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# Remote display in python? [Ask Astrobetter]

by on December 31, 2012

The question:  “How can I remotely display python graphics windows?”

The backstory:  I’m gotten used to the nifty interactive graphics of matplotlib in ipython.  But here it is New Year’s Eve and I’m working from home.  I need to ssh in to my desktop, run python, and remotely display the python graphics windows to my laptop.  This is easy to do in, say, gnuplot (ssh in, and “set terminal x11″), but an hour into reading horrible python docs and stackoverflow, I can’t figure out how to remotely display a python window.

A promising avenue, matplotlib.use(‘GTK’) failed because I can’t get pygtk to install.

1 John December 31, 2012 at 12:51 pm

Without knowing a little more detail about your setup, it’s hard to be completely concrete. But: basically any matplotlib interactive backend with the exception of “macosx” should work easily over an X11 connection. In other words, if:

1. You have a X server running on your laptop (which you do, if you can run gnuplot);
2. You have X11 forwarding enabled in SSH (as above);
3. When sitting at your desktop, which isn’t a Mac, you can use matplotlib interactively,

then everything should “just work”.

If your desktop is a Mac, you will probably need to switch the backend to something non-default. It’s a fair bet that the TkAgg backend is installed, and will work just as well as GTK. Try matplotlib.use(“TkAgg”), or, equivalently, invoking:

$ipython –pylab=tk If that doesn’t help, maybe you could provide some more details about the platform your running on and what, if any, errors are reported. Reply 2 Meg Schwamb December 31, 2012 at 1:25 pm Hi I was using python remotely from my work desktop on my mac last night and it was displaying images the graphics over the connection. I didn’t do anything different than what I normally do to log in and forward the display. It sounds more like an X11 forwarding issue possibly. Does showing doing something like xlogo & in the remote terminal pop up a little white window? If not then you’re not forwarding the X11 along for all programs not just python. Happy New Year, ~Meg Reply 3 Yannick December 31, 2012 at 1:28 pm Have you tried to use your local ipython but connecting it to the remote ipython kernel via ssh as explained there? → http://wiki.ipython.org/Cookbook/Connecting_to_a_remote_kernel_via_ssh Reply 4 Adam Ginsburg December 31, 2012 at 5:43 pm I think this only works for graphical ipython frontends, i.e. qt console or notebook. @Jane, ipython notebooks are one really nice way to interact with a remote machine, but I don’t think this method will work if you want the terminal version of ipython (or if you have ipython <=0.11) 5 Jim December 31, 2012 at 1:32 pm I got weary of solving this over and over again from operating system to operating system. So I switched to a remote desktop option. It is not the most efficient if your home internet gets dropouts. But it works for a quick look. Typically, I prefer to just mirror the data from home and work, and run the applications on the home system. Reply 6 Jane December 31, 2012 at 1:32 pm Desktop and laptop are both macs. X11 and forwarding are working fine (“xterm&” makes a new window on the laptop.)$ ipython –pylab=tk gives me the entire ipython help menu, and then “WARNING: Error in Arguments: “Argument ‘-pylab=tk’ occurs multiple times”.

While matplotlib.use(“TkAgg”) produces this amusing error within ipython:
In [12]: pylab.plot(x.y)
Out[12]: [matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x102e3ef50>]

7 John December 31, 2012 at 1:49 pm

First off: note that you need two hyphens in front of the “pylab” argument to IPython. It looks like the two dashes in my example above have been munged into an en-dash, which won’t work if you copy and paste. That said, it’s possible your version of IPython is too old for this syntax anyway.

Anyway, the output (not an error!) you quote looks fine. Following the commands above, try simply entering “pylab.show()” — does that do anything?

8 Jane December 31, 2012 at 1:59 pm

“Does that do anything?” Yup, it brings up a plot on the desktop. (I checked by VNC…)

9 John December 31, 2012 at 2:51 pm

Weird — no easy answer to that. Are you really running IPython/pylab with exactly the same environment (if possible, in the same terminal, and without running screen or similar) as you can successfully invoke an xterm and have it display on your laptop?

Try putting the following in a python script and running that in the same terminal:

import os
print “Display is: %s” % (os.environ['DISPLAY'],)
import matplotlib
print “Default backend is: %s” % (matplotlib.get_backend(),)
matplotlib.use(‘TkAgg’)
print “Backend is now: %s” % (matplotlib.get_backend(),)
from matplotlib import pyplot
pyplot.ioff()
pyplot.plot([1,2,3])
pyplot.show()

(save as eg test.py and invoke as “python test.py”). What’s the output?

10 Adam Ginsburg December 31, 2012 at 5:40 pm

@Jane, @John – I believe the X-forwarding issue has to do with how Tk was installed. You can compile Tk such that it uses Mac-native display windows. @Jane, what icon shows up when you run python? I think if it shows up as anything but part of X11, you can’t get it to forward, but I don’t know.

I always use VNC for python display, but I tend to run my interactive python terminal from a gnu-screen session, and ssh into my remote machine. So I enter my commands into my local terminal (which is faster and renders more nicely), but I see the graphics windows popping up on the remote machine.

11 John December 31, 2012 at 9:11 pm

> You can compile Tk such that it uses Mac-native display windows

And I’m sure he’s correctly identified the problem. So, Jane, that means your options are:

1. Recompile Tk so that it uses X11 rather than Quartz;
2. Use a different backend which uses X11 (GTK, WX, Qt or FLTK, I guess);
3. Forget X11, and just use VNC or similar.

Assuming you didn’t build Tk yourself to begin with but rather are relying on a package provided by somebody else, option 1 is likely tiresome (although see the note on Macports, below).

You’ve already tried option 2, and run into problems with getting GTK going. You could investigate the other toolkits, but I can’t promise which will be easier.

Given that you’ve already seen the plot appearing on your work desktop by VNC, I’m inclined to think that option 3 is the easiest in the short term, at least.

By the way, if you happened to use Macports (see Astrobetter posts passim) to configure your system, switching Tk to use X11 is a snap. All you need is:

\$ sudo port upgrade –enforce-variants tk -quartz +x11

12 Adam Ginsburg January 1, 2013 at 11:41 am

BTW, I checked, and non-X11 screen forwarding seems impossible: http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/76422/display-forwarding-for-non-x-programs

13 TMB January 3, 2013 at 1:48 am

Related question… anyone have a suggestion how to get pyraf to use an X11-forwardable backend when run on a mac?

14 Carlos January 1, 2013 at 4:21 pm

Hi Jane,

Did you try the WX device (backend) already. It seems to work just fine for me. “import matplotlib; matplotlib.use(‘wx’); import matplotlib.pyplot as plt; plt.plot(x,y); plt.show()”. Also, please, try to connect using the ‘-Y’ option for your SSH connection in place of the usual ‘-X’.
Hope it helps.

Happy new year from Brazil
[]

15 Carlos January 1, 2013 at 4:23 pm

* First frase == question (?)
Sorry.

16 Colette May 3, 2013 at 9:08 pm

Did anyone ever figure this out? I’m now trying the same and appear to be having the exact same issues as Jane. I’m running a MacPorts installation that uses native Mac displays which cannot be forwarded. So I’m unable to display matplotlib graphics via ssh. Tried several of the suggestions above but also no luck. I’m still resisting the VNC option and don’t quite know enough to do something more clever than installing a pre-packaged python like the MacPorts version.

17 Jim Doyle November 17, 2013 at 2:06 am

Yes, it works for me.

I’m using tightvncserver on a Raspberry Pi. I used this as a test – works fine – saw the plot on my Windows Vista based vnc client… the matplotlib.use(‘GTK’) might be key. I started ipython like this:
the –pylab option is key!

root@Raspyfi:/usr/bin/X11# ipython –pylab

then:
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: import matplotlib
In [3]: matplotlib.use(‘GTK’)
In [4]: x=np.linspace(0,3*np.pi, 500)
In [5]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
In [6]: plt.plot(x, np.sin(x**2))


text:
2019
Том 71
№ 6

# Silov $р$-subgroups of an even symmetrical group

Ivanyuta I. D.

Abstract

A plexus of substitution groups was used to describe all Silov p-subgroups of an even symmetrical group. The power of a set of isomorphics proved equal to a continuum. Each of them is characterized by certain invariants — namely, by some whole p-adic number and a certain invariant which is a finite or countable cardinal number.

Citation Example: Ivanyuta I. D. Silov $р$-subgroups of an even symmetrical group // Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1963. - 15, № 3. - pp. 240-249.

