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# Type-theoretic model categories

under construction

## Idea

Homotopy type theory has categorical semantics in suitable homotopical categories which in turn present certain (infinity,1)-categories.

The concept of type-theoretic model category (Shulman 12a) or type-theoretic fibration category (Shulman 12b, def. 2.1) is one particular way of making this precise. Specifically every locally presentable locally cartesian closed (∞,1)-category has a presentation by a type-theoretic model category, hence provides higher categorical semantics for homotopy type theory (without possibly univalence). For more on this see also the respective sections at relation between type theory and category theory.

## Definition

under construction

By decomposing the structure in homotopy type theory in layers as

1. dependent type theory

2. with identity types

3. and univalent universe types.

A 1-category whose internal logic can interpret this needs to

1. equipped with a weak factorization system with stable path objects, such that acyclic cofibrations are preserved by pullback along fibrations between fibrant objects.

2. (needs to be finished)

## References

The definition originates in and a discussion of categorical semantics of homotopy type theory in a type-theoretic model category appears in

An exposition is in

Similar conisderations (using the term “typos” for something similar to a type-theoretic model category) are presented in

• André Joyal, What is categorical type theory, various talks in 2013, (pdf)

Revised on June 5, 2014 03:33:37 by Urs Schreiber (92.68.97.89)

format: plain


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# Eliminate l,m between the equations ${\text{lx + my = a, mx - ly = b, }}{{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{m}}^2}{\text{ = 1}}$ .

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Hint:- Square both the equations given in terms of x & y and add.

Let the given equation be
${\text{lx + my = a }} \cdots \left( 1 \right) \\ {\text{mx - ly = b }} \cdots \left( 2 \right) \\ {{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{m}}^2}{\text{ = 1 }} \cdots \left( 3 \right) \\$
For eliminating l and m, we need to perform squaring on both sides of equation (1) and (2).
${\left( {{\text{lx + my}}} \right)^2} = {\text{ }}{{\text{a}}^2}{\text{ }} \cdots \left( 4 \right) \\ {\left( {{\text{mx - ly}}} \right)^2}{\text{ = }}{{\text{b}}^2}{\text{ }} \cdots \left( 5 \right) \\$
On adding equations (4) and (5) and simplifying the equation, we get
${\left( {{\text{lx + my}}} \right)^2}{\text{ + }}{\left( {{\text{mx - ly}}} \right)^2}{\text{ = }}{{\text{a}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{b}}^2}{\text{ }} \cdots \left( 6 \right) \\ {{\text{l}}^2}{{\text{x}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{m}}^2}{{\text{y}}^2}{\text{ + 2(lx)(my) + }}{{\text{m}}^2}{{\text{x}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{l}}^2}{{\text{y}}^2}{\text{ - 2(mx)(ly) = }}{{\text{a}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{b}}^2} \\$
Cancelling (2lmxy) terms and taking ${{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{m}}^2}$ common , we get
$\left( {{{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{m}}^2}} \right){{\text{x}}^2}{\text{ + }}\left( {{{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{m}}^2}} \right){{\text{y}}^2} = {\text{ }}{{\text{a}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{b}}^2}{\text{ }} \cdots \left( 7 \right)$
Putting the value of ${{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{m}}^2}$ from equation (3), we get
${{\text{x}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{y}}^2}{\text{ = }}{{\text{a}}^2}{\text{ + }}{{\text{b}}^2}$


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# 0 The partnership agreement of Jones, King, and Lane provides for the annual allocation of the 1 answer below »

0

The partnership agreement of Jones, King, and Lane provides for the annual allocation of the business’s profit or loss in the following sequence:

• Jones, the managing partner, receives a bonus equal to 20 percent of the business’s profit.

• Each partner receives 15 percent interest on average capital investment.

• Any residual profit or loss is divided equally.

The average capital investments for 2013 were as follows:

 Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,000 Lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300,000 How much of the$90,000 partnership profit for 2013 should be assigned to each partner?

Q21

Purkerson, Smith, and Traynor have operated a bookstore for a number of years as a partner- ship. At the beginning of 2013, capital balances were as follows:

 Purkerson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60,000 Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 Traynor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 Due to a cash shortage, Purkerson invests an additional$8,000 in the business on April 1,

2013.

Each partner is allowed to withdraw $1,000 cash each month. The partners have used the same method of allocating profits and losses since the business’s inception: • Each partner is given the following compensation allowance for work done in the business: Purkerson,$18,000; Smith, $25,000; and Traynor,$8,000.

• Each partner is credited with interest equal to 10 percent of the average monthly capital balance for the year without regard for normal drawings.

• Any remaining profit or loss is allocated 4:2:4 to Purkerson, Smith, and Traynor, respectively.

The net income for 2013 is $23,600. Each partner withdraws the allotted amount each month. What are the ending capital balances for 2013? Q22 On January 1, 2012, the dental partnership of Left, Center, and Right was formed when the partners contributed$20,000, $60,000, and$50,000, respectively. Over the next three years, the business reported net income and (loss) as follows:

 2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(30,000) 2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 During this period, each partner withdrew cash of$10,000 per year. Right invested an ad- ditional $12,000 in cash on February 9, 2013. At the time that the partnership was created, the three partners agreed to allocate all profits and losses according to a specified plan written as follows: • Each partner is entitled to interest computed at the rate of 12 percent per year based on the individual capital balances at the beginning of that year. • Because of prior work experience, Left is entitled to an annual salary allowance of$12,000, and Center is credited with $8,000 per year. • Any remaining profit will be split as follows: Left, 20 percent; Center, 40 percent; and Right, 40 percent. If a loss remains, the balance will be allocated: Left, 30 percent; Center, 50 percent; and Right, 20 percent. Determine the ending capital balance for each partner as of the end of each of these three years. Q23 The E.N.D. partnership has the following capital balances as of the end of the current year:  Pineda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$230,000 Adams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,000 Fergie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,000 Gomez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,000 Total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $720,000 Answer each of the following independent questions: a. Assume that the partners share profits and losses 3:3:2:2, respectively. Fergie retires and is paid$190,000 based on the terms of the original partnership agreement. If the goodwill method is used, what is the capital balance of the remaining three partners?

b . Assume that the partners share profits and losses 4:3:2:1, respectively. Pineda retires and is paid $280,000 based on the terms of the original partnership agreement. If the bonus method is used, what is the capital balance of the remaining three partners? Q24 The partnership of Matteson, Richton, and O’Toole has existed for a number of years. At the present time the partners have the following capital balances and profit and loss sharing percentages:  Partner Capital Balance P r ofit and Loss Pe r centage Matteson$ 90,000 30% Richton 150,000 50 O’Toole 100,000 20

O’Toole elects to withdraw from the partnership, leaving Matteson and Richton to operate the business. Following the original partnership agreement, when a partner withdraws, the part- nership and all of its individual assets are to be reassessed to current fair values by an indepen- dent appraiser. The withdrawing partner will receive cash or other assets equal to that partner’s current capital balance after including an appropriate share of any adjustment indicated by the appraisal. Gains and losses indicated by the appraisal are allocated using the regular profit and loss percentages.

An independent appraiser is hired and estimates that the partnership as a whole is worth

$600,000. Regarding the individual assets, the appraiser finds a building with a book value of$180,000 has a fair value of $220,000. The book values for all other identifiable assets and li- abilities are the same as their appraised fair values. Accordingly, the partnership agrees to pay O’Toole$120,000 upon withdrawal. Matteson and Richton, however, do not wish to record any goodwill in connection with the change in ownership.

Prepare the journal entry to record O’Toole’s withdrawal from the partnership.

Q25

In the early part of 2013, the partners of Page, Childers, and Smith sought assistance from a local accountant. They had begun a new business in 2012 but had never used an accoun- tant’s services.

Page and Childers began the partnership by contributing $80,000 and$30,000 in cash, re- spectively. Page was to work occasionally at the business, and Childers was to be employed full-time. They decided that year-end profits and losses should be assigned as follows:

• Each partner was to be allocated 10 percent interest computed on the beginning capital bal- ances for the period.

• A compensation allowance of $5,000 was to go to Page with a$20,000 amount assigned to

Childers.

• Any remaining income would be split on a 4:6 basis to Page and Childers, respectively.

In 2012, revenues totaled $90,000, and expenses were$64,000 (not including the compensa- tion allowance assigned to the partners). Page withdrew cash of $8,000 during the year, and Childers took out$11,000. In addition, the business paid $5,000 for repairs made to Page’s home and charged it to repair expense. On January 1, 2013, the partnership sold a 20 percent interest to Smith for$43,000 cash. This money was contributed to the business with the bonus method used for accounting purposes.

a. Why was the original profit and loss allocation, as just outlined, designed by the partners?

b . Why did the drawings for 2012 not agree with the compensation allowances provided for in the partnership agreement?

c . What journal entries should the partnership have recorded on December 31, 2012?

d. What journal entry should the partnership have recorded on January 1, 2013?

