text: 2 Our mission We further the mission of the University of Cambridge by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. We value To progress towards our mission, our strategy has five main elements: High standards of learning and scholarship Delivering for our customers and authors Creativity and innovation Integrity, personal and financial responsibility Collaboration and openness.
  3 Achievement through excellence We at Cambridge University Press International Education are driven by a simple imperative: to work alongside educators and learners to provide individuals with accessible, inspirational learning resources that lead them to a lifetime of achievement. We are proud to share the goldstandard tradition and contemporary relevance of the University of Cambridge. For us, academic rigour, innovative thinking and leading edge practices are crucial aspects of delivering the excellent, fully rounded education that the 21st-century learner demands. Cambridge University Press is a world-leading international education publisher, providing educational materials, resources and services to teachers and learners, from ages 3-19, in over 160 countries. We are a not-for-profi t organisation and follow the core values of the University of Cambridge, ensuring all of our publishing reflects the Cambridge standards around encouraging and supporting critical thinking, thinking skills, problem solving and creativity. Through our comprehensive and high-quality print, digital and online resources, we aim to enable thousands of learners worldwide to advance their learning, knowledge and abilities, and to successfully pass their exams and assessment criteria. We work with innovative and aspiring authors with extensive knowledge of the education market and curriculum developments. Our teachers and learners can expect support and customer care from a dedicated specialist global team of representatives and agents. In an ever-changing global educational environment, Cambridge University Press aims to innovate, inspire and lead the way in educational excellence. education.cambridge.org
  4 A view from the publisher why we have commissioned Cambridge Primary Science An enquiry-based, language-rich approach to learning with an international focus Methodology and approach Cambridge Primary Science is a flexible series that can be used to support a range of teaching methods in different settings. We do this by offering a variety of ideas for activities to support teaching and learning of each objective in the curriculum framework, from which you can select those most suited to your learners. In keeping with the Cambridge International Examinations curriculum framework, Cambridge Primary Science strongly supports a science curriculum in which enquiry is central. Support for the scientific enquiry learning objectives is embedded across the series, with full guidance for teachers on how to develop the required skills. Throughout, activities are suggested that will help learners to discover and investigate scientific concepts for themselves in an engaging way. Cambridge Primary Science is a truly international series, written for a global audience. Exercises focussing on scientific vocabulary and suggestions for classroom discussion are included throughout the series, thus supporting development of language as well as subject knowledge. Examples from a wide range of international settings are included and alternative activities are suggested in case certain materials are hard to come by in your part of the world.
  5 Key features In our Learner s Books, all required learning objectives are covered in an engaging visual layout and suggestions for hands-on activities encourage enquiry-led learning. The Talk about it! features stimulates classroom discussion and the Check your progress questions present assessment opportunities and help learners prepare for the Progression and Checkpoint Tests. In the Activity Books, additional exercises for each topic may be completed in class or set as homework. The exercises help to consolidate understanding, apply knowledge in new situations and develop scientific enquiry skills. Core vocabulary is developed in a dedicated language activity for each unit in Stages 3 to 6. The Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM offers support for using all three components. The teaching ideas offer flexibility with plenty of activity suggestions, as well as guidance on differentiation, assessment and using resources available online. Additionally, a collection of worksheets supports suggested activities. The resource offers flexible delivery, with all content both in print and in editable format on the CD-ROM. We hope you enjoy your sample copy and don t forget to visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary to find out more! The International Education team
  6 Introducing Cambridge Primary Cambridge Primary series In addition to our market-leading titles for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge IGCSE and Cambridge International AS and A Level, we will be publishing an exciting new series for the Cambridge Primary curriculum frameworks developed by Cambridge International Examinations for Stages 1-6 and for the Cambridge Primary English as a Second Language (ESL) curriculum framework developed by Cambridge English Language Assessment. This will complete the learners journey with Cambridge materials from Primary to Pre-University. We are working with Cambridge International Examinations towards endorsement of the brand new suite of products for English, Mathematics and Science. Cambridge Global English will not go through the Cambridge endorsement process as it follows the curriculum framework developed by Cambridge English Language Assessment. About the Cambridge Primary Curriculum Cambridge Primary, typically for 5 11 year olds, gives schools a curriculum framework to develop skills, knowledge and understanding in younger learners. Cambridge Primary provides guidance for curriculum development and classroom teaching and learning. It enables teachers to assess children s learning as they progress with Cambridge Primary Progression Tests. [Cambridge English Language Assessment tests for learners at the Cambridge Primary stage are: Cambridge English Starters, Movers and Flyers and Key English Test (KET) for schools]. About Cambridge Primary Science Cambridge Primary Science fully covers the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework. The course offers plenty of teaching ideas to give flexibility, allowing teachers to select activities most appropriate to their classroom and learners. An enquiry-based style of teaching and learning is stimulated, with the scientific enquiry objectives integrated throughout to encourage learning of these skills alongside the scientific concepts. The language level is carefully pitched to be accessible to EAL/ESL learners, with concepts illustrated through diagrams to allow visual understanding and learning. There is dedicated support for practising scientific language and vocabulary. Comprehensive teaching support helps teachers to bring all elements of the course together in the classroom. IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.
