A few hundred years ago, Calvin taught the idea that there was predestination of our lives, so that our freewill decisions have no effect upon our salvation; we are either predestinated to salvation or to rejection. This notion has resurfaced in several modern ideas:
Miaka mia chache iliyopita, Kelvini alifundisha wazo la kwamba uteuzi ulikuwepo katika maisha yetu hapo kabla, hivyo basi uchaguzi wa kufanya tupendavyo kwa hiyari hauna juhudi juu ya wokovu wetu; aidha tulikwishachaguliwa kabla ili tupate wokovu au kukataliwa. wazo hili tena limeweka sura mpya katika mashauri mengine siku hizi: