docs: def Schade(mp, rhop, dp, rhog, D):
      r'''Calculates saltation velocity of the gas for pneumatic conveying,
      according to [1]_ as described in [2]_, [3]_, [4]_, and [5]_.
  
      .. math::
          Fr_s = \mu^{0.11}\left(\frac{D}{d_p}\right)^{0.025}\left(\frac{\rho_p}
          {\rho_f}\right)^{0.34}
  
      .. math::
          Fr_s = \frac{V_{salt}}{\sqrt{gD}}
  
      .. math::
          \mu = \frac{m_p}{\frac{\pi}{4}D^2V \rho_f}
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      mp : float
          Solid mass flow rate, [kg/s]
      rhop : float
          Particle density, [kg/m^3]
      dp : float
          Particle diameter, [m]
      rhog : float
          Gas density, [kg/m^3]
      D : float
          Diameter of pipe, [m]
  
      Returns
      -------
      V : float
          Saltation velocity of gas, [m/s]
  
      Notes
      -----
      Model is rearranged to be explicit in terms of saltation velocity
      internally.
  
      Examples
      --------
      >>> Schade(mp=1., rhop=1000., dp=1E-3, rhog=1.2, D=0.1)
      13.697415809497912
  
      References
      ----------
      .. [1] Schade, B., Zum Ubergang Sprung-Strahnen-forderung bei der
         Horizontalen Pneumatischen Feststoffordrung. Dissertation, University of
         Karlsruche (1987)
      .. [2] Rabinovich, Evgeny, and Haim Kalman. "Threshold Velocities of
         Particle-Fluid Flows in Horizontal Pipes and Ducts: Literature Review."
         Reviews in Chemical Engineering 27, no. 5-6 (January 1, 2011).
         doi:10.1515/REVCE.2011.011.
      .. [3] Setia, G., S. S. Mallick, R. Pan, and P. W. Wypych. "Modeling
         Minimum Transport Boundary for Fluidized Dense-Phase Pneumatic Conveying
         Systems." Powder Technology 277 (June 2015): 244-51.
         doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.050.
      .. [4] Bansal, A., S. S. Mallick, and P. W. Wypych. "Investigating
         Straight-Pipe Pneumatic Conveying Characteristics for Fluidized
         Dense-Phase Pneumatic Conveying." Particulate Science and Technology
         31, no. 4 (July 4, 2013): 348-56. doi:10.1080/02726351.2012.732677.
      .. [5] Gomes, L. M., and A. L. Amarante Mesquita. "On the Prediction of
         Pickup and Saltation Velocities in Pneumatic Conveying." Brazilian
         Journal of Chemical Engineering 31, no. 1 (March 2014): 35-46.
         doi:10.1590/S0104-66322014000100005
      '''
      B = (D/dp)**0.025*(rhop/rhog)**0.34
      A = (g*D)**0.5
      C = mp/(rhog*pi/4*D**2)
      return (C**0.11*B*A)**(1/1.11)