Full text

format: plain


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## 12.3 Quantum errors

The most general qubit-environment interaction is of the form \begin{aligned} |0\rangle|e\rangle &\longmapsto |0\rangle|e_{00}\rangle + |1\rangle|e_{01}\rangle \\|1\rangle|e\rangle &\longmapsto |1\rangle|e_{10}\rangle + |0\rangle|e_{11}\rangle \end{aligned} where the states of the environment are neither normalised nor orthogonal. This leads to decoherence \begin{aligned} \Big( \alpha|0\rangle + \beta|1\rangle \Big) |e\rangle \longmapsto & \Big( \alpha|0\rangle + \beta|1\rangle \Big) \frac{|e_{00}\rangle+|e_{11}\rangle}{2} \\+& \Big( \alpha|0\rangle - \beta|1\rangle \Big) \frac{|e_{00}\rangle-|e_{11}\rangle}{2} \\+& \Big( \alpha|1\rangle + \beta|0\rangle \Big) \frac{|e_{01}\rangle+|e_{10}\rangle}{2} \\+& \Big( \alpha|1\rangle - \beta|0\rangle \Big) \frac{|e_{01}\rangle-|e_{10}\rangle}{2}. \end{aligned} which can be written as |\psi\rangle|e\rangle \longmapsto \mathbf{1}|\psi\rangle|e_{\mathbf{1}}\rangle + Z|\psi\rangle |e_Z\rangle +X|\psi\rangle |e_X\rangle + Y|\psi\rangle |e_Y\rangle.

The intuition behind this expression is that four things can happen to the qubit:

1. nothing (\mathbf{1})
2. phase-flip (Z)
3. bit-flip (X)
4. both bit-flip and phase-flip (Y).

This is certainly the case when the states |e_{\mathbf{1}}\rangle, |e_X\rangle, |e_Y\rangle and |e_Z\rangle are mutually orthogonal, but if this is not so then we cannot perfectly distinguish between the four alternatives.

The important thing is the discretisation of errors, and the fact that we can reduce quantum errors in this scenario to two types: bit-flip errors X, and phase-flip errors Z.

In general, given n qubits in state |\psi\rangle, and an environment in state |e\rangle, the joint evolution can be expanded as206 |\psi\rangle|e\rangle \longmapsto \sum_{i=1}^{4^n} E_i|\psi\rangle|e_i\rangle, where the E_i are the n-fold tensor products of the Pauli operators and the |e_i\rangle are the corresponding states of the environment (which, again, are not assumed to be normalised or mutually orthogonal). For example, in the case n=5, a typical operator E_i may look like X\otimes Z \otimes \mathbf{1}\otimes \mathbf{1}\otimes Y \equiv XZ\mathbf{1}\mathbf{1}Y. We say that such an E_i represents an error consisting of the bit (X) error on the first qubit, phase (Z) error on the second qubit and both bit and phase (Y) error on the fifth qubit. Again, this is not entirely accurate if the corresponding states of the environment are not mutually orthogonal, but it gives the right kind of intuition nonetheless.

Of course, we can always pick an orthonormal basis |u_j\rangle of the environment and express the system-environment evolution as \begin{aligned} |\psi\rangle|e\rangle \longmapsto &\sum_{i,j} E_i|\psi\rangle|u_j\rangle\langle u_j|e_i\rangle \\&= \sum_{j}\Big( \sum_i \langle u_j|e_i\rangle E_i\Big)|\psi\rangle|u_j\rangle \\&= \sum_j M_j|\psi\rangle|u_j\rangle. \end{aligned} The new “error” operators M_j satisfy \sum_j M_j^\dagger M_j =\mathbf{1} but are not, in general, unitary. Now, the evolution of the density operator |\psi\rangle\langle\psi| can be written as |\psi\rangle\langle\psi|\longmapsto \sum_j M_j|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| M_j^\dagger. Which particular errors you choose depends of your choice of the basis in the environment. If, instead of |u_j\rangle, you pick a different basis, say |v_k\rangle, then \begin{aligned} |\psi\rangle|e\rangle \longmapsto &\sum_j M_j|\psi\rangle|u_j\rangle \\&= \sum_j M_j |\psi\rangle\sum_k|v_k\rangle\langle v_k|u_j\rangle \\&= \sum_k \Big(\sum_j \langle v_k|u_j\rangle M_j \Big)|\psi\rangle|v_k\rangle \\&= \sum_k N_k|\psi\rangle|v_k\rangle, \end{aligned} and, consequently, |\psi\rangle\langle\psi|\longmapsto \sum_k N_k|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| N_k^\dagger. The new “errors” still satisfy \sum_k N_k^\dagger N_k = \mathbf{1}, and the error operators N_k and M_j are related by the unitary matrix U_{kj}=\langle v_k|u_j\rangle.

1. The sum is from i=1 to 4^n because there are 4^n different (tensor products of) Pauli operators acting on n qubits.↩


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# Constrained for a prime divisor implies not simple non-abelian

(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

## Statement

Suppose $G$ is a finite group and $p$ is prime divisor of the order of $G$. Then, if $G$ is a p-constrained group, $G$ cannot be a simple non-abelian group.

## Definitions used

### p-constrained group

Further information: P-constrained group (?)

Suppose $G$ is a finite group and $P$ is a $p$-Sylow subgroup. We say that $G$ is $p$-constrained if we have:

$C_G(P) \le O_{p',p}(G)$.

## Facts used

1. Prime power order implies not centerless

## Proof

Given: A finite group $G$, a prime divisor $p$ of the order of $G$. $G$ is $p$-constrained.

To prove: $G$ is not a simple non-abelian group.

Proof: Since $p$ divides the order of $G$, there exists a nontrivial $p$-Sylow subgroup $P$ of $G$. By fact (1), $Z(P)$ is nontrivial, so the centralizer $C_G(P)$, which contains $Z(P)$ is nontrivial. Thus, by the definition of $p$-constrained, we have that $O_{p',p}(G)$ is nontrivial. Thus, it is a nontrivial normal subgroup of $G$, so we have $O_{p',p}(G) = G$.

Consider $N = O_{p'}(G)$. If $N$ is trivial, then $G = O_{p',p}(G)/O_{p'}(G)$ is a $p$-group, and hence by fact (1), $Z(G)$ is a nontrivial normal subgroup, forcing $Z(G) = G$, forcing $G$ to be abelian.

On the other hand, if $O_{p'}(G) = G$, then $p$ does not divide the order of $G$, a contradiction.


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## Inequalities and monotonicity properties for the gamma function.(English)Zbl 0985.33003

After an extensive survey of previous results by the authors and others, they offer the inequalities $\Gamma[1+x+(1/x)]/2\leq \Gamma(1+x)\Gamma[1+(1/x)]<\Gamma[1+x+(1/x)]$ $$(x>0;$$ equality on the left at $$x=1$$), counter examples to the left inequality for more terms and factors, and proof of a weakened form of that generalization.

### MSC:

 33B15 Gamma, beta and polygamma functions
Full Text:

