是现在完成图,ince引导的时间状语从句用一般过去。
1.[2020·黑龙江龙东]It has been two months since my father for Iraly.
A.was left B.ieft C.leaves 2.[2020·江苏苏州]-Wow,you've made so much progress in drawing. -Thanks.1 two online courses this winter holiday.
A.took B.will take Ctake D.wis taking 3.[2020·四川凉山州]On January 29th.2020.Zhong Nanshan and his team spend.in) doing"在某 over four hours online five paticnts who were seriously ill, and made a
上花费 Treat ment plan for those patients. >whether to do是否可以彼……
A.spents checking
B.spent; to check
C.spends checking
D.spend: to check
4.[2020·上海模拟]The debate n whether to keep pet]
悄悄活: forty minutes 做时态题,找准时间状话 yesterday afternoo2 主话 定话 谓话
A.last时间状话 B.lasted C.will last D.has lasted 才是关键。
5.[2020·湖北襄阳模拟]The second CS19 large passenge plane its first fiht at Shanghai Pudong,Inserational Airport on December 17t.2017,过去的时间状语。
A.completes B.completed C.has complered D.was completing
6.[2020·江苏宿迁模报]Liu Chuanjian,the command pilo of Sichun Airlines Flight 3U8633.sucessfully down the plane lant month.
A.has brought B.will bring C.brought D.bring
7.[2020·湖北武汉模拟]-1 still don't know what while I was away from hom从句为过去的时态,what导的实渣从句也用过去时态。
-You'll know it all some day. I believe.
A.hve happened B, would happen C.has happened D.happened [20.四川]出模拟]e is smeoe kckingatthe dor 下re betntdoig在做 -lt must be the repairman. I him to come to fix our fridge two hours aga. 一定是,表示推测。
fxv ①修湾;校准;校正
A.call B.have called C.called 9.[湖北武汉]-Sorry,Tom.I can't find the book you me.国使固定安装 -Ii's OK.I don't need it any more.
③决定;确定(日期,时间等)


A.lend B.have lent C.will lend D.lent 句没有明显的时间状话标志,这时
10.[新疆]-Are you going anywhere?
about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind, 必须根据上下文进行判断。
A.think B.have thought C.will think D.thought have changed说明现在已经改变,由
此可知前句用一般过去时。
考点28一般将来时
There be句型的一般将来时: 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态.往往与表示将来含义的时间 There will be.. 状语tnoxrow,nxt year, in 2020,.n+一段时间等连用。一般将来时有legxing to结构和 There is going to be
如天气要化: will结构两种形式。
Look at the sLack cloude There are going to be
1.be going to结构
It's goung to rain
切记:be动词一定不要用 对于按打算、决定、计划将要做的事,表示已经决定的,很可能发生的事,或某种迹象 表明要发生的事,一般用be goingto句式来表示。其句式结构为:
成have
肯定句式:主语+动词be(am,is,are)+going to十动词原形, →助动词be根据主语来变化形式。 否定句式:主语+动词be(am,is,are)+not+going to+动词原形, 疑向句式:助动词Be(Am,1Ae+主u+goingto十+ 动词原形s后限不可数名词 单名词 肯定句,He isgoing fo travelarowndthe world. 计 划周游世界.are后跟复数名询 否定句,He isnt going to travel around the world. 疑问句:ls he going to travel around the world?
2.wil(shall)结构
这种结构表示未经考虑的意图,当主语是第一人称时,可用shall.而wili以用在任 何人称之后。
(1)will(shall结构的肯定句式
主语+will shall)+动词原形, She will call you thin evening.她今天晚上会给你打电话
(2)will(shall)结构的否定句式
主语+willcshall)+not十动词原形。
She won' have time to play with you tomorrow.明天没有时间和你玩, (3)willsall构的疑间句式have time to do sth 有时间做某事 Will(Shall主语+动词原形?t do不定式作定修time,表示"做·的时间" Will she come back in a week?一周后她会回来吗?
Shall we go swimming this afternoon?今天下午我们去游泳怎么样?
