code: public function getAttributeOrders($recalculate = false)
      {
          if ($this->_attributeOrders === null || $recalculate) {
              $this->_attributeOrders = [];
              if (($params = $this->params) === null) {
                  $request = Yii::$app->getRequest();
                  $params = $request instanceof Request ? $request->getQueryParams() : [];
              }
              if (isset($params[$this->sortParam])) {
                  foreach ($this->parseSortParam($params[$this->sortParam]) as $attribute) {
                      $descending = false;
                      if (strncmp($attribute, '-', 1) === 0) {
                          $descending = true;
                          $attribute = substr($attribute, 1);
                      }
  
                      if (isset($this->attributes[$attribute])) {
                          $this->_attributeOrders[$attribute] = $descending ? SORT_DESC : SORT_ASC;
                          if (!$this->enableMultiSort) {
                              return $this->_attributeOrders;
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
              if (empty($this->_attributeOrders) && is_array($this->defaultOrder)) {
                  $this->_attributeOrders = $this->defaultOrder;
              }
          }
  
          return $this->_attributeOrders;
      }
docs: Returns the currently requested sort information.
  @param bool $recalculate whether to recalculate the sort directions
  @return array sort directions indexed by attribute names.
  Sort direction can be either `SORT_ASC` for ascending order or
  `SORT_DESC` for descending order.