Law Category,Specific Area,District Court Application,State Legal Code Context,Potential Conflict/Nuance,Practice Tip
Civil Procedure,"Service of Process",More relaxed rules for initial service (e.g., leaving at residence),Strict adherence to personal service rules in certain cases (e.g., corporations),Risk of dismissal if service not proper under state rules,Always attempt personal service first; use other methods only as backup.
Civil Procedure,Discovery Limits,Limited discovery in most cases (e.g., 15 interrogatories),Broader discovery allowed in higher courts (Circuit Court),Strategic decision on whether to remove case to Circuit Court for discovery,Carefully assess discovery needs early; consider removal if complex.
Civil Procedure,Evidence Rules,"Relaxed" rules of evidence; judge has discretion,Maryland Rules of Evidence apply,Judge might not admit evidence that would be allowed in Circuit Court,Prepare evidence as if full rules apply, but be ready to argue for admissibility.
Civil Procedure,Small Claims,"Simplified" procedures for claims under $5,000,General contract law and Maryland Consumer Protection Act apply,Informal procedures can be a trap for unwary litigants,Document everything; procedural missteps can hurt even a strong case.
Civil Procedure,Appeals,De novo appeal to Circuit Court,Appellate review of legal issues only,Trial de novo means starting over completely,Treat District Court case as a "practice run" for Circuit Court.
Criminal Law,Traffic Offenses,High volume of traffic cases; guilty pleas common,Maryland Vehicle Law governs traffic offenses,Risk of license suspension or points even for minor offenses,Advise clients on collateral consequences of traffic convictions.
Criminal Law,Misdemeanors,District Court has exclusive jurisdiction over most misdemeanors,Statutory definitions of misdemeanors; penalties outlined,Sentencing guidelines differ from Circuit Court,Be familiar with common misdemeanor charges and sentencing practices.
Criminal Law,Preliminary Hearings,District Court holds preliminary hearings in felony cases,Probable cause standard to bind case over to Circuit Court,Low threshold for probable cause; defense strategy often to limit information,Use prelim hearing to assess prosecution's case and lock in witness testimony.
Criminal Law,Search and Seizure,Fourth Amendment principles apply,Maryland case law on search and seizure nuances,District Court judges may be more inclined to uphold searches,Challenge search legality through motions to suppress; preserve record for appeal.
Criminal Law,DUI/DWI,Strict laws; mandatory penalties for certain BAC levels,Maryland Vehicle Law; Transportation Article governs,Administrative license suspension hearings separate from criminal case,Advise clients on MVA hearings as well as criminal court proceedings.
Family Law,Domestic Violence Protective Orders,District Court issues Temporary and Final Protective Orders,Family Law Article governs domestic violence,High stakes; ex parte hearings common,Prepare thoroughly for protective order hearings; gather evidence.
Family Law,Child Custody (Emergency),District Court can issue emergency custody orders,Best interests of the child standard; factors outlined in statute,Emergency orders are temporary; full custody hearing in Circuit Court,Use emergency orders to protect child; prepare for Circuit Court litigation.
Family Law,Child Support,District Court can establish and enforce child support orders,Child support guidelines codified in Family Law Article,Income calculation and deviations are key issues,Thoroughly document income and expenses; argue for or against deviations.
Landlord-Tenant,Eviction Cases,High volume of failure-to-pay-rent cases,Landlord-Tenant Article governs evictions,Strict procedural requirements for landlords,Advise landlords on proper notice and filing procedures; advise tenants on defenses.
Landlord-Tenant,Security Deposits,Disputes over security deposits common,Landlord-Tenant Article governs security deposit returns,Penalties for wrongful withholding,Advise both landlords and tenants on their rights and obligations.
Contracts,Breach of Contract,"Simplified" procedures for smaller contract claims,Maryland contract law; Uniform Commercial Code may apply,Statute of Frauds and other defenses relevant,Be prepared to prove contract formation, breach, and damages.
Contracts,Consumer Protection,Maryland Consumer Protection Act applies to many transactions,Specific rules for certain industries (e.g., car sales, home improvement),Statutory damages and attorney fees available,Identify all potential violations of the MCPA.
Torts,Negligence,District Court handles many negligence claims (e.g., car accidents),Common law negligence principles apply,Contributory negligence a complete bar to recovery,Thoroughly investigate facts; assess contributory negligence risk.
Torts,Personal Injury,"Simplified" procedures for smaller PI claims,Maryland law on damages; caps on non-economic damages,Expert testimony often required to prove damages,Document all medical treatment and expenses.
Debt Collection,Debt Claims,"Simplified" procedures for debt collection cases,Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and Maryland Collection Agency Licensing Act,Potential counterclaims for violations of debt collection laws,Scrutinize debt collection practices for violations.
Estates and Trusts,Small Estates,District Court handles small estate administrations,Estates and Trusts Article governs procedures,Simplified procedures for estates under a certain value,Determine if estate qualifies for small estate administration.
Business Law,Corporate Disputes,District Court can handle smaller corporate disputes,Maryland Corporations and Associations Article governs,Issues of corporate governance and fiduciary duty,Understand corporate structure and authority.
Employment Law,Wage Disputes,District Court can handle wage claims,Maryland Wage Payment and Collection Law,Penalties for unpaid wages,Document hours worked and wages owed.
Administrative Law,MVA Hearings,Administrative hearings for license suspensions and revocations,Transportation Article and MVA regulations,Separate from criminal proceedings; different rules of evidence,Prepare evidence and witnesses for administrative hearing.
Ethics,Attorney Conduct,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct apply,Rules on confidentiality, conflicts of interest, and candor to the court,Disciplinary proceedings for ethical violations,Stay up-to-date on ethics rules; seek advice when in doubt.
Civil Procedure,Default Judgments,Easier to obtain in District Court due to volume,Rules on setting aside default judgments,Risk of judgment being set aside if not obtained properly,Ensure all procedural requirements are met before seeking default.
Civil Procedure,Motion Practice,Limited motion practice compared to Circuit Court,Maryland Rules on motion practice,Judge may have less time to consider complex motions,Keep motions concise and focused; seek oral argument.
Civil Procedure,Jury Trials,Available in some civil cases,Right to jury trial guaranteed in certain cases,Strategic decision on whether to demand a jury trial,Consider jury appeal and complexity of the case.
Criminal Law,Probation Violations,District Court handles probation violation hearings,Rules on evidence and burden of proof,Potential for jail time or modification of probation,Prepare defense to alleged violations; present mitigating evidence.
Criminal Law,Bail Review,District Court reviews bail set by commissioners,Factors to consider in setting bail,Right to bail subject to certain exceptions,Argue for reasonable bail or release on recognizance.
Family Law,Contempt,District Court can hold parties in contempt for violating court orders,Rules on contempt procedures and sanctions,Potential for fines or jail time,Document all violations of court orders; provide clear evidence.
Landlord-Tenant,Rent Escrow,Tenants can file rent escrow cases for unsafe living conditions,Landlord-Tenant Article governs rent escrow,Strict procedures for establishing escrow account,Advise tenants on proper procedures; gather evidence of conditions.
Contracts,Specific Performance,Rarely granted in District Court,Requirements for specific performance,Remedy usually sought in Circuit Court,Assess whether damages are adequate remedy.
Torts,Defamation,District Court can handle defamation claims,Elements of defamation; First Amendment considerations,High burden of proof for public figures,Thoroughly investigate facts; assess potential defenses.
Debt Collection,Garnishments,District Court issues wage and bank account garnishments,Rules on garnishment procedures and exemptions,Protections for debtors,Ensure compliance with all garnishment rules.
Estates and Trusts,Guardianship,"Simplified" procedures for guardianship of minors or disabled adults,Estates and Trusts Article governs guardianship,Best interests of the ward standard,Document need for guardianship; comply with reporting requirements.
Business Law,Partnership Disputes,District Court can handle smaller partnership disputes,Maryland Uniform Partnership Act,Issues of partnership agreements and fiduciary duty,Understand partnership structure and authority.
Employment Law,Discrimination,District Court can handle smaller discrimination claims,Maryland Fair Employment Practices Act,Federal anti-discrimination laws may also apply,Exhaust administrative remedies before filing suit.
Administrative Law,Unemployment Benefits,Appeals from denial of unemployment benefits,Maryland Unemployment Insurance Law,Rules on eligibility and disqualification,Gather evidence of employment and termination.
Ethics,Client Communication,Duty to keep clients informed,Rules on communication and client consent,Failure to communicate can lead to disciplinary action,Maintain regular communication with clients.
Civil Procedure,Venue,Specific rules on where cases can be filed,Maryland rules on venue in District Court,Improper venue can lead to dismissal or transfer,Determine proper venue before filing suit.
Civil Procedure,Joinder of Parties,Rules on joining multiple parties in a lawsuit,Maryland rules on joinder,Strategic considerations in joining or opposing joinder,Assess impact of joining additional parties.
Civil Procedure,Summary Judgment,Less common in District Court,Maryland rules on summary judgment,High standard for granting summary judgment,Must show no genuine dispute of material fact.
Criminal Law,Juvenile Cases,District Court has jurisdiction over juvenile cases,Maryland Juvenile Causes Act,Different rules and procedures from adult criminal cases
Law Category,Specific Area,District Court Application,State Legal Code Context,Potential Conflict/Nuance,Practice Tip
Civil Procedure,"Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)",Mediation often encouraged or mandated,Maryland ADR Rules and statutes,District Court may have specific ADR programs,Familiarize yourself with local ADR options; be prepared to participate in good faith.
Civil Procedure,Statute of Limitations,Same as for higher courts,Maryland Code of Courts and Judicial Proceedings,Failure to file within the statute bars the claim,Calendar deadlines meticulously; don't wait until the last minute.
Civil Procedure,Subpoenas,Power to issue subpoenas for witnesses and documents,Maryland Rules on subpoenas,Failure to comply can result in contempt,Ensure subpoenas are properly served and allow reasonable time for response.
Civil Procedure,Post-Judgment Procedures,Enforcement of judgments through wage garnishments, attachments, etc.,Maryland Rules on enforcement of judgments,Exemptions and protections for debtors,Understand the procedures for collecting judgments; advise clients on exemptions.
Civil Procedure,Foreign Judgments,Enforcement of judgments from other states,Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act,Requires proper authentication and filing procedures,Ensure foreign judgment meets Maryland requirements for enforcement.
Criminal Law,Drug Offenses,District Court handles possession of small amounts of drugs,Controlled Dangerous Substances Act,Mandatory minimum sentences for certain offenses,Advise clients on potential penalties and treatment options.
Criminal Law,Assault and Battery,District Court handles misdemeanor assault and battery cases,Criminal law definitions of assault and battery,Self-defense is a common defense,Thoroughly investigate facts; interview witnesses to assess self-defense claim.
Criminal Law,Property Crimes,District Court handles theft and property destruction under a certain value,Criminal law definitions of theft and property crimes,Value of property determines jurisdiction and severity of offense,Obtain appraisal or other evidence of property value.
Criminal Law,Disorderly Conduct,District Court handles disorderly conduct and disturbing the peace cases,Local ordinances and state laws on disorderly conduct,First Amendment considerations (e.g., free speech),Assess constitutionality of disorderly conduct charges.
Criminal Law,Trespassing,District Court handles misdemeanor trespassing cases,Criminal law definitions of trespassing,Notice requirements and defenses vary,Advise clients on posting requirements and legal defenses to trespassing.
Family Law,Divorce (Uncontested),District Court may handle certain aspects of uncontested divorces,Family Law Article governs divorce procedures,More complex issues must be addressed in Circuit Court,Ensure all required paperwork is complete and accurate; consider Circuit Court if complex property division.
Family Law,Adoption (Stepparent),District Court may handle some stepparent adoptions,Family Law Article governs adoption procedures,Consent requirements and background checks,Ensure all parties consent and meet statutory requirements.
Family Law,Child Access,District Court handles disputes over visitation and access,Best interests of the child standard,Safety concerns and parental fitness are key issues,Gather evidence of parental fitness and child's best interests.
Landlord-Tenant,Lease Agreements,District Court interprets lease agreements in eviction and rent cases,Maryland contract law and Landlord-Tenant Article,Ambiguous terms often construed against landlord,Draft clear and unambiguous lease agreements; advise clients on their rights and obligations.
Landlord-Tenant,Retaliatory Eviction,Tenant may raise defense of retaliatory eviction,Landlord-Tenant Article prohibits retaliation for certain tenant actions,Burden of proof on tenant to show retaliatory motive,Document all communications with landlord; gather evidence of retaliation.
Contracts,Promissory Estoppel,May be argued in District Court contract cases,Common law doctrine of promissory estoppel,Requires detrimental reliance on a promise,Gather evidence of promise, reliance, and harm.
Contracts,Unjust Enrichment,May be argued in cases where no formal contract exists,Common law doctrine of unjust enrichment,Requires benefit conferred and inequity if no recovery,Prove that one party unjustly benefited at the expense of another.
Torts,Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress,Difficult to prove in District Court,Requires extreme and outrageous conduct and severe emotional distress,High bar for recovery,Gather evidence of conduct, distress, and causation; consider Circuit Court if complex.
Torts,Conversion,District Court handles claims for wrongful taking or use of property,Common law tort of conversion,Requires intent to exercise dominion or control over another's property,Document ownership and value of property; prove intent to convert.
Debt Collection,Repossession,District Court may handle disputes over wrongful repossession,Maryland Commercial Law Article and Uniform Commercial Code,Requires compliance with notice and sale procedures,Advise clients on their rights and obligations in repossession cases.
Estates and Trusts,Will Caveats,District Court may handle initial filing of caveats to wills,Estates and Trusts Article governs will challenges,More complex challenges litigated in Orphans' Court,File caveat promptly; gather evidence of undue influence, lack of capacity, etc.
Business Law,Breach of Fiduciary Duty,May be alleged in small business disputes,Common law and statutory duties of fiduciaries,Requires proof of duty, breach, and damages,Understand the nature of the fiduciary relationship and the duties owed.
Employment Law,Wrongful Termination,Difficult to prove in District Court due to at-will employment,Exceptions for violation of public policy or contractual rights,High burden of proof on employee,Gather evidence of termination, employer's motive, and any applicable exceptions.
Administrative Law,Professional Licensing,Appeals from licensing board decisions may be filed in District Court,Statutes governing specific professions,Requires exhaustion of administrative remedies,Understand the specific licensing regulations and procedures.
Ethics,Conflicts of Interest,Rules on representing multiple clients or clients with adverse interests,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Requires informed consent or waiver,Carefully screen for conflicts; obtain written consent when necessary.
Civil Procedure,Motion to Dismiss,Used to challenge the legal sufficiency of a claim,Maryland Rules on motions to dismiss,Grounds include lack of jurisdiction, failure to state a claim, etc.,Thoroughly research and draft motions to dismiss; prepare for oral argument.
Civil Procedure,Interrogatories,Written questions to opposing party,Maryland Rules on discovery,Limited number in District Court,Craft precise and targeted interrogatories; respond fully and accurately.
Civil Procedure,Requests for Production of Documents,Requests for documents and other tangible evidence,Maryland Rules on discovery,Limited scope in District Court,Identify all relevant documents; respond promptly and completely.
Criminal Law,Resisting Arrest,District Court handles resisting arrest charges,Criminal law definition of resisting arrest,Requires proof of lawful arrest and resistance,Advise clients on their rights and duties during an arrest.
Criminal Law,Vandalism,District Court handles misdemeanor vandalism cases,Criminal law definition of vandalism,Value of property determines severity of offense,Obtain appraisal or other evidence of property value.
Family Law,Modification of Custody Orders,District Court may handle minor modifications of custody orders,Best interests of the child standard; requires material change in circumstances,Gather evidence of changed circumstances and child's best interests.
Landlord-Tenant,Constructive Eviction,Tenant may claim constructive eviction due to uninhabitable conditions,Landlord-Tenant Article and common law,Requires proof that premises are unusable,Document conditions; provide notice to landlord; vacate within reasonable time.
Contracts,Fraud,May be alleged in District Court contract cases,Common law and statutory fraud claims,Requires proof of misrepresentation, reliance, and damages,Gather evidence of false statements, intent to deceive, and reliance.
Torts,Nuisance,District Court may handle claims for private nuisance,Common law tort of nuisance,Requires interference with use and enjoyment of property,Gather evidence of interference and harm; consider Circuit Court if complex.
Debt Collection,Harassment,District Court may hear claims for debt collection harassment,Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and Maryland Collection Agency Licensing Act,Prohibits abusive, deceptive, and unfair collection practices,Document all communications with debt collectors; preserve evidence of harassment.
Estates and Trusts,Power of Attorney Disputes,District Court may handle disputes over exercise of power of attorney,Estates and Trusts Article governs powers of attorney,Requires proof of incapacity and abuse of power,Gather evidence of grantor's intent and agent's actions.
Business Law,Trade Secret Misappropriation,May be alleged in small business disputes,Maryland Uniform Trade Secrets Act,Requires proof of trade secret, misappropriation, and damages,Document trade secrets; gather evidence of improper acquisition or use.
Employment Law,Non-Compete Agreements,District Court may interpret and enforce non-compete agreements,Maryland law on non-compete agreements,Requires reasonableness in time and geographic scope,Analyze enforceability of agreement; gather evidence of breach and damages.
Administrative Law,Zoning Appeals,Appeals from local zoning board decisions may be filed in District Court,Local zoning ordinances and state law,Requires exhaustion of administrative remedies,Understand the zoning regulations and procedures.
Ethics,Fees and Billing,Rules on reasonable fees, billing practices, and fee agreements,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Requires clear communication and written agreements,Maintain detailed billing records; clearly explain fees to clients.
Civil Procedure,Amendments to Pleadings,Rules on amending complaints and answers,Maryland Rules on pleading amendments,Liberally granted unless prejudicial to opposing party,Promptly amend pleadings to correct errors or add claims.
Civil Procedure,Counterclaims,Permitted in District Court cases,Maryland Rules on counterclaims,Compulsory and permissive counterclaims distinguished,Carefully analyze potential counterclaims; file them timely and properly.
Civil Procedure,Consolidation of Cases,Multiple cases arising from same transaction or occurrence may be consolidated,Maryland Rules on consolidation,Judicial discretion to consolidate or keep cases separate,Argue for or against consolidation based on efficiency and potential prejudice.
Civil Procedure,Contempt (Civil),District Court can hold parties in contempt for violating court orders in civil cases,Maryland Rules on contempt,Requires proof of violation and ability to comply,Provide clear evidence of contemptuous conduct; seek specific sanctions.
Criminal Law,Conspiracy,District Court may handle some conspiracy cases,especially if related to misdemeanors,Criminal law definition of conspiracy; requires agreement and overt act,Proof of agreement often difficult,Gather evidence of communications and actions to prove conspiracy.
Criminal Law,Criminal Trespass,District Court handles criminal trespass charges,Criminal law definition of trespass; different degrees of trespass,Notice requirements and defenses vary,Advise clients on posting requirements and legal defenses to trespassing.
Criminal Law,Child Abuse/Neglect (Minor),District Court may have initial jurisdiction in some cases of suspected child abuse or neglect,Family Law Article and Criminal Law Article; reporting requirements,Coordination with Child Protective Services,Understand mandatory reporting obligations; cooperate with investigations.
Family Law,Child Support Modification,District Court handles modifications of child support orders,Family Law Article governs modifications,Requires material change in circumstances,Gather evidence of changed circumstances affecting income or child's needs.
Family Law,Custody Disputes (Minor),District Court may handle less complex custody disputes involving minor children,Best interests of the child standard,High stakes; emotional issues,Focus on child's best interests; present evidence of parental fitness and stability.
Family Law,Contempt (Family),District Court can hold parties in contempt for violating family court orders (e.g., custody, visitation),Family Law Article and Rules on contempt,Requires proof of violation and ability to comply,Document all violations of court orders; seek specific sanctions.
Landlord-Tenant,Commercial Leases,District Court handles some disputes involving commercial leases (e.g., smaller claims),Maryland contract law and Commercial Law Article,May involve more complex issues than residential leases,Carefully review lease terms; consider removal to Circuit Court if necessary.
Contracts,Consideration,District Court interprets contracts to determine if valid consideration exists,Maryland contract law principles of consideration,Requires bargained-for exchange of value,Analyze the exchange of promises and benefits to determine if consideration is present.
Contracts,Capacity to Contract,District Court considers whether parties had legal capacity to enter into a contract,Maryland contract law on capacity (e.g., age, mental state),Voidable contracts if lack of capacity,Gather evidence of incapacity if challenging a contract.
Contracts,Conditions Precedent,District Court interprets contracts to determine if conditions precedent have been met,Maryland contract law on conditions,Failure of a condition precedent can excuse performance,Carefully analyze contract terms to identify and prove (or disprove) conditions precedent.
Torts,Conversion (Chattels),District Court handles claims for conversion of personal property,Common law tort of conversion,Requires intentional interference with another's property rights,Document ownership and value of property; prove intent to convert.
Torts,Comparative Negligence,Maryland follows contributory negligence, not comparative, in most cases,Maryland case law on contributory negligence,Any negligence by the plaintiff bars recovery,Thoroughly investigate facts to determine if plaintiff was contributorily negligent.
Debt Collection,Credit Reporting Errors,District Court may handle claims under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA),Federal and state laws on credit reporting,Requires proof of inaccurate reporting and damages,Advise clients on their rights under the FCRA; dispute inaccurate information.
Estates and Trusts,Claims Against Estates,District Court may handle smaller claims against estates,Estates and Trusts Article governs claims procedures,Time limits for filing claims,File claims promptly and properly; document all debts and obligations.
Business Law,Corporate Dissolution,District Court may handle some aspects of dissolution of small businesses,Maryland Corporations and Associations Article,Requires compliance with statutory procedures,Advise clients on procedures for winding up business affairs.
Employment Law,Compensation Disputes,District Court handles claims for unpaid wages and other compensation,Maryland Wage Payment and Collection Law,Penalties for unpaid wages,Document hours worked and wages owed; calculate damages accurately.
Administrative Law,Child Care Licensing,Appeals from denial or revocation of child care licenses,Statutes and regulations governing child care,Requires exhaustion of administrative remedies,Understand the specific licensing regulations and procedures.
Ethics,Client Confidentiality,Strict rules on protecting client information,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Exceptions to confidentiality (e.g., crime-fraud exception),Safeguard client information; understand the limits of confidentiality.
Civil Procedure,Case Management Conferences,District Court may hold conferences to manage cases efficiently,Maryland Rules on case management,Opportunity to discuss settlement, discovery, and trial scheduling,Prepare to discuss case status and explore settlement options.
Criminal Law,Carrying a Concealed Weapon,District Court handles cases involving illegal carrying of weapons,Criminal law definition of concealed weapons offenses,Exceptions for permits and certain occupations,Advise clients on gun laws and permit requirements.
Criminal Law,Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor,District Court handles these misdemeanor cases,Criminal law definition; involves encouraging or enabling minor's illegal conduct,Requires proof of intent and minor's delinquency,Gather evidence of defendant's actions and minor's conduct.
Family Law,Change of Name,District Court handles name change petitions,Family Law Article governs name change procedures,Requires background checks and public notice,Ensure compliance with statutory requirements for name changes.
Landlord-Tenant,Common Areas,Disputes over maintenance and use of common areas in rental properties,Landlord-Tenant Article and lease terms,Landlord's duty to maintain common areas,Document unsafe conditions; provide notice to landlord; seek remedies for breach of lease.
Contracts,Covenants Not to Compete,District Court may interpret and enforce covenants not to compete,Maryland law on non-compete agreements,Requires reasonableness in time, scope, and geographic area,Analyze enforceability of agreement; gather evidence of breach and damages.
Torts,Civil Conspiracy,May be alleged in connection with other torts,Requires agreement and concerted action to commit a tort,Proof of agreement often circumstantial,Gather evidence of communications and actions to prove conspiracy.
Debt Collection,Cease and Desist Letters,Debtors may send letters demanding that debt collectors stop contacting them,Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,Requires debt collectors to cease communication after receiving notice,Advise clients on their rights to demand cessation of communication.
Estates and Trusts,Codicils,District Court may handle will challenges involving codicils (amendments to wills),Estates and Trusts Article governs wills and codicils,Requires proper execution and capacity,Examine codicils for compliance with legal requirements.
Business Law,Contracts (Formation),District Court interprets and enforces contracts entered into by businesses,Maryland contract law on offer, acceptance, and consideration,Requires mutual assent and exchange of value,Analyze communications and conduct to determine if a contract was formed.
Employment Law,Constructive Discharge,Employee claims they were forced to resign due to intolerable working conditions,Requires proof of working conditions so bad a reasonable person would quit,High burden of proof for employee,Gather evidence of working conditions and employer's intent.
Administrative Law,Coastal Zone Management,Appeals from decisions related to coastal zone development,Maryland Coastal Zone Management Act,Requires compliance with environmental regulations,Understand the permitting requirements and environmental impact assessments.
Ethics,Conflicts Check System,Law firms must have systems to identify and avoid conflicts of interest,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Failure to have an adequate system can lead to ethical violations,Implement procedures for screening new clients and matters for conflicts.
Civil Procedure,Dismissal for Lack of Prosecution,Court can dismiss cases for failure to actively pursue them,Maryland Rules on dismissal,Requires notice to parties; opportunity to show cause,Actively manage cases; meet deadlines to avoid dismissal.
Civil Procedure,Ex Parte Relief,Limited circumstances where court can grant relief without notice to opposing party,Maryland Rules on ex parte motions,Requires showing of immediate and irreparable harm,Carefully document efforts to provide notice; clearly articulate the need for ex parte relief.
Civil Procedure,Judicial Notice,Court can take judicial notice of certain facts without formal proof,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Limited to facts that are generally known or readily verifiable,Properly request judicial notice; provide supporting documentation if necessary.
Criminal Law,Driving While Suspended,District Court handles cases of driving with a suspended license,Transportation Article of Maryland Code,Requires proof of knowledge of suspension in some cases,Advise clients on procedures for reinstating license; investigate validity of suspension.
Criminal Law,Failure to Appear,District Court issues warrants for failure to appear in court,Maryland Rules on criminal procedure,Can result in additional charges and penalties,Advise clients on importance of attending court; file motions to quash warrants if appropriate.
Criminal Law,Harassment,District Court may handle misdemeanor harassment cases,Criminal law definition of harassment; requires a course of conduct,First Amendment considerations,Gather evidence of repeated acts; assess whether conduct constitutes harassment.
Family Law,Grandparent Visitation,District Court may handle petitions for grandparent visitation,Family Law Article governs grandparent rights,Requires showing of harm to child or exceptional circumstances,Gather evidence of child's best interests and relationship with grandparents.
Family Law,Paternity,District Court can establish paternity of children born out of wedlock,Family Law Article governs paternity proceedings,Requires genetic testing or other evidence of paternity,Advise clients on rights and obligations of paternity; arrange for genetic testing if necessary.
Family Law,Separation Agreements,District Court may incorporate separation agreements into divorce decrees,Maryland contract law and Family Law Article,Agreements must be fair and equitable,Carefully review separation agreements; advise clients on their rights and obligations.
Landlord-Tenant,Duty to Mitigate Damages,Landlord has duty to mitigate damages when tenant breaches lease,Maryland contract law and Landlord-Tenant Article,Requires reasonable efforts to re-rent the premises,Advise landlords on steps to mitigate damages; document efforts to re-rent.
Landlord-Tenant,Quiet Enjoyment,Tenant has right to quiet enjoyment of the premises,Landlord-Tenant Article and common law,Landlord must not interfere with tenant's use and enjoyment,Document instances of interference with quiet enjoyment; provide notice to landlord.
Contracts,Implied Contracts,District Court may find implied contracts based on conduct of parties,Maryland contract law on implied contracts,Requires mutual assent and exchange of value inferred from actions,Gather evidence of conduct and circumstances to prove implied contract.
Contracts,Modification of Contracts,District Court may determine if contract has been validly modified,Maryland contract law on modification,Requires mutual assent and consideration in most cases,Examine communications and conduct to determine if modification occurred.
Torts,False Imprisonment,District Court may handle claims for false imprisonment,Common law tort of false imprisonment,Requires unlawful restraint of a person's liberty,Gather evidence of restraint, lack of consent, and damages.
Torts,Invasion of Privacy,District Court may handle claims for invasion of privacy,Common law and statutory privacy rights,Various types of invasion of privacy (e.g., intrusion, appropriation),Identify the specific type of invasion of privacy claim; gather evidence of harm.
Debt Collection,Liens,District Court may be involved in proceedings to enforce liens on property,Maryland law on various types of liens (e.g., mechanic's liens, judgment liens),Requires compliance with statutory procedures,Ensure all procedural requirements for establishing and enforcing liens are met.
Estates and Trusts,Intestacy,District Court may handle small estate administrations where decedent died without a will,Estates and Trusts Article governs intestate succession,Determines distribution of assets based on relationship to decedent,Identify heirs and beneficiaries; prepare inventory of assets.
Business Law,Franchise Agreements,District Court may handle disputes over smaller franchise agreements,Maryland Franchise Law and contract law,Requires compliance with disclosure requirements,Carefully review franchise agreement terms; advise clients on rights and obligations.
Employment Law,Independent Contractors,District Court may determine whether worker is employee or independent contractor,Common law tests for employee status,Significant legal consequences for classification,Analyze control and other factors to determine worker classification.
Administrative Law,Social Security Disability Appeals,Appeals from denial of Social Security benefits may be filed in federal court, but initial application and reconsideration is administrative,Federal Social Security Act and regulations,Requires medical and vocational evidence,Gather medical records and other evidence of disability; advise clients on the appeals process.
