On the one hand were the adherents of the various utopian systems, notably the Owenites in England and the Fourierists in France, both of whom, at that date, had already dwindled to mere sects gradually dying out. On the other, the manifold types of social quacks who wanted to eliminate social abuses through their various universal panaceas and all kinds of patch-work, without hurting capital and profit in the least.
Upande mmoja palikuwa ni wafuasi wa taratibu za aina mbalimbali za ndotoni, hasa akina Owen katika Uingereza na akina Fourier katika Ufaransa; makundi yote haya mawili yamekwisha pungua na kuwa mafarakano madogo tu yanayofifia pole pole. Kwa upande mwingine, aina nyingi za waganga wanaojidai kutaka kuuletea nafuu ujamaa ambao walitaka kuondosha maafa y a ujamaa kwa njia zao mbalimbali za kufariji na aina zote za kuziba ziba, bila ya kuidhuru hata kidogo rasilmali na faida.