6.[2020·安徽模拟]The weatherman says a rain showet this nfternoon in the south.
A.expects B.expeeted Cis rxpected D.was expected
1.[2020·河北模拟]Hangzhou as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A.knows B.is known C.wats known D.will he known
8.[2020·四川乐山模拟]It's not your turn yetPlease wait on the chair over there until you 被叫到,用被动语态。
A.are calling B.have called Care called
9.[2020·安徽模拟]Mr.Green l0 sing an English song at the party and heinvite sb.to do变被动
nang well.
t为sb be invited to do.
A.was invited B.invited C.is invited D.invites 悄悄话:本题可以分三步走:0时态
10.[四川泸州] fre breakfasts in all schools in China? 和语恋:一般现在时的被动语态am)
No.not yet.Only in the rural areas
is/aretdone@主一数:are done
B.Do:serve C.Are: served D.Do:mak 一般问句are提前。
A.Are: made
11.[北京]Muny studenes chane] to show themselves in clas becaune the class sireis tobi题意可知是学生被给予机会
主话跟实话是同一个人,动词
D.won't give
A.don't give B.aren't given C.haven't given
无用反身代词
12.[湖北黄冈]-Do you think teenagers 10make their own decisions"
-No.I don't agree with you. They re too young to do that. make one's own decision自己做决定
A.encourage B.are encouraging C.are encouraged D.were cncouraged.
增乐趣
13.[福建福州]-Don't smoke here,Dad.Smoking in public places.
Oh,sorr. Ilso righ no. 名词作主语,谓诗动词用单数。
A.in' allowed Baren't allowed C.doesn't allow ,allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
be allowed todo sth.被允许做某争 考点33现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态 allow doing sth允许做某事
一、现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构是:主语十助动词 ave< has) bcen十及物动词的过即have/has bendone" 去分词。
这样记简单噢! Many trees have heen planted on he hill.山上种了许多村.
All the work has been finished already.所有的工作都已经完成了。
[注意]观在完成时的被动语恋表示被动的动作时现在约影响成过去 动的动作 延续到现在。
His bike hasn't been repaired.他的自行车还没有修好。
二、含情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的句子,在改为被动语态后应该在情态动词后加上助动词be.结构即can be done,Rcan代指 为"情态动词+be+过去分词"
情态动词,这样记比较简单 We can change water into ice.我们可以把水变成冰。 噢 Water can be changed into ice by us,水可以被我们变成冰。
You must hand in your papers after class.下课后你们必须把试卷交上。 Yourpapets must e handed in after ciasby youi卷必须在下课后由你们交上。


[注意] 介词不能丢掉 be known for因为…·名 ①某些结构类似被动语态,但实际上是主系表维构be knownas作为 而名 be covered with 技.…··.覆盖 be interested in 对…····感兴 be surprised at对……·感到吃惊 Vbe known to为.……·所起
学习小贴士: be amazed at对····.到惊讶 be filled with充满
王感宣、三便后,吃了我的给 be worried about对……·.感对担心
我"吐"(to出来"好僧好"还", ②主动句中在感官动词see, hear:watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make. 还原"t", have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,必须加上不定式符号TO。 感动词后如据现在分词 I heard her sing an Einglishsong.我听到她唱了一首英文歌曲。 作宾话补足语,变被动话 She was heard to sing an English song.被听到了一首英文歌曲。 念时仍用现在分词。 We saw them go upstairs.我们看到他们到楼上去了 see sb. doing They were seen to go upstairs,他们被看到去了楼上。 sb. be seen doing
[提分必练]
1.[2020·湖北默汉]-Do you nee ay lelp祝在完成时的被动语态;have1has pnt动淘的过去分词 -No,thanks.We a lot of support since last year.
A.have offered
B.have been offered
C.were offered
D,were offering 2.[2020·湖南邵阳]-A new airport will be built in Tantou. Longhui Good news! But a lot of good farmland 念情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+动词 的过去分词
A.will waste B.may be wasted C.has wasted
3.[2020·广西贵港模拟]Children under 12years old ride sharing bikes It's too dangerous.
被动语态遇见情态动词首
A.shouldn't allow to
B.shouldn't allow
先想到"愿形"be,离答案就
C.shouldn't be allowed to D.shouldn't be allowed 不远了!
4.[2020·新疆阜康模拟]The boy thinks he shouldn't what to do becuseshould be done应当被… he is 18 now.
shouldn't be done不应当
A.tell B.rells C.telling D.be told 被
星 初申美语
5.[2020·广西柳州模拟]Although we don't know what was discussed,we can feel the @be careless wish破..4且心 topic
be careful with认真做……
A.has changed B.was changed C.has been changed
be carefulto do小心去做…… 6.[2020·湖北黄冈模拟]-Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you tae carethat./to do sth help him?
小心当… -No problerm!I think he to think twice before starting.
A.should be told B.can tell C.should tell D.can be telling 7.[湖北黄风]一It's difiult for illge children to cross t e river to sc ool.
-1 think a bridge over the river.
A.should be built B. will buld C.is built D. was built be educated to do sth被教
8.[山东青岛]Children should
百去做某事 to be honest from a young nge.


A.cducate B.be educated C.punish D.be punished educate sb to do sth教育某
人去做某睾
9.[山东泰安]-Lily,will you go o enny's birthday party this Saturday? -I'm not sure.Because1 20 far,先根据so far确定时态,再定语态。
A.haven' invited
B. wasn't invited
C.haven't been invited
D,will be invited
研究考题 提分要义
题点/ 判断主语是动作的执行者还是承受者
在解答被动语态题目时首先要判断主语和动作的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则 该句为主动向,如果主后是说他的未爱者,别该向为披回向,依据包子意思做出正的 选择 have a chance to do sth.
有一个做某事的机余 典例[山东泰安]More chances for students to learn from ench other if
provide a chance for sb-为 working in groups.
某人提供一个机会
A.provide B.are provided C.provided D.will provide
[解析]从句意判断句于话morechuccatgrovide的未爱者,应用被动语书,此选
B项
题点 正确判断时态
被动语态离不开时态。考生要牢记各种时态被动句的结构,不能混淆,依据句子中的 时间状语或上下文暗示分析判断句子时态, 典例「天津]Let's wait and see whether books by the Internet in the future.
由by确定用被动语态;由in
A.replace
C.will be replaced D.were replacrd the future确定用将来时态。
B.replaced
[解折]题干中的bopks与rplact也间为被得美系.要离被场语忘.出时间放语 in the future可知,应用一般将来时,故逸C项。
题点3熟记感官动词及使役动词的被动结构
在see,watch,notice.hear.feel等感官动词和make.haver,let等使役动词后面作 宾语补足语的不定式不带to,但是在被动语态中,不定式的to要还原(let没有被动 语态),这是需要特殊记忆的。感官动词及使役动词的被动语态是中考的一个热点。 考生记be made to do结构.就能应对这类试题
典例[甘肃兰州]These roles are made the disabled.
A.protert B.protected C.to protect D.protecting
解析]主动请念中的make,see,watch,hear等后接不定或走当疼补时,需 成 喀不定式符号to,但是在改为被动语态时,不定或符号10需要还原,故选C项)
专题十三 非谓语动词
不定式(to do) 动名词(doing) 学习小贴士非谓语动词顾名思义就是不能作谓话的动词形式。 现在分词(doing)
同学教材 复习重点 分词卡
过去分词(done> t后加原形是肯定,to前加not变否定。
考点34动词不定式 可带宾表、状语等,人称和数都不变妻有"动、名形副"性。
一、动词不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式为:to十动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号, 本身没有词义,动词不定式的否定形式是"not+(to+)动词原形
二、动词不定式的句法功能
1.作主语。动词不定式作主语常后置,用it作形式主语。
It's not casy for us to speak English.对我们来说讲英语不容易
不定式作主语时.常用it代替, 形式主谱,而将真正的主语放在句来。常见句 型有:
=To learn Engish well is wseful for us
(1)h is/was+adj.+for/of sh,+to do sth.
不定式作主话时,活动词用单数形式。
[i's aseful for ws to learn Engish wel]学好英语对我们来说是有用的。
[注意]介哥lot/of的使用取决于其前面的形容词。如果是表示人的品 的形言 词(kind.,good, nice,clever.w'se、 polte等),介词用of.如果美表示事物性质约 形容词(important-neecssary, seful, dangerous等),介词则用for
Ii's very kind of you to help me,你帮助我真是太好了。


It's very imporant for him to play the piano wel.对他未说,弹好钢琴是很重要的。
(2)lt is/wastadj.+to do sth.
It's not easy to pass the exam.通过考试不容易。
(3)It is/was+n,+to do sth.
It's almy pleaswre to do.很乐意做…… It is my pleasure to help you.我很高兴帮助你。
With pleasure to hele you:很高兴帮助你!
(4)ttakes/took b,some time to do sth.
It took me the whole day to clean the house,我花了一整天时间把屋子打扫干净。
2.作表语。多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。 Her work is to elean the office cvery day.
=To cean the officevery day is her work.她的工作是每天打扫办公室。
3.作宾语。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
若在介词作宾话,可用"疑 He wants to play basketball after elass,下课后他想去打篮球, 问词+不定式"结构
[注意]
I'm worried about how to Pass the exam
① 用词不定式件宾语的动词<词组)有:agree(同意),plan(计划 ,w nx想要)。 我担心如何通过考试。
learn(学会).expeet(期).decide(决定),wish(希望)-pretend(饭装)arrange(安 (挣) promise(应) refuse(拒绝).prepere(准备),hope<希盟).begin(开始). 作用动词不定式作宾语补是 would like(想要),mannge(设法).try(努力),forget(忘记),help(帮助)等。 话的动词(短话 They agreed to leave at once,他们同意立即高开。
perswade说服allow允许 You should learn tofinish the work by yourseli.你应该学着往立完成工作。 order命令teach教 ②在find.think 后跟不定式作滨通时、常用it作形式实语.而将真正的宾语放在 ask要求want想要 后面。
inite邀清forbd(禁止 1find it interesting to play chess.我发现下很有娜。 caus 致encowage鼓励 4.作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。 tell告诉warn警告 My mother anked me to learn Englinh well.我妈妈让我学好英语。 advise建议expect期望 would like愿意
[注意]一些使役词和感官词(词组)也用不定式作赛语补足语,这时要省略10. 意啦:变成被动语态时 远些动讨(词组)有一感虑(fe).二听(hear.listen ta),三让(let.make.have),四看 必须加上to我!
(look at,see,watch.notice).半帮助(help)(help用不定式作实补。可省略也可不会
略to)。
5.作定 。在句中  名词、代词等,放在所修仿的词之后说明所修饰词的内容等" 常接不定式作后置定话的名词 Do you have anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?
有Plan.choice.decision.promise.
[注意]
freedom.ability.ambition(野 ①不定式有时起形容词的作用,修饰名词。代词。在中充当定语,不定武作定语时。心、雄心),reason.right(权 它的位置是在它所终饰的名调或代词之后。
利,time.need.anxiety.chance. She is the first to come to the classroom,是第一个未到教室的人。 effort等. 园如果不定式 不及物动词·成者不定式昕 修饰的名词 代 是不定式动作 生的 地点、工具等,不定式后面就应有函要的介词、在纸上.on不能杀。
I need some paper to write on,我需要一些纸写字
不定式所  的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上要省略余 词。
My grandparents had no place to live (in) before liberation.解放前我的祖父母没 有住的地方。


④两个或多个不定式短请表示并列关系时,后面不定式符号可以省略, She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.放告诉这个孩子待在 那里等着直到她回来。
6.作状语。不定式作状语的逻 辑主 与句子主 保持一致,可表原因求目的。 类似用法的词还有 I'm sorry to trouble you(表原因)我很抱歉麻烦你 srprised,disappointed She went tothe library to borrow some iooks.(表目的地去图书馆们了一些书 excited, glad,happy,sad等。
7.疑问词+不定式。
不是式可以和疑问词who,what,which,when,how,wher连用构成不定式短 语,在句中担当主语、宾语,表语等成分。该句型常可与宾语从句互换。
He didn'i know how to answer her.他不知道该怎样回答她, I don't know what to do.=Idon't know what I should do.我不知道应该做什么。 Why not+动词原形为什么
[注意]按英语习惯,疑何词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 不……呢? 开头的省略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带10的不定武。
Why not ask the teacher Why getupsetjust becauseyou gota bad mark?何必因为没有考好就 不开呢? for help?为什么不找老师帮 You look ti ed.Why no tak ea oliday?你一触他容,怎么不 后呢? 忙呢?
8.动词不定式的特殊句型。
《1)o......".……·不能……" The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小面不能照自己。
(2)...eough t...表"…….够…"
He is old cnough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。
(3)Why don't you+动词原彩?=Why not+不带to的不定式?表示"为什
么不……"
Why don's you get her a photo aibum?=Why not get her a photo alhum?为f 么不给她买个相册呢?
《4)had better+(not)+不带to的不定式、表示"鼓好(不)做……."
You'd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。同表达:
(5)Wll you plese十+不带t的不定式?表示"你能…-:°id you please动词)原.形
Will you please close the door?你能把门关上吗? Would you please动词原形?
(6)prefer to do sth, rather than do sth.表示"宁愿做某事面不愿做某事"。
I prele to stay at home rather than go shopping我宁愿待在家里也不愿去购物, 9.不定式作独立成分。
这种不定式独立于句子之外,表示说话者的态度、语气等,又称评论性状语。
To be honest,I don't like him very much.老实说,我不太喜欢他。
增乐趣
Torellyu the truth,wedon':want to hl ye yu.告诉你实话吧,我们不想和你 在一起。
[提分必练]
"制定"
1.[2020·广西北部湾]Now the Chinese government has made laws wild animals.
A.protect B.protects C.to protect D.protected
2.[2020·青海]ACCTV news eporter will come to inteview Wang Lin tomorrow. tell sb (not) to do sth"告诉某人(不要)做某串 Plese tell her
A.not to be late B.not to come C.to watch TV
3.[2020·湖北恩施州]My sister has gone to work in Beijing,not for money,but
不定式to do.作目的状语 herself.
两周",句中动词要用延续性动词。
A.improve B.improved C.to improve


4.[2020·四川达州] Clara,you have J ourney to the West for two weekn.
-Sorry,I wanted to give it back but was made Dazhou on business lasi
make do在被动语态中要加上to.即be
Week.
A.borroweds to leave
B.kepts to leave made to do.
D.borroweds leave
C.kept:leave
5.[2020·重庆模拟]Their parents don't allow thetm in the river becnuse it's
悄悄话: really dangerous.
A.swim B.swimming C.to swim D.swam hope to do sth.希望去做
6.[2020·山东青岛模拟]Larry hopes bis English,so he keeps praeticing it某 every day.
hope不限宾语补是话,但可
A.to solve B.solving C.to improve D.improving 以限实语从句iwish可接宾
7.[2020·四川达州模拟]-Jack,remember off the lights when 话补足语。 your bedroom.
I hope you can come to -OK.I won't forget,Mom.
my Party
A.turning: leaving
B.to turn: leave =I wish you to come to
C.turning: left
D.to turn: leaving my Party
8.[2020·广东模拟 门After long years of war,many people in Syri are homeless, 1 think it imnportant a peaceful world C.to build A.build B.not build D.not to build 9.[2020·江苏扬州 拟 -Mr.Wu h as recommended many books,H ave you decicec first? Yen.The Liele Prince. A.how to read B.which to read C.when to read D.where to read 10.[2020·天津模拟]Harry invited me with him when his parents were out of town.
"情感动词现在完成时"表 B.stayed C.staying D.to stay
A.stay
示对过去发生事情的推测、 11.[2020·山东临沂模拟]I didn't see yo in. You must have been very
讨论或判断。
quiet.
记住感里动词不加"t0"
A.comes B.to come
D.have come
C.come
12.'2020·广东模摸]Formore than once,ourhead teacher a ks us the habit of keeping a diary.
A.develop B.develops C.developing D.to develop try to do sth尽力做某串
13.[四川攀枝花]-Ididn't hear you come in just now
try not to do sth.尽力不做某条 -That't good.We tried any noise. for you were sleeping. try doing sth尝试着做某串
A.not make B.not to make
D,making
C.to make 14.[湖北黄石]Don't throw away the waste paper.It needs so that it can be reused.
A.to destroy B.destroying C.to colleet D.collecting
星推力
15.[山东济宁]The show was so funny that it made everyone again and again.
A.lugh B.laughed C.laughing D.to laugh
考点35动名词及分词
学习小贴士: 不定式作主话与动名词作主
一、动名词
语带可互换,但不定式作主
1.动名词的构成
动名词通常由"动词原形十ing"构成,动名词也有不规则变化形式。 语表示具体的某一次行为


2.动名词的句法功能
或将来的动作,强调动作 动名词具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。同时又保留了动词 本身:动名词作主语所表示 的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。 的动作比较抽象,时间概
(1作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式,有时可用it作币式主语,将用作真正主语的 念不强,强调事情本身,有时
动名词放在句末。
也可用it作形式主话,而把
Smoking is bad for our health.抽烟有害健康, It's interesting playing with children.跟孩子们玩真有趣
不定式后置。
(2)作宾语,常表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。
补充: Ilike playing badmiton withmy friendafter chol.放学后我 欢和我的朋友们 一起打羽毛球。
allow允许
[注意]接动名词作宾语的动词或规语有keep(保持),mind(介意),enjoy(享 qive 呷放弃 受).practise(炼习),consider(总考),sugest(建议),fnish(完成).miss(错过, be busyli子 avoid(避免),keep on(坚持),imagine(想象)等。
feel lie想要 After she finished writing the article,she went for a walk,她写完论文后出去数步了。 Put off推迟
I really enjoy listening to the song,我的确喜欢听这首歌
can't helr禁不住
(3)作表语,多数情况下动名词作表语可转换成作主语,表示主语具有抽象名词特性。 Her hobby is reading novels.
-Reading novels is her hobby.她的业余爱好是看小说。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(百闻不如一见,)
(4)作定语,置于所修饰的词之前,表明所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。 We should improve our teaching method,我们应该改善我们的教学方法。
二、分词
1.分词的分类及构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词通常由"动词原形+-ing"构成,有主 动、进行之意:过去分词通常由"动词原形十ed"构成,有被动,完成之意,注意现在 及物动词的过去分词作实 分词和过去分词也有不规则变化形式。
语表示被动、完成;不及物
2.分词的句法功能
(1作 语现在分间作定语时,其可载主语为它所像谢的词:过去分间作定语,其逻初洞的过去分词作宾话只 表示完成。 辑宾语是它修饰的词"被叫做…·的"表被动意义。 Do you know the girl standing there?你认识站在那儿的那个女孩吗? Do you know a girl called Linda?你认识一个叫琳达的女孩吗? (2)仡执语,分词的逻辑主语是句子的主话,分词可在句字作时问、原风结果、条件、方式感伴随扰% The students went out of the classroom after class, talking and laughing.课后学
生们读笑着走出了教室。 分间前可加上iwhenwhie althoush等迷 While crorsing the strecer.e was "'eTmiheh l .ecvrslo aorebcanii.   产币美'nockeo lovn  a r 跨时
(3)作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征:过去分词表示主语处于某种状态。他被车撞了。 The situation is encouraging.形势令人舞
The boy is too excited to say a word.男孩激动得说不出话来, (4)作宾语补足语,分词在感官动词及使役动词后与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作 语补足语。
I heard her singing in the room just now.我刚才听到她在房间里唱歌。
have sth done使某事被做,表 He'll have his car repaired tomorrow.他明天将去修理他的车。 示动作由他人完成。
增乐趣
3.现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)分词作表语时相当于一个形容词.现在分词作表语表示主动概念,过去分词作表语 则表示被动概念
Do you think the film is very interesting?你认为这部电影很有趣吗?
They were verymoved after hey sw theflm.他们看完电  很受感动.