3.be doing表示将来
常用这种结构的动词有:g,come,leave, arive,stay.start、ly. cgin等,表示即 将发生或安排好要做的事情,in一段时间,用于将来时态 Our ship is arriving in London in five minutes.我们的船五分钟后将抵达伦敦, 即将到达,现在进行时表示将
来重生。
[注意]即:趋向的词的一般现在时表示按时间、计划安排等将要做生的事。 ①表示位置移动的动词go.come,leave.starr.arve, stay,bgin等可用一数现在 时表示预定要发生的动作。
School begins on September 1st.九月一日开学。
Tony goes to Hainan tomorrow.托尼明天要去海南。
②在带 时间现条件执 以句的复合 中,如果主 做有 来會义,从 应谈用一般
现在时表达将来含义.引导的时间状话从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时。 Il ive him the message as soon asIsee him.我一看见他就把口给他。
We'llgo shopping if it doen't rain,如果不下,我们就去购物。
Dont get off the bus untilit stops直到公交车停下来你才能下车。
③在下面儿种情况下只可用willshall表示将来,而不可用be going to结构:
a.表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请戏命令时, Will you please open the window?请你开下窗户好吗?
b.表示意愿时。


We will heip himif he asks us,如果他问我们,我们会帮助他。
c.表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。
Inthe future:there wil be new sc ool here.将来这儿要 一所前学校。
I will be thirteen years old next year,明年我就13岁了。
[提分必练]
计引导的条件状语从句时态符合"将从现。
1.[2020·北京]f you take this train.you in Shanghai in five hours.
A.arrive B. will arrive C.arrived D.have arrived 注意两个计的不同用法哦!
2.[2020·四川凉山州]-Let's go camping if it next Saturday. -But nobody knows if it 引导条件状话从句,时态主祈从现"。
A.is fine: rains
B.will be fine rains 引导宾语从句,时态
C.is fine; will rain"主视从不限 D.will he fines will rain
3.[2020·浙江温州]-Have scientists found life on Mars?
Not yet, but I think they it some day."有一天",节用于一般将来时。
A.find B.found C.have found D. will find 4.[2020·重庆B卷]Don't drink coffee before going to bed.or you casily.
A.don't fll asleep
B, won't fall aslcep "新便句randor简单句"中, C.didn't fall asleep
D.haven't fallen aslcep 简单句节用一般将来时态
5.[2020·江苏南京模拟]-We to Yun Brocnde Muneum with the cxchange students this coming summer holiday. 将来时的标志。
-That's amazing!
A.went B.go C.have gone Dwill 用于一般将来时。
6.[2020·甘肃天水模拟]There great changes in Tianshui in next ten years. "将从现"牢的"从"有时是
A.ate B.were C.will be D.are going to have 一个新便句,晴舍一个条件
7.[2020·山东潍坊模拟]A litle effort every day,you a big hfference
状语从句,那么主句用一般
A.makes B.made
D.will make
C.have made
将来时。
8.[贵州贵阳]Hury up!The sky is covered with dark cloudls,I'm afraid it
A.rains
B.is going to rain 被黑云覆盖
C.rained
根据某种迹恳看上去要发生,用"be going to结
D.was raining 构表示将来时。 考点29现在进行时 顾名恩义时间是"现在"自动作在"进行" 现在进行时表示即刻 现在正在发生 进行着的某一动作,多与时间获语now,at the moment,at present等连用。
1.句式结构
肯定句式:主语助动词be(am.is,are)+现在分词.
香定句,主语+助动词  Gam.ismar) not现在分词
疑间句式:助动词Be(Am.ls.Are)+主语十现在分词?
肯定句:The students are listening to thcir teacher now.学生们正在听老师讲课。 否定句:The st d ents ren:list ening t0 their teachier now.
疑问句:Are the students listening to ther teacher now?
2.现在进行时的用法
(1)表示说话时动作正在进行,往往与now连用,有时用在祈使句之后 现在进行时的特殊疑问句式:疑问 What are you doing now?你现在在做什么?
