code: def _escape(value):
      
  
      # make sequences into comma-separated stings
      if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
          value = ",".join(value)
  
      # dates and datetimes into isoformat
      elif isinstance(value, (date, datetime)):
          value = value.isoformat()
  
      # make bools into true/false strings
      elif isinstance(value, bool):
          value = str(value).lower()
  
      # don't decode bytestrings
      elif isinstance(value, bytes):
          return value
  
      # encode strings to utf-8
      if isinstance(value, string_types):
          if PY2 and isinstance(value, unicode):
              return value.encode("utf-8")
          if not PY2 and isinstance(value, str):
              return value.encode("utf-8")
  
      return str(value)
docs: Escape a single value of a URL string or a query parameter. If it is a list
      or tuple, turn it into a comma-separated string first.