(2)单个分词作 语时 该放在名词前,也相当于一个形容词。这时现在分词表示一 个正在进行的动作,而过去分词往往表示一个完成了的动作。
China s a deve loping country and America is a devcloped ountry.中国是一个发
展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
(3)分词可以作宾语补是语,这时现在分词所表达的动作和谓语动词同时发生,过去分 词所指的动作和宾语存在被动关系。
I heard them singing songs in the classroom.我听到他们正在教室里唱歌。
IwilhvemyTVsetrepaired tomorrow.明天我要找人 一下我的电视机.
He spoke slowly in arder to make himseli understood,他讲得慢为了使自己被
理解。
[注意]
(1)huaye ab,do nth.have mb./sth. doing wth.与have ath,done用法井析
①have sb.do sth.意为"让某人做某事",表示一次性的其体动作,且调动作已完成 或尚未发生:
②avcb./sth.doingsth.意为"让某人/称一直微某事hve可以用keep代 ,现 在分词表示动作的延续和进行:
(③have sh.done意为艹使某事披",表示动作由他人完成·含装动意义耳强调动作 已经完成。 The boss h s them work for 3hours a day.老板要他们一天工作13个小时。 You'd better have your car running slowly.你最好把车开慢点。 We had the machine menced just now.我们#才请人把机 你好了, 学习小贴士 (2)动词接不定式及动名词用法辨析
即能接不定式又可接动名词 有些动词后边既跟doing也跟to do,但意义不同。 的动词 ①stop doing sth.停止做某事
一旦开始莫后悔(bein.start. stop to do sth.停止、中新做某事后去做另一件事 regret)
爱惯分时要切记like.love. ②)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做) hate.remember.forget), forget to do sth,忘记要去做某事(事情没做)
继续努力有打算contrue.try. ③remember doing sth,记得做过某事(事情已佩) meann remember to do sth.记着去营某事(事情设)
三个需要更喜欢ineedwant. ①try doing sth.尝试着去做某事 reqwire.prefer.
try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
⑤go on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情
go on to do sth.张完一件事,接着去做另外一件事 allow doing sth.允许做某事
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
rcgret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做) regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
8mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算,想做某本
need doing=need to be done需要被做
need to do需要去做
[提分必练]
warn sb.to do sth"告诫某人做某事"
1.[2020·四川攀枝花]The doctor warns Jack stop because it is bad for his health
used to do sth"过去降做某事"
A.to: smoking B.not: to smoke C.to:to smoke D.not to: smoking
2.[2020·湖南益阳]Diana used to to work,but now she is used to
becauce the road is srowded and she wants to keep t,.beunced to doing sth,习惯于做某事
A.drive:walk B.driver walking C.driving walk
3.[2020·云南]Wang Lei is looking forward to the best high school in Septem ber. Look forward to doing sth"期待做某事
A.refusing B. playing C.reading D.entering


4.[2020·江苏镇江]A lot of museums in China nre worth If you have
be worth doing sth"值得做某 time.you can choose to go.
A.visited B.visiting C.to visit D.visit
5.[2020·江苏南京模拟]Some people enjoy out their messagen in bottlen
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某 when they travel on the sea.
B.send
A.to send
C.sending D.sent
6.[2020·四川内江模拟]Mr.Black,you are becoming healthier and healthier.Plcase keep on doing sth保持做某事 keep on
A.ran B.to run C.runs D.running
7.[2020·江苏泰州模拟]Amuzing Chinu(厉害了,我的国》)wins high praise from the publir.I think the documentary is well worth
A.warch B.to watch C.watching D.watched
8.[2020·湖北亲阳模拟]The sraffic is teily busy in the morning. You'd better avoid in the center of the city.
A.drive B.driving C.to drive D.driven
9.[2020·贵州安颗模拟]-Tom.have you ever read the book A Tule ofTwo Cities by Charles Diken?标志词,前用过去分词作定话,表示被动意义。
Yen, I finished reading it last winter vacation.
D.written
A.wrote B.to write C.writing
about是介词,后接名词或
10.[2020·青海西宁模拟]I hope everyone can care about tbe environment
动名词 and stop things, A.protecting: wasting
B.protectings to wante
C.protect: wasting
D.protect: to waste
11.[湖南长沙]Why not an Eaglish club tofpractice Eaglish practice doing sth级.可做某事
A.to join to speak B.join  speaking C.joins to speak D.to joini speaking in the countryside is n wonderful 12.[湖北孝感]When you are tired.
→作"经历;体验"讲时是可数名词作 expericnice.
Drelaxes"经验"讲时是不可数名词。
A.relaxing B.relaxed C.relax也可以用me 13.[湖北襄阳]-It's too hot. Would you mind my the window?
mind doing sth介意做某事 .Do it as you like.please. B.openin: Cerainly or mind sb don/on's doinsth意某
A.to open: OK
人做某事
D.open:Good iden
C.openings Of course
星推荐 一本料 机中英
"would rather+动词原形+
14.[江苏徐州]-Driving less,walking more is good for our health
thart动词原形"意为吃起 an hour's walk to work than consider a caT -So I'd rather
故.…更愿意做……
D.taking: driving
A.take:drive B.take; to drive C.take; driving
consider doing考虑做…… consiader.to belas认为·…
研究考题 提分要义
题点 辨别谓语与非请语


先看四个答案,如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那 么这个多半是非谓错动问题.dowhatwe c ntodosth吻故尽全力做某,t s你间的我话 典例1[2020-黑龙江龙东]We should do what we can those people when they are in trouble.
A.to help B.helped C.heip
[解析]句意:当人们有困难的时候,我们应该尽我们所能去帮助他们。考查非谱 动词,t help动词不建式:h led动词的过去 过去分词;heip动词原形,根 据题干可知此处用do what one can to do ath.表示"竭尽全力做某事",此处用动词 不定式to help作日的状语。放选A项, 典 2[湖北鄂州]一Hi,Mr,Zhang,do you often come here to climb the mountain?
Yes. exercise. You see, I'm healthier than before
C.get D.gets
A.to get B.getting
[解析]此处不定式作状语来表示爬山的目的,故选A项。
本句实际是省略回答,完整回答是Yes,1often come here to climb the 题点2 熟记习惯搭配 mountain to get exercise.
学习非谓语动 时,要记住哪些动词后面用动间不定式, 些动词后用动名词,同时也 要熟记使用非语动词的靠用句型.这样遇到有关问题就会逆出面
典例1[2020·湖北黄石]He spent two hour his mother with housework
spend time in) doing sth"花费时间做某事" last Sunday.
A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help
[解析]向意:上个星期天他花了两个小时时间帮码妈做家务,考查非谓语动词。 spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配,意为"花费时间做某事",故help应用动名词 形式,故逸A项。
做某事有困难: 典例2[江苏泰州]-Mr.Ling,I have some difficulty the article. have diffecnty in doing sth Remember it three or four times at lcast, have trouble tin doing sth have problems in doing sth
A.to understand; reading B.understanding: reading
注意:短话中的diffcuty和trouble
C.understanding: to read D.to understand; to read
[解析]have dificaly(in) doing sth.意为"做某事有困难",排除A、D两项;又四用作不可数名词嗅 为remember to do sth,意为"记得去做某事",表示该事情还未做,故选C项。
Dr ERBUFEN 第二部分
句法知识
学习小贴士: 简单句是只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓话(或并列;语)的句子。
简单句
(按话气划分)
陈述句①肯定句②否定句 疑问句@一般疑问句@特殊疑问句②选择疑问句意疑问句 新使句0肯定形式回否定形式 感叹句: What引导@How引寻
专题十四 简单句 同学教材 复习重点
考点36陈述句及疑问句
一、陈述句
陈述句用于陈述一件事情或表达一种看法,它包括肯定式和否定式两种,在肯定常见的否定词有 结构中,谓语动词不含否定词:否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not、 few,ittle,harl,arely, 除了not外,其他否定词(如no.hardly.never等)也可构成否定句。 seldom,barely,scarcely等 肯定式结构:主语+谓语+其他.
否定式结构:主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词+not+谓语+其他
H 她ften helepsohers.他经常要盼他人,即动词do.coes.ci女后,请 适动间变为愿形么。
Man can': live without water.没有水人类不能生存。
Jim isn' playing football now.吉姆现在没有在踢足球, She is pot a teacher,她不是一名教师
二、疑问句
英语中的疑间句主要有四种,即一般疑问句、特殊疑间句,选择疑问句、反意疑 向句。
yest边始终用肯定形式,简略回答时,b动词不能跟主话缩写。
1.一般疑问句


般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实,需要对方给子肯定(yes)或否定 (no)回答,读时用升调,no边始终跟否定形式。
Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?,不能用痛略形式。
Yen,1am./No.I'm not.是的,我是。/不,我不是。
[注意]
在拒绝邀清明,一般不直
(1 一投疑问 通常用什么词提 ,就用什么词回答,但以下情况持殊珠, 疼说no,而是要先表示感 ①用其他词代替yes或no来回答,从而使语气变得客气,委婉。 谢或用委婉话气拒绝,再 -Can you come and go to the park with me?你能与我一起去公园吗? I'm afraid not.l have a lot of work to do.恐怕不行,我还有很多工作要做。 讲明原因。 留舌定的一般疑问向通常是以b动词,情志动词成 动词加not的螳 形式开头、 悄情话 往往表示惊讶,赞叹怀疑等语气。财否定的一般抚问句作简略回等时也厢yes或 no.但其汉语翻译与其字面意恶正好相反。 否定疑问句个性强,莫汉 一Don't you hear of that了体难道没有听说过都件 吗?(表示惊讶) 答话不一样 -Yes.l do./No.l donL不,我听说过,/是的、我没有听说过。
回答no.意为"是",回答yes。
(2)肯定的陈述句变为否定陈速句时,有些词要作相应变化。如需要将愿句中的 "为"不" ome 为any: 100改为eitheri already改为yet等。
只要记此规律,翻泽不会 出错误。 109
星推荐 本余书初中英语
2.特殊疑问句构成:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主话谓话+其他?
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。一般用降调,其回答不用yes或no。特
殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
(1)疑问代词,可以对主语,表语、宾语提间,有what(对"事物"提问),who(对"人"
问).whichc哪一个),w-ose(谁的),whom(对六"谁  问)。
一W om(Wo)did you meet in the stree! yleste d y?昨天你在街上遇见了谁?
-My classatc.我的同学,当人在此作宾语,可以用Who或Wham, 作主话时只能用Who
(2)疑问副词:用于对状语提间,有when(何时).where(何地),why(为什么)和how (怎么样)等。
注意哦否定的特殊疑问
-Where are you from?你来自哪里? 甸一般有劝告、建议、责备 -I'm from China.我来自中国。
等的意味,如:Why don't
(3)疑间词组:有how many/much(多少),how old(多大年纪),how soon(多快:多久 you go to the z00=Why 以后),how long(多长).how r(多远),how offen(多久一次)等
not go to the zoo?为什么 -Howlonghave you lived in the eity?你在这个城市住了多久? 不去动物圆呢? Five years.五年,选择疑问句真奇妙,一般问句加上ori
3.选择疑问句 or的前后要对称,前升后降是话调。
提出两种成两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种进行回答的疑问句叫选择疑间句。
选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,其回答不能用yes或no,而是就其
选择内容直接回答.往往是一个完整的句子或其省略形式,其语要一般是前升后降, 可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。
(1)一般选择疑问句:一般疑向句十or十被选择的成分?
-Will you go to Paris this year or next year?你是今年还是明年去巴黎?
-I'll go there next year,我将在明年去。
(2)特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑间句十被选择的成分(A)+or+被选择的 分(B)?
Whi i igger,Loa on or washington?伦敦和华威顿耶一个更大一?
一London is.伦敦更大一些。
4.反意疑问句故又叫附加疑问句。
反疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对隙述句所说的事实或观点提出疑间的句子,反意 疑问句一般遵循"前肯后否,前否后肯"的原则。附加问句的主语要用代词,并与陈 述部分主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致.当队迷部分 含有特殊主语或表示否定意义的词时,附加问句部分需要根据具体情况而定。


(1)陈述句部分的主语是不定代词no one,no ody,everyone,omtone,cvcry ody. somebody,none等时,其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they.强调个体可以用he, No one phonedmewhilelwus out.did they?我不在时没人打电话找我,是吧? Someone is expecting you,isn't he?有人在等你,是不是?
(2)陈述句的主语是everything,anything,something,nothing时,附加问句的主语 用it。
Everything goes well with you,doesn't it?你一切顺利,是吧?
(3)当陈述句的主语是指示代词时,其后的咐加问句的主语要用相应的人称 ,即 this或that后用is,these或those后用they。
T过atwasahundred years ago,wasn' itg那是发生在100年前,是不是?
Those are yours.aren't they?那些是你的,是不是?
(4)陈述部分是"Therebc~结构时,附加问句部分用"be(not)there"
There is a tree in front of your house,isn't there?你的房子前面有一棵树,是吗?
(5)陈述部分含有never,fw,litele, nothing,nobody,no,hardly.none等表示否他 意义的词时,附加向句部分用青定形式,但是若陈述部分含有否定前 的词,如 悄悄话: u happy-impossible.dislike等.应把陈述句看作肯定句.附加问句部分用否定 这一点要注意噢! 形式:没有几个
He has few riends here, does he?在这里他的朋友不多,是吗?(前否后情) You disike playing the piano, don'i you?你不喜欢弹钢琴,是吗?(前肯后否)
(6)以Lets开头的祈使句,反意疑间部分应用shll we:以Let us开头的祈使句,反意 疑间部分应用will you,包括对方在内。
Let'sgo to the park,shall we?让我们去公园,好吗?
Le us help you,will you?让我们来帮你,好吗?不包括对方。
(7)陈述句部分若为主从复合句,反意疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。
She sid she would come tomorrow,didn't she?触说他明天会来,是吗?
[注意]若主句的主语是第一人称/we.其请语动词又是t}ink.sppose,expect believe,imagine等,则反意疑同部分的主语一般应与从句一致。(应特别注意否定 的转移)
lhinkhe s  ood student, i n't h: 我认为您是一个好学生,是吗?
We don't think you areright are you?我们认为你不对,不是吗?
否定转移,实际上否定的是从匈噢 [提分必练] 叽乎不",否定词,用于反意疑问句中时其附加问句部分用肯定形式。 1.[2020·四川遂宁]Tom hardly eats breakfast.
A.isn't he B.is he C.doesn't he D.does he
"几乎没有",否定词,无边附加间
2.[2020·黑龙江绥化]Bob has few friends in his new school, 甸用肯定形式。
A.hasn't be B.does he"听说"Cdoesn't he
3.[2020·湖北鄂州]-She's never heard of Abing, she?
.She said that his piece, Ergwan Yingyue was her favorite music.
A.ins Yes,nhe in
B.hans Yes,he has
C.hasn't: No.she hasn't D.isn't: No.she isn't
4.[2020·四川达州] is your school from your home, Gina?
Oaly ren minutes' walk.小心"陷解",此处不是"时间"是"路程"。
A.How long B.How far C.How many D.How soon
5.[2020·青海]What a fine day! Let's go for a pienic, Let's开天的新便句,疑问部分用shall we Sounds like a good idea, A.shall we B.don't we C.can we