  7 What is in your free sample? Included you will find a representative sample chapter for two stages of: Cambridge Primary Science Teacher s Resource Book There is another sample booklet available titled Science Booklet 1 which has within it sample chapters for two stages of: Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book To see samples of all stages as they become available simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary What is in the complete series? Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Books Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Science Learner s Book Activity Books Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book Teacher s Resource Books Cambridge Primary Science Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Science Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Science Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Science Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Science Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Science Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM
  8 How do I order, find out more and register my interest? Simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary for more information on the series, extended sample material and to pre-order your copies! Also available for Cambridge Primary Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner s Books Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner s Book Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner s Book Games Books Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM Teacher s Resource Books Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher s Resource Book with CD-ROM We also have a comprehensive range of materials for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level and Cambridge International AS and A Level. Simply visit education.cambridge.org for more information on all these series.
  9 How do I order, find out more and register my interest? Simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary for more information on the series, extended sample material and to pre-order your copies! Also available for Cambridge Primary Cambridge Global English* Learner s Books Cambridge Global English Learner s Book with Audio CD Cambridge Global English Learner s Book with Audio CD Cambridge Global English Learner s Book with Audio CD Cambridge Global English Learner s Book with Audio CD Cambridge Global English Learner s Book with Audio CD Cambridge Global English Learner s Book with Audio CD Activity Books Cambridge Global English Activity Book Cambridge Global English Activity Book Cambridge Global English Activity Book Cambridge Global English Activity Book Cambridge Global English Activity Book Cambridge Global English Activity Book Teacher s Resource Books Cambridge Global English Teacher s Resource Book Cambridge Global English Teacher s Resource Book Cambridge Global English Teacher s Resource Book Cambridge Global English Teacher s Resource Book Cambridge Global English Teacher s Resource Book Cambridge Global English Teacher s Resource Book *Cambridge Global English has not been through the Cambridge endorsement process. We also have a comprehensive range of materials for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level and Cambridge International AS and A Level. Simply visit education.cambridge.org for more information on all these series.
  10 Cambridge PRIMARY Science Teacher s Resource Unit Being alive Jon Board Alan Cross
  11 Unit 1 Background knowledge Teaching ideas Some things are alive, some are dead and some things have never been alive. The characteristics of living things are movement, respiration (needing air), sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion (producing waste) and nutrition (needing food and water). Learners do not need to memorise these characteristics at this stage. But they should start to think about the differences between things that are alive and things that are not. Some objects, such as rainbows and fire, may confuse learners. Be aware that some learners may not have experienced the death of a relative or a pet at this stage. However, some learners will have had this experience, perhaps recently. Treat this topic with care. Living things inhabit local environments. An environment needs to provide food and shelter for animals. An environment needs to provide suitable soil and the right amount of water and light for plants. (Plants need nutrients from the soil.) Animals and plants also need protection from predators (including humans) to survive. Different animals inhabit the same and different environments. For example, a bat and a pigeon may live in the same local habitat but eat slightly different foods, find food in different ways and sleep in different places. Some animals live in their natural habitats. Some animals are kept in unnatural habitats such as zoos. You may wish to talk about the work zoos undertake in the field of conservation in terms appropriate to the learners age. Animals produce young. These young grow into healthy adults who themselves produce young. Plants also have young. They produce seeds in the flower which are dispersed, for example, by wind or by insects. Insects also help in the fertilisation of seeds. The reproduction of plants is beyond the scope of this unit, but learners may ask about it. Humans need a healthy diet. Some foods are healthy, for example, fruit and vegetables contain fibre, minerals and vitamins. Other foods are less healthy, for example, high sugar foods. Too many of these foods can lead to tooth decay and obesity. A healthy lifestyle is important and includes healthy food choices, exercise and the right amount of sleep. Remember that learners at this stage will not have much control over their diet. Treat this subject carefully. Cambridge Primary Science 1 11