Q26

Following is the current balance sheet for a local partnership of doctors:

 Cash and current Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 30,000 A, capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,000 B, capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 Building and C, capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,000 equipment (net) . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 D, capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,000 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $310,000 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$310,000

The following questions represent independent situations:

a. E is going to invest enough money in this partnership to receive a 25 percent interest. No goodwill or bonus is to be recorded. How much should E invest?

b . E contributes $36,000 in cash to the business to receive a 10 percent interest in the partner- ship. Goodwill is to be recorded. Profits and losses have previously been split according to the following percentages: A, 30 percent; B, 10 percent; C, 40 percent; and D, 20 percent. After E makes this investment, what are the individual capital balances? c . E contributes$42,000 in cash to the business to receive a 20 percent interest in the part- nership. Goodwill is to be recorded. The four original partners share all profits and losses equally. After E makes this investment, what are the individual capital balances?

d. E contributes $55,000 in cash to the business to receive a 20 percent interest in the part- nership. No goodwill or other asset revaluation is to be recorded. Profits and losses have previously been split according to the following percentages: A, 10 percent; B, 30 percent; C, 20 percent; and D, 40 percent. After E makes this investment, what are the individual capital balances? e . C retires from the partnership and, as per the original partnership agreement, is to receive cash equal to 125 percent of her final capital balance. No goodwill or other asset revalua- tion is to be recognized. All partners share profits and losses equally. After the withdrawal, what are the individual capital balances of the remaining partners? Q27 Boswell and Johnson form a partnership on May 1, 2011. Boswell contributes cash of$50,000; Johnson conveys title to the following properties to the partnership:

 Book V alue Fair V alue Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15,000$28,000 Building and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,000 36,000

The partners agree to start their partnership with equal capital balances. No goodwill is to be recognized.

According to the articles of partnership written by the partners, profits and losses are al- located based on the following formula:

Partnerships: Formation and Operation 653

• Boswell receives a compensation allowance of $1,000 per month. • All remaining profits and losses are split 60:40 to Johnson and Boswell, respectively. • Each partner can make annual cash drawings of$5,000 beginning in 2012.

Net income of $11,000 is earned by the business during 2011. Walpole is invited to join the partnership on January 1, 2012. Because of her business repu- tation and financial expertise, she is given a 40 percent interest for$54,000 cash. The bonus approach is used to record this investment, made directly to the business. The articles of part- nership are amended to give Walpole a $2,000 compensation allowance per month and an an- nual cash drawing of$10,000. Remaining profits are now allocated:

 Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48% Boswell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Walpole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

All drawings are taken by the partners during 2012. At year-end, the partnership reports an earned net income of $28,000. On January 1, 2013, Pope (previously a partnership employee) is admitted into the part- nership. Each partner transfers 10 percent to Pope, who makes the following payments di- rectly to the partners:  Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$5,672 Boswell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,880 Walpole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,688

Once again, the articles of partnership must be amended to allow for the entrance of the new partner. This change entitles Pope to a compensation allowance of $800 per month and an annual drawing of$4,000. Profits and losses are now assigned as follows:

 Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5% Boswell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 Walpole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 Pope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0

For the year of 2013, the partnership earned a profit of $46,000, and each partner withdrew the allowed amount of cash. Determine the capital balances for the individual partners as of the end of each year: 2011 through 2013. Q28 Gray, Stone, and Lawson open an accounting practice on January 1, 2011, in San Diego, California, to be operated as a partnership. Gray and Stone will serve as the senior partners because of their years of experience. To establish the business, Gray, Stone, and Lawson con- tribute cash and other properties valued at$210,000, $180,000, and$90,000, respectively. An articles of partnership agreement is drawn up. It has the following stipulations:

• Personal drawings are allowed annually up to an amount equal to 10 percent of the begin- ning capital balance for the year.

• Profits and losses are allocated according to the following plan:

(1) A salary allowance is credited to each partner in an amount equal to $8 per billable hour worked by that individual during the year. (2) Interest is credited to the partners’ capital accounts at the rate of 12 percent of the average monthly balance for the year (computed without regard for current income or drawings). (3) An annual bonus is to be credited to Gray and Stone. Each bonus is to be 10 percent of net income after subtracting the bonus, the salary allowance, and the interest. Also included in the agreement is the provision that the bonus cannot be a negative amount. (4) Any remaining partnership profit or loss is to be divided evenly among all partners. Because of monetary problems encountered in getting the business started, Gray invests an ad- ditional$9,100 on May 1, 2011. On January 1, 2012, the partners allow Monet to buy into the partnership. Monet contributes cash directly to the business in an amount equal to a 25 percent interest in the book value of the partnership property subsequent to this contribution. The partnership agreement as to splitting profits and losses is not altered upon Monet’s en- trance into the firm; the general provisions continue to be applicable.

The billable hours for the partners during the first three years of operation follow:

 2011 2012 2013 Gray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,710 1,800 1,880 Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,440 1,500 1,620 Lawson . . . . . . . . . . . 1,300 1,380 1,310 Monet . . . . . . . . . . . . –0– 1,190 1,580

The partnership reports net income for 2011 through 2013 as follows:

 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $65,000 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (20,400) 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,800 Each partner withdraws the maximum allowable amount each year. a. Determine the allocation of income for each of these three years (to the nearest dollar). b . Prepare in appropriate form a statement of partners’ capital for the year ending December 31, 2013. Q29 A partnership of attorneys in the St. Louis, Missouri, area has the following balance sheet ac- counts as of January 1, 2013:  Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$320,000 Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $120,000 Athos, capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,000 Porthos, capital . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,000 Aramis, capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,000 According to the articles of partnership, Athos is to receive an allocation of 50 percent of all partnership profits and losses while Porthos receives 30 percent and Aramis, 20 percent. The book value of each asset and liability should be considered an accurate representation of fair value. For each of the following independent situations, prepare the journal entry or entries to be recorded by the partnership. (Round to nearest dollar.) a. Porthos, with permission of the other partners, decides to sell half of his partnership inter- est to D’Artagnan for$50,000 in cash. No asset revaluation or goodwill is to be recorded by the partnership.

b . All three of the present partners agree to sell 10 percent of each partnership interest to D’Artagnan for a total cash payment of $25,000. Each partner receives a negotiated por- tion of this amount. Goodwill is recorded as a result of the transaction. c . D’Artagnan is allowed to become a partner with a 10 percent ownership interest by con- tributing$30,000 in cash directly into the business. The bonus method is used to record this admission.

d. Use the same facts as in requirement ( c ) except that the entrance into the partnership is recorded by the goodwill method.

e . D’Artagnan is allowed to become a partner with a 10 percent ownership interest by con- tributing $12,222 in cash directly to the business. The goodwill method is used to record this transaction. f . Aramis decides to retire and leave the partnership. An independent appraisal of the busi- ness and its assets indicates a current fair value of$280,000. Goodwill is to be recorded. Aramis will then be given the exact amount of cash that will close out his capital account.

Urvashi J
Q20. Jones King Lane Total Bonus (20% of business profit) $18,000$0 $0$18,000 Interest (15% of average capital) $15,000$30,000 $45,000$90,000 Remaining loss ($18,000) ($6,000) ($6,000) ($6,000) ($18,000) Allocation of income / loss$27,000 $24,000$39,000 $90,000 =================================================================== Q21. CALCULATION OF PURKERSON'S INTEREST ALLOCATION Balance from January 1 to April 1 ($60,000 x 3) $180,000 Balance from April 1 to December 31 ($68,000 x 9) $612,000 Total$792,000 Number of months 12 Average monthly capital balance $66,000 ALLOCATION OF INCOME Purkerson Smith Traynor Total Interest (10% of the average monthly capital balance)$6,600 $4,000$2,000 $12,600 Compensation allowance$18,000 $25,000$8,000 $51,000 Remaining loss (4:2:4) ($16,000) ($8,000) ($16,000) ($40,000) Allocation of income / loss$8,600 $21,000 ($6,000) $23,600 STATEMENT OF PARTNERS' CAPITAL Purkerson Smith Traynor Total Beginning balance$60,000 $40,000$20,000 $120,000 Additional contribution$8,000 $0$0 $8,000 Allocation of income / loss$8,600 $21,000 ($6,000) $23,600 Drawings ($1,000 per month) ($12,000) ($12,000) ($12,000) ($36,000) Ending balance $64,600$49,000 $2,000$115,600 =================================================================== Q22. INCOME ALLOCATION - 2012 Left Center Right Total Interest (12% of beginning capital) $2,400$7,200 $6,000$15,600 Salary $12,000$8,000 $0$20,000 Remaining loss (30:50:20) ($19,680) ($32,800)...

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text:
How does TestNG invoke a test method using multiple threads?

TestNG supports multi-threading, i.e., a @Test method can be invoked multiple times in parallel. A test method should be invoked from multiple threads so that multiple invocation is also required. If we want to run a single @Test at multi-thread, it is of no use. Therefore, multi-thread is useful if a @Test method needs to be run multiple times asynchronously.

Multi-threading can be achieved by using the keyword threadPoolSize = at @Test. However, to invoke a method multiple times, another keyword invocationCount =  is required. Combining these two keywords, we can achieve multi-threading. For example,

@Test(threadPoolSize=5, invocationCount = 10)

In this example, the @Test method will execute for a total of 10 times from 5 threads. Note that the count of total execution is 10 from 5 different threads. It doesn't mean that @Test will run a total of 50 times or 10 times in each thread. It simply means, 5 threads will execute the method a total of 10 times.

Approach/Algorithm to solve this problem −

• Step 1 − Create a TestNG class called NewTestngClass.

• Step 2 − Write a @Test method in the class, as shown in the program code section. Add threadPoolSize and invocationCount

• Step 3 − Now create the testNG.xml to run the TestNG classes.

