During the governorship of Daniel Scioli in Buenos Aires, Cafiero worked as a consultant in the Subsecretariat of Municipal Affairs (2007–2008), and then went on to serve as the Province's Director of Industry from 2008 to 2010, Subsecretary of Industry, Commerce and Mining from 2010 to 2011, Vice-minister of Social Development and Subsecretary of Social Policies from 2011 to 2014, and Subsecretary of Modernization from 2014 to 2015.