6.[2020·山东莱芜模拟] have you talked with your friends on WeChat? ,表示一段时间的状语用How Since I finished my homework.
long提问
A.How far B.How often C.How soon D.How iong
7.[2020·黑龙江龙东模拟]People in the past could hardly at freh vegetables in hardly几乎不,表否定,后边
"附加问句用肯定形式。
winter.
A.could they B.couldn't they C.could people
8.[2020·贵州黔南州模拟] Summy ate nothing for hreakiast this morning
notthing就是"没东西"呀 -No,because she had a stomachache.
D.did sbe
A.isn't she B.wis she C.didn't she
9.[湖北武汉]一 will you be away?
此处"int一段时间"表示"多久之后"所 -In a couple of week
以用how soon(多久后)提问。
A.What time B.How soon C.How often D.How long
do you like Huo Zun's Roll od Bed ara((帘)?that引导定话从句,修饰
10.[山东东营]
Very mach. You know 1 love song h both have great lyrics and beautful先行词songs,先行词是复 music.非常,表示程度,用how提问。
数,定话从句中的滑洁动词
A. Why B.How C.When D.Wbat 也用复数形式。 考点37祈使句及感叹句
、折使句
折使句是表示请求、命令、让议成劝告的句 .主语通常被省略.调语动 用原瑟 句尾用句号或感叹号
祈使句记忆口诀 祈便句,无主话,动词开关就可以,
1.祈使句的结构
表示清求或命令,加上please表客气。
(1)肯定的祈使句:以动词原形开头(包括be动词)
要想变成否定句,Don't开关别忘、记 Put away your things.把你的东西收起来。
Let's have another try.让我们再试试。
Be quiet,piease!请安静!
(2)否定的祈使句
否定的祈使句有两种:
①Don't动词原形./Never十动词原形。
Don't let him go out,不要让他出去, Please don't be noisy!请不要大声喧哗!
Never answer the phone while driving!决不要在开车时接电话! ②Lets+not十动词原形.
Let's not stay here,It's too cold.我们不要待在这儿,这儿太冷了。
2.祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
(1)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do,表示"务必,一定"。
Do stop talking!请停止讲话!
(2)有时为了表示委 语气,可在句首或句尾加上please.但please加在句是时要用逗 号隔开。
Please sit down.=Sit down,please,请坐。
(3)在意思较为明显的情况下,可把谓语动词省去, This way,please.请这边走。
(4)某些名词、形容词或词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。
迷记诀 Hands up!请举手!
感叹句,并不难
二、感叹句
what或how放句前
感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。用what和how引导, 强调名词用what.
what和how 所修饰的词放在其后,其他部分用陈述句语序,在口语中主语和谓语 其合用how很简单。 常省略,句末用感叹号,朗读时用降调, 主调话序不可变, 省略主谓也带见。
1.what引导的感叹句
还有一点要注意。 用于感叹句中的名词,即中心词为名词,what作定语修饰名词,名词前可有其他修 名词的数要分辨。
饰语。其结构为:
(1)What十a/an十形容词十可数名词单数(十主语+谓语)! What a fine day (it is)!多么好的天气啊!
what修饰的中心间都是名词。
(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数(十主语+谓语)! What big apples these are!这些是多么大的苹果呀!
(3)What+形容词+不可数名词(十主语+谓语)! What fine weather(it is)!多好的天气啊!
2.how引导的感叹句
用于感叹句中的形容词或副词.即中心词为形容词或副词。


(1)How十形容词或副词(十主语+谓语)!
how修的中心词是形容词或副词 How tall the girl is!那个女孩多高啊! How slowiy he walks1他走得直慢啊!
(2)How+主语+谓语!
(Howf面省略了别词fast) How time flies!时间过得真快呀!
[提分必练]
1.[2020·山东东营]-We will be a2.5-day wekend s exciting news! We can hang out on Friday afternoons.
名词短话,用what导感叹句。
D.What an
A.How B. What C.How an hot weather it is!Why not have a cold drink
2.[2020·四川遂宁]
what+形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词+主谓!
Sounds good! Let's go.
C.How D.How a
A.What B.What a walk on the grass
3.[2020·黑龙江绥化 C.Not A.Doesn't B.Don't 4.[2020·湖北威宁]-My aim is to go to Wuhan Diersiy for furtber sudty"祈便句,and/or述句,强调
新使句表示的事情做到了,后面 Work hard. you can make it. 的句子表示结果,用and.
C.and D.unless
A.if B.so
5.[2020-贵州黔东南州]Chinese goverament has successfulystopped he virus from spreading in China,"骄傲的,形容词,用how来引导感叹句
proud we Chinese feel!
D. What ji
A.How B.Howa C.What
prove to be+adi.证明是·的 6.[2020·上海模拟]The self driving plane proves to be useful in many ways。
smart invention it is!
D.How
B.What a C. What an
A.What convenient it is to live in China!
7.[2020·山东滨州模拟]-Yes,we've got WeChat,shared bikes.Alipay.ete.
C.How a D.How
A.What a B.What
形容词后有可数名词,并且形容词的 amazing coeriLi Yundi gave in Lini!音元音音素开天,用What an
8.[2020·山东临沂模拟]
D.What
A.How an B.How C.What an
研究考题 提分要义
题点 通过固定句型判断答案
简单句的基本句型各有特色,例如;反意疑问句由"陈述句+简单粥加问句"构 : 叹 句由wh t或how引导:祈使句以动 原彩开头等,考生要熟记简单句的各种句型、 积累一些经典句型。根据句型特点解答有关试题。
典例1[云南] useful robot It can bel i ih howo i h n
抓信关键标志""说明是感叹句嗅! servant.
A.How B.What an C.How a D. What a
[解析]句意:多么实用的一个机器人啊!它能像人类的仆人一样帮助我们做家 务。感呗句的中心词为单数可数名个robot.且useful的让音以音音素开头.故用
Whata引导。故速D项。
典例2[2020·黑龙江哈尔滨] wonderful the music is!
形容词后无名词中心词是形容词,用how到导感叹句 -Yes.It makes me relaxed after a buny day. "Howtadj/adv+主语+;话"。
A.How B.What a C.How a
[解析]句意:--多好听的音乐啊! 是的,忙碌一天后,它使我放松,考查 感叹向。分 句于可知本向是感叹句,h调的中必 是形容词wonderful.应为 "How+形容词十主语+谓语!"句型。故选A项
题点 通过语境判断答案
解题过程中,考生要正确理 句意,根据语 ,将答案带人题干.然后做出正确选择 典例1[广东]Tommy. play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car.


A.do B.don't C.must D.mustn't 否定祈便句 [解析]由后句"You may get hit by n car,"可判新上一句是告涌来下次不要在 Don't believeit不要相信它。 后上打篮了,要用否定动折使句形式。在祈使向中,否定句以donit开头,选 Don't be late again next B项。
time下次不要再迟到了。
典例2[2020·江苏淮安]-Mike, do you have a health examination? Oncea year."一年一次",可知询问的是频率
A.how long B.how many C.how much D.how often
[解析]句意:-迈克,你多久去败一次健康检查? 一年一次,考查特殊疑 问句.howlony多长时间:howmany多必,后接可 恋我复数:howmuch多少,后 接不可数名词:how often多久一次,根据"Cnce a year,"可知此处询问的是频率, 用how often表示"多久一次"。故选D项。
专题十五
并列句和复合句
同学教材 复习重点
简单句只有一个主调结构的句子 并列句简单句+并列连词简单句 英语句子 学习小贴士
宾语风句 (接结构划分) 考点38并列句
复合句主句从句 状语从句
1.并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中各简单句的地位同等重 定话从句 要,相互之间是平行并列的关系。 按照性质,连词分为两大类:并列连词和从属连词。
2.构成:简单句+并列连+简单句。 ,并列连词连接并列问,从属还词用来引导从句。
3.常见的并列连词。
(1)表示承、并列,递进关系的并列连词:and意为"和":both..an....为"……
有时yet与and.but连用,构 和……-者都4 wel1a意为"也 inot only..but a) -.息为"不假-成and yet.but yet,均表示 且……..ether...n.r..意为"既不……也不……"
"然而"
His father is a worker and his mother is a doctor. 父亲是工人-他母亲是医生。
(2)表示转折或对比关系的并列连词:but意为"但是" yet意为"然而";whie意
为"而"。
Ilike this book very much but Li Jun isn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这本书,但 failure n失败 是李军却对它不感兴趣。
failv.失败
(3)表示选择关系的并列连词:or意为"或者":iher...o...为"或者……·成者……" Failure is the mother o Either you'll succeed,or you'll learn from yout failure.要么你会成功,要么你要从 9SuccesS5失败是成功之母 失败中学到东西。作并列连词时,连接的分句不能放在句靠
(4)表示因果关系的并列连词:5意为"因竟:所以"fir意为"因为',,因答wy提问的问题只能用ecawce We have seen this lm before,sowe won'Igo to see it today,我们以前看过这等 电影,所以今天我们就不去看了。
4."祈使句+and/or+简单句"是一个固定句型,此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一 个i引导的条件状语从句。or表示"否则"。
记住下列不可数名词 Study hard,and you can make progress
progress.furnitwre(家具)。 -I you study hard, you'!l make progtess:努力学习,你就会取得进步 information.news.advice.knowledge. Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Luggage(行李egwipment(设备)等。 =If you don't hurry up,you'll be tate,快点,否则你就会迟到。
5.and和or用于否定句中。
(1当列举成分是主语,又在否定词前时,用and连接.而当列举或分在否定问之后时, 用or构成完全否定。 Lucy and Lily can't spenk Chinese.西和都不会说汉语。 I can' sing or dance.我既不会唱歌,也不会跳舞 (2)在否定句中.如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and不用or连接.
There is no wnter and no nir on the moon.月球上既没有水,也没有空气。
[提分必练]There is no water or air onthe moom


1.[2020·贵州黔东南州] Jane her brother is going to the movicn 两个人只能一个人去看吧 this weekend. One of them has to stay at home to look after their sick mother. 影两者中任一个,用either, A.Neither:nor
B.Either:or
C.Both: and
D.Not only:but also
增乐趣
痴迷对.…疯狂
2 . 2020·四川攀枝花]-My parenisare crazy about Rwnning Man,How about your
→=take interest in"对.…….感兴趣" parents? my dad my mom like it.They are interested in The Voic
小心这个"",不用60th.and. of Chins.
B.Both: and
A.Not only:but also
C.Either: or
D.Neit her: nor
3.[2020·湖北黄冈]-Which do you prefer,tea or coffee
coffeere my favorite"'表示两者都喜欢。 -Either. tea
A.Not only: but also
B.Both:and
C.Neitber: nor
D.Either: or 给你一个大的惊喜
4.[2020·江苏徐州]Give me a chance, I will give you a wonderful surprise.
A.or B.and C,but D.so none of+复数名词,表示"许
5.[2020·黑龙江绥化模拟]Work hard, you'll catch up with your 多当中没有一个",是all of..的 clasmates next ime.两个句子是并列关系,用and连接。
全部否定,作话时,后边的 A.and B.or C.but
谓语动词用单数或复数都
6.[2020·山东青岛模拟]l:is raining heavily, none of the students are late 可以 for school.
此处也可用is.
D.beeaune
A.although B.but C.AO 7.[2020·湖北襄阳模拟]-Be quick. we'll fait to carct he choo busfail to do没能做……… -Don't worry.lt's only seven o'clock now,We still have enough time. 失败
A.and B.but C.or D.so 8.[2020·天津模拟]lt's not always safe o pay over the Internet. you
over表示" … should be careful.
A.so R.after C.becnuse D.as soon as 9.[2020·江西模拟]We must get back to work. we won't finish everything
A.and B.but C.s0 D.of 10.[江苏泰州]it's too late to invite aty more people. you knw how Torm hates parties
A.Besides B.However C.Seill D.Instend
考点39宾语从句 宾语从句的连接词that连接际述句,省与不省没关系,一般疑问
表"是否"fwhether来引导特殊问句作实话,原疑问词可以。 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句
1.引导词及其作用
四种连词须牢记,切英丢东又忘西,


[四种连词须牢记,切英丢东又忘西,
但是若宾语从句中有两个或 两个以上that引导的实话 从句第二个that不省略,]

that 本身无意义,只起连接作 用,口语中可省略 He said(that) Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。

what, which. who. whose,whom 在从句中作一定的成分, 如主语、宾语、定语等 不能省略 I don't know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算 干什么。

"引导词":"when(表时间),where (表地点),why(表原 因),how(表方式)等"
"作用":"在从句中作状语 不能省略"
"例句":"Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来 自哪里吗?"
"但是若 两个以。 从句第":"悄悄 只用whe ①引导个"

"引导词":"if/whether"
"作用":"意为"是否",不作句子成 分,但不能省略"
"例句":"He asked me if Miss Wei was a teacher.他问我魏小姐是否 是一名教师。"
"但是若 两个以。 从句第":"⑤与or n ③与不定 ④在句首 ⑤用if人"
但是若宾语从句中有两个或 两个以上that引导的实话 从句第二个that不省略,
只用whether不用的情况 ①引导介词后的宾语从句 ⑤与or not连用时 ③与不定式连用时
⑤用余产生歧义时
2.语序
在含有宾语从句的复适句中,不管充当 语从句的句子原来是什么语序,构成 语 从句时一定要用陈述语序。陈述话序
I don't know where she comes from.我不知道她来自哪里。
3.宾语从句的时态
(1)如果主句是现在或将米的时态包括一般现在时现在进行时、现在完成时.一般将 来时),从句的时态可以根据实际情况面定。
comld you tell me+宾语从句 Could不豪示过去时而是委 1 know she lives here.我知道她住在这里, 媲的话气,看边不用过去时态。
Iknowshelied here five years ago.我知道她五年前住在这里, (2)如果主句是过去的时态(包括-般过去时,过去进行时),从句往往使用应的过去 的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)。 ①当实语从句的主语和主句的主 She asked me if I had turned off the lighr,问我是否把灯关上了。 语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 They said they were playing games at this time yesterday.他们说昨天这个时候他hore.wish.decide.agreechoose常 时,从句可简化为不定式结构,如 们在玩游戏。
I hore that I can receive your
(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客现真理或事实,无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句都应使用g-mail
般现在时。
=1 hore to receive your e-mal 我希望能收到你的电子邮件。 The !eac er tald  that the eartih moves around thesun.老师告诉我们地球围着 @当实语从句的主语和主句的主 太阳转
话相同,且主句的谓话动词是 know.remember.forget.learn [注意]
时,从句可简化为"疑问词+不定 ①如果一句话中宾语从句很长,那么可以用i作为形式实语,以免句子头重脚轻。 式结构如:
She doesn't know what she He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English,很明确地说他更喜欢 should do next=she doesn t 学习英语。
know what to do next 她不知道下一步该做什么。 ②在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人 , 逼动词是think.believe,suppose 华时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的调语动词用舌变形式,而从句约
请语动词用肯定形式。
变反意疑问句也要小心饭反 I don' think he can swim.我认为他不会游泳。
意疑问句的主话和助动词 (否定转科,实则否定从句)
要跟宾话从句的主话和助
[提分必练]
动词一致。
I don't think he can swim, 1.[2020·四川成都]-Did you notice in his office? can he? -Ye, he was going ower our homework.


我认为他不会满泳,是吗?
A.what Mr.Li was doing B.how was Mr, Li doing 宾话从匈用际述句语序
D.what Mr. Li is doing
C.how Mr.Li was doing
2.[2020·新疆]-What did the shopkeeper say to you?
"主过从必过"的时态原刚 -She asked me
B.where did I see the syle
A.when does the shop dose
D.what else I will buy
C.if I preferred that orange dress
3.[2020·山西]--InMay.President Xi Jinping spoke highly of the great changes of the Fenhe River in Taiyuan, I wonder
>PLay a part in doing"在做…方面发挥作用" Everyone should play a part in making it cleaner and clearer.
A. which places be visited B.how we can protect the river
C.why such changes have taken plac
星推荐 初中英语
4.[2020·吉林模拟]-Excuse me.Iwonder the plane can land on time. Wait a minutr. please, let me check i our,动词组中,代词放中间
A.if B.which C.that
5.[2020-广东模拟]--Could you tell me you'd like me to pay you? You'd better use mobile payment. I don't cate it in Alipay or WeChat Pay.
A.how: whether B.hows why C.what: whether D. what : why
.2020·山西模拟]-Siritstrue that eing happy is an biliy. Socanyou telli
me
-Yes. Just as resieent Xisays"Hapaness _s leved trougth hard work."幸福都是奋斗出来的"
A.how we can find happiness B.who can help achieve happiness
C.why happiness is so important to us
7.[2020·江苏南京模报]Which o h folovng ntee s  bhi AHis er ald i  eb)
B.On Mars you might see people who wear specil bos,定语从句)
C.Mr. Green tels s hat we'd bete se he lare prperls,实语从句)
D.Our life has inproved because the enviromen is geti ber,(原因状语从句)
8.[2020·辽宁盘锦模拟]Which of the following sentences is correet? 判断宾语从句正误三要素
引导词时态心语序 A.Many people wonder where has time gone.
B.Alice asked me what I do for waste sorting(垃圾分类)。
C.Could you tell me how far was it from here to your school? D.I don'i know whether he will be hack in a week.
9.[2020·天津模拟]Mr.Jackson hasn't decided this weekcnd.
A.where he will have a picnic Bwhere will he have a picnic
C.where he had a picnic
D.where did he have a pienic
10.[2020·河南模拟]-What did Tom say to you just now,John?
He asked
主句时态要看清,排除干扰更轻松句是过去时态,从句用 相应的过去时(客观事实除外)
A.why I am so happy today


B.what will I do for the weekend
C.who did I play football with after school
D.if I could go to the movie with him tonight
考点40状语从句
状语从句在主从复合句中作状语,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位 于句末时,其前不用逗号,根据它们表达含义的不同,状迹从句可以分为时间状语从 句.地点状语从句、条件 语从句、让步状语从句,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,比较 beforesince引导时间状语从句的空:DIt will not) ber一段 状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句等。
时间+before..其肯定句意为"多长时间为才"…"否定句意为用不了
1.时间状语从句
多长时间就……"
@It is/has beent一段时间+since. 引导词(维)有when,a,while.after.before, soon as,till.until等 表示"从……·参长时间了"。 118
初中英诉
(1)when,while.as的用法从句中活动词只能用延续性动词 when还可用作并列连词表
示某个动作正在(要)发生时, when引导的从句.表示主句f从句的动作同时发生或队句的动作先干主句的动作 另一个动作我生了,此时when 发生:while引导的从句表示"当.…颗整中"主从句谓语动词所表示的动作在同 意为"这时? 一时间发生ax引导时间状语从句时可以表示"正当:一边……--.……随看 I was doing my homework 等意思,非延续性动词用when引导 when the telephone rang When he opened the door,he saw the bird.当他打开门时,他看到了这只鸟。 我正在写作业,这时候电话 He was watching TV while she was cooking.她做饭时,他在看电视 啊了。 She sang as sho went along.她边走边明,两个动作同时在发生用while I was about to leave home when the telephone
(2)before.after的用法 rang before表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前:after则表示主句的动作发生在从
我正要离开家,这时候电话 句的动作之后。
响了。 Before he reached the station,the train had gone,他赶到车站之前,火车已经开
走了,从句动作后发生 主句动作先发生
After they had tiishe the wouk.thy went home.他们完成工作之后就回家了 nct unti导的人句置于句
(3)until/讲ll的用法
前时,主句应用部分倒装。 until/till引导的时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,主句用肯定形 Not until all the fish in 式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止:若主句的谓语 the river had died,did 他问是越 性动词,用否定形式表示主甸的动做 unti所表示的时间才发生, the farmers realize how 构成not..ni结构,有时不用not. 用其  neve, othing等表否 意义 serious the pollution was
的词,主句的谓话是延续性动词用肯定句
直到河里的鱼都死了,农民 You may stay here until the rain stop.,你可以在这里持到雨停, 们才意识到污染的平重性。 He didn' get up snti his mother enlled him.直到他妈妈叫他. 才起床。
(4)since的用法主句的;胃话是短暂性动词用否定句
sinee引导的时间状语从句,表示"自……-以来",主句用一般现在时或现在完成时, 从句用一般过去时,结构为,I:hasbem.xinie十从句/Ii...s.snc十从句
ltisten years since[hegan to studyEnglish,我学英语10年了, 悄悄话 (5)as soon as的用法
1 00a导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作就将发生,意为题情况下,时间和条件状
话从句遵循"主将从现" 就……,该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。
原则。 As soon as the rain stops,we will go home.雨一停我们就回家
2.条件状语从句


引导词有计f,a sno-1ng撕,unles等,在条件状话从句中,主句为从句的时态也酒 循"主将从现"的原则。
Tomorrow wel ge to the city park if it is sunny.如果明天晴天,我们就去城市 公园。
3.原因状语从句
通常用because,since或as引导。这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减 弱,由why提出的问题用because回答。
H didn't come to c ool ecatunr he was.他役有来上学,因为他生病了。
4.目的状语从句可换为in order to do
引导同有so that,in order that等,从句谓语中含有may,might、can,could, will。would等情态动词,可换动简单句We used the compwter in order to save time. Weused the computer in order that we might sawe time.我们使用电脑是为了节省
时间。
5.结果状语从句
(1)常见的引导词有so...that/such...that等。
(2)当名词前面有many或much修饰时,用so而不用such。 We have wo much time that we can finish the work very well.我们有如此多的时 间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。
[注意]so...that与such...that的用法区别:
so十形词/副词+that
80十形容词+a/an+可数名词单数十thnt 悄悄话:注意此句式中Littl
so+much/little+不可数名词+that 指的是数量少",不是"小"噢 so+many/few+可数名词复数+that
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数十that
such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词十that
6.让步状语从句
引导词有though/although,even though,whoever/no matter who,however/no matter how.whatever/no matter what和as等。
Thophhewns vey tiredhe ddn't stop woeking.尽管他很累,但是他没有停止 工作。在though或although不限blt,两者选其一
[提分必练]
计f条件状适从句"主将从现"
1.[2020·贵州黔东南州]-Would you like to go hiking if it fine this Saturday? 宾语从句时态"主现从不限 -I'd love to. But nobody knows if it
C. will be: will rain D.will be: rains
A.is; will rain B.is:rains
2.[2020·辽宁沈阳] Simon has done well in his studies,he still works really hard.
引导让步状语从句
B.16
A.Since
C.Although D.Unless
3.[2020·江苏扬州]Lucy held her head up like a queen Bill was telling his
hold one's head uap"昂起天" tale.
A.after B.before C.while 当
时候 D.until
4.[2020·海南]President Xi encourages all Chinese people to plant trees our country can be greener and more beautiful.、引要目的状语从句
C.even though纵然即使
A.so that B.as long as
=50 long as只要 5.C2020·黑龙江]Wechat ay(微信支付)makes our life convenient.We can uy we don't take any money.
things
C.even though 即使",引导让步状语从句
A.because B.so that
6.[2020·山东莱芜模拟]Jey llsein woin ut he peoblem he
succeed in doing sth =do sth successfl成功地做某事 gives up
lend sth.to sb.把某物借
A.if
D.unless
B.becaune C.No
给某人 you promise to takeborrow sth from_从


7.[2020·辽宁辽阳模拟]I can lend my bike to you
未某物 good care of it.
表示".".*时间",用eep
A.while B.if C.although D.unless
8. 2020·贵州贵阳模拟]ackhas earned more about teamwork(团队合作) he joined the soccer team. 到现在完成时想到since列导的时间状从句
B.since C.while D.though
A.until
星推荐 初中英语
9.[2020·广东模拟]Johnson won't answer the phone if he the number.
"主将从现"if后用一般现在时
A.knew B.doesn't know C.will know D.didn't know
10.[2020·湖南长沙模拟]We'll achieve our dreams some day we keep =Owr dreams will come trying and never give up.
true
C. o thar
A.as long as B.even though
achieve是及物动词,可以 限宾语:come true实现, 11.[江苏宿迁]They spoke quietly I could hardly hear them.
是不及物动词短话。
D.both: and
A.such; that B.so:that C.neither : nor
考点41定语从句
定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词,起定语的作用,修饰说明名词,代词或主句的全部 或部分内容。定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句与它 修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,它们之间没有逗号、非限制性定语从句只对先行 词起h充说明作用,去掉后不敢响句子光整性,与先行回之间有逗号隔开,定语从句
一般放在被修饰的词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
1.关系词及其作用
[1.关系词及其作用
2.只能使用关系代词that的几种情况]

"关系词":"that,who,whom (只作宾语)"
"作用":"主语、宾语、 表语"
"先行词":""
"例句":"Do you know the girl who/that often comes here?你认识经常来 这儿的那个女孩吗?"
"":"在定话从句中作主话,不能 省略 在定话从句中作宾话可以 省略 在定话从句中作定话 在定话从句中作时间状话 when相当于介词+which"

that, which 主语、宾语、 表语 物 The book that/which you bought for me is very interesting.你给我 买的那本书很有趣。

"关系词":"whose"
"作用":"定语"
"先行词":"人/物"
"例句":"Do you know the singer whose name is Jack?你认识那个名叫杰 克的歌手吗?"
"":"先行词一般是表示地 点的名词,where相当于 介词+which 先行词是表示原因的reason, why相当于fortwhich"

when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when I first met him.我还记得第一次见 到他的那一天。

where 状语 地点 Can you remember the playground where we played basketball last winter? 你还记得去年冬天我们打篮球的 那个操场吗?

why 状语 原因 This is the reason why I was late this morning.这就是我今天早晨 迟到的原因。
2.只能使用关系代词that的几种情况
(1)当先行词是everything,anything,nothing.something,all,none.little.few 等时。
学习小贴士: Is thore anything that you don't need?有没有你们不需要的东西? 定话从句关系代词顺口留
(2)当先行词被every.any,all。some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。 关系代词有王个,听我逐一 Iwant towatch all th movies that were acted by Zhou ingchi.我想看周呈他演来说破; 的所有电影。
which表物,人用who;
(3)当先行词被the only,the very修饰时。


人物都有that顾,which This is th oaly book that I anfind.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 用在追号后,意表前句你要
(4)当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时。
knowi This is the most beautiul flower thatI have ever see.这是我见到过的最漂亮 who作主语很称职,whom用 的花, 到宾话里;
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。
that用法真有趣,两个地方 They talked about the persons and the hook that interested them,他们讨论了让他 它不去; 们感兴趣的那些人和那本书。
追号后边它不去,介词之后不
(6)当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
考虑; Which is the hotel that you like best?你最喜欢哪家旅馆?
先行词若是不定代,that
3.只能使用关系代词which的几种情况
就把whichs常;
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
先行词前有序数,那用that
There has ust been a heavy rain,whish maken the farmers delighted.下过一场 定无误;
大雨,这让农民们很高兴。
先行词前最高级,还用that
(2)关系代词跟在介词后时。
必无疑; The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago,他们现在居住的房子是 句若有there be.that座抱 50年前建的。相当于where which;
China has hundreds of islands,of which Tiwan is the largest one.中国有数百个 定语从句少定话,whose为 岛屿,其中台湾是最大的一个。
你唱一曲
(3)先行词本身是that时, What's that which flashed in the sky justnow?刚才天空中一闪面过的是什么 东西?
4.定语从句的谓语动词
当关系词在从句中 主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is onc of the boys who like playing: baskethall,他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。(动 词like与先行词boys一致)
He is the boy who comes from America.他就是来自美国的那个男孩。(动词comes 与先行词boy一致)
[提分必练]
1.[2020·黑龙江哈尔滨]-What are they talking about? make a big difference"产生重大影响" -They are talking about the gratest invention have made a big differene to or dais i,先行词前有最高级修,关系词只能用that
A.which B.who C.that
2.[2020·山东滨州]-Do you know L.i Ziqi? -Of course.She is a beautiful girl has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life. 中国传统的生活方式
A.whose B,where C.which D.who
星地界 初中英语
3.[2020·黑龙江绥化]We all like comedie make us relaxed.
A.who B.thar C.whom,介词n后只能用关系代词which,不用that
4.[2020·黑龙江]The house in Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A.which B.where C.that weekiy adj每周的daily adi日常的,每日的 [ 020·内蒙古呼和清特模拟 -Do oulie e weekly talksow,丁h Rrudr.om CCTV? Sure,It's a great TV program purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public. 缺少定话,故用whose
A.which B.that C.whst D.whose


6.[2020·广西玉林模拟]-Who got the First-cver Friendship Medl(友谊勋章)of China? 先行词是人,在从句中作实语(引导词可省略) It's Putin everybody knows so well in the worid.
A.whom B.what C.whieh D.whose
悄悄话
7.[2020·湖北咸宁模拟]What do you hinkof he show Th Reders on CCTV9
expreses or true feina by radin od in xpress还可用作名词表示 It's a great TV show
"特快列车快递服务"。 表达了我们的真实情感.expressv表达expression n表情 publie.
Shentong Expss通快递
A.whom B.who C.whose D.that
8.[2020·四川达州模拟]-Have you watched the TV play "In the Name of People" (人民的名义》>? -It's a most popular play our Party's trying to struggle against corrup tion(反对腐败), A.where show B, which show C.that shows D. who shows
9.[2020·甘肃兰州模拟]Ilike the city the people are really kind and
friendl,.i行 表 地点,在建话瓜句如果作 点状话用where就导where可换为in which
A.that B.which C.where D.who 先行词在从句作主请时,要与瓜句的 10.[2020·山东潍坊模拟]-What kind of movies do you prefer? 谓语动词保持一致,先行词是复数
I prefer the movics me something to think about. movies,从句中动词qive不用单三形式。
A.which give B.that ives C.which gives D.who gives
研究考题 提分要义
题点 根据主从句关系判断
中考复合句的考查,要根据主从句的意思来判断答案,解答此类试题,要注意分析句子 前后的关系。
典例2020.贵州委演]ven让 wele rsom thing well.we wi'l freet t we use it.
C.unless=if_not"除非,如果不……
A. while B,until
[解析]句意:即使我们学得很好,除非我们使用它,否则我们也会忘记,考查 unless引导的条件表语从句.while当*…….:ntil直到:unless缘非.分析句子 可知,此处表示"即使我们学得很好,除非我们使用它,否则我们也会忘记"。是 uniess引导的条件状语从句,强调"绘非",其他两项语意不通, 选C项。)
在古有宾语从句的复合句中,从句的语序要用述语序。根报这一跟则能够解答大 )根据答语选择问题,"逆袭 分题目。
法"走起来! 典例[2020·贵州 东南州]一E cusemc.Culdyoutell mei -At Xinhua Bookstore on Beijing Road of Kail. 宾语从句三要素要牢证:①引导词
B.why you bought the magazine @语序
A.where did you buy the magaxine
C.how did you buy the magazine D.where you bought the magazine ③时态
[解析]句意:-打扰一下,你能告诉我你在哪儿买的这本杂志吗?--在凯尔
北京路的新华书店,考查宾语从句,根据Could you tell me ?可知本题 考查宾语从句宾语从命要用陈3话序.A.C选项为疑间渐序,所以持价: 根括签 语A Xinhua Booksore on Beijing Road of Kail.可知上文是问地点,所以应用 where,故速D项。
题点3根据连接词判断
中考对宾语从句的考查除了语序之外.还有考查连接词的试题.要选择正 的 接 词,关键是要弄清句意,可以用替代法判断答案, 典例[2020·贵州安顺]The BBC's documentary D Fu:Chima's Greatest Poet explains Du's works have been popular for centuries.
A.when B.whether C.why


[解析]句意:英国广播公司的纪录片(杜甫:中国最伟大的诗人)解释了为什么社 商的作品在几个世纪以来广受欢迎,考查宾语从句引导词。when什么时候; whether是否:why为什么,根据句意可知此处指"为什么离的作品在凡个 纪》 以来广受欢迎",所以应用引导词why.故选C项,
题点4 根据还原先行调判断
中考对定语从句的考查主要是考查关系代词。首先,可以把先行词还原到从句中,其
次.在选择关系词时,先看先行 是指人还是指物.然后看关系词在从句中克当的成
分,从而做出正确判断.先行到是人,在定话从句中作主话关系词用who不用宾格~whom
典例1[新疆]-Do you know the gir! has got an A in the English examn? -Yes. She is my classmate.
A.who Bwhich C.whom D.whose [解析]句意:-你认识那个在英语考试中得A的女孩吗? 是的。她是我 的同学。句中的先行词是the girl,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,所以用who。故 选A项。
典例2[2020·湖南怀化]-Do you like the song Shao Nian? -Yes. I like the songs I can sing along with.
A.that Bwho C.what
[解析]向意:你喜欢少年这首歌吗?-是的,我喜发我能跟着得的歌。 考查定语从奇引导词。根据句子结构可知,该空引导的是定语从句,修饰空前的名 词the songs,that是关系代词,先行词可以是人,也可以是物,在定语从句中作主 语或宾语:who是关系代词。先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语:what不能引导定 语从句。此处的定语从向修饰名词songs,指物,应用that引导,故这A项
专题十六主谓一致和倒装句
同学教材 复习重点
诸法一致 抓住真正的主话"才是王道。 主调一致三原刚 意义一致 考点42主谓一致
就近原刚 英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词所采取的形式,这被称作主谓一致。它主 要遵循以下原则
1.语法一致
语法一致指主语和谓语在谱法形式上保持一致.即主语是单数形式时,请语动词也 each.each_and each.
采用单数 式:主语是复数形 时,  动诃也采用复数形式, every-and every-作主
(1)当ang和both...and.连接名词作主语时进动词用复数形式. 语时,谓语动词用单数 Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。
形式。
(2)定代词everyody,everyone,omebody,omeone, anybody,anyone,obody.Each boy and each
no one,everyhing,something,anything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词应该用irlwas iven a new 单数形式
b0ok.每个男孩和女孩 都得到了一本新书, Everybody here knows me.这里的每个人都认识我。
Something is wrong with my computer.我的计算机出毛病了。
(3)名词后接wih,ogether with,as wellas,rather than,including,hesides,like expt, ut等引起的短 时.谓语动 的单复 形 由远些短语前的  的单复
悄悄活这一条可以当成"就远原"噢! 数决定。
A woman with three children has come一个女人带着三个孩子来了。
Ias well as they am ready o help you.不仅他们,我也信症帮助你。
(4)"alot ofC latsof)".*plenty of"."mostof十名词和"分数或百分数十of十名词"等 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词?果是不可数名词.则谓语动词用
单数形式,如果是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of students have heen there.很多学生去过那儿。
(5)由"a pair(kind)of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:"pairs(kinds) of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,类:asetof
A pair of shoes is under the chair.-双鞋在椅子底下。
(6)由两部分构成的表示物体的务 (如trowsers,shors,pants,s oes,gloves.>2 主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。 可用作形式主话


(7)不定式或v.ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 =It isn't very easy to learn English well To learn Einglish well isn' very caay,/学好英语不容易。
Mending the car is his job.修车是他的工作。
(8)用"one.cvery one,cach one,cach,either等+of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动
词用单数形式。
Every one of the students is studying hard.每个学生都在努力学习。
Eather of the answers is right.两个答案都是正确的。
但指"几分之几的人口"时。 (9)分 和百分 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由后面的u  定
Two thirdaof the studentsin our clas are by.我们哥三分之二的学生鬓男生.谓活动词用复数形
Two thirds of the water is polluted.三分之二的水被污染了。
(0)anumber f"许多,若干",后接么词复数,谓语动讨用复数形式:the number
增乐趣
of"……的数日",后接名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式。
学习小贴士:
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
one and a half的后面要接复 The number of students in our class is 30.我们班的学生人数为30。 数名词,作主语时,谓语动词要
2.意义一致
意义一致指从意义上着眼处理主谓关系。比如:主语形式虽然是单数,但意义上却用复数形式
是复数0请动可就应用复数形式,菜线情况下·主语虽然是复数形式,但意义是单oner单数名间andeahalfh 主话时,谓活动词用单数形式。 数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式, One and a half cakes are a
(1)and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同--念,则谓语动词用单数形式。 ood meal for the monk The sc entist and inyentor ishis fathr.那位科学家兼发明家是他的父亲 =One cake and a half is a
(2)表示金钱、价格、时间长度等的复数名词、词组作主时,一般被看一个整体,消 good meal for the monkey语动词用单数形式。指同一个人,身兼而职
个半蛋糕对这只猴子来说是 Do you think three dellas snoueh?你认为三美元够吗?
一顿美餐.
3)fmily.crowd.compay,classgro等集体务回作主谁时,如果表示整体 概念, 谓语动词用单数形式:如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式
The crowd are fighting for their lives.这些人正在为生存而战斗。
(4)catle, people, police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,集合名词
The police have caught the murderer.警方已经抓获了凶手。
(5)学科名词maths.politics,physics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Maths is hard for me to learn.对我来说,数学很难学。
3.就近原则
就近原则是调语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的用作主语的词.即跟质一个主诺形式一致
(1)由either...or...neither...nor...not only...but(also)...等连接两个并列主语 时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在数上保持一致。
Not only his children but a lso he want to go to the GreatWall不仅他的孩子机 去,而且他也想去长城, Either you or he is wrong.不是你就是他错了。
(2)There be...,Here be..这两个结构中.be动词常与最近的主 在数上保持一致, There is a pen,twopencilsand some books on the desk,书桌上有一支钢笔,两支 铅笔和一些书。
There are two pencils,a pen and some books on the denk,书桌上有两支铅笔, 支钢笔和一些书。
[提分必练]
there be+名词,be动词采取"近原刚"。


1.[2020·湖北恩施州]There only a few things in the room,like a bed. some chairs and an old desk.
A.was B.were C.is
2.[2020·黑龙江龙东]Spending time with families the happiest thing.
A.are B.is C.be
提示语很重要
3.[2020·黑龙江绥化]My family for dinner now.We're busy.
A.is preparing B.are preparing C.prepares由于,因为
4.[2020·湖北鄂州]Because of the special situation this yar,about of the #tudents in our chool having classes on the Internet at home. 分数的表达:分子基数
A.two thirds: are B. wo third: is C.second thirds are D.two thirds:is词+分母序数词,分子大
5.[2020·黑龙江绥化模拟]Neither you nor he good at drawing. 于1分母用复数
A.are B.is C.be
6.[2020·甘肃天水模拟]-The number of tourists over 33millin this
作主语,谓洁动词用单数形式 year.
Yes.A arge number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.
A.is: have come Bis: has come C.ares has come Dare: have come
7.[2020·江苏泰州模拟]Not only children but also my hushand crazy
about the movie Operatiom Red Seu(《红海行动)),"近一致原则,动词的数限but also后的主话一致
A.is B.are C.am D.bo
8.[2020·四川宜宾模拟]Two month a long time.We can visit our
一段时间看作整体,作主语时谓语动词用单三形式 grandparents during the vacation.
B.is
A.am
Care
9.[甘肃兰州]My ister with my parent durplings when I got home
with前面是"领导","领导"说了算5话动词跟with前的名词一致 yesterday evening
A.are rnaking B.is making C.was making D.were making
10.[四川南充]Nobody except you late for the merting yesterday afternoon.
A.were B.was
D.are
C.is 既然"除了你","你"不是"领导"前边说了算,N0body潘成单数。 考点43倒装句
部分倒装:助动词系动词情态动词)提到注话啦 学习小贴士:劉装句 全部倒禁:;话动词放到主话前
1.there be句型的倒装
There be句型是一个表示某时某地"存在"的句型,是主语在be动词后的倒装句。
There isa small river near the villagc.柯子滋近有一条小 .
( )在there be句型中,当主语是两个成两个以上的名词时, 语动词be的形式要与 离它最近的名词的数保持一致,即循"就近原则"。
There is a teacher and many students in the elassroom.教室里有一名老师和许多
学生。
There are many studen's and a teacher in the classtoom.教室里有许多掌生和一名
老师。
(2)不定代词在there be句型中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式,doing表示正在进行 There is nothing in the fridge.冰箱里什么也没有。 to do表示要做
There are many things to do有很多事要做。
(3)There be+sh.+doing sth.表示"有某人在做某事"
There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。 ySo doI我也如此。 2.50,meither引导的倒装句


Neither/Nor do I我也不 "  +bc动词/助动 /情态动词十主"表示前面的肯定情况也适合后面的人或物. 那样 意为"某人也是如此":"n ether+be动词/助动词/情态动词十主语"表示前而的否定 情况也适合后面的人或物,意为"某人也不",注意so后也接陈述句,含义跟接倒装 句不同。"s+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动彻"表示赞同.青定成强 前面所说的 SoIdo.我确定如此。
情况.前后两部分描述的是同一情况或同一人或物。
1 like playing the guitar,So does he.我喜欢弹吉他,他也喜欢。 He can' do it.Neither can1.他不会做这事,我也不会做。
Our teacher is very patient,我们的老师 常有耐心。
-1agree.s0 she is.我赞同。她确实是。
3.方位副词引起的倒装
以here.there. out.in.down,away等示方位的副问开头的句子.如果主语是名
词,而谓语动词是be.come:go,lie,run等,用全部倒装。 Here comes the bus.车来了。
[注意]如果句子的主语是代词时,则不用倒装。 Mere he comes他来了, Hereitis给你。/在这里。
4.否定词引起的倒装
表示否定意义的词如litle,hardly,seldom,never等放在句首,句子用部分倒装。 Seldom do I go to work by bus.我很少乘公共汽车上班,
5.其他情形的倒装
(1)"not only...but also"连接两个分句,not only位于句首时,需将not only所在分句 倒装。
Not ol'y were h chil'ren moved uit lso ihe dulis showed their piy.不仅孩子
们被感动了,大人们也表示出了同情。
(2)"only+状语"位于句首时要倒装。
Only in this way can you learn English wel,只有用这种方法你才能学好英语 Only then didIrealize the importance of l arniog English.从那以后我才意识到学 习英语的重要性。
[提分必练]
1.[2020·黑龙江绥化]-Will you go to the movie tomerrow?
"主将从现"莫忘记 -If you don't go.
A.neither do I B.neither won'tI C.neither willI
2.[2020·广西北部湾]-Ihave never been to Hawai, What about Mike?
与上文非同一主话,用倒装句结构。
A.So has he B.Neither he has C.Neither has he
总是乐意做某果 3.[2020·辽宁丹东]-Tom is always ready to help others. .He often helps me with my English. 上下文主话为一人,用"So主语+助动词。
B.So he does C.So is he
A.So he is
D.So does he
4.[2020·四川达州模拟]-rd love to go hiking with you,but I have [much
much homework to do,很多要做的作业,动词不定式作 homework 定话 -If you don't go 也可用neither
A.to do: so do l B.to doinor will I C.doing:sowill I D.do:ncither am l
5.[2020·甘肃兰州模拟]Only yesterday find out that his purse was lost.
A.he was B.was he C.did he D.he did,"only+状话"位于句首主句用倒装
6.[2020·四川达州模拟]-Where's your brother? Oh,he the library and
A.has been to: so Lucy is B.has gone to: so Lucy has
C.has gone to; so has Lucy D.bas been in: so has Lucy
研究考题 提分要义
题点 准确判断主语的单复数
主谓一致主要考查考生对主语单复数以及人称的理 和判断能力,解答这类题目时.
首先找出句子的真正主语。然后依据主谓一致的三原则做出选择,主语后接with.


together with,but,excepe等词时,谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。"远原"
典例1[湖南郴州]-Look!Awoman with three children crossing the street.
-Let's help them.
A.is B.are C.wis
[解析]句意:-看!一个带着三个孩子的妇女在过马路。 让我们帮帮他们 悄悄话 吧,with是分 词,谓语动词的数要与with前的名词的单复数一致:因awoman是 典例1、2都是考查的"就 单数形式,因此谓语动词也要用第三人称单教形式:出look可知句于用现在进行 远原则" 时,故选A项。 →看作单数 典例2[四川自贡]Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began.
A.are B.was C.were
[解析]句意:当会议开始的时候,除了迈克和脉达,大家都在那儿。时间状语从句 的时态为一个什去时,所以 局也点用过击时,排只A:"|语+exgpt+皂词或
代词"充当主语时,谓语动词与except前的主语保持一致,抵逸B项。
典例3[四川宜宾]Three million a large riumber.You can make
it 再大也是一个数,动词用单数
A.arer small B.is: smaller C.is: small D.are:smaller
[解析]句意:三百万是一个大数字.你可以 它更小点儿,Three milion三百 万,作向于主语表示整体时前作单数.消语动词用第三人称单数形式、梅除A,D两 项:联系前面的large可知第二空暗舍比较,敌应用比较级形式。故选B项.
典例4[2020·贵州安]As we all know.using public chopstick:
neessrywhen we eat with orher.,动名词话作主话,活动词用单数形式。
A.is B.are C.was
[解析]句意:众所周知,当我们和别人一起吃饭时,使用公筷是有必要的。考查时 态和主谓一致。is用于第三人称单数或单数君词后:are用于第二人称或复教名词 后;was过去式,用于第一、三人称单数后。根据句意可知,对事实进行陈速应一 般现在时,故C选项可排除。句中主语using public chopsticks为动名词短语,动名 词短语作主活时,谓语动词用单数,选A项。
典例5[2020·广西北部湾]Both Mike and his sister Luey good at Chinese. both.and_连接两个名词作主话时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A.js B.am Care D.be
[ 析]句意:适克和他的姐姐靠西都擅长中文,考查主谓一号ho ...angd. 接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复 形式、根据"|oth Mike and his sister Lucy' 可知此处用复数are,故选C项。
题点2 熟记常见侧装句型
中考对倒装句的考查主要涉及以 0:meiher开头的倒装句. o开头表示倒装和表示 强调一直是考生的易错点。
典例[2020·四川达州]-It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Sunday.I drove to
Linulak towatt tebot ac. ow exiti:上下文主请非同一人,用解业句
"so助动词情态动词/e动词+主话" ,but I didn't see you there.
A.So I did B.So didI C.So do 1 D.Neither did 1 [解析]句意: 上周日是城争节。我开奉去莲花湖看赛龙舟了,好刺激 啊!--我也去了,但是我没在那儿看见你,考查例装句。根据后文"butIdidn't seeyou here"可知说话者也去了,表肯定, 除D选项:根据 定 法"so+动动 十 主语",意为"某人也一样",再根据上定动作发生在过击,可知此处助动词用did,故 选B项。
学习小贴士: 完形填空
我这样做完形填空题 跳过空格,解大意一细读每 一句,不看选项试填空一再看所给
专题十七 完形填空 同学教材 复习重点
遇项,敲定答案一做完看补空,多 读一读(增强语感)一整理和识点 (积累)
总之,精练、多练,不要惧!
考点44哲理故事篇
做出要理故串类完形填 空要注意: 哲理故事篇常为富含教育意义的故事.以记氧为主. 后给出作者的意见或者提出问 研究首尾--我主题,上下
题留给人们去思考。它要求考生弄清事件发展的顺序和方向,从而理解作者的感悟 联系--寻信息 发现和写作意图。
左顾右盼--找搭配,思
1.浏览全文,寻找哲理
前想后-觅逻辑, 语境分析--辨词义,集中


暂理往往是在特妹事件发生后 悟出来的,因此哲理性完形填空题的折 往往在文 精力-破难题。
1被揭示出来,故痘浏览全文,在了 事件发生的宵景、过程、意义及影响的基础上 透过现象看本质,从而准确地推断出哲理。
2.带着哲理,理解原文
以哲理为线索可以追根求源理 原文事 发生的过程,从而各个击 ·结合 汇及 语法知识,推断各空的未知信息。
3.再读原文,检验哲理
用初读愿文时寻找或推 出的皙理复读原文,各个击破推出其未知信息后,再次阅 读原文,以检验自己对哲理的判断是否正确,对哲理产生过程的认识是否合理,从而 判断文意的延伸、情节的发展、作者的意围与哲理是否完全吻合,
[提分必练]
Passage1[辽宁锦州]
There was once a farmer.He had a very hig rabbit and a xmart dog. One day,he organied a(n)1between his dog and his a bi.  made a hole in one of h biggest filds,and2a carrot and a bone(骨头)init.He wanted to see which anirnal would find them first, →be busy doing sth忙子做某事
The rabbit was very_3,and he was busy looking for the carrot,digxing here and there. He was completely sure that he would tind he caror and he bone、But
not.at all一点儿也不 the dog wasn't optimistie(乐观的)at all.After he looked for the tone for a short time,he.on the groundsadly.Andthen he began tocomplain. He toght Sch /an形容词名词
was difficult for him to find one bone in such a big field. 如此….的… 形式宾话 130
星推养一本涂书初中英语
让 herabbit dug for hours.With every ncw 'el,th dog comp ain d bout on the other hand易一 this was,even for the rabbit,The rabbit,7the other hand.kept on working 方面 hard.8 there was no place in the whole field left to dig,the rabbit dug a tunnel keep on doing sth继续做 (隧道)toright under her the dog, was lying all tat time, herr he found the lie v.聊-lay-lain 现在分词lying carrot and the bone.
And this is how the dog lost the competition.9,he found the righ place at th ver bc tnnin. Hut he failed t fnd thr bone bscause h 10 complained and didn' ry at l.When we do smethng dificet i our life.we sould learn from he rabbit


[And this is how the dog lost the competition.9,he found the righ place at th ver bc tnnin. Hut he failed t fnd thr bone bscause h 10 complained and didn' ry at l.When we do smethng dificet i our life.we sould learn from he rabbit
Passage2[广西北部湾] 初次 When I was 16.T took a part time job for the first time in my life.I worked at a restauran near my home for a whole1.此空需首先路过,后文有提示。]

"1.A.event":"2.A.found"
"B.party":"B.hid"
"C.activity":"C.discovered"
"D.competition":"D.saw"

"1.A.event":"3.A.excited"
"B.party":"B.angry"
"C.activity":"C.relaxed"
"D.competition":"D.shy"

"1.A.event":"4.A.sat down坐下"
"B.party":"入睡 B.fell asleep"
"C.activity":"C.lay down躺下"
"D.competition":"D.ran around四处跑"

"1.A.event":"5. A.this"
"B.party":"B.that"
"C.activity":"C.one"
"D.competition":"D.it"

"1.A.event":"6.A.how difficult"
"B.party":"B.what difficul"
"C.activity":"C.how easy"
"D.competition":"D.what easy"

"1.A.event":"7.A.in"
"B.party":"B.on"
"C.activity":"C.at"
"D.competition":"D.for"

"1.A.event":"8.A.If"
"B.party":"B. Before"
"C.activity":"C.When"
"D.competition":"D.Unless"

"1.A.event":"9.A.In total总计总共B.At last最后"
"B.party":""
"C.activity":"C.In fact事实上"
"D.competition":"D.At first起初"

10.A.only B.never C.seldom D.sometimes
Passage2[广西北部湾] 初次 When I was 16.T took a part time job for the first time in my life.I worked at a restauran near my home for a whole1.此空需首先路过,后文有提示。
I oug t woeking in the restaurant would be t e e siest o in e world.2; iswast形容词+for sb it
I made some mistakes in the firsn few days of work, I broke a few glasses and cut my to do sth "微某事对某 hancs whileIwas washang dishe Andi washard for me to 3afull tray( 子) 人未说是…·的"" with just on hand. My boss comforted(安 )me,His4were a big help to me.


