Two Conclusions: The similarities with Jude show that it refers to slandering celestial beings. However, nothing in the word restricts it from also applying to slandering other "dignitaries" too, whether they be church or government leaders.
Mahitimisho mawili: Kwa kuufanana kwake na Yuda maneno haya yanaonyesha kuwa yanaongelea kuwatukana viumbe wa mbinguni. Hata hivyo, hakuna kitu chochote kwenye neno hili kinachozuia lisimaanishe pia kuwatukana "waheshimiwa", ama viongozi wa serikali au wa kanisa.