text: The Body Work and Massage Source has been providing rejuvenating and relaxing treatments for Lincoln Park locals since 2001.
  Some of the most popular treatments at The Body Work and Massage Source are the therapeutic massage, a massage session customized to your special needs, our body scrub and 30 minute massage combo.
  Peruse our Services and discover how The Body Work and Massage Source can help you look and feel your best.
  At Mass Ballet we know it is important to practice and be repetitive in that practice. How do we make this fun and enjoyable for dancers, teachers and parents? We perform! With the end goal of a performance or presentation we are all working on the same goal with similar drive. Dancers are happy to work on things like tendus and plies when they have a tangible and fun goal which includes something that they love! For this reason we have a lot of opportunities for the dancers to perform individually, as a team and even have the chance to perform with peers outside of their classroom to gain more friendships and inspiration.
  Our youngest dancers in our 1st Steps Division (Creative Movement) have 3 Peek Weeks which are held the last day of each of the 3 Sessions (December, March, June).
  All other dancers (Pre-Ballet/Kindergarten and up) have 2 stage performances during the year along with two in-class demonstrations/presentations.
  Preparations for our annual production of The Nutcracker begin in September. Those wishing to participate must attend the scheduled audition. Rehearsals for this ballet are outside of class time.
  At the end of the first semester, which is after Winter Break (see calendar of important dates.) Pre-Ballet and up have a peek week, where you can invite family and friends to watch, film, take pictures of your dancers classes.
  During 2nd Semester Pre-Ballet and up begin to work on a school wide Spring Story Ballet. This story ballet is cast by class with any lead or linking parts being performed by The Mass Ballet Ensemble. Costumes for this ballet are provided by Mass Ballet just like in Nutcracker though dancers do have to wear their own undergarments, ballet tights, shoes and other small items.
  At the end of the year Pre-Ballet and Up prepare Presentation Classes to be presented in the classroom to friends and family. This is a set class of material to show some of the growth and development during the year along with a short performance piece.
  When I was a kid, I always wanted to learn a martial art. Later when I was in college I took a martial arts class offered by a local dojo for a semester. The class disintegrated when instructor failed to show up in the spring. Fast forward almost 20 years to some gray hairs and a bad back. In the spring of 2003 my bad back was diagnosed as myofascial pain which would require exercise and stretching. I asked my therapists about karate and she thought it was a great way to strengthen my core. Thus began my training that began rather poorly some two decades earlier.
  Karate training has been great. Not only is my back feeling much better than before, but on the whole, I'm in much better physical shape. I can feel the difference on the volleyball court or when out for a run. Be it kihon, kata or kumite, training never feels boring or repetitive; it is always challenging and educational. With each class, I gain a better appreciation and understanding for the various drills we go through and greater respect for what it takes to be really great at the art.
  Classes with Sensei are both light and intense at the same time. The environment is easy going and not imposing while the drills can be extremely tough and demanding. This is not for the faint of heart, nor for the lazy. You do need to work, you will sweat, you will ache, and in return you will be that much better all around. In the end you are only limited by your desire to be better.
  Since I've started training over two year now and I can say with certainty that the training has made me quicker, stronger, more flexible, and improved my overall stamina. All that and it's fun too!
  Karate at the Borough's Y with Sensei is a challenging and awarding program for me and my 2 children, Ryan (11) and Wilhelmina (9). The workouts are tough and learning the techniques of both Kumite and Kata are an ongoing challenge for all three of us, but there is a great sense of pride and satisfaction in the progress we've made. My son, Ryan knows he is in pretty good shape, through the drills and practices he does in the dojo. His sense of self protection with the techniques of Karate gives him an inner calm and self control that wasn't there before. This doesn't mean he doesn't still tease his 2 younger sisters, he just gets bored of it sooner. My daughter Wilhelmina is more challenged with the discipline needed to practice this art of self defense. She has improved greatly in her ability to remain focused on the task at hand while still enjoying the classes. As for me. I have neither the flexibility of my daughter nor the focus of my son. I keep showing up for class to keep in shape both mentally and physically as I pass through my forties. For us the Karate program has become a rewarding event we do together as a family.
  I wanted to thank you for calling our Michael and Evan during last night's belt test. It made Michael feel pretty special and proud of his achievements. He talked about it the whole way home, and was practicing his Kata this morning before school. You do a great job with the kids. It has to be tough managing the different personalities and ages, but you manage to keep everyone motivated and engaged... That's great." -- Massdojo Parent
  "I just wanted to reach out and say what a great event I thought it was. It has been a long time since I went to a traditional tournament and it was great to see the judging taken so seriously. It helps validate the hard work that many of the competitors put in before and during the event. I was also struck by the support that all of the people gave to the kids by clapping for everyone and not just their child. The behavior of all the parents during the Kumite was awesome and an improvement on when I was a kid.