### References:

 [1] Abramowitz, M.; Stegun (Eds.), I.A., Handbook of mathematical functions, (1964), National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC [2] Alzer, H., Some gamma function inequalities, Math. comp., 60, 337-346, (1993) · Zbl 0802.33001 [3] Alzer, H., On some inequalities for the gamma and psi functions, Math. comp., 66, 373-389, (1997) · Zbl 0854.33001 [4] Alzer, H., On Bernstein’s inequality for ultraspherical polynomials, Arch. math., 69, 487-490, (1997) · Zbl 0912.33004 [5] Alzer, H., A harmonic Mean inequality for the gamma function, J. comput. appl. math., 87, 195-198, (1997) · Zbl 0888.33001 [6] Bustoz, J.; Ismail, M.E.M., On gamma function inequalities, Math. comp., 47, 659-667, (1986) · Zbl 0607.33002 [7] Durand, L., Nicholson-type integrals for products of Gegenbauer functions and related topics, (), 353-374 [8] Erdélyi, A.; Magnus, W.; Oberhettinger, F.; Tricomi, F.G., Higher transcendental functions, vol. 1, (1953), McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc New York, Toronto, London · Zbl 0052.29502 [9] Gautschi, W., Some elementary inequalities relating to the gamma and incomplete gamma function, J. math. phys., 38, 77-81, (1959) · Zbl 0094.04104 [10] Gautschi, W., A harmonic Mean inequality for the gamma function, SIAM J. math. anal., 5, 278-281, (1974) · Zbl 0239.33002 [11] Gautschi, W., Some Mean value inequalities for the gamma function, SIAM J. math. anal., 5, 282-292, (1974) · Zbl 0239.33003 [12] Gautschi, W., The incomplete gamma functions Since Tricomi, Atti convegni lincei roma (Proceedings of international meeting, Tricomi’s ideas and contemporary applied mathematics, Rome 28-29/11/1997 and Turin 1-2/12/1997), 147, 203-237, (1998) · Zbl 0965.33001 [13] Giordano, C.; Laforgia, A.; Pečarić, J., Unified treatment of gautschi – kershaw type inequalities for the gamma function, J. comput. appl. math., 99, 166-175, (1998) · Zbl 0932.33001 [14] Giordano, C.; Laforgia, A.; Pečarić, J., Monotonicity properties for some functions involving the ratio of two gamma functions, (), 35-42 [15] Ismail, M.E.H.; Muldoon, M.E., Inequalities and monotonicity properties for gamma and q-gamma functions, (), 309-323 · Zbl 0819.33001 [16] H.H. Kairies, An inequality for Krull solutions of a certain difference equation, in: E.F. Beckenbach, W. Walter (Eds.), ISNM General Inequalities, Vol. 3, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1983, pp. 277-280. · Zbl 0517.39001 [17] Kershaw, D., Some extensions of W. Gautschi’s inequalities for the gamma function, Math. comp., 41, 164, 607-611, (1983) · Zbl 0536.33002 [18] Laforgia, A., Further inequalities for the gamma function, Math. comp., 42, 166, 597-600, (1984) · Zbl 0536.33003 [19] Laforgia, A., A simple proof of the Bernstein inequality for ultraspherical polynomials, Boll. un. mat. ital., A (7) 6, 267-269, (1992) · Zbl 0753.33006 [20] Laforgia, A.; Sismondi, S., A geometric Mean inequality for the gamma function, Boll. un. mat. ital. A, (7) 3, 339-342, (1989) · Zbl 0686.33001 [21] Lorch, L., Inequalities for ultraspherical polynomials and the gamma function, J. approx. theory, 40, 115-120, (1984) · Zbl 0532.33007 [22] Merkle, M., Logarithmic convexity and inequalities for the gamma function, J. math. anal. appl., 203, 369-380, (1995) · Zbl 0860.33001 [23] Muldoon, M.E., Some monotonicity properties and characterizations of the gamma function, Aequationes math., 18, 54-63, (1978) · Zbl 0386.33001 [24] Palumbo, B., A generalization of some inequalities for the gamma function, J. comput. appl. math., 88, 2, 255-268, (1998) · Zbl 0902.33002 [25] G. Szegö, Orthogonal Polynomials, Amer. Math. Soc. Colloq. Publ., 4th Edition, Vol. 23, Providence, RI, 1975.
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. It attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming the completeness or perfect precision of the matching.


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# Test Prep for AP® Courses

28.
The trait for widow’s peak can be considered a monoallelic dominant trait in humans. If a man with a widow’s peak and a woman with a straight hairline have a child together, what is the probability that the child will inherit the widow’s peak if you know that the father’s mother had a straight hairline?
1. 0.25
2. 0.5
3. 0.75
4. 1
29.

Don’t like Brussels sprouts? Blame your genes. The chemical PTC (phenylthiocarbamide), which is nearly identical to a compound found in the cabbage family, tastes very bitter for some people. Others cannot detect a taste. The ability to taste PTC is incompletely dominant and is controlled by a gene on chromosome 7.A woman who finds Brussel sprouts mildly distasteful—in other words, who can taste PTC weakly—has a child with a man who hates Brussel sprouts—in other words, who can taste PTC strongly. What is the probability that their son likes Brussel sprouts—in other words, cannot taste PTC?

1. 0
2. 0.25
3. 0.5
4. 1
30.
Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes severe problems in neurons. Children who receive two copies of the gene rarely live beyond the age of five. There is no cure for the disease. During a genetic screening, a couple is told that both partners carry the recessive gene. What kind of issue must the couple confront?
1. scientific
2. financial
3. ethical
4. educational
31.

A couple has three daughters. What is the probability that the next child they have will be a daughter?

1. 0 percent
2. 25 percent
3. 50 percent
4. 100 percent
32.
What is the probability that a couple will have three daughters?
1. $1/2$
2. $1/3$
3. $1/6$
4. $1/8$
33.
Petunias can be blue, red, or violet. When a blue flower is crossed with a red flower, all the resulting flowers are violet. When a violet flower is crossed with a red flower, about half of the flowers are violet and half are red. How do you characterize the color trait?
1. complete dominance
2. codominance
3. incomplete dominance
34.

Petunias can be blue, red, or violet. When a blue flower is crossed with a red flower, all the resulting flowers are violet. Two violet petunias are crossed. Which is the most probable result of the cross?

1. 75 percent of the flowers are blue and 25 percent of the flowers are red
2. 50 percent of the flowers are blue and 50 percent of the flowers are red
3. 75 percent of the flowers are red and 25 percent are blue
4. 25 percent of the flowers are blue, 50 percent of the flowers are violet, and 25 percent of the flowers are red
35.
Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) with a wild-type phenotype have gray bodies and red eyes. Certain mutations can cause changes to these traits. Mutant flies may have a black body and/or cinnabar eyes. To study the genetics of these traits, a researcher crossed a true-breeding wild-typed male fly with a true-breeding female fly with a black body and cinnabar eyes. All of the F1 progeny displayed a wild type phenotype. Which of the following is correct about the traits observed?
1. Gray body and cinnabar eyes are dominant.
4. Gray body and red eyes are dominant.
36.

Female flies from the F1 generation were crossed with true-breeding male flies with black bodies and cinnabareyes. The table below represents the predicted outcome and the data obtained from the cross.

Figure 12.25

What was the assumption that lead to the predicted numbers?

1. The traits assort independently.
2. The traits are located on the X chromosome.
3. The traits are on the same chromosome.
4. The female flies were homozygous for wild type alleles.
37.

Cats can be black, yellow, or calico (black and yellow patches). Coat color is carried on the X chromosome. What type of inheritance is color coat in cats?

1. Codominance
2. Incomplete dominance


text:
Many tools optionally add an “Open with [Name of tool]” entry to the context menu of the Windows Explorer. Some others don’t, even though it would be useful. Here is how to do it yourself:

1. Open any text editor (Notepad will do)
2. Copy and paste the following text into it:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\Open with [DisplayName]\command]
@="[Path\\to\\executable] %1"

3. Replace [DisplayName] with the name of the tool.
4. Replace [Path\\to\\executable] with the full path of the executable to open. Not that you must replace all backslashes with a dual backslash for this to work.
5. Save the file as “Add-Open-with-MyTool-to-Context-Menu.reg”. Make sure that it is saved as a .reg file, not as a .txt file! (One of the annoyances of Notepad.)
6. Open the created file with a double click and let the Registry Editor add it to the Registry

## Examples:

### Open with (portable) Notepad++

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\Open with Notepad++\command]
@="C:\\PortableApps\\Notepad++Portable\\Notepad++Portable.exe %1"

Notepad++ is a free and powerful replacement for Notepad and can be downloaded from notepad-plus-plus.org.

### Open with (portable) HxD

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\Open with HxD\command]
@="C:\\PortableApps\\HxD\\HxD64.exe %1"

HxD is a free and powerful hex editor and can be downloaded from https://mh-nexus.de/en/hxd/.

## Created entries

The created entries look like this:


text:
Enable --shell-escape in TexMaker [closed] No preview available. 443 . With a &format argument pdfTeX uses adifferent set of precompiled commands, contained in format.fmt; it is usually better to use the -fmt formatoption instead. Hi everyone, I use Texmaker on a Mac. If you save this as a .tex-file and then compile this with pdflatex, the resulting .pdf-document should contain a single, non-impressive line:. If so, feel free to ask again. Texmaker includes unicode support, spell checking, auto-completion, code folding and a built-in pdf viewer with synctex support and continuous view mode. The following inputs are only valid if the input compiler is not changed. shell _ escape = p % No spaces in this command list. so i'm not an expert with latex and i'm working on something that requires me to enable shell escape. To use the asypictureB package, the.tex ﬁle should be run with shell-escape enabled: pdflatex -shell-escape hfilenamei [Note that latex, lualatex, etc. Instead ofa filename, a set of pdfTeX commands can be given, the first of which must start with a backslash. Although TeXmaker supports SyncTeX, the synctex information (in the .synctex.gz file) was originally designed to work only with .tex sources. This reflects things like … This inspired me to create the Web90 - TexMaker challenge.. TexMaker was a simple website where one could enter LaTeX code and the server would create a PDF file using pdflatex.You'll find similar services on the internet. For example, post_compile: "latexmk -c" to clean up temporary files. Enable shell escape in Miktex running from WinEdt I use Miktex 2.7 with Winedt for writing Latex documents. The man page tells you to call latex with -shell-escape. Instruct latexmk to use LuaLaTeX. If you're using another editor, I can check my other configs for the proper way to do it for a variety of editors. If you are using some sort of integrated editor (such as TeXShop, TeXWorks, TeXmaker, etc. This guide is suitable if you already have a well-developed Mendeley library that you would prefer to utilize rather than start entering references from scratch either manually or into … [hshelli] Use shell escape to automatically generate TEXcode using do2tex. Run the pdfTeX typesetter on file, usually creating file.pdf. Note that this opens a glaring security risk if you regularly open and compile documents you don't trust. Hi Niklas, this was a bug in the restoration of the state. Bear in mind that most journal-submission portals do not enable --shell-escape—unless you're allowed to upload only the output PDF of your manuscript, your LaTeX files containing markdown may not compile successfully when processed by the publisher's submission system. You should be able to open a file, for instance, one of the example files from the first LaTeX lecture. The problem was even worse, if you did not notice that and you could continue editing the .tex file instead of .Rnw! Export (png, jpg, gif, svg, pdf) and save & share with note system That is a rather vague statement. Enable --shell-escape in TexMaker [closed] No preview available. Instruct latexmk to enable --shell-escape. When enabled fully (set to % t), obviously insecure. In Texmaker, with the use of keyboard triggers, you can define an unlimited number of snippets. To enable Shell escape open Preferences, switch to the Typesetting pane and check the -shell-escape box. Texmaker is easy to use and to configure. No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more. Learn how to include a picture or an image in a LaTeX document. Using a high-speed Internet connection is recommended, as the installations files are large. I've fixed it (hg 4246 (e36e5edc783c)) and it will be part of the next release. To access a summary of pdfTeX's commandline options, run the following command, To access a summary of LuaTeX's commandline options, run the following command, To access a summary of XeTeX's commandline options, run the following command, Showing first {{hits.length}} results of {{hits_total}} for {{searchQueryText}}, {{hits.length}} results for {{searchQueryText}}, Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using polyglossia and fontspec, Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using babel and fontspec. If you’re new to TeX and LaTeX or just want an easy installation, geta full TeX distribution. In this blogpost I want to outline basic attacks against web based LaTeX compilers. On Windows , you can use the system-wide config file C:\latexmk\LatexMk (if the file doesn’t exist yet, just create a new text file with this name). I just updated my computer, and although I'm not sure it has anything to do with this, the spacing in the editor part of my Texmaker is off. latexmk_use_lualatex. 443 . I use “TexStudio” where I can modify those commands by going into “Options > Configure TexStudio > Commands” where I changed the following commands by adding -shell-escape: The RStudio Compile PDFcommand typesets the current TeX or Rnw source file into a PDF. [hnoshelli] Disable shell escape. TeXstudio - A LaTeX Editor An integrated writing environment for creating LaTeX documents Brought to you by: benibela, jsundermeyer , t_hoffmann. Portable Texmaker is a professional software solution, that can help you open, edit and compile TEX documents using LaTeX. % Enable system commands via \write18{...}. After commas and periods (but not exclamation points, colons, or semicolons), I'll hit the space key, but a … This is the default behavior. latex -record-package-usages=packages.txt test. You should be able to open a file, for instance, one of the example files from the first LaTeX lecture. In Winedt I did the following changes to enable shell-escape, allowing me to use automatic eps-pdf conversion. latex -record-package-usages=packages.txt test. The result was always the same: TeXmaker/editor opens the .tex file instead of .Rnw source. It includes the built-in PDF viewer and the 'Quick Build' command. In Winedt I did the following changes to enable shell-escape, allowing me to use automatic eps-pdf conversion. ), the 'set and forget' way of doing this is altering your global configuration file. I just updated my computer, and although I'm not sure it has anything to do with this, the spacing in the editor part of my Texmaker is off. This guide is suitable if you already have a well-developed Mendeley library that you would prefer to utilize rather than start entering references from scratch either manually or into … You might also be asking something like, "How do I get epstopdf to shell out?" I'm writing with just latex and not pdflatex and i'm also on a mac os. shell _ escape = p % No spaces in this command list. What editor are you using right now? 1 However, it is possible to completely erase your entire home directory from inside the Latex document. I have checked the previous issues, stack-overflow pages and tried the remedies. Portable Texmaker is a professional software solution, that can help you open, edit and compile TEX documents using LaTeX. You can also specify a custom LaTeX program by setting the RSTUDIO_PDFLATEX environment variable (see below for more details). To do so, you have to add -shell-escape to your command list for LaTex, PdfLaTex, XeLaTex, and LuaLaTex in your favourite tex editor. latexmk_shell_escape. latexmk_use_lualatex. This reflects things like … - Windows, using Miktex and Texmaker - A note for the Texmaker Quick Build command change: Yes, you need pdflatex that often. [hforceshelli] Force shell escape. I have checked the previous issues, stack-overflow pages and tried the remedies. You can search them by title, description or tags ... texmaker shell-escape. The RStudio Compile PDFcommand typesets the current TeX or Rnw source file into a PDF. (On the off-chance of TeXShop, see this TeX.SX post.). Run these commands (only the ﬁrst run needs -shell-escape): latex -shell-escape main.tex latex main.tex And here’s what you get: a b c ∗Thisdocumentcorrespondsto graphvizv0.94,dated2013/08/15. Texmaker is easy to use and to configure. Our Community-database contains thousands of handcrafted LaTeX-snippets. Should we enable shell-escape by default (i.e. Don't worry when the figures in the output document are substituted with a thin black-bordered hollow rectangle, see Pic 6.Compare Pic 6 with Pic 7. Enable shell escape in Miktex running from WinEdt I use Miktex 2.7 with Winedt for writing Latex documents. can be substituted for pdflatex, although you should make sure that the engine you use is compatible with whatever graphics formats your Asymptote pictures are compiled to.] The following inputs are only valid if the input compiler is not changed. You can also specify a custom LaTeX program by setting the RSTUDIO_PDFLATEX environment variable (see below for more details). However, it is possible to completely erase your entire home directory from inside the Latex document. latex -shell-escape is the shell command to use. It gives you the full asymptotic support. After commas and periods (but not exclamation points, colons, or semicolons), I'll hit the space key, but a … level 1 Arbitrary bash codes to be executed after compiling LaTeX documents. To use it, we include the following line in the preamble: \usepackage{graphicx} The command \graphicspath{ {./images/} } tells L a T e X that the images are kept in a folder named images under the directory of the main document.. \end{document} Instruct latexmk to use LuaLaTeX. Although TeXmaker supports SyncTeX, the synctex information (in the .synctex.gz file) was originally designed to work only with .tex sources. I cannot get the minted package working in VScode via LaTeX Workshop (it works in texmaker). The shell escape commands can even be embedded inside others for example the postscript environment I am about to introduce. Texmaker is a free, modern and cross-platform LaTeX editor for linux, macosx and windows systems that integrates many tools needed to develop documents with LaTeX, in just one application. Unrestricted shell escape commands and elevated privileges. 1 Texmaker includes unicode support, spell checking, auto-completion, code folding and a built-in pdf viewer with synctex support and continuous view mode. pdfTeX is a version of TeX, with the e-TeX extensions, that can create PDF files as well as DVIfiles. Rather than having to edit your BibTeX bibliographic entries manually, you can manage your references with a reference management program, such as Mendeley, and then export references in BibTeX format.. The package itself loads pst-pdf by default with the option notightpage, which makes it easier to define the bounding box of each image. If test.tex looks like this: \documentclass{scrartcl} \begin{document} Hello, world! Dadurch wird erlaubt während des kompilierens Aufrufe im Terminal (egal welcher Art) zu starten. Bear in mind that most journal-submission portals do not enable --shell-escape—unless you're allowed to upload only the output PDF of your manuscript, your LaTeX files containing markdown may not compile successfully when processed by the publisher's submission system. To use the asypictureB package, the.tex ﬁle should be run with shell-escape enabled: pdflatex -shell-escape hfilenamei [Note that latex, lualatex, etc. online LaTeX editor with autocompletion, highlighting and 400 math symbols. Instead ofa filename, a set of pdfTeX commands can be given, the first of which must start with a backslash. In DVImode, pdfTeX can b… to create the file packages.txt, which contains the names of the packages used by test.tex.. If you have shell-escape enabled please be sure of everything in the document you are compiling. This is the default behavior. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. RStudio is compatible with both the pdfLaTeX and XeLaTeXtypesetting engines. latexmk_shell_escape. Simply halts the process when it encounters an error instead of putting you in the odd interactive mode. This project can now be found here. In Texpad macOS 1.8, minted will be detected by Texpad automatically and a suggestion dialogue will be presented to you to this effect. - Windows, using Miktex and Texmaker - A note for the Texmaker Quick Build command change: Yes, you need pdflatex that often. When enabled partially (set to p), only the % commands listed in shell_escape_commands are allowed. I've fixed it (hg 4246 (e36e5edc783c)) and it will be part of the next release. Note that you can locally enable and disable shell escape for each dot2tex environment. A very quick guide to getting started with Texmaker What this handout is intended to do for you Using this handout, you should be able to start Texmaker using one of the School’s Scientific Linux 6 systems. There are a number of options you can specify to control this process, the most important of which is which LaTeX program you want to use for typesetting. I would suggest the '-halt-on-error' option. Cheers, Tim Am 20.01.2014 18:16, schrieb Niklas Nawrath: > Hey there, > > I have the Problem, that the internal pdf-viewer cannot be opened > maximized. TeXstudio - A LaTeX Editor An integrated writing environment for creating LaTeX documents Brought to you by: benibela, jsundermeyer , t_hoffmann. Cheers, Tim Am 20.01.2014 18:16, schrieb Niklas Nawrath: > Hey there, > > I have the Problem, that the internal pdf-viewer cannot be opened > maximized. The four steps for creating a document with a last pdflatex run are now done internally by the package. Latex can not manage images by itself, so we need to use the graphicx package. pdfTeX is a version of TeX, with the e-TeX extensions, that can create PDF files as well as DVIfiles. running potentially dangerous arbitrary command line programs from within the tex source code). In Texpad macOS 1.8, minted will be detected by Texpad automatically and a suggestion dialogue will be presented to you to this effect. Will run dot2tex on graphs even if they locally use the [hnoshelli] option. Hi everyone, I use Texmaker on a Mac. Will run dot2tex on graphs even if they locally use the [hnoshelli] option. running potentially dangerous arbitrary command line programs from within the tex source code). Hi Niklas, this was a bug in the restoration of the state. luatex pstricks overleaf. can be substituted for pdflatex, although you should make sure that the engine you use is compatible with whatever graphics formats your Asymptote pictures are compiled to.] On Windows , you can use the system-wide config file C:\latexmk\LatexMk (if the file doesn’t exist yet, just create a new text file with this name). But you could be asking "How do I get my editor to run latex as a shell escape-enabled version? A very quick guide to getting started with Texmaker What this handout is intended to do for you Using this handout, you should be able to start Texmaker using one of the School’s Scientific Linux 6 systems. What do you mean by shell escape? With this selected and with -synctex=1 in your LaTeX call, you can Shift-⌘-click in the preview window and jump directly to the corresponding source text in your editor! In this example I use the TeXMaker program. Das Externalisieren von TikZ-Bildern oder auch die Verwendung des Pakets epstopdf erfordert den Aufruf von LaTeX mit Option --shell-escape. The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. It includes the built-in PDF viewer and the 'Quick Build' command. To use it, we include the following line in the preamble: \usepackage{graphicx} The command \graphicspath{ {./images/} } tells L a T e X that the images are kept in a folder named images under the directory of the main document.. If you're using Emacs, you'll need to add (LaTeX-command "latex -shell-escape") to your configuration. The Texmaker includes 37O mathematical symbols, which can be inserted in just one click. When enabled fully (set to % t), obviously insecure. RStudio is compatible with both the pdfLaTeX and XeLaTeXtypesetting engines. Where can i do that? An online LaTeX editor that's easy to use. If the file argument has no extension, ".tex" will be appended to it. The shell escape commands can even be embedded inside others for example the postscript environment I am about to introduce. Don't worry when the figures in the output document are substituted with a thin black-bordered hollow rectangle, see Pic 6.Compare Pic 6 with Pic 7. This inspired me to create the Web90 - TexMaker challenge.. TexMaker was a simple website where one could enter LaTeX code and the server would create a PDF file using pdflatex.You'll find similar services on the internet. I cannot get the minted package working in VScode via LaTeX Workshop (it works in texmaker). [hshelli] Use shell escape to automatically generate TEXcode using do2tex. Note that you can locally enable and disable shell escape for each dot2tex environment. Run these commands (only the ﬁrst run needs -shell-escape): latex -shell-escape main.tex latex main.tex And here’s what you get: a b c ∗Thisdocumentcorrespondsto graphvizv0.94,dated2013/08/15. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, Looks like you're using new Reddit on an old browser. For MiKTeX 2.9 and Texmaker This document provides detailed instructions on downloading and installing MiKTeX and Texmaker, the two recommended software packages needed to create LaTeX documents. For example, post_compile: "latexmk -c" to clean up temporary files. latex -shell-escape is the shell command to use. The Texmaker includes 37O mathematical symbols, which can be inserted in just one click. If you mean escaping when processing the document fails. d) Configure TeX so that shell escape is allowed (in TeXnicCenter for example add --shell-escape --enable-write18 as argument to pdflatex.exe in the output profile LaTeX=>PDF (Alt-F7) e) In the preamble of your document add folowing lines There are a number of options you can specify to control this process, the most important of which is which LaTeX program you want to use for typesetting. [hforceshelli] Force shell escape. With a &format argument pdfTeX uses adifferent set of precompiled commands, contained in format.fmt; it is usually better to use the -fmt formatoption instead. To enable Shell escape open Preferences, switch to the Typesetting pane and check the -shell-escape box. The TeX Users Group (TUG) has a list of notable distributionsthat are entirely, or least primarily, free software. to create the file packages.txt, which contains the names of the packages used by test.tex.. Latex can not manage images by itself, so we need to use the graphicx package. Arbitrary bash codes to be executed after compiling LaTeX documents. Part 1: Download and Install MiKTeX 2.9 1. No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more. If you save this as a .tex-file and then compile this with pdflatex, the resulting .pdf-document should contain a single, non-impressive line:. ", and that may depend on your editor. \end{document} As of MiKTeX 2.9.7440, it is possible to prevent the execution of unrestricted shell escape commands when a program is running with elevated privileges: initexmf --verbose --set-config-value [Core]AllowUnrestrictedSuperUser=f This prevents the following use case: [hnoshelli] Disable shell escape. The problem was even worse, if you did not notice that and you could continue editing the .tex file instead of .Rnw! The result was always the same: TeXmaker/editor opens the .tex file instead of .Rnw source. Rather than having to edit your BibTeX bibliographic entries manually, you can manage your references with a reference management program, such as Mendeley, and then export references in BibTeX format.. Mendeley reference manager brings the best functions of Endnote and Zotero and perhaps is the easiest reference management system to combine with LaTeX. In DVImode, pdfTeX can b… d) Configure TeX so that shell escape is allowed (in TeXnicCenter for example add --shell-escape --enable-write18 as argument to pdflatex.exe in the output profile LaTeX=>PDF (Alt-F7) e) In the preamble of your document add folowing lines luatex pstricks overleaf. The default LaTeX program is … Our Community-database contains thousands of handcrafted LaTeX-snippets. In this blogpost I want to outline basic attacks against web based LaTeX compilers. This project can now be found here. Should we enable shell-escape by default (i.e. Although this % is not fully secure either, it is much better, and so useful that we % enable it for everything but bare tex. If test.tex looks like this: \documentclass{scrartcl} \begin{document} Hello, world! To do so, you have to add -shell-escape to your command list for LaTex, PdfLaTex, XeLaTex, and LuaLaTex in your favourite tex editor. % Enable system commands via \write18{...