Enhver, hvis rettigheder og friheder som sikret af EU-retten er blevet krænket, skal have adgang til effektive retsmidler for en domstol under overholdelse af de betingelser, der er fastsat i denne artikel.  
No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national law or international law at the time when it was committed.  