  "I just wanted to say thank you for helping and supporting Arun achieve one of her non academic personal goals, it means alot to her. Both Ronnie and I feel very lucky to have you as her Sensei, she admires and respects you tremendously."
  Let me allow myself to show my greatest thank to you!Thank you for being so patient with us, not greatest students of yours.Thank you for being so caring person and make sure that nobody is left behind. Thank you for being so dedicated to what you are doing. This is really a big motivation to want to come to your class, even though life sometimes does built its obstacles ;-)And BTW, Khazhismel looks forward to coming to the class more then ever, and this is after he almost quit! So, thank you again! And Lou for his Thursday."
  "I look forward to future events and going back to the traditional schools I work with to let them know my own positive experience." -- from the parent of a junior competitor
  "I just wanted to thank-you for putting on a well run tournament that was in the true spirit of traditional martial arts. It was pleasure to compete and network on Sunday. " -- from an adult competitor
  "Thanks for sending me the photo of Austin on your back while you are doing push-ups. You are truly a good sport, and a great teacher! By the way, Austin left class this week, and unsolicited said to me, "Mom, this was the best Karate class." When I asked why, he replied, "Because I'm getting more confident."As a parent it doesn't get much better than hearing this kind of statement. Thanks for all you do for all the children!"
  I just have to say how happy I am that we joined your karate program. My husband and I feel very strong about respect and discipline in our home. It is nice to have those same values continue into their sports activities. I read your email about having 2 classes per week in the Fall. It will be tough with Jakob's other activities (Flag Football, Soccer, Catechism, and Indoor Soccer), but we will find a way to make it work. Keep up the good work!
  Congratulations winning the National Karate Championship! It is a great bonus to have a champion teach our kids. I think your class is successful because of your mix of humor and serious karate. The word spreads. Steven really enjoys your class and we often crack up laughing about different things you have said in class. Keep up the good work.
  "We wanted to thank you for the time you have taken with him. The style in which you run your class has been a wonderful experience for Brian. He's had a rough year in school with bullying (just verbal teasing at the moment) and with making friends. He really feels accepted at karate and that has made a huge difference for him. Even if he never "masters the art" just being there is great for his self esteem. The other students have been so supportive of him. He was so excited the first day he was allowed to spar and the kids cheered him on. That just made his year!" "P.S. He has truly enjoyed your class; I think he finds you to be a very motivating (and funny!) teacher."
  My initial interest in karate was for self defense. But after a couple months, I began to understand that karate is so much more than just combat techniques. Not only am I having a great time, learning a lot, and getting in much better shape, but I continue to be amazed at how much this training inspires me in other areas of my life. I attribute this to the quality of instruction; Sensei is without exaggeration a gifted teacher, and his instructors always impress me with their knowledge and talent.
  I started Aiki-Jitsu with Sensei, 4 years ago. When my daughter and I walked into that first class we were so intimidated. All these young people were wearing the white uniforms with colored belts. We were in way over our heads. But I’ve always taught my daughter about commitment. We paid for 10 weeks. We were staying for 10 weeks.
  Well, since then, except for when my daughter took time off to have a baby, we have never missed a session!
  Sensei is why we keep coming back. He sees what you perceive to be your limits and pushes you beyond them. He challenges you and encourages you. We work out with a diverse group of people so we have opportunity to try our techniques on individuals of various heights and weights.
  After four years, I am preparing for my test for my black belt. I have come so far from being intimidated by all those colored belts. I'm not afraid. I know I would defend myself if I ever needed to.
  The qualities or collection of qualities in a person or thing which gives great pleasure to the senses and thus stirs ones emotions. In the 19th century beauty was considered to be the exclusive, or else by far the main, concern in the philosophy of art. But over the past century aesthetics has expanded to include a great many other concerns, such as questions about what sort of thing a work of art is, why art is so important to human beings and why it has such a great impact on us, what the relation is between art and society, and so forth. Even the answer to the question “What makes a work of art a good work?”, which was formerly assumed to be simply beauty has now been greatly expanded to include things such as the effect of the work upon society, the degree to which the work influences other artists, etc. In short, beauty, while still quite important in aesthetics, is no longer all-important.
  One of the founders of the German Social-Democratic Party, and a prominent leader of it and the Second International. He was President of the Union of German Workers’ Associations from 1867 on, a member of the First International and an elected Deputy to the North German and Imperial Reichstags. He opposed the Lassalleans, and during the Franco-Prussian War took a proletarian internationalist stand. He was a friend and associate of Marx and Engels and for the most part he actively opposed revisionism and reformism.
  1. [In psychology and ethology (the study of animal behavior):] The view that a scientific approach to the study of mind should not discuss any internal mental states, but should rather simply focus on outward observable behavior. (However, often those psychologists who favor this approach also uphold behaviorism in the philosophical or so-called “logical” sense as well: see definition 2.) Among the well-known behaviorist psychologists were J. B. Watson (1878-1958) and B. F. Skinner (1904-1990).
  2. [In philosophy; also known as “logical behaviorism”:] An erroneous naive materialist theory of the mind, which holds that for a person or animal to exhibit mental states or capacities is just for it to have certain behavioral dispositions. Behaviorism thus in effect denies the existence of mental phemonena. While it is true that mental phenomena have a material basis in the processes and functioning of the brain, it is absurd to deny the existence of these phenomena or to imagine that our internal recognition of them is some sort of invalid fantasy, as the behaviorists suggest.
  A traditional form of Chinese opera which originally developed during the period 1790 to 1828 during the Qing Dynasty, and has been widely viewed as one of most refined expressions of Chinese culture. Besides stage setting, music, singing, dance and drama it also frequently includes elements of ballet and even acrobatics. Works in this genre are often historical and cover the entire history of China. But for revolutionaries the most important era was that of Revolutionary Peking Opera during the Chinese Revolution and the Mao years of the People’s Republic, and especially the period of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing took a special interest in promoting the revolutionizing of this art form. Among the classic Revolutionary Peking Operas created and staged during this period are: “Shachipang”, “Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”, “The Red Lantern”, “The White-haired Girl”, and “On the Docks”. Probably the most famous of all (though it may be considered more of a ballet than an opera) was “The Red Detachment of Women”, the film version of which not only promotes revolutionary politics but features absolutely superb dancing.
  When the capitalist-roaders seized power in a coup d’état after Mao’s death one of the first moves they made with regard to Beijing Opera was to try to deny the important role Jiang Qing had played. But as they moved to the right they soon rejected the works of Revolutionary Peking Opera almost entirely. Starting in 1978 they tried to reintroduce the older (especially pre-revolutionary) works of Beijing Opera again, including via television performances, but the interest and support of this art form based on those old or non-revolutionary themes rapidly diminished and has by now almost disappeared.
  American bourgeois sociologist best known for his theories of so-called “post-industrialism” (a term which he coined). His early career was spent as a journalist on various establishment magazines, including 10 years working for the corporate business magazine Fortune.
  A favorite theme in bourgeois sociology is that capitalist ideology has triumphed for all time and that all other ideologies, and especially Marxism, are now “dead”. The ruling class therefore welcomed with open arms his influential book The End of Ideology (1960) which proclaimed the “exhaustion” of non-bourgeois ideas. His obituary in the Economist (Feb. 5, 2011) wryly noted, however, that “His timing could hardly have been worse: the 1960s was one of the most ideologically charged decades in American history.” And, indeed, we are now once again entering another period of rising anti-capitalist ideology, as is inevitable when capitalism sinks into crisis.
  In his book The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (1973), Bell noted the ongoing relative expansion of service industries (as compared with manufacturing), the growth of technology industries (as compared with old-line industries), the rise of what are now often called “knowledge workers” (as opposed to blue-collar and clerical workers), and the waning of the class struggle in the United States. The first and second of these trends were indeed occurring, but in characterizing this as the rise of “post-industrial society” Bell failed to appreciate the absolutely essential nature of the continuing manufacturing base in any economy. The long-term gradual destruction of the manufacturing base in the United States, which has been going on for decades now, has become one major aspect of its extremely serious structural crisis.
  Bell’s third idea, about the rise of “knowledge workers” was also true for a time. But we are now in a period when even “knowledge work” is in very serious decline in the U.S. One reason is the offshoring of more and more of this work overseas. The other, deeper, reason is that computers are now leading to the automation of not just manufacturing and clerical jobs, but also ever-growing numbers of “high-tech” jobs. Bell’s fourth idea, about the decline of the class struggle in the U.S. also reflected a temporary phenomenon, which was only possible because of the expansion of American imperialism and the intensified exploitation of other countries. In recent decades, and especially since the collapse of the “New Economy” bubble around 2001, the ruling class has been forced to spread around ever fewer crumbs from the imperialist banquet table to the U.S. working class. In general Bell recognized some contemporary socioeconomic trends circa 1970, but did not begin to understand the limits of those trends.
  Bell’s book The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism (1976) worries that capitalist culture promotes insatiable desires for endless self-gratification by people, which might destroy the work ethic which he, like Max Weber, claims was a major factor in the development of capitalism. In fact, this type of unrestrained consumerism has helped promote huge debt bubbles which have allowed capitalism to avoid sinking into a new depression for as long as it has. Capitalism needs debt bubbles to function at all, and a culture which promotes such bubbles is therefore also necessary to it—despite the obvious fact that all such bubbles must burst in the end.
  Daniel Bell considered himself to be a social democrat at least through the 1970s, and as late as 1978 wrote that “I am a socialist in economics, a liberal in politics, and a conservative in culture.” However, this was always the absurdly phony “socialism” of those who think that socialism is compatible with capitalism. Bell served on a couple Presidential advisory commissions in the 1960s and 1970s, and was a life-long ideologist of the bourgeoisie. He was always totally opposed to genuine socialism and social revolution.
  A logical demonstration, derived by physicist John S. Bell, from the axioms and postulates of quantum mechanics, that one or the other of the following two options must be true:
  1) We must deny that particles (and other, larger quantum mechanical entities) have any definite properties until they are measured; or
  2) We must allow that the separate and isolated particles in the universe are somehow connected with others distantly located in a way which allows instantaneous communication between them. (This option seems to violate Special Relativity.)
  Bell’s Theorem has been used to argue for the absurd Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics and against any possible validity for the Hidden-Variables Interpretation. Obviously neither option is very palatable to materialists, though perhaps the second is slightly less repulsive than the first.)
  However, several lines of opposition to the conclusions of Bell’s Theorem are possible. For example, the conclusions seem to only hold within the framework of quantum mechanics. If there is some way to investigate particles (or other aspects of the physical world) in a non-quantum-mechanical way, then Bell’s Theorem may not even apply. Moreover, we know that in the macro world we have all sorts of ways of investigating reality in non-quantum-mechanical ways. The issue would then be whether or not there are similar methods to investigate the micro world.
  Another possible line of opposition to Bell’s Theorem may lie in simply rejecting or reformulating one or more of the axioms and postulates that Bell used to prove his theorem.
  Yet another line of attack on this apparently idealist theorem is to demand some coherent explanation of what “measurement” is supposed to amount to in quantum mechanics. (This has never yet been completely clarified.) We should by no means just assume that Bell’s Theorem is actually sound and applicable to all of reality. Personally, I’m quite sure that one of these forms of criticism of the Theorem will shoot it down in the end.
  A law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1946 which re-established U.S. imperialist economic domination of the Philippines after World War II, and in effect restored U.S. economic control of the Philippines. The act had five major provisions: 1) It established reciprocal free trade (which favors the dominant country) until 1954, after which gradually increasing duties could be imposed on both sides until 1973 when full trade tariffs could be imposed; 2) The Philippines was prohibited from imposing taxes on exports to the U.S.; 3) Absolute quotas (limits) were imposed on 7 important Philippine exports to the U.S. (including sugar, coconut oil, hemp and tobacco); 4) It established a pegged rate of exchange between the Philippine peso and the dollar, so that the Philippines could not alter the exchange rate or impose restrictions on the transfer of money to the U.S. [In other words the U.S. had control over the Philippine currency.]; and 5) Granted the U.S. President the authority to suspend any part of the act if he should decide that the Philippines was discriminating in any way against U.S. citizens or business interests.
  At the same time the U.S. Congress passed the Philippine Rehabilitation Act which provided $620 million in war damage payments to the Philippines, but only on the condition that the Philippines agreed to the Bell Trade Act. (This was the carrot that the U.S. dangled along with their big stick.) Part of this act also required “parity rights” for U.S. citizens in the Philippines equal to the economic rights of Filipinos in their own country. The Bell Trade Act enraged many Filipinos, but the compliant Philippine government voted to accept it. In 1955 the Bell Trade Act was modified by the somewhat less onerous Laurel-Langley agreement.