  12 Unit 1 Teaching ideas Unit overview Topic 1.1 Animals and plants alive! 1.2 Local environments 1.3 Animal babies 1.4 Healthy food and drink Number of lessons Outline of lesson content 2 Learners find out that there are living things and things that have never been alive. 2 Learning about the local environments which suit different animals and plants. Learners explore this for themselves. 2 The focus in this lesson is baby animals and their parents. Learners make a model nursery for an animal of their choice. 2 This lesson looks at the range of healthy and less healthy foods. Resources in Learner s Book Activity 1.1 Su Activity 1.2a Activity 1.2b Ex Activity 1.3 Ex Activity 1.4 L Su Ex Resources in Activity Book Exercise 1.1 L Su Exercise 1.2 L Su Exercise 1.3 L Ex Exercise 1.4 L Su Ex Resources in Teacher s Resource Worksheet 1.1a Ex Worksheet 1.1b L Su Resource sheet 1.1 L Su Worksheet 1.2a Ex Worksheet 1.2b L Su Resource sheet 1.2a L Su Resource sheet 1.2b L Su Resource sheet 1.2c L Su Worksheet 1.3 Ex Resource sheet 1.3a L Su Resource sheet 1.3b L Su Resource sheet 1.3c L Su Worksheet 1.4a Ex Worksheet 1.4b L Su Resource sheet 1.4a Su Resource sheet 1.4b Su Check your progress Questions 1 Su, 2 Su, 3 L, 4 L Worksheet 1.5 L 12 Ex Extension L Language Scientific enquiry Su Support Cambridge Primary Science 1
  13 Resource list bird seed cardboard scissors clipboards (one per pair or group) digital cameras (optional) safe invertebrates, such as snails or woodlice water and food trays modelling material or construction kits glue sticky tape nursery items such as food, water, shelter pictures of food to cut out fruit and vegetable examples, or pictures of food plants that grow locally small samples of fruit skewers Topic 1.1 Animals and plants alive! This topic will allow you to find out about the learners understanding of the range of living things and see whether they understand the distinctions between living and non-living and never been alive. Learning objectives Know that plants and animals are living things. Know that there are living things and things that have never been alive. Try to answer questions by collecting evidence through observation. Record stages in work. Curriculum links This topic links to environmental studies as the learners are looking at the range of living things in the world. This should help them appreciate the beauty and wonder of the natural world and realise that it is something that should be cared for. There is an opportunity to link to mathematics in Activity 1.1 if learners are involved in sorting and classifying living things, comparing their heights and measuring them using standard and nonstandard units. Ideas for the lesson Teaching ideas Unit 1 Look at the picture on page 6 of the Learner s Book and talk about things in the picture that are alive and things that have never been alive. Alternatively, you could use Picture 1.1 on the CD-ROM which includes further examples. Activity 1.1 in the Learner s Book asks learners to go outside and observe living things. Higher achieving learners could use Worksheet 1.1a, which asks them to predict what living things they will find. Making predictions is an important scientific enquiry skill to be developed at this stage. An alternative to making a tour of the school grounds with the learners would be for you to collect examples from around the school, such as pets and plants. Learners should not forget that humans are also living things. So you can talk about adults and young people too. Worksheet 1.1a can be used for this alternative as well. Here, the learners think about the living things they might find, note the living things found and are encouraged to group them into animals and plants, allowing them to practise the science skills of sorting and grouping. Use Exercise 1.1 in the Activity Book to encourage learners to talk some more about living things and non-living things in the context of a pet and garden centre. Learners are asked to talk about how the pet and garden centre owner cares for the animals and plants in her shop. Learners might think about drink, food, space and the home provided for the animals. Or the water and light provided for the plants. Worksheet 1.1b gives further support in talking about living and non-living things. It is set in the context of a farm, which links with the next topic on environments. Resource sheet 1.1 provides the words to learn for this topic. You could use these to support lower achieving learners, or use them to start a wall display for this unit. Learners could produce pictures of animals and plants to go in the alive section of the display, and pictures of, for example, tractors, rocks and clouds, to go in the nonliving section of the display. Cambridge Primary Science 1 13
  14 Unit 1 Teaching ideas Ask learners to tell you about animals and plants that they see in the environment. Talk about the photographs on page 7 of the Learner s Book. Ask learners to identify things that are living and things that are non-living. Picture 1.1 on the CD-ROM might come in useful here as well. Higher achieving learners should be expected to give reasons for their answers; for example, living things need food and water, living things can move, and living things have young. You could end the lesson by asking learners questions such as: Is a rainbow alive? Which is alive, the nest or the bird? Notes on practical activities Activity 1.1 Each pair or group will need: clipboard digital camera (optional). Allow learners the opportunity to observe in the school grounds. Tell them that the search outside is to answer the question What living things can we find? and that they will be collecting evidence through observation (looking). This is a scientific enquiry skill required at this stage. Learners can develop recording skills by making sketches or taking photographs of the living things they find. This will encourage them to look at the plants and animals outside and recognise them as living things (make sure that learners are able to distinguish between living things and non-living things). Focus the learners attention on where plants grow and where animals are observed, for example in trees, under logs or stones and in the soil. Give learners an objective, for example, to find six things. This will encourage them to look harder. Another way to encourage careful observation is to ask questions such as What is the tallest living thing you can observe? This question could also be linked to mathematics if you involve the learners in comparing heights and measuring using non-standard and standard units. Higher achieving learners could use Worksheet 1.1a for this activity. This worksheet asks learners to predict what living things they might find before they start the search and to record those they do. Comparing what happened with predictions is another scientific enquiry skill to be developed at this stage. Check (as far as possible) that the areas that you visit are free from poisonous or stinging plants. Also check for any allergies to plant material and for hayfever. Make sure that learners wash their hands after the activity. Ensure that learners are wellsupervised at all times, particularly in areas where there may be vehicles. Internet and ICT The website p00fxfvq includes a film of baby animals. It would be a great starting point for talking about animals. However, make sure you watch it beforehand to check there is no content that would be inappropriate for your learners. The film is well signposted and you could choose not to use all of it. Assessment Can learners describe animals or plants as living things? Give learners pictures or real examples. Can they talk or write about the features? Can learners identify living things and things that have never been alive? Ask learners to sort pictures of living and nonliving things. They might colour code them. Learners could self-assess their drawings from Activity 1.1. Ask them to say two things that they think are good about them and one thing that they would like to improve. Higher achieving learners could self-assess the accuracy of their predictions about what living things they would find in Activity 1.1, as recorded on Worksheet 1.1a. Differentiation Support lower achieving learners by selecting very familiar examples of living and non-living things and assisting them with vocabulary. As stated previously, Resource sheet 1.1 could be useful for this group of learners. 14 Cambridge Primary Science 1
  15 Higher achieving learners could be asked to make predictions about what living things they might find in Activity 1.1 and record them using Worksheet 1.1a. Common misunderstandings and misconceptions Learners are often confused about whether the following are living things or non-living things: a river, a cloud, a clock, a rainbow, a flame. Homework ideas Worksheet 1.1b. Ask learners to draw four of their favourite living things. These pictures could be used for a wall display for the unit, as suggested as a lesson idea. Answers to Activity Book exercises Exercise 1.1 Learners should colour in everything that is alive, for example like this: Learners are asked to talk about how the pet and garden centre owner cares for the animals and plants in her shop. Learners might think about drink, food, space and the home provided for the animals. Or the water and light provided for the plants. Teaching ideas Unit 1 Results of observation: what living things were found. Sorting: learners create a set of animals and a set of plants. Worksheet 1.1b The following things should be circled: goat, horse, cow, sheep, duck, bird, chicken, goose, trees, flowers, grass and bushes. Topic 1.2 Where do I live? This topic encourages learners to think about the many local environments that animals and plants live in. Living things often share a local environment but live quite different lives. Learning objectives Explore ways that different animals and plants inhabit local environments. Make predictions. Explore and observe in order to collect evidence (measurements and observations) to answer questions. Make comparisons. Compare what happened with predictions. Model and communicate ideas in order to share, explain and develop them. Curriculum links This topic links to environmental education. It is about living things living in local environments. Learners might find out about a local environment and think about the impact which people have, or might have, on it. Activity 1.2b links to design and technology when learners are asked to design a way to help birds. There are opportunities to link to literacy if you use the stories suggested in the ideas for the lesson. Answers to Worksheets Worksheet 1.1a Prediction: accept any sensible suggestions about the living things that might be found. Ideas for the lesson Use the large picture in the Learner s Book on page 8 to find out what learners know about animals and the local environments in which they live. Alternatively, you could use Picture 1.2 on the CD-ROM, which shows a Cambridge Primary Science 1 15
  16 Unit 1 Teaching ideas variety of animals in different environments. If you use this picture you might ask higher achieving learners to suggest why the environments are suitable for the animals shown in the pictures. Suggesting ideas is an important scientific enquiry skill to be developed at this stage. Remind learners about Worksheet 1.1b. What animals were there on the farm? Talk about what a farm does. Point out that some farms produce crops (plants that we eat), some produce animals that we eat (many learners may not make the link between animals on farms and the meat they eat treat this subject with care) and some produce both. You could read the story of The Gruffalo by Julia Donaldson. All the animals have different houses and yet they live in the same woods. They all want to eat the mouse. What else can they eat? Ask learners to talk about animals they see in the local area. These may be pets (animals kept in the home), farm animals and wild animals. Ask them to talk about how wild animals choose where to live and that they must have certain