text: The three plant protection strategies also resulted in A. fraterculus domination in orchards. Other species were constant only in citrus and peach crops cultivated under the organic system (Table 3). Considering the dominance of A. fraterculus, the three plant protection strategies yielded a low diversity of tephritid flies, although the organic strategy led to the greatest diversity (Table 4) according to the Shannon index, and this result was related to the frequency of A. distincta and A. grandis in citrus. The Margalef index was similar for crops cultivated under the organic and conventional management. In the latter, the positive effect was due to the total number of female flies collected in all five crops (Table 3) and was observed in Porto Amazonas (Table 2). The evenness index indicated a higher probability of finding the same fruit fly species in orchards cultivated under the conventional system and was influenced by the high frequency of A. fraterculus and the evenness index in apple (Table 3).