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# Time Format Nanoseconds

DATE FORMAT MODELS. The default date and time formatting methods, such as DateTime. So you can't know whether it's unique or not. 123456 The time relative to the start of the capture file or the first "Time Reference" before this packet (see Section 6. The toNanos() is different from the getNano() in that the getNano() only returns the part of the Duration which is less than one second. SELECT message, TO_CHAR(logged_at, 'MONTH DD, YYYY "at" HH24:MI') FROM logs;. One difference in the java. The CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function returns DateTime data type, and the format is: ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. If you work internationally, Medium Date is good to use as it eliminates ambiguity about which values indicate the year, month, and day. Access the nanosecond part of the date in a script. time classes. It looked like she was trying to take her mind off of some truly hideous clown. This on the web one-way conversion tool converts time and date units from nanoseconds ( ns , nanosec ) into days ( d ) instantly online. High-Speed Trading: It's All About the Nanoseconds The world of high-speed financial trading has entered a phase in which latency is measured in nanoseconds. 1234') returns 123400000. sRet = Format(tSystem. Prerequisites Obtaining the Server Time Obtain DateTime Create New DateTime Instance Compute Relative Dates Compare Format Strings Transform See Also. The user lock screen is the one that displays when a user locks the PC while still signed in to Windows, and when the user is selected on the sign in screen, times out, and. If the DateTime object has its Kind property set to Local, its ticks. nanotime: Nanosecond Time Resolution for R. year() year<-() isoyear() epiyear() Get/set years component of a date-time. Price Number (14,7) Trade price per. Use MathJax to format equations. Valeria Garbin, Dan Cojoc, Enrico Ferrari, Enzo Di Fabrizio, Marlies Overvelde, Michel Versluis, Sander van der Meer, Nico de Jong, and Detlef Lohse "Time-resolved nanoseconds dynamics of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles manipulated and controlled by optical tweezers", Proc. Duration (class template ) Duration in hours (class ) Duration in minutes (class ) Duration in seconds (class ) Duration in milliseconds (class ) Duration in microseconds (class ). Oracle DATE type does not store nanoseconds, but Oracle TIMESTAMP type does. Online calculator to convert nanoseconds to hours (ns to hr) with formulas, examples, and tables. Channel position and width may be adjusted independently by internal or external means (external means by potentiometer or analogue voltage), the width being adjusted symmetrically or. This article illustrates how to create one common function to get most of the formats required by different countries and applications. It seems that NTFS stores file times in the number of 100-nanosecond intervals from the NTFS epoch (January 1, 1601). Use the first 10 digits of a UNIX time to use the time in seconds. To convert it to an ABAP date: 1. The default date and time formatting methods, such as DateTime. Returns the datetime as a string. If True, parses dates with the day first, eg 10/11/12 is parsed as 2012-11-10. For more details, refer to Section 4. Thu, 27 Feb 2020 14:39:58 +0000. I: Format a two-digit hour of the day for the 12-hour clock. Depending on the size of the value, the units part is ps (nanoseconds), ns (nanoseconds), us (microseconds), ms (milliseconds), s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days), or w. For instance a date like 5/11/1 would be considered invalid and would need to be rewritten to 2005/11/01 to be accepted by the date parser. Gary Newell. The ISO 8601 standard defines the date format to be YYYY-MM-DD, and the time format to be hh:mm:ss (24 hour clock), and if combined, they should be concatenated with date first and with a capital 'T' in front of the time. 1 second is equal to 1000000000 nanoseconds, or 1000 milliseconds. In this article, we will explore various SQL Convert Date formats to use in writing SQL queries. Specify a date parse order if arg is str or its list-likes. For example you can use this: format(now(),"ms") Even so, if you want to rely on the more reliable windows OS time, it's not hard to customize the GetMyMilSeconds. The integer is a number of nanoseconds since the Epoch which can represent 1823-11-12 to 2116-02-20. First get the start timestamp as follows. The CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function returns DateTime data type, and the format is: ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. No AM/PM data is sent in 12 hour mode, however. 000 I have also tried mm:ss. ts_sec: the date and time when this packet was captured. In other words, datetime64 imposes a trade-off between time resolution and maximum time span. NET JavaScriptSerializer - unix-timestamp. How to: Display Milliseconds in Date and Time Values. All TIME values must be between 00:00:00 and 23:59:59. This number reflects the time at which the trade entered CTS. 000008333333 minutes. The main change in the Java 8 date time API is that date and time is now no longer represented by a single number of milliseconds since Jan. Specify a date parse order if arg is str or its list-likes. | homepage; pretty-time: Easily format the time from node. In addition to the time constant TIME, which has a size of 32 bits and conforms to IEC-61131-3, TwinCAT supports the standard-extending LTIME constant as a timebase for high-resolution timers. This section provides a tutorial example on how to obtain the current time in milliseconds and nanoseconds using currentTimeMillis() and nanoTime() methods. the default format of the pad/element. getTime () val minuteFormat = new SimpleDateFormat ("mm. 23 Date and time (p: 338-347) 7. Integer8 values are 64-bit (8-byte) integers that represent dates as the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since 12:00 AM January 1, 1601. How to Show the RFC Date View the RFC date for your computer using the following command:. 1 The wcsftime function (p: 385-386). Hi, This question is with respect to Abinitio. Net tick is a duration of time lasting 0. 000004166667 minutes: 500,000 nanoseconds: 0. Thus, if you are stuffing in a java. FFFFFFF or HH:MM:SS. The format string is not case sensitive. Snowflake provides many date conversion functions, you can use those to format the date type. Get-Date can format the date and time in several. The Solution: To convert date/time format to AD timestamp: Nintex allows us to get the number of seconds since 01/01/1900 @ 00:00, so we will have to do 3 steps to get the number of 100-nanoseconds since 01/01/1601 @ 00:00:. nanoTime() is used for performance debugging and not for display purposes. Now I want to convert this date i. time_t : sec const : return seconds : long : nsec const : return nanoseconds : bool : isValid const : check if the time is valid : std::string : toString const throw (Exception) std::string : toString (const std::string &fmt) const throw (Exception) Static Public Member Functions. Therefore, if the elapsed time is measured in a different time unit we must convert it accordingly. Note that the sort values that are returned are all in nanoseconds-since-the-epoch. All TIME values must be between 00:00:00 and 23:59:59. NetFlow export format version number. Bear in mind the following points: In dedicated workers created from a Window context, the value in the worker will be lower than performance. That’s because date and time formats look like actual date and time and I just skipped all of them when I was looking at documentation. locale’s abbreviated weekday name (e. So for example, if you had an input time of 9630 seconds, the program would display the converted time of 2 hours, 40 minutes, and 30 seconds. It has two parts: a TAI64 label and an integer, between 0 and 999999999 inclusive, counting nanoseconds from the beginning of the second represented by the TAI64 label. How do I get the current Unix time in milliseconds (i. nanoseconds %p:. 4 (Human reaction time to a visual stimulus is around 190 million nanoseconds. Net tick is a duration of time lasting 0. The CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function returns DateTime data type, and the format is: ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. One difference in the java. Elapsed − This parameter returns the number of seconds and microseconds since the elapsed-time clock was started or reset. Other commonly used units are minutes, hours and days. Universal Time (UT1), also known as astronomical time, refers to the Earth's rotation. It provides the exact speed at which our clocks tick. It will be listed alongside the RAM with numbers presented in this format: 15-16-16-35. A QTime object contains a clock time, i. Gets a DateTime object that is set to the current date and time on this computer, expressed as the local time. The format keywords in the format string are replaced by corresponding values to get the result. The trick is in picking the baseline, and accounting for all the oddities of leap years, leap seconds, changes in calendar, etc. Closed to_datetime with format string cannot read nanoseconds #8989. POSIXct first convert to class "POSIXlt" by calling as. To format strings, given a struct_time or Python time tuple, you use strftime(), which stands for "string format time. Question: In have incoming data that records hundredths of a second and I cannot find a DATE format (i. print (str(minutes) + ' Minutes') #to print seconds, you know already ;) print (str(diff. | homepage; pretty-time: Easily format the time from node. The format mask is passed the the javascript library for the date picker after translation to the date picker format mask syntax (which is different to the Oracle database). The strftime() function also takes a format string as its first argument. Formal Definition. Current time in millis second and nano second. Syntax DTinterval2stringAsTime ( date_time_interval_expression ) int2DTinterval. If seven arguments are given, they must be Integer values. If the string has fewer than six digits, then it is implicitly widened. You need to use the standard date command to format date or time in Linux or Unix shell scripts. If you are trying to time events using tic and toc, then you will find that those clocks are only defined down to. time(15, 8, 24. When Bignum or Rational is used (before 1823, after 2116, under nanosecond), Time works slower as when integer is used. According to the SimpleDateFormat class documentation , Java does not support time granularity above milliseconds in its date patterns. NET JavaScriptSerializer - unix-timestamp. 123456 The absolute date and time of the day when the packet was captured. > Here is updated documentation on timestamps availabe for COBOL, Assembler, C, Java, SQL, and XML plus references. But why 0…. Use the TimeSpan's TotalSeconds method to get the total number of seconds as a Double. The problem is that the float type starts to lose nanoseconds after 104 days. For example, 31st Dec 2017 will be written in India as 31-12-2017. The Python time. If you know how many 100-nanosecond intervals (ticks) are in a day (864000000000) and how many days difference there are between 1-1-1601 and 1-1-1900 which is SQL Servers base date (109207) this. A file time is stored in a FILETIME structure. 123456 Nanoseconds. The new Java date time API is located in the Java package java. See above for a description of the struct_time object. datetime contains functions and classes for working with dates and times, separatley and together. Note that the sort values that are returned are all in nanoseconds-since-the-epoch. Formatting date. now()) datetime. The returned time should have sub-second precision , but the actual precision may vary based on the platform. In order to synchronize the Unix clock, NTP must convert to and from NTP representation and Unix representation. All Does anyone know of a "standard" or widely accepted way to get COBOL time of day in micro-seconds or nano-seconds for use in generating more accurate transaction time-stamp and for use in measuring transaction turn-around time. In this Chapter you will learn. How is your number 1398902555536968492 stored? Numerics of class double only have 15-17 digits of precision (53 bits), whereas this number is given here with 19 digits, so it is not precisely representable using a double. This document uses milliseconds-since-the-epoch. ; Options to Display the Date %D: Prints the date in mm/dd/yy format. However, POSIXct is implemented as a double with fractional seconds since the epoch. The PostgreSQL formatting functions provide a powerful set of tools for converting various data types (date/time, integer, floating point, numeric) to formatted strings and for converting from formatted strings to specific data types. In this example, we are going to show you the SQL Server CURRENT_TIMESTAMP examples. 23 Date and time (p: 338-347) 7. Because the next SI unit is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10 −11 and 10 −10 second are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of picoseconds. The result is undefined if the Unix time in nanoseconds cannot be represented by an. but that is not in general use. More std::chrono::microseconds get_exposure const noexcept Get the image exposure time in microseconds. DateFormat is used for formatting a date into String based on specific locale that is provided as input. Manages conversion of date and time information between 4 different formats: Strings, Dates, epoch times, and julian days, with the Strings using primarily the GMT timezone. Hey, AddDays can only add (or substract) whole days. Many programmers have multiple ways for programming in programming languages. 1 second is equal to 1000000000 nanoseconds, or 1000 milliseconds. You can use Get-Date to generate a date or time character string, and then send the string to other cmdlets or programs. Therefore, any number of seconds can be converted into an Excel time using the formula:. Nanosecond is. Although the NTP time format provides a precision of about 200 pico-seconds, rounding errors in the conversion process decrease the accuracy as the input value. Here is another simple programming assignment. He enters the strange world of high speed financial trading, where a millionth of a second can make the. Can someone help me out here with this. So if you'd like your query to include points with timestamps that occur after now (), the query must provide an alternative upper time bound in the WHERE clause. 100-nanoseconds since Jan 1 1601. You need to use the standard date command to format date or time in Linux or Unix shell scripts. In order to synchronize the Unix clock, NTP must convert to and from NTP representation and Unix representation. Today it is possible to buy a custom ASIC (application- specific integrated circuit) to parse market data and send executions in 740 nanoseconds (or 0. Use MathJax to format equations. NET and UNIX formats. When d3's time methods are given a number, they're assumed to be milliseconds since unix epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC). 999999999 and at least one more nanosecond is added, it will wrap around to 00:00:00. The symbol for nanosecond is ns. The following is a list of definitions relating to conversions between nanoseconds and seconds. Now-new DateTime(1970,1,1) and. That's the claim from Zeptonics, a new technology firm that says its new switching device can deliver latency of around 130 nanoseconds, the fastest in the world. | homepage; time-stamp: Get a formatted timestamp. The origin for nanoSeconds() isn't specified. First, you can't. Simplified Syntax $time;$ stime; realtime; Description. These are case-sensitive! These placeholders can be repeated for a different effect. The former is usually represented with a long whereas a long long is required for the latter. Seconds Since Beginning of Capture: 123. java util date format milliseconds (1). The current date is printed to the console. You can define the preferred mapping with the @Temporal annotation. > Here is updated documentation on timestamps availabe for COBOL, Assembler, C, Java, SQL, and XML plus references. By using int(), you strip your date of the time (but it's mandatory for addDays(). For example, to convert to milliseconds we must divide the result in nanoseconds by 1. The TO_TIMESTAMP () function requires two arguments: The timestamp is string that represents a timestamp value in the format specified by format. A Timestamp also provides formatting and parsing operations to support the JDBC escape syntax for timestamp values. Its symbol is μs, sometimes simplified to us when Unicode is not available. accuracies measured in nanoseconds (10-9 or billionths of a second). 