Australia-born Christchurch shooter Brenton Harrison Tarrant's manifesto "The Great Replacement" named after the French far-right theory of the same name quoted Pope Urban II (who ordered The First Crusade) and his speech demanding the retaking of Jerusalem, the death of 11-year-old Swedish girl Ebba Akerlund, NATO involvement in Kosovo, a desire to retake Istanbul (aka Constantinople) from Turkey to have in Christian hands and the motives listed was in his own words revenge against Islam.