Various forms of this have been developed in the international shipping field, ranging from cases where the organisation shipping the cargo also owns the ships, to the long-term time-chartering of specialised ships by large industrial organisations, such as the international oil companies.
Iindlela ngendlela zalento ziveziwe okanye ziphuhlisiwe kumasimi orhwebo amazwe ngamazwe ukusuka kwiimeko apho amaqumrhu orhwebo lwemithwalo bakwangabanini beenqanawa, ukuya kwixesha letshati elide neenqanawa ezisencotsheni yamaqumrhu asencotsheni ezorhwebo, ezinjengeenkampani ze-oyile zamazwe ngamazwe.