things (food, water, shelter, and so on). Hand out animal pictures to half the class. To the rest, hand out pictures of environments. (You will find suitable pictures on Resource sheets 1.2a and 1.2b.) Ask learners to speak to one another and to match each animal with an environment it could live in. Bring some safe invertebrates, such as snails or woodlice, into class for a few days. Ensure that you care for them well and ask learners to talk about their care. Discuss where these animals are found. Ensure you return the animals to their natural environments after you have studied them, and explain to learners why you must do so. Ask the learners to think back to what they did in the last lesson. Where did they find living things in the school grounds? At this point learners could do Activity 1.2a. This activity introduces learners to environments where plants grow. Ask learners to predict where they might find plants growing in the school grounds. Higher achieving learners could record their predictions on Worksheet 1.2a. Take the class outside to observe plants growing. Focus their attention on where plants do and do not grow. Most schools have birds visiting the site during the school day. Before introducing Activity 1.2b, you might use the extension activity to ask learners to observe (look at) the birds and where they are seen. Learners can then carry out Activity 1.2b to design a feeding station for the birds. Point out that providing food and water makes the environment better for the birds. The availability of food is very important in making an environment suitable for an animal or plant to live in. Exercise 1.2 in the Activity Book involves matching animals to their environments. It allows learners to make comparisons. You could use it to start a discussion or as a quick assessment of learners knowledge and understanding. Worksheet 1.2b could be used to support lower achieving learners. Learners are asked to cut out pictures of animals and stick them or the picture of the environment they live in. Resource sheet 1.2c provides the words to learn for this topic. You could also use these to support lower achieving learners. Add them to the wall display for the unit. Learners could be asked to draw some different environments, things you would find on a farm (for example animals, crops and objects such as tractors), and pets (domestic animals) to add to the display. You could use these questions at the end of the lesson: Where do birds build their nests? Why does a frog live near water? What does a plant need to grow? (The final question is more suitable for higher achieving learners, unless you have already taught Unit 2.) Notes on practical activities Activity 1.2a Each pair or group will need: clipboard digital camera (optional). 16 Cambridge Primary Science 1
  17 Before going outside, learners should predict where they might find plants growing. Allow learners to then examine areas on the school site that are different in character, for example, a place where there is lots of good soil and a place where there is not much soil. Tell them that the search outside is to answer the question Where do plants grow? and that they will be collecting evidence through observation (looking). This is a scientific skill required at this stage. Learners could consider environments that are very unsuitable for plants (a roadway) and more suitable areas (a flower bed or field). Encourage learners to talk about what they observe and to explain what they see. Ask learners to identify the features that plants appear to like, for example, soil to grow in, space to grow, little disturbance and water. Learners can develop the scientific enquiry skill of recording stages in work as they record what they find using drawings, photographs or both. Higher achieving learners can record their predictions and their findings on Worksheet 1.2a. All learners can compare their findings with their predictions. They can also make comparisons between different areas in terms of how many plants they found. Making comparisons and comparing what happened with predictions are both scientific enquiry skills to be developed at this stage. As in Topic 1.1, check (as far as possible) that the areas that you visit are free from poisonous or stinging plants. Also check for any allergies to plant material and for hayfever. Make sure that learners wash their hands after the activity. Ensure that learners are wellsupervised at all times, particularly in areas where there may be vehicles. Activity 1.2b Each pair or group will need: water and food trays bird seed. The resources above can be used to illustrate the requirements for a feeding station. Learners will develop important scientific enquiry skills here associated with modelling and communicating ideas. Teaching ideas Unit 1 Begin by asking the learners to talk about the birds they see on the school site. Encourage them to talk about the different types of birds (describing the differences in appearance, at least). Allow the learners to look outside for a short period of time (five or ten minutes). Can they see birds? Where do they see birds? Ask learners to talk with others and to think about how they might design a bird feeding station. What would they include? A perch? Water? Food? A roof? There is the opportunity here to practise the scientific enquiry skill of modelling and communicating ideas in order to share, explain and develop them. Ask the learners to draw sketches to show their ideas. If you have time, and appropriate materials, then you might ask learners to make the feeding station they have designed. You could challenge learners further by asking them to suggest ways that they could encourage more birds. As well as providing food directly, this could involve sowing seed-bearing plants or plants that will encourage insects. Internet and ICT The website clips/how-have-different-animals-adapted-totheir-habitats/12665.html shows animals in their habitats. Turn the sound down and ask the children to talk about what they see. The film shows lizards, penguins, camels, birds and bats. Make sure that all these are culturally appropriate before using the film. The website bksw.html is an online book about the life of Sebastian Swan. This could lead to thought and discussion about the places that swans and other birds and animals live. The website is the official website for all things connected to The Gruffalo story. Assessment Can learners describe the ways that different plants live in local environments? You might make use of Worksheet 1.2a to elicit the ideas of the learners. Can learners describe the ways that different animals live in (inhabit) local environments? Ask learners to talk about local environments, and how animals live there, for example in a lake, up in a tree, amongst Cambridge Primary Science 1 17