000000000 UTC). NumPy will infer the desired unit from the input; for example, here is a day-based datetime:. Decimal format (in hours, minutes or seconds) will appear on the right side of the result window. This is all in the. minutes = (diff. TO_TIMESTAMP. Using another format (like 0. The format of these two bytes is the following one: hour part of time zone + 20; minute part of the time zone + 60. Since someone brought up her speed recently, I remembered that there was some feat of her I still wanted to discuss. ” This is the number of clock cycles that pass between when an instruction is given and when the information is made available. The format for timestamp argument. This returns an immutable formatter capable of formatting and parsing a format that extends the ISO-8601 extended offset date-time format to add the time-zone. To make this some time other than midnight, just add the time duration since midnight (hours, minutes, seconds, whatever) to the local_days, in this case 9h for 09:00:00. This limitation is due to the implementation of Clock. which tells you that you cannot get higher resolution than 1000 nanoseconds using that format. If you want the seconds as integers with the milliseconds as decimal portion of 1 then multiply your true time value by 86,400 (i. 12:35:17:234:451 - The function to fetch data Completed. In Java 9 and later, a new Clock implementation can grab the current moment in finer resolution, depending on the limits of your host hardware and operating system, usually. Our conversions provide a quick and easy way to convert between Time units. In Java, you can either make a Date object by supplying the date of your choice, or you can let JavaScript create a Date object based on your visitor's system clock. This document uses milliseconds-since-the-epoch. This BS formula should run about 36 nanoseconds per valuation with a full set of risk outputs. Java SimpleDateFormat: Easily get the date, time, or datetime. So for example, if you had an input time of 9630 seconds, the program would display the converted time of 2 hours, 40 minutes, and 30 seconds. So it just keeps increasing every ms. Returns the given date as a string, formatted according to a pattern. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have opened new opportunities for time-resolved X-ray crystallography. The RcppCCTZ package supplies the formatting and parsing routines based on the (modern C++) library CCTZ from Google. sql package contains JDBC types that are aligned with the types defined by the SQL standard:. This document uses a plain date. Provide date with the formatting string by prefixing it with a plus sign: date +"Week number: %V Year: %y" Week number: 33 Year: 10. SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS [Current_Date] CURRENT_TIMESTAMP Example 2. The date field uses the default format. | homepage; pretty-time: Easily format the time from node. Note that nanoseconds will be printed only if they are present in actual timestamp value. This structure is used with various Win32 API calls. This method of converting a number of seconds to a time works because dates and times in Excel are stored as simple decimal values, with one day represented by the decimal value 1. Time is one of the four dimensions, allowing us to order events from the past through the present into the future, as well as measuring the durations of any event. The most common need for stripping time from a datetime value is to get all the rows that represent orders (or visits, or accidents) that occurred on a given day. A nanosecond is a unit of time. Hi Banfa, Actually we want to count current time in milliseconds and then has to show such a way that hr/min/sec/msec. Use MathJax to format equations. today is 42,800 and today at noon is 42,800. com is your one-stop shop to make your business stick. Gets a summary of the split time that the stopwatch recorded as a string. Its equivalent in nanoseconds format is: 1570581030 How to carry out this conversion in Alteryx as for now, it doesn't support precision level of n. C# DateTime class is used to represent and work with Date and time. We will explore more on this in the upcoming section Let us explore various date formats using SQL convert date functions. LTIME has a size of 64 bits and a resolution in nanoseconds. This can be an integer from 0 to 7. ticks() returns nanoseconds, which you need to divide by 10^9 to convert to seconds. We need to work with date type data in SQL. Here is another simple programming assignment. The main change in the Java 8 date time API is that date and time is now no longer represented by a single number of milliseconds since Jan. Between 2005 and 2015, the difference between the UTC(USNO) and GPS time scales, as measured by USNO, was less than 10 nanoseconds RMS. To format a string, you use directives. If the underlying system does not support nanosecond-level precision, APIs binding a system timeout will typically round up the number of nanoseconds. The symbol for nanosecond is ns. The first argument is the year, the. A date string may contain items indicating calendar date, time of day, time zone, day of week, relative time, relative date, and numbers. Period – Measures time in years, months and days. It is encoded using the. It allows to easily print current date with an optional nanosecond resolution. This page shows how to format date in Linux or Unix-based system. The hours entered must be a positive number between 1 and 12 or zero (0). We show below examples of parsing temporal instant values using various formats. In other words, datetime64 imposes a trade-off between time resolution and maximum time span. If secs is not provided or None, the current time as returned by time() is used. Now, in addition to standard Unix strptime() formats, Splunk's strptime() implementation supports recognition of the following date-time formats: %N For GNU date-time nanoseconds. In this Chapter you will learn. ISO 8601 formatted date. A QDateTime object encodes a calendar date and a clock time (a "datetime"). The 18-digit Active Directory timestamps, also named 'Windows NT time format', 'Win32 FILETIME or SYSTEMTIME' or NTFS file time. If you want a safe range query that performs well, use an open-ended range or, for single-day queries on SQL Server 2008 and above, use CONVERT. The Date object is useful when you want to display a date or use a timestamp in some sort of calculation. i need to trigger one job at this time. To make this some time other than midnight, just add the time duration since midnight (hours, minutes, seconds, whatever) to the local_days, in this case 9h for 09:00:00. You can also convert milliseconds to date & time and the other way around. time_t : sec const : return seconds : long : nsec const : return nanoseconds : bool : isValid const : check if the time is valid : std::string : toString const throw (Exception) std::string : toString (const std::string &fmt) const throw (Exception) Static Public Member Functions. DateTime, hours does not have the same representation as nanoseconds. 999999999 and at least one more nanosecond is added, it will wrap around to 00:00:00. The MySQL version requires slightly more storage but has some advantages in permitting the eventual support of negative dates, and in replication. 1 sec=1 000 milisec=1 000 000 microsec=1 000 000 000 nanosec. However, not all of the techniques that are used to do so are efficient or even safe. If we only want 4-bits worth, we should use the most significant 4-bits of the 1588 fractional nanoseconds field (1/16 of a nanosecond increments). To see the current system date and time with fractional seconds with time zone give the following statement. The CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function returns DateTime data type, and the format is: ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. Why is this a surprise, or a problem? In practice the value will gradually increase over time, as there will be additional delays beyond the 1000 milliseconds (since running code takes time too) and as these accumulate, the milliseconds value will gradually. Depending on the size of the value, the units part is ps (nanoseconds), ns (nanoseconds), us (microseconds), ms (milliseconds), s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days), or w. According to Java documentation, The value returned represents nanoseconds since some fixed but arbitrary time (perhaps in the future, so values may be negative). All five date and time functions take a time string as an argument. Days are converted to hours. 