text: Compare: Co - cobalt and CO - carbon monoxide. Sometimes, the chemical equation also do not give the concentration of the substances, this is why terms like concentrated and diluted are used. Because every substance has a characteristic chemical formula, we cannot change the chemical formulas of the individual substances. Hardware store science investigation teacher resources and answer key to practice problems homework and assessment material exp 1 levers it in this activity students will use marshmallows to. It will utterly ease you to. , source: bonlacfoods. This makes balancing chemical equations calculator very significant to use. Write a chemical equation for the decomposition of bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid. Here is a ten-question balancing chemical equations quiz. this means hcl + naoh nac l + h 2 o 5. Problem Example 1: writing a molecular formula The well-known alcohol ethanol is composed of molecules containing two atoms of carbon, five atoms of hydrogen, and one atom of oxygen. Lead(IV) azide 6. An unbalanced chemical equation is equation written in (i) Skeletal form (ii) Proper form (iii) Simple form (iv) Unorganized form. 1k answers and 40m answer views. Physical and chemical changes. Compare: Co - cobalt and CO - carbon monoxide; To enter. Answer: N 2 + 3H 2 + Catalyst/773 K ⇨ 2NH 3. Example: Balance the chemical equation. The printable worksheets are provided with separate answer keys. This equation can be "solved" to find which value is represented by the letter x. com on June 17, 2021 by guest [MOBI] Gizmo Chemical Equations Exploration Sheet Answer Key This is likewise one of the factors by obtaining the soft documents of this gizmo chemical equations exploration sheet answer key by online. Answer to Balance each of the following chemical equation A. Students can solve NCERT Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions and Equations Multiple Choice Questions with Answers to know their preparation level. Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet One of the most useful devices for communicating information related to chemical changes is the chemical equation. Use colored pencils to circle the common atoms or compounds on each side of the equations to help you determine the type of reaction it illustrates. Chemical formula writing worksheet answer key the estimating worksheet is designed to direct you. 0 ____ Formula Mass = 164. Our mission is to end waste. Chemical reactions can be described by chemical equations. NIST is an agency of the U. Download the PDF of the worksheet here. metal + acid → salt + hydrogen gas. 1d imagines wattpad he makes you insecure. 2Ba + O 2 → 2BaO 35. Tips for Balancing Equations. Write a balanced equation for these reactions. Science; Chemistry; Chemistry questions and answers; Balance each of the following chemical equation A. Student Exploration Sheet Chemical Equations Gizmo Answers 1/1 Downloaded from old. Chemical equation uses the scientific symbols in the equation, and also makes it balanced. Marvin A full featured chemical editor for making science accessible on all platforms Marvin suite is a chemically intelligent desktop toolkit built to help you draw, edit, publish, render, import and export your chemical structures and as well as allowing you to convert between various chemical and graphical file formats. 0k points) chemical reactions and equations. For instance, H2 + O2 H2O. Some of these practice problems came from a great site called The Chem Team. Lead(IV) azide 6. Mg(s)+AgNO3(aq)→Mg(NO3)2(aq)+Ag(s) Express your answer as a chemical equation. Balancing Chemical Equations Gizmo Answers Activity B Tessshlo. Chemistry: Balancing Chemical Equations Directions: First, balance each of the chemical equations below. Although a chemical formula may imply certain simple chemical structures, it is not the same as a full chemical structural formula. Balanced equations. 00 g O 1 mole O 4 mole O 1 mole Ca C 2 O 4 1 mole Ca C 2 O 4 1 mole Ca Cl 2 = 6. docx from CHEMISTRY 1120 at Lincoln Trail College, Illinois Eastern Community Colleges. The chemical equation described in section 4. Chemical Equations. Balancing chemical equations worksheet 2 answers 26. When you write an equation for a chemical reaction, the two sides of the equation should balance — you need the same number of each kind of element on both sides. Enter an equation of a chemical reaction and click 'balance. As the equation is manipulated, the amount of each element is shown as individual atoms, histograms, or numerically. Stoichiometry. Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Quiz on naming/formula of chemical compounds (combination of the three quizzes above) gap-fill quiz on 20 common chemical formula. 4 Al + 3 O 2 2 Al 2O 3 4. When you are done, turn on show summary to check your answer. C a O + H 2 O → C a (O H) 2 A lot of heat is produced in the reaction, which may even cause the water to boil. Marvin A full featured chemical editor for making science accessible on all platforms Marvin suite is a chemically intelligent desktop toolkit built to help you draw, edit, publish, render, import and export your chemical structures and as well as allowing you to convert between various chemical and graphical file formats. COM- Find here the NCERT/CBSE chapter-wise Multiple Choice Questions from Class 10 Science book Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations with Answers Pdf free download. Ideal Gas Law with Density. Such Multiple Choice Type Questions are ideal to brushes your basic concepts to answer in CBSE Class 10 Science Exam 2020. For example, Fe + 3HC2H3O2 = Fe (C2H3O2)3 + H2. Aluminum hydrogencarbonate 4. Write a chemical equation for the decomposition of bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid. KEY Name _ Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate term: chemical The number of atoms of each element on equal both sides of the equation must be _ because matter created Input it if you want to receive answer. Mass of products does not equal mass of reactants. One molecule of hydrogen element contains two atoms of hydrogen, therefore, the formula of hydrogen is H 2. , source: ngosaveh. Combination or Synthesis Chemical Reaction This is the most common type of chemical equation. Sometimes a question may already contain part of the equation in the Reaction Editor. Balance the equations. (i) Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula. Be aware that some reactions may fall into more than one category. The substances which combine or react are known as reactants. 7, for example, CaCO. Materials with the chemical property of toxicity include lead, chlorine gas. You can change the width and height of the embedded simulation by changing the "width" and "height" attributes in the HTML. The key features of the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 are -. (You can leave x in the term and use the quadratic equation or the method of successive approximations to solve for x, but it will not improve the significance of your answer. A chemical equation represents, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It remains the same while using balanced equation calculator. answer choices. chemical-equations-and-reactions-section-1-answers 1/8 Downloaded from www. Cl 2 + 3F 2 → 2ClF 3 30. chemical reactions/balancing equations. If you are balancing equations that have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms then balance the carbon atoms first, the hydrogen atoms second and the oxygen atoms last. The equation must represent known facts. Mg(s)+AgNO3(aq)→Mg(NO3)2(aq)+Ag(s) Express your answer as a chemical equation. Answer: When quick lime (CaO) is added to water, the product formed is slaked lime Ca(OH) 2. Bases are from 7 to 14. A chemical equation is the chemical formula that provides the information of the elements and molecules that are reacting as well as the molecules that are being produced from that reaction. Answer to Balance each of the following chemical equation A. A: (a)Balanced equation for the given reaction follows as, question_answer Q: A 0. Provides a lot of practice questions of different difficulty levels to face the board exams without fear. Both of these sides are separated by the means of an arrow. Chemical Equations and Reactions. 1 n 2 3 h 2 2 nh 3 5. 4K + 2O 2 → 2K 2 O 29. giving chemical equation answer the following a what happens when copper is heated in air b what happens when the product obtained in above reaction i - Chemistry - TopperLearning. Ily Eq Panosundaki Pin. When balancing equations, you never change subscripts. Chemistry worksheets. Quiz on balancing Symbol Chemical Equations with numbers. Access Google Docs with a free Google account (for personal use) or Google Workspace account (for business use). Here are some worksheets with answers you can download and print to practice balancing equations: Practicing Balancing Chemical Equations - Worksheet; Balancing Chemical Equations - Answers; Practicing Balancing Chemical Equations - Worksheet #2; Balancing Chemical Equations - Answers #2. decomposes to form CaO. View Answer. C what do we call the number 2 in front of the h 2 and h 2o. Writing chemical formulas is a vital skill for the JEE Stoichiometry is a concept that addresses determining the number of goods and reactants in an equation. Is the shorthand way of expressing chemical reaction using numbers, symbols and formula. June 15, 2020 by admin. It is very simple to use. Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet 2 - ANSWERS 26. Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10 Important Questions Very Short Answer Type Question 1. This chemical law states that in order for the equation to be correct, "An equal quantity of matter exists both before and after the experiment; the. (i)Write the equation using symbols and formula. Launch Gizmo. Aluminum hydrogencarbonate 4. Carbon dioxide freezes to form dry ice. Chemical formulas are more limiting than chemical names and structural formulas. There are several ways to approach a difficult equation. Physical and chemical changes. The Ideal Gas Law is an equation of state for a gas, which describes the relationships among the four variables temperature (T), pressure (P), volume (V), and moles of gas (n). While balancing the reactions, the number of atoms on each side is presented. An equation is balanced when the same number of each element is represented on the. Use uppercase for the first character in the element and lowercase for the second character. Law of conservation of mass governs the balancing of a chemical equation. 30 seconds. View Answer. Chemical Equations Worksheet 2 Answer Key Balancing chemical equations is a math-like skill that can be achieved through repitious practice. Ionic charges are not yet supported and will be ignored. Balancing equations answer key balancing chemical equations phet worksheet answer key. Access Google Docs with a free Google account (for personal use) or Google Workspace account (for business use). aq is called aqueous which comes. Balancing Equations Worksheet Answers Momsday Co. Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. Balancing chemical equations is a key chemistry skill. As with subscripts, you don't write the coefficient of "1. Balancing Chemical Equations Practice Worksheet Answer Key Balancing from balancing chemical equations practice worksheet with answers , source:acthum. Student exploration student exploration sheet: A number placed in front of a formula to balance a chemical equation. Balance the equation. Solid zinc sulfide reacts with oxygen in the air. when the number of atoms of different elements on reactant and product sides are equal then the chemical is called balanced chemical equation. BarCharts - CHEMISTRY Equations & Answers (Quick Study: Academic) [2006 version] All of this information also included in CHEMISTRY Spiral Bound Easel (ISBN-13: 978-1423225751) Basic Skills: (Calculator Survival) (How to do Word Problems) (How to Work with Units) (How to Use equations for Data Conversion) (How to use a Conversion Factor). KEY Name _ Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate term: chemical The number of atoms of each element on equal both sides of the equation must be _ because matter created Input it if you want to receive answer. Since every unique chemical substance has a definite composition, every such substance must be describable by a chemical formula. It is important to balance chemical equations because there must be an equal number of atoms on both sides of the equation to follow the Law of the Conservation of Mass. To practice entering chemical expression answers. Chemical equation can be used to determine mass relationships between reactants and products. pdf files name | balancing chemical equations gizmo answer key pdf contributions to sedimentology, governmental plans answer. Balancing equations worksheet and key 1. The simplest whole-number ratio of C to H to O atoms in glucose is 1:2:1, so the empirical formula is CH 2 O. So as we know it’s formula is H2O where 2 Hydrogen(H) molecule combine with 1 Oxygen (O) molecule with the covelant bond. Answer to Balance each of the following chemical equation A. 18/09/2019 18/09/2019 · Worksheet by Lucas Kaufmann. Balance the equations below: 1) 1. Here are the equations for this reaction: Calcium oxide + water → calcium hydroxide. The molecular equation shows each of the substances in the reaction as compounds with physical states written next to the chemical formulas. Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheets 2. To practice entering chemical expression answers. emanjamshidi, learning explore-learning-balancing-chemical-equations-answer-key Is explorelearning gizmo answer key. Not sure how equation 7 works. This is a collection of printable worksheets to practice balancing equations. Balanced Equation: The chemical equation for a reaction must always be represented in the balanced form: that is, the number of elements of each kind must be the same on either side of the reaction. Single replacement (displacement) react…. When you are done, turn on show summary to check your answer. 2Mg + Cl 2 → MgCl 2 27. the substance at the reaction temperature. Chemical Equations Gizmo Worksheet Answer Key - Tessshebaylo Showing top 8 worksheets in the category - Gizmo. This one may not be as easy to see the final answer so we will use the guidelines to balance the equation. One each side of the equal side, also known as yields, the number and type of atoms are. See full list on byjus. Balancing Chemical Equations Art Project Objective: Working in pairs, students will create a mini-poster that visually illustrates the process of balancing a chemical equation. Definition of terms Formula weight is a quantity computed by. To be useful, chemical equations must always be balanced. Balancing chemical equations is a key chemistry skill. aqueous sodium chloride reacts with aqueous lead (II) nitrate to yield a lead (II) chloride precipitate and aqueous sodium nitrate. Mg(s)+AgNO3(aq)→Mg(NO3)2(aq)+Ag(s) Express your answer as a chemical equation. Separate the redox reaction into two half reactions. Answers for Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions For all combustion reactions of hydrocarbons or hydrogen-carbon-oxygen molecules, the products will always be CO2 and H2O (assuming a complete reaction). 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(ii) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water. Balancing an unbalanced equation is mostly a matter of making certain mass and charge are balanced on the reactants and products side of the reaction arrow. Answer to Balance each of the following chemical equation A. All academic and business writing simply has to have Balancing Chemical Equations Homework Worksheet Answers absolutely perfect grammar, punctuation, spelling, formatting, and composition. Student exploration chemical equations answer key gizmo free. Yeah it is right that water has no chemical equation like any other chemical exist in the known world list. Answer 85. Doing chemical reactions is the main focus of chemistry because that's where the action is. (iii) Name the oxidizing agent. The answer will appear below. The complete ionic equation shows each of the aqueous compounds as separate ions. Let's take a very simple chemical equation, the combination of hydrogen and oxygen to create water. A solution of lead (II) nitrate is mixed with a solution of sodium iodide. In a chemical equation, you can end up with different number of atoms of an element on the reactant side for the same element on the product side. The chemical equation gives the relative amounts of reactants and products. Start studying Balancing Chemical Equations Gizmo Balancing chemical equations gizmo answer key activity b. Provide the answers for the coefficients (big front numbers, number of molecules) that you found when you balanced. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate term: chemical Reactants products equation tells the story of a chemical reaction. org website that is not hotelsrate. Solution for lons No: Chemical Formula Chemical Name (If Present) 1. 1 is balanced, meaning that equal numbers student exploration balancing chemical equations gizmo answer key pdf author: Coefficient, combustion, compound, decomposition, double replacement, element, molecule, product, reactant, single replacement, subscript, synthesis prior. There are two methods that can be followed. Writing And Balancing Chemical Equations. Watch the video and then complete the chart. Write an equation for the formation one mole of HF(g) from its elements in its standard states. Write a chemical equation for the decomposition of bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid. Balancing Chemical Equations Phet Simulation Worksheet Tessshlo. Acid, base, catalyst, chemical change, coefficient, conservation of matter, decomposition, dissolve, double activity a: turn off show summary and. AP chemistry chemical Equations worksheet Answer Key changes to the AP Chemistry Exam format for 2007 include modification to were euestion 4 in Section II. Write your answers in each box. Writing balanced chemical equations worksheet answers. (b) (i) P 4 (s) + 10Cl 2 (g) ———> 4PCl 5 (S). This function of handling calls can easily be delegated. compound + compound -> compound + compound. org Chemistry Chemical Reactions Reactions and Equations PSI Chemistry Name_____ I- Skeleton equations - Write the correct formulas for all reactants and products, then balance. True, this is a balanced equation, but you have changed the substances in it. 2Mg + O 2 2MgO. Parts of a balanced chemical equation. Introduction To Balancing Equations Answer Key - 46 Splendi Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet Template Samsfriedchickenanddonuts. Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet Answer Key Chemistry If8766 from Chemistry Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet Answer Key. calcium copper + oxygen + sulfur calcium hydroxide calcium oxide hydrogen hydrogen nitrogen chlorine + sulfur silver chromium aluminum sodium hydrogen aluminum + oxygen + bromine Y 3 2 A)h3n + iodine oxygen oxygen 10. Stoichiometric mass predictions for each possible reaction. Set 1 (The combining power of silver is 1 and zinc is 2) Anions -. Free worksheets(pdf) with answers keys on solving systems ofl inear equations. Mg(s)+AgNO3(aq)→Mg(NO3)2(aq)+Ag(s) Express your answer as a chemical equation. This is the currently selected item. 2Mg + Cl 2 → MgCl 2 27. This chemical law states that in order for the equation to be correct, "An equal quantity of matter exists both before and after the experiment; the. The equation is balanced when there are equalnumbers of introduction: Coefficient, compound, decomposition,. Since Lithium (Li) has a charge of 1+ and Nitrogen (N) has a charge of 3-, therefore, in order to balance out the 3- charge on Nitrogen, 3x 1+ charge on Lithium will be required. The Big number in front of the atom. M 2 refers to the final concentration of the solution and V 2 is the final total volume of the solution. 41 writing and balancing chemical equations. The printable worksheets are provided in pdf format with separate answer keys. 0 g/cm 3) is not the same as gold (19. Stoichiometry. - Chemical Equations - Molecular Weights of Reactants and Products - Formulas of Various Compounds Now, an example. Balancing chemical equations worksheet for 6th grade when it comes to you wanting to set goals for yourself there are several ways in which this is often done. when the number of atoms of different elements on reactant and product sides are equal then the chemical is called balanced chemical equation. Solution for lons No: Chemical Formula Chemical Name (If Present) 1. VIEW TOPIC. If you also get perplexed in balancing chemical equations follow the tips for correct balancing chemical equations worksheet answers. Write a chemical equation when magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce a solution of magnesium chloride. The simplest whole-number ratio of C to H to O atoms in glucose is 1:2:1, so the empirical formula is CH 2 O. Please follow the steps below to conduct your search (Help) : Enter a chemical species name or pattern: (e. It is designed to direct you. Mg(s)+AgNO3(aq)→Mg(NO3)2(aq)+Ag(s) Express your answer as a chemical equation. In a balanced chemical equation, the same atoms are present on each side of the equation, but simply rearranged. Balancing chemical equations worksheet 2 answers 26. Balancing chemical equations gizmo answers. Balancing chemical equations answer key. Melting of candle wax when heated. As the equation is manipulated, the amount of each element is shown as individual atoms, histograms, or numerically. This is the currently selected item. 20 5 ch3 chemical reactions. The complete ionic equation shows each of the aqueous compounds as separate ions. Balancing Chemical Equations Author: Ingrid Taylor Last. pdf - 1 agent. Chemical Equation Revision Practice. Not sure how equation 7 works. To solve this system is to find the value of variables a, b, c which are the desired coefficients. H 2 O 2 --> H 2 O +O 2. hen balancing. This is a collection of printable worksheets to practice balancing equations. 2 Identify the parts of a chemical equation. Chemical equations worksheet. Write a chemical equations. So as we know it’s formula is H2O where 2 Hydrogen(H) molecule combine with 1 Oxygen (O) molecule with the covelant bond. The balanced equation will appear above. Balance a chemical equation. Four Marks Questions. then we can identify the reactants and products of the chemical reaction:. The purpose of balancing chemical equations is to make sure the same number of each element exist. Lead(IV) azide 6. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of reaction in each case. Chemical formula or expression answer type (Simple Editor) You can use the Simple Editor to create or edit the chemical formula or expression answer type in an item. Some basic chemical ideas and keywords. Balancing chemical equation with substitution. Worksheet: Balancing Equations I. 2 H2O2 --> 2 H2O + O2. edu on June 22, 2021 by guest [Books] Chemical Equations And Reactions Section 1 Answers Thank you very much for reading chemical equations and reactions section 1 answers. It will calculate the total mass along with the elemental composition and mass of each element in the compound. The complete ionic equation shows each of the aqueous compounds as separate ions. when the chemical equation was balanced, this compound appeared as 6(c 6 h 12 o 6). WARNING! Long answer! The balanced equation is "C"_12"H"_22"O"_11 + "H"_2"O" → "4C"_2"H"_5"OH" + "4CO"_2 > This is a reduction-oxidation reaction. 