code: def raw_urlsafe_b64encode(b):
      '''Base64 encode using URL-safe encoding with padding removed.
  
      @param b bytes to decode
      @return bytes decoded
      '''
      b = to_bytes(b)
      b = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(b)
      b = b.rstrip(b'=')  # strip padding
      return f raw_urlsafe_b64encode(b):
      '''Base64 encode using URL-safe encoding with padding removed.
  
      @param b bytes to decode
      @return bytes decoded
      '''
      b = to_bytes(b)
      b = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(b)
      b = b.rstrip(b'=')  # strip padding
      return b
docs: Base64 encode using URL-safe encoding with padding removed.
  
      @param b bytes to decode
      @return bytes decoded