code: def ip_to_int(ip):
      '''
      Converts an IP address to an integer
      '''
      ret = 0
      for octet in ip.split('.'):
          ret = ret * 256 + int(octet)
      return ref ip_to_int(ip):
      '''
      Converts an IP address to an integer
      '''
      ret = 0
      for octet in ip.split('.'):
          ret = ret * 256 + int(octet)
      return ret
docs: Converts an IP address to an integer