020 + x] = [x][0. The chemical formula for water, shown in Figure 1, is H 2 O. Balance and classify five types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion. (b) (i) P 4 (s) + 10Cl 2 (g) ———> 4PCl 5 (S). A chemical equation is the chemical formula that provides the information of the elements and molecules that are reacting as well as the molecules that are being produced from that reaction. There are several ways to approach a difficult equation. Tags: Question 7. Balancing Chemical Equations. Yeah it is right that water has no chemical equation like any other chemical exist in the known world list. You can see by simply adding a 2 in front of NO, we violate the first guideline even though it leads us to a balanced equation. Science; Chemistry; Chemistry questions and answers; Balance each of the following chemical equation A. Chemical bonds are created and destroyed to finally make iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3). Balancing Chemical Equations Phet Simulation Worksheet Tessshlo. Reata: Legendary Texas Cooking Add Comment Unforgettable: Like a Virgin: Lost on an Island of Dreams (Amnesia Brides Book 1) Edit. The number of atoms of the reactants and products need to be balanced. This resource will help and challenge students to write chemical formulas of compounds using the valencies of elements. Hence with the unequal number of oxygen molecules the chemical equation is said to be unbalanced. There are two types of methods that are employed for chemical equations. Quiz on balancing Symbol Chemical Equations with numbers. 2Mg + Cl 2 → MgCl 2 27. 1 CH 4 + 2 O 2. Double replacement 8. So a lot of emphasis is placed on chemical reactions. This Introduction to Balancing Chemical Equations worksheet was designed for middle and high school students just learning about balancing chemical equations and the Law of Conservation of Mass. edu-2021-06-29T00:00:00+00:01 Subject: Worksheet On Balancing Chemical Equations With Answer Key Keywords: worksheet, on, balancing, chemical, equations, with, answer, key Created Date: 6/29/2021 1:54:08 AM. To balance a chemical equation, enter an equation of a chemical reaction and press the balance button. Balancing chemical equation 1:visual representation of the unbalanced chemical equation: Have fun and good luck! 49. Here are some worksheets with answers you can download and print to practice balancing equations: Practicing Balancing Chemical Equations - Worksheet; Balancing Chemical Equations - Answers; Practicing Balancing Chemical Equations - Worksheet #2; Balancing Chemical Equations - Answers #2. Tips for Balancing Equations. Available here are Chapter 3 - Chemical reactions and equations Exercises Questions with Solutions and detail explanation for your practice before the examination. 2)? _2__How many atoms are in an oxygen molecule (O. Generally, they follow the format of reactants to products, where "reactants" are the starting materials of your reaction and "products" are the end result. What is the empirical formula of rubbing alcohol? Empirical and Molecular Formula Worksheet ANSWER KEY. Enter the chemical equation 2H^+ (aq) + S^ {2-} (aq) rightarrow H_2S (g) Express your answer as a chemical equation. If you want to think of a very slow reaction. CH 4 + 2O 2 -> CO 2 + H 2 O. Identify the conjugate acid–base pairs in this reaction. Write a chemical equation when magnesium metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce a solution of magnesium chloride. Solution for lons No: Chemical Formula Chemical Name (If Present) 1. Enter a chemical equation to balance: The answer will appear below. Reata: Legendary Texas Cooking Add Comment Unforgettable: Like a Virgin: Lost on an Island of Dreams (Amnesia Brides Book 1) Edit. June 15, 2020 by admin. The new format. The molecular formula is C 6 H 12 O 6 because one molecule actually contains 6 C, 12 H, and 6 O atoms. Results 1 - 10 of 75000 for Balancing Chemical Equations Gizmo Answer Key Pdf. Science; Chemistry; Chemistry questions and answers; Balance each of the following chemical equation A. Lead(IV) azide 6. (a) Balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of different elements in the reactants and products. Please follow the steps below to conduct your search (Help) : Enter a chemical species name or pattern: (e. Chemical equations cannot be made without the corresponding chemicals and their possible reactions. 1 n 2 3 h 2 2 nh 3 5. Limiting Reactant- A reactant that is consumed completely in a chemical reaction. Links Revision Quizzes Revision Questions. Balancing chemical equations answer key balance the equations below. Also includes a practice worksheet with 17 practice problems, a teacher's guide with helpful hints to teaching balancing equations, and an answer key. Express your answer in the form of a balanced chemical equation. (ii)Name a solid reactant in the reaction. 1 x 108 Kc-1. This is a collection of printable worksheets to practice balancing equations. Balancing chemical equations worksheet 1. Most of the liquids you find every day have a pH near 7. Balance the equations below: 1) 1. Question 5 Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them. Links Revision Quizzes Revision Questions. CHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 3: EQUATIONS. Conservation of momentum c. A chemical formula shows how many atoms of each kind of element are present in a molecule. We will ignore the two in front of the hydrogen for a moment. Chemical Reactions and Equations MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 with Answers NCERTCOURSE. Free equations calculator - solve linear, quadratic, polynomial, radical, exponential and logarithmic equations with all the steps. Let's take a very simple chemical equation, the combination of hydrogen and oxygen to create water. The balanced chemical equation is. personals-beof. This one may not be as easy to see the final answer so we will use the guidelines to balance the equation. A chemical equation in which both sides have the same # of atoms remember from. Balancing chemical equations is a basic skill in chemistry and testing yourself helps retain important information. Write a balanced equation for the net gas-generating reactions (the combination of the first and second reactions). Balancing chemical equations worksheet for 6th grade when it comes to you wanting to set goals for yourself there are several ways in which this is often done. Use appropriate ionic and molecular formulas to show the reactants and the products for the following, each of which occurs in aqueous solution except as indicated. Balance each of the following equations following the procedure described in class. Balance the equations. Practice Problems. You have to balance the chemical equation for every thing, under the Mass Protection Act, but it's difficult for many students to balance it. Question 3: Nomenclature from Condensed Formulas. Get free Balbharati Solutions for Science and Technology Part 1 10th Standard SSC Maharashtra State Board Chapter 3 Chemical reactions and equations solved by experts. The Ultimate Chemical Equations Handbook Answers Chapter 9 Author: digitalchurch. Balancing Chemical Equations Practice Worksheet Answer Key. A: (a)Balanced equation for the given reaction follows as, question_answer Q: A 0. This process is summarized by a chemical equation. • Write and balance chemical equations in molecular, total ionic, and net ionic formats. Balancing Chemical Equations Gizmo Answers Key Tessshlo. Student exploration student exploration sheet: A number placed in front of a formula to balance a chemical equation. Balanced Equation: The chemical equation for a reaction must always be represented in the balanced form: that is, the number of elements of each kind must be the same on either side of the reaction. Use equation shortcuts. To balance a chemical equation, enter an equation of a chemical reaction and press the Balance button. That rusting happens because the iron (Fe) in the metal combines with oxygen (O 2) in the atmosphere. Download Free Chemical Equations Gizmo Assessment Answers Chemical Equations Gizmo Assessment Answers Right here, we have countless books chemical equations gizmo assessment answers and collections to check out. Phase changes (answer key) by dedfsf. In this page we are providing chemical reactions and equations class 10 extra questions and answers science chapter 1 pdf download. Balancing chemical equations practice answer key graphic organizer. 1 is balanced, meaning that equal numbers student exploration balancing chemical equations gizmo answer key pdf author: Each lesson includes a student exploration sheet, an exploration sheet answer key, a teacher guide, a vocabulary sheet and assessment questions. For example, $$2 \mathrm{Mg}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} 2 \mathrm{MgO}$$ Question 4. 2 h 2 + o 2 → 2 h. 4) C2H6O2. As with subscripts, you don't write the coefficient of "1. Balancing an unbalanced equation is mostly a matter of making certain mass and charge are balanced on the reactants and products side of the reaction arrow. If you are balancing equations that have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms then balance the carbon atoms first, the hydrogen atoms second and the oxygen atoms last. Sulfuric acid is made of two hydrogen atoms (H), one sulfur atom (S), and four oxygen atoms (O). These chemical changes, unless offset by other physiological functions, cause the pH of the blood to drop. Key to Equations Practice (doc file. You’ll learn how to differentiate physical and chemical processes, and how to measure and express chemical reactions via chemical equations. Carbon dioxide freezes to form dry ice. Balancing Chemical Equations Practice Worksheet Answer Key. Answering products have become a boon for fast paced doctors for the reason that they free the doctors from multiple routine jobs like earning appointments, giving directions towards clinic and answering a variety of other routine issues from patients. Write a chemical equations. It is important to balance a chemical equation because. Mg(s)+AgNO3(aq)→Mg(NO3)2(aq)+Ag(s) Express your answer as a chemical equation. You can find the general technique for balancing redox equations here. Chemical equations should always be balanced; that is a chemical equation should have the same number of atoms on both the reactant and product side of the equation. CHEMISTRY CH-1 CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION QUESTION ANSWER. ( true or false ). 30 seconds. Since Lithium (Li) has a charge of 1+ and Nitrogen (N) has a charge of 3-, therefore, in order to balance out the 3- charge on Nitrogen, 3x 1+ charge on Lithium will be required. , source: tessshebaylo. Answers to practice problems 1. Balancing Chemical Equations. Naming monatomic ions and ionic compounds. A chemical equation is balanced when each side of the equation includes the same b. N2 + h2 → nh3. In this activity, you will practice counting the atoms that are represented in chemical formulas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between aqueous hydrochloric acid and aqueous calcium hydroxide. C what do we call the number 2 in front of the h 2 and h 2o. It will help you to enhance the top quality of your life. Latest answer posted January 19, 2014 at 8:57:52 PM Write and balance the equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide to produce sodium sulfate and water. , the 4 preceding H 2 O in Equation \(\ref{3. (Opens a modal) Worked example: Using oxidation numbers to identify oxidation and reduction. Although the compounds are clearly related to one another, it’s equally as clear that they’re. With few exceptions, hydrogen atoms are always placed on the outside of the molecule, and in this case the central atom would be oxygen. When solid mercury (II) oxide is heated, liquid mercury and oxygen gas are produced. The preparation of lawful papers can be costly and time-consuming. Here is an example of a simple linear equation: 2 x + 7 = 15. Acid, base, catalyst, chemical change, coefficient, conservation of matter, decomposition, dissolve, double activity a: turn off show summary and. 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# Revision history [back]