词+betam.is.are+主语+现在分词: Don't make any noise,Mother is sleeping.不要吵。妈妈在睡觉呢。
(2 )表示现阶段动作正在进行,但不一就是说话时正在进行、往往和atpresnt,this
晴示词很重要! week,these days等时间状语连用。


提示某人去听、去看,说明 What le  ons are you learning this week: 你们这个星期学哪些课了:
(3)当句中含有Look!或Listen!Canyou se...,n'tyou see...暗镜示同时.后边句某#正在发生。 子也用现在进行时。
悄悄话:有时always也用于现在进行时表示赞物
L.isten!Who is erying in the next room?
或厌恶的情感。
听!谁在隔壁房间哭呢?
He is always helrin others in his ife他一生中 We can't go out to play.我们不能出去玩了。 总在帮助别人(赞物) Why not?为什么不能呢?
The boy is always causing trouble at school Can't you see it is raining outside?你没看见外面正下雨吗?个男孩无是在学校麻烦(就评) [注意]动词g,come,leave,start,arrive可以用现在进行时表示最近按计划
或安排娶进行的动作。
How many of you are coming to the party nexr week?你们有多少人下周来参加聚会?
She is leaving for Qinghai this weekend.这个周末动身去青海。
以下这些动词一般不用于现在进行时的句于中: would Like ①表示感官的动词,如see.hear等 would Likellove to do sth ②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love,hae等。
愿意想要做某单 ③表示希望的动词(词组),如want,would like等 would Like sb to do sth ④表示状态的动词,如be等。
想要某人做某事 ⑤表示归属的动词,如have等。
①表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如know.forget等
3.现在分词(doing)的变化规则
[3.现在分词(doing)的变化规则
[提分必练]]

"情况":"一般情况"
"构成方法":"在动词词尾加-ing"
"例词":"go going play-playing know-knowing"

"情况":"以不发音的字母e结尾"
"构成方法":"先去e再加-ing"
"例词":"make→making arrive arriving come coming"

"情况":"以重读闭音节结尾,且动 词词尾只有一个辅音字 母时"
"构成方法":"先双写这个辅音字母,再 加-ing"
"例词":"run→running stop stopping swim swimming"

"情况":"以-ie结尾"
"构成方法":"先将-ie改成y,再加-ing"
"例词":"tie tying die dying lie→lying"
[提分必练]
1.[2020·四川凉山州]-Jack, I'm busy doing the washing. Can you give me a hand? Wait a moment.1 the bed.
A.am making B.will make C.was making D.have made 2.[2020·北京]--What's that moise. Sam?
现在进行时的标志词 My little brother with his toy car now.
A.will play B.is playing C.plays D.played
3.[2020·海南模拟]-May I use your computer?
Sorry.I on it.
A.work B.am working C.have workcd
4.[2020·湖北黄石模拟]More and more foreig students begin to learn Chinese,and ,两个比较级连用,表示"越来越…··" many of them Chinese better and better now.
A.are spoken B.spoke C.have spoken D,are speaking
5.[2020·湖南邵阳模拟]-Where is jim
第6题要准确领会话境,《正在)吃 -Look!He under the tree,现在进行时的标志。
A.is standing B.stood
饭的时候,不能哭"。
C.stands
6.[2020·湖南株洲模拟]We are not allowed to laugh when we 比装:rll announce an important


A.ate B.have eaten C.are eating decision when we eat 7.[2020·新疆阜康模拟]--I can't find David.Where is he? 当我们吃饭的时候,我要宣有一个 He for tomnorrow's competition at homne, 要的决定。
A.prepares B.is preparing C.has prepared D.prepared.
8.[2020-四川乐山模拟]-Look ou! Something down from the building.
-Dear me! Ir's too dangerous. 当心小心!提示某事正在线生。
A.fell B.falls C.is falling
9.[北京]Turn off the water while you your teeth or washing your hands. 无论他们去哪里
A.were brushing B.brush C.are brushing D.brushed wherever引喜让步状语从 10.[福建福州]Today's young people can't live without phones. They keep their
此处可换为no matter hands on the phones wherever they go,even while they meals. where they go.
