b) Carrying Costs: These include the costs of storage, handling and insurance, the cost of the funds tied up in stock, depreciation, maintenance, security etc. Theft and obsolescence constitute another cost, both of which tend to increase as stock levels get higher.
b) Carrying Gharama: Hizi ni pamoja na gharama za uhifadhi, utunzaji na bima, gharama ya fedha fumba katika hisa, uchakavu, matengenezo, usalama nk Wizi na obsolescence kuanzisha gharama nyingine, wote wawili ambao huwa na kuongeza kama viwango vya hisa kupata juu.