Actually, this does not work on sage-5.9 either. apeel seems to use a 32-bit system whereas ppurka seems to use a 64-bit system. On a 64-bit system, you will only be able to go twice further (65536 = 2^16 instead of 32768 = 2^15):

sage: f = x[0]**(2^16-1)
sage: f = x[0]**(2^16)
...
OverflowError: Exponent overflow (65536).

If you really need to work with such a big exponent, you could request it on the trac server and then on singular as well, though it is possible they won't change this limit due to a possible loss of performance (i didn't check the code, so it might be possible to go until 2^32 without much loss).

If you are looking for a mathematical workaround, you need to give more information on what is your function doing. For example, if you only use the variable x[0] in this function, you could try to transform your polynomial f as a univariate polynomial, and then work with it:

sage: P = f.univariate_polynomial()

format: plain


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## Solving simultaneous equations and forcing Maple t...

Hi,

I am trying to find p and q from this simultaneous equation as a function of system parameters. I do not know the parameters and I need an expression. But Maple simply just gives p=0 and q=0 as an answer

Eq1:=61*q*L__1^2*C*e*eta/(16*omega__n^2)+5*q*L__1^2*C*e^3*eta^3/(8*omega__n^4)+3*C*p^3*gamma__1*(1/4)+3*q*C*p^2*R__n/(4*omega__n)+q*L__1^2*C*e^4*eta^4/(16*omega__n^5)+145*q*L__1^2*C/(64*omega__n)+3*q^3*C*R__n/(4*omega__n)+3*p*C*q^2*gamma__1*(1/4)+q*R*C/(4*omega__n)+19*q*L__1^2*C*e^2*eta^2/(8*omega__n^3):
Eq2:=-3*C*p^3*R__n/(4*omega__n)-3*p*C*q^2*R__n/(4*omega__n)-p*L__1^2*C*e^4*eta^4/(16*omega__n^5)-5*p*L__1^2*C*e^3*eta^3/(8*omega__n^4)-19*p*L__1^2*C*e^2*eta^2/(8*omega__n^3)-61*p*L__1^2*C*e*eta/(16*omega__n^2)-145*p*L__1^2*C/(64*omega__n)-p*R*C/(4*omega__n)+3*q*C*p^2*gamma__1*(1/4)+3*q^3*C*gamma__1*(1/4):
sys := { Eq1 , Eq2 };solve( sys, {p,q} );

Is there any way to help Maple to try other conditions, I know the only solution should not be just p=0 and q=0.

