وإن التدابير الرامية إلى تشجيع تغيير الوسائط في النقل على مسافات طويلة لا تساعد فقط على بلوغ الأهداف المتصلة بتغير المناخ، وإنما تحول دون وسائط النقل، مثل نقل البضائع براً، ودون نموها إلى مستويات تتعدى حدود الهياكل الأساسية القائمة.
Policies and measures to shift long-distance transport towards less polluting modes were reported by 11 Parties, including investments in rail (Austria, Belgium), ); promotion of ship and rail in freight transport (Belgium, Japan, Switzerland), ); moving on sustainable transportation (Canada), ); intermodal freight transport (France), ); high-speed trains (European Community, France, Spain), ); inter-city connections (France), ); construction of transport systems with minimal environmental impact (Japan), ); environmentally differentiated charges for shipping and air travel (Sweden), ); road- pricing for heavy goods vehicles (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), ); sustainable distribution (United Kingdom), ); and a ground freight transport initiative and an emission reduction initiative (United States).