وأكدت المحاكم المبدأ القائل بأنّ الاتصالات المؤتمتة تنسب إلى الأشخاص الذين بُرمج النظام لحسابهم وأرسلت الرسائل باسمهم.
The courts affirmed the principle that automated communications were attributable to the persons on whose behalf the system had been programmed and in whose names the messages were sent.