text: May 2, 1941; 78 years ago (1941-05-02)
  Jose F. Eka Ortiz (Salary: $250.000 Annual), Executive Director
  Hurricane Maria in September 2017 destroyed PREPA's distribution network, creating a blackout in all parts of the island.[2]
  On January 22, 2018 the governor of Puerto Rico, Ricardo Rossello, announced that all assets of the Authority will be sold in a general privatization of PREPA.
  1.2 Islandwide outages
  PREPA was originally named the Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority (PRWRA)—Spanish: Autoridad de las Fuentes Fluviales (AFF)—which was created by Law No. 83 of May 2, 1941,[3] during the governorship of Rexford G. Tugwell. Government-owned, PRWRA unified diverse regional and local electric power companies into one unified electric grid.
  Maintenance budgetEdit
  Over the years the budget for maintenance, such as clearing trees near power lines, has diminished: in 2007 it was $251 million and in 2014 it was $202 million.[4][5]
  Islandwide outagesEdit
  One of these islandwide outages occurred on September 20, 2016 due to a fire at one of PREPA's plants—Central Aguirre.[6] All of Puerto Rico was without power for three days.
  Hurricanes Irma and MariaEdit
  At the first days of September 2017, the eye of Hurricane Irma passed north of the island. The strong winds left 1 million residents without power. Power had been restored to 980,000 people by September 20, when Hurricane Maria struck, leaving nearly the entire island without power. Two weeks later, power had been restored to about 10% of customers.[7] Full restoration was expected to take months, and many Puerto Ricans bought generators.[8] Electric companies in unaffected areas ordinarily make contracts for speedy assistance to those hit by disaster, but in this case negotiations took weeks.
  The initial $300 million contract for power restoration was given to Whitefish Energy, a Montana company which had only two employees on the day the hurricane struck.[9] The award was controversial on those and other grounds, and was cancelled on October 29. By December 2017, the Army Corps of Engineers had other contractors in place, along with crews brought in through mutual aid agreements with utilities such as Con Edison.[10]
  Six weeks after Hurricane Maria, 30% of customers had been restored.[11] After two months, almost half had been restored.[12]
  On January 6, 2018, representatives of FEMA, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and their armed security details entered a Palo Seco warehouse owned by PREPA to obtain and distribute a massive store of spare parts were needed to restore grid power. PREPA has been accused of hoarding the materials and hence delaying the restoration of power. The equipment has since been distributed.[13]
  On April 18, 2018, an accident at a transmission line knocked out the electrical grid of Puerto Rico. All the island lost power. The following afternoon, PREPA announced that service had been restored to 97% of customers, the same percentage as before this blackout. 40,000 customers were still out of service due to the hurricane seven months earlier.[14]
  With June 1 the official start of the 2018 hurricane season, an estimated 11,000+ customers remained without power, possibly for another two months.[15] Although an estimated $3.8B was spent on power grid work since the September hurricanes, the grid is still considered fragile and vulnerable.[16] PREPA announced a $500M one-year master services agreement with MasTec for further power grid reconstruction and modernization services.[17][18]
  PREPA serves close to 1.5 million customers through several power plants:[19][20]
  AES Ilumina[21] 24 MW solar power private AES Corporation AES Corporation Guayama
  AES Puerto Rico[22] 454 MW coal private AES Corporation AES Corporation Guayama
  Aguirre Combined Cycle[23] 592 MW heavy fuel oil publicly owned PREPA PREPA Salinas
  Aguirre Thermoelectric[23] 900 MW diesel oil publicly owned PREPA PREPA Salinas
  EcoEléctrica[24] 510 MW natural gas private Gas Natural Fenosa, International Power Gas Natural Fenosa Peñuelas
  Oriana Solar Farm[25] 45 MW (58MW(DC)) solar power private Sonnedix Sonnedix Isabela
  Punta Lima 26 MW wind power private Sovereign Bank[26] Gestamp Wind Naguabo
  Salinas Solar Park[27] 16 MW solar power private Sonnedix Sonnedix Salinas
  San Juan Combined Cycle[28] 464 MW diesel oil publicly owned PREPA PREPA San Juan
  San Juan Thermoelectric[28] 400 MW heavy fuel oil publicly owned PREPA PREPA San Juan
  San Fermin Solar Farm[29][30] 27 MW solar power private Uriel Renewables and Coqui Power Uriel Renewables and Coqui Power Loiza
  Santa Isabel Wind Farm[31] 75 MW wind power private Pattern Energy[32] Pattern Energy Santa Isabel
  Windmar Ponce[33] 4.5 MW solar power private Windmar Renewable Energy Windmar Renewable Energy Ponce
  Puerto Rico has 21 hydroelectric plants.[34]
  The public corporation also provides fiber optic broadband to private carriers through one of its subsidiary, PREPA Networks. PREPA is also studying the possibility of selling energy to the United States Virgin Islands with the installation of an underwater power cable between Fajardo and the island of St. Thomas—similar to the power cable with which it services its clients in the island municipalities of Vieques and Culebra.[35]
  There are four labor unions that represent the workers from the authority exclusively UTIER, UITICE, UEPI, and UPAEE.[36][37]
  As of 2014 the authority carries liabilities of US$10.1 billion against assets of $6 billion.[38] It also operates with a deficit of about $354 million against revenues of $4.8 billion.[39][40] In terms of costs, $2.6 billion or about 58% of PREPA's expenses are attributed to fuel purchases alone while salaries and collective bargains represent less than 13% of the authority's expenses.[40]
  On May 23, 2014, Citigroup severely curtailed PREPA's line of credit for fuel purchase, forcing PREPA to run out of cash to pay Petrobras, its main oil supplier. Petrobras, in turn, threatened to cut off further shipments to the authority. This forced the authority to take $100 million out of its Capital Improvements Fund in order to pay its debt to Petrobras. PREPA argues that the different agencies of the government of Puerto Rico owe them more than $290 million in debt, while an additional $375 million of revenue is lost through subsidies enacted by the Puerto Rican legislature.[41][42][43][44][45] An additional $600 million is owed to the authority by residential and commercial consumers, some of them by consumers living in public housing.[46][47] The authority argues that it wouldn't have a problem being self-sufficient if it were paid the aforementioned debt and if it weren't forced to give out subsidies. On June 3, 2014, senator Ramón Luis Nieves admitted publicly that, "part of the financial problem at PREPA was provoked by the government and the Puerto Rican legislature."[45]
