Random fluctuations consist of any unplanned and/or uncontrollable influences that might cause actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can be acts of God or problems inherent in the conversion process, including equipment, material imperfections, and human errors.
kushuka kwa thamani Random wajumbe wa unplanned na / au uncontrollable mvuto yoyote ambayo inaweza kusababisha pato halisi kwa kutofautiana na pato ilivyopangwa. kushuka kwa thamani random inaweza kuwa matendo ya Mungu au matatizo ya asili katika mchakato wa kubadilika, ikiwa ni pamoja vifaa, imperfections nyenzo, na makosa ya binadamu.