text: How to write a book: Ms Word vs. Also, add a backslash after \thepage to ensure adequate space between the page number and 'of'. Here is a short paper and the slides that are based on it. deplate is a ruby-based tool that converts wiki-like markup to LaTeX, HTML, DocBook, or really plain text. This is a longer explanation, which may include math with latex syntax. A little planning (e. Many types are available. Please see the Extended Abstracts Format (below) for other submission types. This template was originally published on ShareLaTeX and subsequently moved to Overleaf in November 2019. ind subject index demo from the Springer book package llncs. Quickly and precisely select content to move, resize or copy it. Some customizations and changes you can make: Change the theme. cls , is implemented with the LuaTeX engine and overlays the book page with visual rulers and guides to help you achieve the layout you are working towards. This template should be used for all IEEE Transactions journals that publish brief, short, or communications articles except for those that use the Alternate template below. Description. Microsoft Excel is a wonderful spreadsheet tool offered by Microsoft in their MS Office suit of applications. Case studies are also crucial to your sales process. - report-template. Posted on February 10, 2016 by steve in R Markdown The frontmatter to an R Markdown document. Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science. } #+END_LaTeX. Cornell Notes PowerPoint Template. Improved Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) template - latextemplates/LNCS. Embed formulas in your text by surrounding them with dollar signs \$ The equation environment is used to typeset one formula. Each student has to scribe notes for a single lecture. Ulrik Lyngs 612 views. If you use the LaTeX template you can compile your thesis on different machines in the department and ITS. During this time, authors may submit using the new template or the previous, legacy templates, both of which are provided below. With the advice and inspiration of some friends, we redesigned the new ElegantNote template based on the Standard LaTeX article class! The new template has the following features:. Whether you are a training or human resource professional, or if you are a manager responsible for employee development activities, you can benefit from training manual templates in several ways. It is particularly useful for rendering equations. Merchandising & Inventory Tags. When you create a new R Markdown document from the RStudio menu File -> New File -> R Markdown, you will see a default example document (a template) in the RStudio editor. Often, the less 'filler' in an academic proposal, the better, as this means it is clear to your readers that your work is content-oriented. Open as Template View Source Download PDF. Find journal impact factor, acceptance rate and muchmore for 40,000+ journals on Typeset. In PowerPoint, let's click on Notes on the bottom of the app to open up the Notes Panel. It focuses on the use of the apacite package. Download our free case study study template here. LaTeX is free, open source and works on any platform. , a thesis). Lecture Notes Template. Each note should begin with a field containing a unique ID. TidyForm provides a large number of free and hand-picked templates of Evaluation Form, which can be used for small, medium and large-sized enterprises. Custom Printed Cards. memoria, memory — memor, mindful. Search From Over 400+ Form Templates. If you wanted to get really fancy, you could copy the worksheet into the sales invoice workbook and link up the cells so that when you create a new invoice, most of the info is updated automatically. Custom Printed Cards. Muhammad Gaffar. MediaWiki to LaTeX converts Wiki pages to LaTeX and PDF. ~\onlinecite{latex, website}. With LATEX, you can be sure you've t the template, and switch templates easily. The table environment part contains the caption and defines the float for our table, i. The file revtex. Gift & Craft Tags. Planners and Trackers. This template is perfect for making simple notes with a bit of style. Without the right reporting tools, projects can. Scott Hootman-Ng. The PNAS Brief Report template can be accessed here: PNAS Brief Report template. elsarticle. This command forces LaTeX to give an equation the full height it needs to display as if it were on its own line. 5 inches wide on 12pt documents, 1. However, I couldn't find a package that. Browse by Grade Level. The following Word templates should be used till the revision stage. For more information, visit our blog and find us on social networks:. See credits at the end of this book whom contributed to the various chapters. TeX is a text processing system and not a WYSIWYG text editor. On twosided documents the margin notes appear on the left and right alternatively. Instant formatting template for Lecture Notes in Computer Science guidelines. nLaTeX, ntextbackslash, n% Note: % is a special character reserved for comments (after a %, the rest of a line is ignored by the compiler). In fact, you can create custom document templates by yourself, which can be useful if you need to create a particular type of document frequently or want to customize the appearance of the final. Any requests or features do let me know. adding a note, compiling all my notes, compiling the last two lectures, searching in notes, etc. Share your notes on nebo. looking over the syllabus, thumbing through the book, etc. tex file purely for content. Share your notes on nebo. docx) Introduction for thesis (. Its purpose is to create familiarity with current thinking and research on. Star 2 Fork 1 Code. LaTeX (/ ˈ l ɑː t ɛ x / LAH-tekh or / ˈ l eɪ t ɛ x / LAY-tekh) is a document preparation system. Any requests or features do let me know. Graphing Reflections. The dissertation template doc then has some notes on presentation, spelling, grammar and writing style. Looking for a new role, but not sure your current CV is up to the job? If you’re starting from scratch, writing a great CV can seem like a significant and time-consuming task. The tools for book authors include:. In the Release Notes you can read about all new features, functions and languages. Templates for Cards. Contributions from Sarah Mount, May 2014. How to write a book: Ms Word vs. Professional PPT free slides are. Description: A LaTeX document class built for lecture notes for classes/seminars, entire courses or brief talks. When exporting references data from Mendeley desktop, the Notes field is stored in the annote entry in the generated BibTeX file. cls; LaTeX notes template: tsnotes. Using basic slides and foils; More advanced options to create a PDF file with many powerpoint like features and effects: Prosper; Beamer - (example PDF file); TeXpower - texpower can be added to any of the above for further effects. Muhammad Gaffar. The revtex template file. Note: All the other Office applications support only UnicodeMath linear format. Depending on your preferred input format, you can create equations in Word in either one of UnicodeMath or LaTeX formats by selecting the format from the Equations tab. Word/LaTex templates. Cornell Notes is an effective way to study and prepare for college lessons. Below you will find Springer's guidelines and technical instructions for the preparation of contributions to be published in one of the following series or subseries: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI), Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), LNCS Transactions, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP), Communications in. With a little practice and some trial and error, you should be able to master the basics of design in just a few minutes. You can also add pictures, links and customizable templates, spell check your notes, and export to plain text, HTML, Latex or PDF. Literature Review Template Definition: A literature review is an objective, critical summary of published research literature relevant to a topic under consideration for research. Any requests or features do let me know. LaTeX templates. One of LaTeX's document classes is slides. ind subject index demo from the Springer book package llncs. With Notion, all your work is in one place. In fact, you can create custom document templates by yourself, which can be useful if you need to create a particular type of document frequently or want to customize the appearance of the final. This LaTeX Notes for Professionals book is compiled from Stack Overﬂow Documentation, the content is written by the beautiful people at Stack Overﬂow. Here I share some LaTeX classes and templates I use in case they are of use to others. Lecture Notes Template. He was an education professor at Cornell University. Download the LaTex for Physicists Header. If you're faced with time limitations, budget constraints or simply need new creative ideas, get the jump start you need with StockLayouts graphic design templates. This includes both in-text citations and the end of document references list. From there, I just built a custom style-sheet that matches the visual of how I take notes by hand. Um editor de LaTeX online fácil de usar. Muhammad Gaffar. LaTeX Style Package 2. Students who have learned and practiced Cornell Notes as a strategy have increased their engagement and comprehension of concepts in the text. ednotes Typeset scholarly edition. Follow the link below if you’d like to use the same free font in your design. If you don't know how to use LaTeX, you can search the Knowledge Base for more documents about it. It means that you will be able to write LaTeX text as in your favourite LaTeX editor. LaTeX notes class file: tsnotes. beamer class example 9 Creating a handout Provided in the first example assistance of the document classes option handout the Handout. They are compatible with most machines on the market. The command you need is: \footnote{text}. Conference program template can be downloaded here for free to develop a conference program either for a business or academic conference shortly. (Note: this product contains Natural Rubber Latex. Lecture Notes Template. It is particularly useful for rendering equations. Structured(Abstracts(Evidence1Based(SoftwareEngineering(( www. I am still working on improving the commands and environments. This is amazing, easily add todo notes to your Latex file while you are still working on it. This type of skill is referred to as note making as opposed to note taking. Research Notes are free to read and currently carry no author publication charges. Do note that it isn’t something automated, you will have to first learn LaTeX commands to let the editor handle the text formatting with precision. 