They showed me that the moreIdo,thesl'l blecome.→then发级,ther较纹"越…(.越. Since that day,1 have become more patient and willing to try new things,6 be willing todosth愿意做某串 goes well.空!答案可知 The month soon came to an end. I decided to7my work,so that I cold 辽了解 larn a lot fromthi work cperience, T总rough it.1 got to understand8we need more than ustcxperience to master ajo .9,we need a positive at titude(积 的 态度).My time ar the resa arant will 10with me forever and ene fit(使受益)me in the future.
1.A.year B.tonth C.week
D.day
2.A.Moreover而且 B.Orherwise否则 C.Also也
D.However然而
3.A.hold B.catch C.get
D.bring
B.words C.tdens 4.A.changes
D.promises
5.A.worsc B. worst C.better
D.best
6.A.Anything B.Nothing C.Something
D.Everything
7.A.continue B,top C.start
D,avoid
8.A.how B.that C.when
D.which
在那之
B.So far迄今为止 9.A.Airer that
C.Ahove all最重要的D.At most 10.A.remain B.walk C.follow i
D.stand
仍然是,保持不变
早排汽 初中英
dream of doing? 悯做……
Passage3[重庆]
dream abowt doing梦见做… Everyone ha dreamsLily dreamed of being a dancr She took l lessonsand 上下文是营造话境的基 all her teachers thought she was an excellent student.
础,也是我出信息词的依据 和做好完形填空的类键 One day she saw a notice,It said that a famous dancing group would be (由第二段第二句的dancing per orming in her town.2thought.*"Imust s ow the leader my dancing skilli. group即可知道答案) She weite for he group ie der in the dressing rom.3 the leader ppeared, s e came up and handed hia the lowers he prepared.The teornsl()hurt her ieus,the f owers是后文9的 and blood came out. But she was too 4 to care about the pain,She expressed her示
strong wish to be a dancer and begged(乞求)to show her dance.
"All right.You dance."the leader agreed.But half way through the dance,he stopped her,*I'm sorry,inmy mind you're not good enough!"On hearing this. Lily s outs s s   r
就……." 一听到这些,Lily
She lost heart and 6 her dream. "
Several years latr,the dancig group came to her own again. She decided to就..
find out 7 the leader had told her she was not good enough.


This was hscpsc'' c :t s cvery st dkat* t l s th=tll thto sb告诉某人某来 "You've ruined(毁掉)my life!"she shouted angrily. The leader went on.*I gemermber your present of_9and how the thorns had 由上文第二段中的flowers aurt our fingers but ou carie on bravely.It was a pity that you didn' take 可以确定9的答案 dancing like that and stopped trying so 10.So you are still not good enough for
[This was hscpsc'' c :t s cvery st dkat* t l s th=tll thto sb告诉某人某来 "You've ruined(毁掉)my life!"she shouted angrily. The leader went on.*I gemermber your present of_9and how the thorns had 由上文第二段中的flowers aurt our fingers but ou carie on bravely.It was a pity that you didn' take 可以确定9的答案 dancing like that and stopped trying so 10.So you are still not good enough for
Passage 4[山东枣庄]]

1. A.singing B.reading C.dancing D.dressing

2.A.He B.She C. They D.We

3.A.When B.Since C.Before D.Unless

4.A.weak B.bored C.excited D.tired

5.A.worked B.ran C. found D.looked

6.A.got on B.went on C.picked up D.gave up

7.A. why B.how C.who D.what

8.A.on B.at C.in D.to

9.A.books B.dances C.flowers D.dresses

10.A.happily B.easily C.luckily D.safely
Passage 4[山东枣庄]
Rober and Hery were peing oe rom scol、 when,.on turtin a corer ave someting to do Robert1out,"A fight! let us go and see"No"said Henry."et us go quietly with和有关 home and a cid this urre. w lve 2t owith t:anda in zt tio tiol,,te,.no*hing to do with.和……无关
"You are not a brave boy, and afraid to go,"said Robert, and off he ran.Henry went straight home,and in the a ftrnoon went to sthool.as usunl.3Robert had told all le boy th t e ry was a oward.and they laughed t him a great deal. 此处为定话从句,缺少关系
A few days4,Robert was bathing with some schooimates and_5his
词,先行词是人,关系词在 deph. Hestnueed nd ndo lru ihe6语,故应用 who引导


Henry a coward,got away from 也he water as也st as they soul,and the, didnot even try to help him. R berr wasfast7.when Henry threw off his clothes, and in danger处在危险中 sprang into the water. By great effort, and 8 much danger to himself.he brought out of danger脱离危险 Robert to the shore, and thus saved his life.
Robert and hin schoolmaten were 9 'at having called Henry n coward.They
n胆小鬼
admitted that he had more 10 than any of them.
Never e mtaild to do good,butalwyskearodoevil.远不要 怕做好 ,组永远要怕坏
[Never e mtaild to do good,butalwyskearodoevil.远不要 怕做好 ,组永远要怕坏
Passage5[甘肃兰州] Finding Happiness in the Lights]

"1.A.cried":"2. A.something"
"B.jumped":"B.anything"
"C.said":"C.nothing"
"D.turned":"D.everything"

"1.A.cried":"3.A.Or"
"B.jumped":"B.But"
"C.said":"C.And"
"D.turned":"D.So"

"1.A.cried":"4.A.afterward"
"B.jumped":"B.before"
"C.said":"C.ago"
"D.turned":"D.later get ont of one's depth非某人"

"1.A.cried":"5.A.got out of"
"B.jumped":"B.got into"
"C.said":"C.got on"
"D.turned":"D.got off 能力所及"

"1.A.cried":"6.A.whom"
"B.jumped":"B.who"
"C.said":"C.which"
"D.turned":"D.whose"

"1.A.cried":"7.A.swimming"
"B.jumped":"B.playing"
"C.said":"C.crossing"
"D.turned":"D.sinking"

"1.A.cried":"8.A. with"
"B.jumped":"B.in"
"C.said":"C.on"
"D.turned":"D.at"

"1.A.cried":"9.A.mad"
"B.jumped":"B.good"
"C.said":"C.sad"
"D.turned":"D.ashamed"

"1.A.cried":"10.A.courage"
"B.jumped":"B.strength"
"C.said":"C.power"
"D.turned":"D.ability"
Passage5[甘肃兰州] Finding Happiness in the Lights
Last year,we took a trip to New York City.When we arrived at our 1.it was around 2a.m. My son, oseph.lookea ouu at the lightt of Titer Square and said_
时代广场
he wanted to go 2.I told him it was too 3to go out,buthe kept looking oul


get dressed穿好衣服 of the window and said."Just for two minutes." get hurt受伤 My wife and Ijust loked at each other,smiledand said,~Two minutes."We got get lost迷跑 dressed and walked to the center of Timies Square.4 we go1 there,my son get married结婚 pointd at e lig htsand s id.*D d,5!"And then he strte to fall aleep.So we
had to go back o the hotel.此处hotel晴示上文第1空的答案 second n秒
It took us 20 (minutes to s for the 20seconds we spent ou sie, butit madet our son 7and that meant a lot to us. That night,I learned a lesson about happiness.We sometimes have chances tshappy moments inorlives, but we that引寻定语从句,修饼 often find9 to do something else. 先行词a door, Because of my son,I learned that I am/the higgest enemy to my own ha ppinesse 10happines is a door ha is always ope, we are the oneswho have to decide if weate gping to walk throwuh the doosw引要定话的包你theones,从由物又包金一个请都辜的实语瓜包。
[It took us 20 (minutes to s for the 20seconds we spent ou sie, butit madet our son 7and that meant a lot to us. That night,I learned a lesson about happiness.We sometimes have chances tshappy moments inorlives, but we that引寻定语从句,修饼 often find9 to do something else. 先行词a door, Because of my son,I learned that I am/the higgest enemy to my own ha ppinesse 10happines is a door ha is always ope, we are the oneswho have to decide if weate gping to walk throwuh the doosw引要定话的包你theones,从由物又包金一个请都辜的实语瓜包。
星推方]

"1.A.restaurant":"2.A.inside"
"B.bank":"B.outside"
"C.supermarket":"C.back"
"D.hotel":"D.home"

"1.A.restaurant":"3.A.hot"
"B.bank":"B.early"
"C.supermarket":"C.late"
"D.hotel":"D.cold"

"1.A.restaurant":"4.A.If"
"B.bank":"B.Unless"
"C.supermarket":"C.Because"
"D.hotel":"D.When"

"1.A.restaurant":"5.A. listen"
"B.bank":"B.touch"
"C.supermarket":"C.look"
"D.hotel":"D.smile"

"1.A.restaurant":"6.A. make rules"
"B.bank":"B.get ready"
"C.supermarket":"C.do sports"
"D.hotel":"D.have dinner"
星推方
乐趣


[乐趣
考点45人物记叙篇]

"7.A.sad":"8.A.create"
"B.happy":"B.forget"
"C.bored":"C.waste"
"D.patient":"D.avoid"

"7.A.sad":"9.A.a place"
"B.happy":"B.a book"
"C.bored":"C.an excuse"
"D.patient":"D.an order"

"7.A.sad":"10.A.Because"
"B.happy":"B.Although"
"C.bored":"C.Unless"
"D.patient":"D.As soon as"
考点45人物记叙篇
解题口诀:
跳过空格,通读全文,抱 人物记叙篇主要以记叙文为主,用来叙述事情的发生、经过和结果,一般讲述一个完整的故 握大意 事此类文章故事情节完 、有趣,充满悬念,做题时要把握文章大意,并注意以下几点 结合选项,综合考虑,初
1.人物记 篇 常具有故事性的特点,有特定的对象和故事线索。因此首先要快速 定答案。 刚览全文,掌 文的主旨大意和线术。切在未把握文章大息前就忙于做题,这
瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个
样容易只注意到某个句子,将其孤立起来,从而忽略了该句子与文章整体的联系。 击破。
.抓住文章的主线和关键词进行细致阅读。我们可概据文章中时间人物转换的提示,复该全文逐空验证,3 采取跳读、猪词的方式,理解文章的意思,再结合具体语境及选项意思进行辨析,从补疏漏。
而选出正确答案。
[提分必练]
Passage 1[甘肃武威]
Allmy eac hers and lassmates praised my designs for the art esival. 笔hey
think I have a reallfor painting.2.lonce did not like art lessons because i could not draw very well,have a qift for."对…有天赋"
Cne day.13 wih some pain s al h o
the p int4waigr.A sItok the brushway、I dropped ome p int onto the 先跳过,下文有提示 paper.Looking at the mark,I decided5 it,The paint began to run,so I blew
6.The paint ra n  iadda e a, re r向处
was in class until Ms. Brown came by my desk."That's a very good picture. Susan."
encourage sb. to do sth鼓
said Ms. Brown.She8 me to keep trying and make more wonderful pictures. 励某人做某事
did make somewadeiu pisture lr,Seez_ray dout aye<视在完成时的标志词 and paints. I cnjoy 10 in the colors every time.I paint, I love painting!
[did make somewadeiu pisture lr,Seez_ray dout aye<视在完成时的标志词 and paints. I cnjoy 10 in the colors every time.I paint, I love painting!
星推荐 初申英语]
"1.A.hope":"2.A. However"
"B.gift":"B.So"
"C.story":"C.Besides"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D.Or"
"1.A.hope":"3.A. was sharing"
"B.gift":"B.was helping"
"C.story":"C.was playing"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D. was living"
"1.A.hope":"4.A.for"
"B.gift":"B.about"
"C.story":"C.on"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D.with"


"1.A.hope":"5.A.to beat"
"B.gift":"B.to throw"
"C.story":"C.to blow"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D.to wash"
"1.A.hope":"6.A.harder"
"B.gift":"B.more softly"
"C.story":"C.hardest"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D. most softly"
"1.A.hope":"7. A.awful"
"B.gift":"B.interesting"
"C.story":"C.ugly"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D.colorful"
"1.A.hope":"8.A.encourages"
"B.gift":"B.is encouraging"
"C.story":"C.will encourage"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D.encouraged"


"1.A.hope":"9.A. was"
"B.gift":"B.get"
"C.story":"C.have been"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D.got"
"1.A.hope":"10.A.I"
"B.gift":"B.me"
"C.story":"C.my"
"→enjoy oneself"玩得开心 D.life":"D.myself"
星推荐 初申英语
Passage 2[安徽]
根据下句中的"回难、无聊" WhenI was 12 years ald,my moather sent me to a(hinese school in Calfornin.1 可知是"讨厌"上中文课 spending my Saturdays in a three hourChinese class.I toug ht it was 由ffic lt and boring. 由下句可知是"汉话语言 However,my mum thought that I should develop and improve (提高)my 能力 Chinese2xkilk,-1seemed to know it would do me good in uture, bui at thaty ime I couldn' ralie the 3 of arning a od ang→os d对某人有好处
Many years later,Ihads4ro work in Asi :I chose Chin mainly beause] have a chance to do sth.
有机会做某事 leareChinese wh enIw8s5,However.I st'llwonderedi I culg6stret signs. buy food and talk to people there.
可知下文"提是高很快" Shortly after -arrived inChina、my Chinewe Langunge ī came ack soon and improve_8.Along time agoIwanted to tive up9 hiaese,Iuckily,my、 st 0p-from dainge止... 做某串 mum encournged me and stopped that from happening.I'm 1othat the Chinese langug has helped me alot in diferent ways. My life is geting more and mores导宾u瓜匀 colourful.


[可知下文"提是高很快" Shortly after -arrived inChina、my Chinewe Langunge ī came ack soon and improve_8.Along time agoIwanted to tive up9 hiaese,Iuckily,my、 st 0p-from dainge止... 做某串 mum encournged me and stopped that from happening.I'm 1othat the Chinese langug has helped me alot in diferent ways. My life is geting more and mores导宾u瓜匀 colourful.
Passage 3[江苏南京]]
"1.A.hated":"2.A.business"
"B.advised":"B.music"
"C.enjoyed":"C.language"
"D.forgot":"D.cooking"


"1.A.hated":"3.A.mistakes"
"B.advised":"B.excuses借口"
"C.enjoyed":"C.fears恐惧"
"D.forgot":"D.adantages优点,好处"
"1.A.hated":"4.A.habit"
"B.advised":"B.chance机会"
"C.enjoyed":"C.skill"
"D.forgot":"D.suggestion建议"
"1.A.hated":"5.A.busy"
"B.advised":"B.young"
"C.enjoyed":""
"D.forgot":"C.successfu成功的D.experienced 有经验的"
"1.A.hated":"6.A.read"
"B.advised":"B.touch"
"C.enjoyed":"C.afford"
"D.forgot":"D. move"
"1.A.hated":"7.A.tool"
"B.advised":"B.ability能力"
"C.enjoyed":"C.point要点"
"D.forgot":"D.difficulty困难"


"1.A.hated":"8.A.safely"
"B.advised":"B.politely"
"C.enjoyed":"C.quickly"
"D.forgot":"D.privately"
"1.A.hated":"9.A.changing"
"B.advised":"B.sharing"
"C.enjoyed":"C.learning"
"D.forgot":"D.protecting"
"1.A.hated":"10.A.sorry"
"B.advised":"B.worried"
"C.enjoyed":"C.angry"
"D.forgot":"D.glad"
Passage 3[江苏南京]
where引导定话从句,先行 词是Places,在定请从句中 He was pleased  olearnh tChi   new all te plaes were te wildguapes and 作地点状语。 wild potatoes grewHe was amaed to1lxow muh Chibi knew about all the lowers in our cdass garden. He liked Chibi's black and white drawings and put them up an the wall to
be2,He liked Chbi's own handwniting which no onr hut Chili cold read, and he pat
which.导非限制性定从句先行词是handwriting that up on the wal
But,whenChibi uppeared onthe stageat e taln show of that year.no on cld3hiseho is azmyhat can that stuped do up trea两个;"录示人们的像看不从相。自己的眼情. i tl Mr. wobe anour ed itChilkswais going to itate(模仿)the voices e crows.快速瓜配法;
由下文的"And"Then."可知 "Vaices?Voices of crown"
此处应用First,表示动作发 4he imitated the sroices of newly hatehed crows,And he made the mother row's 生的顺序。 voice。 Thenhimitated the f a her crow s voice, Hesowed how crows ty eariy in the
morring.He showed how crows cry when the village people have sote unhappy accident, He howed ow crows5wbentley areapey and cer'ut Everybadys mind wass
taken to the6mountinside fom which Chit roably came to school.
乐趣
Chihi mace ver spe i l 7deep ownin his rat(啵咙)timitate a ciow in an
old tre in the end. Now everybody could imagine8 the far and lonely place where Chibi lived with his famil, where引导定诸从句,修先行词Place。
Then Mr. Iobe explaineg9 hibi had leared those calliving hiw hame for
school at sunrise,and arriving home at sunset,every day for six long years.
Every one of us cried,tinking how mu'h we had been1oto Chibi all cose long
本句也是全文主题句他是一个超 years. He was a boy beyond our usual imagination!
越我们平节想象的男孩
C.find D.refusc 1.A.complain B.count
Davoid介词短语后置作定话,修60y。


