In addition, Old Testament teaching portrays the Israelites as alienated people who are dependent on God’s hospitality (Psalm 39:12) and God as the One who graciously meets their needs, redeeming them from Egypt and feeding and clothing them in the wilderness (Exodus 16; Deuteronomy 8:2-5).
Aidha, mafundisho ya Agano la Kale yanaonyesha Waisraeli kama watu waliotengwa wanategemea kwa ukarimu wa Mungu (Zaburi 39:12) na Mungu kama Yule aliyetimiza mahitaji yao kwa neema, akiwakomboa kutoka Misri na kuwalisha na kuwavisha katika jangwa (Kutoka 16, Kumbukumbu 8: 2-5).