4 indicates that each measure has four quarter notes. memoria, memory — memor, mindful. For line comment just insert a triple forward slash. Download these Free Cornell Notes Templates, Examples and Printable PDF Sheets to assist you in taking notes in classroom or at office meeting. Notes Templates. Below you will find Springer's guidelines and technical instructions for the preparation of contributions to be published in one of the following series or subseries: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI), Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), LNCS Transactions , Lecture Notes in Business. Follow the link below if you’d like to use the same free font in your design. I started by taking notes by hand, and then re-writing them. I think I created a pretty nice template and wanted to share it with everyone. The blank templates have the page size and margins set. Choose from an array of presentations related to pollution, radiation, and toxic substances. I guess I'm not the first person looking for this kind of template, so please post any links if you know good templates. See below for what these will look like in your references section. beamer class example 9 Creating a handout Provided in the first example assistance of the document classes option handout the Handout. Lecture Notes Template. To create a fraction using these different formats with. However, I did use your template a long time ago but altered it for my own campaign notes. Instructors: (due 4/7); latex template Note that you should not view the availability of lecture notes as a. Open the template and save it in a folder on your PC. Any requests or features do let me know. PowerPoint notes panel. Your Masters Thesis defense presentation with a 50% off for students We are offering a 50% discount for all students with a verified. The Employee of the Month voting template can be useful for team leaders/managers to provide. The Anki note template provided with the example deck accepts at most 8 further fields (4 prompts and 4 answers). This is a small package designed to work with the elsarticle document class. Each note should begin with a field containing a unique ID. You write text and mathematics in your document without having to know a programming language or exit to an equation editor. vimrc file are now only described in the vim-latex manual. ; The LaTeX source for an entire book (i. dvi the resultig DVI le (remember to use binary transfer!). Choose from our gallery of free, professionally written and designed business proposal templates to kick-start your sales process. We attempt to provide a comprehensive set of tools to view, edit and compile LaTeX documents without needing to ever quit Vim. This spreadsheet is a simple and easy (and free) tool for printing packing slips. He was an education professor at Cornell University. Lecture Notes Template. I am still working on improving the commands and environments. There is a paragraph style for each. With specific instructions and formatting based on the APA 6th edition guidelines, this APA template will help save time and prevent mistakes. Mind Mapping Templates. Note: % is a special character reserved for comments (after a %,. Any requests or features do let me know. beamer class example 9 Creating a handout Provided in the first example assistance of the document classes option handout the Handout. Lecture notes should be written in Latex using the cse599s12sp. I did for years, and while it was a bit tough at first, I got really good at it. Besides learning a new language to describe research and how to write in a 'scientific' rather than a 'literary' style, they also are expected to master a very rigid style of formatting the manuscript. Author Guide Info. This spreadsheet is a simple and easy (and free) tool for printing packing slips. cls , is implemented with the LuaTeX engine and overlays the book page with visual rulers and guides to help you achieve the layout you are working towards. Having a variety of case studies based on various categories such as industry, location, company size, or type of business can help your sales team convert leads into customers and upsell existing customers. Texmaker is a free, modern and cross-platform LaTeX editor for linux, macosx and windows systems that integrates many tools needed to develop documents with LaTeX, in just one application. The document will not have an extra titlepage, even if it has a title, author and date on the first page. Blazing fast real-time collaboration breaks the space between members. Let's examine the contents of a simple LaTeX file which has been used as a first example in this tutorial. If you're faced with time limitations, budget constraints or simply need new creative ideas, get the jump start you need with StockLayouts graphic design templates. Original: PDF 2010 - latex. The writer uses markup tagging conventions to define the general structure of a document (such as article. tex} to the first line of your document as in this template. This has however the disadvantage that the frame size and DIN A 4 format do not agree, i. It allows you to make clean, well formatted PDFs, perfect for submission to academic journals or for reports. In case, you want to teach your students about the Cornell Notes structure through a PPT presentation, a Cornell notes PowerPoint template sample would be handy for you with its readymade structure that can be customized easily. Change the invoice format via the button below and fill your and your client basic information. Footnotes are a very useful way of providing extra information to the reader. The PNAS Brief Report template can be accessed here: PNAS Brief Report template. They consist of plain text interspersed with some LaTeX commands. Yes LaTex is a better choice because it features with a reliable program for typesetting, footnotes, bibliographic, images, captions, tables, cross-references. Graduate advising is primarily handled within academic departments. Detexify 2 - LaTeX symbol classifier Draw the symbol you want and it will give you guesses as to the LaTeX definition! Note: The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List is the official list but you have to download > 4 MBytes! LaTeX Tutorials. \end {document}. Grid page (PDF) Lined page (PDF) Blank page (PDF) Engineering Notebook Training (PowerPoint 10/11/14 - Jamie Marie Pangilinan. Pandoc ships with a default PowerPoint template that contains a blank presentation in the standard (4:3) size. Kafka Lecture Notes. The way you organise them will be unique to you, which is why we’ve listed ours in alphabetical order. When we multiply the parent function $f\left(x\right)={b}^{x}$ by –1, we get a reflection about the x-axis. This LaTeX Notes for Professionals book is compiled from Stack Overﬂow Documentation, the content is written by the beautiful people at Stack Overﬂow. This short note explains that the Discrete Hartley Transform is an involution, which implies that this transform is unitary indeed. I am still working on improving the commands and environments. A dedicated LaTeX class. Limit access to a list of contacts or allow anyone to view your note. Context Data Flow Diagram Template. Granular note permission settings and private image storage give you full control over how and with whom you share. The LaTeX for Physicists Header has the following. Description: A LaTeX document class built for lecture notes for classes/seminars, entire courses or brief talks. This has however the disadvantage that the frame size and DIN A 4 format do not agree, i. Data Flow Diagram. There is no universal formula for a project charter. Copy it later to any page or other apps. And even if you’ve had previous experience of writing CVs, you might still be making the mistake of using the same one for every job. a document template at the beginning. The subject line of all emails should begin with "[10-725]". The font used in this template is not included in the download file. I am still working on improving the commands and environments. Please use this LaTeX template file and style file. First, you should run latex (to create a foo. Detexify 2 - LaTeX symbol classifier Draw the symbol you want and it will give you guesses as to the LaTeX definition! Note: The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List is the official list but you have to download > 4 MBytes! LaTeX Tutorials. It was one of the early adopters of TEX for its typese‰ing. Any requests or features do let me know. Document history. Looking for a new role, but not sure your current CV is up to the job? If you’re starting from scratch, writing a great CV can seem like a significant and time-consuming task. This is a longer explanation, which may include math with latex syntax. Annual Report Templates & Examples. Whether you're designing a product catalog, informational booklet or presentation materials, Lucidpress has custom booklet templates that will have you developing professional, attractive booklets in just a few keystrokes. These free wedding program templates are downloaded into Microsoft Word or another word processing program and then customized with your names and details. This is one reason why a well tested template is very helpful. The subject line of all emails should begin with "[10-725]". tex} to the first line of your document as in this template. They consist of plain text interspersed with some LaTeX commands. Kafka Lecture Notes. OCW is a free and open publication of material from thousands of MIT courses, covering the entire MIT curriculum. Cribr is a powerful Word processor that can be used for many purposes. RedNotebook is Free Software under the GPL. Also how to do paragraph formatting in latex, ow to put line spacing in latex and how to put margin notes in a latex document. As templates are packaged in easy-to-use bundles, sharing and installing templates from others is a breeze. LaTeX Class and Template for Quiz, Exam and Thesis at SIIT. This is a small package designed to work with the elsarticle document class. Creative Commons CC BY 4. SEAL E F EPOXY SEAL EPOXY SEAL AND SPLASHPROOF RTV LATEX RUBBER SEAL NOTE: RTV latex rubber seal peels off easily after installation. The writer uses markup tagging conventions to define the general structure of a document (such as article. Any requests or features do let me know. It is a linear method of taking notes that proceeds down the page, using indentation or bullets to denote major and minor points. pandoc [options] [input-file]…. vimrc The recommended settings for vim-latex in your. docx (updated: 01. for instance a 13cm on 10cm has a frame in Beamer as format. Introduction to C++ – Lecture Notes. 5 lines spacing, 10. Opening a template with iA Writer for iOS installs it as soon as you tap on it. The rest of the file simply sets all the portions of the theme to the new lucid theme and then returns the file to. Include \usepackage{microtype} and get more sophisticated typesetting for free. reStructuredText is an easy-to-read, what-you-see-is-what-you-get plaintext markup syntax and parser system. LaTeX Templates for Optimization Models « OR Complete | Collective Operations Research Blog says: October 22, 2013 at 7:55 am […] is a template I found at JC Notes. Creative Magazine Templates Explore more than 2,400 magazine templates to create lookbooks, catalogs, and newspapers. Download our free case study study template here. Transactions LaTeX style file (ZIP, 1. You can get the pdf of the overheads source slides. Don't try to fit two sources (quotes and notes) on. Use this template for writing papers for Art classes. These presentation template sets include infographic elements, typography schemes, and unique business layouts. 29 April 2014: The Apache OpenOffice project announces the official release of version 4. For more information, visit our blog and find us on social networks:. 2019: better structure for circles on front page. tex A LaTeX template that I use for writing notes and reports. , memory Settings->Language to None. Nithish B Moudhgalya. “Best engineer resume template (uses LaTeX)” is published by The Breakout List in Breakout List. This system was invented by him for taking notes in an organized manner. Using the Expert template policies. Text content is released under Creative Commons BY-SA, see credits at the end. Example: The ♯ shows up even before the transition to the second subject group. Doxygen comment blocks are easy to create. For LaTeX authors of camera-ready articles, we provide the ecrc. LaTeX is very unforgiving of errors. The rest of the file simply sets all the portions of the theme to the new lucid theme and then returns the file to. Latex notes. Posted on February 10, 2016 by steve in R Markdown The frontmatter to an R Markdown document. General notes/homework template with several command shortcuts. Open as Template View Source Download PDF. In the main body of your paper, you should cite references by using ncitefkeyg where key is the name you gave the bibliography entry. It is assumed that the reader has at least a basic working knowledge of LATEX. sh to generate the PDF. Here I share some LaTeX classes and templates I use in case they are of use to others. LaTeX course: Course notes. Just put it in you LaTeX tree (or in the directory of your document), with the sty file, and write a document with the following structure. 202544536-dc20 CIP Printed on acid-free paper °c Birkh. Your LaTeX document can be easily modified to make a poster or a screen presentation similar to (and better than) PowerPoint. 19) Note: if you use the LaTeX template, to add a teaser image, please use \teaser{ … } instead of \begin{teaserfigure} … \end{teaserfigure}, and make sure it is placed before \maketitle. A Quick Trick for Outlining your Book. TeX - LaTeX - Stack Exchange. , a thesis). It is particularly useful for rendering equations. Converters to and from other formats may have own FAQ lists - e. Kafka Lecture Notes. Loan Acceleration. The template can be downloaded on my PHD project website (scroll to the bottom of the page, I couldn't upload a ZIP file here). Lecture notes should be written in Latex using the cse599s12sp. JotForm's online recommendation form templates are free to use, and simple to edit. Points to note: \today is a command that inserts today's date. Hey there! I'm a bit confused which parts could list you as an author since the template was created not too long ago with my Scrivener template as source material - which in turn uses the D&D Beyond "Basic Rules" database. For more details see the features. Version of 2004: the PDF file (due to a tragic hard drive failure the Latex files are no longer available. Output: Lilypond example - output was a PDF Further Reading. Feb 17, 2020 in Business, Conference, Academia, Memo, Notes, Science, Writer. For example, you can just number your notes consecutively as you type them, or use a UUID generator. He was an education professor at Cornell University. I think I created a pretty nice template and wanted to share it with everyone. Posted on February 10, 2016 by steve in R Markdown The frontmatter to an R Markdown document. Alex Forgue. Trusted by over 200,000 academia worldwide, Overleaf is a great LaTeX editing tool with all the features that make your document creations easy. LaTeX Template for Lecture or Class Notes A friend of mine asked me to create a LaTeX template for lecture notes. Nithish B Moudhgalya. Cornell Notes is an effective way to study and prepare for college lessons. Data Flow Diagram Examples and Templates Begin diagramming today with any of our data flow diagram templates. LaTeX (/ ˈ l ɑː t ɛ x / LAH-tekh or / ˈ l eɪ t ɛ x / LAY-tekh) is a document preparation system. Latex is a stable dispersion of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium. MediaWiki to LaTeX converts Wiki pages to LaTeX and PDF. ; The LaTeX help sections (which include more homework and report templates) at the course web pages for ECE209, ECE327, ECE481, and ECE557. For simplification, you can save this as compile. sty style file and compiled into pdf using pdflatex. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security is a peer-reviewed journal published under the brand Open Access and Academia. Originally this was the documentation of the fancyheadings package. This is a simple latex template for taking notes. This template can be useful when creating lecture notes. This has however the disadvantage that the frame size and DIN A 4 format do not agree, i. This document is an unofficial reference manual for LATEX, a document preparation system, version of October 2018. outlines - Produce "outline" lists. Writing LaTeX Code Basic Formatting 3 LATEX and You The Files Math Mode Figures and Tables 4 Beamer 5 LATEX Extended templates. Lecture Notes Template. Please refer to your journal's manuscript submission guidelines to confirm which reference style it conforms to and for other specific requirements. Download Word. Adjust them for your specific needs and start advertising. What is this stuff? TeX is a typesetting system that was written by Donald E. 3+ and template package), MS/Word, or prepared and submitted through the Overleaf online collaborative editor. Turn your tribal knowledge into easy-to-find answers. Lesson Template Creator. The PNAS Brief Report template can be accessed here: PNAS Brief Report template. The writer uses markup tagging conventions to define the general structure of a document (such as article. Overleaf comes with over hundreds of templates ranging from Lab report and Thesis to Resume/CV and formal letters. This could lead to extra wide tables or to a bad looking if the width differs between the rows. Use this template for writing papers for Art classes. It can be done so easily using the algorithm or algorithm2e package in article documentclass. The links are in the lower left part of the page, under the “Resources” heading.   However, the Library has worked with previous SFU graduate students to provide a template and LaTeX class that sets your thesis according to SFU's Requirements & format  before submission. Clear theorem style and useful equations and tikz example. The style files and example paper are pre-loaded into writeLaTeX as a. More information can be found in Refs. If you want to change the size or design of a PowerPoint presentation, you should use a custom template. ) will go a long way. A la carte resources. The notes and guide that form most of the words in this template are more important than the sentences to fill in. Template for Taking Notes on Research Articles: Easy access for later use Whenever you read an article, pertinent book chapter, or research on the web, use the following format (or something similar—LaTex or Endnote, for example) to make an electronic record of your notes for later easy access. Feb 17, 2020 in Business, Calendar, Timeline, Timesheet, To Do List. I think the notes should contain a link to your issue tracker, so people can see and search for open issues (or in the non-technical case, dig deeper into closed issues), but I don't think listing open issues in your release notes is necessary, because you might always find more issues after release, and you don't want to get into a cycle of. e how to change page margings and sizes, headers and footers, and the proper placement of ﬁgures and tables (collectively called ﬂoats) on the page. Muhammad Gaffar. 3 is now the official version of the program. Academic related PPT backgrounds are available for download on the latest and previous versions of Microsoft PowerPoint and OpenOffice Impress. Journal of Computer Science welcomes articles that highlight advances in the use of computer science methods and technologies for solving tasks in. cls , is implemented with the LuaTeX engine and overlays the book page with visual rulers and guides to help you achieve the layout you are working towards. This spreadsheet is a simple and easy (and free) tool for printing packing slips. bst modification). Papers and Reports. O'Reilly Media Word Template Quickstart Guide. Using framed boxes in Beamer A When making lecture slides with LTEX and Beamer package, you can emphasize important things (theorems, facts, common mistakes etc. Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science. Using basic slides and foils; More advanced options to create a PDF file with many powerpoint like features and effects: Prosper; Beamer - (example PDF file); TeXpower - texpower can be added to any of the above for further effects. We will get the normal bibliography style (number or text instead of icon) by including the following code in the preamble of the document. In day to day life, there is a need to either take some notes, write a list of things or for students, undertake examinations and tests. sh and now you only have to enter. 20 (10 March 2018). DESTEP ANALYSIS. 0 United States. The pre-translation version was written by George D. ) by using block, exampleblock and alertblock environments, as demonstrated on the next slide. Context Data Flow Diagram Template. Free Invoice Template with Banking Details. Writing LaTeX Code Special Characters Another type of command Don’t de ne any formatting or structure Print non-standard characters or characters which usually mean something else Ex. Law Firm Templates and Themes. Download the docx version or the pdf version. Providing flexibility through innovative new features. This feature was introduced in PGF/TikZ >= 1. USE THIS NEWSLETTER TEMPLATE. Live Demo Free Download. Below you will find Springer's guidelines and technical instructions for the preparation of contributions to be published in one of the following series or subseries: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI), Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), LNCS Transactions, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP), Communications in. This is a simple latex template for taking notes. The Employee of the Month voting template can be useful for team leaders/managers to provide. Elsevier's previous document class for typeset articles, elsart. If TeXstudio doesn't fit your need, check the list of all available LaTeX Editors. These templates make writing a letter to the editor quick and easy. LaTeX Templates for Optimization Models « OR Complete | Collective Operations Research Blog says: October 22, 2013 at 7:55 am […] is a template I found at JC Notes. LaTeX is available as free software. R Presentations are a feature of RStudio that enable easy authoring of HTML5 presentations using a combination of Markdown and R. Best LaTeX Editors For Linux. Religious symbols, church clip art as well as pictures of joyful people that are present on most of our templates evoke spiritual atmosphere. This document describes how to use the puthesis (Purdue University thesis) LaTeX typesetting system documentclass to format Purdue University master's bypass reports, master's theses, PhD dissertations, and PhD preliminary reports. The cue section on the upper left is for writing keywords or questions. The most commonly-used are probably article, book, incollection (for a chapter in an edited volume), inproceedings (for an article in conference proceedings), techreport (for a report, like a "Working paper" or "Technical report", issued by an institution), and unpublished. Kafka Lecture Notes. MediaWiki to LaTeX converts Wiki pages to LaTeX and PDF. In the main body of your paper, you should cite references by using ncitefkeyg where key is the name you gave the bibliography entry. Students who have learned and practiced Cornell Notes as a strategy have increased their engagement and comprehension of concepts in the text. Please see the Extended Abstract Format (below) for other submission types. In short: I do and think it's great (unlike most answerers on this question), BUT… I was a physics/math double major, now a physics PhD student, and I've been taking notes in LaTeX for most of my math and physics classes since I started undergrad. Making nice PDFs (including from old. 15+ Lined Paper Templates Ruled paper is something that we are all familiar with as it is an essential part of learning how to write using your hand. It can be used on any device. 100 Million downloads. Computerized typesetting. So it will not compile in the older version of LyX. Data Structure have main and important topic, which is Linked List. The following Word templates should be used till the revision stage. Important note: please direct emails on all course related matters to the Education Associate, not the Instructor. Shared templates keep format and styling consistent. The template facilitates the peer review process by allowing authors to place artwork and tables close to the point where they are discussed within the text. If you have recently read an article in a publication and have decided that you would like to comment in the form of a letter to the editor, consider using one of our letter to the editor templates. The same data condensed into brief notes about working with this class, for those who are familiar with this sort of thing, can be found below. Chapter 17 Document Templates. A set of notes based on the F1. Org-mode’s manual, compact guide, the community maintained Worg (which includes tutorials, ideas, code snippets, Org Syntax, etc. My graduate students also use it for research, including writing papers and their thesis. Mal for SKDE-notater. I started using LaTeX fall semester of 2004, when I had to do a number of longish proofs for a math class and I needed to type them out. In seeing the beauty in the process, we believe when you give the time to create something by hand, the end product carries, within it, a secret ingredient: love. Creative Commons CC BY 4. Tasks & Projects. Data Flow Diagram. Using journal templates for your diary gives you a format and set of guidelines that you can use to fill in an entry. Follow the link below if you’d like to use the same free font in your design. Nithish B Moudhgalya. outlines - Produce "outline" lists. How to make boxed text with LaTeX. The Anki note template provided with the example deck accepts at most 8 further fields (4 prompts and 4 answers). Please see the Extended Abstract Format (below) for other submission types. Breast Cancer Awareness ribbon. Planners and Trackers. Note: All the other Office applications support only UnicodeMath linear format. 2019: better structure for circles on front page. tex} to the first line of your document as in this template. In PowerPoint, let's click on Notes on the bottom of the app to open up the Notes Panel. version 2018/03/10' of document class llncs, but only version 2004/08/17 v2. Doxygen comment blocks are easy to create. This is a simple latex template for taking notes. Related Content. 5 of Scientific WorkPlace, Scientific Word, and Scientific Notebook. Scale degrees. It allows you to make clean, well formatted PDFs, perfect for submission to academic journals or for reports. I am still working on improving the commands and environments. It was designed to work with and compliment our purchase order and sales invoice templates. Produce beautiful documents starting from our gallery of LaTeX templates for journals, conferences, theses, reports, CVs and much more. Extra lines and spaces make no difference. There’s no signup, no enrollment, and no start or end dates. These notes will show up only on your screen when presenting, or you can have them on your slides when you print them. Use this template for writing papers for Art classes. For example, in the following screen-shot I added a text in the drawing and typed a formula. /*! These next few lines will form a comment block To start a new paragraph add an empty line To end the comment block. Lecture Outline Template. In case, you want to teach your students about the Cornell Notes structure through a PPT presentation, a Cornell notes PowerPoint template sample would be handy for you with its readymade structure that can be customized easily. Customize with text, photos or videos. Click is a clean and free HTML5 Bootstrap template, design for personal and professional photography showcasing. Easy to add chapters. alpha, etc. Follow the links below for a free copy of our notes template. New LaTeX templates available Improved LaTeX templates for computer science proceedings can now be downloaded! Download from our website with Author Information Guidelines. Improved Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) template - latextemplates/LNCS. You will be issued a book cover template AFTER saving a quote and uploading your text file. Site maintained by Ryan Higginbottom. Reports put the title on a separate page (like this work-book). Copy it later to any page or other apps. The notes and guide that form most of the words in this template are more important than the sentences to fill in. Please see the Extended Abstracts Format (below) for other submission types. Doxygen comment blocks are easy to create. There is also a BIBTeX template which contains some of the lesser used entry types (such as @conference and @phdthesis). NOTE: If you already have some latex ftplugin files, read the Advanced Installation Instructions to make sure you do not over-write any of your files. eps that gets included by that file). Its goal is help people with atrocious handwriting to have beautiful notes on their computers without being distracted. Then, you need to provide optional subsection in this order (just to be consistent and have a uniform documentation. a written record set down as material for a history or biography: a biographical sketch: a record of some study investigated by the writer: (in pl. Single formulas must be seperated with two backslashes \\ Use the matrix environment to typeset matrices. Last active Dec 29, 2019. --template article (default) Latex article, derived from Sphinx’s howto template. LaTeX source View 1 View 2 View 3 Whole example. 0 will be the native support of LaTeX text. StockLayouts Design Templates. It has been replaced with this newly written document class elsarticle. The following code does this job. using LaTeX Writing an APA style paper is an exercise in frustration for most undergraduates taking Research Methods. Produce beautiful documents starting from our gallery of LaTeX templates for journals, conferences, theses, reports, CVs and much more. Because there is such beauty in the process. Kafka Lecture Notes. If you write your LP assignment in LaTeX, LaTeX Templates for Optimization Models « OR Complete. The LaTeX Notes for Professionals book is compiled from Stack Overflow Documentation, the content is written by the beautiful people at Stack Overflow. Here is an example of a latex file that uses the style file, and here is the resulting pdf document. Free Gantt Chart Template Collection The free Gantt chart template collection was designed for sophisticated professionals who want to distinguish their work with rich, visual project communications. In case, you want to teach your students about the Cornell Notes structure through a PPT presentation, a Cornell notes PowerPoint template sample would be handy for you with its readymade structure that can be customized easily. Please contact your department directly with your advising questions (e. Cornell Notes PowerPoint Template. Lecture Notes Template. Writing LaTeX Code Special Characters Another type of command Don’t de ne any formatting or structure Print non-standard characters or characters which usually mean something else Ex. \documentclass[]{report} % list options between brackets \usepackage{} % list packages between braces % type user-defined commands here \begin{document}. The \caption and \label commands can be used in. This is a simple latex template for taking notes. LaTeX is free, open source and works on any platform. From there, I just built a custom style-sheet that matches the visual of how I take notes by hand. doc) LaTeX templates (. For LaTeX authors of camera-ready articles, we provide the ecrc. 5 pt font size, Times New Roman. Note that this is not so much for converting a notebook into a proper article (this is best done through markdown as an intermediary). Easy to add chapters. Here is an example of a latex file that uses the style file, and here is the resulting pdf document. Feb 17, 2020 in Business, Calendar, Timeline, Timesheet, To Do List. Then, you need to provide optional subsection in this order (just to be consistent and have a uniform documentation. You may choose which ever one which you are most comfortable with depending on your level of expertise in using the respective softwares. Trusted by over 200,000 academia worldwide, Overleaf is a great LaTeX editing tool with all the features that make your document creations easy. a copy of my latex notes template. 06) Oral Presentations Reports Other Resources LaTeX Homework Template Suggested Books MATLAB Scripts Suggested Courses Course-Related Software Online Matlab Tutorial. Using Diary Templates. Our friendly staff is ready to help - drop by or make an appointment! This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3. Produce beautiful documents starting from our gallery of LaTeX templates for journals, conferences, theses, reports, CVs and much more. The same data condensed into brief notes about working with this class, for those who are familiar with this sort of thing, can be found below. Many types are available. LaTeX Template for Lecture or Class Notes A friend of mine asked me to create a LaTeX template for lecture notes. consisting of a thin plate of wood or metal, serving as a gauge or guide in mechanical work. LaTeX is a great program for writing in the scientific and mathematical disciplines. If you write your LP assignment in LaTeX, LaTeX Templates for Optimization Models « OR Complete. Transactions LaTeX style file (ZIP, 1. Nithish B Moudhgalya. It was introduced in one of his famous books,. 5 inches wide on 12pt documents, 1. LaTeX is available as free software. If you're faced with time limitations, budget constraints or simply need new creative ideas, get the jump start you need with StockLayouts graphic design templates. tex for conference papers and bare_jrnl. Note the capital letters. LaTeX templates. It did contain also. The cue section on the upper left is for writing keywords or questions. The style is defined in the \bibliographystyle{ style } command where style is to be replaced with one of the following styles (e. A little planning (e. This is a simple latex template for taking notes. Use this template for writing papers for Art classes. Below you will find Springer's guidelines and technical instructions for the preparation of contributions to be published in one of the following series or subseries: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI), Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), LNCS Transactions, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP), Communications in. see the link for converters to and from HTML. Any requests or features do let me know. This is a LaTeX template to help you prepare a paper for Springer's Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series. Version of 2004: the PDF file (due to a tragic hard drive failure the Latex files are no longer available. com - LaTeX Notes for Professionals 4 Now, open the console or terminal, navigate to the folder where you saved test. Free to download and use with iMindQ mind mapping software. ind subject index demo from the Springer book package llncs. Please read the author guidelines before writing your paper. cls, which has been developed for Elsevier by the leading TeX developer STM Document Engineering Pvt Ltd. Skip to content. Step 3 of 4: Install the help files. eemeir eepic. During this time, authors may submit using the new template or the previous, legacy templates, both of which are provided below. You can get the pdf of the overheads source slides. It is useful for in-line program documentation (such as Python docstrings), for quickly creating simple web pages, and for standalone documents. Beamer automatically converts all files with its document class to presentation mode. sty package. doc) LaTeX templates (. This material is subject to the LaTeX Project Public License. If TeXstudio doesn't fit your need, check the list of all available LaTeX Editors. We are in favor of more compact, simpler theorem environments, and aim to design an Elegant LaTeX template which is more suitable for note taking and note reading. Introduction to C++ – Lecture Notes. } #+END_LaTeX. Web Design Templates For Religious Sites Layouts presented here have only one goal to make the stay on your site as close to HIM as possible. You have a range of options for customize your table’s appear at functionality and you can even select from accessible templates to make insert tables totally painless. Lecture Notes. Description: A LaTeX document class built for lecture notes for classes/seminars, entire courses or brief talks. Latex book, derived from Sphinx’s manual template. Document history. Creative Commons CC BY 4. Depending on your preferred input format, you can create equations in Word in either one of UnicodeMath or LaTeX formats by selecting the format from the Equations tab. Create sections to quickly mix all kinds of content. Latex Template. Research Notes are free to read and currently carry no author publication charges. Law Firm Templates and Themes. Instant formatting template for Default template for Springer articles guidelines. Errors may result in delays in posting or in making any approved corrections, or in some cases, may simply persist. Nithish B Moudhgalya. Its purpose is to create familiarity with current thinking and research on. So it will not compile in the older version of LyX. Jupyter notebook recognizes LaTeX code written in markdown cells and renders the symbols in the browser using the MathJax JavaScript library. Termination Checklist.


