The First Principle: It is that the criterion for the goodness and value of the action is the effect which a free conduct has on man’s spiritual and intellectual perfection. For the clarification of this basic principle which is of the significant matters of the philosophy of ethics in the scientific and philosophical circles of the world, we express an analysis on the concept of value and anti-value and their equivalent in the Islamic culture, namely, “goodâ€ and “evilâ€ . We regard certain things as good and also accept certain things as evil.
Pale mwanaadamu anapokabiliana na tabia pamoja na masuala tofauti ndani ya jamii fulani, taka asitake atakua ni mwenye kutoa hukumu fulani nje au ndani ya akili yake juu ya jamii hiyo, na kila moja kati ya yale aliyokumbana nayo katika jamii hiyo atakua amelipa thamani hukumu maalum kwenye akili yake, pengine moja litakua ni zuri kwa mtizamo wake na jengine liwe baya, basi lililo baya kwa laweza kua ni zuri kwa mwengine, hii inatokana na watu kutofautiana katika ile misingi yao mikuu ya kufikiri.