1 microseconds. New install date format 1 Answer. To change the output of a TIMESTAMP value, you use the TO_CHAR() function by passing the name of TIMESTAMP value or column as the first argument, and the format string as the second argument. Internally, the resolution of the time portion of a TIMESTAMP value is in nanoseconds. The time string is followed by zero or more modifiers. TIME supports an optional precision parameter for fractional seconds, e. It's the default date type parsed in IResults and can be created manually using toNanoDate. So you can't know whether it's unique or not. This structure is used with various Win32 API calls. Your sample data also shows 2 differenct sets of dates. Date, time, and timestamp data types; Data type Denotes a column of DATE: A date is a three-part value representing a year, month, and day in the range of 0001-01-01 to 9999-12-31. SysUptime. k: Format time the same as the H suffix except that it does not add a leading zero to the output. (optional) Contains a time-specific format string for use with the T (absolute time) and t (relative time) conversion codes. To format Bash Date to a required one, bash shell provides date command along with many format options. time(datetime. The Date class supports two constructors as shown in the following table. Use with TO_DATE to convert two-digit years to four-digit years. Then it will just show time. This document uses milliseconds-since-the-epoch. Integer8 values are 64-bit (8-byte) integers that represent dates as the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since 12:00 AM January 1, 1601. This is all in the. There is a modified pcap format that supports nanoseconds, but I don't know what uses it. timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0)¶. Equal(u) 123 // to t == u, since t. The ambiguous dates will be straightened out by the non-ambiguous (e. TIME internally stores “wallclock” time, and all operations on TIME values are performed without taking. A TAI64N label is normally stored or communicated in external TAI64N format, consisting. The Unix epoch (or Unix time or POSIX time or Unix timestamp) is the number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1. The CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function returns DateTime data type, and the format is: ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. Use MathJax to format equations. 0 and under, a query’s default time range is between 1677-09-21 00:12:43. You can use TIME constants to handle the standard timer modules. year() year<-() isoyear() epiyear() Get/set years component of a date-time. The value still isn't unique, because you can call it many times per millisecond, but I gave you a strategy to deal with that. This document includes a time. 1510544836. year (birthday) 1997 julia> Dates. 4 (Human reaction time to a visual stimulus is around 190 million nanoseconds. The output format is controlled by the II_DATE_FORMAT setting. yy") 'Returns: 7 February 2012 Range("A2". Date formats are like fruits, sometimes you don’t know they’re rotten until you cut them open. 1 second is equal to 1000000000 nanoseconds, or 1000 milliseconds. Use doc value fields, which can be formatted in. ISO 8601 formatted date. For example, if you want a time resolution of one nanosecond, you only have enough information to encode a range of2^{64}$nanoseconds, or just under 600 years. I wrote these pieces of Python and Perl code a couple of years ago when I was dealing with Active Directory time stamps and needed to convert to Unix epoch to do some date calculations in Perl. This document uses a plain date. nanoseconds %p:. time JSR-310 - which is, by design, working with. This site provides the current time in milliseconds elapsed since the UNIX epoch (Jan 1, 1970) as well as in other common formats including local / UTC time comparisons. exe program. So for example, if you had an input time of 9630 seconds, the program would display the converted time of 2 hours, 40 minutes, and 30 seconds. Instead, you need to use the TIMESTAMP datatype instead of the DATE datatype. The division only requires the relationship between ticks. Bob has a web2py website that has some data with nanosecond granularity. The format for timestamp argument. ToShortTimeString : If the current culture is us-EN, returns a String with the time in the form: 5:03:29 PM. Use MathJax to format equations. I wrote these pieces of Python and Perl code a couple of years ago when I was dealing with Active Directory time stamps and needed to convert to Unix epoch to do some date calculations in Perl. warning: in event of a leap second, this may exceed 999_999_999. Price Number (14,7) Trade price per. Can reach the. The General Date format will show date and time when there is data, with the exception of displaying the date for 12/30/1899 (because the serial date=0). 1 nanosecond ( ns , nanosec ) = 0. 2012 09:09:02) date_test = Now() 'Returns: 02. A thin wrapper around java. 000004166667 minutes: 500,000 nanoseconds: 0. locale’s abbreviated weekday name (e. the number of days from the beginning of the current year. Select the time cells that you will show time with milliseconds, right click and select the Format Cells from the right-clicking menu. For example, Thu Jul 18 09:30:00 2019 for US English on Linux. Microsoft Timestamp: days since Dec 31 1899. The date() function returns the date in this format: YYYY-MM-DD. This number reflects the time at which the trade entered CTS. Syntax: In the column definition of a CREATE TABLE statement: column_name TIMESTAMP timestamp [+ | -] INTERVAL interval DATE_ADD (timestamp, INTERVAL interval time_unit) Range: 1400-01-01 to 9999-12-31 Out of range TIMESTAMP values are converted to NULL. The switching time during IGBT turn-on/off transitions is a good health status indicator for IGBT. For Informatica, this can be an integer from 0 to 3. If the format of the input parameter is a string that contains an integer: After the string is converted to an integer, the integer is treated as a number of seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, or nanoseconds after the start of the Unix epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00. Format returns a textual representation of the time value formatted according to layout, which defines the format by showing how the reference time, defined to be Mon Jan 2 15:04:05 -0700 MST 2006 would be displayed if it were the value; it serves as an example of the desired output. ), in SQL Server, you have to use a datetime style that defines the format for the entire datetime string. You can get and. The rise time of the step varies from 1. time in UNIX systms, is: time:units = "seconds since 1970-1-1"; Similarly, the units may be in years, days, nanoseconds, and so forth. By using int(), you strip your date of the time (but it's mandatory for addDays(). 145224194 UTC and now (). 1 there are two "Lock" screens. To convert it to an ABAP date: 1. The accuracy depends on the computer hardware. Creates an interval representing a period of time such as 1 month, 1 year, 1 day, and so on. For example, query data with timestamps between 1677. It seems that NTFS stores file times in the number of 100-nanosecond intervals from the NTFS epoch (January 1, 1601). you need to define your own column, a number field, and write a C/C++ function to get the time in nanoseconds I believe u willhave to use a function which returns a number since epoch time which is a standard initial time, usually set at 00:00:00 Jan 1, 1970 at Greenwich. The date field uses the default format. | homepage; timescale: Convert from one time scale to another. So you can't know whether it's unique or not. Vagaries of date/time such as leap seconds and daylight savings time are unsupported. truncate: Decides whether fractional part of seconds will be truncated/rounded. This creates (and the say prints) a string based on the years, month and days as it is in Greenwich at the time of running the script. This is good for relative dates from a time frame. It provides the exact speed at which our clocks tick. nanoseconds (ns) minutes (min) 100,000 nanoseconds: 0. Analysis was completed with status completed using:. In this post I’ll show real world examples when working with time in Log Analytics. Seconds Since Beginning of Capture: 123. Equal(u) 123 // to t == u, since t. Converts and formats an instant into a string of date with the specified pattern. util package, this class encapsulates the current date and time. Channel position and width may be adjusted independently by internal or external means (external means by potentiometer or analogue voltage), the width being adjusted symmetrically or. International Atomic Time (TAI) is a time scale that uses the combined output of some 400 highly precise atomic clocks. A nanosecond is a unit of time. If you call. Timestamp up to the microsecond for all other issues. Hash testing format. [email protected] # echo test > /tmp/date +%d. If you use a java. As a community, it's starting to push the limits of physics. 