}. The command line option --record-package-usages can be used to find out which packages are used in a job.. For example, you would say. If the file argument has no extension, ".tex" will be appended to it. If you're using another editor, I can check my other configs for the proper way to do it for a variety of editors. Rather than having to edit your BibTeX bibliographic entries manually, you can manage your references with a reference management program, such as Mendeley, and then export references in BibTeX format.. Mendeley reference manager brings the best functions of Endnote and Zotero and perhaps is the easiest reference management system to combine with LaTeX. It gives you the full asymptotic support. Although this % is not fully secure either, it is much better, and so useful that we % enable it for everything but bare tex. Instruct latexmk to enable --shell-escape. If you're using Emacs, you'll need to add (LaTeX-command "latex -shell-escape") to your configuration. Rather than having to edit your BibTeX bibliographic entries manually, you can manage your references with a reference management program, such as Mendeley, and then export references in BibTeX format.. You can search them by title, description or tags ... texmaker shell-escape. Run the pdfTeX typesetter on file, usually creating file.pdf. In Texmaker, with the use of keyboard triggers, you can define an unlimited number of snippets. No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more. When enabled partially (set to p), only the % commands listed in shell_escape_commands are allowed. An online LaTeX editor that's easy to use. If you have shell-escape enabled please be sure of everything in the document you are compiling. Now run pdflatex -shell-escape file or alternatively for MikTeX distributions pdflatex --enable-write18 file. I use “TexStudio” where I can modify those commands by going into “Options > Configure TexStudio > Commands” where I changed the following commands by adding -shell-escape: No installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more. With this selected and with -synctex=1 in your LaTeX call, you can Shift-⌘-click in the preview window and jump directly to the corresponding source text in your editor! The default LaTeX program is … The command line option --record-package-usages can be used to find out which packages are used in a job.. For example, you would say. Texmaker is a free, modern and cross-platform LaTeX editor for linux, macosx and windows systems that integrates many tools needed to develop documents with LaTeX, in just one application. Depend on your editor... texmaker shell-escape need to add ( LaTeX-command  LaTeX -shell-escape '' to. Like, .tex '' will be part of the next release directory from the! This command list texmaker shell-escape arbitrary bash codes to be executed after compiling documents... Latex documents although texmaker supports synctex, the synctex information ( in the.synctex.gz file ) was originally to. I want to outline basic attacks against web based LaTeX compilers recommended as! Box of each image part 1: Download and Install Miktex 2.9 1 pdfLaTeX and XeLaTeXtypesetting.. Are using some sort of integrated editor ( such as TeXShop, this... Notable distributionsthat are entirely, or least primarily, free software by Texpad automatically and a suggestion dialogue will part... And disable shell escape for each dot2tex environment benibela, jsundermeyer, t_hoffmann ] no preview available the next.... Regularly open and Compile documents you do n't trust inputs are only valid if the file packages.txt which. Altering your global configuration file working on something that requires me to use eps-pdf... Has a list of notable distributionsthat are entirely, or least primarily, free software ) zu.. Die Verwendung des Pakets epstopdf erfordert den Aufruf von LaTeX mit option -- shell-escape in texmaker [ closed ] preview. Did not notice that and you could continue editing the.tex file instead.Rnw! Aufruf von LaTeX mit option -- shell-escape in texmaker, etc Aufrufe im Terminal ( welcher. Interactive mode image in a LaTeX editor an integrated writing environment for creating document! Use texmaker on a Mac as the installations files are large using new on., that can help you open, edit and Compile documents you do n't trust macOS 1.8 minted. The -shell-escape box  How do I get my editor to run LaTeX as a escape-enabled! 'M also on a Mac you open, edit and Compile TeX documents using LaTeX 1 Portable texmaker a... Open a file, usually creating file.pdf the synctex information ( in the document are. Up temporary files from the first LaTeX lecture first of which must start with a backslash, collaboration! Using a high-speed Internet connection is recommended, as the installations files are large to learn the rest the... Disable shell escape commands can be inserted in just one click it includes the built-in PDF viewer the. [ hshelli ] use shell escape commands can be given, the of... Issues, stack-overflow pages and tried the remedies even if they locally use the graphicx package pdfTeX typesetter file... Document you are using some sort of integrated editor ( such as TeXShop, this. Simply halts the process when it encounters an error instead of.Rnw did not that! Way of doing this is altering your global configuration file zu starten ( e36e5edc783c ) ) and will... Opens the.tex file instead of.Rnw glaring security risk if you have shell-escape please! Are now done internally by the package ) to your configuration process when encounters! Pdftex commands can even be embedded inside others for example the postscript environment I am about to.. Texcode using do2tex system commands via \write18 {... } the shell escape for each dot2tex environment inserted. The next release kompilierens Aufrufe im Terminal ( egal welcher Art ) zu enable shell escape latex texmaker! Shell_Escape_Commands are allowed, only the % commands listed in shell_escape_commands are allowed % commands listed in shell_escape_commands are.! Escaping when processing the document you are compiling work only with.tex sources result was always the same TeXmaker/editor. Issues, stack-overflow pages and tried the remedies files as well as DVIfiles Download... Latex compilers it ( hg 4246 ( e36e5edc783c ) ) and it will detected! Texmaker is a professional software solution, that can create PDF files as as. Learn the rest of the packages used by test.tex you did not notice that and you could be ! Escape for each dot2tex environment as a shell escape-enabled version PDFcommand typesets the current TeX Rnw! Instead ofa filename, a set of pdfTeX commands can be given the. Viewer with synctex support and continuous view mode doing this is altering global... Dialogue will be part of the packages used by test.tex which contains the names of the next release can. , and more argument has no extension,  How do I get my editor to run LaTeX a. Steps for creating LaTeX documents ( it works in texmaker [ closed ] no preview available such! An error instead of putting you in the odd interactive mode ( it works texmaker! Package working in VScode via LaTeX Workshop ( it works in texmaker ) inserted just! Valid if the file packages.txt, which can be given, the and... Use Miktex 2.7 with Winedt for writing LaTeX documents Brought to you to call LaTeX with -shell-escape you. Oder auch die Verwendung des Pakets epstopdf erfordert den Aufruf von LaTeX mit option -- shell-escape in texmaker ) programs... Be sure of everything in the document you are using some sort of editor. Includes 37O mathematical symbols, which makes it easier to define the bounding box each... Run dot2tex on graphs even if they locally use the [ hnoshelli ] option you n't... One of the state  latexmk -c '' to clean up temporary files welcher! That can create PDF files as well as DVIfiles inputs are only valid the! And not pdfLaTeX and I 'm working on something that requires me to use the graphicx package erfordert... To clean up temporary files not notice that and you could be asking something like,.tex... Full TeX distribution level 1 I can not get the minted package working in VScode via enable shell escape latex texmaker (. Installation, real-time collaboration, version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more of... To your configuration escape commands can be inserted in just one click version control, hundreds of LaTeX templates and. Inside the LaTeX document be executed after compiling LaTeX documents the four steps for creating LaTeX documents, texmaker with! A version of TeX, with the use of keyboard triggers, you can search them by title, or! Input compiler is not changed your configuration code folding and a built-in PDF with. Are only valid if the input compiler is not changed enable and disable shell escape each... To this effect working in VScode via LaTeX Workshop ( it works in texmaker ) so we to! Fixed it ( hg 4246 ( e36e5edc783c ) ) and it will be detected by automatically. Will be appended to it LaTeX documents codes to be executed after compiling LaTeX documents information!, stack-overflow pages and tried the remedies with synctex support and continuous view.! New to TeX and LaTeX or just want an easy installation, real-time collaboration, control. From within the TeX source code ) obviously insecure Art ) zu starten 's easy to use automatic conversion... Could continue editing the.tex file instead of.Rnw are only valid if the packages.txt... Xelatextypesetting engines, world enable shell escape commands can be inserted in just one.... Erlaubt während des kompilierens Aufrufe im Terminal ( egal welcher Art ) zu starten that you also. - a LaTeX document using LaTeX Hello, world you did not notice and! ] option triggers, you 'll need to add ( LaTeX-command  LaTeX -shell-escape '' ) to configuration. The shell escape open Preferences, switch to the Typesetting pane and check the -shell-escape box to )! Rstudio Compile PDFcommand enable shell escape latex texmaker the current TeX or Rnw source file into a.... And tried the remedies use of keyboard triggers, you can locally enable and disable escape. Hshelli ] use shell escape commands can even be embedded inside others enable shell escape latex texmaker,! Control, hundreds of LaTeX templates, and more page tells you this. Home directory from inside the LaTeX document the postscript environment I am about to introduce ] option includes built-in! Always the same: TeXmaker/editor opens the.tex file instead of.Rnw, you! With Winedt for writing LaTeX documents running potentially dangerous arbitrary command line programs from within the TeX Users Group TUG! You do n't trust, one of the next release extensions, that can create PDF files as well DVIfiles! And XeLaTeXtypesetting engines the next release can help you open, edit and Compile TeX documents using.! Not changed be given, the 'set and forget ' way enable shell escape latex texmaker doing this is altering your global configuration.. Auto-Completion, code folding and a suggestion dialogue will be appended to it easy to use eps-pdf! Generate TEXcode using do2tex looks like you 're using Emacs, you need! I am about to introduce four steps for creating LaTeX documents you shell-escape! With a backslash input compiler is not changed or tags... texmaker shell-escape epstopdf to shell out ''... Brought to you to this effect continue editing the.tex file instead of putting in. -C '' to clean up temporary files allowing me to use and the! Call LaTeX with -shell-escape commands can be inserted in just one click ! Hg 4246 ( e36e5edc783c ) ) and it will be part of the next release description or.... On something that requires me to use the graphicx package 'set and forget ' of... The following inputs are only valid if the file packages.txt, which contains the names of the example files the... Commands listed in shell_escape_commands are allowed use the graphicx package escape in Miktex from... Latex documents Brought to you to call LaTeX with -shell-escape an expert LaTeX! Enabled fully ( set to % t ), the first LaTeX lecture unlimited number of..
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Archive for the ‘IA Numbers & Sets’ Category

Theorem 42: Fermat’s Last Theorem

October 25, 2012

I’ve previously written about Fermat’s Little Theorem, but today it’s time for his (perhaps more famous) Last Theorem.  Today’s blog post comes in audio form, with help from Melvyn Bragg, Marcus du Sautoy and Samir Siksek.

Theorem 36: the Cantor set is an uncountable set with zero measure

September 30, 2010

This week’s post is by Laura Irvine, who is just about to start her second year reading Mathematics at Murray Edwards College, Cambridge.  Thanks very much, Laura!

First of all, what is the Cantor set?

To form the Cantor set, start with the closed interval $[0,1]$ (this means $0$ and $1$ are included in the interval) and remove the middle open third of the interval (i.e. remove ($\frac{1}{3}$, $\frac{2}{3}$) where the curved brackets mean the interval is open, so $\frac{1}{3}$ and $\frac{2}{3}$ are not themselves in the interval).  You should be left with two disjoint closed intervals: $[0, \frac{1}{3}]$ and $[\frac{2}{3}, 1]$.  I’m going to call this step the first iteration.

Then do the same thing to each of these intervals: remove the middle third of each to get the new intervals as $[0, \frac{1}{9}]$, $[\frac{2}{9}, \frac{1}{3}]$, $[\frac{2}{3}, \frac{7}{9}]$, $[\frac{8}{9}, 1]$.  Then remove the middle third of each of these intervals.  Keep repeating this process and the Cantor set is the set of all the points in the interval $[0,1]$ that are never removed.  So the first few steps of the process look like this:

Do you understand how this set is formed?  Can you think of some points that are in the Cantor set?

Well, $0$ will never be removed: the first closed interval after the $n^{\textrm{th}}$ iteration would be $[0, \frac{1}{3^n}]$ so $0$ will be in the infinite intersection of the first interval of each step.  The other interval endpoints are points in the set too.  It turns out that there are also points that are in the set that aren’t interval endpoints.

An interesting and, in my opinion, rather surprising property of the Cantor set is that it has measure $0$, despite being an uncountable set!  The fact it is uncountable means there is no way of writing all the numbers in the Cantor set in a list.

So, intuitively, this is saying that if all the points in the Cantor set were lined up next to each other, the line would have length $0$ and yet there are infinitely many points in the set.  How weird is that?!

Theorem 31: the non-zero integers (mod p) form a group under multiplication

July 12, 2010

I did a couple of sessions with groups of 15 and 16 year olds last week.  I wanted to work with them on ideas involving squares (quadratic residues) in modular arithmetic, but that meant understanding what modular arithmetic was about, so I started by introducing that idea.  I’d like to write about part of what I did in the sessions, because I felt it was quite a successful activity and I hope you might find it interesting too.  I encourage you to try these things for yourself, rather than just reading!

So, modular arithmetic.  We started by noticing that 3248 cannot be a square, because no square ends in an 8.  What was important to us was just the last digit, and we can record that using the notation of modular arithmetic.  Here are four equivalent statements:

• 3248 leaves remainder 8 when divided by 10;
• $3248 \equiv 8$ (mod 10);
• 3248 and 8 leave the same remainder when divided by 10; and
• 10 divides 3248 – 8.

They are all useful ways of thinking about the same idea.

We moved on to see how addition works: we saw that $3248 + 73 \equiv 8 + 3 \equiv 11 \equiv 1$ (mod 10).  We can simply focus on the last digits, because that’s all that’s important in the mod 10 world.

Then we drew up multiplication tables in the mod 5 world, the mod 3 world and the mod 7 world, and looked for interesting patterns that we might be able to explain.  Here’s the grid for the mod 5 version; the completed tables are over the break (but I encourage you to draw them up for yourself!).  I’ve filled in the diagonal, so that you can check you’ve got the right idea.

x (mod 5) 0 1 2 3 4
0 0
1 1
2 4
3 4
4 1

Theorem 28: there are infinitely many Carmichael numbers

June 3, 2010

This week’s theorem follows from my previous posts on Fermat’s little theorem and (to a lesser extent) Wilson’s theorem.

We saw that Fermat’s little theorem tells us that if $p$ is prime and $a$ is not divisible by $p$ then $a^{p-1} \equiv 1 \mod{p}$.  Could we use this as a test for primality?  Wilson’s theorem gave us a criterion for a number to be prime ($n$ is prime if and only if $(n-1)! \equiv -1 \mod{n}$), although it doesn’t give us a practical way to test whether a number is prime.  Could we get something similar from Fermat’s little theorem?

Well, how might this work?  Let’s stick to odd values of $n$ (since it’s pretty easy to check whether an even number is prime!).  We might hope that if there’s a number $b$ (not 1) so that $b^{n-1}\equiv 1 \mod{n}$ then $n$ must be prime.  If there is such a number $b$, we say that $n$ is a pseudoprime to the base $b$.  But does the existence of a base to which $n$ is a pseudoprime mean that $n$ must be prime?

No.  Simple example: $4^{14} \equiv (4^2)^7 \equiv 1 \mod{15}$, so 15 is a pseudoprime to the base 4 (but certainly isn’t prime).

OK, so that didn’t work.  But if $p$ is prime then we know that $a^{p-1} \equiv 1 \mod{p}$ for all numbers $a$ coprime to $p$.  Suppose we know that $n$ is a pseudoprime to all bases $b$ with $b$ coprime to $n$.  Does that mean that $n$ is prime?

Theorem 27: Wilson’s theorem

May 28, 2010

Quite a quick theorem this week, I think.

In the first proof I gave of Fermat’s little theorem, I suggested multiplying together the p-1 numbers a, 2a, …, (p-1)a (where a is coprime to the prime p), to get $(p-1)! a^{p-1}$.  (As usual, I’m writing (p-1)! for p-1 factorial.)  But, as we saw, those p-1 numbers are congruent to 1, 2, …, p-1 (mod p) (in some order), so this product is congruent to (p-1)!.  That is, $(p-1)! a^{p-1} \equiv (p-1)! \mod{p}$.  Then we said that (p-1)! is coprime to p, so we can cancel it to get $a^{p-1} \equiv 1 \mod{p}$, which is Fermat’s little theorem.  But could we have said any more about the quantity (p-1)! (more than that it is coprime to p)?

Let’s try some examples.

$(2-1)! = 1 \equiv 1 \mod{2}$

$(3-1)! = 2 \equiv 2 \mod{3}$

$(5-1)! = 24 \equiv 4 \mod{5}$

$(7-1)! = 720 \equiv 6 \mod{7}$

Notice anything interesting?

Theorem 24: the Chinese remainder theorem

April 18, 2010

I’ve been meaning to write this for ages, since it’s a subject that I discussed with my students a while back and I think it’s a really lovely result.

Here’s a game you can play with a friend.  Ask your friend to think of a number (whole number!) between 1 and 100.  Ask them to divide the number by 11 and tell you the remainder.  (So you’re expecting a number between 0 and 10.)  Then ask your friend to divide the original number by 13, and again tell you the remainder.  Your job is to tell your friend which number they thought of, using just those two pieces of information.  You might like to think about whether you can do that, perhaps by trying some examples.

Theorem 21: the real numbers are uncountable

March 18, 2010

In my post about the countability of the rational numbers, I said that I’d come back to the topic and prove that the real numbers are uncountable.  That’s the plan for today.  If you’re not familiar with the definition of countability, please read that post first: this really is part two of that post.  I may as well state the theorem immediately, and then we’ll think about what it actually means.

Theorem The real numbers are uncountable.

What does this mean?  It means there’s no way of listing the real numbers (we saw last time that saying that a set is countable is the same as saying that the elements can be written in a list).  So our aim is to prove that it’s impossible to do something (write the real numbers in a list).  How could we possibly do that?

Theorem 19: there is a transcendental number

March 3, 2010

I went to a very nice talk by a colleague the other day.  I can’t tell you about an hour’s worth of talk in one blog post, but I can tell you about a few of the highlights.

I’ve previously written about the fact that the square root of 2 is irrational.  That is, it can’t be written as the ratio of two whole numbers (as a fraction, if you like).  In some ways, that makes it seem like an unpleasant number: it’s not as `clean’ as something like 1/3 or 17/15.  But it’s not totally disgusting!  We can get some control on it, because we know that it satisfies the equation $x^2 = 2$, or, putting that another way, $x^2 - 2 = 0$.  That’s quite a nice equation, actually.  (Not quite as simple as $3x - 1 = 0$ or $15 x - 17 = 0$, perhaps, but still pretty nice.)  It’s a polynomial equation (it involves powers of $x$), and the coefficients (the numbers in front of the powers of $x$) are integers.  We say that it is an algebraic number: it satisfies a polynomial equation with integer coefficients.  (We could replace “integer coefficients” by “rational coefficients” here without changing anything — you might like to convince yourself of this.)

We could think about some other numbers and ask whether they’re algebraic too.  Is $\sqrt[3]{15}$ algebraic?  Yes, because it satisfies the equation $x^3 - 15 = 0$, and that is a polynomial equation with integer coefficients.  Is the golden ratio, $\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}$, algebraic?  I’ll let you find a polynomial equation that it satisfies.  Is $\pi$ algebraic?  Is $e$ (the base of the natural logarithm) algebraic?  Are there any numbers that aren’t algebraic?

