code: def KIC(N, rho, k):
      r
      from numpy import log, array
      res = log(rho) + 3. * (k+1.) /float(N)
      return res
docs: r"""Kullback information criterion
  
      .. math:: KIC(k) = log(\rho_k) + 3 \frac{k+1}{N}
  
      :validation: double checked versus octave.