The Colchian rain forests are mixed, with deciduous black alder "(Alnus glutinosa)", hornbeam ("Carpinus betulus" and "C. orientalis"), Oriental beech ("Fagus orientalis"), and sweet chestnut "(Castanea sativa)" together with evergreen Nordmann fir ("Abies nordmanniana", the tallest tree in Europe at 78 m), Caucasian spruce ("Picea orientalis") and Scots pine ("Pinus sylvestris").