  A major economic and political program by contemporary capitalist-imperialist China to expand trade with, and economic penetration into, other countries, especially in Asia and Europe. This program was first formally proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2013. It focuses on expanding trade and eliminating obstacles to trade, but also promotes economic policy coordination with other countries and more financial integration with them under Chinese leadership. Major efforts to expand and improve transportation and communication facilities between China and other countries are also involved. As of October 2017 more than 100 countries have agreed to support and participate in this plan; more than 50 countries have already signed cooperation agreements with China related to this initiative; and China has already built 56 economic and trade cooperation zones in over 20 “Belt & Road” countries.
  This Initiative is a major part of the growing internationalization of Chinese-based capital and an important part of the ever expanding Chinese economic challenge to the older imperialist powers, especially the United States.
  English moral philosopher and judicial reformer, and one of the main founders of utilitarianism. Bentham, more than anyone, was responsible for giving utilitarianism its bourgeois, hedonist twist.
  Marx appropriately calls Bentham “an arch-Philistine” and an “insipid, pedantic, leather-tongued oracle of the ordinary bourgeois intelligence of the 19th century”. In a footnote he adds: “With the dryest naivete he [Bentham] takes the modern shopkeeper, especially the English shopkeeper, as the normal man. Whatever is useful to this queer normal man, and to his world, is abolutely useful. This yard-measure, then, he applies to past, present, and future.... [Bentham is] a genius in the way of bourgeois stupidity.” —Marx, Capital, vol. I, ch. XXIV, sect. 5: (International, pp. 609-610; Penguin, pp. 758-9.)
  Reactionary religious and idealist philosopher and mystic. In his youth he became what was called a “Legal Marxist”, but afterwards became very hostile to Marxism and the revolution. His philosophy has sometimes been characterized as a type of Christian existentialism. For a few years after the October Revolution he was permitted to continue writing and lecturing in Russia. But in 1922 he was exiled via a “Philosophers’ Ship” because of his unrestrained hostility to socialism and the Soviet Union.
  Irish philosopher and Anglican bishop. Berkeley (whose name is pronounced “bark-lee”) was an exponent of subjective idealism, and held that everything in the world is dependent for its existence upon being in someone’s mind, or in the mind of God.
  A prominent American bourgeois economist who was appointed by President George W. Bush to succeed Alan Greenspan as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on February 1, 2006. Four years later President Obama reappointed Bernanke for a second 4-year term. Bernanke has overseen the Federal Reserves’s greatest increase in power since its initial creation in 1913. But he was incapable of preventing (or to this point resolving) the great financial crisis that developed so ferociously in the fall of 2008.
  Bernanke is supposed to be one of the greatest “authorities” on the financial and economic aspects of the Great Depression of the 1930s, but as the following quotation shows, he doesn’t even understand the basic cause of that Depression. In a speech in honor of the ultra-reactionary bourgeois economist, Milton Friedman, he said:
  “Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton and Anna [Schwartz, Friedman’s coauthor]: Regarding the Great Depression. You’re right, we did it. We’re very sorry. But thanks to you, we won’t do it again.” —FRB Speech: Remarks by Governor Ben S. Bernanke, At the Conference to Honor Milton Friedman, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, November 8, 2002.
  Thus Bernanke does not even recognize that depressions are inherent in the capitalist mode of production! Instead, like most bourgeois economists, he thinks the (last) Great Depression was entirely due to “mistakes” on the part of government officials. Meanwhile, he is in charge of the U.S. economy as it stumbles in the direction of the next Great Depression! While the massive Keynesianism of both the Bush and Obama administrations, which Bernanke supported, is indeed mitigating the current crisis for a while and to a degree, that crisis is still developing, and—with ups and downs—will continue to do so. In the end Bernanke and his fellow bourgeois economists will be left scratching their heads and wondering, “What the hell happened?!”
  A prominent German social-democratic revisionist theoretician and politician, who led the Social-Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) into what he called “evolutionary socialism” and what we revolutionary Marxists recognize as mere bourgeois liberal reformism.
  A revisionist trend in international Social-Democracy which arose in Germany at the end of the 19th century and which is named after one of its most prominent advocates, Eduard Bernstein. Bernstein strove to revise the revolutionary heart out of Marxism in the spirit of bourgeois liberalism. In Russia Bernsteinism took form as “Legal Marxism”, “Economism”, Bundism and Menshevism. Similar trends have developed in other countries.
  “The essence of the ‘new’ trend, which adopts a ‘critical’ attitude towards ‘obsolete dogmatic’ Marxism, has been clearly enough presented by Bernstein and demonstrated by Millerand [who gave up revolution and joined the capitalist government].