Thanks,

Baharm31

## Unapply versus arrow operator...

Hi,

I do not really understand the difference between annrow operator and unapply.
From the help pages it seems that unapply "creates" an arrow operator and thus that they could be two different ways to do the same thing.

restart:

f := x[1]+y[1]:

a := indets(f):                  # just because f can be more complex than the f above
g := (op(a)) -> f;              # generates an error, "operators not of a symbol type"
h := unapply(f, (op(a)))   # ok, but with a strange output
h := (x__1, y__1) -> x__1+y__1

So it seems that Maple has transform by itself the indexed x[1] and y[1] into symbols x__1 and y__1.

Could you explain me what happened exactly ?

TIA

## How to tell Maple to give the highest order of der...

Assume we have an expression in several variables, x,y,z,..., where all of them are function of one parameter, t, for an example consider the following simple expression;

try2.mw

## use factor or using rule for simplify...

How I can simplify result? For factor or using rule.

Thanks

## Problem changing signature in Physics package...

Hello,

I am trying to work with the Physics package to calculate Christoffel symbols. I have just started using Maple today and am coming up against a few hurdles.

I want to change the signature of the metric from (+---) to (-+++). I am typing the following in math mode:

Setup( signature = '-+++')

However, this is returning the following error:

"Error, invalid sum/difference" with my command rewritten within a red box together with the last '+" within another red box. Can you please help me out with this?

Thank you.

## Error, unterminated loop...

Hello,

How can write a code for determination of Laplacian in a new form is introduced in maple code (First line).

Thank you.

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 (1)
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 (2)
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## plot toroidal and bipolar...

How can plot two  and bipolar figures as attached and extract their data.

Thank You.

## Napoleon's problem, a wrong result...

with(LinearAlgebra):
assign(seq(U || i = <,>(x[i], y[i]), i = 1 .. 3));
U || 4 := U || 1; r := (1/6)*sqrt(3);
assign(seq(V || i = (U || i+U || (i+1))*(1/2)+(<,>(<|>(0, 1), <|>(-1, 0)) . (U || (i+1)-U || i))*r, i = 1 .. 3)); Norm(V || 3-V || 1, 2); is(Norm(V || 3-V || 1, 2) = Norm(V || 3-V || 2, 2)); is(Norm(V || 2-V || 1, 2) = Norm(V || 3-V || 2, 2));

## Strange Result from Solve...

Fsolve produces the correct solution.  solve followed by evalf produces a completely different solution.

What am I doing wrong?

## Ioannes Colla problem: "Divide 10 into three parts such that they
## shall be in continued proportion and that the product of the first
## two shall be 6"
eqs := [a+b+c=10, a/b=b/c, a*b=6];
fsolve(eqs); ## correct solution
evalf(solve(eqs)); ## different

Tom Dean

## Inconsistently working if-statements within a proc...

Would anybody be able to explain to me why I had to rewrite this one baby-procedure that has an if-statement inside my larger procedure, so that I could get a later on if-statement to work? As best I can tell, they mean exactly the same thing.

Information that may be pertinent:

- The entire (overall) procedure worked without throwing any warnings prior to my adding this new if-statement.
- The if-statement itself worked perfectly fine on another worksheet, though I hadn't tested it inside a procedure.
- Commenting out the if-statement but retaining the interior commands led to the sheet compiling again, showing that it was in fact the presence of the if-statement causing the issue.
- When I commented out the offending baby-procedure that started throwing the warning, the sheet once again compiled.

if eval_size > 4 then Search(max(seq(eval_cont[i], i = 4 .. eval_size)), eval_cont); evals_pairlist := evals_pairlist[[1 .. 3, %]] fi:

The error I get, and its "positioning":

Error, invalid expression for inline function

## remove some errors...

Hello,

How I can remove some problems in my code.

I wrote it before in  software, but in some lines, I have some problems with it.

How I can change it in maple to run well?

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# Probability in picking

Me and my 2 friends were trying to pick who would be it for a game. A number was picked and recorded on a phone, it was 1, 2 or 3. If the first person who picks a number takes away that option from the next two who pick, does the first picker have a higher probability of picking the number that doesn't make him it? What my thinking is is that the first person has a 66.6% chance of picking a good one to not be it. Therefore probably leaving the wrong number left for the other two to pick. So now they only have two to chose from and one of them is the probable number left over from the first pick. My friends say no matter what they all have a 1/3 chance of being picked as the 'it' number, no matter if one was taken out by the first person at the start.

I did a test the day after with 3 cards. I drew for each person 100 times. It just so happened that person A had the best % of not being 'it'. The example only ended up as a tie twice in the whole game, and person A never was in the lead for getting the 'it' card. I told my friends that i did not think it would be a significant difference but a difference there none the less. At 45 trials A~28%, B~33%, C~37%. At 50 trials A~26%, B~40%, C~34%. At 70 trials A~28.6%, B~35.7%, C~35.7%. At 90 trials all 33.3%. At 100 trials 34%, 35%, 31%.... The lengths people will go to for 40 bucks...

And yes, I did get this idea from the Monty hall problem. I heard that a while before we came to this problem.

• explain the rules a bit more who is in or out? – Willemien Sep 8 '13 at 6:45

The first person has $\frac 23$ chance of picking a good number, and $\frac 13$ chance of picking the bad one.

In the first of these cases the second person has $\frac 12$ chance of picking a good number and $\frac 12$ chance of picking the bad one. In the second case, there is no chance of picking a bad one, as it has already been picked.

So the second person has $\frac 23 \cdot \frac 12=\frac 13$ chance of picking the bad number, and $\frac 23 \cdot \frac 12+\frac 13\cdot 1 = \frac 23$ chance of picking a good one.

The third person has no choice. Either the bad one has already been picked - chance $\frac 13+\frac 13=\frac 23$, or it hasn't - chance $\frac 23 \cdot \frac 12=\frac 13$ - reality check, these probabilities add up to $1$.

So each person has a $\frac 13$ chance of being "it".

• This just shows the reality that I am back in school, all this math haha. This sounds pathetic that I can't argue with you in terms of actual math, but I still think that you would rather go first. If you went second the odds are that the first person did not pick the 'It' number now you have to only pick between 2 numbers and the bad one is probably still in there but now because you go second you have a worse chance picking between only two. like if you picked between 100, then the next person picked between 2 (it was reduced down for this explaining purposes) you would want to pick first. – Brandon Pickert Sep 8 '13 at 19:50
• @BrandonPickert If the first person picks between $100$ items, and the second between $2$ items, what happens to the $97$ items which are not picked by the first, and aren't available to the second? You do have to be very careful with these questions. You may have an intuition about the "right answer" at the moment, but clear thinking and accurate calculation will help to improve your intuitive grasp of these situations (if you let it). – Mark Bennet Sep 8 '13 at 19:56
• I guess from what your saying directly or indirectly, I'm forgetting to add the probability of the first person picking the bad one, to the favor of the second person getting to choose between two of the last ones, which adds up to again a favorable 2/3 chance of picking a good one. And the third person gets the chance of 2/3 that the other two picked the bad one too. Did I put your math into words? And thank you for being awesome and smart =). So basically I am wrong and my friends are right, winning them the bet and forcing me to go swing dancing? – Brandon Pickert Sep 8 '13 at 23:54
• I also did a tree diagram (I looked back at my Algebra 2 notes from last year). I now see this is what you did and they all have an equal chance of being 'it'. Thank you Conditional Probability for your existence, unless I am actually right and hundreds of mathmaticians are wrong, which is a possibility (but not a probability =) ) I guess I will have to go swing dancing which i find no enjoyment in. Now the new problem is that they think I will begin to like swing, but I have already done it twice and still am bored swinging girls around me. Worst part is they know my dislike :/ Thanks though! – Brandon Pickert Sep 9 '13 at 1:55
• From this answer one would conclude that all this "A picks a number first" stuff irrelevant -- one might as well have them draw cards numbered 1, 2 and 3 up front, flip them at the same time, and the one with the "#1" card will be "it". – CompuChip May 27 '16 at 17:32

The first person chooses from three numbers, he has a 1/3 probability of picking the 'in' number. If the number he picked is removed from the rat race, the other players are left with a 1/2 for picking the correct number. After the next number is taken, it is a 1/1 probability of picking it, assuming person two did not pick it.