Ethics,Safekeeping Property,Rules on handling client funds and property,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Requires segregation of client funds,Maintain accurate records of client funds; comply with all trust accounting rules.
Civil Procedure,Service on Corporations,Specific rules for serving process on corporations,Maryland Rules on service of process,Requires service on registered agent or other authorized personnel,Ensure service is made on proper corporate representative; document all service attempts.
Criminal Law,Malicious Destruction of Property,District Court handles misdemeanor malicious destruction of property cases,Criminal law definition; requires willful and malicious conduct,Value of property determines severity of offense,Obtain appraisal or other evidence of property value; prove intent to destroy.
Criminal Law,Possession of Alcohol by a Minor,District Court handles cases of underage possession of alcohol,Alcoholic Beverages Article of Maryland Code,Exceptions for employment and family situations,Advise clients on underage drinking laws and potential penalties.
Family Law,Protective Order Hearings,District Court conducts hearings on petitions for protective orders,Family Law Article on domestic violence,Requires proof of abuse or threat of abuse,Prepare evidence and witnesses; address safety concerns.
Landlord-Tenant,Security Deposit Disputes,District Court handles disputes over security deposit returns,Landlord-Tenant Article on security deposits,Requires landlord to provide itemized list of damages,Document condition of property; provide notice of damages within required timeframe.
Contracts,Anticipatory Breach,District Court may determine if a party has anticipatorily breached a contract,Maryland contract law on anticipatory breach,Allows non-breaching party to sue before performance is due,Gather evidence of party's intent not to perform; mitigate damages.
Torts,Assault (Civil),District Court may handle claims for civil assault,Common law tort of assault,Requires intentional act creating apprehension of imminent harmful contact,Gather evidence of defendant's actions and plaintiff's apprehension.
Debt Collection,Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA),District Court handles claims for violations of the FDCPA,Federal law governing debt collection practices,Prohibits harassment, false statements, and other abusive practices,Document all communications with debt collectors; preserve evidence of violations.
Estates and Trusts,Personal Representatives,District Court is involved in appointment and supervision of personal representatives,Estates and Trusts Article on powers and duties of PRs,Requires fiduciary duty to act in best interests of estate,Advise personal representatives on their legal obligations; monitor their actions.
Business Law,Limited Liability Companies (LLCs),District Court may handle disputes involving LLCs,Maryland Limited Liability Company Act,Requires compliance with operating agreement and statutory requirements,Understand the LLC operating agreement and the relevant statutory provisions.
Employment Law,Overtime Pay,District Court handles claims for unpaid overtime wages,Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and Maryland Wage and Hour Law,Requires employers to pay overtime for hours worked over 40 in a week,Document hours worked; calculate overtime pay accurately.
Administrative Law,Workers' Compensation,Administrative process for claims related to workplace injuries,Maryland Workers' Compensation Act,Requires exhaustion of administrative remedies before judicial review,File claims promptly; gather medical evidence; attend hearings.
Ethics,Supervision of Non-Lawyers,Lawyers must supervise non-lawyer staff,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Responsible for ensuring non-lawyers comply with ethical rules,Implement procedures for training and supervising non-lawyer staff.
Civil Procedure,Offer of Judgment,Party can make an offer to allow judgment to be entered,Maryland Rules on offers of judgment,Can affect cost shifting if offer is rejected and judgment is less favorable,Carefully evaluate offers of judgment; consider potential impact on costs and fees.
Civil Procedure,Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict (JNOV),Rarely granted in District Court due to de novo appeal,Maryland Rules on JNOV,Requires showing that no reasonable jury could have reached the verdict,Preserve JNOV arguments for appeal to Circuit Court if jury trial occurs.
Civil Procedure,Interpleader,District Court can resolve disputes over ownership of property held by a third party,Maryland Rules on interpleader,Allows stakeholder to avoid multiple lawsuits,Identify all potential claimants; deposit property with the court.
Criminal Law,Loitering,District Court may handle cases involving loitering in violation of local ordinances,Local ordinances and state law on loitering,First Amendment considerations; potential vagueness challenges,Assess constitutionality of loitering ordinances; determine if conduct falls within prohibited activities.
Criminal Law,Telephone Misuse,District Court handles misdemeanor cases involving obscene or harassing phone calls,Criminal Law Article on telephone misuse,Requires proof of intent to annoy or harass,Gather evidence of phone calls and content of messages; identify caller.
Criminal Law,Open Container Violations,District Court handles violations of open container laws,Alcoholic Beverages Article of Maryland Code,Exceptions for certain locations and events,Advise clients on open container laws and exceptions.
Family Law,Relocation of Child,District Court may handle initial disputes over relocation of child,Family Law Article on parental relocation,Requires notice to other parent and court approval in some cases,Gather evidence of best interests of the child; comply with notice requirements.
Family Law,Spousal Support (Temporary),District Court can order temporary spousal support during divorce proceedings,Family Law Article on alimony,Factors considered include financial need and ability to pay,Thoroughly document income and expenses of both parties; argue for or against temporary support.
Family Law,Enforcement of Visitation Orders,District Court handles enforcement of visitation orders,Family Law Article and contempt powers,Can result in make-up visitation, fines, or jail time,Document all instances of visitation denial; seek specific remedies for violations.
Landlord-Tenant,Late Fees,District Court interprets lease provisions on late fees,Landlord-Tenant Article and contract law,Limits on amount and enforceability of late fees,Review lease for compliance with late fee restrictions; advise clients on their rights.
Landlord-Tenant,Abandonment of Premises,Landlord may seek damages for abandonment of premises,Landlord-Tenant Article and contract law,Requires proof of abandonment and efforts to mitigate damages,Document evidence of abandonment; take steps to re-rent premises.
Contracts,Mistake,District Court may consider claims of mutual or unilateral mistake,Maryland contract law on mistake,Can render contract voidable or subject to reformation,Gather evidence of mistake and its materiality; seek rescission or reformation if appropriate.
Contracts,Duress,District Court may consider claims that contract was entered into under duress,Maryland contract law on duress,Requires proof of wrongful threat and lack of free will,Gather evidence of threats and their impact on party's decision-making.
Torts,Trespass to Chattels,District Court handles claims for interference with personal property,Common law tort of trespass to chattels,Requires intentional dispossession or unauthorized use,Document ownership and value of property; prove intent to interfere.
Torts,Negligent Misrepresentation,District Court may handle claims for negligent misrepresentation,Common law tort of negligent misrepresentation,Requires false statement made without reasonable care,Gather evidence of false statement, lack of care, and reliance.
Debt Collection,Post-Judgment Interrogatories,Creditor can serve interrogatories to discover debtor's assets,Maryland Rules on post-judgment discovery,Helps identify assets for garnishment or attachment,Use interrogatories strategically to identify and locate debtor's assets.
Estates and Trusts,Elective Share,Surviving spouse may have right to claim elective share against will,Estates and Trusts Article on elective share rights,Allows spouse to receive a portion of decedent's estate,Advise surviving spouses on their right to elective share; calculate the share amount.
Business Law,Piercing the Corporate Veil,May be argued in District Court in some business disputes,Maryland case law on piercing corporate veil,Requires showing of fraud or improper conduct,Gather evidence of commingling of funds or disregard of corporate formalities.
Employment Law,Non-Payment of Commissions,District Court handles claims for unpaid commissions,Maryland Wage Payment and Collection Law,Requires proof of agreement to pay commissions and performance of conditions,Document commission agreements; gather evidence of sales and performance.
Administrative Law,Tax Assessments,Appeals from property tax assessments,Maryland Tax-Property Article and administrative procedures,Requires exhaustion of administrative remedies,Review assessment notices; file timely appeals with appropriate agency.
Ethics,Conflicts Screening (Imputed Disqualification),Law firms must screen disqualified lawyers from participation in cases,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Requires timely and effective screening procedures,Implement written screening procedures; document compliance with screening.
Civil Procedure,Motion for New Trial,District Court rarely grants motions for new trial due to de novo appeal,Maryland Rules on new trials,Requires showing of error or irregularity in trial proceedings,Preserve arguments for new trial for appeal to Circuit Court if jury trial occurs.
Criminal Law,Solicitation,District Court may handle misdemeanor solicitation cases (e.g., prostitution, drug offenses),Criminal law definition of solicitation; requires intent to induce another to commit a crime,Gather evidence of communication and intent to solicit criminal activity.
Criminal Law,Discharging a Firearm,District Court may handle cases of unlawful discharge of a firearm,Criminal Law Article and local ordinances,Exceptions for self-defense and authorized shooting ranges,Advise clients on firearms laws and exceptions; investigate circumstances of discharge.
Family Law,Termination of Parental Rights,District Court may have initial involvement in some termination cases, but Circuit Court handles the ultimate termination proceedings,Family Law Article and Adoption Article,Requires clear and convincing evidence of parental unfitness,High stakes; gather evidence of abuse, neglect, or abandonment.
Landlord-Tenant,Tenant Holding Over,Landlord may seek damages and eviction for tenant holding over after lease expiration,Landlord-Tenant Article and contract law,Requires notice to quit; potential for double rent,Provide proper notice to tenant; file eviction action if necessary.
Contracts,Accord and Satisfaction,District Court may consider whether parties have reached accord and satisfaction,Maryland contract law on accord and satisfaction,Requires agreement to accept a different performance in satisfaction of original obligation,Gather evidence of agreement and performance of new obligation.
Torts,Defamation Per Se,District Court may handle claims for defamation per se,Common law and statutory law on defamation,Certain statements automatically presumed to be defamatory,Identify statements that qualify as defamation per se; gather evidence of publication and damages.
Debt Collection,Attachment of Property,Creditor can seek to attach debtor's property to satisfy judgment,Maryland Rules on attachment,Requires following specific procedures for obtaining writ of attachment,Identify property subject to attachment; comply with statutory requirements.
Estates and Trusts,Trust Accounting,District Court may handle disputes over trust accounting,Estates and Trusts Article on trustee duties,Requires trustee to provide regular accountings to beneficiaries,Review trust documents; request accountings; challenge improper accounting practices.
Business Law,Unfair Competition,District Court may handle smaller claims for unfair competition,Maryland common law and statutory law on unfair competition,Prohibits deceptive trade practices and misappropriation of trade secrets,Gather evidence of unfair or deceptive conduct and harm to business.
Employment Law,Retaliatory Discharge,Employee claims they were fired in retaliation for protected activity (e.g., whistleblowing),Requires proof of protected activity, adverse action, and causal connection,High burden of proof for employee,Gather evidence of protected activity, timing of termination, and employer's motive.
Administrative Law,Environmental Permits,Appeals from decisions related to environmental permits,Maryland environmental laws and regulations,Requires exhaustion of administrative remedies,Understand the permitting requirements and environmental regulations.
Ethics,Third-Party Neutrality,Lawyers acting as mediators or arbitrators must maintain neutrality,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Requires impartiality and disclosure of potential conflicts,Disclose any potential conflicts; maintain fairness and impartiality throughout the process.
Civil Procedure,Motion to Strike,Used to remove irrelevant or improper material from pleadings,Maryland Rules on motions to strike,Can help narrow issues for trial,Identify specific portions of pleadings that are irrelevant or improper; state grounds for striking.
Criminal Law,Stalking,District Court may handle misdemeanor stalking cases,Criminal Law Article on stalking,Requires a course of conduct that causes fear,Gather evidence of repeated acts and their impact on victim's fear.
Criminal Law,Disorderly Intoxication,District Court handles cases of disorderly intoxication,Criminal Law Article and local ordinances,Requires public intoxication and disruptive behavior,Gather evidence of intoxication and disruptive behavior.
Family Law,Adoption (Adult),District Court handles adult adoption cases,Family Law Article governs adult adoption,Requires consent of parties and court approval,Ensure compliance with statutory requirements for adult adoption.
Civil Procedure,Motion in Limine,Used to exclude evidence before trial,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Can streamline trial and prevent prejudice,File motions in limine to address evidentiary issues early in the case.
Civil Procedure,Requests for Admissions,Written requests to opposing party to admit or deny facts,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Can narrow issues for trial,Use requests for admissions strategically to establish undisputed facts.
Criminal Law,Theft of Services,District Court handles misdemeanor theft of services cases (e.g., skipping out on a restaurant bill),Criminal Law Article; value of services determines severity,Requires proof of intent to avoid payment,Gather evidence of service provided and intent to avoid payment.
Criminal Law,Violation of Protective Order,District Court handles cases involving violation of protective orders,Criminal Law Article; penalties can include jail time,Requires proof of knowledge of order and violation,Document all instances of contact; advise clients on restrictions imposed by order.
Family Law,Pre-Nuptial Agreements,District Court may consider validity of pre-nuptial agreements in divorce cases,Maryland contract law and Family Law Article,Requires full disclosure and voluntariness,Review pre-nuptial agreements carefully for enforceability; advise clients on their rights.
Family Law,Mediation (Family),Mediation often required in custody and other family disputes,Maryland ADR Rules and Family Law Article,Can help parties reach mutually agreeable solutions,Prepare clients for mediation; encourage good faith participation.
Landlord-Tenant,Lead Paint Disclosure,Landlords must disclose presence of lead paint in certain properties,Maryland Lead Poisoning Prevention Act,Failure to disclose can result in penalties,Advise landlords on lead paint disclosure requirements; advise tenants on their rights.
Landlord-Tenant,Mold Remediation,Landlords have responsibilities regarding mold remediation in rental properties,Maryland building codes and health regulations,Requires prompt and effective action to address mold issues,Document mold conditions; provide notice to landlord; seek remedies if landlord fails to act.
Contracts,Rescission,District Court may order rescission of a contract,Maryland contract law on rescission,Returns parties to their pre-contractual positions,Gather evidence justifying rescission; seek restitution of any benefits conferred.
Contracts,Unconscionability,District Court may consider whether contract terms are unconscionable,Maryland contract law on unconscionability,Requires grossly unfair or one-sided terms,Analyze contract terms for unfairness; argue for unenforceability.
Torts,Wrongful Death,District Court can handle smaller wrongful death claims,Maryland Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code,Requires proof of negligence and damages,Gather evidence of negligence and damages; consider removal to Circuit Court if complex.
Torts,Product Liability,District Court may handle smaller product liability claims,Maryland product liability law; strict liability and negligence theories,Requires proof of defect and causation,Gather evidence of product defect and injury; consider removal to Circuit Court if complex.
Debt Collection,Wage Garnishment,Creditor can garnish debtor's wages to satisfy judgment,Maryland Rules on wage garnishment,Limits on amount that can be garnished,Calculate maximum allowable garnishment; ensure compliance with procedural requirements.
Estates and Trusts,Inventory of Assets,Personal representatives must file inventory of estate assets,Estates and Trusts Article on administration of estates,Requires detailed listing of all property owned by decedent,Thoroughly identify and document all assets of the estate; prepare inventory accurately.
Business Law,Shareholder Disputes,District Court may handle some disputes involving shareholders of smaller corporations,Maryland Corporations and Associations Article,Requires understanding of shareholder rights and duties,Analyze shareholder agreement and corporate bylaws; advise clients on their rights.
Employment Law,Unemployment Insurance,District Court may hear appeals of denial of unemployment benefits,Maryland Unemployment Insurance Law,Requires proof of eligibility and compliance with requirements,Gather evidence of employment and termination; advise clients on their rights.
Administrative Law,Public Information Act Requests,District Court can enforce compliance with Maryland Public Information Act requests,Maryland Public Information Act,Requires government agencies to disclose certain records,Advise clients on their rights under the Public Information Act; prepare requests and appeals if necessary.
Ethics,Competence,Lawyers must provide competent representation,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Requires legal knowledge, skill, thoroughness, and preparation,Maintain current knowledge of relevant law; stay up-to-date on legal developments.
Civil Procedure,Motion for Summary Judgment (District Court Specific),Though less common, the moving party must show no genuine dispute of material fact,Maryland Rules of Civil Procedure,Higher standard of proof than in Circuit Court,Consider strategic implications carefully.
Criminal Law,Public Intoxication,District Court handles public intoxication cases,Maryland Criminal Law Article,Often involves local ordinances,Advise clients on potential penalties; consider diversion programs.
Family Law,Common Law Marriage,Maryland does not recognize common law marriage, but does recognize valid marriages from states that do.,Requires meeting specific requirements in the recognizing state,Advise clients on validity of marriage; research specific state requirements. 
Landlord-Tenant,Breach of Lease,Landlord or Tenant can sue for breach of lease,Maryland Real Property Article,Requires proof of material breach,Document violations of lease terms; provide notice to breaching party.
Contracts,Illegal Contracts,District Court will not enforce illegal contracts,Maryland contract law; illegality renders contract void,Analyze contract terms to determine legality,Advise clients on consequences of illegal contracts.
Torts,False Arrest,District Court can handle claims for false arrest,Common law and Constitutional torts,Requires unlawful detention or restraint,Gather evidence of unlawful restraint and damages.
Debt Collection,Statute of Limitations on Debt,District Court is bound by statute of limitations for debt collection lawsuits,Maryland Commercial Law Article,Debts past the statute of limitations are unenforceable,Verify date of last payment; advise clients on defenses related to statute of limitations.
Civil Procedure,Class Actions,Rarely filed in District Court due to complexity and jurisdictional limits,Maryland Rules on Class Actions; typically Circuit Court jurisdiction,Requires numerous specific criteria be met for certification,Evaluate if District Court has jurisdiction; removal to Circuit Court is common.
Civil Procedure,Motion for Reconsideration,Party can request court to reconsider its decision,Maryland Rules on Motions; very specific grounds,Must demonstrate new evidence or error of law or fact,Argue compelling reasons for reconsideration; emphasize new evidence.
Criminal Law,Reckless Driving,District Court handles reckless driving cases,Maryland Transportation Article; potentially serious penalties,Requires proof of wanton or willful disregard for safety,Gather evidence of speed, conditions, and driving conduct.
Criminal Law,Second Degree Assault,District Court handles second-degree assault cases,Maryland Criminal Law Article; misdemeanor offense,Requires proof of intent to frighten or injure,Gather evidence of defendant's actions and victim's injuries or fear.
Family Law,Child Support Arrearages,District Court enforces collection of past-due child support,Maryland Family Law Article; various collection methods,Requires diligent record-keeping of payments,Enforce payment through wage garnishment, liens, or other methods.
Family Law,Custody Evaluations,District Court can order custody evaluations by professionals,Maryland Family Law Article; best interests of the child,Can be influential in custody decisions,Prepare clients for evaluation process; provide relevant information.
Landlord-Tenant,Tenant's Right to Repair and Deduct,Tenants can sometimes repair defects and deduct cost from rent,Maryland Real Property Article; specific requirements,Requires notice to landlord and reasonable opportunity to repair,Advise tenants on proper procedure for repair and deduct; document expenses.
Landlord-Tenant,Landlord's Lien,Landlords may have lien on tenant's personal property for unpaid rent,Maryland Real Property Article; restrictions apply,Limited in scope and procedure,Advise landlords on the proper use and limitations of landlord's lien.
Contracts,Breach of Warranty,District Court handles breach of warranty claims for smaller purchases,Maryland Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and contract law,Requires proof of warranty and breach,Gather evidence of warranty, defect, and damages.
Contracts,Liquidated Damages,District Court will enforce reasonable liquidated damages clauses,Maryland contract law; unenforceable if punitive,Must be a reasonable estimate of actual damages,Analyze liquidated damages clauses for reasonableness; challenge excessive amounts.
Torts,Defamation (Slander),District Court handles slander (spoken defamation) claims,Maryland tort law; requires publication and false statement,Damages can be difficult to prove for slander,Gather evidence of false statements made and damages suffered.
Torts,Malicious Prosecution,District Court can handle malicious prosecution claims,Maryland tort law; requires proof of prior lawsuit without probable cause,High burden of proof,Gather evidence of lack of probable cause and malicious intent in prior suit.
Debt Collection,Fair Credit Billing Act,District Court handles disputes related to billing errors,Federal Fair Credit Billing Act,Provides consumers with rights to dispute errors on credit card bills,Advise clients on their rights under the FCRA; assist with disputes.
Estates and Trusts,Undue Influence,May be alleged in District Court will contests,Maryland Estates and Trusts Article,Requires proof of coercion or manipulation affecting testator's free will,Gather evidence of influencer's actions and testator's vulnerability.
Business Law,Trade Libel,District Court may handle smaller trade libel claims (business defamation),Maryland tort law; requires false statements harming business reputation,Requires proof of special damages,Gather evidence of false statements and their impact on business revenue.
Employment Law,Wage Discrimination,District Court can handle smaller wage discrimination claims,Maryland Fair Employment Practices Act and Equal Pay Act,Requires proof of unequal pay for equal work based on protected status,Gather evidence of pay disparity and discriminatory motive.
Administrative Law,Open Meetings Act,District Court can enforce compliance with Maryland Open Meetings Act,Maryland Open Meetings Act; requires government meetings be open to public,Certain exceptions apply,Advise clients on their rights under the Open Meetings Act; challenge closed meetings.
Ethics,Duty of Candor to the Tribunal,Lawyers must be truthful to the court,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Prohibits misrepresentations and false evidence,Disclose adverse legal authority; correct false statements made to the court.
Civil Procedure,Motion to Compel Discovery,Used to enforce discovery requests against non-compliant parties,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Requires court order to compel responses,File motions to compel when necessary; document non-compliance.
Criminal Law,Trespass to Land,District Court handles criminal trespass to land cases,Maryland Criminal Law Article,Various degrees depending on circumstances (e.g., posting requirements),Advise clients on trespass laws and defenses; investigate notice requirements.
Family Law,Domestic Violence (Criminal),District Court handles criminal charges related to domestic violence,Maryland Criminal Law Article; range of offenses,Requires proof of assault or threat of harm against family member,Gather evidence of abuse; advise victims of their rights and resources.
Landlord-Tenant,Retaliatory Eviction (Filing),If successful, a tenant may recover damages and attorney’s fees,Maryland Real Property Article § 8-208.1,Filing within one year is required,Advise tenant of their rights if landlord brings a retaliatory eviction action.
Contracts,Interpretation of Contracts,District Court interprets contracts based on plain meaning of terms,Maryland contract law principles of interpretation,Ambiguous terms construed against drafter,Carefully analyze contract language; argue for interpretations favorable to client.
Torts,Negligence Per Se,District Court applies negligence per se doctrine,Maryland tort law; violation of statute establishes negligence,Requires statute designed to prevent the harm that occurred,Determine if statutory violation occurred and if negligence per se applies.
Debt Collection,Debt Buyer Lawsuits,District Court sees a high volume of debt buyer lawsuits,Maryland Commercial Law Article; validation of debts often an issue,Requires thorough investigation of debt ownership and validity,Advise clients on rights related to debt validation; challenge questionable debts.
Estates and Trusts,Lack of Testamentary Capacity,Grounds for challenging a will in District Court,Maryland Estates and Trusts Article,Requires proof that testator lacked mental capacity at time of signing,Gather evidence of testator's mental state; obtain medical opinions.
Civil Procedure,Consent Orders,Parties can agree to resolve case through consent order,Maryland Rules; must be approved by court,Can streamline proceedings and avoid trial,Negotiate favorable terms; ensure order is clear and enforceable.
Civil Procedure,Collateral Estoppel (Issue Preclusion),Issue decided in prior case cannot be relitigated,Maryland Rules; applies to District and Circuit Court,Requires final judgment on the merits in prior case,Research prior cases; argue for application of collateral estoppel.
Criminal Law,Child Neglect,District Court may handle initial child neglect cases,Maryland Family Law Article; serious offense,Requires proof of failure to provide basic needs,Gather evidence of neglectful conditions; cooperate with Child Protective Services.
Criminal Law,Credit Card Fraud,District Court handles misdemeanor credit card fraud cases,Maryland Criminal Law Article; value determines severity,Requires proof of unauthorized use of credit card,Gather evidence of card use and intent to defraud.
Family Law,Child Support Guidelines,District Court uses guidelines to calculate child support,Maryland Family Law Article; guidelines are presumptive,Deviations allowed in certain circumstances,Calculate support obligations; argue for deviations if appropriate.
Family Law,Common Law Marriage (Recognition of Out-of-State Marriages),Maryland recognizes valid common law marriages established in other jurisdictions,No common law marriage in MD, but must recognize valid out-of-state marriages,Advise clients on requirements for establishing common law marriage in other states.
Landlord-Tenant,Condominium Association Disputes,District Court may handle certain condo disputes involving limited monetary amounts,Maryland Condominium Act,Usually specific dispute resolution procedures within condo association,Advise clients on condo bylaws and dispute resolution procedures.
Landlord-Tenant,Certificate of Occupancy,Landlords must have valid certificate of occupancy,Maryland building codes and local ordinances,Required for habitability,Ensure compliance with building codes; advise clients on obtaining certificate.
Contracts,Choice of Law Clauses,District Court applies choice of law provisions in contracts,Maryland contract law; generally enforceable,Choice of law can impact interpretation and enforcement,Analyze choice of law clauses; consider potential impact on case.
Contracts,Commercial Lease Disputes,District Court handles smaller commercial lease disputes,Maryland Real Property Article and contract law,Often involves complex lease terms,Carefully review lease agreement; consider removal to Circuit Court if necessary.
Torts,Cyberstalking,District Court handles misdemeanor cyberstalking cases,Maryland Criminal Law Article; involves electronic communication,Requires course of conduct causing fear,Gather evidence of online harassment; advise clients on protective orders.
Torts,Conversion of Funds,District Court handles claims for conversion (misappropriation) of funds,Maryland tort law; requires intentional interference with funds,Proof of unauthorized use and damages,Trace movement of funds; document unauthorized transactions.
Debt Collection,Collection Agency Licensing,Collection agencies must be licensed in Maryland,Maryland Collection Agency Licensing Act,Unlicensed agencies cannot collect debts,Verify licensing status of collection agency; advise clients on defenses if unlicensed.
Estates and Trusts,Undue Influence (Challenging a Will),Will contests can be filed in District Court (small estates),Maryland Estates and Trusts Article,Requires proof of coercion or pressure,Gather evidence of undue influence; prepare for potential trial.
Business Law,Construction Lien Law,District Court may handle smaller disputes over construction liens,Maryland Construction Lien Law; complex statutory requirements,Requires strict adherence to notice and filing deadlines,Advise clients on lien procedures; ensure timely filing of lien claims.
Employment Law,Constructive Discharge (Evidentiary Issues),High burden of proof in constructive discharge cases,Maryland employment law; gathering evidence is crucial,Requires showing intolerable working conditions,Document working conditions and employer actions; gather witness testimony.
Administrative Law,Contested Case Hearings,Administrative agencies hold hearings before issuing decisions,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Requires due process protections; rules of evidence may differ,Prepare clients for administrative hearings; gather evidence supporting their position.
Ethics,Confidentiality (Exceptions),Certain exceptions to attorney-client confidentiality,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,E.g., preventing imminent harm, complying with court orders,Seek ethical guidance when dealing with potential exceptions to confidentiality.
Civil Procedure,Challenges to Jurisdiction,Party can challenge District Court's jurisdiction,Maryland Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code,Lack of subject matter or personal jurisdiction,File motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction; support with evidence.
Criminal Law,DUI/DWI (Implied Consent),Drivers impliedly consent to chemical testing for alcohol,Maryland Transportation Article,Refusal can lead to license suspension,Advise clients on implied consent law and consequences of refusal.
Family Law,Custody (Third-Party),Third parties can seek custody in certain circumstances,Maryland Family Law Article; requires extraordinary circumstances,Standing issues; high burden of proof,Gather evidence of exceptional circumstances justifying third-party custody.
Landlord-Tenant,Commercial Eviction,District Court handles commercial eviction cases,Maryland Real Property Article; distinct from residential eviction,Lease terms govern procedure,Carefully review lease agreement; comply with notice requirements.
Contracts,Capacity to Contract (Minors),Contracts with minors are generally voidable,Maryland contract law; minors can disaffirm contracts,Exceptions for necessities,Advise minors on their rights to disaffirm contracts; research exceptions.
Torts,Defamation (Libel),District Court handles libel (written defamation) claims,Maryland tort law; requires publication and false statement,Libel can be easier to prove than slander,Gather evidence of written statements and publication; prove damages.
Civil Procedure,Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Courts & Judicial Proceedings Code,District Court's limited jurisdiction,Carefully review jurisdictional limits before filing; consider removal or transfer.
Civil Procedure,Lack of Personal Jurisdiction,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Rules on service of process,Insufficient contacts with Maryland,Challenge service of process; demonstrate lack of minimum contacts.
Civil Procedure,Failure to State a Claim,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Rules on pleading,Complaint fails to allege essential elements of claim,Draft clear and concise complaints; anticipate potential challenges.
Civil Procedure,Statute of Limitations,Motion to Dismiss/Summary Judgment,Maryland statutes of limitations vary by claim,Time-barred claims are dismissed,Carefully calculate deadlines; file within limitations period.
Civil Procedure,Improper Venue,Motion to Transfer/Dismiss,Maryland Rules on venue,Case filed in wrong district or county,File motion to transfer or dismiss; demonstrate proper venue.
Criminal Law,Lack of Probable Cause,Motion to Dismiss/Suppress,4th Amendment/Maryland case law,Insufficient evidence to support charges,Challenge arrest and search legality; move to suppress evidence.
Criminal Law,Violation of Speedy Trial Rights,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Rules on criminal procedure,Delay in bringing case to trial,Assert speedy trial rights; calculate allowable time limits.
Criminal Law,Selective Prosecution,Motion to Dismiss,14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause,Discriminatory enforcement of law,Demonstrate discriminatory intent; high burden of proof.
Family Law,Lack of Standing,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Family Law Article,Party lacks legal right to bring claim,Challenge party's right to seek relief; demonstrate lack of standing.