  “[According to them] Social-Democracy must change from a party of social revolution into a democratic party of social reforms. Bernstein has surrounded this political demand with a whole battery of well-attuned ‘new’ arguments and reasonings. Denied was the possibility of putting socialism on a scientific basis and of demonstrating its necessity and inevitability from the point of view of the materialist conception of history. Denied was the fact of growing impoverishment, the process of proletarisation, and the intensification of capitalist contradictions; the very concept, ‘ultimate aim’, was declared to be unsound, and the idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat was completely rejected. Denied was the antithesis in principle between liberalism and socialism. Denied was the theory of the class struggle, on the alleged grounds that it could not be applied to a strictly democratic society governed according to the will of the majority, etc.
  “Thus, the demand for a decisive turn from revolutionary Social-Democracy to bourgeois social-reformism was accompanied by a no less decisive turn towards bourgeois criticism of all the fundamental ideas of Marxism.” —Lenin, What Is To Be Done? (February 1902), LCW 5:352-3; (NY: International, 1969), p. 9.
  Norman Bethune was a Canadian surgeon and Communist who worked in Spain in support of the Republic during the Spanish Civil War, and who later went to China to work in the medical core of what became the People’s Liberation Army. He died in China in 1939 of blood poisoning after nicking himself with a scalpel during a long day of operations on wounded soldiers.
  In his early medical career in Canada he recognized that many of the greatest health problems arose because poor people did not have adequate access to the health care system; from the failure of the health system to focus on preventive medicine; and from other consequences of the capitalist social system in general. During the Great Depression of the 1930s Bethune frequently sought out the poor and provided them with free medical care. He was also one of the earliest advocates of a national health care system for everyone (“socialized medicine”).
  While in Spain he developed the world’s first mobile medical unit which administered blood-transfusions and operated on soldiers near the front lines, thus saving many lives. In China he further developed this idea into more complete mobile surgical hospitals which saved the lives of a great many revolutionary soldiers. (Other armies later copied this idea, including the United States Army which developed its “Mobile Army Surgical Hospital” (M.A.S.H.) units late in World War II and more extensively in Korea and other imperialist wars.)
  After his death, Mao Zedong immortalized Bethune’s internationalist revolutionary spirit in a very famous essay, “In Memory of Norman Bethune” [available online at: http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_25.htm ]. Ever since then Norman Bethune has been an inspiration to both the Chinese people, and to all Communists around the world.
  “[Comrade Norman Bethune] arrived in Yenan in the spring of last year, went to work in the Wutai Mountains, and to our great sorrow died a martyr at his post. What kind of spirit is this that makes a foreigner selflessly adopt the cause of the Chinese people’s liberation as his own? It is the spirit of internationalism, the spirit of communism, from which every Chinese Communist must learn....
  “Comrade Bethune and I met only once. Afterwards he wrote me many letters. But I was busy, and I wrote him only one letter and do not even know if he ever received it. I am deeply grieved over his death. Now we are all commemorating him, which shows how profoundly his spirit inspires everyone. We must all learn the spirit of absolute selflessness from him. With this spirit everyone can be very useful to the people. A man’s ability may be great or small, but if he has this spirit, he is already noble-minded and pure, a man of moral integrity and above vulgar interests, a man who is of value to the people.” —Mao, “In Memory of Norman Bethune” (Dec. 21, 1939), SW2:337-8.
  The main parliamentary party in India which represents right-wing Hindu nationalism, and desires the establishment of a theocratic Hindu state. The largest force in the network of organizations behind the BJP is the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which is a fascist Hindu nationalist organization. The BJP/RSS/etc. groups seek to gather support from Hindus by attacking non-Hindus, and have been behind most of the “communal violence” that has been so frequent and horrific in India.
  A voluntary land reform movement in India started by Archarya Vinoba Bhave in 1951. It was launched in the same naïve spirit of the philosophy of Mohandas K. Gandhi, and begged the landlords to simply give some of their excess land to the landless poor. A few did so, out of guilt or to appear beneficent or else from fear that they might otherwise lose all of their land through mass violence. However, compared to the great need for land by the poor, only a pittance was donated. Moreover, much of the donated land was of poor quality, and actually unsuitable for agriculture. Even worse, much of the supposedly “donated” land was actually given in name only, with the rich landlords retaining possession and control in reality.
  For a recent Times of India report (Dec. 10, 2009) describing how farmers who have supposedly been the “beneficiaries” of this “Land Gift Movement” are now completely disillusioned and turning to revolution, see: “Bhoodan Farmers Ready to Emulate Maoists”