code: def url(root, params = {})
        dest = root.dup
  
        dest << (dest.include?("?") ? "&" : "?")
        dest << "#{type}=#{param}"
  
        params.each_pair do |key, value|
          dest << "&#{key}=#{CGI.escape(value.to_s)}"
        end
  
        dest
      end
docs: Utility method to get the full redirect destination, Request#url("https://idp.example.com/saml", { :RelayState => "https://sp.example.com/saml" })