text: All statistics were computed using sampling weights; standard errors based on balanced, repeated replication weights were used for statistical significance and/or confidence intervals.
  Analyses based on test results (plausible values) were based on Rubin’s rule for multiply imputed variables.
  General note: IELS data were designed for group-level reporting; children’s scale scores in the database are not intended to report performance of individual children or very small groups.
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  Secondary analysis
  Suggestions for doing secondary analyses
  For doing secondary analyses, data can be analyzed with the IEA IDB Analyzer. This tool takes into account the characteristics of the sampling and assessment design, implements the corresponding replication method, and makes use of existing plausible values.
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  Types of data files
  The public IELS database consists of one file with all participating countries. The file contains the data from all available sources (assessment, parents, educators, and tracking).
  The data are available in SPSS, SAS, and csv file formats.
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  Format(s) of data files
  SPSS
  SAS
  CSV
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  Item release policy
  All Public Use Data Files (PUF) are available for download at the OECD Early Learning and Child Well-Being Study Website.