  18 Unit 1 Teaching ideas the bushes. You could use Activity Book Exercise 1.2 to make a quick assessment of learners knowledge. Learners could self-assess Activity 1.2a by thinking about what they did well and what they would like to improve if they repeated the activity. Learners could look at another learner s design for helping the birds in Activity 1.2b and say two things they like about it and one thing that could be improved. Higher achieving learners should be asked to explain how this thing could be improved. Differentiation Lower achieving learners would benefit from being provided with extra support in terms of structure in tasks, modelling and vocabulary support (Resource sheet 1.2c would be useful for this). The matching activity, Exercise 1.2, would be particularly suitable for this group of learners. You could use a story format, as in The Gruffalo or the story about Sebastian Swan. Provide opportunities for learners to talk about what they see. Be prepared to challenge them as appropriate, to give them the opportunity to develop their ideas. Cater for higher achieving learners by asking them to make a number of suggestions and to explain what they think. For example, when talking about a desert environment you might ask them the question: Why don t many plants live here? Common misunderstandings and misconceptions Learners may not realise that wild animals choose where they make a home, for example a nest, very carefully. Learners may not realise that wild animals living in the wrong place will have to move or they will die. Homework ideas Worksheet 1.2b. Exercise 1.2 in the Activity Book. Ask learners to list the living things they can see from a window at home. Answers to Activity Book exercises Exercise 1.2 goat field duck river crab seashore bird tree Answers to Worksheets Worksheet 1.2a Prediction: accept any sensible suggestions about where plants might grow. Results of observation: where plants were found. Worksheet 1.2 b forest: owl, deer, squirrel river and bank: duck, swan, fish seashore: crab, starfish, sea bird, dolphin (Note: fish may be placed here.) Topic 1.3 Animal babies This topic appeals to learners interests in animals and in young animals in particular. It refers to the young of a number of animals and how these young can grow into healthy adults who themselves can have young. Learning objectives Know that humans and other animals produce offspring which grow into adults. Suggest ideas and follow instructions. Record stages in work. Model and communicate ideas in order to share, explain and develop them. Curriculum links This topic only discusses the offspring of humans and animals. However, you could make a link to Unit 2, where young plants are discussed, and point out that plants also have babies. There are links with design and technology as learners will design and make a nursery for young animals. 18 Cambridge Primary Science 1
  19 Ideas for the lesson Talk about the picture of adult and baby animals on page 10 of the Learner s Book. Alternatively, you could use Picture 1.3 on the CD-ROM, which offers the opportunity to extend the examples being considered to include young that look very different to their parents. Talk to the learners about adults and their young, using the questions in the Learner s Book as a guide for the discussion. The picture of the animal nursery illustrates a number of talking points, for example, What are the zoo keepers doing? You could talk about the years of care humans give to their young, then compare this example to that of a baby duck who is only looked after by its parents for a few weeks. If possible, arrange a class visit to either a zoo or a farm to look at animals and their babies. The website AnimalsTwobyTwo/index.html could be introduced at this point. Resource sheets 1.3a and 1.3b provide pictures of baby animals and the adults. Learners could play a matching game using these pictures. This game would be particularly suitable for lower achieving learners. Talk briefly about the needs of animals: shelter, food and water. Activity 1.3 asks learners to make a model of a nursery for an animal. Higher achieving learners could be asked to draw a plan of their nursery before they make it. They could use Worksheet 1.3 to record their ideas and help to develop the scientific enquiry skills of suggesting ideas and recording stages in work. You could use Activity 1.3 to begin a discussion about how to care for young animals and humans. Some learners may have younger siblings or young pets they can talk about. Resource sheet 1.3c gives the words to learn for this topic. These could be used to support lower achieving learners. You could also add them to the wall display for this unit. Ask learners to draw pictures of adult Teaching ideas Unit 1 and baby animals (including humans) for the display. Exercise 1.3 in the Activity Book can be used to reinforce the idea that babies grow. Explain that in time young animals grow into adults. This exercise also extends learning and gives learners the opportunity to practise comparing, predicting, modelling and communicating, and deciding what to do to answer a science