  On June 11, 2014, Fitch Ratings downgraded its rating on the authority's to speculative non-investment grade ("junk status") from BB+ to BB while putting the authority on negative rating watch.[48] PREPA filed for bankruptcy in July 2017.[49]
  PREPAs' two largest creditors are OppenheimerFunds and Franklin Templeton.[50]
  ^ "Ley de la Autoridadf de Energia Electrica de Puerto Rico" (PDF). Presupuesto.gobierno.pr. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "Why Hurricane Maria left Puerto Rico completely without power". The Verge. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
  ^ "Welcome to PREPA". Prepa.com. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "PREPA Financial Stmts" (PDF). Gov't Development Bank for Puerto Rico. Gov't of Puerto Rico. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  ^ "What you should have been taught about Puerto Rico". Explore Parts Unknown. 5 November 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  ^ "Puerto Rico blackout leaves more than 1 million without power". NBC News. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  ^ "Special Report: The bankrupt utility behind Puerto Rico's power crisis". Reuters. 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
  ^ Fausset, Richard; Robles, Frances; Acosta, Deborah (2017-10-07). "Minus Electrical Grid, Puerto Rico Becomes Generator Island". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
  ^ Borak, Donna (October 25, 2017). "San Juan's mayor takes on small Montana firm over Puerto Rico power contract". CNN.
  ^ "Working To Get The Lights Back On In Puerto Rico". Marketplace. December 1, 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  ^ "Puerto Rico power restoration: Why it is taking so long". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
  ^ "When will Puerto Rico have power? Half of island still without electricity after head of power authority resigns". Newsweek. 2017-11-18. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
  ^ Kate Arnoff, "Armed Federal Agents Enter Warehouse in Puerto Rico to Seize Hoarded Electric Equipment", The Intercept, 10 January 2018
  ^ "Apagón en Puerto Rico afecta a toda la isla". CNN (in Spanish). 18 April 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  ^ "As hurricane season begins, 11,000 customers in Puerto Rico still without power". CBS News. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  ^ Weissenstein, Michael. "As hurricane season begins, 11,000 customers in Puerto Rico still without power". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  ^ Walton, Robert. "Puerto Rico's utility signs $500M recovery contract with MasTec". Utility Dive. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  ^ "Proponen suspender subsidios de la AEE por seis meses | El Nuevo Día". Elnuevodia.com. 2014-06-25. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "Press Release". AES Solar. September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  ^ "AES : Homepage". Aespuertorico.com. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ a b "Central Aguirre" (in Spanish). Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  ^ Oriana and Yarotek connect Caribbean's largest solar project to grid, pv-tech, Tom Kenning Sep 15, 2016
  ^ Kantrow, Michelle (March 12, 2013). "Punta Lima wind farm sold to Sovereign Bank for $88M". News Is My Business. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  ^ "Sonnedix and Yarotek reach commercial operation of 16 megawatt photovoltaic solar energy project in Puerto Rico | Sonnedix". Sonnedix. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  ^ a b "Central San Juan" (in Spanish). Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  ^ PUERTO RICO Puerto Rico Profile, Territory Profile and Energy Estimates, U.S. Energy Information Administratrion, December 18, 2013
  ^ "27 MW Photovoltaic Plant". TSK. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  ^ Alvarado León, Gerardo (August 29, 2013). "Funcionando a máxima capacidad el parque eólico de Santa Isabel". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  ^ "Finca de Viento Santa Isabel". Pattern Energy. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  ^ "En Ponce la finca fotovoltaica más grande". La Perla del Sur (in Spanish). Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  ^ [1], EIA Profile Analysis
  ^ "La AEE es" (in Spanish). Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  ^ "Edición 14 de Abril 2014 by El Vocero de Puerto Rico". ISSUU. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "Gobernador y Junta Gobierno discuten finanzas AEE | El Vocero de Puerto Rico". Elvocero.com. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ a b "Financial Statements, Required Supplementary Information and supplemental Schedules" (PDF). Pr.gov. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "AEE solicita al gobierno que suelte dinero para que agencias puedan pagar la luz – Metro". Metro.pr. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "Revisarán subsidios AEE y deudas de gobierno – Metro". Metro.pr. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "Propuesta #4". Bajemos la factura. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "Propuesta #3". Bajemos la factura. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "Sube como la espuma la deuda millonaria que tiene los abonados de residenciales públicos con AEE -NotiUno 630 | Primeros Con La Noticia". Notiuno.com. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ "UPDATE 1-Fitch cuts Puerto Rico electricity authority's rating again". Reuters. 2014-06-11. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  ^ Mary Williams Walsh (2 July 2017). "Puerto Rico's Power Authority Effectively Files for Bankruptcy". Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  ^ "Neither a state nor independent". The Economist. 5 July 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
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