code: def handle_hooks(self, hooks, hook_type, *args):
          '''
          Processes hooks of the specified type.
  
          :param hook_type: The type of hook, including ``before``, ``after``,
                            ``on_error``, and ``on_route``.
          :param \*args: Arguments to pass to the hooks.
          '''
          if hook_type not in ['before', 'on_route']:
              hooks = reversed(hooks)
  
          for hook in hooks:
              result = getattr(hook, hook_type)(*args)
              # on_error hooks can choose to return a Response, which will
              # be used instead of the standard error pages.
              if hook_type == 'on_error' and isinstance(result, WebObResponse):
                  return resulf handle_hooks(self, hooks, hook_type, *args):
          '''
          Processes hooks of the specified type.
  
          :param hook_type: The type of hook, including ``before``, ``after``,
                            ``on_error``, and ``on_route``.
          :param \*args: Arguments to pass to the hooks.
          '''
          if hook_type not in ['before', 'on_route']:
              hooks = reversed(hooks)
  
          for hook in hooks:
              result = getattr(hook, hook_type)(*args)
              # on_error hooks can choose to return a Response, which will
              # be used instead of the standard error pages.
              if hook_type == 'on_error' and isinstance(result, WebObResponse):
                  return result
docs: Processes hooks of the specified type.
  
          :param hook_type: The type of hook, including ``before``, ``after``,
                            ``on_error``, and ``on_route``.
          :param \*args: Arguments to pass to the hooks.