Who first introduced social insurance programs? [SEP] As an answer to the "social question" of the nineteenth century, Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced insurance programs that led the way to the welfare state (health insurance, accident insurance, disability insurance, old-age pensions).
entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment entailment entailment entailment not_entailment not_entailment entailment not_entailment entailment