code: def signed_to_twos_comp(val: int, n_bits: int) -> int:
      
      assert n_bits % 8 == 0, "Must specify a whole number of bytes"
      n_bytes = n_bits // 8
      b = val.to_bytes(n_bytes, byteorder=sys.byteorder, signed=True)
      return int.from_bytes(b, byteorder=sys.byteorder, signed=False)
docs: Convert a signed integer to its "two's complement" representation.
  
      Args:
          val: signed integer
          n_bits: number of bits (which must reflect a whole number of bytes)
  
      Returns:
          unsigned integer: two's complement version