Family Law,Failure to Mediate,Motion to Dismiss/Stay Proceedings,Maryland Family Law Article and Rules,Mediation required in some cases before trial,Ensure compliance with mediation requirements; participate in good faith.
Landlord-Tenant,Failure to Provide Proper Notice,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Real Property Article,Landlord failed to provide required notice (e.g., breach, eviction),Review notice requirements; challenge sufficiency of notice.
Landlord-Tenant,Retaliatory Eviction,Affirmative Defense,Maryland Real Property Article,Landlord evicting tenant in retaliation for protected activity,Raise retaliatory eviction as defense; gather evidence of landlord's motive.
Contracts,Statute of Frauds,Motion to Dismiss/Defense,Maryland contract law,Certain contracts must be in writing,Argue contract is unenforceable due to Statute of Frauds violation.
Contracts,Lack of Consideration,Motion to Dismiss/Defense,Maryland contract law,No bargained-for exchange of value,Demonstrate absence of consideration; show gratuitous promise.
Torts,Immunity,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland tort law; various types of immunity (e.g., governmental, spousal),Defendant protected from liability,Assert applicable immunity defense; demonstrate entitlement to protection.
Torts,Contributory Negligence,Motion for Summary Judgment/Defense,Maryland tort law; complete bar to recovery,Plaintiff's own negligence contributed to injury,Demonstrate plaintiff's negligence; establish proximate cause.
Debt Collection,Failure to Comply with FDCPA,Motion to Dismiss/Counterclaim,Federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,Debt collector violated collection practices,Assert violations as defense or basis for counterclaim; seek damages.
Debt Collection,Lack of Standing (Debt Buyer),Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Commercial Law Article,Debt buyer lacks proper chain of title,Challenge debt buyer's standing to sue; require proof of ownership.
Estates and Trusts,Invalid Will Execution,Challenge to Will,Maryland Estates and Trusts Article,Will not properly signed or witnessed,Gather evidence of improper execution; challenge validity of will.
Estates and Trusts,Will Contests (Lack of Testamentary Capacity),Challenge to Will,Maryland Estates and Trusts Article,Testator lacked mental capacity at signing,Gather evidence of incapacity; medical testimony helpful.
Business Law,Failure to Exhaust Administrative Remedies,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Administrative remedies not exhausted before filing suit,Demonstrate availability of administrative remedies; argue for dismissal.
Employment Law,At-Will Employment,Motion for Summary Judgment/Defense,Maryland employment law; no contract or just cause required for termination,Exceptions for discrimination or public policy violations,Establish at-will status; demonstrate no exceptions apply.
Administrative Law,Lack of Agency Jurisdiction,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency lacks authority to hear the matter,Challenge agency's jurisdiction based on statute or regulations.
Ethics,Motion to Disqualify Counsel,Motion to Disqualify,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Conflict of interest or ethical violation by opposing counsel,Demonstrate conflict or ethical breach; seek disqualification of counsel.
Civil Procedure,Irrelevance,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Evidence not relevant to any issue in the case,Demonstrate lack of probative value; argue prejudice outweighs any relevance.
Civil Procedure,Hearsay,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Out-of-court statement offered for the truth of the matter asserted,Identify hearsay statements; argue lack of applicable exception.
Civil Procedure,Lack of Foundation,Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Witness lacks personal knowledge or authentication of evidence,Establish lack of foundation through cross-examination; object to admissibility.
Civil Procedure,Unfair Prejudice,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Probative value substantially outweighed by danger of unfair prejudice,Argue prejudice outweighs probative value; emphasize potential to mislead jury.
Criminal Law,Illegal Search and Seizure,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland case law,Evidence obtained in violation of defendant's rights,Challenge warrant validity; demonstrate illegal search or seizure.
Criminal Law,Miranda Violation,Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment/Maryland case law,Confession obtained without proper Miranda warnings,Demonstrate custodial interrogation and lack of warnings; argue for suppression.
Criminal Law,Fruit of the Poisonous Tree,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland case law,Evidence derived from illegal search or seizure,Trace connection between illegal act and evidence; argue for exclusion.
Criminal Law,Chain of Custody Issues,Motion to Suppress/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Gaps or inconsistencies in chain of custody of evidence,Demonstrate lack of proper handling and storage; raise doubts about authenticity.
Family Law,Privilege,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence; e.g., spousal, therapist-patient,Assert applicable privilege; object to disclosure of confidential communications.
Family Law,Best Interests of the Child (Relevance),Objection,Maryland Family Law Article,Evidence not relevant to child's best interests,Argue irrelevance to custody determination; focus on child's well-being.
Landlord-Tenant,Improperly Obtained Evidence,Motion to Suppress/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence; landlord's illegal entry,Challenge legality of landlord's access to property; argue for exclusion.
Contracts,Parol Evidence Rule,Objection,Maryland contract law,Extrinsic evidence contradicting written contract terms,Argue contract is unambiguous; object to admission of parol evidence.
Torts,Subsequent Remedial Measures,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Evidence of repairs or safety improvements after injury,Argue evidence is inadmissible to prove negligence or culpable conduct.
Torts,Character Evidence,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Evidence of party's character offered to prove conduct in conformity,Argue character evidence is inadmissible; emphasize potential prejudice.
Debt Collection,Evidence of Debt Ownership,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Commercial Law Article,Debt buyer lacks proof of ownership,Challenge chain of title; require authenticated documentation.
Estates and Trusts,Hearsay (Statements of Decedent),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence; exceptions for statements against interest, etc.,Statements made by deceased person,Argue for or against applicable hearsay exceptions.
Business Law,Attorney-Client Privilege,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Confidential communications between attorney and client,Assert privilege; protect client communications from disclosure.
Employment Law,Prior Acts of Employee,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Evidence of past misconduct unrelated to current claim,Argue irrelevance and prejudice; seek exclusion of prior acts.
Administrative Law,Improper Administrative Procedures,Motion to Exclude,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Evidence obtained in violation of agency rules,Challenge agency's procedures; argue for exclusion of evidence.
Ethics,Evidence Obtained Through Ethical Violation,Motion to Suppress/Objection,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Evidence obtained by attorney in violation of ethical rules,Argue for exclusion; emphasize importance of ethical conduct.
Civil Procedure,Opinion Testimony (Lay Witness),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Lay witness offering improper opinion testimony,Object to opinions outside witness's personal knowledge or helpful to jury.
Civil Procedure,Expert Testimony (Daubert Challenge),Motion in Limine,Maryland Rules of Evidence; Daubert Standard,Challenge expert qualifications or methodology,Scrutinize expert qualifications, methodology, and reliability.
Criminal Law,Confessions (Voluntariness),Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment/Maryland case law,Confession obtained through coercion or duress,Challenge voluntariness of confession; demonstrate police misconduct.
Criminal Law,Prior Bad Acts,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Evidence of prior crimes or bad acts generally inadmissible,Exceptions for motive, intent, etc.; 404(b),Argue against admissibility under Rule 404(b); emphasize prejudice.
Family Law,Child's Testimony (Competency),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Child witness may be incompetent to testify,Challenge child's understanding of oath and ability to communicate,Voir dire child witness to assess competency; object if necessary.
Family Law,Parental Alienation Syndrome,Motion in Limine,Controversial theory; admissibility varies by jurisdiction,Scientific validity questioned,Challenge admissibility of PAS evidence; offer alternative explanations.
Landlord-Tenant,Photographs/Videos (Authentication),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Photos or videos not properly authenticated,Challenge foundation for admission; question accuracy and relevance.
Landlord-Tenant,Repair Records (Hearsay/Relevance),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Repair records may be hearsay or irrelevant,Argue against admissibility as business records or for lack of relevance.
Contracts,Settlement Negotiations,Motion in Limine/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Evidence of settlement offers generally inadmissible,Protects confidentiality of settlement discussions,Object to admission of settlement offers or discussions.
Contracts,Trade Usage/Custom,Objection/Motion in Limine,Maryland UCC; relevance to contract interpretation,Evidence of industry practice to explain contract terms,Argue against admissibility if contradicts clear contract language.
Torts,Medical Records (Hearsay/Privacy),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence/HIPAA,Medical records may be hearsay or protected by privacy laws,Argue for admission under business records exception or other hearsay exception.
Torts,Statements Made for Medical Diagnosis or Treatment,Objection/Exception to Hearsay,Maryland Rule of Evidence 8-803(b)(4),Statements made for medical diagnosis or treatment are admissible,Ensure statements were made for and pertinent to diagnosis or treatment,Argue for admission; establish relevance and reliability.
Debt Collection,Harassing Communications,Motion in Limine,Federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA),Abusive or deceptive collection practices,Demonstrate FDCPA violation; seek exclusion of evidence.
Estates and Trusts,Attorney-Client Privilege (Decedent),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence; privilege survives death,Confidential communications between decedent and attorney,Assert privilege on behalf of estate; protect decedent's communications.
Business Law,Emails (Authentication/Hearsay),Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence; business records exception,Emails may be hearsay or require authentication,Establish foundation for email admission; argue against hearsay objections.
Employment Law,Personnel Records (Privacy/Relevance),Objection,Maryland Rules on personnel records/discovery,Personnel files may be protected by privacy laws or irrelevant,Argue against admissibility based on privacy concerns or lack of relevance.
Administrative Law,Ex Parte Communications,Motion to Exclude,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Improper communications between agency and one party,Challenge fairness of proceedings; seek exclusion of evidence.
Ethics,Evidence Obtained Through Illegal Conduct,Motion to Suppress/Objection,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct/Evidence,Evidence obtained through attorney's illegal conduct,Argue for exclusion; emphasize duty to uphold the law.
Civil Procedure,Mediation Requirement,Pre-trial Order/Rule,Maryland Rules on ADR,Court may order mediation in certain case types,Ensure compliance with mediation deadlines; select qualified mediator.
Civil Procedure,Mediator Selection,Agreement of Parties/Court Appointment,Maryland Rules on ADR,Parties may choose mediator or court may appoint,Carefully consider mediator experience and expertise; propose neutral mediator.
Civil Procedure,Mediation Confidentiality,Maryland Rules on ADR,Statements made in mediation generally inadmissible,Encourages open communication during mediation,Advise clients about confidentiality protections; avoid disclosing privileged information.
Civil Procedure,Discovery Deadline,Pre-trial Order/Rule,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Discovery must be completed before mediation,Complete discovery requests and responses promptly; seek extensions if necessary.
Civil Procedure,Settlement Negotiations,Ongoing throughout pre-trial process,Maryland Rules on ADR/Settlement,Parties encouraged to explore settlement before trial,Engage in good faith negotiations; consider mediation as forum for settlement.
Civil Procedure,Pre-Trial Conference,Scheduling Order/Rule,Maryland Rules on pre-trial procedure,Court may hold pre-trial conference to manage case,Prepare for pre-trial conference; discuss case status and potential settlement.
Criminal Law,Plea Negotiations,Ongoing throughout pre-trial process,Maryland Rules on criminal procedure,Prosecutor and defense attorney negotiate plea agreement,Assess strength of case; advise client on plea offer risks and benefits.
Criminal Law,Motions Hearing,Scheduling Order/Rule,Maryland Rules on criminal procedure,Hearings on pre-trial motions (e.g., suppression, dismissal),File motions timely; prepare arguments and evidence for hearing.
Family Law,Custody Mediation,Statutory requirement in contested custody cases,Maryland Family Law Article on mediation,Focus on child's best interests; attempt to reach agreement,Prepare clients for mediation; gather information relevant to child's well-being.
Family Law,Child Support Mediation,May be required in contested support cases,Maryland Family Law Article,Focus on child's needs and parents' financial resources,Gather financial documents; prepare calculations based on child support guidelines.
Landlord-Tenant,Mediation (Lease Disputes),May be encouraged by court in certain landlord-tenant disputes,Maryland Rules on ADR,Opportunity to resolve issues without trial,Prepare for mediation; document damages and relevant lease terms.
Contracts,Mediation (Breach of Contract),May be court-ordered or agreed upon by parties,Maryland Rules on ADR; contracts often have mediation clauses,Can be effective way to resolve commercial disputes,Prepare for mediation; gather evidence of breach and damages.
Torts,Mediation (Personal Injury),Often utilized in personal injury cases,Maryland Rules on ADR,Opportunity to settle claims before trial,Assess damages; prepare settlement demand; consider mediation strategy.
Debt Collection,Mediation (FDCPA Claims),May be beneficial in Fair Debt Collection Practices Act cases,Federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and state ADR rules,Resolve disputes over collection practices; negotiate settlement,Gather evidence of FDCPA violations; prepare for mediation.
Estates and Trusts,Mediation (Will Contests),May be ordered by court or agreed upon by beneficiaries,Maryland Estates and Trusts Article and ADR rules,Avoid costly litigation; reach agreement on distribution of assets,Prepare for mediation; gather evidence supporting will challenge or defense.
Business Law,Mediation (Business Disputes),Common method for resolving business disagreements,Maryland Rules on ADR; contracts often include mediation clauses,Preserve business relationships; reach mutually acceptable solutions,Prepare for mediation; understand business interests and legal positions.
Employment Law,Mediation (Discrimination Claims),Often required before filing discrimination lawsuit,Maryland Fair Employment Practices Act; EEOC encourages mediation,Resolve claims without litigation; negotiate settlement,Gather evidence of discrimination; prepare for mediation.
Administrative Law,Mediation (Agency Disputes),May be offered by administrative agencies,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act and agency rules,Resolve disputes informally before administrative hearing,Prepare for mediation; gather evidence supporting client's position.
Ethics,Mediation Ethics,Mediators must be impartial and neutral,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct; mediator ethics standards,Avoid conflicts of interest; maintain confidentiality,Disclose any potential conflicts; adhere to ethical guidelines for mediators.
Civil Procedure,Scheduling Order,Pre-Trial Activity,Maryland Rules,Establishes deadlines for discovery, motions, and other pre-trial matters,Adhere to deadlines; seek extensions if needed.
Civil Procedure,Motions in Limine,Pre-Trial Motions,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Seek to exclude evidence before trial,File motions timely; anticipate evidentiary challenges.
Civil Procedure,Interrogatories,Discovery,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Written questions to opposing party,Draft clear and concise interrogatories; respond thoroughly and accurately.
Civil Procedure,Depositions,Discovery,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Oral examination of witnesses under oath,Prepare witnesses thoroughly; use depositions strategically.
Criminal Law,Arraignment,Initial Appearance,Maryland Rules of Criminal Procedure,Defendant formally advised of charges and enters plea,Advise client on plea options; consider bail arguments.
Criminal Law,Discovery (Criminal),Pre-Trial Discovery,Maryland Rules on Criminal Procedure,Exchange of information between prosecution and defense,Request exculpatory evidence; comply with discovery obligations.
Criminal Law,Motion to Suppress Evidence,Pre-Trial Motion,4th Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Challenge legality of search and seizure,Argue for exclusion of illegally obtained evidence; prepare for evidentiary hearing.
Family Law,Financial Affidavits,Pre-Trial Disclosure,Maryland Family Law Rules,Detailed disclosure of financial information,Complete affidavits accurately and thoroughly; update if circumstances change.
Family Law,Custody Evaluations (Scheduling),Pre-Trial Activity,Maryland Family Law Article,Evaluation of parents and child by mental health professional,Coordinate scheduling with evaluator; prepare clients for evaluation process.
Landlord-Tenant,Inspection of Premises,Pre-Trial Investigation,Maryland Real Property Article,Landlord and tenant may inspect property before trial,Document condition of premises; gather evidence supporting claims or defenses.
Landlord-Tenant,Notice to Quit,Pre-Requisite to Eviction,Maryland Real Property Article,Formal notice terminating tenancy,Ensure proper service of notice to quit; comply with statutory requirements.
Contracts,Demand Letter,Pre-Litigation Communication,Maryland contract law,Formal demand for performance or payment,Send demand letter before filing suit; preserve evidence of breach.
Contracts,Document Production (Pre-Trial),Discovery,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Exchange of relevant contracts and other documents,Request and produce relevant documents; organize and analyze contract terms.
Torts,Medical Examinations (Independent Medical Examination – IME),Pre-Trial Discovery,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Defendant can request plaintiff undergo IME,Prepare client for IME; challenge qualifications of examiner if necessary.
Torts,Expert Disclosures,Pre-Trial Disclosure,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Disclosure of expert opinions and qualifications,Disclose expert reports and CVs timely; anticipate Daubert challenges.
Debt Collection,Debt Validation Request,Pre-Litigation Communication,Federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA),Consumer's right to request verification of debt,Send validation request within 30 days of initial communication; review response carefully.
Estates and Trusts,Notice to Creditors,Pre-Trial Notification,Maryland Estates and Trusts Article,Notice to known creditors of decedent's death,Publish notice to creditors; comply with statutory deadlines.
Business Law,Corporate Records Review,Pre-Trial Investigation,Maryland Rules on Discovery/Business Records,Review corporate documents relevant to dispute,Request and review corporate minutes, bylaws, and other relevant records.
Employment Law,EEOC Charge,Pre-Requisite to Lawsuit,Federal and Maryland anti-discrimination laws,Filing charge with EEOC before filing discrimination suit,Exhaust administrative remedies; file charge within statutory deadline.
Administrative Law,Agency Investigation,Pre-Hearing Procedure,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency investigates complaint before issuing decision,Cooperate with investigation; provide requested documents and information.
Ethics,Conflict Check,Pre-Trial Duty,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Screen for conflicts of interest before accepting representation,Implement effective conflict check system; disclose and address any potential conflicts.
Debt Collection,Falsely Representing Legal Documents,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits deceptive or misleading representations,Debt collector sends documents that falsely appear to be court orders,Challenge deceptive practices; file FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss.
Debt Collection,Threatening to Damage Credit Report Unlawfully,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA restricts communication with credit reporting agencies,Debt collector threatens to report debt inaccurately or prematurely,Demonstrate unlawful threat; pursue FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss or sanctions.
Debt Collection,Collecting on Discharged Debts (Bankruptcy),Motion to Dismiss/Sanctions,Federal Bankruptcy Code; discharged debts are no longer legally enforceable,Debt collector attempts to collect debt discharged in bankruptcy,Provide proof of discharge; seek sanctions for violation of bankruptcy order.
Debt Collection,Using Post-Dated Checks Improperly,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,Maryland Commercial Law Article and FDCPA; restrictions apply,Debt collector abuses post-dated checks; attempts to cash early,Challenge unlawful practices; seek damages under FDCPA and state law.
Debt Collection,Failing to Provide Itemization of Debt,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA requires specific information about the debt upon request,Debt collector fails to provide detailed breakdown of debt,Demand itemization; file FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss if collector fails to provide details.
Debt Collection,Deceptive Use of Language or Misleading Tactics,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits deceptive means to collect a debt,Debt collector uses confusing or misleading language to coerce payment,Demonstrate deceptive tactics; argue for dismissal and pursue FDCPA claim.
Debt Collection,Misrepresenting the Amount of the Debt,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits false representations about the amount owed,Debt collector inflates debt amount or adds unauthorized charges,Challenge accuracy of debt; file FDCPA claim and motion for sanctions or dismissal.
Debt Collection,Impersonating a Law Enforcement Officer or Attorney,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits falsely representing oneself as an official,Debt collector pretends to be police officer, lawyer, or government agent,Gather evidence of impersonation; file FDCPA claim and seek sanctions/dismissal.
Debt Collection,Threatening Criminal Prosecution for Civil Debt,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits threats of criminal action for civil debt,Debt collector threatens arrest or criminal charges for unpaid debt,Demonstrate unlawful threat; pursue FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss.
Debt Collection,Failing to Disclose That Communication is from a Debt Collector,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA requires debt collectors to identify themselves as such,Debt collector attempts to conceal their identity or purpose,Demonstrate failure to disclose; file FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss.
Debt Collection,Excessive or Unreasonable Collection Fees,Motion to Dismiss/Counterclaim,Maryland law limits permissible collection fees,Debt collector adds excessive or unreasonable fees to the debt,Challenge unlawful fees; seek refund and damages under state law.
Debt Collection,Communicating After Being Informed Debtor is Represented by Counsel,Motion for Sanctions/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits contacting debtor directly after notice of representation,Debt collector continues to contact debtor after being informed of attorney,Demonstrate communication occurred after notice; seek sanctions and FDCPA damages.
Debt Collection,Furnishing False Information to Credit Reporting Agencies,Motion for Injunctive Relief/FCRA Claim,Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates reporting to credit bureaus,Debt collector reports inaccurate or incomplete information,Dispute inaccurate information with credit bureaus; seek injunctive relief and damages under FCRA.
Debt Collection,Violating State Licensing Requirements,Motion to Dismiss/State Law Claim,Maryland Collection Agency Licensing Act requires licensing,Unlicensed debt collector attempts to collect debt in Maryland,Challenge collector's right to collect due to licensing violation; seek dismissal and state law remedies.
Debt Collection,Debt Parking (Reporting Inaccurate Information to Credit Bureaus),Motion for Injunctive Relief/FCRA Claim,FCRA prohibits reporting inaccurate or incomplete information,Debt buyer reports debt without verifying accuracy,Dispute inaccurate information with credit bureaus; seek injunctive relief and damages under FCRA.
Debt Collection,Filing Suit in Improper Venue,Motion to Dismiss/Transfer,Maryland Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code § 6-101 et seq.,Debt collector sues in wrong jurisdiction,Challenge venue; demonstrate proper venue lies elsewhere.
Debt Collection,Refiling Dismissed Cases,Motion to Dismiss/Sanctions,Maryland Rules; potential abuse of process,Repeatedly filing and dismissing the same claim,Argue res judicata/collateral estoppel; seek sanctions for frivolous filings.
Debt Collection,Serving Process Improperly,Motion to Quash Service/Dismiss,Maryland Rules on service of process,Debt collector fails to serve defendant properly,Challenge improper service; demonstrate lack of proper notice.
Debt Collection,Misrepresenting the Debt,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,Federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA),Inflating debt amount or misrepresenting debt's character,Challenge validity of debt; file FDCPA counterclaim for damages.
Debt Collection,Failing to Validate Debt After Request,Motion for Summary Judgment/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA requires validation of debt upon written request,Debt collector continues collection efforts without validation,Demand validation; file motion if collector fails to comply; pursue FDCPA claim.
Debt Collection,Harassing or Abusive Conduct,Motion for Sanctions/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits harassing, oppressive, or abusive conduct,Debt collector uses threatening language or excessive phone calls,Document harassing behavior; file motion for sanctions and FDCPA counterclaim.
Debt Collection,False Threats of Arrest or Legal Action,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits false threats of arrest or legal action,Debt collector threatens arrest or lawsuit without legal basis,Gather evidence of false threats; file FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss.
Debt Collection,Contacting Third Parties Improperly,Motion for Protective Order/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA limits contact with third parties about debt,Debt collector discusses debt with family, friends, or employers,Demonstrate improper third-party contact; seek protective order and FDCPA damages.
Debt Collection,Collecting Unlawful Fees or Interest,Motion to Dismiss/Counterclaim,Maryland Commercial Law Article,Debt collector attempts to collect fees or interest not authorized by law,Challenge unlawful fees; seek refund and damages for violations.
Debt Collection,Misrepresenting Collection Agency Status,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA prohibits misrepresenting collector's identity or purpose,Debt collector falsely claims to be attorney or government official,Gather evidence of misrepresentation; file FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss.
Debt Collection,Using Robo-calls or Automated Dialers Illegally,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,Federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) restrictions on automated calls,Debt collector violates TCPA rules,Demonstrate illegal use of robo-calls; seek damages under TCPA.
Debt Collection,Suing on Time-Barred Debts,Motion to Dismiss/Defense,Maryland statute of limitations on debt collection,Debt is beyond the statute of limitations for legal action,Assert statute of limitations defense; obtain dismissal of case.
Debt Collection,Seizing Exempt Property,Motion for Return of Property/Damages,Maryland law on exemptions from execution,Debt collector attempts to seize property protected by law,Demonstrate property is exempt; seek return of property and damages for wrongful seizure.
Debt Collection,Failing to Provide Notice of Right to Dispute Debt,Motion to Dismiss/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA requires notice of validation rights in initial communication,Debt collector fails to provide required notice,Demonstrate lack of proper notice; file FDCPA claim and motion to dismiss.
Debt Collection,Ignoring Cease and Desist Letters,Motion for Sanctions/FDCPA Claim,FDCPA requires collectors to cease communication upon written request,Debt collector continues contact after receiving cease and desist letter,Document continued communication; seek sanctions and FDCPA damages.
Child Support,Establishing Paternity,Court Order for Genetic Testing,Maryland Family Law Article § 5-1029,Unmarried parents; paternity must be established before child support order,Ensure proper procedures for genetic testing are followed.
Child Support,Calculating Support (Guidelines),Application of Maryland Child Support Guidelines,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-201 et seq.,Guidelines are presumptive but deviations are allowed,Gather complete financial information from both parents; argue for deviations if warranted.
Child Support,Income Withholding,Wage Garnishment,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-107,Automatic withholding from non-custodial parent's wages,Ensure proper income withholding procedures are followed by employer.
Child Support,Medical Support,Health Insurance Coverage/Medical Expenses,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-104,Allocation of health insurance premiums and unreimbursed medical expenses,Address health insurance coverage and responsibility for medical bills.
Child Support,Modification of Support,Substantial Change in Circumstances,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-104(a)(2)(v),Modification requires showing of material change in income or needs,Document change in circumstances; prepare updated financial affidavits.
Child Support,Enforcement (Contempt),Failure to Pay Support,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-101 et seq.,Court can hold non-paying parent in contempt of court,Document non-payment; pursue contempt proceedings to enforce support order.
Child Support,Arrearages (Collection),Past-Due Support,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-101 et seq.,Collection methods include wage garnishment, tax refund intercepts, and liens,Pursue all available collection methods to recover arrearages.
Child Support,License Suspension,Non-Payment of Support,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-111,Driver's license or professional license can be suspended,Advise client of potential license suspension consequences.
Child Support,Passport Denial,Significant Arrearages,Federal law; State Department cooperation,Passport application denied or renewal refused,Address significant arrearages to avoid passport denial.
Child Support,Tax Refund Intercept,Collection of Arrearages,Federal law; IRS cooperation,Tax refunds intercepted to pay child support arrearages,Advise client of potential tax refund intercept; explore payment plans.
Child Support,Enforcement (Liens),Securing Unpaid Support,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-101 et seq.,Liens placed on real or personal property of non-paying parent,File lien to secure future payment; enforce lien through foreclosure or other means.
Child Support,College Expenses,Post-Secondary Education Contributions,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-203(j),Court can order parents to contribute to child's college expenses,Argue for or against college contribution based on child's aptitude and parents' ability to pay.
Child Support,Emancipation,Termination of Support Obligation,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-101(e),Child reaches age of majority or other criteria for emancipation,Confirm emancipation event; file motion to terminate support obligation.
Child Support,Custody and Visitation Impact,Parenting Time and Support Calculation,Maryland Family Law Article,Amount of time each parent has physical custody affects support,Document parenting time arrangements; ensure accurate calculation based on custody schedule.
Child Support,Imputing Income,Non-Custodial Parent Underemployed or Unemployed,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-204,Court can impute income based on earning potential,Argue for or against imputation of income; present evidence of earning capacity.
Child Support,Child Care Expenses,Allocation of Child Care Costs,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-204,Court can order parents to share cost of child care,Gather evidence of child care expenses; negotiate allocation of costs.
Child Support,Extraordinary Medical Expenses,Allocation of Costs Beyond Insurance,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-104,Court can allocate extraordinary medical expenses beyond insurance coverage,Document extraordinary medical expenses; seek allocation of costs.
Child Support,Modification (Agreement of Parties),Changes to Existing Order,Maryland Family Law Article § 12-104,Parents can agree to modify support without court involvement,Draft agreement clearly; submit to court for approval.
Child Support,Enforcement (Civil Contempt),Failure to Comply with Court Order,Maryland Rules; civil contempt to coerce compliance,Court can impose fines or jail time until compliance with order,Document violations of support order; pursue civil contempt proceedings.
Child Support,Enforcement (Criminal Contempt),Willful Failure to Pay Support,Maryland Code, Criminal Law Article,Requires proof of willful non-payment,Criminal contempt can result in fines or jail time. Consider carefully, as this option can negatively impact ability to pay support.
Child Support,Genetic Testing (Refusal to Cooperate),Court Order to Compel Testing,Maryland Family Law Article,Court can order party to submit to genetic testing,Consequences for refusal can include finding of paternity,Document attempts to obtain cooperation; seek court order to compel testing.
Child Support,Discovery (Financial Records),Obtaining Financial Information,Maryland Rules on Discovery,Use discovery tools to obtain financial records from opposing party,Request financial documents through interrogatories, requests for production, and subpoenas.
Child Support,Expert Testimony (Vocational Expert),Determining Earning Capacity,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Expert can provide opinion on earning potential of parent,Use vocational expert to establish or challenge imputed income arguments.
Child Support,Social Security Benefits (Dependency Benefits),Child's Eligibility for Benefits,Federal Social Security Act,Child may be eligible for benefits based on parent's disability,Advise client on eligibility for Social Security dependency benefits.
Child Support,Military Servicemember,Special Rules for Servicemembers,Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA),Protection against default judgments and certain enforcement actions,Ensure compliance with SCRA requirements when dealing with servicemembers.
Child Support,Interstate Enforcement,Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA),Maryland Family Law Article,Enforcement of support orders across state lines,Initiate interstate enforcement action to collect support from out-of-state parent.
Child Support,Modification (Retroactive Modification),Limited Circumstances for Retroactive Change,Maryland Family Law Article,Generally, modifications are effective from date of filing,Argue against retroactive modification unless allowed by statute or agreement.
Child Support,Child's Best Interests (Factors),Consideration in Support Decisions,Maryland Family Law Article,Court considers child's needs and best interests in determining support,Present evidence of child's needs and circumstances; advocate for child's best interests.
Child Support,Tax Implications,Deductibility of Support Payments,Federal and Maryland tax law,Alimony deductible by payer, child support is not,Advise client on tax implications of support payments.
Child Support,Voluntary Overpayments,No Credit for Overpayment,Maryland Family Law Article,Voluntary payments exceeding court-ordered amount do not create credit,Advise client against making voluntary overpayments without written agreement.
Child Support,Termination of Support (Death of Payor),Support Obligation Ends Upon Death,Maryland Family Law Article,Estate is not responsible for future support payments after payor's death,Advise client of termination of support obligation upon death.
Child Support,Life Insurance (Securing Support),Court Can Order Life Insurance to Secure Payments,Maryland Family Law Article,Life insurance policy can be required to protect child's future support,Request court order for life insurance to secure support obligation.
Child Support,Trusts (Payment from Trust),Income from Trust Can Be Considered Income,Maryland Family Law Article & Estates and Trusts Article,Trust income can be used to calculate support obligation,Gather information about trust income and distributions.
Child Support,Dependency Exemptions (Tax Purposes),Allocation of Dependency Exemptions,Internal Revenue Code,Dependency exemption usually goes to custodial parent,Negotiate allocation of dependency exemptions as part of support agreement.
Child Support,Multiple Children,Different Support Amounts for Each Child,Maryland Child Support Guidelines,Guidelines provide different amounts based on number of children,Calculate support obligations for each child separately; ensure accurate calculation.
Child Support,Private Agreements,Deviation from Guidelines by Agreement,Maryland Family Law Article,Parents can agree to deviate from guidelines,Ensure agreement is fair and reasonable; document agreement clearly.
Child Support,Enforcement (Show Cause Order),Initial Step in Contempt Proceedings,Maryland Rules,Requires non-paying parent to appear in court and explain failure to pay,Prepare for show cause hearing; present evidence of non-payment and ability to pay.
Criminal Law,Prosecutorial Misconduct,Motion to Dismiss/Sanctions,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Prosecutor withholds exculpatory evidence or engages in other misconduct,Demonstrate prejudice to defendant; file complaint with Attorney Grievance Commission.
Criminal Law,Ineffective Assistance of Counsel,Motion for New Trial/Post-Conviction Relief,Sixth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Defense counsel's performance deficient and prejudiced defendant,Demonstrate deficient performance and prejudice; requires high burden of proof.
Criminal Law,False Arrest/Imprisonment,Civil Rights Lawsuit,42 U.S.C. § 1983/Maryland Tort Law,Law enforcement officer arrests or detains individual without probable cause,Gather evidence of lack of probable cause; demonstrate damages resulting from unlawful detention.
Criminal Law,Excessive Force,Civil Rights Lawsuit/Criminal Charges,42 U.S.C. § 1983/Maryland Criminal Law,Law enforcement officer uses excessive force during arrest or detention,Document injuries; gather witness testimony; file complaint with internal affairs or civilian review board.
Criminal Law,Malicious Prosecution,Civil Rights Lawsuit/Tort Claim,Maryland Tort Law,Prosecutor initiates criminal proceedings without probable cause and with malice,Demonstrate lack of probable cause and malicious intent; high burden of proof.
Child Welfare,Unlawful Removal of Child,Motion for Return of Child/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Maryland Family Law Article/42 U.S.C. § 1983,Child Protective Services removes child without legal justification,Challenge removal based on lack of imminent danger; seek immediate return of child.
Child Welfare,Failure to Provide Reunification Services,Motion to Compel Services/Complaint to Agency,Maryland Family Law Article,Agency fails to provide required services to reunite family,Demonstrate failure to provide reasonable services; seek court order compelling agency action.
Administrative Law,Violation of Due Process,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency violates individual's due process rights during administrative proceedings,Demonstrate procedural irregularities; argue for reversal of agency decision.
Administrative Law,Arbitrary and Capricious Agency Action,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency decision lacks rational basis or supported by evidence,Challenge agency decision based on lack of substantial evidence; argue abuse of discretion.
Governmental Liability,Negligence (Government Employee),Tort Claim,Maryland Local Government Tort Claims Act,Government employee acts negligently causing injury,Comply with notice requirements; establish negligence and causation.
Governmental Liability,Failure to Protect (Police),Civil Rights Lawsuit/Tort Claim,42 U.S.C. § 1983/Maryland Tort Law,Police fail to protect individual from foreseeable harm,Demonstrate special relationship or duty to protect; establish breach and causation.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Violation of Open Meetings Act,Complaint/Injunctive Relief,Maryland Open Meetings Act,Government body conducts meeting in violation of Open Meetings Act,Challenge closed meeting; seek injunctive relief to prevent future violations.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Denial of Public Information Act Request,Appeal/Injunctive Relief,Maryland Public Information Act,Government agency improperly denies access to public records,Demonstrate entitlement to records; appeal denial; seek court order compelling disclosure.
Ethics (Government Attorneys),Prosecutorial Misconduct,Disciplinary Complaint,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Government attorney engages in unethical conduct,File complaint with Attorney Grievance Commission; seek disciplinary action.
Ethics (Government Attorneys),Conflict of Interest,Motion to Disqualify/Disciplinary Complaint,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Government attorney has conflict of interest,Demonstrate conflict of interest; seek disqualification or disciplinary action.
Criminal Law,Brady Violation,Motion to Dismiss/New Trial,Maryland Rules/Case Law; Due Process,Prosecutor fails to disclose exculpatory evidence,Demonstrate materiality of withheld evidence; argue prejudice to defendant.
Criminal Law,False Confession (Coerced),Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Confession obtained through coercive interrogation tactics,Challenge voluntariness of confession; demonstrate police misconduct.
Criminal Law,Illegal Wiretap/Electronic Surveillance,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Wiretap Act,Evidence obtained through illegal wiretap or electronic surveillance,Challenge legality of surveillance; seek exclusion of evidence.
Child Welfare,Discrimination in Child Welfare Cases,Civil Rights Lawsuit/Complaint to Agency,Maryland Family Law Article/Federal Civil Rights Laws,Agency decisions based on race, ethnicity, or other protected characteristics,Demonstrate discriminatory intent or disparate impact; seek corrective action.
Child Welfare,Improper Placement of Child,Motion to Change Placement/Complaint to Agency,Maryland Family Law Article/Regulations on Foster Care,Child placed in unsafe or inappropriate foster care setting,Gather evidence of unsafe conditions; advocate for appropriate placement.
Administrative Law,Bias of Administrative Law Judge,Motion for Recusal/Appeal,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,ALJ demonstrates bias or prejudice against party,File motion for recusal; appeal decision based on bias if motion denied.
Administrative Law,Failure to Follow Agency Regulations,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency fails to follow its own regulations or procedures,Demonstrate violation of agency rules; argue for reversal of decision.
Governmental Liability,Qualified Immunity (Police),Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Tort Law/Federal Case Law,Government officials protected from liability unless clearly established violation,Argue qualified immunity does not apply; demonstrate violation of clearly established right.
Governmental Liability,Sovereign Immunity,Motion to Dismiss,Maryland Tort Claims Act,State and local governments immune from certain lawsuits,Exceptions to sovereign immunity; carefully analyze applicability.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Redaction of Public Records (Improper),Appeal/Complaint,Maryland Public Information Act,Government agency improperly redacts information from public records,Challenge excessive or improper redactions; seek disclosure of withheld information.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Fees for Public Records (Excessive),Appeal/Complaint,Maryland Public Information Act,Government agency charges excessive fees for copies of public records,Challenge unreasonable fees; argue for waiver or reduction of fees.
Ethics (Government Attorneys),Failure to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence,Disciplinary Complaint,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Prosecutor fails to disclose evidence favorable to defendant,File complaint with Attorney Grievance Commission; demonstrate prejudice to defendant.
Ethics (Government Attorneys),Misrepresentation to Court,Disciplinary Complaint,Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct,Government attorney makes false or misleading statements to court,Demonstrate misrepresentation to court; file complaint with Attorney Grievance Commission.
Special Education,Failure to Provide Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE),Due Process Hearing/Administrative Complaint,Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),School district fails to provide appropriate education to disabled child,Request due process hearing; present evidence of failure to provide FAPE.
Special Education,Discrimination Against Disabled Students,Administrative Complaint/Civil Rights Lawsuit,IDEA/Federal Civil Rights Laws,School district discriminates against student based on disability,Demonstrate discriminatory treatment; seek corrective action and remedies.
Criminal Procedure,Unlawful Search and Seizure,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment; Article 26 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Evidence obtained without warrant or probable cause,Challenge the legality of the search; demonstrate lack of probable cause or invalid warrant.
Criminal Procedure,Violation of Miranda Rights,Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment; Article 22 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Statements made during custodial interrogation without Miranda warnings,Demonstrate custodial interrogation and lack of warnings; argue for suppression of statements.
Criminal Procedure,Denial of Speedy Trial,Motion to Dismiss,Sixth Amendment; Article 21 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Unreasonable delay in bringing defendant to trial,Assert speedy trial violation; calculate allowable time limits and demonstrate prejudice.
Criminal Procedure,Double Jeopardy,Motion to Dismiss,Fifth Amendment; Article 20 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Prosecuting defendant twice for the same offense,Demonstrate prior prosecution for same offense; argue for dismissal based on double jeopardy.
Criminal Procedure,Ineffective Assistance of Counsel,Motion for New Trial/Post-Conviction Relief,Sixth Amendment; Article 21 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Defense counsel's performance deficient and prejudiced defendant,Demonstrate deficient performance and resulting prejudice; high burden of proof.
Civil Procedure,Denial of Due Process,Motion to Dismiss/Appeal,Fourteenth Amendment; Article 23 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Procedural irregularities or lack of notice and opportunity to be heard,Challenge fairness of proceedings; demonstrate prejudice from due process violation.
Civil Procedure,Equal Protection Violation,Motion to Dismiss/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Fourteenth Amendment; Article 46 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Discriminatory treatment based on protected characteristic (race, religion, etc.),Demonstrate discriminatory intent or disparate impact; seek injunctive relief or damages.
Evidence,Exclusionary Rule,Motion to Suppress/Objection,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Rules of Evidence,Evidence obtained through illegal search and seizure inadmissible,Challenge legality of search or seizure; argue for exclusion of tainted evidence.
Evidence,Coerced Confessions,Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment/Maryland Rules of Evidence,Confessions obtained through coercion or duress are inadmissible,Demonstrate coercive tactics used by law enforcement; argue for suppression.
First Amendment,Retaliation for Exercising Free Speech,Civil Rights Lawsuit,First Amendment; Article 40 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Government action taken in retaliation for protected speech,Demonstrate causal connection between speech and government action; seek injunctive relief or damages.
First Amendment,Prior Restraint on Speech,Injunctive Relief/Challenge to Law,First Amendment; Article 40 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Government attempts to prevent speech before it occurs,Challenge constitutionality of prior restraint; argue for right to free expression.
First Amendment,Excessive Regulation of Speech,Challenge to Ordinance/Lawsuit,First Amendment; Article 40 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Overly broad or vague restrictions on speech,Challenge law or ordinance as facially unconstitutional or as applied.
Family Law,Termination of Parental Rights (Due Process),Appeal/Challenge to Termination Order,Fourteenth Amendment/Maryland Family Law Article,Parental rights terminated without adequate due process protections,Demonstrate lack of notice, opportunity to be heard, or other due process violations.
Family Law,Discrimination in Child Custody/Visitation,Appeal/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Fourteenth Amendment/Maryland Family Law Article,Custody or visitation decision based on discriminatory factors,Demonstrate bias or discrimination in court's decision-making process.
Right to Counsel,Denial of Right to Counsel (Criminal),Motion to Dismiss/Appeal,Sixth Amendment; Article 21 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights,Defendant denied right to counsel at critical stage of proceedings,Demonstrate denial of right to counsel and prejudice resulting from denial.
Criminal Law,Failure to Preserve Evidence,Motion to Dismiss/Sanctions/Exclusion of Evidence,Maryland Rules/Due Process,Police or prosecutor fail to preserve potentially exculpatory evidence,Demonstrate bad faith or prejudice to defendant; argue for dismissal, sanctions, or exclusion of other evidence.
Criminal Law,Entrapment,Motion to Dismiss/Affirmative Defense,Maryland Criminal Law/Case Law,Law enforcement induces defendant to commit crime they wouldn't have otherwise committed,Demonstrate government inducement and lack of predisposition to commit the crime.
Criminal Law,False Testimony by Police,Motion to Suppress/New Trial,Maryland Rules/Due Process/Perjury Laws,Police officer gives false testimony in court,Challenge officer's credibility; present evidence contradicting testimony; consider perjury charges.
Child Welfare,Failure to Provide Reasonable Accommodations (Disability),Administrative Complaint/Lawsuit,Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)/Rehabilitation Act,Child welfare agency fails to accommodate parent's disability,Demonstrate disability and agency's failure to provide reasonable accommodations.
Administrative Law,Unlawful Delay in Agency Decision,Writ of Mandamus/Appeal,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency unreasonably delays in issuing decision,File writ of mandamus to compel agency action; appeal delay if it prejudices your client.
Administrative Law,Improper Ex Parte Communications,Motion for Disqualification/Appeal,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency engages in improper communication with one party outside the presence of the other,Demonstrate ex parte communication and potential prejudice; seek disqualification of decision-maker.
Governmental Liability,Negligent Hiring/Training/Supervision,Tort Claim,Maryland Tort Law,Government entity negligent in hiring, training, or supervising employee,Establish negligence in hiring/training/supervision and connection to employee's misconduct.
Governmental Liability,False Imprisonment (Government Official),Civil Rights Lawsuit/Tort Claim,42 U.S.C. § 1983/Maryland Tort Law,Government official unlawfully detains individual,Demonstrate unlawful restraint and lack of legal justification.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Failure to Provide Meeting Notice,Complaint/Injunctive Relief,Maryland Open Meetings Act,Government body fails to provide adequate notice of public meeting,Challenge actions taken at improperly noticed meeting; seek injunctive relief to ensure future compliance.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Destruction of Public Records,Complaint/Criminal Charges,Maryland Public Information Act/State Records Management Laws,Government agency unlawfully destroys public records,Demonstrate unlawful destruction of records and potential prejudice; consider criminal charges for intentional destruction.
Eminent Domain,Taking Private Property Without Just Compensation,Inverse Condemnation Lawsuit,Fifth Amendment/Maryland Constitution/Eminent Domain Law,Government takes private property for public use without paying fair market value,Challenge taking as unlawful; seek just compensation for property value.
Land Use/Zoning,Unconstitutional Zoning Ordinance,Challenge to Ordinance/Lawsuit,Fourteenth Amendment/Maryland Constitution,Zoning ordinance violates due process or equal protection,Demonstrate ordinance is arbitrary, discriminatory, or lacks rational basis.
Licensing/Permits,Unreasonable Delay in Issuing License/Permit,Writ of Mandamus/Appeal,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Government agency unreasonably delays in processing license or permit application,File writ of mandamus to compel agency action; demonstrate prejudice from delay.
Licensing/Permits,Arbitrary Denial of License/Permit,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Government agency denies license or permit without valid reason,Challenge denial as arbitrary and capricious; demonstrate compliance with requirements.
Criminal Law,Selective Enforcement of Laws,Motion to Dismiss/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause,Law enforcement disproportionately enforces laws against certain groups,Demonstrate discriminatory intent or disparate impact; requires substantial evidence.
Criminal Law,Coerced Plea Bargain,Motion to Withdraw Plea/Appeal,Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel/Due Process,Defendant pressured into accepting plea bargain against their will,Demonstrate coercion or ineffective assistance of counsel leading to involuntary plea.
Child Welfare,Failure to Investigate Child Abuse/Neglect Reports,Complaint to Agency/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Maryland Family Law Article/Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act,Child welfare agency fails to adequately investigate reports of abuse or neglect,Demonstrate agency's failure to follow proper procedures and resulting harm to child.
Child Welfare,Violation of Foster Child's Rights,Complaint to Agency/Lawsuit,Maryland Family Law Article/Federal Foster Care Regulations,Foster care agency violates child's rights to safety, education, or medical care,Document violations and harm to child; advocate for improved care or alternative placement.
Administrative Law,Improper Delegation of Authority,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency delegates decision-making authority to unqualified individual or entity,Challenge delegation as exceeding agency's statutory authority.
Administrative Law,Failure to Provide Adequate Notice of Hearing,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act/Due Process,Agency fails to provide sufficient notice of hearing or opportunity to participate,Demonstrate prejudice from lack of notice or opportunity to present evidence.
Governmental Liability,Retaliation for Whistleblowing,Whistleblower Protection Act Lawsuit/Maryland Tort Law,Government employee fired or disciplined for reporting wrongdoing,Establish protected whistleblowing activity and causal connection to adverse employment action.
Governmental Liability,Defamation (Government Official),Defamation Lawsuit,Maryland Tort Law,Government official makes false and defamatory statements,Prove falsity, publication, and damages; higher burden of proof for public figures.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Closed Meeting Without Justification,Complaint/Injunctive Relief,Maryland Open Meetings Act,Government body holds closed meeting without meeting legal requirements for closed session,Challenge legality of closed meeting; seek access to meeting minutes or recordings.
Open Meetings/Public Records,Failure to Respond to Public Information Act Request,Appeal/Mandamus,Maryland Public Information Act,Government agency fails to respond to request for public records within required timeframe,Appeal failure to respond; file writ of mandamus to compel disclosure.
Eminent Domain,Abuse of Eminent Domain Power,Inverse Condemnation Lawsuit/Challenge to Taking,Fifth Amendment/Maryland Constitution,Government takes private property for improper purpose or benefits private party,Challenge taking as exceeding government's eminent domain authority; seek just compensation or return of property.
Land Use/Zoning,Spot Zoning,Challenge to Zoning Ordinance,Maryland Zoning Law,Unfairly benefiting specific property owner while harming others,Demonstrate that zoning change is arbitrary, discriminatory, or lacks rational basis.
Licensing/Permits,Discriminatory Licensing Practices,Civil Rights Lawsuit,Federal and Maryland Anti-Discrimination Laws,Government agency discriminates based on protected characteristic in licensing decisions,Establish discriminatory intent or disparate impact; seek injunctive relief and damages.
Licensing/Permits,Violation of Procedural Due Process (Licensing),Appeal/Judicial Review,Fourteenth Amendment/Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency violates due process rights in licensing proceedings,Demonstrate lack of notice, opportunity to be heard, or other procedural violations.
Criminal Procedure,Lack of Reasonable Suspicion for Stop,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Article 26 Maryland Declaration of Rights,Officer lacked reasonable articulable suspicion to detain individual,Demonstrate lack of objective basis for the stop; argue evidence obtained as result should be suppressed.
Criminal Procedure,Lack of Probable Cause for Arrest,Motion to Dismiss/Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Article 26 Maryland Declaration of Rights,Insufficient evidence to justify arrest,Challenge the basis for the arrest; argue any subsequent search or seizure was unlawful.
Criminal Procedure,Invalid Search Warrant,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Rule 4-252,Warrant lacks probable cause, particularity, or proper authorization,Challenge the validity of the warrant; demonstrate any defects or irregularities.
Criminal Procedure,Warrantless Search (No Exception Applies),Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment; Article 26 Maryland Declaration of Rights,Search conducted without warrant and no recognized exception applies,Argue that no exception to the warrant requirement (e.g., consent, plain view) justifies the search.
Criminal Procedure,Miranda Violations (Specific),Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Failure to provide proper Miranda warnings before custodial interrogation,Demonstrate custodial interrogation and specific deficiency in Miranda warnings; argue for suppression of statements.
Criminal Procedure,Involuntary Confession (Due to Police Conduct),Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment/Due Process/Article 22 Maryland Declaration of Rights,Confession obtained through coercion, threats, or promises,Demonstrate coercive police conduct rendering the confession involuntary.
Criminal Procedure,Right to Counsel Violation (Sixth Amendment),Motion to Suppress/Dismiss,Sixth Amendment; Article 21 Maryland Declaration of Rights,Statements obtained after right to counsel attached,Demonstrate right to counsel had attached and police interrogated defendant without counsel present.
Criminal Procedure,Improper Identification Procedure,Motion to Suppress,Due Process/Maryland Case Law,Suggestive or unreliable identification procedure leading to tainted identification,Challenge identification procedure as unduly suggestive; argue for suppression of identification evidence.
Criminal Procedure,Destruction of Exculpatory Evidence (Bad Faith),Motion to Dismiss/Sanctions,Maryland Rules/Due Process,Police or prosecution intentionally destroy evidence favorable to defendant,Demonstrate bad faith destruction and prejudice to defendant; seek dismissal or sanctions.
Criminal Procedure,Entrapment (Focus on Police Conduct),Motion to Dismiss/Affirmative Defense,Maryland Criminal Law/Case Law,Law enforcement uses excessive inducement or pressure to persuade defendant to commit crime,Demonstrate that police conduct crossed the line from permissible investigation to impermissible inducement.
Traffic Stops,Pretextual Stop,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Traffic stop used as pretext to investigate unrelated criminal activity,Demonstrate officer's true motive was unrelated to traffic violation; argue stop was unlawful.
Traffic Stops,Extended Detention Beyond Scope of Stop,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Officer detains driver longer than necessary to address traffic violation,Demonstrate that the detention exceeded the scope and duration reasonably necessary to address the traffic violation.
DUI/DWI,Improper Administration of Field Sobriety Tests,Motion to Suppress,Maryland Transportation Article/Case Law,Officer fails to follow standardized procedures for field sobriety tests,Challenge reliability of test results due to improper administration or interpretation.
DUI/DWI,Lack of Probable Cause for DUI Arrest,Motion to Dismiss/Suppress,Maryland Transportation Article,Insufficient evidence of impairment to justify DUI arrest,Challenge officer's observations and any chemical test results; argue for dismissal or suppression.
DUI/DWI,Warrantless Blood Draw (No Exception),Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Blood drawn without warrant and no recognized exception applies,Argue blood draw was unlawful search and seizure; seek suppression of results.
Search and Seizure,Illegal Search of Vehicle (No Probable Cause/Warrant),Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Search of vehicle without probable cause or valid warrant,Challenge scope of search; argue any evidence seized should be suppressed.
Search and Seizure,Warrantless Entry into Home (No Exception),Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Case Law,Entry into home without warrant or exigent circumstances,Argue entry was unlawful; seek suppression of evidence obtained inside.
Search and Seizure,Use of Excessive Force in Executing Warrant,Motion to Suppress/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Case Law/42 U.S.C. § 1983,Police use excessive force while executing search warrant,Challenge lawfulness of search execution; seek suppression of evidence and/or pursue civil rights claim.
Search and Seizure,Scope of Search Exceeds Warrant,Motion to Suppress,Fourth Amendment/Maryland Rule 4-252,Search goes beyond areas authorized by warrant,Argue evidence seized outside scope of warrant should be suppressed.
Interrogation,Improper Use of Deception During Interrogation,Motion to Suppress,Fifth Amendment/Due Process/Article 22 Maryland Declaration of Rights,Police use deceptive tactics that render confession involuntary,Challenge voluntariness of confession; demonstrate that deception overbore defendant's will.
Interrogation,Failure to Record Interrogation,Motion to Suppress/Challenge to Reliability,Maryland Rules/Best Practices; some jurisdictions require recording,Absence of recording makes it difficult to assess voluntariness,Argue that lack of recording raises concerns about reliability of confession; advocate for recording requirement.
Identification Procedures,Show-up Identification (Unduly Suggestive),Motion to Suppress,Due Process/Maryland Case Law,Single-person show-up shortly after crime is inherently suggestive,Challenge reliability of show-up identification; argue for suppression of identification evidence.
Identification Procedures,Photo Array (Suggestive Lineup),Motion to Suppress,Due Process/Maryland Case Law,Photo array or lineup constructed in a way that unfairly suggests the defendant,Challenge fairness of lineup; demonstrate suggestiveness and potential for misidentification.
Evidence,Use of Prior Convictions (Impeachment),Motion in Limine,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Rules governing admissibility of prior convictions to impeach witness credibility,Challenge admissibility of prior convictions based on remoteness, similarity to current charge, or prejudice.
Evidence,Expert Testimony (Lack of Qualifications/Reliability),Motion to Exclude (Daubert/Frye),Maryland Rules of Evidence/Daubert Standard or Frye-Reed Standard (depending on type of evidence),Expert lacks necessary qualifications or employs unreliable methodology,Challenge expert's qualifications, methodology, or reliability; seek exclusion of expert testimony.
Traffic Stops,Profiling (Racial or Other),Motion to Suppress/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause,Traffic stop based on race, ethnicity, or other impermissible factor,Demonstrate discriminatory intent or disparate impact; argue for suppression of evidence and/or pursue civil rights claim.
DUI/DWI,Rising Blood Alcohol Content (BAC),Motion to Exclude BAC Evidence,Maryland Transportation Article/Case Law,BAC continues to rise after driving ceases; relevance challenge,Argue BAC at time of testing not reflective of BAC while driving, therefore irrelevant.
Domestic Violence,Dual Arrests (Without Probable Cause),Motion to Dismiss/Civil Rights Lawsuit,Maryland Family Law Article/42 U.S.C. § 1983,Police arrest both parties in domestic violence incident without sufficient individual probable cause,Challenge probable cause for each arrest; argue against mandatory arrest policies that lead to dual arrests.
Criminal Procedure,Failure to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence (Brady Violation),Motion to Dismiss/New Trial,Maryland Rules/Due Process Clause/Case Law,Prosecutor fails to disclose evidence favorable to the defense,Demonstrate materiality of withheld evidence and prejudice to the defendant.
Criminal Procedure,Tampering with Evidence,Motion to Dismiss/Suppress Evidence/Complaint,Maryland Criminal Law/Rules of Professional Conduct,Police or prosecutor alter or destroy evidence,Challenge integrity of evidence; seek sanctions or dismissal due to misconduct.
Criminal Procedure,Misconduct by Clerk/Court Personnel,Motion for Mistrial/Appeal,Maryland Rules/Due Process,Clerk improperly influences jury or mishandles evidence,Demonstrate prejudice resulting from misconduct; seek appropriate remedy.
Criminal Procedure,Prosecutorial Misconduct (Inflammatory Statements),Motion for Mistrial/New Trial,Maryland Rules/Due Process/Case Law,Prosecutor makes prejudicial statements during trial,Object to improper statements; seek mistrial or new trial if prejudice cannot be cured.
Criminal Procedure,Conflict of Interest (Judge/Prosecutor),Motion for Recusal/Disqualification,Maryland Rules of Judicial Conduct/Rules of Professional Conduct,Judge or prosecutor has conflict of interest that compromises impartiality,File motion for recusal or disqualification; demonstrate conflict and potential bias.
Criminal Procedure,Improper Jury Instructions,Objection/Appeal,Maryland Rules/Case Law,Judge gives incorrect or misleading instructions to the jury,Object to erroneous instructions; preserve issue for appeal.
Criminal Procedure,Denial of Right to Fair and Impartial Jury,Challenge for Cause/Motion to Strike Venire/Appeal,Sixth Amendment/Maryland Constitution/Jury Selection Laws,Juror bias or systematic exclusion of certain groups from jury pool,Challenge biased jurors for cause; object to discriminatory jury selection practices.
Civil Procedure,Improper Ex Parte Communications with Judge,Motion for Disqualification/Sanctions,Maryland Rules of Judicial Conduct/Rules of Professional Conduct,Attorney communicates with judge about case without other party present,Demonstrate improper communication and potential prejudice; seek disqualification or sanctions.
Civil Procedure,Clerk Failing to Properly Docket/Record Filings,Motion for Reconsideration/Appeal,Maryland Rules/Due Process,Clerk's errors lead to missed deadlines or procedural prejudice,Demonstrate prejudice resulting from clerk's error; seek appropriate remedy.
Evidence,Improper Chain of Custody,Motion to Suppress/Objection,Maryland Rules of Evidence,Gaps or inconsistencies in chain of custody raise doubts about evidence integrity,Challenge admissibility of evidence; demonstrate lack of proper handling and storage.
Evidence,Spoliation of Evidence (Civil),Motion for Sanctions/Adverse Inference Instruction,Maryland Rules/Case Law,Party intentionally destroys or alters relevant evidence,Seek sanctions against spoliating party; request adverse inference instruction to jury.
Family Law,Judicial Bias in Custody/Visitation Case,Motion for Recusal/Appeal,Maryland Rules of Judicial Conduct/Due Process,Judge demonstrates bias or prejudice against one parent,Demonstrate bias and its impact on custody/visitation decision; seek recusal or appeal.
Family Law,Guardian Ad Litem Misconduct,Motion to Replace GAL/Appeal,Maryland Family Law Article/Rules of Professional Conduct,Guardian ad litem acts improperly or fails to represent child's best interests,Demonstrate GAL's misconduct or failure to fulfill duties; seek replacement or appeal.
Administrative Law,Improper Influence on Agency Decision,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Outside pressure or improper influence affects agency's decision-making process,Challenge decision based on improper influence; demonstrate lack of impartiality.
Administrative Law,Agency Fails to Follow Its Own Rules,Appeal/Judicial Review,Maryland Administrative Procedure Act,Agency violates its own regulations or established procedures,Demonstrate violation of agency rules and prejudice resulting from the violation.