Similarly, Article 12(1) was also held to be concerned with the safeguards based on the rule of law which militate against the arbitrary and unreasonable exercise of discretion.
De même, la Cour a considéré que le paragraphe 1 de l'article 12 présupposait l'existence de garanties égales interdisant un exercice arbitraire et injustifié des pouvoirs discrétionnaires de l'État.