200 ns to access the page table plus 200 ns to access the word in memory. A timedelta object represents a duration, the difference between two dates or times. If you know how many 100-nanosecond intervals (ticks) are in a day (864000000000) and how many days difference there are between 1-1-1601 and 1-1-1900 which is SQL Servers base date (109207) this. This is the difference between the Windows file time and the distributed clock system time. With these 2 files, common-view time transfer and absolute time transfer can be determined to a few nanoseconds. Earlier versions offer a resolution of only 3. 6666 minutes. May 05, 2011 10:26 AM. the number of hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds since midnight. When a Time::Clock object hits 23:59:59. The format string is then output with each. Type the number of Milliseconds you want to convert in the text box, to see the results in the table. Subtracting 100 from the Style (format) number will transform dates without century (YY). quarter() semester() Get the fiscal quarter and semester of a date-time. Prints to the console the Italian date format 10 nov 2016, 06:59:36. TIME internally stores "wallclock" time, and all operations on TIME values are performed without taking. It can read the current time from the system clock and measure a span of elapsed time. For example, to display the date and time to the precision of milliseconds use the following syntax: SYSTIMESTAMP('MS'). But when I convert this sas file to an excel file, I couldn't get the numbers displayed right. Dates Literals. Note that the sort values that are returned are all in nanoseconds-since-the-epoch. 1121111 can anybody help me. ToDate allows you to pass a character string or object and converts this to a date, based in the input mask provided. If secs is not provided or None, the current time as returned by time() is used. Question: In have incoming data that records hundredths of a second and I cannot find a DATE format (i. Date to milliseconds converter. The generic Unix kernel keeps time in seconds and microseconds (or nanoseconds) to provide both time of day and interval timer functions. The pattern is a format that is full of various placeholders that will display different parts of the date. A file with the offset of GPS receiver time and UTC time will also be made available. Some self-explanatory DateTime properties are Hour, Minute, Second, Millisecond, Year, Month, and Day. This is the difference between the Windows file time and the distributed clock system time. Select am or pm. The value of this property represents the number of 100-nanosecond intervals that have elapsed since 12:00:00 midnight, January 1, 0001 in the Gregorian calendar, which represents MinValue. So the time in pcap format is in nanoseconds? I have no experience with it, I'm learning to design a network of technical courses. If either the date or time component is missing, Time::Piece assumes the current date or time. Originally, it was based on the length of the day, but it has since been standardized based on the radiation wavelength of caesium-133. This is where the Stopwatch class is defined in the Framework. ss] where cc is the optional first 2 digits of the year. Date time is important part of the application development. Date and Time Data Types and Functions (Transact-SQL) 09/01/2017; 7 minutes to read +10; In this article. If the string has fewer than six digits, then it is implicitly widened. Closed jorisvandenbossche opened this issue Dec 3, 2014 · 2 comments · Fixed by #8904. This page shows how to format date in Linux or Unix-based system. It converts a value in nanoseconds to the fractional part of the NTP timestamp format. This document includes a time. TIME_FORMAT. The time stamp precision supported by a specific capture file format differs widely and varies from one second “0” to one nanosecond “0. How to Show the RFC Date View the RFC date for your computer using the following command:. Dates and times: Use predefined date/time formats or create user-defined date/time formats. Here’s a Scala method that shows how to get the current minute, and then determines whether the current minute is divisible by 5: def onTheFives: Boolean = { val now = Calendar. Strip 'GMT' to convert to local time. for this 10 byte field is not defined. Many python sql libraries, like the one in django e the one in web2py, relay on datetime objects for time representation. Solarflare is regarded as a partner that allows high frequency trading firms to focus on core competencies, rather than devoting in-house time and resources to lowering latency. DATE: Persists only the date with years, months and days. where infamy_date = '07Dec1941' (date, format 'DDMMMYYYY'). The FILETIME structure represents the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601. 1 microseconds. Milliseconds. Date formats are like fruits, sometimes you don't know they're rotten until you cut them open. Nanoseconds. These are case-sensitive! These placeholders can be repeated for a different effect. 5 hours) just type the value into data. datetime contains functions and classes for working with dates and times, separatley and together. 126 // 127 type Time struct { 128 // wall and ext encode the wall time seconds, wall time nanoseconds, 129 // and optional monotonic. How can i count time between two pulses in nano seconds by using raspberry pi? Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. A file time represents the specific date and time at which a given file was created, last accessed, or last written to. Options to Display the Day %a: Prints the name of the day, abbreviated to Mon, Tue, Wed, etc. 1 In Windows 8 and 8. But when I convert this sas file to an excel file, I couldn't get the numbers displayed right. "Mon Jun 18 2007 00:00:00 GMT-0400" or "09/23/2000" or "09/23/2000 9:45:00" converted to milliseconds. The resolution is much higher than currentTimeMillis(). seconds attribute represents the number of seconds >= 0 and < 1 day. Fortunately, most applications use typical datetime formats in Oracle that can be easily mapped to a datetime format style in SQL Server. Civil − This parameter returns the time in the format wherein hh is hours, mm is minutes and xx is seconds. This can be an integer from 0 to 7. Only %W, %D, %H, %M, %S and %u apply to relative time. Days are converted to hours. If you are creating logfiles, or basically any other timestamp, it is probably much better to use the YYYY-MM-DD format instead of the British DD/MM/YYYY or the American MM/DD/YYYY. nanoTime() is used for performance debugging and not for display purposes. Hoping someone can help. It does not include the number of ticks that are attributable to leap seconds. This tool converts a number of seconds in human readable time using hours/minutes/seconds. Demo on converting epoch time to human readable format. The general time_duration class provides a constructor that takes a count of the number of hours, minutes, seconds, and fractional seconds count as shown in the code fragment below. Now I want to convert this date i. SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS [Current_Date] CURRENT_TIMESTAMP Example 2. 