A.had B.will have C.are having D,were having 悄悄话
11.[广东]The no keeper is worried because the number of visitors smaller and the number of作语,谓 smaller.
活动词用年数形式;
A.become B.are becoming C.is becoming D.have become number of-作意语,谓
活动词用复数形式。 星推荐一本涂书初中英语
考点30现在完成时
宠在完成时苦在两个时间之上,是过去,一是现在,它的动作发生在过去,但对现在 有影响与现在完成时连用的时间获语往往有alrea dy.ye -cver,ncver,forsince these days,so far,just,recently,in the past last) few years 等
1.句式结构
already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后,过去分 肯定句式:主语+助动词have(has)+过去分词。 间之前,也可放在句末:沙yet放在句末,在疑问句 否定句式:主语+助动词have(han)+not+过去分词 中表示"已经,在否定句表示"还", 疑问句式:助动词Have(Has)+主语+过去分词? 肯定句:1have aiready finished my homework.我已经完成作业了。
否定句:1 haven' finished my homework yet.
疑问句,Have you finished your homework yet?
肯定句:She han liyed in thin city for ten years,已在这座城市住了十年了。 否定句,She hasn't lived in this city for ten years, 疑间句:Has she lived in this city for ten years?
2.现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。
Zhang Fang hes just turned off the ligh.张芳刚刚把灯美上。(说明灯现在关上了) I have already cleaned the room.我已经打扫了房间.(说明现在房间已经干净了)
(2)表示过去发生的动 延续到现在.面且还将继续下去的动作或续态·往往与表示段时间的状语连用。
My f ther has wor'ed i贪 this facto y for many years,我父亲在这家工厂工作很多 年了。(工作到现在)
(3)表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。
I've been to the Great Wall many times.我去过长城好多次。
3.现在完成时的注意事项
(1)现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在 的关系,表示对规在的影响或结果,而一般过去时厕只表示过去的 实,不表示与 现在的关系.现在完成时不 和具体的过去时 点 用.而一般过去时要与具 体 的过去时间点连用。


I haven' seen her these day.这些天我没见过她。(到现在一直没见过) I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(现在了解内容)
Isw the film last night.我昨晚看了这部电影。(只强调昨晚看的)
I sw her this morning,今天上午我见到她了。(只强调上午见到的)
(2) have ben o表示*去过某地",表示某人的一种经历,可与once,twice,never. ever等时间状语连用:have gone to表示"去了某地",说话时某人已经离开此地。 在去某 的途中成已经在某地,所以一般此句式只用于第三人称:havhas hee in十地方,表示某人来某地、去某地或在某地待了多久,后边是副词时不加in。
Where have you been these days?这些天你去哪儿了?
-I've been to my hometown.我回老家了。(已经回来了)
Where is Mary?玛丽去哪儿了!
She has gone to the post office,她去邮局了。(还没回来)
(3)英语中,有些动词所表示的动作一-发生就到了终点,我们把这种动词称作短暂性动 词或终此性动词,这类动问在青定句中不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,这时可 以用其他方式加以替换。常用的这类动词有:go.cme.leave,begin,start,cno. buy.die.join.borrow等
方式一:短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。 ①have arive at/insp..have got to/reac edsp.,have come/gonermovedto sp. have been in sp. 悄悄话:我发现除个别词有门的延续性动词转换外,大部分的词与 ②have become-have been "been有关系,即短暂性动词转换为"表状态"的形式。
have got up-have been up
增乐趣
①have died-have been dend Shave left sp.-have been away from sp.
@have fallen asleep/gone to sleep have been asleep have finished/ended/completed-have been over
Bhave marricd-have been married have begun--have been on @have borrowed-have kept ①have bought-have ha 2have caught/got a cold-have had a cold Khave got to know-have known @have joined/taken part in the Lengue/the Party/the army have been a member of the League/the Party/the army 或 have been in the Legue/he Party/he army 方式二:
①用一般过去时替换现在完成时,时间状语作相应的变化。
She has left Shanghai for twenty years.(误) She lefr Shanghai weny years ago.(正) 她二十年前就离开了上海。 ②将表示动作的动词改为表示状态的词语,形容词表状态,可以与一段时间连用噢 He has come here for many years.(误) He has been here for many years.(E) 他来这里很多年了。
Her grandfather has died for half a year.(误) Her grandfather has been dead for half a year.(正 她的祖父去世半年了。
have和keer是两个表示"拥有"的常用词,可与一段时 ③)更改谓语动词。
She has bought her computer for a week.(误) 间運用二者可互换。 She has had her computer for a week.(正E.) 她买电脑有一周的时间了。
How long can I borrow this magazine?(误 How long can I keep this magazine?(正) 这本杂志我可以借多长时间? ①将现在完成时的句子改为"lrs+时间段+xince十一般过去时。"。


She has left school for a year.(误) [h's a year sine she f sthol)tt as beena year since she lef school 她离开学校一年了。
[提分必练]
1.[2020·江苏泰州]Some primary and secondary schools winter sports to,"现在完成时+since+一般 their courses since Bejing won the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. 过去时从句"。
A.added B. will add C.have added D,were adding
2.[2020·北京]we cach other since I came to Beijing,but we send emails very often.
A.don't see B.didn't see C.won't see D.haven't seen
32020·贵州铜仁]-Maria,what do you think of Mount Fanjing?
Very cool.I there once. I'd like to go there again.
A.has been B.have been C.have gone D, has gone 4.[2020·黑龙江哈尔滨]一Hi,Jill.I in my math since you shared your good experience with me. "make rapid progress"取得快速的进步 Great! Cangratulations!
A.have made rapid progress B.made rapid progress
C. will make rapid progrews
配推男 初中英语
achievement n成就achieve v实现成功
5.[2020·福建模拟"hira get achuevements in science and techniogy since 1978. A.makes B.made C.has made 悄悄话再次提醒: 6.[2020·甘肃天水模拟]-When will A Bite of Chin IIl begin tonight? since+过去时间点/表过去时 一lt for ten minutes. 的句子/一段时间tago
A. will bcgin B.has begun C.will be on D.has been on 它对现在完成时"情有独饼"。
7.[2020·广东模拟]1ris aidthat te numnber of forest par'ys in Guangdong;
t0 more than 1.000 0far现在完成时的标志。
A.increase B.increased C.has increased D.will increase
8.[2020·湖北黄冈模拟]一Younewwatch is ionice!When did you buy jt? -In April.1 it for two ronths
A.have had B.had C.have hought D.bought
9.[2020·上海模拟]The fim (Operation Rd Sna a lot of praine nince itw first show months ago.不被ago"迷或 吃准"since"对现在完成时"情有独钟"。
A.wins B.win C.will win D.has won can't wait to do迫不及得
10.[2020·河北模拟] an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go.
D.have reccived 地要去做
A.receive B.will receve C.was receiving 《1.[2020·四川东山模拟]I'm sorrg or c ng ati esbre rdin r u某 感到德敷
Never mind. The meeting for only 5 minutes.This way. please.
A.has begun B.has ended C.has been on
12.[四川泸州] -Jenny, when did you move here? here for three years.
A.lived B.moved C.have moved D.have lived


13.[湖北黄冈]How do you like Tasr land.1LuyY, Q.th句子如地.以一于 -It's so exciting that it wice.twice两次,用于现在完成时。 NO one看作第三人称单数, A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.had read谓语动词用单三形式。
14.[江苏扬州]She her hometown for many years,No one nearly knows her.
A.has been away from
B.has left fort一段时间是现在完成时的标志。
C.had left
D.is away from
15.[浙江杭州]-Where is Mr.Wang? -He together with his students Zhuyuwan Park. A.han.gone 10
B.have gone to
C.has been to
D.have been to 16.[湖北黄冈]-Amy.can we give away these soft toys?We them for many years -Mom.but I want to keep the bear
C.have bought D.have had
A.hought B.had
17.[河南]I heatd a new song on the radio.1 high and low in the masic store,but I can't find the song.
没有"结果"但确实搜过了,用现在完成时。
A.search
B.have searehed search high and low遍了
C.am searching
D, will search
考点31过去进行时顾名恩义时间是"过去"⑤动作在"进行"
过去 行时主要表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态. 往往与时间状语then,at this time yesterday.at that time,at five yesterday mornaing.from ight to ten yesterday以及when,while, just a引导的时间状语从句 等连用,或用另一动作表示过去的时间。
用于第三人称单数和第一人称单数。
1.句式结构
肯定形式,主语+助动词be(was.were)+现在分词。 所有复数及第二人称, 否定形式:主语+助动词be(was,were)+not十现在分词。 疑问形式:助动词Be(Was,Were)+主语+现在分词?
增乐趣
肯定句:They were drawing pictures when the teacher came in.老师进来时他们正在 曲
否定句:They weren't drawing pictures when the teacher ceame in.
疑问句:Were they drawing pictures w hen the teacher came in?
2.过去进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 We were talking about you at this time last night,昨晚这个时候我们正在谈论
你呢。
Iwas doing my hmework from seven to eight yesterday evening.昨晚7点到8点
我正做我的作业, 明确的,具体的过去时间段。
(2)用于对故事中的情节进行描述。
It was dark and the wind was blowing.天色漆黑,还刮着大风。
(3)当两个一长一短的动作在过去某一时间同时发生时,用过去进行时表示比较长的 动作。此时过去进行时可以用于主句,也可用于从句。
I was raining haraw en l left sc ool.当我离开晕校时,天在下大雨。
When you called.I was eating.你打电话时,我在吃饭。
They were watching TV when the lights went out,他们正在看电视,这时灯熄
哭了,@活话bg doingwhen.表示、"正在'-……·.远时)突然.……只能用when,不能用while
(4)当两个延续性动作同时进行时,两者都可以使用过去进行时。 Iwasreading the ewspaper whlewas w iting tor the s,我一边看报纸,一边
连接两个同时进行的动作。 等公交车。
(5)过去进行时常和always等表示额率的副词连用,表示过去繁发生的习惯性动 作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。


Alice was always changing her mind.艾丽斯总是改变主意。(批评) Alice was always helping others.艾丽斯总是帮助别人。(赞扬)
[提分必练]
1.[2020·贵州黔东南州]did the rainstorm come,Mr, Liu? -While we a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A.Whent have had
B.When:were having
C.While: are having
D.While: have
2.[2020·贵州黔西南州]While Mike computer games in his room, his dad came in. "当…时·
C, will play
A.is playing B.was playing
D.plays
3.[2020·四川甘孜州] a math problem with Joe when Mike called me up.
A.have discussed
B.discussed
C.was discusning
4.[2020·广东模拟]-Isaw the light of your room was still on at two oclock last night.
-Oh.I a football muatch of the Russin World Cup.
A.watched B,was watched C.am watching D.was watching
5.[2020·四川成都模拟]Yesterday,1 the subway home when 1 suddenly,固定句式be doing when found I was on the wrong line.
A.took B.was taking C.had taken
6.[2020·江苏苏州模拟]-Why are you so late today?从…
"旁边经过,是短暂性动词。 --Three buses went by without stopping while I at the bus stop. notice sb do注意到某人
A.am waiting B. waited C. have waited D,was waiting 做过
7.[2020·浙江温州模拟]lohn hard on his projet that he didn't notice notice sb doing注意到某 his mom enter the room.
