A 1999 study by Thomas Whigham from the University of Georgia and Barbara Potthast (published in the "Latin American Research Review" under the title "The Paraguayan Rosetta Stone: New Evidence on the Demographics of the Paraguayan War, 1864–1870", and later expanded in the 2002 essay titled "Refining the Numbers: A Response to Reber and Kleinpenning") has a methodology to yield more accurate figures.