• Yeah but this whole question is about how whether the probability changes if someone from one or two might pick it. "assuming person two did not pick it." – Brandon Pickert Sep 8 '13 at 19:39

The process has not been described in full detail. So we give one interpretation. One of the numbers $1,2,3$ is chosen at random by a referee, with all choices equally likely.

We have contestants A, B, and C, who make a guess as to what the hidden number is, in the order A then B then C. The rule is that B must not repeat A's guess, and $C$ must not repeat A's guess or B's guess. What is the probability A is the one to guess the hidden number? That is $\frac{1}{3}$. And the probability $B$ is the one who guesses the hidden number is also $\frac{1}{3}$.

• Thanks for making it easier to understand. But wouldn't you think that because person A probably didn't choose it, B and C would have a harder time. Giving the most advantage to A. – Brandon Pickert Sep 8 '13 at 19:44
• As you pointed out yourself, the probability that A doesn't get the number is about $66.66\%$, so the probability she gets the number is about $33.34\%$, or more exactly, $\frac{1}{3}$. That is exactly what my answer says. So you in fact agree with your friends. – André Nicolas Sep 8 '13 at 19:53


text:
Browse Questions

# The Electronic configuration of group 15 is

$(a)\;(ns)^2(np)^5 \\(b)\;(ns)(np)^6 \\ (c)\;(ns)(np)^2 \\ (d)\;(ns)^2(np)^3$

The Electronic configuration of Group 15 is $(ns)^2(np)^5$
Hence a is the correct answer.


text:
# Graphical solution

 Page 1 / 1

## Introduction

In grade 10, you learnt how to solve sets of simultaneous equations where both equations were linear (i.e. had the highest power equal to 1). In this chapter, you will learn how to solve sets of simultaneous equations where one is linear and one is quadratic. As in Grade 10, the solution will be found both algebraically and graphically.

The only difference between a system of linear simultaneous equations and a system of simultaneous equations with one linear and one quadratic equation, is that the second system will have at most two solutions.

An example of a system of simultaneous equations with one linear equation and one quadratic equation is:

$\begin{array}{c}\hfill y-2x=-4\\ \hfill {x}^{2}+y=4\end{array}$

## Graphical solution

The method of graphically finding the solution to one linear and one quadratic equation is identical to systems of linear simultaneous equations.

## Method: graphical solution to a system of simultaneous equations with one linear and one quadratic equation

1. Make $y$ the subject of each equation.
2. Draw the graphs of each equation as defined above.
3. The solution of the set of simultaneous equations is given by the intersection points of the two graphs.

For this example, making $y$ the subject of each equation, gives:

$\begin{array}{c}\hfill y=2x-4\\ \hfill y=4-{x}^{2}\end{array}$

Plotting the graph of each equation, gives a straight line for the first equation and a parabola for the second equation.

The parabola and the straight line intersect at two points: (2,0) and (-4,-12). Therefore, the solutions to the system of equations in [link] is $x=2,y=0$ and $x=-4,y=12$

Solve graphically:

$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill y-{x}^{2}+9& =& 0\hfill \\ \hfill y+3x-9& =& 0\hfill \end{array}$
1. For the first equation:

$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill y-{x}^{2}+9& =& 0\hfill \\ \hfill y& =& {x}^{2}-9\hfill \end{array}$

and for the second equation:

$\begin{array}{ccc}\hfill y+3x-9& =& 0\hfill \\ \hfill y& =& -3x+9\hfill \end{array}$
2. The graphs intersect at $\left(-6,27\right)$ and at $\left(3,0\right)$ .

3. The first solution is $x=-6$ and $y=27$ . The second solution is $x=3$ and $y=0$ .

## Graphical solution

Solve the following systems of equations graphically. Leave your answer in surd form, where appropriate.

1. ${b}^{2}-1-a=0,a+b-5=0$
2. $x+y-10=0,{x}^{2}-2-y=0$
3. $6-4x-y=0,12-2{x}^{2}-y=0$
4. $x+2y-14=0,{x}^{2}+2-y=0$
5. $2x+1-y=0,25-3x-{x}^{2}-y=0$

what is variations in raman spectra for nanomaterials
I only see partial conversation and what's the question here!
what about nanotechnology for water purification
please someone correct me if I'm wrong but I think one can use nanoparticles, specially silver nanoparticles for water treatment.
Damian
yes that's correct
Professor
I think
Professor
what is the stm
is there industrial application of fullrenes. What is the method to prepare fullrene on large scale.?
Rafiq
industrial application...? mmm I think on the medical side as drug carrier, but you should go deeper on your research, I may be wrong
Damian
How we are making nano material?
what is a peer
What is meant by 'nano scale'?
What is STMs full form?
LITNING
scanning tunneling microscope
Sahil
how nano science is used for hydrophobicity
Santosh
Do u think that Graphene and Fullrene fiber can be used to make Air Plane body structure the lightest and strongest. Rafiq
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what is differents between GO and RGO?
Mahi
what is simplest way to understand the applications of nano robots used to detect the cancer affected cell of human body.? How this robot is carried to required site of body cell.? what will be the carrier material and how can be detected that correct delivery of drug is done Rafiq
Rafiq
what is Nano technology ?
write examples of Nano molecule?
Bob
The nanotechnology is as new science, to scale nanometric
brayan
nanotechnology is the study, desing, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials and functional systems through control of matter at nanoscale
Damian
Is there any normative that regulates the use of silver nanoparticles?
what king of growth are you checking .?
Renato
What fields keep nano created devices from performing or assimulating ? Magnetic fields ? Are do they assimilate ?
why we need to study biomolecules, molecular biology in nanotechnology?
?
Kyle
yes I'm doing my masters in nanotechnology, we are being studying all these domains as well..
why?
what school?
Kyle
biomolecules are e building blocks of every organics and inorganic materials.
Joe
anyone know any internet site where one can find nanotechnology papers?
research.net
kanaga
sciencedirect big data base
Ernesto
Introduction about quantum dots in nanotechnology
what does nano mean?
nano basically means 10^(-9). nanometer is a unit to measure length.
Bharti
do you think it's worthwhile in the long term to study the effects and possibilities of nanotechnology on viral treatment?
absolutely yes
Daniel
how did you get the value of 2000N.What calculations are needed to arrive at it
Privacy Information Security Software Version 1.1a
Good
Other chapter Q/A we can ask


text:
# SdcaRegressionTrainer Class

## Definition

The IEstimator<TTransformer> for training a regression model using the stochastic dual coordinate ascent method.

public sealed class SdcaRegressionTrainer : Microsoft.ML.Trainers.SdcaTrainerBase<Microsoft.ML.Trainers.SdcaRegressionTrainer.Options,Microsoft.ML.Data.RegressionPredictionTransformer<Microsoft.ML.Trainers.LinearRegressionModelParameters>,Microsoft.ML.Trainers.LinearRegressionModelParameters>
type SdcaRegressionTrainer = class
inherit SdcaTrainerBase<SdcaRegressionTrainer.Options, RegressionPredictionTransformer<LinearRegressionModelParameters>, LinearRegressionModelParameters>
Public NotInheritable Class SdcaRegressionTrainer
Inherits SdcaTrainerBase(Of SdcaRegressionTrainer.Options, RegressionPredictionTransformer(Of LinearRegressionModelParameters), LinearRegressionModelParameters)
Inheritance

## Remarks

To create this trainer, use Sdca or Sdca(Options).

### Input and Output Columns

The input label column data must be Single. The input features column data must be a known-sized vector of Single.

This trainer outputs the following columns:

Output Column Name Column Type Description
Score Single The unbounded score that was predicted by the model.

### Trainer Characteristics

Is normalization required? Yes
Is caching required? No
Required NuGet in addition to Microsoft.ML None
Exportable to ONNX Yes

### Training Algorithm Details

This trainer is based on the Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent (SDCA) method, a state-of-the-art optimization technique for convex objective functions. The algorithm can be scaled because it's a streaming training algorithm as described in a KDD best paper.

Convergence is underwritten by periodically enforcing synchronization between primal and dual variables in a separate thread. Several choices of loss functions are also provided such as hinge-loss and logistic loss. Depending on the loss used, the trained model can be, for example, support vector machine or logistic regression. The SDCA method combines several of the best properties such the ability to do streaming learning (without fitting the entire data set into your memory), reaching a reasonable result with a few scans of the whole data set (for example, see experiments in this paper), and spending no computation on zeros in sparse data sets.

Note that SDCA is a stochastic and streaming optimization algorithm. The result depends on the order of training data because the stopping tolerance is not tight enough. In strongly-convex optimization, the optimal solution is unique and therefore everyone eventually reaches the same place. Even in non-strongly-convex cases, you will get equally-good solutions from run to run. For reproducible results, it is recommended that one sets 'Shuffle' to False and 'NumThreads' to 1.

This class uses empirical risk minimization (i.e., ERM) to formulate the optimization problem built upon collected data. Note that empirical risk is usually measured by applying a loss function on the model's predictions on collected data points. If the training data does not contain enough data points (for example, to train a linear model in $n$-dimensional space, we need at least $n$ data points), overfitting may happen so that the model produced by ERM is good at describing training data but may fail to predict correct results in unseen events. Regularization is a common technique to alleviate such a phenomenon by penalizing the magnitude (usually measured by the norm function) of model parameters. This trainer supports elastic net regularization, which penalizes a linear combination of L1-norm (LASSO), $|| \textbf{w}_c ||_1$, and L2-norm (ridge), $|| \textbf{w}_c ||_2^2$ regularizations for $c=1,\dots,m$. L1-norm and L2-norm regularizations have different effects and uses that are complementary in certain respects.

Together with the implemented optimization algorithm, L1-norm regularization can increase the sparsity of the model weights, $\textbf{w}_1,\dots,\textbf{w}_m$. For high-dimensional and sparse data sets, if users carefully select the coefficient of L1-norm, it is possible to achieve a good prediction quality with a model that has only a few non-zero weights (e.g., 1% of total model weights) without affecting its prediction power. In contrast, L2-norm cannot increase the sparsity of the trained model but can still prevent overfitting by avoiding large parameter values. Sometimes, using L2-norm leads to a better prediction quality, so users may still want to try it and fine tune the coefficients of L1-norm and L2-norm. Note that conceptually, using L1-norm implies that the distribution of all model parameters is a Laplace distribution while L2-norm implies a Gaussian distribution for them.

An aggressive regularization (that is, assigning large coefficients to L1-norm or L2-norm regularization terms) can harm predictive capacity by excluding important variables from the model. For example, a very large L1-norm coefficient may force all parameters to be zeros and lead to a trivial model. Therefore, choosing the right regularization coefficients is important in practice.

## Fields

 The feature column that the trainer expects. (Inherited from TrainerEstimatorBase) The label column that the trainer expects. Can be null, which indicates that label is not used for training. (Inherited from TrainerEstimatorBase) The weight column that the trainer expects. Can be null, which indicates that weight is not used for training. (Inherited from TrainerEstimatorBase)

## Properties

 (Inherited from StochasticTrainerBase)

## Methods

 Trains and returns a ITransformer. (Inherited from TrainerEstimatorBase) (Inherited from TrainerEstimatorBase)

## Extension Methods

 Append a 'caching checkpoint' to the estimator chain. This will ensure that the downstream estimators will be trained against cached data. It is helpful to have a caching checkpoint before trainers that take multiple data passes. Given an estimator, return a wrapping object that will call a delegate once Fit(IDataView) is called. It is often important for an estimator to return information about what was fit, which is why the Fit(IDataView) method returns a specifically typed object, rather than just a general ITransformer. However, at the same time, IEstimator are often formed into pipelines with many objects, so we may need to build a chain of estimators via EstimatorChain where the estimator for which we want to get the transformer is buried somewhere in this chain. For that scenario, we can through this method attach a delegate that will be called once fit is called.


text:
The hyetograph of a storm event of duration $140$ minutes is shown in the figure:

The infiltration capacity at the start of this event $(t=0)$ is $17 \: mm/hour$, which linearly decreases to $10 \: mm/hour$ after $40$ minutes duration. As the event progresses, the infiltration rate further drops down linearly to attain a value of $4 \: mm/ hour$ at $t=100$ minutes and remains constant thereafter till the end of the storm event. The value of the infiltration index, $\phi$ (in $mm/hour$ round off to $2$ decimal places), is _____________


text:
# Revision history [back]

Thanks for your report. The problem comes from the fact that you can not create quadratic field with very large D

sage: QuadraticField(4**1000+1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Cannot convert NaN or infinity to Pari float

I opened the ticket #23459 to track the issue.

Thanks for your report. The problem comes from the fact that you can not create quadratic field with very large D

sage: QuadraticField(4**1000+1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Cannot convert NaN or infinity to Pari float

I opened the ticket #23459 to track the issue.

EDIT: in the mean time you can use the following modification of value that I adapted from the .value() method of the continued fraction

def periodic_cf_value(cf):
from sage.rings.continued_fraction import last_two_convergents

if cf._x1 and cf._x1[0] < 0:
return -(-cf).value()

if cf._x2[0] is Infinity:
return cf._rational_()

# determine the equation for the purely periodic cont. frac. determined
# by self._x2
p0,q0,p1,q1 = last_two_convergents(cf._x2)

# now x is one of the root of the equation
#   q1 x^2 + (q0 - p1) x - p0 = 0
D = (q0-p1)**2 + 4*q1*p0
x = ((p1 - q0) + sqrt(D)) / (2*q1)

p0,q0,p1,q1 = last_two_convergents(cf._x1)
return (p1*x + p0) / (q1*x + q0)

With the above function you can do with your list l

sage: x = continued_fraction(l)
sage: v = periodic_cf_value(x)

However, the number obtained is a symbolic number not that easy to work with

sage: parent(v)
Symbolic Ring


text:
# The average of a bounded, decreasing-difference sequence

(not sure if "decreasing-difference" is the right way to put it - please edit away if you know the proper technical term)

From my analysis homework:

Does there exist a bounded sequence $\{x_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ such that $x_{n+1}-x_n \to 0$, but the sequence $(\sum_{i=1}^n x_i)/n$ does not have a limit? Give an example or show none exist.

In a previous part, I showed that there exists a bounded sequence $\{x_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ such that $\left| x_{n+1}-x_n \right| \to 0$, yet $x_n$ does not converge, using a rearrangement of the alternating harmonic series.

Intuitively, I believe none exist. I've tried showing that the sequence is Cauchy, but that does not seem to help:

$$\left| \frac{ \sum_{i=1}^m x_i}{m} - \frac{ \sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n} \right| = \left| \frac{ (n-m) \sum_{i=1}^m x_i - m \sum_{i=m+1}^n x_i}{mn} \right|$$

I feel like I can't use my normal series tools because I am looking at an average, and the series does not necessarily converge.

-
I think you're confusing the question. You've taken $x_n =\frac{1}{n}$. It satisfies the first condition and the sum also diverges. So there is your example. Why would you want to prove that none exists? – Please Delete Account Mar 13 '11 at 22:21
But if I take $x_n = \frac{1}{n}$, then $(\sum_{i=1}^n x_i)/n = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{(i)(n)} \leq \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i^2}$, which converges. Am I missing something here? – Michael Chen Mar 13 '11 at 23:32
I think this is equivalent to finding a sequence $\{x_n \}$ such that $\frac{\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i \right)}{n} \to L$ but $x_{n+1}-x_n \not \to 0$. – PEV Mar 14 '11 at 1:11

Edit 2: for your actual question, the answer is yes, you can find counterexamples. Consider the sequence $(1/n)$, and build your sequence as follows.

Start at $x_1 = 1$, and let $\alpha_1$ be a running counter which we start at 2. We then alternate between a decreasing phase and an increasing phase.

Decreasing phase: let $x_i = x_{i-1} - 1/\alpha_{i}$ if $x_{i-1} > 1/\alpha_i$. And increase $\alpha_{i+1} = \alpha_i + 1$. If $x_{i-1} < 1/\alpha_i$, set

$$x_i = x_{i+1} = \cdots = x_{100i} = x_{i-1}\qquad \qquad \alpha_{100i + 1} = \alpha_{i}$$

and then enter the increasing phase starting from the $100i+1$'th term.

