code: def parityOf(int_type):
      
      parity = 0
      while (int_type):
          parity = ~parity
          int_type = int_type & (int_type - 1)
      return(parity)
docs: Calculates the parity of an integer, returning 0 if there are an even number of set bits, and -1 if there are an odd number.