Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary
Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary (IATA: LUA, ICAO: VNLK), disabuik juo palabuahan udaro Lukla, adolah ciek palabuahan udaro ketek nan barado di kota Lukla, di Khumbu, Distrik Solukhumbu, Provinsi No. 1, Nepal timur. Manuruik program televisi Most Extreme Airports, nan ditayangkan pado The History Channel taun 2010, palabuahan udaro ko alah dianggap sabagai nan paliang babahayo di saluruah dunia salamo 20 taun.[3]
Palabuahan udaro ko tanamo dek karano Lukla adolah tampek di ma kabanyakan urang maawali mandaki manuju Pangkalan Dasa Gunuang Everest (Everest Base Camp). Tadapek panabangan arian antaro Lukla jo Kathmandu salamo siang ari ko cuaca elok. Walaupun jarak panabangannyo pendek sajo, ujan biasanyo tajadi di Lukla sadang matoari basinar tarang di Kathmandu. Angin kancang, kabuik, jo parubahan jarak pandang dapek mambuek panabangan ditunda atau palabuahan udaro ditutuik. Palabuahan udaro ko bakuliliang jo paga nan dirantai sarato diawasi dek pulisi basinjato atau pulisi sipil Nepal satiok wakatu.
Sijarah[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Palabuahan udaro ko dibangun pado taun 1964 di bawah pangawasan Edmund Hillary, nan awanyo barancano mambuek palabuahan udaro di tanah patanian nan data. Namun para patani satampek indak nio maagiah tanahnyo, inggo palabuahan udaro ko tapaso dibangun di tampeknyo nan kini. Hillary mambali tanah dari urang-urang Sherpa satampek jo arago $USD 2650 sarato maajak urang-urang tu mambangun fasilitas palabuahan udaro ko.[4] Dicaritoan baso Hillary indak sanang jo katahanan tanah di landasan pacu, dek itu inyo mambali arak lokal untuak para Sherpa lalu mamintak kasadonyo untuak manari maantak-antak di ateh tanah nan kudian manjadi landasan pacu tu.[5] Landasan pacu tu indak baaspal inggo taun 2001.[6]
Pado bulan Januari 2008, palabuahan udaro ko diubah namonyo jadi namo nan kini untuak maoromaiki Sherpa Tenzing Norgay jo Sir Edmund Hillary, urang-urang patamo nan barasia mancapi puncak Gunuang Everest sarato usaonyo dalam mambangun palabuahan udaro ko.[7]
Fasilitas[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Landasan pacu baaspal palabuahan udaro ko anyo dapek dipakai jo helikopter sarato kapa tabang ketek basayok tatap nan dapek tingga-landas di landasan pacu nan pendek, sarupo De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Dornier Do 228, L-410 Turbolet, jo Pilatus PC-6 Turbo Porter. Laweh landasan pacunyo 527527 m (1729 ft) × 3030 m (98 ft) jo kamiringannyo 11.7% gradien.[1] Latak katinggian palabuahan udaronyo 9,3349334 ft (2845 m). Palabuahan udaro ko indak anyo untuak panumpang, tapi untuak maanta sabagian gadang bahan bangunan jo kargo ka kota ko, di ma ampia saluruah atok rumah-rumah di Lukla aruih dikirim jo kapa tabang.
Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary Airport acok disabuik badar udara paliang babahayo di saluruah dunia. Kadatangan jo kabarangkekan aruih malalui landasan pacu nan itu juo. Ketek kamungkinan kapa tabang dapek naiak lai untuak baputa baliak kok talalu pendek jarak mandarek, dek kaadoan bagunuang-gunuang di sakitanyo. Tadapek lereng tinggi tapek di ujuang utara landasan, sarato ngarai di ujuang salatannyo nan curam manurun ka lambah di bawahnyo.[8]
Dek tingginya kasulitan untuak pandaratan nan sukses di palabuahan udaro ko, Otoritas Panabangan Sipil Nepal manatapan standar nan tinggi, inggo anyo para panabang bapangalam nan saindaknyo panah 100 kali mandarat jo tingga landas di landasan pendek (short-takeoff-and-landing, STOL), sarato labih dari sataun bapangalaman STOL di Nepal jo manyalasaian sapuluah misi ka Lukla basamo panabang lain nan basertipikat, nan buliah mendapek izin mandarek di palabuahan udaro ko.[9][10]
Panabangan dan tujuan[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Statistik[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Jumalah panumpang[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Kacilakoan jo kajadian[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- Pado 15 Oktober 1973, kapa tabang Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-ABG) rusak indak dapek dibatuaan lai kutiko mandarek. Tigo kru jo tigo panompang indak taluko.[18]
- Pado 9 Juni 1991, kapa tabang Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-ABA) dari Kathmandu tahampeh di palabuahan udaro kutiko mancubo mandarek salapeh bagoyang-goyang kutiko andak mandarek ditangah cuaca buruak. Tigo kru jo ampek baleh panompang salamaik jo luko-luko.[19]
- Pado 26 September 1992, kapa tabang Royal Air Nepal Harbin Yunshuji Y-12-II (registrasi 9N-ACI) tapalantiang kutiko ka tingga landas inggo rusak indak dapek dipeloki lai. Kaduobaleh panompang jo duo kru salamaik.[20]
- Pado 25 Mai 2004, kutiko andak manuju ka palabuahan udaro ko, kapa tabang Yeti Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-AFD) dari Kathmandu tasuruak ka Bukik Lamjura di tangah kabuik. Indak ado panompan nan dibao; tigo kru sadonyo maningga. Komite panyalidiakan kacilakoan Nepalese manyimpulkan baso pilot mambari informasi nan indak tapek tantang posisinyo kapado Area Control Centre.[21]
- Pado 1 Oktober 2004, on landing at the airport, a Sita Air Dornier Do 228 suffered a collapse of its nose gear and slid along the runway, blocking it once it had come to rest. The airport was closed for two days.[22]
- Pado 30 Juni 2005, kapa taba Gorkha Airlines Dornier Do 228 tagulincia kalua landasan pacu kutiko andak mandarek. Sambilan panompang jo tigo kru luko-luko ringan. Kapa tabang tu dilaporkan dikaluaan dari operasi jo baranti dipakai satalah kajadian tu.[23][24]
- Pado 8 Oktober 2008, kapa tabang Yeti Airlines Flight 103, a DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-AFE) jatuah pado wakatu andak mandarek jo tabaka, maakibaikan maningganyo salapan baleh panompang jo kru. Kapten kapa tabang adolah satu-satunyo nan salamaik. Video kacilakoan manunjuakan cuaca buruak pado saaik kacilakoan.[25]
- Pado 12 Oktober 2010, kapa tabang Sita Air Dornier Do 228 (registrasi 9N-AHB) kailangan kontrol rem jo malangga dindiang di ujuang landasan kutiko mandarek. Kasadonyo panompang jo kru indak maalami luko; iduang kapa tabang rusak.[26]
- Pado 26 September 2013, helikopter Air Dynasty (registrasi 9N-AEX) jatuah kutiko baliang-baliang balakang manyintuah kawat baduri paga kuliliang palabuahan udaro ko. Kasadonyo tigo panompang jo kapten panabang salamaik.[27]
- Pado 27 Mai 2017, maskapai Summit Air Flight 409 sadang maangkuik barang jo kapa tabang Let L-410 dari Kathmandu ka Lukla (Nepal) mambao tigo kru, kutiko andak mandarek di landasan 06 Lukla pado 14:04L (08:19Z) sadang jarak pandang buruak kapa tabang manyintuah batang puhun di ujuang landasan inggo mandarek labiah-kurang 3 meter/10 kaki di bawah katinggian landasan. Kapa tabang tu tagulincia taruih di lereng inggo 200 meter di bawah katinggian landasan. Kapten kapa maningga sarato opsir patamo, Shrijan Manandhar, maningga di rumah sakik ampia salapan jam kudian. Kru katigo maalami luko-luko jo dievakuasi ka Kathmandu bisuak arinyo kutiko cuaca alah tarang.[28][29][30]
Galeri[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Caliak juo[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- Altiport
- Syangboche Airport
- Phaplu Airport
- List of airports in Nepal
Rujuakan[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- ↑ a b "NATIONAL AIRPORTS PLAN Current Situation and Diagnostic" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 March 2015.