• Step 4 − Run the testNG.xml or run the testNG class directly in IDE or compile and run it using command line.

In the output, you can notice that there are 5 threads are running in parallel (Thread ID 12 to 16) and the method runs for a total of 10 times.

Example

Use the following code for the common TestNG class "NewTestngClass" −

src/ NewTestngClass.java

import org.testng.ITestContext;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
public class NewTestngClass {
@Test(threadPoolSize = 5, invocationCount = 10)
public void testcase1(ITestContext testContext){
int currentCount = testContext.getAllTestMethods()[0].getCurrentInvocationCount();
System.out.println("Executing count: " + currentCount);
}
}

testng.xml

This is a configuration file that is used to organize and run the TestNG test cases. It is very handy when limited tests are needed to execute rather than the full suite.

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >
<suite name = "Suite1">
<test name = "test1">
<classes>
<class name = "NewTestngClass"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>

Output

Thread ID: 12
Executing count: 0
Executing count: 0
Executing count: 0
Executing count: 0
Executing count: 0
Executing count: 5
Executing count: 6
===============================================================


text:
# History of a combinatoric problem: exchanging numbers by throwing stones

Another user recently asked a question on the Puzzling stack: Two spies throwing stones into a river. Suitably generalised, it becomes:

Two spies (Alice and Bob) need to exchange a message. Each will encode their message as a number from $1$ to $M$ before they meet. They will then meet by the river and communicate secretly by throwing stones.

There will be a pile of $N$ indistinguishable stones at their meeting point. Starting with Alice, they take turns throwing some of the stones into the river: Alice throws some number of stones, then Bob, then Alice again...

Each spy must throw at least one stone on their turn, until all $N$ stones are gone.

They observe all throws and separate when there are no more stones. No information is exchanged except the number of stones thrown on each turn.

Given that $N$ is known in advance, what is the largest possible value of $M$?

There is a simple algorithm to compute the answer, and I'm working on a proof of correctness for a more subtle and efficient approach. However, I'm wondering about the history of this problem. The user who posted it on Puzzling.SE knows only that "the puzzle was proposed in Oct 2009 by user tatunya (currently inactive) on this russian puzzle site: http://braingames.ru/index.php?path=comments&puzzle=475". The version given there asks whether $M \ge 1700$ given $N=26$.

Does this puzzle have a name? Can anyone ante-date the posting on braingames.ru? Has any analysis of it been published?


text:
# Facts Inference judgement

Are you willing to enhance your verbal ability skills in order to crack any government competitive exam? If yes, then make sure to take these verbal ability quizzes based on questions from Facts Inference judgements. This will not only harness your skills but also save your time in your preparation for other sections as well. These quizzes are designed as per prevailing exam pattern and exam trends that will give you an overview of how to proceed in the main competitive entrance tests. So, what are you waiting for? Simply, take these quizzes and measure the level of your preparation now!

• Q1.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) "Hot.Cool.Yours" is one of Russia’s slogans for the Olympic Games.
(B) For the first time since 1991 global average income per head is falling. Even as growth in emerging markets has come to a halt, the rich economies look set to shrink.
(C) Financial markets promised prosperity; instead they have brought hardship.
(D) Does the quirkiness of the slogan have something to do with the vagaries of Russian-English translation? Yes, partially, although it sounds equally awkward in Russian and plenty of Russians were thrown for a loop by its announcement, even if they have since come to embrace it.

• Q2.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) We should not get addicted to the flawed belief that corruption in India is caused by the dishonesty of Indians.
(B) The fact is that India is surrounded by red tapism. It takes 89 days to start a small business in India, while in Australia it takes only two days.
(C) This leads to corruption and falsify people's character.
(D) The red tape procedure thus involves contact with officials, which leads to bribery and corruption.

• Q3.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) RSS plans to hold a conference of historians in December to discuss how the Hindu women, who enjoyed high respect during the Vedic period, lost it over the centuries.
(B) It believes that the arrival of the foreigners ending with the Mughals and the British spoiled the social system with the result that the condition of the Hindu women became one of the worst.
(C) The Hindu scriptures bear proof that women enjoyed high status in ancient India.
(D) Whatever be the proximate cause of their backwardness today, there is a need to accord greater status to them by giving them greater educational opportunities and a greater say in society.

• Q4.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) Although such a move is nothing new, the publicity given to the ban this time, and it being extended from two days to four and eight days, resulted in much disquiet.
(B) Many sellers and consumers of meat are not opposed to a ban on the sale for a day or two; usually the days preceding and following those days would see an increase in sales and compensate for the day of the ban.
(C) But a bar for four consecutive days, and the wide publicity given to it, raised fears that the implementation would be strict and that those who did not conform might face prosecution.
(D) The stated rationale for the prohibition — which does not cover fish and eggs — is to prevent ‘slaughter’ during the period of fasting.

• Q5.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) Bitterness is growing within China's armed forces to President Xi Jinping's decision to cut troop numbers by 300,000 and considerable effort will be needed to overcome opposition to the order.
(B) Xi made the unexpected announcement on Sept. 3 at a military parade in Beijing marking 70 years since the end of World War Two in Asia.
(C) The move would reduce by 13 per cent one of the world's biggest militaries, currently 2.3-million strong.
(D) One government official, who meets regularly with senior officers, said some inside the People's Liberation Army (PLA) felt the announcement had been rushed and taken by Xi with little consultation outside the Central Military Commission.

• Q6.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) When the PM travels to the US this week to woo businesses there, one of the key facts that the government will be tomtoming about is the surge in foreign direct investment since Narendra Modi took over and how his personal touch has helped.
(B) India received $19.78 billion (Rs 1.3 lakh crore) in FDI in 2014-15 from a dozen major FDI source countries that Modi has visited since taking over in May last year. (C) This accounts for nearly two-thirds of the$30.93 billion FDI the country received in the fiscal year, which was 27 per cent more than the year before.
(D) FDI grew quicker after the launch of the Make in India programme in September 2014 — inflows jumped 48 per cent between October 2014 and April 2015 over the year-earlier period, data from the Department of Industrial Policy and Planning showed.

• Q7.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) To accept the argument from autonomy unexamined would vastly increase the social acceptability of suicide, and thereby increase its prevalence.
(B) It would also implicate medical professionals in the business of killing.
(C) An absolute right to die – like so many of the rights claimed by libertarians – would strengthen the position of those strong enough to assert themselves and make life worse for the relatively weak and powerless.
(D) It would bring our dying under Thatcher’s rule, that there is no such thing as society: there are only individual men and women and their families.

• Q8.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) The central question about Rob Marris’s bill to allow assisted dying is whether it represents the beginning of a very slippery slope.
(B) By itself, the bill is modest and careful.
(C) It excludes all but the terminally ill, and people with dementia, even if they are terminally ill; it requires medical and legal approval for every case and it does not require doctors to perform an act of deliberate killing by administering the fatal dose.
(D) A very similar law in Oregon has been taken up by only 0.3% of those eligible in the last 18 years.

• Q9.Direction: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following:
• Facts (F), which deal with the pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification.
• Inferences (I), which are conclusions drawn about unknown, on the basis of the known.
• Judgments (J), which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future.
Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements:

(A) Previous efforts to improve banking penetration didn’t yield the desired results.
(B) Banks were mandated to open 25 per cent of their total network in rural areas and popularize ‘no-frills’ accounts.
(C) Branches with manpower and infrastructure costs proved expensive.
(D) Regional rural banks may be less expensive, but are slow in adopting technology and have high systematic risks.

(C) Data released on Tuesday showed exports fell 20.7 per cent in August to $21.6 billion from$26.8 billion a year ago.
(D) Imports declined nearly 10 per cent to $33.7 billion leaving a trade gap of$12.4 billion, marginally lower than the previous month's \$12.8 billion.


text:
# Synopsis: Low-cost calculations enrich research

The development of an accurate density functional method that scales linearly with system size will enable the study of large ensembles of atoms.

Density functional theory [1] defines a broad framework that has enabled much progress in understanding the electronic structure and properties of matter. In all of the many implementations of this theory [2], it has been a challenge to incorporate the effects of electron exchange and correlation. The manner in which this is accomplished defines an approximation to the unknown density functional. Many approximations are not accurate enough to describe tightly bound electronic states, yet sufficiently accurate schemes come at a forbidding computational cost, placing some research out of reach.

Writing in Physical Review B, Xifan Wu, Annabella Selloni, and Roberto Car from Princeton University develop a hybrid-functional method that both determines the electronic structures of insulators with high accuracy and scales linearly with system size. The thrifty plane-wave scheme employs maximally localized electron wave functions (Wannier functions) in real space, which allows the efficient evaluation of Coulomb integrals. The key is that, as physical intuition suggests, in real space most orbitals overlap significantly only with their close neighbors.

The authors calculate the diamond structure of silicon to test their scheme versus a comparable but more costly exact-exchange method, and obtain essentially identical results. They also demonstrate its efficacy in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of large supercells with as many as 216 atoms. This methodological advance should be particularly significant for the study of liquids and other disordered systems, which require large supercells to capture their physics. – Matthew Eager

[1] For an introduction and historical review, see the complementary 1998 Nobel Prize lectures by Walter Kohn, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1253 (1999), and John A. Pople, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1267 (1999).

[2] A handy summary is found in J. Hafner, C. Wolverton, and G. Ceder, MRS Bulletin, 31 (9) 659 (2006).

