Educational efforts of individuals of vision, of community groups, of leaders of various social reform movements, as well as of the Government, have worked in tandem; communities have operated schools alongside Government schools, sometimes to offer education with particular ethnic, religious, political or other orientations.
Los esfuerzos educativos de individuos, grupos comunitarios, dirigentes de diversos movimientos de reforma social y del Gobierno han funcionado conjuntamente. Las comunidades han administrado escuelas junto con las escuelas gubernamentales, algunas veces para ofrecer educación con orientaciones particulares étnicas, religiosas, políticas o de otra índole.