人正在做……
A.works B.has worked C.wan working D, will work
8 . 2020·湖北十堰模 ]一IsawMr,Smith in the o ice at ten yesterday morning. 在那时,过去的时间点正在我 -That's impossible. He an English party with us then. 生的动作用过去进行时。
D,has had
A.has B.had C.was having 主句是过去时,从句用过去某一时态:此处表示
9.[江苏苏州]-Oh,dear!Apower cut!
the washing machine. 过去的动作正在进行,故用过去进行时。 -Sorry.I didn't know you
B.tsed C.use D.were ssing
A.are using
研究考题 提分要义
英语中动词的"时态"是指谓语动词动作发生时的各种形式。中考试题在有关动词时 态的 查中,敷现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时、现在进行时,现在完成时和过去进 行时是考查的重点。动词时态的判断技巧如下:
题点根据时间状语与时态的对应关系确定时态
动问特定的时志常常与特定的时间状语联系在一起,如由thintime yesterday可知用 过去进行时:由sofar.inthe pastthree years.till ow可知要用现在完成时,等等. an amusement park?
典例-Have you ever
Fun Times Amumement Park last your. Yes.I have.1
A.been to; have gone to B.gone to: have been to
D. been to: went to
C.go tos went to [解析]句意: 你曾去过游乐回吗? 是的,我去过,去年我去了欢乐时光 游示因.者东动词则感.hashve been to表示"曾去过来地已回来了 ;hashave


oncto示"了气"、由下文'"s; yr"听?第二一 时,故远D项。
题点2 根据上下文语境来确定时态
在绝大多数情况下,动词的时态是由上下文来决定的,这就要求我们一方面要熟记各 种时 的适用能围,另一方面要求我们往 上下文的提示,从 几年中 试烟来 , 动词时态的考查更加注重将动词放在特定的语境中去考查,让考生根据语境判断句 子时 ,在做 时要注意联系上下文语境.既要考虑时态.也要考虑进态、回时也要往 tis,说明本句是现在时态,那么前后句都应属于"现在"的范畴。
意动词的形式。
dark and dirty.it's no longer safe to drink. 典例1[江西]The water
D.was berome
B.has become C.will become
A.became
[解析]句意:水变得又黑又醒,喝它不再安全了.由后句句意可 断:水变胜己 经是事实,故用现在完点时,故选B项。
典例2[四川成都]-Did you 'e r otmcone knock at t e oor justnow?
to my friend on the phone.省略了时间状when someone knocked at the door, Sorry.1
B.talked C.am taliking
A.was talking
你刚才听见有人敲门吗? 不好意思,我在给我的朋友打电
[解析]句意
话,这里指刚才们的时候,我正在打电话,所以句子应该用过去进行时,故远 "ever sincer过去时态"的 A项
scardof dons wr a a b mw hnw wasis rd现在完成时的标志; 典例3[杭州]I
D.would be
C.have been
ever since then也用于现
A.will be B.was
[解析]句意:自从我五岁的时候一只狗咬了我,我就一直很害怕狗。"evcr sincv过 在完成时。 去时态"的句子往往用于现在完成时中。故选C项。
典例4[江西]-Do you have any plans for tonight?
Yes.1 nt the new Italian restaurant in town ("ate D.am going to eat A.eat B.have caten [解析]根据时间状 tonighi可 话人准 令晚去镇上 开的意火 餐厅吃 饭,碰述将来要发生的事情用一般将来时,故远D项。
专题十二 动词的语态
学习小贴士:语态指的是主话和谓话之 间的关系,分为主动语态和被动语态。 同学教材 复习重点 因态是指滑活动词发生的时间和状
态各种时态都有主动语态和被动语
考点32一般时态的被动语态
态两种形式,主动诸态和被动语态可 以相互转换,但主话不同。
一、被动语态的构成
被动请态是由" 动词b的适当时态形式十友物动 的过去分间"构成,这里的b主动台被动方法口诀; 有时态的变化,各种不同时态的被动语态构成方法是:
单个实话直接变,两个实话 一般现在时:主语+助动词be(am,is.are)+及物动词的过去分词。 可轮换,擦亮眼睛仔细看 般过去时,主   动 be (was,were)+及物 词的过去分词 物是主话人非主,to和for要 股将来时:主语十助动词wil(mis/are going ) e+及物动词的过去分问
这里应该注意的是:一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态中的助动词be既表示时"人"前站, 态,又表示语态:而其他时态中既有时态助动词,也有语态助动词。我们在进行句
式转化时应该变化时态助动词
被动语态的基本构成就是"be done",人称、数和时态 Histoy imgo y oope. 力 人民创造的的零人是 c的秀化体现出来的 These cars were made in Shanghai in 2010,这些汽车是2010年在上海生产的
二、被动语态的几种类型
1.由及物动润构成的被动语态
由于及物动词可以直接带宾语因此及物动词自然就可用在被动语态中,它分两种 情况。
(1)有一个宾语的句子的被动语态,这时可以直接将主动语态的赛语改为被动语态的 主语即可。
My mother made a cake last night. →被动语态中用"b"引出动作的执行者。
-Acake was made ymy mo her l stnigh.我够妈咋天晚上做了一个蛋糕。
(2)某些动词后面可以加双宾语,一个是表示人的间接宾语.另一个是表示物的直接宾 语.这时在议为被动语态时,可以将间接 语改为主谱:也可将直接宾语改为主 语,不过这时应该在间接宾语前加上介词t0或for.