Increasing phase: let $x_i = x_{i-1} + 1/\alpha_i$ if $x_{i-1} + 1/\alpha_i < 1$. And increase $\alpha_{i+1} = \alpha_{i} + 1$. Else set

$$x_i = x_{i+1} = \cdots = x_{100i} = x_{i-1} \qquad \qquad \alpha_{100i + 1} = \alpha_{i}$$

and enter the decreasing phase starting from the $100i+1$'th term.

Due to the long constant phases, you see that $\limsup_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sum_1^n x_i = 1$, and the $\liminf = 0$. (The length of the constant phases grow exponentially, so that each constant phase completely dominates all previous terms in the average.)

The sequence looks like this:

1, 1/2, 1/6, {300 terms of 1/6}, 5/12, 37/60, 47/60, 389/420, {repeat 30700 times}, 673/840 ...

As a side note, the limit $\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac1n \sum_1^n x_i$ is known as the Cesàro mean of the sequence $x_i$. It is a fact that for any converging sequence $x_i\to \bar{x}$, the sequence $c_n = \frac{1}{n} \sum_1^n x_i$ also converges to $\bar{x}$.

To do this, let $\delta > 0$. It suffices to find $N$ large enough that for all $m > N$, $|c_m - \bar{x}| < \delta$. Because $x_i\to \bar{x}$, we can find $I$ large such that for all $j > I$, $|x_i - \bar{x}| < \delta / 3$. Now choose $N > I$ large enough such that

$$\sum_1^I x_i < \frac{\delta}{3}N \qquad \textrm{and} \qquad \frac{I}{N} < \frac{\delta}{3|\bar{x}|}$$

Then we have for all $m > N$:

$$m c_m = \sum_1^I x_i + \sum_{I+1}^m x_i$$

$$|c_m - \bar{x}| \leq | \frac{1}{m} \sum_1^I x_i | + | \frac{1}{m} \sum_{I+1}^m x_i - \bar{x} |$$

The first term on the right hand side is bounded by $\delta/3$. The second term we estimate

$$|\frac{1}m \sum_{I+1}^m x_i - \bar{x}| \leq |\frac{1}{m} \sum_{I+1}^m (x_i - \bar{x})| + |\frac{I}{m} \bar{x}|$$

and by construction both of the terms on the RHS are bounded by $\delta / 3$. So we have the desired inequality.

-
Basically, the idea is to take the bounded sequence with decreasing differences that is not converging, and force it to stay at the same place for longer and longer periods of time whenever it gets close to, or exceeds, the $\limsup$ and $\liminf$. This way you force the average of the function to also have roughly the same $\limsup$ and $\liminf$, and so you get non-convergence. – Willie Wong Mar 14 '11 at 2:10
Aha, that does it! Thanks! – Michael Chen Mar 17 '11 at 14:18


text:
# mathr

## hp2pretty-0.9 released

hp2pretty is a tool I wrote to graph Haskell heap profiling output, to help see where your program is using memory.

Install with cabal update && cabal install hp2pretty, run with hp2pretty --help (assuming cabal installed it somewhere in your PATH - otherwise try ~/.cabal/bin).

Inspired by an emailed bug report (with patch, my favourite kind, although I didn't apply it in this case due to some weird issues in Firefox) about the key being truncated when the +RTS -L option is used for long cost center names, I worked on making the key and title output more flexible. The workflow to generate a report with a detached key is via a simple text file, listing the SVG for the key label box, and the corresponding SCC name. This format is easy to parse with bash (for example), and I wrote scripts to output LaTeX for PDF and also simple HTML5. A Makefile build system glues it together. See the examples/ subfolder of cabal unpack hp2pretty.

The LaTeX output is made easier by the svg package, which handles the calls to inkscape to convert files automatically. I learnt about it and found a complete example on TeX stackexchange.

You can download the example output report.pdf or browse the example output report.html.


text:
# A question about Lagrange multiplier in optimization

I read @amoeba 's answer in this post, PCA optimization problem is

$$\underset{\mathbf w}{\text{maximize}}~~ \mathbf w^\top \mathbf{Cw} \\ \text{s.t.}~~~~~~ \|\mathbf w\|_2=1$$

where $\mathbf C$ is the co-variance matrix. $\mathbf w$ is first principal direction. As mentioned in the post, using the Lagrange multiplier, we can change the problem into a minimization problem.

$$\underset{\mathbf w}{\text{minimize}} ~~(\underset{\lambda}{\text{maximize}}~~ \mathbf w^\top \mathbf{Cw}-\lambda(\mathbf w^\top \mathbf w-1))$$ Differentiating, we obtain $\mathbf{Cw}-\lambda\mathbf w=0$, which is the eigenvector equation. The end.

I think I need more examples to understand the Lagrange multiplier. Specifically, I was trying to practice it in a ridge regression problem but got stuck. The original problem is

$$\underset{\mathbf w}{\text{minimize}}~~ \|\mathbf {Xw}-\mathbf y\|_2^2\\ \text{s.t.}~~~~ \|\mathbf w\|_2=c$$

($\mathbf X$ is the data matrix) But Using Lagrange multiplier are we transform it into following equation?

$$\underset{\mathbf w}{\text{minimize}}~~ \underset{\lambda}{\text{maximize}} ~~\|\mathbf {Xw}-\mathbf y\|_2^2 + \lambda \mathbf w^\top \mathbf w$$

PS1. I know my math may be wrong in the problem description, please feel free to correct me in my question.

PS2. Thanks Nick Alger, I made the revisions on my equations.

Thank you.

• One view of Lagrange multipliers is that they allow you to replace constraints with penalty terms in the objective function. If you can find just the right value for the Lagrange multiplier, then any minimizer for the original problem is also a minimizer of the Lagrangian. (This is one of the KKT conditions.) Jun 18 '16 at 23:51

By introducing the Lagrange multiplier, you are converting if from a minimization problem to a saddle-point problem. One seeks: $$\min_w \max_\lambda w^T C w + \lambda(w^Tw - 1).$$ The following is not correct: $$\min_w \min_\lambda w^T C w + \lambda(w^Tw - 1)$$
• Thank you. I found the problem with min over both $w$ and $\lambda$. However, how can I do some numerical examples with it (if there are both min and max)? Sorry for the ugly code here. I do not know how to format it in comment. (Currently I am doing this experiment in R: obj_fun<-function(x){ w=as.matrix(c(x[1],x[2]),ncol=1) lambda=x[3] return(t(w) %*% C %*% w - lambda *(t(w) %*% w -1)) } optim(c(0.1,0.1,0.1),obj_fun) Jun 18 '16 at 23:56


text:
# Odd And Even Numbers - 2

Logic Level 2

Given that $$a$$, $$b$$, $$c$$, and $$d$$ are 4 positive integers.

• $$ab =$$ odd
• $$ab + cd =$$ odd

How many odd numbers are possible at most?

Also See : Odd And Even Numbers - 1 and Odd And Even Numbers - 3

For more of these see my set Self Created Stuff and $${\color{blue}Logical} \space {\color{green}Reasoning}$$

×


text:
# Tag Info

0

A very easy way is to attach it to a reducing gear, a gear with more teeth. You would choose the radius of the reducing gear like this. If your output is usually 10% above desired speed, we choose $$R_{final}=\frac{R_{initial}}{0.93}$$ Note we did not choose 0.90 because we want to hover near average desired output speed. By just choosing 0.93 we get close ...

2

There are multiple things going on here. Your question indicates you have a variable input speed but want a constant output speed. The answer to this on its own would be a continuously variable transmission with a controller that sets the ratio according to the output speed. Any version that has a controllable ratio could be hooked to a simple pid ...

3

To my understanding the Hartnell governor is a variation that might be applicable to your needs. Figure : HArtnell Governor source mechoholic Essentially it moves the sleeve against a compression spring (instead of gravity), so - at least in theory - you could turn it upside down.

0

Not sure if this exists off the shelf, but what if you installed in line with the spinning gear a device with two weights held in place by springs, which would move outward if the centrifugal force became too high? I believe they also have devices that will declutch the engine if a speed is exceeded, but not sure that is a desired behavior. (https://i.stack....

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