- ↑ Informasi palabuahan udaro untuak Lukla, Nepal – Tenzing–Hillary Airport (VNLK / LUA) di Great Circle Mapper
- ↑ Templat:Cite episode
- ↑ Ibišbegović, Denis; Vesić, Zoran; Dikić, Nenad (2012). Inspirisani trenutkom: put za Everest bazni kamp. Belgrade: Nenad Dikić. pp. 49–50. https://books.google.de/books?id=Mlp5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=edmund+hillary+2650&source=bl&ots=wxz2Zmd0LP&sig=1l5XYoIW_alvVvb46Bu7t-2Hus8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd1-fk9JrXAhXnNpoKHYCOB7IQ6AEIWzAI#v=onepage&q=edmund%20hillary%202650&f=false. Diakses pado 30 Oktober 2017.
- ↑ "Nepal quake tough test for 'world's most dangerous airport'". The Himalayan Times. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2017.
- ↑ "This Is the World's Most Dangerous Airport". CN Traveler. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2017.
- ↑ "Nepal to name Everest airport after Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay". International Herald Tribune. 15 January 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 February 2008. Diakses tanggal 27 April 2010.
- ↑ "Why Is Lukla Airport the Most Dangerous Airport in the World?". February 27, 2018.
- ↑ "Flight Operations Requirements Aeroplane (Appendix 9)" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 3 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2017.
- ↑ "Incident: Nepal Airlines DHC6 at Solukhumbu on Apr 19th 2010, hard landing". The Aviation Herald. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2017.
- ↑ "Domestic Schedule". Nepal Airlines. Diakses tanggal 1 October 2018.
- ↑ "Flight Schedule". Sita Air. Diakses tanggal 1 May 2018.
- ↑ "Flight Schedule". Summit Air. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 April 2019. Diakses tanggal 1 October 2018.
- ↑ "Flight Schedule". Tara Air. Diakses tanggal 1 October 2018.
- ↑ "Civil Aviation Report 2009-2010" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 29 September 2011. Diakses tanggal 1 June 2018.
- ↑ "Civil Aviation Report 2011-2012" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 1 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 1 June 2018.
- ↑ "Civil Aviation Report 2017" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 18 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 1 June 2018.
- ↑ Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 9N-ABA Lukla Airport (LUA)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 October 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2011.
- ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident Harbin Yunshuji Y-12-II 9N-ACI Lukla Airport (LUA)". Aviation-safety.net. 26 September 1992. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 December 2011. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2012.
- ↑ Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ↑ Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 19 November 2006.
- ↑ Airline Industry Information Archived 2016-01-13 di Wayback Machine., 30 June 2005.
- ↑ Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ↑ BBC News. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
- ↑ Air Crash Observer "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 July 2011. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-07.
- ↑ "Chopper crashes in Lukla, minor injuries". Nepalnews.com. 26 September 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 March 2016.
- ↑ "Accident: Summit L410 at Lukla on May 27th 2017, contacted trees and impacted ground before runway". The Aviation Herald. 27 May 2017. Diakses tanggal 28 May 2017.
- ↑ "Lukla air crash toll reaches 2 as co-pilot dies for want of treatment". The Himalayan Times. 28 May 2017. Diakses tanggal 30 May 2017.
- ↑ "Kiwi 'heroes' in dramatic Mt Everest rescue after cargo plane slams into mountain". New Zealand Herald. 29 May 2017. Diakses tanggal 18 June 2017.
Pautan lua[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- Video of operations at the Lukla airport from YouTube
- Templat:ASNAviation Safety Network
- Photo of aircraft departing Lukla from Airliners.net
- "Most Dangerous airport in the world" Lukla Airport video
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