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# What is the domain and range of y = 3x+6?

Then teach the underlying concepts
Don't copy without citing sources
preview
?

#### Explanation

Explain in detail...

#### Explanation:

I want someone to double check my answer

1
Mar 23, 2018

$\text{dom: } x \in \mathbb{R}$
$\text{ran: } y \in \mathbb{R}$

#### Explanation:

• The domain is defined as the set of all the possible x-values that can be input into the function.
• The range is defined as the set of all the possible y-values that can be input into the function.

Linear functions generally have a domain and range of $\mathbb{R}$ (all real values). Unless there is a restriction of the domain of the linear function, the domain and range of $y$ will be $\mathbb{R}$.

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## Introduction

Understanding the origin and adaptive significance of fruit colour has been a lively source of debate for over a century1,2,3. While less varied than flower colour globally, fruit colour diversity is nonetheless extensive, spanning and surpassing the human capacity to detect it4. Fruit colour diversity has been attributed to phylogenetic constraints, environmental constraints, and protection from antagonists1,4,5,6. Yet the oldest, best documented, and most contentious hypothesis for why fruit colour is so diverse centres on its role in attracting seed dispersing mutualists7. The disperser hypothesis posits that the colour of fleshy fruits evolved to maximise visual detection by specific animal mutualists to facilitate seed dispersal8,9.

Dispersers differ markedly in their visual capacities: birds possess tetrachromatic colour vision10. Most mammals are dichromatic, and primates - a major seed disperser in tropical systems – are either dichromats, trichromats or polymorphic (i.e. individuals are either di- or trichromats)11. Moreover, frugivores differ in their activity patterns12 and tendency to rely on non-visual fruit signals and cues13,14,15,16. Thus, the disperser hypothesis also predicts that fruits of plant species that rely on dispersal by different frugivores are subject to selective pressures that differ in both their magnitude and direction17,18, and would result in different fruit colour.

Despite the breadth of research regarding fruit colour as an adaptation to attracting mutualists, the theory remains highly contentious, and evidence for it is mixed17,19,20,21. The ongoing disagreement regarding the adaptive significance of fruit colour diversity may partly stem from the fact that many studies of fruit colour have relied on subjective, human assessments of fruit colour, which means that species are assigned to categories like red, or yellow3. Efforts to assess forces and constraints shaping fruit colour variation that rely on subjective human categories thus de facto underestimate the diversity of fruit colour, and further, are likely to miscategorise fruit colours. For example, a fruit categorised as “black” may in fact be reflecting strongly in the ultraviolet (UV) – a range of reflectance that is visually salient to many birds, but invisible to humans22.

In addition to the methodological limitations of many studies that aim to understand fruit colour diversity, the number of potential variables affecting fruit colour further impedes efforts to understand its origin and significance. Fruit colour is likely driven by multiple variables including environmental, physiological, and phylogenetic constraints, in addition to the potential selection for maximizing detectability to dispersers23. More specifically, it has been proposed that various factors that affect leaf colour such as latitude, temperature, and soil properties may also affect fruit colour6. Thus, even when fruit colour is quantified, the potential importance of multiple predictive variables requires an approach that includes the effects of each variable in light of the effects of all relevant variables, including phylogeny, and the potential role of abiotic factors.

Here, we quantify fruit and leaf colour using spectrometric measurements, and apply a comparative approach to examine which factors drive fruit colour variation. We test three hypotheses regarding the source of fruit colour variation, using fruit colour spectra from three tropical systems: (1) Fruit colour is driven by phylogeny. (2) Fruit colour is in fact “plant colour” and is driven by constraints or adaptive response to abiotic factors. If fruit colour is primarily a response to such factors, fruit reflectance should resemble leaf reflectance (3) Fruit colour differs between dispersal syndromes. If fruit colour is under selection to maximise detectability to seed dispersers, plants that rely on frugivores with different visual phenotypes (mammals, birds) or tendency to rely on visual cues will produce fruits which are, on average, differently coloured. Using reflectance samples from ripe fruits and leaves of 97 plant species (Fig. 1), we calculate Phylogenetic Generalised Least Squares models (PGLS) models to test the effects of phylogeny, dispersal mode (mammal, bird, and mixed), and leaf colour on fruit colour, summarised in four variables corresponding to relative reflectance in four colour bands: UV (300–400 nm), blue (400–500 nm), green (500–600 nm), and red (600–700 nm). Crucially, since these three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, our models include all three to control for their effects and thus identify the independent effects of each factor alone.

## Results

### The effect of phylogeny

We found no phylogenetic signal in fruit colour in any of the four reflectance bands (UV 300–400 nm; blue 400–500 nm; green 500–600 nm; red 600–700 nm. In all cases lambda <0.001; p = 1).

### Leaf colour

Of the four potential pairings of fruit and leaf colour, reflectance in the UV part of the spectrum (300–400 nm) in fruits was strongly positively related with UV reflectance in leaves, independent of phylogeny, dispersal syndrome, and site (Table 1). There was no such an effect for blue (Table 2), green (Table 3), or red (Table 4) reflectance.

### The effect of dispersers

Because the visual phenotypes of mammals and birds can differ between different sites, we first examined whether the relationships between dispersal mode and fruit colour varied by site by including the interaction between dispersal mode and site. This interaction was not significant in any of the colour bands (Tables 14), implying that the effect of dispersal syndrome is consistent across sites. After removing the interaction terms from the models, we also did not detect a significant main effect of dispersal mode on reflectance in the UV (Table 1) or blue (Table 2) parts of the spectrum. However, in the green and red colour bands, dispersal mode showed significant relationships with reflectance (Tables 3 and 4). Post-hoc tests revealed that mammal-dispersed fruits reflected significantly more than either bird-dispersed or mixed-dispersed fruits in the green part of the spectrum, and significantly less in the red parts of the spectrum (Fig. 2).

## Discussion

We tested three non-mutually-exclusive hypotheses for fruit colour variation; that fruit colour is (1) phylogenetically constrained, (2) a response to abiotic factors, and (3) adapted to seed dispersing mutualists. We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that fruit colour is the result of phylogenetic constraints, but we found evidence for the importance of environmental factors, and dispersers in fruit colour variation.

Our finding that fruit colour is not driven by phylogenetic constraints corroborates several recent studies showing that fruit traits, such as scent and size, can be malleable to selection pressures exerted by animal mutualists4,8,16,20,24,25, and contradicts the longstanding hypothesis that fruit traits are strongly conserved26,27. The finding that fruit and leaf reflectance in only the UV part of the spectrum are correlated may indicate the importance of solar radiation in fruit colour, at least across certain parts of the spectrum. While solar radiation is required to maintain plant function, excess light absorption can be damaging, and even fatal, to plant tissues28, which may result in the use of plant pigments as photoprotective screens29. Absorption at certain spectra, particularly in the ultraviolet, can result in photoinhibition and photodamage – reduced photosynthetic efficiency and cell damage30. Plants have mechanisms to detect and respond to variation in ambient light, and to attenuate harmful solar radiation via investment in compounds, like red-reflecting anthocyanins31. While understudied in fruits relative to leaves, studies have documented increased fruit investment in anthocyanins in Vaccinium species along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients32,33, and that UV reflection in leaves and fruits of this genus are correlated34 indicating that photoprotection may also be important in fleshy fruits. Plant UV reflectance may also function to reduce water loss in plant parts35. Experimentally, UV reflectance has been found to increase likelihood of ripening, and responsive to both solar radiation and edaphic factors in temperate, agricultural systems36. Increased solar radiation may result from latitudinal and altitudinal differences in solar radiation33, a plant’s position in the canopy relative to conspecifics37, and seasonality38. If plant mechanisms for UV reflectance are labile, this has potential implications for fruit colour and plant-animal mutualisms as spatio-temporal patterns in solar radiation are altered by climate change39. While beyond the scope of this study, future studies can test whether UV reflectance in fruits or leaves is associated with abiotic conditions such as growth form, elevation, and latitude.

Our results demonstrate that when colour is quantitatively measured rather than qualitatively described, and other potential factors are controlled for, the hypothesis that fruit colour is associated with seed dispersing mutualists is supported in these systems. We found clear differences in fruit coloration between species that rely solely on mammals for seed dispersal and those that rely, at least partially, on birds. Bird- and mixed-dispersed fruits reflect more in the red part of the spectrum, while mammal-dispersed fruits reflect more in the green part of the spectrum. Fruit reflectance in the red colour band may increase chromatic contrast with leaves, and allow visually-oriented birds to identify and locate ripe fruits. These results confirm previous studies reporting that mammals exert weaker selective pressure for visual signals than birds17, and support previous findings that other sensory trajectories, such as touch or olfaction, are critical to some mammal-plant interactions13,14,15,16,40,41,42. While limited to Africa, our results are in agreement with the patterns reported in the Neotropics, where primate-dispersed species tend to be more dully coloured18 but more olfactorily conspicuous14,25. Moreover, the species included in this study originate from sites that differ in their climate, elevation and latitude (see methods). The fact that no significant site X syndrome interactions were found (Tables 14) indicates that the patterns recorded are consistent and are likely to repeat in other systems in the tropics.

In our study sites there are substantial differences within frugivorous mammal guilds: In Madagascar (ANP; RNP) the mammalian dispersers are lemurs43, of which many species are nocturnal or cathemeral, and most individuals are dichromatic44. In contrast, mammal-dispersed fruits in Uganda (KNP) are primarily dispersed by trichromatic monkeys and apes45. Yet surprisingly, we did not find significant interactions between site and dispersal mode, thus indicating that the effect of dispersers on fruit colour is uniform across study sites. This may indicate that even plant species that interact with fully trichromatic monkeys and apes experience relaxed selection pressures on fruit visual conspicuousness, possibly due to the ability of primates to rely on other senses, such as scent14,16.

At the same time, it should be noted that the questions we presented can, and should, be addressed through other lenses in future studies. First, while leaf reflectance is a useful and convenient proxy for various constraints and environmental conditions, it does not capture all factors which can affect fruit colour. For instance, fruit colour can be constrained by factors that are not expected to affect leaf colour such as floral pigmentation4. Yet another factor which could affect the strength of the selective pressures animals exert on fruit colour is the presence of redundant non-visual cues15,16,23,25,46. While some data regarding olfactory properties of the fruits used here are available15,16,40,47, they are not sufficiently standardized to be used as a control variable here. Finally, while the Brownian motion evolutionary models we used are a robust approach to control for the non-independence structure of any comparative dataset, the Brownian motion model is somewhat simplistic in its assumptions. Use of different models of evolution in future studies may shed more light on the dynamics behind the evolution of the patterns reported here.

In conclusion, our results confirm that fruit colour is largely independent of phylogeny and that it is affected by both abiotic factors and interaction with seed-dispersing animals. They join several recent studies which demonstrated the malleability of fruits to frugivore sensory and feeding ecology17,20,21. Yet they also highlight the importance of the multivariate approach which recognises that fruit colour is shaped by multidirectional selection pressures, and that only by considering them in concert can the effect of each be isolated and understood.

## Methods

### Study sites and sample collection

Ripe fruits and mature leaves of 97 species were collected opportunistically from three different protected areas. Fruits and leaves of 26 species were collected from Ankarafantsika National Park (ANP), Madagascar, between January and December 2012. Fruits and leaves of 36 species were collected from Ranomafana National Park (RNP), Madagascar, between Oct 2016 and Sep 2017, and of 35 species in Kibale National Park (KNP), Uganda, between May 2015 and December 2016. All three study sites host mammal and bird frugivores and plant species that either specialise on seed dispersal by one of them or by a combination of both. In ANP and RNP the majority of frugivores are lemurs – an endemic group of primates in which all or at least most individuals in all species are dichromats and the rest are trichromats, i.e. they can distinguish between red and green48,49,50. KNP supports a diverse community of fully trichromatic primates and largely tetrachromatic birds45,51. The three sites differ in many other ways. RNP and KNP are both montane rainforests (elevation: 900–1500 and 1100–1590 m; annual rainfall: 2300–4000, 1537 mm, respectively)52,53,54,55 whereas ANP, located in north-western Madagascar, is drier (1660 mm)56,57 and on lower elevation (100–170 m). The sites are located at different latitudes, with KNP closest to the equator (0°13′ N)58, and ANP (16°19′ S)57 and RNP (21°16′ S)52 further. Only fruits for which both fruit and leaf measurements were available, and which could be reliably assigned to disperser mode and genus were included in the analysis. Species were collected opportunistically and roughly represent the distribution of dispersal syndromes in the systems.

To quantify fruit and leaf colour, we measured the reflectance spectra of ripe fruits and leaves (1–10 individuals per species) relative to a Spectralon white reflectance standard (Labsphere). In ANP and KNP, we used a Jaz portable spectrometer and a PX-2 pulsed xenon lamp (Ocean Optics Inc) emitting a D-65 light source, with optical probes fixed at a 45 degree angle. In RNP, we measured reflectance using the same reflectance standard, light source and sampling parameters, with a USB2000 + UV-VIS miniature fibre optics spectrometer (Ocean Optics). Both spectrometers have gratings optimised to sample reflectance between 300–700 nm. For the analysed range, we obtained 1140 ± 2.40 (mean ± sd) values for each sample, which means that the average resolution for the measurement of the reflectance was 0.351 nm. In all cases where multiple individuals of the same species were sampled, we calculated the mean reflectance at each nm and used the resultant average to represent that species. We then standardised the reflectance so that the sum of all values between 300 nm and 700 nm was 1 (i.e., the total reflectance for each species for the analysed ranges was set to 1.

We assigned disperser mode to each fruit species based on personal observations and data available in the literature (Table S1). We classified species to three dispersal categories: birds (species which rely solely on birds for seed dispersal), mammals (species which are only consumed by mammals), and mixed (species dispersed by both birds and mammals).

### Analysis

For each species in the dataset we calculated the sum of relative reflectance in ripe fruits and mature leaves in four 100 nm reflectance bands: 300–400, 400–500, 500–600, and 600–700 nm. These bands broadly correspond to reflectance in the human colour categories of UV, blue, green and red. We treated reflectance in fruits at each of the four bands as a separate response variable that can be affected by either phylogeny, dispersal syndrome, or leaf colour. To estimate the importance of phylogeny, we used a published phylogeny59 exported using Phylomatic and then calculated Pagel’s Lambda60 using the function ‘phylosig’ from the phytools package v0.6–4461 in R v3.4.3. For each of the four colour bands, we used a likelihood ratio test (by setting the argument ‘test = TRUE’) to examine whether lambda is significantly different from 0, which implies some degree of phylogenetic signal. To estimate the relationship between fruit colour in each of these bands and disperser mode, leaf colour and phylogeny, we calculated Phylogenetic Generalised Least Squares models (PGLS) with a Brownian correlation structure using the function ‘gls’ from the R package nlme v3.1–13162. To account for variance that may originate from differences between the study sites, we included study site as a control factor in the models. Furthermore, we included the interaction between dispersal syndrome and site to account for the possibilities that the effect of different dispersers on fruit colour differs depending on geographic location. The general model formula was:

$$\begin{array}{c}Fruit\,reflectanc{e}_{i}\sim leaf.reflectanc{e}_{i}+dispersal.syndrome:study.site\\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,+\,dispersal.syndrome+study.site\end{array}$$

We ran four different models, one for each of the colour bands with respective ripe fruit colour reflectance as response variable (Fruit reflectancei with i = UV, Blue, Green, or Red), to identify the effects of each of the predictor variables independent of phylogeny. All continuous variables (reflectance of fruits and leaves) were square-root transformed to comply with the model’s assumptions. To establish the significance of full models, we compared the full models (containing all variables) with null models (excluding all independent variables) computing likelihood ratio tests using the function ‘anova’. To establish p-values for each of the predictor variables, we used the drop1 function (with the argument “test = ‘chisq’”), which excludes individual terms from the model and compares the resulting nested models to the full model using a chi-square test. Because in none of the models, the interaction between syndrome and site was significant (i.e., p < 0.05; see Tables 14), we excluded the interactions from the models and used the drop1 again to establish p-values for the main effects of syndrome and site, which were before included into the interaction. Thus, the effect of site on fruit colour in these models reflects differences between the sites which are independent of dispersal syndrome, phylogeny and leaf reflectance. As a result, they primarily reflect other unknown differences between the sites and were considered a control factor which allowed a more accurate comparison of the sites. Only in case the entire variable for dispersal syndrome was significant, we conducted pairwise comparisons between the three dispersal syndrome categories using the Tukey method as implemented in the function ‘emmeans’ from the package emmeans63. We used qq-plots and histograms of residuals, and scatterplots showing residuals against model fitted values to verify the model assumptions.


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# Reciprocal Time Dilation in Special Relativity [duplicate]

I'm trying to understand theory of special relativity, but there is one thing that really makes me confused which is reciprocal time dilation in special relativity.

In special relativity, the time dilation effect is reciprocal: as observed from the point of view of either of two clocks which are in motion with respect to each other, it will be the other clock that is time dilated. (This presumes that the relative motion of both parties is uniform; that is, they do not accelerate with respect to one another during the course of the observations.) - Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

This paragraph tells us that: as your friend flying on a high-speed moving rocket passes around you (who is at the rest in space), you see her age more slowly than yourself. She in turn will see you age more slowly.

This conclusion seems rather contradicting to me. What does this conclusion gives as the result of age-relationship between you and your friend? Does it mean if the rocket were forever in the uniform motion going away from you, you will be always older than your friend, and friend will be always older than you depending on which frame of reference you take?

## marked as duplicate by WillO, Rory Alsop, user36790, John Rennie special-relativity StackExchange.ready(function() { if (StackExchange.options.isMobile) return; $('.dupe-hammer-message-hover:not(.hover-bound)').each(function() { var$hover = $(this).addClass('hover-bound'),$msg = $hover.siblings('.dupe-hammer-message');$hover.hover( function() { $hover.showInfoMessage('', { messageElement:$msg.clone().show(), transient: false, position: { my: 'bottom left', at: 'top center', offsetTop: -7 }, dismissable: false, relativeToBody: true }); }, function() { StackExchange.helpers.removeMessages(); } ); }); }); Jul 2 '16 at 6:43

• If we walk away from each other, I see you getting smaller, but you also see me getting smaller! That seems just as contradictory -- who's really getting smaller? – knzhou Jul 1 '16 at 17:53
• The solution for both paradoxes is the same. You can only compare size (or age) when you're at the same place. To do this, somebody has to turn around, and that acceleration breaks the symmetry. Search 'twin paradox' for more detailed resolutions. – knzhou Jul 1 '16 at 17:54
• – user108787 Jul 1 '16 at 17:54
• The key to the whole issue is the relativity of simultaneity. You can't understand the theory until you accept that. – dmckee Jul 1 '16 at 17:54
• Also see this excellent graphic. @Mashu, it might be confusing since it looks like we're all saying different things. Actually, none of us are contradicting each other -- special relativity is just a really rich and cohesive theory, and there are always lots of ways to 'see' the same thing. (I think the graphic is the easiest one, though.) – knzhou Jul 1 '16 at 18:33

In relativity time is no longer a universal concept, it is a quantity specific to a frame of reference. It isn't meaningful to compare the "age" of two objects in two different frames of reference using a single "frame time." "Frame time" denotes time as measured in a specific frame of reference. This frame of reference could be that of either object for example or perhaps even a third party observer. There is one way to compare ages of objects that's meaningful though but it requires a different concept of time to be measured. Proper time is the time measured in a frame of reference where the observer measures him or herself to be at rest. This definition is rather bizarre since it doesn't allow arbitrary points in space to have a proper time. Only observers with a defined velocity (or motion of any kind) can have a measured proper time. It is still a useful concept as it allows us to directly compare what different observers measure from their own frame of reference.

With your example we can use proper time to see how old the travelers are as measured in their own time. By the definition of proper time, traveler A and traveler B age in terms of proper time at the same rate, that's the whole point of proper time! Now what happens when they try to measure each other's age using their own time? If they do this they're not measuring the other traveler's age in terms of proper time, but rather their own frame time. They would need to calculate the proper time of the other traveler that they're observing. But when traveler A observes traveler B at a proper time of 1 minute, does traveler A see traveler B at a proper time of 1 minute or some other time? Obviously there will be some delay for the light of traveler B to reach A, but even accounting for this effect, do we expect A to still measure a difference in her observation of B's proper time? The answer is yes, we do, because A's notion of simultaneity is not the same as B's.

When A looks at B, A does not see B at the same proper time A sees herself. Because they are moving at different relative speeds, A's frozen snapshot of space at a given time doesn't look like B's. We could imagine depicting A's frozen snapshot of space as a line where at each point we give the value of A's clock for that point. It will look like this for A say at time = 0:

...-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-...

Every point exists at the same time. Now from B's perspective we could depict A's frozen time snapshot assigning those same points a time, t', based on B's clock instead. It will look like the following for example:

...-0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-...

A's frozen time is frozen at a different time for each point in space from B's perspective. Likewise from A's perspective, B's frozen snapshot looks the same as A's did from B's perspective. This means measuring each other's age at a frozen snapshot is not a fair depiction of how A or B would measure their own age. A doesn't see B at her own value of proper time and likewise B doesn't see A at his own value of proper time. They are just as delayed from each other's point of view. This is the same thing as depicted in the graphic knzhou posted in the comments. The diagonal line of the driver represents B's simultaneity as seen from A. All along this line, A has different values of her clock even though it is a "frozen snapshot."

So what happens if A and B decide to meet in the same frame of reference, i.e. have 0 relative speed? Then they will have the same frame time and when they measure each other's proper time, it will match their own proper time. So what will their relative ages be? It depends on how they get there. If they both agree to do equal work to match speeds, they will see each other age the same amount over the time it takes to match speeds. If A does more of the work, then she will come out younger for it, if B does more of the work, then he will be younger.

Yes, Einstein's postulates entail symmetrical (reciprocal) time dilation, but in 1905 Einstein deduced, invalidly (in the sense that this does not follow from the postulates), asymmetrical time dilation - when the moving clock passes the stationary one, the former lags behind the latter. Nowadays you can often hear the same incorrect conclusion: "Moving clocks run slower than stationary ones", "Time slows down for you if you start moving" etc.


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# An element having atomic mass 60 has face-centered cubic unit cells.The edge length of the unit cell is 400pm.Find the density of the element.

$\begin{array}{1 1}6.2gcm^{-3}\\5.2gcm^{-3}\\7.2gcm^{-3}\\8.2gcm^{-3}\end{array}$

Unit-cell edge length =400pm=$400\times 10^{-10}$cm
Volume of unit cell =$(400\times 10^{-10}cm)^3=64\times 10^{-24}cm^3$
Mass of the unit cell =Number of atoms in the unit cell $\times$ Mass of each atom
Number of atoms in the fcc unit cell =$8\times \large\frac{1}{8}$$+6\times \large\frac{1}{2}$
$\Rightarrow 4$
Mass of one atom =$\large\frac{\text{Atomic mass}}{\text{Avogadro number}}$
$\Rightarrow \large\frac{60}{6.023\times 10^{23}}$
$\therefore$ Mass of the unit cell =$\large\frac{4\times 60}{6.023\times 10^{23}}$
$\therefore$ Density of unit cell =$\large\frac{\text{Mass of unit cell}}{\text{Volume of unit cell}}$
$\Rightarrow \large\frac{4\times 60}{6.023\times 10^{23}}\times \frac{1}{64\times 10^{-24}}$
$\Rightarrow 6.2gcm^{-3}$


text:
# “Density” of Topological Properties.

I came up with this question when I drew diagrams to represent the relations among special topological space. I am aware that the answer might be trivial, but I haven’t figure out a way to do it yet.

Given two topological properties $$P_1$$ and $$P_2$$ such that $$P_1($$P_1$$ implies $$P_2$$, but does not equal to $$P_2$$. An example would be “$$T_0”), is there a topological property $$P$$ such that $$P_1?(“$$<$$” is defined as above) Can we define a topology using the class of topological properties?

The key thing to understand is that a topological property is really just a collection of homeomorphism classes of topological spaces. Given a collection $$C$$ of homeomorphism classes of topological spaces, the property of being in one of those homeomorphism classes is a topological property, and every topological property has this form.
So, how do you find two topological properties with nothing in between them? You just make them differ by exactly one homeomorphism class. For instance, let $$P_2$$ be the property of being Hausdorff, and let $$P_1$$ be the property of being Hausdorff but not homeomorphic to $$\mathbb{R}$$. There is no topological property strictly in between these, since they differ only on a single homeomorphism class (namely that of $$\mathbb{R}$$).


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## Importing a project that has been created and then deleted dosn't work.

In particular, I created a project, with the mmp file in \private\svdwal\prj\prj_s60\prj_s60\group. That is one prj_s60 too many, so I deleted the project in Carbide, removed one of the prj-s60 folders and reimported the project as a project (not the bld.inf or the mmp file)

Now compiling the c++ source files goes fine, but compiling the .aif, the _*caption.rss and the *.rss file all go wring. In particular, Carbide still thinks these files are in prj_s60\prj_s60, instead of prj_s60. I can open the files themselves just fine in the editor, but the resource compilers still think these files are in the old position.