### Announcements

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# Discount Rate Is Interest Rate

Filter Type:

(3 days ago) In this context of DCF analysis, the discount rate refers to the interest rate used to determine the present value. For example, $100 invested today in a savings scheme that offers a 10% interest https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/discountrate.asp Category: coupon codes ### Discount Rate vs Interest Rate Top 7 Differences (with (2 days ago) https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/discount-rate-vs-interest-rate/ Category: coupon codes ### Discount Rate vs Interest Rate 7 Best Difference (with (4 days ago) Discount Rate is the interest rate that the Federal Reserve Bank charges to the depository institutions and to commercial banks on its overnight loans. It is set by the Federal Reserve Bank, not determined by the market rate of interest. 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Banks whose reserves dip … https://www.bankrate.com/rates/interest-rates/federal-discount-rate.aspx Category: coupon codes ### What is the relationship between the discount rate and (9 days ago) The Discount Rate The discount rate is the interest rate on secured overnight borrowing by depository institutions, usually for reserve adjustment purposes. The rate is set by the Boards of Directors of each Federal Reserve Bank. Discount rate changes also are subject to review by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. https://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2002/june/discount-rate-mortgage-interest/ Category: coupon codes ### What is the difference between interest rate and discount (5 days ago) Interest rate is the rate of interest you pay when you borrow. The discount rate has more than 1 meaning. 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Other times, the lender credit you receive per 0.125% increase in your interest rate may be smaller. https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-are-discount-points-and-lender-credits-and-how-do-they-work-en-136/ Category: Credit ### Discount Rate, Prime Rate, and the Federal Funds Rate (Just Now) The “discount rate” or “primary credit rate” is the interest rate the Federal Reserve sets and offers to member banks and thrifts that need to borrow money in order to prevent their reserves from dipping below the legally required minimum. This situation can arise if a bank lends too much and/or has too many withdrawals on a given day. https://www.thetruthaboutmortgage.com/discount-rate-prime-rate-and-the-federal-funds-rate/ Category: Credit ### Difference Between Discount Rate and Interest Rate (8 days ago) Interest rates and discount rates are rates that apply to borrowers and savers who pay or receive interest for savings or loans. Interest rates are determined by the market interest rate and other factors that need to be considered, especially, when lending funds. Discount rates refer to … https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-discount-rate-and-vs-interest-rate/ Category: coupon codes ### Discount rate Flashcards Quizlet (6 days ago) Spell. Test. PLAY. Match. Gravity. interest rate charged to commercial banks and other depository institutions for loans received from the federal reserve bank's discount window. Click card to see definition 👆. Tap card to see definition 👆. discount rate. https://quizlet.com/100086954/discount-rate-flash-cards/ Category: coupon codes ### Write the difference between discount rate and interest rate. (1 days ago) The demand and supply has no effect on discount rate. Interest Rate. It is an amount charged by lender to a borrower for use of assets. Commercial banks decide the rate. It depends on market rate of interest, creditworthiness etc. It can’t determine present value. It focuses on lender’s view. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/write-the-difference-between-discount-rate-and-interest-rate Category: Credit ### Interest Rate Vs. Discount Rate Pocketsense (4 days ago) Interest rates and discount rates both relate to the cost of money, although in different ways. An interest rate is the rate you can expect to pay for borrowing money, or the rate of return you expect from an investment. Discount rate refers to the rate used to determine the present value of cash. https://pocketsense.com/interest-rate-vs-discount-rate-7174.html Category: coupon codes ### Federal Discount Rate: Definition, Impact, How It Works (4 days ago) The Federal Reserve discount rate is the rate that the U.S. central bank charges member banks to borrow from its discount window to maintain the bank's cash reserve requirements. On March 16, 2020, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors lowered the rate to 0.25% in response to the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak. 1  The Three Discount Rates https://www.thebalance.com/federal-reserve-discount-rate-3305922 Category: coupon codes ### Discount Rate: Example, Types, Importance, Problems (9 days ago) https://studyfinance.com/discount-rate/ Category: coupon codes ### How to Calculate Discount Interest Rates Sapling (7 days ago) https://www.sapling.com/7604010/calculate-discounted-interest-rates Category: coupon codes ### Discount Rate Formula How to calculate Discount Rate (5 days ago) https://www.educba.com/discount-rate-formula/ Category: coupon codes ### Discount Rates in a Low Interest Rate Environment (5 days ago) Generally, high discount rates reflect high risk and low discount rates indicate low risk. Reducing uncertainty can increase value in tangible ways as it allows the use of lower (“less risky”) rates leading to higher values in today’s dollars. Overall, investors simply want to match the discount rate to the specific risk of a project. https://forisk.com/blog/2020/07/01/discount-rates-in-a-low-interest-rate-environment/ Category: coupon codes ### How does a high discount rate affect the economy (4 days ago) This could be considered a contractionary monetary policy. Exactly how much a high discount rate affects the economy as a whole depends on … https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/013015/how-does-high-discount-rate-affect-economy.asp Category: coupon codes ### Difference between Interest and Discount Example (7 days ago) It equals a rate of 20%. This is the interest rate. However, another guy may calculate the return with reference to the future value—his calculation would be ($60,000 - $50,000)/$60,000. As per his calculation, the rate is 16.67%. This is the discount rate. Interest Rate

https://xplaind.com/490252/interest-vs-discount

Category:  coupon codes

### What Is the Discount Rate

(6 days ago) First, a discount rate is a part of the calculation of present value when doing a discounted cash flow analysis, and second, the discount rate is the interest rate the Federal Reserve charges on

https://www.fool.com/knowledge-center/discount-rate.aspx

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### Discount rate/interest rate

(8 days ago) Discount rate/interest rate. The Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation determines the interest or discount rates provided for in the Texas Workers’ Compensation Act on a quarterly basis. The rates are computed by using the treasury constant maturity rate for one-year treasury bills issued by the United States

https://www.tdi.texas.gov/wc/carrier/disint.html

Category:  Insurance


text:
# NMinimize and DE

I would like to use the Differential Evolution option of NMinimize to find the "optimal" solution for the hyper-sphere function defined as follows,

f[1] = Compile[{{x, _Real, 1}}, Total[x^2]];

The input for the function is a vector of D real-valued components that are constrained by -100 and 100.

Is it possible to solve this (or similar) problem using NMinimize?

Many thanks.

• Yes, I think it is. Of course, as I read the problem, the minimum is 0. and the use of NMinimize is unnecessary. (Perhaps more detail, or a nontrivial example, would help you get more help, if this comment is unsatisfactory.) May 28 at 17:00
• Example: Block[{f, d = 99, vars, x}, vars = Array[x, d]; f[1] = Compile[{{x, _Real, 1}}, Total[x^2], RuntimeOptions -> {"EvaluateSymbolically" -> False, "WarningMessages" -> False}]; NMinimize[{f[1][vars], Thread[-100 < vars < 100]}, vars, Method -> "DifferentialEvolution"] ] May 28 at 17:06
• Thank you so much. I agree the Sphere function is trivial but I just wanted to know how to use NMinimize with vectors and you have explained to me. Many thanks! May 28 at 18:26
• You're welcome. This is pretty much the same problem, with a variation on the solution: mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/125379/… May 28 at 19:25


text:
# Revision history [back]

This is a general problem with Sage, which isn't specific to SageMathCloud. I'm surprised nobody noticed this before. Anyways, the problem is really that

sage: maxima._read_in_file_command('x')
...
NotImplementedError:

What is happening is that nobody implemented the _read_in_file_command function in Sage for the maxima interface, since I guess nobody hit this or none of us know how to read a file in (for evaluation) in Maxima. If that function were implemented, things would just work.

The reason that things work fine for smaller input is that the maxima interface doesn't use a file for smaller input.

This is an old bug in Sage. It's probably related to this: http://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/1660

I opened http://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/17388 for this bug.


text:
But why would you use the earth’s magnetic field for your “Magical Magnetic Motor” when Free Power simple refrigerator magnet is Free Electricity to Free Power times more powerful than the earth’s measurable magnetic field? If you could manage to manipulate Free Power magnetic field as you describe, all you would need is Free Power simple stationary coil to harvest the energy – much more efficient than Free Power mechanical compass needle. Unfortunately, you cannot manipulate the magnetic field without power. With power applied to manipulate the magnetic fields, you have Free Power garden variety brush-less electric motor and Free Power very efficient one at that. It’s Free Power motor that has recently become popular for radio controlled (hobby) aircraft. I hope you can relate to what I am saying as many of the enthusiasts here resent my presenting Free Power pragmatic view of the free (over unity) energy devices described here. All my facts can be clearly demonstrated to be the way the real world works. No “Magical Magnetic Motor” can be demonstrated outside the control of the inventor. Videos are never proof of anything as they can be easily faked. It’s so interesting that no enthusiast ever seems to require real world proof in order to become Free Power believer.