6 Microseconds. This site provides the current time in milliseconds elapsed since the UNIX epoch (Jan 1, 1970) as well as in other common formats including local / UTC time comparisons. TODATE (field_expression, input_date_format, output_date_format) Input formats. Instead, you need to use the TIMESTAMP datatype instead of the DATE datatype. Access the nanosecond part of the date in a script. user assuming that the job is trigger at 01/16/2013 6:00 PM of his. This document uses a plain date. nanoTime() is used for performance debugging and not for display purposes. Use doc value fields, which can be formatted in. Would it be possible to display a fine grained output like processor time/ io time , etc?. We also tested the methods to make sure they work. This document includes a time. RETURN datetime('2015-06-24T12:50:35. Ticks: Gets the number of ticks that represent the date and time of this instance. time classes handle nanoseconds resolution, much finer than the milliseconds limit of the legacy classes. Our conversions provide a quick and easy way to convert between Time units. WRITE_DATE_TIMESTAMPS_AS_NANOSECONDS and DeserializationFeature. The origin for nanoSeconds() isn't specified. Input format: R FC 2822, D-M-Y, M/D/Y, Y-M-D, etc. Access the nanosecond part of the date in a script. All five date and time functions take a time string as an argument. The shorter intervals like nanoseconds and femtoseconds are used in computers and laser technology while light years and. It does not include the number of ticks that are attributable to leap seconds. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have opened new opportunities for time-resolved X-ray crystallography. time() function returns the current time as a floating-point number which is usually a 64-bit binary floating-point number (in the IEEE 754 format). general_log table and the start_time , query_time , and lock_time fields in the mysql. # vim: ft=sh date_with_tz() { printf "%-20s %s\n"$1 "$(TZ=$1 date)" } date_with_tz Europe/Lisboa date_with_tz Europe/Zurich date_with_tz America/Los_Angeles # Script prints: # Europe/Lisboa Sam Dez 16 12:41:47 Europe 2017 # Europe/Zurich Sam Dez 16 13:41:47 CET 2017 # America/Los_Angeles Sam Dez 16 04:41:47 PST 2017. Convert a millisecond value to a date string. txt Basically you need to pass format identifier with +% to date command to get your desired format of output. It is widely used not only on Unix-like operating systems but also in many other computing systems. the number of hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds since midnight. UNIX Timestamp: seconds since Jan 1 1970. There are 1,000,000 nanoseconds in a millisecond. java util date format milliseconds (1). In V2R5 and later releases, you can specify many different formats for time and timestamp fields. gmtime ([secs]) ¶ Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a struct_time in UTC in which the dst flag is always zero. The DATE data types stores only a date value while the TIME data type defines a time of a day without time zone awareness and is based on a 24-hour clock. Formatting date. The datetime module includes functions and classes for doing date and time parsing, formatting, and arithmetic. The default precision is 9. month (birthday) 3 julia> Dates. Earlier versions offer a resolution of only 3. The CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function returns DateTime data type, and the format is: ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. The Solution: To convert date/time format to AD timestamp: Nintex allows us to get the number of seconds since 01/01/1900 @ 00:00, so we will have to do 3 steps to get the number of 100-nanoseconds since 01/01/1601 @ 00:00:. If you're reading a text file, Excel will convert your time text strings to its date/time values, unless you cause the Text Import Wizard to be invoked, which will let you format the field for text. Golang datetime formats. Given below is the script. If the timing is exact enough, you'll get the same value formilliseconds every time. (optional) Contains a time-specific format string for use with the T (absolute time) and t (relative time) conversion codes. Date is java. I plan to stored the current time in a parameter and use. Duration (class template ) Duration in hours (class ) Duration in minutes (class ) Duration in seconds (class ) Duration in milliseconds (class ) Duration in microseconds (class ). Similar logic applies for microseconds and nanoseconds. Channel position and width may be adjusted independently by internal or external means (external means by potentiometer or analogue voltage), the width being adjusted symmetrically or. Start: The Start method tells the Stopwatch to store the current time. A TAI64N label refers to a particular nanosecond of real time. Use the stop time variables's Subtract method to subtract the start time and obtain a result of type TimeSpan. Get-Date can format the date and time in several. How many days ( d ) are in 1 nanosecond ( 1 ns , nanosec )? How much of time and date from nanoseconds to days, ns , nanosec to d? Exchange values and measures from one time and date unit to. When Bignum or Rational is used (before 1823, after 2116, under nanosecond), Time works slower as when integer is used. In this method, we will first FORMAT the datetime value to a defined format (truncate seconds and milliseconds) and then convert it back to datetime data type using CAST function. You can even convert between them using new methods added. If we only want 4-bits worth, we should use the most significant 4-bits of the 1588 fractional nanoseconds field (1/16 of a nanosecond increments). Below is the output which i got : 1st field is the time field, 2nd is after applying formula to convert to date field and the 3rd one is after formatting of date field :. Convert argument to datetime. Duration – Measures time in seconds and nanoseconds. Time zone %z -zzzz RFC-822 style numeric timezone -0500 %Z time zone (e. date has many display formatting options. Milliseconds are equal to 1000 microseconds each, and microseconds are equal to 1000 nanoseconds each. Access the nanosecond part of the date in a script. Note that only that conversion depends on the time zone. Note this script will work in sql Server 2008 and. This conversion of 1,000 seconds to minutes has been calculated by multiplying 1,000 seconds by 0. If secs is not provided or None, the current time as returned by time() is used. However, starting with Oracle 9, you can getting milliseconds from another system source : SYSTIMESTAMP. There are different identifiers date command supply. Use the DatetimeTickFormat name-value pair argument to modify the format of the axis tick labels. The date data type is used to specify a date. How do I write a search to change the format of a date from "1942-01-24" to "24/01/1942"? 3 Answers. The value still isn't unique, because you can call it many times per millisecond, but I gave you a strategy to deal with that. The origin for nanoSeconds() isn't specified. It looked like she was trying to take her mind off of some truly hideous clown. The Huygens family of software algorithms can achieve accuracy to a few tens of nanoseconds in scalable server farms without special hardware. Follow 22 views (last 30 days) Paskah Nainggolan on 21 Mar which tells you that you cannot get higher resolution than 1000 nanoseconds using that format. ( Eighth Edition Version: ) For example, suppose that it takes 100 nanoseconds to access main memory, and only 20 nanoseconds to search the TLB. Doesn't yours give it in microseconds? There are several formats of UNIX timestamp, including the above three. Internally, the resolution of the time portion of a TIMESTAMP value is in nanoseconds. However, online monitoring of IGBT switching time is still difficult in practice due to the requirement of extremely high sampling rate for nanoseconds time resolution. The output format is controlled by the II_DATE_FORMAT setting. The QDateTime class provides date and time functions. usage_percpu: The CPU time, in nanoseconds, consumed by all tasks in this group, separated by CPU. 7 nanoseconds: an infinitesimal instant in the life of a man (by Gianfranco D’Anna) This is a very enjoyable book to read. Here is a detailed tutorial on C# DateTime class and how to work with dates and times using C#. milliseconds am/pm within SQL May 05, 2011 11:24 AM | frez | LINK As mentioned, you do the formatting on your page, you want to hold the data as a datetime in the database and in variables in your code and just present it in the appropriate format, otherwise you can get into trouble with. 126 // 127 type Time struct { 128 // wall and ext encode the wall time seconds, wall time nanoseconds, 129 // and optional monotonic. 0 divided by the number of seconds in a day). --This script is compatible with SQL Server 2012 and above.


