code: def to_bytes(x, blocksize=0):
      
      if isinstance(x, bytearray):
          return left_zero_pad(bytes(x), blocksize)
      elif isinstance(x, basestring):
          return left_zero_pad(x, blocksize)
      elif isinstance(x, (list, tuple)):
          return left_zero_pad(bytes(bytearray(x)), blocksize)
      elif isinstance(x, (long, int)):
          return long_to_bytes(x, blocksize)
      else:
          raise ValueError('Unknown input argument type')
docs: Converts input to a byte string.
      Typically used in PyCrypto as an argument (e.g., key, iv)
  
      :param x: string (does nothing), bytearray, array with numbers
      :return: