staff loans and staff advances, any repayment is done through monthly payroll deductions. The total other non-trade receivables, amounts due from associates and amounts due from joint ventures and impairments provided are as follows: Group Company 2023 RM’million 2022 RM’million 2023 RM’million 2022 RM’million Other non-trade receivables 1,071.6 1,204.8 326.4 274.4 Less: Loss allowances (218.8) (221.7) (153.0) (159.4) 852.8 983.1 173.4 115.0 Amounts due from associates 395.6 666.4 5.3 5.7 Less: Loss allowances (7.3) (7.3) (0.1) (0.1) 388.3 659.1 5.2 5.6 Amounts due from joint ventures 42.5 56.9 0 0 Less: Loss allowances (19.8) (12.3) 0 0 22.7 44.6 0 0 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2023 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Sec 5 321 45 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED) (b) Financial risk management (continued) Credit risk (continued) (iii) Non-trade receivables(continued) • Other non-trade receivables, amounts due from associates and joint ventures (continued) Impairment losses Generally, the Group and the Company consider other non-trade receivables as having low credit risk. The Group and the Company assume that there is a significant increase in credit risk when there is a history of default in payments. The loss allowances for other non-trade receivables using the general 3-stage approach reconciled to the opening loss allowances for that provision are as follows: Stage 1 RM’million Stage 2 RM’million Stage 3 RM’million Total RM’million Group 2023 As at the beginning of the financial year (28.2) (1.2) (192.3) (221.7) Impairment loss recognised (1.5) (0.1) (10.2) (11.8) Impairment loss reversed 1.9 0.1 12.7 14.7 As at the end of the financial year (27.8) (1.2) (189.8) (218.8) 2022 As at the beginning of the financial year (31.0) (1.3) (211.3) (243.6) Impairment loss recognised (2.6) (0.1) (18.0) (20.7) Impairment loss reversed 5.4 0.2 37.0 42.6 As at the end of the financial year (28.2) (1.2) (192.3) (221.7) Company 2023 As at the beginning of the financial year (20.3) (0.8) (138.3) (159.4) Impairment loss