2.A.admired B.printed C.punished D.believe beyond one's imagination超,越某 3.A.check B.hurt Copen
人的想象 4.A.Later B.Next C.Last D.First beyond prep,超过adu.在远处
C.Aly D.dance 5.A.jump B.call
D.modern 6.A.far
B.crowded C.near
B.reports C.speeches D.sounds 7.A.scripts 8.A.hardly B.happily C.exacly D. peacefuily
Cwhether D.who 9.A.what B.how
B.kind Chonest D.generous 10.A.wrong run intocome acrosshappen Passage 4[云南] to meet偶然遇到
One dayran into stanger as he pased by me,Isad sorry to-_immediatly. He rpi.rd wi让1astnileadseidIhn sory,8_.1wa说't watching outfor you."提六第空用n.m
Later that day,when l was cooking,my3was too dose to me. When I turned to
get_4milk, I neaty cc cershr下文的daghter可以推出第3的答案 "Move out of the way!"I shouted.
She walked away 5,But I didn't feel like I hnd to say sorry to her. While-was in bec tat nugt.my husuand sdatsome,"wWhile dedine with》g定话瓜句修daughters= stainger, you were_6_,but with the daugher Soe loud o wer uahind Your闪tat/whom被省略 dughter_7you sme fowers she piked herseil. Yollfid them in the kitchen by the
dor. Hae ou s8句修ower,说不是买的,也不是的
I felt quite sorry for my lovely daughter. Then I went to her bedroom to tell her that I shouldn':t have9 her. She ise me on my chek and said."lts oK.Mom.I loe you anyway."shomldn't have done本不应该做某事
一个问句引出作者的反思:我 Iliw an be pbitstostsnpprs10qant we o te s nef  t ps pe么不能同样 对 我们 1.A.he
B.she C.him D.her 所爱的人呢?
B.either Calso 2.A.too
D.neither
D.father 3.A.ion
B.daughter C.mother 4.A.littlc B.few C.any D.some 5.A.sadly B.happily Chardly D.carelessly 6.A.impolite B.polite C.angry D.nervous 7.A.took B.bought C.borrowed D. brought 8.A.in
B with Cfor D.of 9.A.looked at Blaughed at C.shouted at D.pointed at
10.Ahow B.what Cwhich D.why
星推养 初电英语


从这篇又章可看出"先统观全 Passs [广东广州]文,再细作选择"的重要性。 由上下文话境可知Jackie在 Beore gzrdutincollgejauxie begu toloo fora lou she miued at a famoux众多应聘者中被选中,成为参 ompay,tut te-for such jobs was sers ton. The company Jackie toe land to加最终面试的三个人之一,这 当然是一件"高兴的"鼻了,放在 employ only one person, but more than twenty people appied for the job.2Jackie was 句首,用副词hanfuly. on of he three pple invit d for the linterview,The intcerview was very3.The 过去分词作定话,表示"被 intervicwer asked just a few guestioes and it was all over in less than 10 minutes. Then the 邀清的",修饰people, inte rviewer saitg to them,"* All of you are very good. Plcasego ome ang 4.our respons"提示第6空的答案就是"message
Thive dys ler,.:e'ireve a mesageseing oe woauc no't鐵、51he oaShe、现在分词作定话,他 message fel deeply dsappcinted. That evening,however,she received another 6.This time it said that she got the job
Jackie Lsctr found out hat he first mcsape sen toher p one was part of t
>be suitable for适合于…… intrview -7to see if she was suitablt for te o, All the three eple riceived the 8text:but only Jackie's r ply9the company. Of t e thre,one dlid not r ply. The other said "goodbye" and Jackie said "thank you.This reply showed that Jackie was a/ thank you说明Jackie是"有礼貌的 an 10person, so the company offered her the joh.
[>be suitable for适合于…… intrview -7to see if she was suitablt for te o, All the three eple riceived the 8text:but only Jackie's r ply9the company. Of t e thre,one dlid not r ply. The other said "goodbye" and Jackie said "thank you.This reply showed that Jackie was a/ thank you说明Jackie是"有礼貌的 an 10person, so the company offered her the joh.
(Polte)人,所以"使公司满意satifed)。]
"1.A.exam":"2.A. Thankfully"
"B.work":"B.Unluckily"
"C.competition":"C.Hopefully"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.Immediately"


"1.A.exam":"3.A.long"
"B.work":"B.strict"
"C.competition":"C.interesting"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.simple"
"1.A.exam":"4.A.pick up"
"B.work":"B.wait for"
"C.competition":"C.deal with"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.think of"
"1.A.exam":"5.A.offered"
"B.work":"B.returned"
"C.competition":"C.refused"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.shown"
"1.A.exam":"6.A.letter"
"B.work":"B.e mail"
"C.competition":"C.call"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.message"


"1.A.exam":"7.A.guide"
"B.work":"B.conversation"
"C.competition":"C.test"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.lesson"
"1.A.exam":"8.A.same"
"B.work":"B.otber"
"C.competition":"C.second"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.whole"
"1.A.exam":"9.A.reached"
"B.work":"B.satisfied"
"C.competition":"C.helped"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.surprised"
"1.A.exam":"10.A.brave"
"B.work":"B.clever"
"C.competition":"C.polite"
"40人,P区avse D.plan":"D.honest"
(Polte)人,所以"使公司满意satifed)。
考点46科普说明篇
科普说明篇以说明文为主,另外,还包括一些科学常识,说明文通过揭示事物的概念来 说明事物的特征,本质及其规律,要求同学们在掌最英语知识的基础上,还要对生活中 的科学常识进行必要的了解和掌握,读此类文章要注意以下几点:
1.科普说明篇考查的知识面较广,从文化、科普到历史、地理等各个方面。中学生已经掌 摊了较丰富的科学和生活需识,科普说明算在考查语 知识技能的同 ,也考查简单 的常识性问题。
2.首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。细读首句可引领全文,而尾有又往往是对文章主 题的总结.因此,要充分利用文章首尾句提供的信息,明确文章 论的对象,理清文章 的行文思路。
增乐趣
[提分必练]
Pasage 辽宁铁岭、葫芦岛]
A prom(毕业舞会) in a big part of high chool for students in the UK. chool prom 例如 is aformal(正式的)1to celebrate an impxrtant date at school,suh as the end of high sthool or completigs oal xams. Aprom is usually2inJune,around the end of exam time.The idea is to have fun with your school friends.A prom organizer proviees3forthespecialevent.includingllon:food and music, But  ou →provide sth for sb =provide sb with sth为某人提供某物 need to prepare your own4
Young people like to5 for their prom.On the prom night, girs change theirschol uniformsfor an vvening dres and high heelkBoys usally wear asu't 6n tie and smart shocs. The right hairstyle is important, too
Arriving t your prom ina chaufeur driven limousin e(有专职司机的豪车) is very7.The pay an sart ao.t wey to'teder ordaa.Sshe hpele dv 年人人都能看到他 around town in their bent clothes8 make sure that everyone sces them. 们",与上文表示顺承关
Not og go, most rtish shols didn' have shol proms, They_had ag. Biand school party t the end o the term.Now,more shan  peteen of schools in Briain have a rom. M y parents0t e ptom as on their ids animportant thaing. They ay it has had a grea infuence on their kidn,regard.as把作认为…


[Not og go, most rtish shols didn' have shol proms, They_had ag. Biand school party t the end o the term.Now,more shan  peteen of schools in Briain have a rom. M y parents0t e ptom as on their ids animportant thaing. They ay it has had a grea infuence on their kidn,regard.as把作认为…
空达"爱好给我们带来快乐,而ponide sh with Passage 2[山东枣庄] sth,故不用Provide.用bring Everyone as hobbies,Hobbies 1es a lot o happines,For mostof us.the activities we like to do are com mon and easy, However,there are2people who]


"1.A.race":"2.A.held举行"
"B.party":"B.happened 发生"
"C. meeting":"C.entered进入"
"D.notice":"D.developed 发展"
"1.A.race":"3. A.something"
"B.party":"B.anything"
"C. meeting":"C.nothing"
"D.notice":"D.everything"
"1.A.race":"4.A.product"
"B.party":"B.address"
"C. meeting":"C.textbook"
"D.notice":"D.clothes"
"1.A.race":"5.A.put on"
"B.party":"B.clean up清理"
"C. meeting":"C.dress up 打扮"
"D.notice":"D.take down 取下"


"1.A.race":"6.A.in"
"B.party":"B.for"
"C. meeting":"有着带着 C.with"
"D.notice":"D.of"
"1.A.race":"7.A.lonely"
"B.party":"B.strange"
"C. meeting":"C.silent"
"D.notice":"D.popular"
"1.A.race":"8.A.so"
"B.party":"B.and"
"C. meeting":"C.but"
"D.notice":"D.or"
"1.A.race":"9.A.really"
"B.party":"B.quickly"
"C. meeting":"C.simply"
"D.notice":"D.slowly"
"1.A.race":"10.A.regard"
"B.party":"B.report"
"C. meeting":"C.lead"
"D.notice":"D.search"
空达"爱好给我们带来快乐,而ponide sh with Passage 2[山东枣庄] sth,故不用Provide.用bring Everyone as hobbies,Hobbies 1es a lot o happines,For mostof us.the activities we like to do are com mon and easy, However,there are2people who
like to take riks. 3 are more interested in doing angserous sports,such as be interested in xnowboarding,diving(潜水)and rock libing由下文在真的上可知答案 对…·兴趣
Many people enjoy4 ,You can do it indoors on special walls or outdoors on real mountains.There are many advantages to rock climbing-ir is fun and it also helps people 5 their worries
由此可知空6答案 Themont iportant tool to have is g oo shoes. They need to be halia sizi smaller than your usuai 6,The next thing you need is a harness(保护带),This aliows you to move tely,?itwil old you upif you fll 管's ipotianttot问 词+to di 巾now know how to use your tocls,If you are a beginner, it's best to have lessons.A 的宾话 clim ber with experience can help you a lot 8you are learning to climb.
r ck climbing is very ex iting or people of dffernt a s,Clim bers.however. must be careful not 9 the environment.Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains wlich they climb.They should take it to them and throw it
take.with."把.带上" away. This will let futare clim bers enjoy a clean environment.


[take.with."把.带上" away. This will let futare clim bers enjoy a clean environment.
Passage 3[山东潍坊]]

"1.A.take":"2. A.other"
"B.bring":"B.the other"
"C.provide":"C.another"
"D.have":"D.every"

"1.A.take":"3.A.We 单板滑雪"
"B.bring":"B. You"
"C.provide":"C.All 攀岩"
"D.have":"D.They"

"1.A.take":"4. A.snowboarding"
"B.bring":"B.diving"
"C.provide":"C.rock climbing"
"D.have":"D.swimming"

"1.A.take":"5.A.remember"
"B.bring":"B.forget"
"C.provide":"C.solve解决"
"D.have":"D.keep"

"1.A.take":"6.A.size"
"B.bring":"B.shape"
"C.provide":"C.color"
"D.have":"D.kind"

"1.A.take":"7.A.and"
"B.bring":"B.but"
"C.provide":"C.so"
"D.have":"D.or"

"1.A.take":"8. A.before"
"B.bring":"B.when"
"C.provide":"C.after"
"D.have":"D.until"

"1.A.take":"9.A.to protect"
"B.bring":"B.to produce"
"C.provide":"C.to pollute"
"D.have":"D.to save"

"1.A.take":"10.A.along"
"B.bring":"B.to"
"C.provide":"C.for"
"D.have":"D.with"
Passage 3[山东潍坊]
Ri cing:=a Mobike on the street,you mght hear some people speaking 'henese 1题快速匹配法 aloud. Turning to the right,you see a Sichuan sayle restaurant, After walking into a walking into a store on sale迷配。 store you see that Huawei smariphones are1
But you're not in China you're in Manchester in Britain. In fact, you might
介词短语作置定话,修 sce2thingsin many other cities, Chinese products have een 3 worldwide 饰前面的meat,表示"带骨 Chinesr food has been enjoyed in western countrien for a long time, To 4 头的内",骨头在内的里面 lc别l eople's tastes,Chinese e taurantshave maceomve c angestot es 所以用"in"噢心 Unlike Chinese, Australian peopie don' like to eat meat with the bone 6s0 Chics r staurants there prtovide big pics of meat without bones、7for fish 第三段的4个空都紧密相 Some Chinese brands(品牌)are alko becorning more8,lnmany cities in 连,所以阅读时要专注,结 Europe,stores se cl.rel visians.Haier fnifges and novo compui er.And more than 合上下文,一气呵成。 half of US-owned drones(无人机)are Chinese models. They're not simply made in not simply-biut_不仅.……而 China.but designed and developed in the9.


..,相当于not only-bit In the paxt.mont western people thought Chinewe produets were cheap and not also,"不仅在中国制造,而 depemdable But now, things have changed grealy"Made in China"becomes cool,且设计、研究也在中国"。
More and more people o Chinese brands.
[More and more people o Chinese brands.
和中果语]

meet sb's taste迎合某人的口味

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"3.A.stored"
"B.at work B.different":"B.collected"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.received"
"":""

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"4. A.meet"
"B.at work B.different":"B.copy"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.spread"
"":""

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"5.A.kitchens"
"B.at work B.different":"B.drinks"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.dishes"
"":""

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"6.A.up"
"B.at work B.different":"B.out"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.on"
"":""

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"7.A.just"
"B.at work B.different":"B.even"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.yet"
"":""

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"8.A.traditional"
"B.at work B.different":"B.expensive"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.practical"
"":""

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"9.A.country"
"B.at work B.different":"B.circle"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.field"
"":""

"1.A.for fun 2.A.similar":"10.A.sell"
"B.at work B.different":"B.trust"
"C.on sale C.common":"C.improve"
"":""
和中果语
Passage 4[河北]
Once there was a king and his daughter. The king asked his daughter how much 第1题词汇复现法: she.love im.shescit tar stetlve iasmuhas seloved_eHer aser下刘答 着提到~5saltis a
made the king very happy,Salt is a simple thing,2it is very important, So the simple thing king thought his daughter cared a lot about him.


Salt has meany_3 .0ur bodies ered sat,Iiwe don t have enough. our bdiesn第4题结合生活中识可 知,在结水的路上酒盐的日 can's work properly.We put sal on icy roads to make them4.We also use salt to 的是使路安全。 produceother products,like paper and glas,t for many years,salt's most import ntjob was to5food.Like otherliving things,most bacteri(细菌> need water tolive.Salt aesilileny  wtrt so most hetris ramosivees a saly take in页政,收②欺济 environment,As a resul, salt proteets food and many other things,For much of humanhistory,ti ility has ma de salt7.Everyancient cul ure from Egept toi Chin depended on salt,Even today,the hard woeking,useful people are8as "the salt of the earth".
含有情态动词的被动语态 For cenues.salt was also hard to_9.Its usefulestoger er with rariy(船, e ycead岂like后像; -* 使用 有)made it very expensive,Salt could even be used like 10,In fact,the word
第10题 近义词复现法:money与salary意思相近。 salary(薪水)comes from the word salt. Today,salt is used more widely and it still plays an important role in our life.
[第10题 近义词复现法:money与salary意思相近。 salary(薪水)comes from the word salt. Today,salt is used more widely and it still plays an important role in our life.
Passage 5[湖南衡阳]]

"1.A.salt":"2.A.or"
"B.air":"B.so"
"C.gold":"C.and"
"D.sugar":"D.but"
"起重要作用,扮演重要的角色":"Play a role in doing sth.在做某事"

"1.A.salt":"3.A.forms"
"B.air":"B.secrets"
"C.gold":"C.uses"
"D.sugar":"D.skills"
"起重要作用,扮演重要的角色":"方面起作用"

"1.A.salt":"4. A. wide"
"B.air":"B.safe"
"C.gold":"C.smooth"
"D.sugar":"D.thick"
"起重要作用,扮演重要的角色":""

"1.A.salt":"5.A.protect"
"B.air":"B.provide"
"C.gold":"C.produce"
"D.sugar":"D.prepare"
"起重要作用,扮演重要的角色":""

6.A.in B.outside C.for D. without

7.A.hopeful B.comfortable C.valuable D.successful

"1.A.salt":"8.A.saved"
"B.air":"B.dreamed"
"C.gold":"C.invited"
"D.sugar":"D.described"
"起重要作用,扮演重要的角色":""

"1.A.salt":"9.A.sell"
"B.air":"B.get"
"C.gold":"C.take"
"D.sugar":"D.keep"
"起重要作用,扮演重要的角色":""

"1.A.salt":"10.A. money"
"B.air":"B.medicine"
"C.gold":"C.earth"
"D.sugar":"D.food"
"起重要作用,扮演重要的角色":""
Passage 5[湖南衡阳]


make a fortune发财,赚 Numbers in different countries may have different meanings,In China,some 大钱 people think tat some numbers bring theml.Take8-for example,the Chinese forwne n运气冰笔的钱 pronuncia ion of the num er"8" as almost h2sound as hat of e Chinese fortunate adj.幸运的 character~发[fac]", which means making a fortune.So.many Chinese people spend a fortunately adv率运地 lot of 3 to get their telephone numbers or car numbers to include this num ber* 8" unfortunate adj,不草的 They believe without 4 doubt that the number will bring them money.
5othtrs do's beieve ehet nuetrs have ayin, c do with god tock: ave somehing to do They think such an idea is only an ignorant(睐的)and supertitious(迷信的)with.与. have nothing to do with belief. A number is one thing,and good lock ise.They will ak."7can you 与……无关 ever have any good luck simply because of some lucky numbers,even if you don't work hard.don't have good opportunities and don'tget along well wit  the people around you?" 悄悄话:The harder.the Luckier,越努力,越率运,
As for me,18 with the latter(后者).Clearly, lucky numbers are only a kind 第9题never表否定,这句 of superstition. Prhapsittalds tre for some cases, hut offen it doces no. Numberss 话中隐含短语not.at all, c n9buiggd一vsto exson at alad ur orneusin ouronu hana,s,s,意为"点儿也不", everyone can have i good fortune only if he tries his best. Let's al ways remember 记主最后两句谚语 "Opportunities are only for the: 10mind" and"No pains:no guink"
[As for me,18 with the latter(后者).Clearly, lucky numbers are only a kind 第9题never表否定,这句 of superstition. Prhapsittalds tre for some cases, hut offen it doces no. Numberss 话中隐含短语not.at all, c n9buiggd一vsto exson at alad ur orneusin ouronu hana,s,s,意为"点儿也不", everyone can have i good fortune only if he tries his best. Let's al ways remember 记主最后两句谚语 "Opportunities are only for the: 10mind" and"No pains:no guink"
研究考题 提分要义]