question. Play the game: I am a., my babies are called.. For example, I am a cat, my babies are called kittens. This is an opportunity to work on vocabulary. You can use the following questions to summarise the learning in this lesson: Are most young animals like their parents? What is a young goat called? Why do some animals have lots of babies? The last question is particularly suitable for higher achieving learners as it involves understanding the dangers that young animals face in the wild, linking back to Topic 1.2 about environments. Notes on practical activities Activity 1.3 Each pair or group will need: modelling material or a construction kit cardboard scissors glue sticky tape nursery items such as food, water, shelter. Models could be made from paper and card, modelling material, clay or a construction kit. Learners can design an ideal nursery for an animal of their choice. Ask learners to think about what should be included in their nursery, for example, a bed, a shelter, water, food and a space to play. Higher achieving learners could be asked to plan their nursery more carefully and record their ideas on Worksheet 1.3. This activity is an opportunity for learners to talk about the needs of young animals for food, water and shelter. They should suggest, model and communicate ideas. These are all important scientific enquiry skills to be developed. The picture on page 11 of the Learner s Book shows a baby monkey. If learners are unable to think of a baby animal of their own, then they could design a nursery for this baby. Cambridge Primary Science 1 19
  20 Unit 1 Teaching ideas Internet and ICT The website AnimalsTwobyTwo/index.html includes a simple game with photos of baby animals which need to be matched to photos of adult animals. Most of the matches are straightforward and this might be especially beneficial for lower achieving learners. Learners could make a presentation of photos of themselves as babies, or of their younger siblings. Assessment Learners can look at another learner s nursery from Activity 1.3. They should say two things that they like about the design and one thing that they would like to change. Higher achieving learners should be asked to say why and how they would change this one thing. Differentiation Support lower achieving learners by providing many concrete examples and opportunities to talk about what they see and their experiences. Resource sheets 1a c may be useful for these learners. Assist with their vocabulary. This group will find the website mentioned above particularly useful. Cater for higher achieving learners by expecting them to be able to talk about a wide range of animals and their babies. This group could be introduced to the idea of life cycles. Challenge them with more examples, for example by making use of Picture 1.3 on the CD-ROM. Common misunderstandings and misconceptions Some learners may think that babies are identical in every way to the adults they grow in to, but smaller. Explain that babies are often similar to adults, but that they develop as they grow. Some young, particularly invertebrates, and some birds, amphibians and reptiles, are very different from their parents. A wider range of examples can be considered on Picture 1.3 on the CD-ROM. Homework ideas Ask learners to choose two animals, find out something about them and draw pictures of the adult and young. Answers to Activity Book exercises Exercise The baby is growing. 2 Learners should draw a slightly larger footprint. 3 Sheena will need bigger shoes. 4 Accept any sensible suggestions about taking measurements of the baby s hand growth. Answers to Worksheets Worksheet 1.3 Animal: any suitable animals may be chosen. Animal s needs: accept any sensible suggestions, for example, shelter, food, drink, environment. Materials required: accept any suitable suggestions of what materials would be needed. Drawing: learners draw their nursery ideas. Topic 1.4 Healthy food and drink In this topic, learners have the opportunity to think about healthy and less healthy foods. They are asked to think about a range of foods and to compare what they eat themselves to healthy foods. They learn that many foods are good for you, but that some should only be eaten in small quantities at any one time. Learning objectives Know about the need for a healthy diet, including the right types of food and water. Suggest ideas and follow instructions. Record stages in work. Make comparisons. Curriculum links You can make a link to Unit 2 if you explain that fruit and vegetables come from plants. Learners could be encouraged to think about which parts of the plant are used for food. 20 Cambridge Primary Science 1
  21 This topic links to personal and social education and to health education. It focuses on the need for a healthy diet and taking care of our bodies. Ideas for the lesson Ask learners to look at a selection of foods. Resource sheet 1.4 could be helpful here. Discuss with them what the foods are and whether they think the foods are good for you or not so good for you. Sort the foods into three groups, for example: foods which are mostly good for you, foods which are good in some ways but can be a problem if eaten too much and foods which should not be eaten too often. Talk about the picture on page 12 of the Learner s Book. Alternatively, you could use Picture 1.4 on the CD-ROM. There are prompts for discussion in the Learner s Book. These opportunities for talking are very important in science as it is an opportunity to use the science vocabulary and to share and explore ideas. You could use the simplified food pyramid on the website spring2002/focuson/index.html at this point. Show the learners two plates. Put a set of healthy foods on one plate and a set of less healthy foods on the other. Ask learners to talk about the positive and negative effects of different foods, but try to avoid confusion. Activity 1.4 asks learners to develop their recording skills by drawing what they have eaten today and to