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  Front Matter R1-R18 Brief Overview 1-4 1 Introduction 5-11 2 The Need for Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment 12-17 3 The Impact of Export Controls on U.S. Industry 18-25 4 Evidence on the Acquisition of Sensitive Western Technology 26-38 5 The Changing Calculus of U.S. National Security Interests 39-60 6 The U.S. and Multilateral Export Control Regimes 61-105 7 Elements of a New Response: U.S. Policy 106-117 8 Elements of a New Response: Multilateral Control Regimes 118-137 9 Elements of a New Response: The U.S. Control Regime 138-153 10 Improving Methods for List Construction and Review 154-164 11 Key Findings and Conclusions of the Panel 165-180 12 Summary of Recommendations of the Panel 181-198 Appendix A 199-221 Appendix B 222-247 Appendix C 248-265 Appendix D 266-303 Appendix E 304-305 Appendix F 306-307 Appendix G 308-320 Appendix H 321-335 Appendix I 336-348 Appendix J 349-355 Appendix K 356-361 Appendix L 362-365 Appendix M 366-370 Appendix N 371-378 Index 379-390 Brief Overview*
  * A detailed Executive Summary has been published separately and is available from the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academies of Sciences and Engineering.
  † National security export controls are procedures designed to regulate the transfer of items from one country to another in such a way as to protect militarily important technologies from acquisition by potential adversaries (see Section 5 of the Export Administration Act (EAA)of 1979, as amended). These are contrasted in the report with foreign policy export controls, which are restrictions imposed on the export of general classes of items to one or more specified countries in order to further the foreign commitments and interests of the united states or to fulfill its international obligations (see Section 6 of the EAA)