"1.A.good luck":"2.A.different"
"B.bad luck":"B.same"
"C.failure":"C.similar"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":""
"1.A.good luck":"3.A.time"
"B.bad luck":"B.money"
"C.failure":"C.things"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":""
"1.A.good luck":"4.A.no"
"B.bad luck":"B.some"
"C.failure":"C.any"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":"第6题"
"1.A.good luck":"5.A. However"
"B.bad luck":"B. What's more"
"C.failure":"C.At last"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":"other其他的 the other 两者中的另一个"


"1.A.good luck":"6.A.other"
"B.bad luck":"B.the other"
"C.failure":"C.another"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":"another 三者或三者以上中的另一个"
"1.A.good luck":"7.A. How"
"B.bad luck":"B. What"
"C.failure":"C.Why"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":""
"1.A.good luck":"8.A.agree"
"B.bad luck":"B.disagree"
"C.failure":"C.dislike"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":""
"1.A.good luck":"9.A.often"
"B.bad luck":"B.always"
"C.failure":"C.never"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":""
"1.A.good luck":"10.A.clever"
"B.bad luck":"B.lucky"
"C.failure":"C.prepared"
"①机会只属于有准备的人。 ②不劳无获。":""
研究考题 提分要义
题点 利用前文较远处的信息进行推理判断
学习小贴士 题技巧 完形填空考查的信息经常会在上文出现,当空格处需要进行推理判断时,一定要把前 @运用前文与后文信息,即语境 面与之相关的信息与空格处的信息进行对比判断。
@运用复视词话
国运用词或近义词 典例Most amusement prks in te USA have been owned by companies, ⑥运厢义词 O ks Park-ha cen owned by onefamilthe ellingers-roughout mos ob ⑤运用逻辑关系 3history.The park was built by a compiny and opened on May 30.1905. 国远用生活节识及又化背景
知识
The park.esp ially the skating rink.has appeard in many America mnovies
and TVprograms.In2005the park elebratediyears of history. It is one of the oldest atnusetnrnt parks in the USA.
8.A.100 B.1.000
D.50
C.10
[解析]根 上文比he par'k ws uit byacompany adl opened on Muy 30,190,"可报 知,该公园在1905年5月30日创办开业,到2005年,该公国已经有100年的历史,故选 A项
题点2 利用后文较远处直接复现信息
完形 空考查的信息经常会在下文直接重复出现.包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复 现,概括词复现和代词复现等。当空格处需填的是人名、物名、地名等时,其复现的信 息有可 出现在后文 远处.同学们要留心,在阅读到后面的信息时,不要感记为 面 的题重新确定答案。
增乐趣
"I'm sorry,my daughter.It's my fault(过错)that I haven't noticed your .Bat I promise, from now on. I'll try my best to be a good father."My ather told me this later. At that moment, tears ran down my face.
后文出现的复现信息,也 He paidlitle attenton to my ' elingz elore,but now he rc lly6the 叫看晴示 importance of love and has changed a lot...
B.love C.sad D.letters 5.A.feelings
[解析]第5题**T'm sorry,my daughter.It'smy fault(过错)than I haven't no icedyour5.'的复现信息出现在下文"He paid little attention to my feelings before...故选A项。
题点 熟记固定短语,轻松过关


固定搭配一般是动 和介词、副词或名词的固定词组 配,如put on本意是"穿衣". 但另有"(请剧.电粥》上演"之意。其反义 takeof本义是"脱衰",但也有*(飞机)起 飞"之意。固定词组的一词多义情况在完形填空中出现的率较大。如果平时多加归 纳总结,做题时联系上下文,可避免出错,总之,我们在英语学习中,一定要牢记一些 常用的固定短语,只有这样,我们在完形填空时才会提高正确率。
他们不相信父亲死了,闹 典例Sxon many pople4into the housethey couldn't bxlieve my father was dcadJusti 入"房中,用rush into才符合 the ewning lfor,they still sw my fater5his usunl wnlk in the nice rel.,-I beld his 上下文话境。
ld hnd and I didn'twant to leave him,-I knew i was the lst tireIwoold sit eside him My f ather was my best friend.WhenIfel: sad,he was always there for me. He provided me 6 all I could ever ask for
[ld hnd and I didn'twant to leave him,-I knew i was the lst tireIwoold sit eside him My f ather was my best friend.WhenIfel: sad,he was always there for me. He provided me 6 all I could ever ask for
[解析]第4题.rushinto为固定词组·意为"冲选,中入",第5题.take one'swalk 为圆定词组,意为"数步"。第6题,provide sh.with sth.为固定词组,意为"给某人 提供某物"]

"4.A.rushed":"5.A.going"
"B.left":"B.setting"
"C.fell":"C.taking"
"D.knocked":"D.riding"

"4.A.rushed":"6.A.to"
"B.left":"B. with"
"C.fell":"C.at"
"D.knocked":"D.in"
[解析]第4题.rushinto为固定词组·意为"冲选,中入",第5题.take one'swalk 为圆定词组,意为"数步"。第6题,provide sh.with sth.为固定词组,意为"给某人 提供某物"
题点4 利用下文较近处的信息和逻辑关系推理判断
逻辑关系一般隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落之间的 接处,利用逻辑关 ,我 此处while用作从属连词, 们可以通过确切,具体的线索,把答案的逻辑意义推测出来,从而在各选答案中 出体 ,引导时间状话从句,表示 现相同逻意义的选项, "当""时候",从句谓语动词 典例Ifinaly ound the best pric,sol bought t e watc es whilk my sister and 用延续性动词。
mom were 6 other things from the same shop.When it was time to payl7
suggest doing sth.建议
was lo dollars short, so I sugkested returning one of the watches. The owner of
做某
the shop asked 8and I explained I didn't have enough money with me. suqqest sb.to do sth建 7.A.took B.refused C.received D.realized 汉某人做某墨
[解析]第7题,根据下文中的信息"Iwas 10 dollars short,sol sugested returning pone of the waches"可檬知,当"我"款时,我"意识到少了10关元。因此"我"建 议归还其中的一块手表,故选realized.意为"意识到"


英语中,有一些题的四个选项在谱法或者语言习惯上均无那显的错误,以至于难以排 除,此时就可以用推理法。在这种情况下,可以根据文章的中心思想、上下文,句子间 some time一段时间 及投 之间的逻辑关系,故事情节发 ,人物性格等方面来进行推理 断 sometime(过去或将来的) 典例 Some tie ag  amnwas angy with his3ear ald daugter for her wasting某个时候 a roll of gold wrapping papcer.The family were short of money and he some times子,好/几次 became I when the child tried to decorate (装饰)a box to put under the sometimes有
Christ mas Iree, 1.A.happy Bangry C.excited D.kind
【 析]第1题,如仅仅看"bebecamel when the hild trid to decorate(装 ( )a box to bat andper the Chrismas re .我们可以选声项或者(项.但是 根据本句前面的信息"aman was angry with his 3-yearald daughter"及"The fmily wer shorof money".我们可以推 ,家里块钱,可是孩子却装后放在 圣诞树下的盒子,此时的爸爸一定是生气了,故选angry、
题点 利用排除法巧妙解题
悄情悄话 微题时,碰到某个选项含义成者用法不 明了.但是发现其他选项有显而号见的错误 一分类排除法"即先比较 这时就可以用排除法。用此法 题时.应主要从三个方面去考虑;是否明显速背短文 容易地,通过分类排除四个 的中心思想:是否有语法错误(时态、语态、主谓一致、词性等):是否符合英语语言习 选项中的两个,然看再排除剩 惯。从多个方面分析,对造须逢职检查,推除干找别,从而翻定正确等努, 余两个远项中的一个。 典例Now the idea of"cer sharing"hashecme popular in Europe and the United States,That is to say,Ipeople share one cartnot each person has one 1.A.a few B.few Ca linle D.lintle
[  ]第1题,由于pcople是可 名词,先 除C.D 项,故 周few,afew来 修饰,再根撼前面"Now the idea of e r sharinghas ecome popular in Europe and the United States."可知,既然"拼车"的思想在欧洲和美国很受欢迎,那么一些 人乐意拼车,故排除few.应选afew"一些,几个"。
利用前后句,确定转折关系来解题
我们在 完形填空时.经营利用前后句之间的关系来确定 要的连词,这是一个考点. 需要我们认真地对比前后句在思维逻辑上的关系, 句意:在网上,除了我旅馆房 典例[On the Internet itia lo caey to tind che irlane rickets beside loweronoqú格和地址外,  到飞 pricevs aed edrese) hat heips us8money and time.We woueld rher iein机梁也很容易. the lit ome ie hors_9_ the for star bontlt, Tis ind d toue  ws:形试往诸,动词不定式 是真正主话。
cheap.convenient and safe. 1o we should do enough research on the Internet ahead of time.
10.A.But B.Or
D.Although
C.Since
[解析]第10题,"This kind of hotel is always cheap.convenient and safe.(这类 旅馆总是很便宜、便利和安全.)"和"we should do enough research on the Internet ahcad of timce(我们应该提前在网上做足够的研完)"这两个奇子之间的关系应该是 转折关系,因此需用表示转折关系的连词but,故选A项
掌握常用的背景知识


文化意识包括文化知识、文化理解、跨文化交际意识和能力,同学们要理解英语中常 见的成语和俗语及其文化内涵;要理解英语交际中的常用典故或传说:要理解主要英 语国家的政治、经济等方面的 况:要理解英语国家主要的文学家、艺术家,科学家的 经历、成就和贡献:要了解英语国家与中国的生活方式的异同等,理解了世界文化·才 能体会中西文化的差异,帮助选出最佳答案。
典例W en you're ivieak to h ave diner in  forigniet'shomve、please remrem berthe fallowing:
At tabie,when the hostess picks up her napkin, you may pick up yours and put it 1 your legs.
There are things in the middile of the 8,sch as bread,butter and candies,i 1.A.at B.on C.under D.beside
学习小贴士: 8.A.table B.desk C.dish D.room @跳读首尾句进行预测(体 [解析]第1题,根据中西方史化差异可知西方是将餐巾放在腿上,故选B项。 栽主题、启示 8题,由常识可知拿物应摆在"餐桌上",故选A项。
@利用固定句型解题(如t 完形填空解题方法与技巧 wasnt long before..不久 完形填空是分于单项选择和阅读理解之间的一种题型,难度系数中等偏上,主要考查;.  ." 学生对词汇,语法的掌握和对上下文的理解,核心词汇与短语的含义需要在日常学习1利用滚法解题 中不断积累.下面我们特别针对中考完形填空中的高颗考点总结出以下钥题思路, ②利用对比结构解题(有时节 1.名词:名词复现(具体名词)+具体解释(抽象名词)。
会利用句子间的对比关系或 同一句子的不同部分之间的 名 分为具体名词和 象名词。如果考查具体名词. 生需要联 上下文,在文章 关系进行对比来设计题即 中找出与选项一样或-类的名词,这叫作名词复现;如果考查抽拿名词,考生需要联 系上下文,一般在下文中会出现对该名词的具体解释,
2.动词:动词搭配十先后顺序。
考生要联系上下文,选出与本句的主语或宾语搭配最恰当的动词。在有多个动词的 情况下,考生要根据动作的先后逻辑顺序,选出最恰当的动词。
悄悄话
3.形容词、副词:情感态度十正负一致。
正:好 形容词、副词的情感色彩分为正态度和负态度两种,它 体现了考生对整篇文章的 lovable可爱的 情感掌控。考生可以根据整篇文章及上下文的情感色彩判断木题的情感色彩,进面 enjoyable快乐的 CaPable有能力的 选出答案。
负:坏
4.代词:前后一致。
SuSPicioust疑的 必须根据前后所指代部分的单复数,性别等确定, 毕不好不坏
5.介词:固定搭配十符合原文。
neutral中立的 除了考查介词与其他词的搭配外,对于考查时间介词、地点介诃、方式介词等,要根 据文章正确选择。
6.连词:四大逻辑十连贯通顺。
四大逻辑分别为:井列关系,违进关系、转折关系、因果关系。考生需要联系上下文, 选择恰当的连词使文章连贯通顺。
对于那些不易定夺的选项,应结合文章的整体内容加以分析,先看前后搭配是否符 合 法,再看上下文意思是否道顺.最后看情节是否合理以为是否符和生活常识和
文化背景,仔细推敲,选出在文章特定的情景中所需要的选项,
阅读理解
专题十八 阅读理解
同学教材 复习重点
学习小贴士: 考点47选择型阅读
解题步骤
基于不同的考查目的,阅读理解题通常可分类为"细节理解题""主旨大意题"词文猜 快速浏宽文后所给任务
测题"与"推理判斯题",不同的考查目的,会有不同的设题特点。可使用不同的解题③粗全文,弄懂大意注
意首尾句
技巧。
国复全文(带着问题去复
一、细节理解题解题技巧
读),抓住细节,初选答案 细节理解题主要是考查who.what,why,when,where等文章细节,一些细节 ⑥再读全义,核对答案(
理解题化较简单,只需满览文中所叙述的事实或细节,就可以作镕。但一些细节理 改答案哦? 解题则需要通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语的理解 力.这些题的 难度较大。
1.语义转换题--跳读查找法。语义转换题 常考查对某句话或菜几句话的理 .可 根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子,然后进行比较和分析,并确定最佳答案。运 用瞧读查找法时,要特别注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换,如同义变换,概 念解析、归纳事实等


2.生活应用题-常识理解法。生活应用题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定 的生活意识进行 断.但有些时候,一些需 性 断题,甚至只看跑干.就可选出最 佳签案, 3.细节排序题--首尾定位法。这种试题要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子 之间的逻 关系,搜出事件发生的正确顺以, 此类题时可采用"首尾定位法",即
最先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
4.寻找信息题-题干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广 告公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就 等,微这类题时没有必要 读全文,宜采 用"题干定位法",根据题千要求,真接从短文中查找相关信息。
二、主旨大意题解题技巧
主旨大意题旨在考查学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力,以及辨别主要 信息和次要信息的能力。要求学生运用逻辑概括能力,从文章的字里行间获取文 意中的代表性现点和中心论点,初中主旨 意题主要有以卡 个类型
I.主旨大意型:What's the passage mainly about?/what is the main idea of  his 需多加练习多阅读才能快 passag s/Wat's e copic of te article:/whichsu iect isdi scusseint et
passge?做此类主旨题时注意分析文章的结构,查我文章的中心句及每段的主题速、确地找出中心句和主
句。阅读材料通常有较明确的中心句,一般出现在首段或来段:每段的主题句一般句。
是首句或末句,我们应在通读全文的基础上,根据作者的意图归纳出文章中心。
2.最佳标题型:What's he best title for this passage!/The best titl o he passge is 悄悄话: ,标题是文章主题的高度 括,做这类题时应全面把握文 的中心大意,湖 建议先不看远项,以竞产生 免犯以偏概全的 误:标题应目有 括性,全面性和简洁性,若选项内容过宽或过 误寻,可以先找出主题句,再 窄,均有偏颇,应当排除:标题一般以短语的形式出现,其中的词常为文中多次出现 我出主题句的关键词,最无 的单词或词组,因此还可通过文中的高词汇来推断标题
分析选项,则答案一日了然。
三、词义猜测题解题技巧
词义猜测是考查阅读理解能力的一个重要方面,拿握一定的猪测技巧,对突破中考 阅读理解,提高英语请言能力都有非靠重要的意久,俊同义情测葱一般可利用以 下方法:
1.根据定义 测词义。定义的影式通常有:用一个句子或段落给生 定义:使用破析 号、曾号、分号后的内容和引号.号中的内容对生词加 解释或定义,例:1n f et. only about 80 ocelots,an endangered(蔗临绝种的)wild cat, live in the U.S, oday. 由同位语an endengere wildca我们很快猜出生词 celoxs指一种海临灭绝的了躺一些泪义猜测的方法
固然好,但是倘若平时养成 野猫
积累莫话词汇的习惯,岂不 2.根据半例猜测词义。怡当的举 能够提供情测词义的重要线索-xucas.like. 是更省时、省力。
epeciall.forexamp'e等是 猜测词义的标志词,例:Mother wastall,fat and》 middle aged. The head of school was an old woman,almost as plump as Mother, butmuch  horter .根据上文可知plump是fat的同义词,意为"肥脾的"。
3.根据因果关系猜测词义。根据语境,由原因演绎出结果,由结果推断出原因.从而推 断出生词的意义,例:I'm starving.I'm nervous about my exams tomorrow and1
hink thut's making me hungry,从后面的结果Ithinktht's mak ing me hung y可
推断出starving意为"挨饿"
4.根据构词法猜测词义。可以依靠构词法方面的知识.从生词本身猜测词义,由一个 词根加上前缓或后缓梅成一个新的单词,而能缓和后出处猜测英语单词的重要依 据。例,Ir is impolite to sing while I'm talking to you.前级im-表示否定意义.polite 意为"礼貌的",据此推断impolite意为"粗鲁的,不礼貌的"。
5 根据词性变化猜测词义,英语中一些单词可通过改变词性引申出新的意义,例:
The ot er teams,diappointed.wer on the buw eading home,head本为名词.农