from research and development activities, investments into new technologies and innovation. Human Capital Our people and talents who are responsible for running all aspects of our operations, from our ground staff at our generation plants to our administrative officers and senior leaders. Social and Relationship Capital The relationships of trust we have with our stakeholders and the social approbation created through the reliable and responsible performance of our roles. Natural Capital Renewable and non-renewable natural resources used by TNB to generate electricity, such as coal, wind, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, water and sunlight. MATERIALITY The information presented in this document is considered material to TNB in relation to our material matters. These matters are identified as issues that can affect our Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance significantlyand aid in stakeholders’ evaluation of our operations. Our key issues stem from a comprehensive materiality assessment that includes input from both internal and external stakeholders. REPORTING FRAMEWORK The preparation of this Integrated Annual Report was guided by the International Integrated Reporting Council’s <IR> Framework. In addition, this Report complies with and is guided by the following: • the Companies Act 2016; • the Main Market Listing Requirements of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (MMLR); • the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance 2021 (MCCG); • the Corporate Governance Guide (4th Edition) issued by Bursa Malaysia; • the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS); and • the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). For more information about our materiality assessment, please turn to page 60 of this Report. Aligned with our strategic goals, we are committed to using capitals and resources effectively in our value creation efforts to benefit our intended stakeholders. We carefully balance our limited resources, weighing the options for their optimal use or preservation. Below, we outline how we