ويتمثّل غرض البنك، وفقا لبنود الإتفاق الخاص به، في تعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية والتّقدم الاجتماعي في البلدان الأعضاء فيه وكذلك للمجتمعات الإسلامية في البلدان غير الأعضاء فيه.
According to its Articles of Agreement, the purpose of the IDB is to foster the economic development and social progress of its member countries as well as of Muslim communities in non-member countries. The Bank is an international treaty organization and derives its legal personality from public international law.