According to the abstract for a doctoral dissertation by Vladimir Nikolaevich Kharkov, a sample of 52 Nivkhs (Нивхи) from Sakhalin Oblast (Сахалинская область) contained the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 71% (37/52) C3*-M217(xC3c-M77/M86, C3d-M407), 7.7% (4/52) O3a*-M324(xO3a3c-M134), 7.7% (4/52) Q-M242(xQ1a3-M346), 5.8% (3/52) D-M174, 3.8% (2/52) O-M175(xO2-P31, O3-M122), 1.9% (1/52) O2-P31, and 1.9% (1/52) N1c1-M46/M178.