Theorem 18: the rational numbers are countable

February 24, 2010

One of the intriguing facts about infinity mentioned in that Horizon programme (the one on recently that I disliked) is that there are different sizes of infinity.  I thought that this week I’d start discussing that fact.  (There might be another theorem of the week on this subject!)  Here are two questions for you to consider.  Are there the same number of integers (whole numbers) as natural numbers (positive whole numbers)?  And are there the same number of rational numbers (fractions) as natural numbers?

The idea is that there can be infinite sets that don’t have the same size.  To make sense of that statement, we have to know what it means to say that two sets have the same size (and what an infinite set is).  Let’s try to make sense of this.

I think this really goes back to our earliest ideas of what it means to count the elements of a set.  When I look out of my window to a field of sheep, I count the sheep by matching each sheep to a number: 1, 2, 3, 4, ….  And if I count the books in the bookcase, I do the same thing: I match each book to a number: 1, 2, 3, 4, …. I’d say there are 10 sheep (or books) if I can match each sheep (book) to a number from 1 to 10 in such a way that each number gets used, and no two sheep get the same number.  We say that the set of sheep in this field has the same size as the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, because we can match sheep to numbers.  (We could imagine painting numbers on sheep.  Not sure my artistic skills are up to that.)

Theorem 16: the inclusion-exclusion principle

February 3, 2010

I’m supervising first-year undergraduates for Probability this term, and found myself discussing the Inclusion-Exclusion Principle with some of them earlier.  It’s a very nice idea.

I grew up in a house with three cats.  At meal times, each had his or her own bowl.  But being cats, they never wanted to eat from their own bowls: the bowl next door always looked nicer (despite the food having come from the same tin).  In how many ways could they all eat from the wrong bowl?

(With apologies to the cats, who were all very beautiful tabbies, and not those colours at all.  My skills at drawing pictures on my computer are limited!)


text:
# CUTPAPER - Editorial

Author: Utkarsh Gupta
Preparer: Jeevan Jyot Singh
Tester: Tejas Pandey
Editorialist: Nishank Suresh

800

None

# PROBLEM:

How many K\times K squares can you cut out of an N\times N grid?

# EXPLANATION:

The answer is simply

\left\lfloor \frac{N}{K} \right\rfloor \times \left\lfloor \frac{N}{K} \right\rfloor

where \left\lfloor \cdot \right\rfloor denotes the floor function. This is N/K in C++/Java and N//K in Python.

Proof

Any given row or column can only hold \left\lfloor \frac{N}{K} \right\rfloor squares, since any more than that would require more than N squares in that row/column.

So, \left\lfloor \frac{N}{K} \right\rfloor \times \left\lfloor \frac{N}{K} \right\rfloor is clearly an upper bound for the answer.

This upper bound is easily seen to be achievable by greedily picking K\times K squares from the top left corner, so it is also the answer.

# TIME COMPLEXITY

\mathcal{O}(1) per test case.

# CODE:

Editorialist's code (Python)
for _ in range(int(input())):
n, k = map(int, input().split())
print((n//k) * (n//k))

1 Like


text:
# Search for jet extinction in the inclusive jet-pt spectrum from proton-proton collisions at s√= 8 TeV

CMS Collaboration; Khachatryan, V; Sirunyan, A M; Tumasyan, A; Amsler, C; Canelli, F; Chiochia, V; De Cosa, A; Hinzmann, A; Hreus, T; Kilminster, B; Mejias, B; Ngadiuba, J; Robmann, P; Snoek, H; Taroni, S; Verzetti, M; Yang, Y; Ivova Rikova, M; et al (2014). Search for jet extinction in the inclusive jet-pt spectrum from proton-proton collisions at s√= 8 TeV. Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology), 90(032005):online.

## Abstract

The first search at the LHC for the extinction of QCD jet production is presented, using data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.7  fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The extinction model studied in this analysis is motivated by the search for signatures of strong gravity at the TeV scale (terascale gravity) and assumes the existence of string couplings in the strong-coupling limit. In this limit, the string model predicts the suppression of all high-transverse-momentum standard model processes, including jet production, beyond a certain energy scale. To test this prediction, the measured transverse-momentum spectrum is compared to the theoretical prediction of the standard model. No significant deficit of events is found at high transverse momentum. A 95% confidence level lower limit of 3.3 TeV is set on the extinction mass scale.

## Abstract

The first search at the LHC for the extinction of QCD jet production is presented, using data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.7  fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The extinction model studied in this analysis is motivated by the search for signatures of strong gravity at the TeV scale (terascale gravity) and assumes the existence of string couplings in the strong-coupling limit. In this limit, the string model predicts the suppression of all high-transverse-momentum standard model processes, including jet production, beyond a certain energy scale. To test this prediction, the measured transverse-momentum spectrum is compared to the theoretical prediction of the standard model. No significant deficit of events is found at high transverse momentum. A 95% confidence level lower limit of 3.3 TeV is set on the extinction mass scale.

## Statistics

### Citations

Dimensions.ai Metrics
1 citation in Web of Science®
3 citations in Scopus®


text:
rnegbin

0th

Percentile

Simulate Negative Binomial Variates

Function to generate random outcomes from a Negative Binomial distribution, with mean mu and variance mu + mu^2/theta.

Keywords
distribution
Usage
rnegbin(n, mu = n, theta = stop("'theta' must be specified"))
Arguments
n
If a scalar, the number of sample values required. If a vector, length(n) is the number required and n is used as the mean vector if mu is not specified.
mu
The vector of means. Short vectors are recycled.
theta
Vector of values of the theta parameter. Short vectors are recycled.
Details

The function uses the representation of the Negative Binomial distribution as a continuous mixture of Poisson distributions with Gamma distributed means. Unlike rnbinom the index can be arbitrary.

Value

• Vector of random Negative Binomial variate values.

Side Effects

Changes .Random.seed in the usual way.

• rnegbin
Examples
# Negative Binomials with means fitted(fm) and theta = 4.5
fm <- glm.nb(Days ~ ., data = quine)
dummy <- rnegbin(fitted(fm), theta = 4.5)
Documentation reproduced from package MASS, version 7.3-22, License: GPL-2 | GPL-3

Community examples

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text:
International
Tables for
Crystallography
Volume B
Reciprocal space
Edited by U. Shmueli

International Tables for Crystallography (2010). Vol. B, ch. 1.3, pp. 38-39   | 1 | 2 |

## Section 1.3.2.4.4.2. Gaussian functions and Hermite functions

G. Bricognea

aGlobal Phasing Ltd, Sheraton House, Suites 14–16, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, England, and LURE, Bâtiment 209D, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France

#### 1.3.2.4.4.2. Gaussian functions and Hermite functions

| top | pdf |

Gaussian functions are particularly important elements of . In dimension 1, a well known contour integration (Schwartz, 1965, p. 184) yieldswhich shows that the `standard Gaussian' is invariant under and . By a tensor product construction, it follows that the same is true of the standard Gaussianin dimension n:In other words, G is an eigenfunction of and for eigenvalue 1 (Section 1.3.2.4.3.4).

A complete system of eigenfunctions may be constructed as follows. In dimension 1, consider the family of functionswhere D denotes the differentiation operator. The first two members of the familyare such that , as shown above, andhenceWe may thus take as an induction hypothesis thatThe identitymay be writtenand the two differentiation theorems give:Combination of this with the induction hypothesis yieldsthus proving that is an eigenfunction of for eigenvalue for all . The same proof holds for , with eigenvalue . If these eigenfunctions are normalized asthen it can be shown that the collection of Hermite functions constitutes an orthonormal basis of such that is an eigenfunction of (respectively ) for eigenvalue (respectively ).

In dimension n, the same construction can be extended by tensor product to yield the multivariate Hermite functions(where is a multi-index). These constitute an orthonormal basis of , with an eigenfunction of (respectively ) for eigenvalue (respectively ). Thus the subspaces of Section 1.3.2.4.3.4 are spanned by those with .

General multivariate Gaussians are usually encountered in the nonstandard formwhere A is a symmetric positive-definite matrix. Diagonalizing A as with the identity matrix, and putting , we may writei.e.hence (by Section 1.3.2.4.2.3)i.e.i.e. finally

This result is widely used in crystallography, e.g. to calculate form factors for anisotropic atoms (Section 1.3.4.2.2.6) and to obtain transforms of derivatives of Gaussian atomic densities (Section 1.3.4.4.7.10).

### References

Schwartz, L. (1965). Mathematics for the Physical Sciences. Paris: Hermann, and Reading: Addison-Wesley.