compare it with a healthy meal. Making comparisons is an important scientific skill to develop at this stage. Ask learners to design their own healthy meal. They could use Worksheet 1.4a to record their ideas. Recording stages in work is a scientific enquiry skill to be developed at this stage. Present learners with a wide range of foods from which they can select foods for a meal. You might ask different groups to deal with breakfast, lunch and an evening meal. Can they talk about good combinations? Can they talk about healthy foods and less healthy foods? They could use pictures of food cut from magazines, or they could choose from the pictures of healthy foods on Resource sheet 1.4a. Teaching ideas Unit 1 This activity is most suitable for higher achieving learners. It asks them to suggest ideas and record their work, both of which are important scientific enquiry skills. The Learner s Book introduces the idea that fruit and vegetables come from plants. You could bring in examples or pictures of food plants that grow locally. Supply food for the learners to make a healthy fruit kebab. You could bring in different types of fruit and cut them into bite-size pieces. Learners can thread the pieces onto skewers. Learners will have the opportunity to handle, talk about and discuss the various fruits. Take care when asking learners to eat in class. Make sure that learners wash their hands before the activity. Check for any food allergies or intolerance. Follow local regulations about handling and preparing food. Be aware that skewers are sharp, so show learners how to use them safely. Use Exercise 1.4 in the Activity Book to encourage learners to think about healthy and less healthy foods. There is an opportunity for learners to add their own ideas. Challenge higher achieving learners to give ideas for breakfast, and then other meals or for a party dinner. Worksheet 1.4b asks children to classify foods as healthy or unhealthy. Assist lower achieving learners by talking through the healthy and unhealthy foods before they try the worksheet. Resource sheet 1.4b gives the words to learn for this lesson. Use it to support lower achieving learners. You could also add to the wall display for this unit by asking learners to draw pictures of sugar, salt, fat, a healthy person doing exercise, and a range of food. Invite a health professional into class to talk the learners about healthy diets. You could use these questions at the end of the lesson to summarise the learning: Should you eat lots of salty foods? Why are sugary foods and drinks bad for you? Why is fruit good for you? Cambridge Primary Science 1 21
  22 Unit 1 Teaching ideas Notes on practical activities Activity 1.4 Each pair or group will need: pictures of food to cut out. Learners should draw what they have eaten today, or stick on pictures of foods that they have eaten. They then compare their plate with a plate of healthy food. Learners should be presented with a wide range of pictures of foods from which they can select foods. You could show learners a plate of healthy food for them to make comparisons with. Alternatively, learners could choose foods from the selection of pictures they have, or they could draw a plate of healthy food Worksheet 1.4a could be used here. You could extend this part of the activity further by asking learners to design their own healthy meal. Look back to the notes in the lesson ideas section for Worksheet 1.4a. Can they talk about good combinations? Can they talk about healthy foods and less healthy foods? If learners decide that what they have eaten today could be healthier, ask them to suggest changes that could make it more healthy. Suggesting ideas is another important scientific enquiry skill. Be aware that learners of this age may not have much control over what they eat at home, so treat this subject with care. Internet and ICT The website spring2002/focuson/index.html contains a useful simplified food pyramid. Assessment Can learners talk about the need for a healthy diet? Are they able to link diet to aspects of good health? Can learners describe examples of the right types of food and water in a healthy diet? For example, you could ask learners to describe a healthy meal for a given person, such as a young child. Show learners a collection of foods. Can they talk about why some are less healthy? For example, sugary drinks can damage your teeth. Learners can self-assess their plate of food from Activity 1.4. Can they say if it is healthy or unhealthy? Learners can look at another learner s design for a plate of healthy food and say whether it is healthy or not. Higher achieving learners should be expected to give reasons to support what they say about the plate. Differentiation Support lower achieving learners by providing real life examples of different foods and making use of posters and prompts with relevant language, and so on. Ensure that learners focus on the different effects that healthy and less healthy foods can have on the body. Cater for higher achieving learners by expecting them to deal with a wider range of food and food categories. Challenge them by expecting them to explain why some foods are healthy and others less so. This group of learners would find the simplified food pyramid particularly useful when explaining their choices when they design their own healthy plate of food. Common misunderstandings and misconceptions Many children are confused by the term diet. They confuse a slimming diet with a healthy diet. Take care with the word fat as many children see it as a descriptive term for overweight people. Explain that is a food type. Be aware that in most households children are not in control of what they eat. Look for ways to communicate positive messages to parents and carers. Homework ideas Worksheet 1.4b. Ask learners to list the foods they eat tonight at home and then describe them as healthy or less healthy foods. 22 Cambridge Primary Science 1
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