code: def parse_kwargs(kwargs):
      
      
      d = defaultdict(list)
      for k, v in ((k.lstrip('-'), v) for k,v in (a.split('=') for a in kwargs)):
          d[k].append(v)
  
      ret = {}
      for k, v in d.items():
          # replace single item lists with just the item.
          if len(v) == 1 and type(v) is list:
              ret[k] = v[0]
          else:
              ret[k] = v
      return ret
docs: Convert a list of kwargs into a dictionary. Duplicates of the same keyword
      get added to an list within the dictionary.
  
      >>> parse_kwargs(['--var1=1', '--var2=2', '--var1=3']
      {'var1': [1, 3], 'var2': 2}