Paul refers to the time of Israel’s dispersion as a period of spiritual hardening, and to the concurring times of the Gentiles as the period of world evangelism: “...hardening in part has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: The Deliverer will come out of Zion, and He will turn away ungodliness from Jacob” (Rom. 11:25-26).
Ugumu katika roho za wayahudi umefikia kiwango ambapo mpaka wale wasio na imani wamepokea. Hata hivyo wote katika taifa la Israeli watapokea wokovu kwa vile imeandikwa katika Warumi 11:25-26: "Kwa maana, ndugu zangu sipendi msijue siri hii, ili msijione kuwa wenye akili; ya kwamba kwa sehemu ngumu umewapata Israeli, mpaka utimilifu wa mataifa uwasili. Hivyo Israeli wote wataokoka; kama ilivyoandikwa, mwokozi atakuja kutoka Sayuni; atamtenga Yakobo na maasia yake."