Checkland’s “”soft systems methodology”” is a response to difficulty in applying the approach of hard systems (engineering) thinking to business problems. Hard systems engineering tends to emphasise:
Checkland ya “”mifumo laini mbinu”” ni kukabiliana na ugumu katika kutumia mbinu ya mifumo ngumu (uhandisi) kufikiri kwa matatizo ya biashara. mifumo Hard uhandisi inaelekea kusisitiza: