Artillery support came from the 12th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery with twenty-four 25-pounder () field guns, capable of providing fire support out to a range of and covering most of the island while remaining in protected static positions.<ref name="Greene/Massignani68">Greene/Massignani, p. 68</ref> Malta's fixed defences included nineteen heavy coastal guns (varying in size from 12-inch to 16-inch, although these Victorian era weapons were all decommissioned), 130 smaller coastal guns (6-pounder to 9.2-inch) and 112 heavy and 144 light anti-aircraft guns.