Apart from the University of Malaya and the MARA University of Technology which were established by two separate enabling Acts of Parliament, the other public universities in Malaysia were created by executive order as per the provisions of the [http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/EN/Act%2030%20-%20Universities%20and%20University%20Colleges%20Act%201971.pdf Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 <nowiki>[Act 30]</nowiki> (online version as at 1 August 2012)].