(加to或for在前面实义动词分类中及物动词跟双宾语中列举过)


Emma gave me an eraser,-I was given an eraser by Emma.
→An eraser was given to me by Emma.艾玛给了我一块橡皮。
2.由不及物动词构成的被动语态
由于不及物动 不 直接带  ,所以只有在不及物动词后面加上令词或副词构成 动词短语之后.才能用于被动语态中.在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉动词短语的介 词或副词。
She picked up a wallet from the floor.
三、主动形式表达被动含义
+A wallet was picked up from the floor by her,她从地上捡起一个钱包。
英语中,某些主动句式也可以表达被动含义,主要有以下几种情况
1.形容词worth后面加上动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。be worth doing值得做… This novel is well worth reading.这部小说很值得读。 be well worth doing很值得做……
2.在need,want,require等动词后往往用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。 This house neds rpiring这座房子需要修理了可以换为to be reraired。 3.在t00....结构中,不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。
The plane is too high to see,飞机飞得太高了,都看不见了。
4.形容词c .difil,hrd,chcap,cpensiv,m,ni,dngerous,excitg,. funmy,heavy,important,goud,interesting等后面接不定式作状语时,往往用主动 形式表达被动含义。find sth/sb+形容词发现某物/某人是…·的 这两个句子最后边不可以再加i或them。 This text is feasy to onderstand.这篇课文容易理解
They found the question dificat to answer.他们发现这个间题很难回答
5.动词不定式作定语时,如果它的逻辑主语是句子的主 或 宾语, 可以用主动形式
表达被动含义。
They have a lot of work to do.他们有很多工作要傲、 6.不及物动词wash,sell, write,read,close,open,wear,catch等往往用主动形式表
达被动含文,说明主语的性质或特征。sellwel得好,畅弱,well是副词,修动词。 The product sells well.这种产品很畅销。 This kind of cloth wears well,这种布耐穿.
[提分必练]
1.[2020·广西北部湾]ln 1958,pinvin byChinese lingust(语言学家)Zhou Yougunng and his team. 一般过去时的被动适态wasweret动词的过去分词
A.designs B.designed C.is designed D.was designed
2.[ 2020·青海]What do you know ablout the sr quake happeaed in e morning?? The wounded people to the hospital in time. ""反时
A.are brought B.were brought C will be brought 受伤的人
3.[2020+江苏南通]As son as books ·the volunteers posted them to the sTudents in Hope Primary School. … order sb to do sth
A.are raised
D.have raised
B.were raised C.raised
命令某人做某事
4.[2020·广东模拟]Many shops in China to shut downj as a new law 此处主话为商店,用被 against iry(象)rade ame into dffd aai,1,作置定语,动语。
A.ordered B.didn't order C.were ordered D.weren't ordered
5.[2020·重庆模拟]The 2022 Winter Olympie CGames in China, I'm sure it
一般将来时的被动语态:will be动词的过去分词 will be a great sucess 先时态后语态
A.hold B.will hold C.were held D. will be held