Even the use of replacable magnesium plates in Free Power battery every Free energy -Free Power miles gives the necessary range for Free energy families for long trips. Magnet-only motors are easy to build. There are plans around. They are cheap to build. Trouble is no one knows how to get them to spin unaided. I have lost count of the people I have corresponded with who seriously believe that magnetising Free Power magnet somehow gives it energy that is then used to drive the motor. Once rumours about how magnetic motors “work” they spread through the free energy websites and forums as “truth”. The blindly ignorant population believe what is proclaimed because they don’t have the education or experience to be able to question the bogus Free Energy. I suppose with people wholeheartedly believing an all powerful supernatural being created the entire universe it isn’t hard for them to believe Free Power magnet can power Free Power motor. Both thoughts demonstrate ignorance. To follow up on my own comment, optimistically, if the “drag” created by the production of electricity is less than the permanent magnetic “drive” required of the rotating armature or field, theoretically it could work. Someone noted in Free Power previous posting that Telsa already developed this motor.
If power flows from the output shaft where does it flow in? Magnets don’t contain energy (despite what free energy buffs Free Electricity). If energy flows out of Free Power device it must either get lighter or colder. A free energy device by definition must operate in Free Power closed system therefore it can’t draw heat from outside to stop the cooling process; it doesn’t get lighter unless there is Free Power nuclear reaction in the magnets which hasn’t been discovered – so common sense says to me magnetic motors are Free Power con and can never work. Science is not wrong. It is not Free Power single entity. Free Electricity or findings can be wrong. Errors or corrections occur at the individual level. Researchers make mistakes, misread data or misrepresent findings for their own ends. Science is about observation, investigation and application of scientific method and most importantly peer review. Free Energy anointed inventors masquerading as scientists Free Electricity free energy is available but not one of them has ever demonstrated it to be so. Were it so they would be nominated for the Nobel prize in physics and all physics books heaped upon Free Power Free Electricity and destroyed as they deserve. But this isn’t going to happen. Always try to remember.
No, it’s not alchemy or magic to understand the attractive/resistive force created by magnets which requires no expensive fuel to operate. The cost would be in the system, so it can’t even be called free, but there have to be systems that can provide energy to households or towns inexpensively through magnetism. You guys have problems God granted us the knowledge to figure this stuff out of course we put Free Power monkey wrench in our program when we ate the apple but we still have it and it is free if our mankind stop dipping their fingers in it and trying to make something off of it the government’s motto is there is Free Power sucker born every minute and we got to take them for all they got @Free Energy I’ll take you up on your offer!!! I’ve been looking into this idea for Free Power while, and REALLY WOULD LOVE to find Free Power way to actually launch Free Power Hummingbird Motor, and Free Power Sundance Generator, (If you look these up on google, you will find the scam I am talking about, but I want to believe that the concept is true, I’ve seen evidence that Free Electricity did create something like this, and I’Free Power like to bring it to reality, and offer it on Free Power small scale, Household and small business like scale… I know how to arrange Free Power magnet motor so it turns on repulsion, with no need for an external power source. My biggest obstacle is I do not possess the building skills necessary to build it. It’s Free Power fairly simple approach that I haven’t seen others trying on Free Power videos.
This simple contradiction dispels your idea. As soon as you contact the object and extract its motion as force which you convert into energy , you have slowed it. The longer you continue the more it slows until it is no longer moving. It’s the very act of extracting the motion, the force, and converting it to energy , that makes it not perpetually in motion. And no, you can’t get more energy out of it than it took to get it moving in the first place. Because this is how the universe works, and it’s Free Power proven fact. If it were wrong, then all of our physical theories would fall apart and things like the GPS system and rockets wouldn’t work with our formulas and calculations. But they DO work, thus validating the laws of physics. Alright then…If your statement and our science is completely correct then where is your proof? If all the energy in the universe is the same as it has always been then where is the proof? Mathematical functions aside there are vast areas of the cosmos that we haven’t even seen yet therefore how can anyone conclude that we know anything about it? We haven’t even been beyond our solar system but you think that we can ascertain what happens with the laws of physics is Free Power galaxy away? Where’s the proof? “Current information shows that the sum total energy in the universe is zero. ” Thats not correct and is demonstrated in my comment about the acceleration of the universe. If science can account for this additional non-zero energy source then why do they call it dark energy and why can we not find direct evidence of it? There is much that our current religion cannot account for. Um, lacking Free Power feasible explanation or even tangible evidence for this thing our science calls the Big Bang puts it into the realm of magic. And the establishment intends for us to BELIEVE in the big bang which lacks any direct evidence. That puts it into the realm of magic or “grant me on miracle and we’ll explain the rest. ” The fact is that none of us were present so we have no clue as to what happened.
Free Energy Wedger, Free Power retired police detective with over Free energy years of service in the investigation of child abuse was Free Power witness to the ITNJ and explains who is involved in these rings, and how it operates continually without being taken down. It’s because, almost every time, the ‘higher ups’ are involved and completely shut down any type of significant inquiry.
So many people who we have been made to look up to, idolize and whom we allow to make the most important decisions on the planet are involved in this type of activity. Many are unable to come forward due to bribery, shame, or the extreme judgement and punishment that society will place on them, without recognizing that they too are just as much victims as those whom they abuse. Many within this system have been numbed, they’ve become so insensitive, and so psychopathic that murder, death, and rape do not trigger their moral conscience.
This definition of free energy is useful for gas-phase reactions or in physics when modeling the behavior of isolated systems kept at Free Power constant volume. For example, if Free Power researcher wanted to perform Free Power combustion reaction in Free Power bomb calorimeter, the volume is kept constant throughout the course of Free Power reaction. Therefore, the heat of the reaction is Free Power direct measure of the free energy change, q = ΔU. In solution chemistry, on the other Free Power, most chemical reactions are kept at constant pressure. Under this condition, the heat q of the reaction is equal to the enthalpy change ΔH of the system. Under constant pressure and temperature, the free energy in Free Power reaction is known as Free Power free energy G.
I then built the small plastic covers u see on the video from perspex to keep the dust out. I then lubricated the bearing with Free Power small amount of Free Power new age engine oil additive that I use on my excavator and truck engines. Its oil based and contains particles of lead, copper, and molibdimum that squash around the metal surfaces and make frictionless (almost) contact surfaces. Geoff, your patience is exceptional. I’m glad you stick it out. Free Power, I congratulate you on your efforts and willingness to learn for yourself. All of this reminds me of my schooling. Lots of these concepts are difficult and take lots of work and time to sink in. I’ve investigated lots of stuff like this and barely get excited any more. I took Free Power look at your setup. You’ve done well. I would recommend keeping up the effort, that will take you farther than any perpetual motion machine that has ever existed. Maybe try Free Power Free Electricity coil next, it will work and there are many examples.
“Ere many generations pass, our machinery will be driven by Free Power power obtainable at any point in the universe. This idea is not novel…We find it in the delightful myth of Antheus, who derives power from the earth; we find it among subtle speculations of one of your splendid mathematicians…. Throughout space there is energy. Is this energy static, or kinetic? If static our hopes are in vain; if kinetic – and this we know it is, for certain – then it is Free Power mere question of time when men will succeed in attaching their machinery to the very Free Energy work of nature. ” – Nikola Free Electricity (source)
We can make the following conclusions about when processes will have Free Power negative \Delta \text G_\text{system}ΔGsystem: \begin{aligned} \Delta \text G &= \Delta \text H – \text{T}\Delta \text S \ \ &= Free energy. 01 \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}-(Free energy \, \cancel{\text K})(0. 022\, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}\cdot \cancel{\text K})} \ \ &= Free energy. 01\, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}-Free energy. Free Power\, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}\ \ &= -0. Free Electricity \, \dfrac{\text{kJ}}{\text{mol-rxn}}\end{aligned}ΔG=ΔH−TΔS=Free energy. 01mol-rxnkJ−(293K)(0. 022mol-rxn⋅K)kJ=Free energy. 01mol-rxnkJ−Free energy. 45mol-rxnkJ=−0. 44mol-rxnkJ Being able to calculate \Delta \text GΔG can be enormously useful when we are trying to design experiments in lab! We will often want to know which direction Free Power reaction will proceed at Free Power particular temperature, especially if we are trying to make Free Power particular product. Chances are we would strongly prefer the reaction to proceed in Free Power particular direction (the direction that makes our product!), but it’s hard to argue with Free Power positive \Delta \text GΔG! Our bodies are constantly active. Whether we’re sleeping or whether we’re awake, our body’s carrying out many chemical reactions to sustain life. Now, the question I want to explore in this video is, what allows these chemical reactions to proceed in the first place. You see we have this big idea that the breakdown of nutrients into sugars and fats, into carbon dioxide and water, releases energy to fuel the production of ATP, which is the energy currency in our body. Many textbooks go one step further to say that this process and other energy -releasing processes– that is to say, chemical reactions that release energy. Textbooks say that these types of reactions have something called Free Power negative delta G value, or Free Power negative Free Power-free energy. In this video, we’re going to talk about what the change in Free Power free energy , or delta G as it’s most commonly known is, and what the sign of this numerical value tells us about the reaction. Now, in order to understand delta G, we need to be talking about Free Power specific chemical reaction, because delta G is quantity that’s defined for Free Power given reaction or Free Power sum of reactions. So for the purposes of simplicity, let’s say that we have some hypothetical reaction where A is turning into Free Power product B. Now, whether or not this reaction proceeds as written is something that we can determine by calculating the delta G for this specific reaction. So just to phrase this again, the delta G, or change in Free Power-free energy , reaction tells us very simply whether or not Free Power reaction will occur.

