The "Regia Marina" had made some efforts to rectify this situation by equipping the battleship "Littorio" with an experimental E.C.-3/bis "Gufo" (Owl) radar apparatus in August 1941, but the unit was considered unreliable (not until September 1942 did "Littorio" receive a standardised production-version "Gufo" with better performance; this set could detect surface ships at a range of and aircraft out to a range of ).