Magna Carta
Magna Carta (Latin untuak "Piagam Besar") adolah piagam nan dikaluaan di Inggrih pado tanggal 15 Juni 1215 nan mambatasi monarki Inggrih, sajak maso Raja John, dari kakuasaan absolut.
Magna Carta adolah hasil dari pasalisihan antaro Paus, Raja John, jo baronnyo ateh hak-hak rajo: Magna Carta mangharuskan rajo untuak mambatalan babarapo hak dan manghargoi babarapo prosedur legal, jo untuak manarimo bahwa kainginan rajo dapek dibatehi dek hukum. Magna Carta adolah langkah patamo dalam proses sijarah nan panjang nan manuju ka pambuekan hukum konstitusional.
Isi Magna Carta[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Isi Magna Carta sabagai berikut:
- Rajo sarato katurunannyo bajanji akan maghormati kemerdekaan, hak, jo kabebasan Gareja Inggrih.
- Rajo berjanji kapado panduduak karajaan nan bebas untuak maagiahan hak-hak.
- Para patuges keamanan jo pemunguik pajak akan manghormati hak-hak panduduak.
- Polisi ataupun jaksa indak dapek manuntuik seseorang tanpa bukti dan saksi nan sah.
- Seseorang nan bukan budak indak akan ditahan, ditangkok, dinyatoan basalah tanpa palinduangan nagaro dan tanpa alasan hukum sabagai dasar tindakannyo.
- Apobilo seseorang tanpa palinduangan hukum alah talanjua ditahan, rajo bajanji akan mangoreksi kasalahannyo.
- Kakuasaan rajo harus dibatasi.
- Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) labiah pantiang daripado kadaulatan, kakuasaan, politik jo hukum.
Magna Carta dianggok sabagai lambang pajuangan hak-hak asasi manusia, dan dianggok sabagai tonggak perjuangan laianyo hak asasi manusia.
Petition of Rights[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Pado dasarnyo Petition of Rights barisi partanyaan-partanyaan mangenai hak-hak rakyaik sarato jaminannyo. Petisi iko diajuan dek para bangsawan kapado rajo di muko parlemen pado taun 1628. Isinyo sacaro garih gadang manuntuik hak-hak sabagai berikut:
- Pajak dan pungutan istimewa harus disaratoi parsetujuan parlemen.
- Warga nagaro indak buliah dipasoan manarimo tentara di rumahnyo.
- Tentara indak buliah manggunoan hukum parang dalam kaadaan damai.
Habeas Corpus Act[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Habeas Corpus Act adolah undang-undang nan mangatua tantang panahanan seseorang dibuek pado taun 1679. Isinyo adolah sabagai berikut:
- Seseorang nan ditahan sacapeknyo dipareso dalam wakatu 2 hari sasudah panahanan.
- Alasan panahanan seseorang harus disaratoi bukti nan sah menuruik hukum.
Bill of Rights[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
Bill of Rights merupoan undang-undang nan dicetusan taun 1689 dan ditarimo parlemen Inggrih, nan isinyo maatua tantang:
- Kebebasan dalam pamilihan anggota parlemen.
- Kebebasan mangecek jo mangaluaan pandapek.
- Pajak, undang-undang jo pambentukan tentara tatok harus saizin parlemen.
- Hak warga nagaro untuak mamaluak agamo manuruik kapercayaan masiang-masiang.
- Parlemen berhak untuak meaubah kaputusan rajo.
Pranala luar[suntiang | suntiang sumber]
- Templat:UK-LEG
- "Treasures in Full: Magna Carta", two copies from 1215 from the British Library in multi-media format.
- Annotated English translation of 1215 version
- The Magna Carta in Medieval History of Navarre
- "Magna Carta" Latin Text
- "Magna Carta Libertatum" Latin and English text
- Baronial Order of Magna Charta
- Global Magna Carta - modern interpretation, book by J T Coombes
- The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All by Peter Linebaugh U of C Press 2008
- "Magna Carta and Its American Legacy" The influence of Magna Carta on the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights
- Parliament House, Canberra, Australia and Bad King John and the Australian Constitution Lecture commemorating the 700th anniversary of the 1297 issue of Magna Carta.
- The Magna Carta English translations. Project Gutenberg celebratory etext 10000
- Text of Magna Carta English translation, with introductory historical note. From the Internet Medieval Sourcebook.
- Notes prepared by Nancy Troutman
- Magna Carta glossary
- Magna Carta copy to be auctioned from BBC News
- Scholarly essay on Magna Carta at Sotheby's website
- Magna Carta – a Guide from Unlock Democracy.
- New York Daily News article on Magna Carta coming to Manhattan, 4 July 2008
- Interactive, high-resolution view of a copy from 1297, previously owned by Ross Perot and given to the US National Archives
- The coats of arms of the barons together with the will of King John {{Fix
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