From 1095 to 1204 the popes endorsed a series of bloody and expensive crusades in an effort to repel Muslim advances and liberate Jerusalem.
Kutoka 1095-1204 mapapa walipitisha mfululizo wa umwagaji damu na mikutano ghali katika jitihada za kurudisha kudidimiza maendeleo ya Waislamu na kuukomboa mji wa Yerusalemu.