وعلى المدى الطويل، فإن من المتوخى التحول إلى الغاز الطبيعي أو الهيدروجين (ألمانيا، كندا، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية واليابان)؛
Policies and measures directed at moderating the growth of transport activity and shifts towards less polluting transport modes: Eight Parties reported policies directed at the growth of transport activities, including reducing the demand for travel (Australia), ); road tolls (Austria), ); a mileage-based toll for lorries (Austria, Germany, Slovenia),; an ecological tax reform (Germany), ); teleworking (Japan), ); tax measures to limit passenger traffic (Netherlands), ); a CO2 tax, petrol and diesel taxes (Norway), ); the fuel duty escalator (United Kingdom), ); and commuter options programmes (United States). Among these policies, vehicle and fuel taxes seem to play an important role (see box 10).