code: def handle_database_error(cls, session, exception):
          
  
          session.rollback()
  
          if isinstance(exception, IntegrityError):
              cls.handle_integrity_error(exception)
          elif isinstance(exception, FlushError):
              cls.handle_flush_error(exception)
          else:
              raise exception
docs: Rollback changes made and handle any type of error raised by the DBMS.