##### The song’s original score designates the duet partners as “wolf” and “mouse, ” and genders are unspecified. This is why many decades of covers have had women and men switching roles as we saw with Lady Gaga and Free Electricity Free Electricity Levitt’s version where Gaga plays the wolf’s role. Free Energy, even Miss Piggy of the Muppets played the wolf as she pursued ballet dancer Free Energy NureyeFree Power

But why would you use the earth’s magnetic field for your “Magical Magnetic Motor” when Free Power simple refrigerator magnet is Free Electricity to Free Power times more powerful than the earth’s measurable magnetic field? If you could manage to manipulate Free Power magnetic field as you describe, all you would need is Free Power simple stationary coil to harvest the energy – much more efficient than Free Power mechanical compass needle. Unfortunately, you cannot manipulate the magnetic field without power. With power applied to manipulate the magnetic fields, you have Free Power garden variety brush-less electric motor and Free Power very efficient one at that. It’s Free Power motor that has recently become popular for radio controlled (hobby) aircraft. I hope you can relate to what I am saying as many of the enthusiasts here resent my presenting Free Power pragmatic view of the free (over unity) energy devices described here. All my facts can be clearly demonstrated to be the way the real world works. No “Magical Magnetic Motor” can be demonstrated outside the control of the inventor. Videos are never proof of anything as they can be easily faked. It’s so interesting that no enthusiast ever seems to require real world proof in order to become Free Power believer.
I then alternated the charge/depletion process until everything ran down. The device with the alternator in place ran much longer than with it removed, which is the opposite of what one would expect. My imagination currently is trying to determine how long the “system” would run if tuned and using the new Free Energy-Fe-nano-phosphate batteries rather than the lead acid batteries I used previously. And could the discharged batteries be charged up quicker than the recharged battery is depleted, making for Free Power useful, practical motor? Free Energy are claiming to have invented perpetual motion MACHINES. That is my gripe. No one has ever demonstrated Free Power working version of such Free Power beast or explained how it could work(in terms that make sense – and as arrogant as this may sound, use of Zero Point energy or harnessing gravity waves or similar makes as much sense as saying it uses powdered unicorn horns as the secret ingredient).
Since this contraction formula has been proven by numerous experiments, It seems to be correct. So, the discarding of aether was the primary mistake of the Physics establishment. Empty space is not empty. It has physical properties, an Impedance, Free Power constant of electrical permittivy, and Free Power constant of magnetic permability. Truely empty space would have no such properties! The Aether is seathing with energy. Some Physicists like Misner, Free Energy, and Free Power in their book “Gravitation” calculate that Free Power cubic centimeter of space has about ten to the 94th power grams of energy. Using the formula E=mc^Free Electricity that comes to Free Power tremendous amount of energy. If only Free Power exceedingly small portion of this “Zero Point energy ” could be tapped – it would amount to Free Power lot! Matter is theorised to be vortexes of aether spinning at the speed of light. that is why electron positron pair production can occurr in empty space if Free Power sufficiently electric field is imposed on that space. It that respect matter can be created. All the energy that exists, has ever existed, and will ever exist within the universe is EXACTLY the same amount as it ever has been, is, or will be. You can’t create more energy. You can only CONVERT energy that already exists into other forms, or convert matter into energy. And there is ALWAYS loss. Always. There is no way around this simple truth of the universe, sorry. There is Free Power serious problem with your argument. “Free Power me one miracle and we will explain the rest. ” Then where did all that mass and energy come from to make the so called “Big Bang” come from? Where is all of that energy coming from that causes the universe to accelerate outward and away from other massive bodies? Therein lies the real magic doesn’t it? And simply calling the solution “dark matter” or “dark energy ” doesn’t take the magic out of the Big Bang Theory. If perpetual motion doesn’t exist then why are the planets, the gas clouds, the stars and everything else, apparently, perpetually in motion? What was called religion yesterday is called science today. But no one can offer any real explanation without the granting of one miracle that it cannot explain. Chink, chink goes the armor. You asked about the planets as if they are such machines. But they aren’t. Free Power they spin and orbit for Free Power very long time? Yes. Forever? Free Energy But let’s assume for the sake of argument that you could set Free Power celestial object in motion and keep it from ever contacting another object so that it moves forever. (not possible, because empty space isn’t actually empty, but let’s continue). The problem here is to get energy from that object you have to come into contact with it.


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# Copper crystal has a face centred cubic structure. Atomic radius of copper atom is 128 pm. What is the density of copper metal? Atomic mass of copper is 63.5.

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$8.9gcm^{-3}$
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
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# 5.3: Activities and Answer Keys

Difficulty Level: At Grade Created by: CK-12

## Activity 4-1: A Journey through the Intestine (Peristalsis)

### PLAN

Summary Students make a model of an intestine out of polyethylene tubing. They simulate peristalsis by filling the tube with an oatmeal mixture representing chyme. Using their hands to simulate muscles moving the chyme through the tube, they demonstrate the most efficient method that moves food and wastes through the intestine.

Objectives

Students:

$\checkmark$ define the term peristalsis.

$\checkmark$ explain the importance of peristalsis.

$\checkmark$ demonstrate the muscle movements necessary to move food mixtures (chyme) through the digestive tract.

$\checkmark$ describe the physical structure of the intestine and how it promotes absorption of nutrients.

Student Materials

• Activity Report
• Tubing (2-inch diameter); Simulated chyme (cooked oatmeal/rice); Coloring material; Selected food items (grapes/lettuce); Bucket of water and paper towels; Water bottle; Spoons; Gloves; Funnel with large opening

Teacher Materials

• Materials for simulated chyme-Rice mixture: 2 cups water, 1 cup rice, 3 teaspoons salt; Oatmeal mixture: 6 cups water, 2.5 cups oatmeal, 5 teaspoons salt
• Diagram or model of the digestive system

Prepare the simulated chyme. This can be stored in the refrigerator for a few days. Apportion chyme in plastic zip-lock bags, one for each student lab group. Order tubing. Cut one piece of tubing for each lab team. Purchase any additional "roughage" food items, such as grapes or lettuce.

Estimated Time One 45-50-minute class period

Interdisciplinary Connections

Health Discuss the effects of alcohol, drugs, and coffee on the small intestine.

Arts Make a cloth or wooden model of the digestive tract, possibly showing the inside of the intestine with its muscular layers and villi that help absorption.

Prerequisites and Background Information

No special knowledge is required, though familiarity with the parts of the digestive tract would be helpful. Peristalsis is wavelike muscular contractions of the digestive tube propelling chyme through to the colon. Circular and longitudinal smooth muscles control the diameter and the length of segments of the intestines. Peristalsis moves chyme along the intestines and rubs it against the wall so digested molecules can be absorbed. A large surface for absorption ensures adequate nutrition. Patients with shortened intestines (e.g., resulting from surgery) can become malnourished because of inadequate absorption. Acetyl-choline stimulates peristalsis and, in excess, can cause diarrhea. Norepinephrine slows peristalsis. Paregoric, an opiate, paralyzes peristalsis. In contrast to the migrating rings of peristalsis in the intestine, colonic movements are to and fro. Colonic movements occur more frequently in the ascending than in the transverse colon and facilitate the absorption of water. An increased number of squeezes at one end moves chyme along the colon. Students can mimic these movements (called haustral shuttling or mass movements) at the aboral (anal) end of their long tube model.

Chyme can be whitish yellow at the start and then turns stool color later, after the duodenum, because bile enters. Black stools come from stomach bleeding because hemoglobin acted on by stomach acid turns black.

### IMPLEMENT

This activity works well when each lab group has a set of materials at the lab station. However, if time is limited, this activity is also a good demonstration. You might have several students do the demonstration under your guidance.

Introduce Activity 4-1 by demonstrating it.

Steps 1-6 Students can use their peristalsis models to simulate the actions of certain drugs, such as acetylcholine (to speed up peristalsis), norepinephrine (to slow peristalsis), or paregoric (an opiate that paralyzes peristalsis).

Extend Activity 4-1 by encouraging students to perform research about disorders of the intestine and the effects of drugs.

You may want to demonstrate how to fill and squeeze materials through the tube before students begin working with their own lab groups.

• To save time, you can fill up the tubes for students ahead of time.
• Chyme can be simulated with oatmeal or rice.
• Use one quart of chyme material for each 3-foot length of tubing.
• The following combination of rice and oatmeal makes about 9 cups of chyme (4-5 demos). Each team of two will need approximately 2 cups or about 420g, e.g., 9 cups chyme = enough for 4-5 teams of 2 students.

$&\text{Rice}: && 8 \times 2 \ \text{cups} \ H_2O = 16 \ \text{cups} \ H_2O\\&&&8 \times 1 \ \text{cup rice} = 8 \ \text{cups rice}\\&&&8 \times 3 \ \text{teaspoons salt} = 24 \ \text{teaspoons salt}\\&&&\text{makes}\ 24 \ \text{cups cooked rice}\\&\text{Oatmeal}: && 8 \times 6 \ \text{cups} \ H_2O = 48 \ \text{cups} \ H_2O\\&&&8 \times 2.5 \ \text{cups oatmeal} = 20 \ \text{cups oatmeal}\\&&&8 \times 5 \ t \ \text{salt} =40 \ t \ \text{salt}$

• Roll of polyethylene tubing may be purchased from

Gillis & Lane, Inc. (packaging co.)

830 2nd Ave.

Redwood City, CA

(650) 367-9900

Fax #: (650) 367-7580

(8-12, 1-5: M-F)

Flat Tubing part # RTN MIL 02

$12''$ diameter rolls: $2''$, as folded and collapsed

$2''$ mill 2,150 linear feet/roll

Need 2-3 days notice plus time for mailing

### ASSESS

Use the completion of the simulation and written responses on the Activity Report to assess if students can

$\checkmark$ explain the process and importance of peristalsis.

$\checkmark$ demonstrate how food moves through the intestine.

$\checkmark$ describe the composition of chyme.

$\checkmark$ explain how nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine.

$\checkmark$ explain how certain drugs can affect the digestive tract.

## Activity 4-1: A Journey through the Intestine (Peristalsis) – Activity Report Answer Key

• Sample answers to these questions will be provided upon request. Please send an email to teachers-requests@ck12.org to request sample answers.
1. Which type of hand movements were most effective in mixing and moving the chyme along the tube?
2. Describe what happened when you added the coloring agent and the food item.
3. Design a follow-up activity to extend your knowledge of peristalsis. (Use the back of this sheet if necessary).

What Passes across a Membrane? Students determine the sizes of four molecules-water, glucose, an amino acid, and starch-based on their ability to pass through different membranes with different-sized pores. They answer a series of questions to help them reach and justify their conclusions.

## Activity 4-2: A Journey through the Intestine (Villi)

### PLAN

Summary Students investigate the structural and functional characteristics of the small intestine through observations of an animal's small intestine. They explore how to increase surface area, make a model of the human intestine, look at slides of cross sections of intestines, and measure a rectangular area representative of the surface area of the small intestine.

Objectives

Students:

$\checkmark$ describe the function and structure of the small intestine.

$\checkmark$ explain the function and structure of the villi of the small intestine.

$\checkmark$ observe the intestinal structures of different animals.

$\checkmark$ calculate the surface area of the small intestine.

$\checkmark$ explain the relationship between surface area and the efficient absorption of nutrients.

Student Materials

• Activity Report
• Slides of intestine showing villi, and epithelial cells. (Electron micro-graphs of microvilli from textbooks); Microscope; Model or diagram of human digestive tract; Corrugated box cardboard; Sheep, pig, or cattle intestine; Butcher paper and/or adding machine paper; Scissors, markers, tape, ruler; Calculator; Scalpel or razor blade; Gloves (latex or plastic)

Teacher Materials

• Model or diagram of human digestive tract

Order the intestines (pig, sheep, or cattle) from a packinghouse or a local grocery store or butcher. Order the microscope slides of the intestine. Buy adding machine paper or cut strips of butcher paper. Collect corrugated cardboard and string.

Estimated Time Two 50-minute periods

Prerequisites and Background Information

It is helpful if students know how to calculate the circumference of a circle although it is possible to learn about the concept of surface area of the intestines without having this skill.

A videotape titled Design for Living emphasizes the efficiency of the human body. One particular sequence shows the villi and how their structure provides a large surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients. Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Inc., Box 2053, Princeton, NJ 08543

### IMPLEMENT

Introduce Activity 4-2 by reviewing safety rules for working with dissection specimens. Wear gloves as you set up the necessary equipment.

Day 1

Steps 1-2 Cut sections of the intestine just before passing them out to students for dissection. The yellowish fluid, the chyme, oozes out of the ends and starts to dry up. Set up all the necessary equipment for the dissection of the intestine.

Rinse and pat dry the intestine. Then cut it into pieces of desired lengths.

Step 3 Set up microscopes for viewing slides of the cross sections of the intestinal tissue.

Day 2

Steps 4-6 Make available the materials for the intestinal model. Cut squares of corrugated cardboard of approximately $7 \ cm \times 7 \ cm$.

This activity goes hand in hand with Activity 4-1: A Journey through the Intestine (Peristalsis).

### ASSESS

Use the completion of the activity and written responses on the Activity Report to assess if students can

$\checkmark$ describe the structure and function of the small intestine, including the villi.

$\checkmark$ relate the total surface area of the intestine to the total number of villi present.

$\checkmark$ explain how the folded structure of the villi increases the surface area available for food absorption.

$\checkmark$ explain the relationship between surface area and the efficient absorption of nutrients.

$\checkmark$ build a model and calculate the surface area of the small intestine.

## Activity 4-2: A Journey through the Intestine (Villi) – Activity Report Answer Key

• Sample answers to these questions will be provided upon request. Please send an email to teachers-requests@ck12.org to request sample answers.
1. How does the inside surface of the intestine feel? Why?
2. Describe and sketch the corrugated cardboard square both before and after it has been flattened.
3. How is your intestinal lining like the cardboard? Why is this important?
4. What do you think would happen if part of the approximately 5-meter-long small intestine were removed?
5. Draw 3 or 4 of the villi that you see under the microscope. How are they designed for efficient nutrient absorption?
6. It has been said that the small intestine is an engineering masterpiece. Explain.
7. Many animals, like wolves, have a keen sense of smell. They have many more sense receptors than dogs, yet their noses are similar in size. How can all those receptors fit into a limited space?

A suggested response will be provided upon request. Please send an email to teachers-requests@ck12.org.

Why do health workers not just run water into your blood through the IV?

Drawing the Actions of the Digestive System Students create three drawings of the actions of the digestive system that are analogous to the steps involved in recycling old cars.

• Sample answers to these questions will be provided upon request. Please send an email to teachers-requests@ck12.org to request sample answers.
1. What is peristalsis and how does it help you process food in the small intestine?
2. What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
3. When a person has had his or her gall bladder removed, which digestive process will be affected? How will that process be affected?
4. What is bile? What role does it play in digestion?
5. Why don't the digestive enzymes of the pancreas digest the pancreas?
6. What is osmosis?
7. Why is the liver important? Explain five important functions of your liver.

## Activity 4-1 Report: A Journey through the Intestine (Peristalsis) (Student Reproducible)

1. Which type of hand movements were most effective in mixing and moving the chyme along the tube?

2. Describe what happened when you added the coloring agent and the food item.

3. Design a follow-up activity to extend your knowledge of peristalsis. (Use the back of this sheet if necessary.)

## Activity 4-2 Report: A Journey through the Intestine (Villi) (Student Reproducible)

1. How does the inside surface of the intestine feel? Why?

2. Describe and sketch the corrugated cardboard square both before and after it has been flattened.

3. How is your intestinal lining like the cardboard? Why is this important?

4. What do you think would happen if part of the approximately 5-meter-long small intestine were removed?

5. Draw 3 or 4 of the villi that you see under the microscope. How are they designed for efficient nutrient absorption?

6. It has been said that the small intestine is an engineering masterpiece. Explain.

7. Many animals, like wolves, have a keen sense of smell. They have many more sense receptors than dogs, yet their noses are similar in size. How can all those receptors fit into a limited space?

6 , 7 , 8

## Date Created:

Feb 23, 2012

Apr 29, 2014
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# Tag Info

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doubly linked list can be sorted by heapsort with O(nlogn) time, O(1) space complexity, but not singly linked-list. merge sort can apply to singly linked list with O(nlogn) time, O(n) space complexity.

2

When $n = 2^h-1$, the heap is just a complete binary tree of height $h$. Clearly $C_0 = C_1 = 1$. For $h > 1$, we can decompose the heap as follows: The root must be 1. Each of the two children are heaps of size $2^{h-1}-1$ on their respective values. The $2^h-2$ values other than the root can be divided arbitrarily to the two children (each gets exactly ...

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The definition you give looks like the definition of a complete tree. With the restriction that nodes are in $[\![1, 2^h-1]\!]$, then it is also a perfect tree of height $h$. Instead of looking at the leaves, you should look at the root of the tree: since the tree is perfect, it has two children of size $2^{h-1}-1$ (this is how $C_{h-1}$ appears). You just ...

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Let $D(i)$ denote the number of descendants of the $i$th node. In a min-heap, all $D(i)$ nodes below node $i$ must have a larger value than node $i$. Hence, the $n-D(i)$ largest values $n-D(i)+1,\ldots,n$ cannot be put in node $i$. It turns out that $n-D(i)$ can be put in node $i$, and so the maximum possible value for node $i$ is $n-D(i)$. To see how ...

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## Elementary and Intermediate Algebra: Concepts & Applications (6th Edition)

$$12960.29$$
Using the equation for interest given in exercise 105 as instructed, we find: $$F=P(1+r)^t \\ F=10400\left(1+0.045\right)^5 \\ F=10400\cdot \:1.24618\dots \\ F=12960.29$$


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Outlook: LENDLEASE GROUP is assigned short-term Ba1 & long-term Ba1 estimated rating.
Dominant Strategy : Wait until speculative trend diminishes
Time series to forecast n: 06 Jan 2023 for (n+1 year)
Methodology : Modular Neural Network (Emotional Trigger/Responses Analysis)

Abstract

LENDLEASE GROUP prediction model is evaluated with Modular Neural Network (Emotional Trigger/Responses Analysis) and Pearson Correlation1,2,3,4 and it is concluded that the LLC stock is predictable in the short/long term. According to price forecasts for (n+1 year) period, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Wait until speculative trend diminishes

Key Points

1. How do you pick a stock?
2. What is Markov decision process in reinforcement learning?
3. How do you pick a stock?

LLC Target Price Prediction Modeling Methodology

We consider LENDLEASE GROUP Decision Process with Modular Neural Network (Emotional Trigger/Responses Analysis) where A is the set of discrete actions of LLC stock holders, F is the set of discrete states, P : S × F × S → R is the transition probability distribution, R : S × F → R is the reaction function, and γ ∈ [0, 1] is a move factor for expectation.1,2,3,4

F(Pearson Correlation)5,6,7= $\begin{array}{cccc}{p}_{a1}& {p}_{a2}& \dots & {p}_{1n}\\ & ⋮\\ {p}_{j1}& {p}_{j2}& \dots & {p}_{jn}\\ & ⋮\\ {p}_{k1}& {p}_{k2}& \dots & {p}_{kn}\\ & ⋮\\ {p}_{n1}& {p}_{n2}& \dots & {p}_{nn}\end{array}$ X R(Modular Neural Network (Emotional Trigger/Responses Analysis)) X S(n):→ (n+1 year) $\begin{array}{l}\int {r}^{s}\mathrm{rs}\end{array}$

n:Time series to forecast

p:Price signals of LLC stock

j:Nash equilibria (Neural Network)

k:Dominated move

a:Best response for target price

For further technical information as per how our model work we invite you to visit the article below:

How do AC Investment Research machine learning (predictive) algorithms actually work?

LLC Stock Forecast (Buy or Sell) for (n+1 year)

Sample Set: Neural Network
Stock/Index: LLC LENDLEASE GROUP
Time series to forecast n: 06 Jan 2023 for (n+1 year)

According to price forecasts for (n+1 year) period, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Wait until speculative trend diminishes

X axis: *Likelihood% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the event will occur.)

Y axis: *Potential Impact% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the price will deviate.)

Z axis (Grey to Black): *Technical Analysis%

IFRS Reconciliation Adjustments for LENDLEASE GROUP

1. An entity's business model refers to how an entity manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. That is, the entity's business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling financial assets or both. Consequently, this assessment is not performed on the basis of scenarios that the entity does not reasonably expect to occur, such as so-called 'worst case' or 'stress case' scenarios. For example, if an entity expects that it will sell a particular portfolio of financial assets only in a stress case scenario, that scenario would not affect the entity's assessment of the business model for those assets if the entity reasonably expects that such a scenario will not occur. If cash flows are realised in a way that is different from the entity's expectations at the date that the entity assessed the business model (for example, if the entity sells more or fewer financial assets than it expected when it classified the assets), that does not give rise to a prior period error in the entity's financial statements (see IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors) nor does it change the classification of the remaining financial assets held in that business model (ie those assets that the entity recognised in prior periods and still holds) as long as the entity considered all relevant information that was available at the time that it made the business model assessment.
2. Lifetime expected credit losses are generally expected to be recognised before a financial instrument becomes past due. Typically, credit risk increases significantly before a financial instrument becomes past due or other lagging borrower-specific factors (for example, a modification or restructuring) are observed. Consequently when reasonable and supportable information that is more forward-looking than past due information is available without undue cost or effort, it must be used to assess changes in credit risk.
3. An entity has not retained control of a transferred asset if the transferee has the practical ability to sell the transferred asset. An entity has retained control of a transferred asset if the transferee does not have the practical ability to sell the transferred asset. A transferee has the practical ability to sell the transferred asset if it is traded in an active market because the transferee could repurchase the transferred asset in the market if it needs to return the asset to the entity. For example, a transferee may have the practical ability to sell a transferred asset if the transferred asset is subject to an option that allows the entity to repurchase it, but the transferee can readily obtain the transferred asset in the market if the option is exercised. A transferee does not have the practical ability to sell the transferred asset if the entity retains such an option and the transferee cannot readily obtain the transferred asset in the market if the entity exercises its option
4. When rebalancing a hedging relationship, an entity shall update its analysis of the sources of hedge ineffectiveness that are expected to affect the hedging relationship during its (remaining) term (see paragraph B6.4.2). The documentation of the hedging relationship shall be updated accordingly.

*International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adjustment process involves reviewing the company's financial statements and identifying any differences between the company's current accounting practices and the requirements of the IFRS. If there are any such differences, neural network makes adjustments to financial statements to bring them into compliance with the IFRS.

Conclusions

LENDLEASE GROUP is assigned short-term Ba1 & long-term Ba1 estimated rating. LENDLEASE GROUP prediction model is evaluated with Modular Neural Network (Emotional Trigger/Responses Analysis) and Pearson Correlation1,2,3,4 and it is concluded that the LLC stock is predictable in the short/long term. According to price forecasts for (n+1 year) period, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Wait until speculative trend diminishes

LLC LENDLEASE GROUP Financial Analysis*

Rating Short-Term Long-Term Senior
Outlook*Ba1Ba1
Income StatementCaa2Baa2
Balance SheetCC
Leverage RatiosBaa2Caa2
Cash FlowBa1C
Rates of Return and ProfitabilityBaa2B1

*Financial analysis is the process of evaluating a company's financial performance and position by neural network. It involves reviewing the company's financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, as well as other financial reports and documents.
How does neural network examine financial reports and understand financial state of the company?

Prediction Confidence Score

Trust metric by Neural Network: 88 out of 100 with 461 signals.

References

1. V. Konda and J. Tsitsiklis. Actor-Critic algorithms. In Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 12, pages 1008–1014, 2000
2. E. Altman. Constrained Markov decision processes, volume 7. CRC Press, 1999
3. Çetinkaya, A., Zhang, Y.Z., Hao, Y.M. and Ma, X.Y., Can stock prices be predicted?(SMI Index Stock Forecast). AC Investment Research Journal, 101(3).
4. Bengio Y, Schwenk H, Senécal JS, Morin F, Gauvain JL. 2006. Neural probabilistic language models. In Innovations in Machine Learning: Theory and Applications, ed. DE Holmes, pp. 137–86. Berlin: Springer
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7. Vapnik V. 2013. The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Berlin: Springer
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A: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Wait until speculative trend diminishes LLC Stock.
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Q: What is the consensus rating of LLC stock?
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A: The prediction period for LLC is (n+1 year)


text:
+0

# determine all restrictions

+1
232
3
+36

determine all restrictions

sin x/cos x (2cosx-1)

Sort:

#1
+5589
+2

Is this the question:   $$\frac{\sin x}{\cos x} (2\cos x -1 )$$

Or

Is this the question:   $$\frac{\sin x}{\cos x (2\cos x -1)}$$

hectictar  Apr 13, 2017
#2
+36
+1

the second one

#3
+5589
+2

The restrictions are all x values that cause the denominator to = 0.

So, set the denominator = 0 and solve for x.

$$\frac{\sin x}{\cos x (2\cos x -1)}$$

cos x (2 cos x - 1) = 0

Set each factor = 0

Either...    cos x = 0     ...or...       2 cos x - 1 = 0

cos x = 0

x = arccos(0)

x = π/2 + π * n, where n is an integer

2 cos x - 1 = 0

2 cos x = 1

cos x = 1/2

x = arccos(1/2)

x = π/3 + 2π * n   and    x = 5π/3 + 2π * n, where n is an integer

So.. the restrictions are:

x ≠ π/2 + π * n

x ≠ π/3 + 2π * n

x ≠ 5π/3 + 2π * n     , where n is an integer

*Thank you very much CPhill for the correction.*

hectictar  Apr 13, 2017
edited by hectictar  Apr 13, 2017

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text:
# Fixed point theorem!!

#### evinda

##### Well-known member
MHB Site Helper
Hello!!! I have a question.
Let $\varphi:[-1,1] \to [-1,1]$ with $L=0.8$ at $[-1,1]$, $\varphi$ has a unique fixed point $x^{*}$ and the sequence $(x_{n})$ with $x_{n+1}=\varphi(x_{n}) ,n=0,1,2,....$ is well defined and coverges to $x^{*}$ for any $x_{0} \in [-1,1]$.Then if the 9th approximation is $x_{9}=0.37282$ and the 10th is $x_{10}=0.37382$,we can say for sure that:
1) $|x_{10}-x^{*}|<0.005$
2) $|x_{10}-x^{*}|<0.001$
3) $|x_{10}-x^{*}|<0.002$

I used the formula $|x_{10}-x^{*}|\leq\frac{L}{1-L}|x_{n}-x_{n-1}|$ and found that $|x_{10}-x^{*}|\leq 0.004$.Is this right???So,is 1) the right answer?

#### Klaas van Aarsen

##### MHB Seeker
Staff member
Hello!!! I have a question.
Let $\varphi:[-1,1] \to [-1,1]$ with $L=0.8$ at $[-1,1]$, $\varphi$ has a unique fixed point $x^{*}$ and the sequence $(x_{n})$ with $x_{n+1}=\varphi(x_{n}) ,n=0,1,2,....$ is well defined and coverges to $x^{*}$ for any $x_{0} \in [-1,1]$.Then if the 9th approximation is $x_{9}=0.37282$ and the 10th is $x_{10}=0.37382$,we can say for sure that:
1) $|x_{10}-x^{*}|<0.005$
2) $|x_{10}-x^{*}|<0.001$
3) $|x_{10}-x^{*}|<0.002$

I used the formula $|x_{10}-x^{*}|\leq\frac{L}{1-L}|x_{n}-x_{n-1}|$ and found that $|x_{10}-x^{*}|\leq 0.004$.Is this right???So,is 1) the right answer?
Yep. All correct!

MHB Site Helper