code: def param_extract(args, short_form, long_form, default=None):
      
      val = default
      for i, a in enumerate(args):
          # Long form may use "--xyz=foo", so need to split on '=', but it
          # doesn't necessarily do that, can also be "--xyz foo".
          elems = a.split("=", 1)
          if elems[0] in [short_form, long_form]:
              # At least make sure that an actual name was specified
              if len(elems) == 1:
                  if i + 1 < len(args) and not args[i + 1].startswith("-"):
                      val = args[i + 1]
                  else:
                      val = ""  # Invalid value was specified
              else:
                  val = elems[1]
              break
  
      return val
docs: Quick extraction of a parameter from the command line argument list.
  
      In some cases we need to parse a few arguments before the official
      arg-parser starts.
  
      Returns parameter value, or None if not present.