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# Thread: integration questions stuck :(

1. ## integration questions stuck :(

Hey guy i gt this questions on integration which i am not sure how to approach. I have uploaded the question via jpg file.

For the first questions i attempted to intergrate by parts and let u=e^tanx
du= tane^tanx.dx, dv/dx = cos^2x and v = (sin^3x)/3, am i correct so far?

As a results i was left with:

e^tanx . (sin^3x/3) - Int (sin^3X/3) . tane^tanx

what do i do now if in fact i am on the correct path i would assume to integrate it again but that seems too difficult and deafeats the purpose of the IBP. Was i supposed to use IBP? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

2. Originally Posted by Latkan
Hey guy i gt this questions on integration which i am not sure how to approach. I have uploaded the question via jpg file.

For the first questions i attempted to intergrate by parts and let u=e^tanx
du= tane^tanx.dx, dv/dx = cos^2x and v = (sin^3x)/3, am i correct so far?

As a results i was left with:

e^tanx . (sin^3x/3) - Int (sin^3X/3) . tane^tanx

what do i do now if in fact i am on the correct path i would assume to integrate it again but that seems too difficult and deafeats the purpose of the IBP. Was i supposed to use IBP? Any help would be greatly appreciated.
This looks like a simple substituion

$\int^{\pi/4}_{0} e^{\tan x} \sec^2(x)$

Because $\sec^2 x = \frac{1}{\cos^2 x}$

Let $u = \tan x$. Hence $du = \sec^2 x\,dx
$

Now to work out our limits in terms of u. For this simply sub the limit into our expression for u.

$\text { Lower Limit } = \tan 0 = 0$

$\text { Higher Limit } = \tan \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 1$

Now we can put all these expressions into the integral to give:

$\int^1_0 \, e^u\,du$

Which is a very simple integral and can be solved directly because we changed the limits

format: plain


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# Math Help - 3d vector

1. ## 3d vector

Question: The position vectors of the points A, B and C referred to an origin O are 4i-3j-k and -8i+6j+5k respectively. If AB meets the z-axis at P, find the ratio AP:PB.

What is mean by "If AB meets the z-axis at P" ?
Can anyone explain to me please?
And how do I solve it?

2. ## Re: 3d vector

Originally Posted by alexander9408
Question: The position vectors of the points A, B and C referred to an origin O are 4i-3j-k and -8i+6j+5k respectively. If AB meets the z-axis at P, find the ratio AP:PB.

What is mean by "If AB meets the z-axis at P" ?
Can anyone explain to me please?
And how do I solve it?

1. Stationary vector of C ( $\vec c$) is missing.
$AB: r = \langle 4,-3,-1 \rangle + t \cdot \langle 12, -9 ,-6 \rangle$
If this line has a common point with the z-axis the point P has the coordinates $P(0,0,p)$
3. When you finally have found $P(0,0,1)$ calculate the distances $|\overline{AP}|$ and $|\overline{BP}|$ and determine the ratio of the distances. I've got $\frac{|\overline{AP}|}{|\overline{BP}|} = \frac12$


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Tensor Network Theory Library  Beta release 1.1.1 A library of routines for performing TNT-based operations

## Detailed Description

The system has several global parameters that are used in all calculations. These can be based on the physical properties of your system, e.g. setting the basis operator and the global physical symmetries. In addition some of these are related to values used during calculations, for examples tolerances used in the SVD.

## Functions

void tntFinalize (void)

void tntInitialize (void)

void tntMaxEigIterSet (int maxnum)

void tntReshapeReuseDisable (void)

double tntSVDRelTruncTolGet (void)

void tntSVDRelTruncTolSet (double relTruncTol)

void tntSVDRoutineSet (int svdtype)

double tntSVDTolGet (void)

void tntSVDTolSet (double inpTOL)

double tntSVDTruncTolGet (void)

void tntSVDTruncTolSet (double truncTol)

unsigned tntSymmNumGet (void)

int tntSymmTypeGet (void)

void tntSymmTypeSet (const char *symmTypeStr, unsigned num_qn)

void tntSymmTypeUnset (void)

void tntSysBasisOpFree (void)

tntNode tntSysBasisOpGet (void)

void tntSysBasisOpSet (tntNode basisOp)

int tntSysTypeGet (void)

void tntSysTypeSet (int sysnum)

void tntTruncType (const char *funcname)

## Variables

tntSystem systype

## Function Documentation

 void tntFinalize ( void )

Finalize the TNT library. Should follow all other TNT calls.

Examples:
tntEvolve_cl.c, tntEvolve_if.c, tntGS_cl.c, and tntThermal_cl.c.

Definition at line 72 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntInitialize ( void )

Initalize the TNT library and the system variables. Should precede all other TNT calls.

Examples:
tntEvolve_cl.c, tntEvolve_if.c, tntGS_cl.c, and tntThermal_cl.c.

Definition at line 17 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntMaxEigIterSet ( int maxnum )

Use this function to change the number of iterations for the sparse eigenvalue solver

• you may want to do this if you are getting convergence errors.
Parameters
 maxnum The chosen SVD type. Allowed values are TNT_LAPACK_SDD and TNT_LAPACK_SVD.

Definition at line 204 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntReshapeReuseDisable ( void )

Disables the storage of the translations done in the reshape component. This will conserve memory but typically at a great expense computationally. It is recommended to use this function when the size of the tensors is constantly changing, for example in cases where the tolerance is set for the minimum size singular value to keep using tntSVDTruncTolSet().

Returns
No return value.

Definition at line 467 of file tntSys.c.

 double tntSVDRelTruncTolGet ( void )

Use this function to get the relative minimum for the singular values that will be kept in the SVD. Any singluar values which are truncTol' times smaller than the maximum singluar value are be discarded, along with their associated right and left singular vectors. A negative value means that all singular values up to the value $$\chi$$ are kept.

Returns
The current value of the truncation tolerance.
Use tntSVDRelTruncTolSet() to set the relative truncation tolerance to a different value.

Definition at line 282 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSVDRelTruncTolSet ( double relTruncTol )

Use this function to set a relative minimum for the singular values that will be kept in the SVD. Any singluar values which are truncTol' times smaller than the maximum singluar value will be discarded, along with their associated right and left singluar vectors. Set to a negative value to ensure that all singular values up to the value $$\chi$$ are kept (unless an absolute value has also been set).

Calling this function sets the tolerance for all subsequent SVDs. It is set to a negative value by default i.e. all singular values kept.

Use tntSVDRelTruncTolGet() to find out the current value of the relative truncation tolerance, and tntSVDTruncTolSet() to set an absolute minimum for the singular values that will be kept in the SVD.
Returns
No return value.
Parameters
 relTruncTol The chosen tolerance.

Definition at line 245 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSVDRoutineSet ( int svdtype )

Use this function to change the SVD routine used in the core library. By default the LAPACK divide and conquer SVD is used (TNT_LAPACK_SDD). If you are having issues with the SVD converging or accuracy, please try using the LAPACK standard SVD (TNT_LAPACK_SVD). This performs more slowly but we have found it to be better behaved.

Returns
No return value.
Parameters
 svdtype The chose SVD type. Allowed values are TNT_LAPACK_SDD and TNT_LAPACK_SVD.

Definition at line 193 of file tntSys.c.

 double tntSVDTolGet ( void )

Get the tolerance below which values are treated as zero in the SVD.

Returns
The current truncation tolerance.
Function tntSVDTolSet() sets the tolerance.

Definition at line 178 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSVDTolSet ( double inpTOL )

Sets the tolerance below which values are treated as zero in the SVD

• this leads to significant performance improvements. However, to ensure all values are kept, set this to a negative number. This function will typically only be called once at the start of program execution. If using the command line options routine tntProcessCommandLineOptions this is called automatically.
Note
Our tests have found that for most systems, and when the truncation error is small, this does not make any significant difference to results. However for certain systems, when the truncation error is large, we have seen this lead to small differences in expectation values. Therefore we recommend first testing the effect of TOL on your results for small systems/run times to determine its effect.
Parameters
 inpTOL The chosen tolerance.

Definition at line 164 of file tntSys.c.

 double tntSVDTruncTolGet ( void )

Use this function to get the absolute minimum for the singular values that will be kept in the SVD. Any singluar values which are smaller than truncTol' will be discarded, along with their associated right and left singluar vectors. A negative value means that all singular values up to the value $$\chi$$ are kept.

Returns
The current value of the truncation tolerance.
Use tntSVDTruncTolSet() to set the truncation tolerance to a different value.

Definition at line 264 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSVDTruncTolSet ( double truncTol )

Use this function to set an absolute minimum for the singular values that will be kept in the SVD. Any singluar values which are smaller than truncTol' will be discarded, along with their associated right and left singluar vectors. Set to a negative value to ensure that all singular values up to the value $$\chi$$ are kept (unless a relative value has also been set).

Calling this function sets the tolerance for all subsequent SVDs. It is set to a negative value by default i.e. all singular values kept. However, if there are any parts of your algorithm that take the inverse of nodes that result from an SVD, it is recommended to set this value (e.g. to 1e-8) to ensure that your matrices are not singular.

Use tntSVDTruncTolGet() to find out the current value of the truncation tolerance, and tntSVDRelTruncTolSet() to set a relative minimum for the singular values that will be kept in the SVD.
Parameters
 truncTol The chosen tolerance.

Definition at line 225 of file tntSys.c.

 unsigned tntSymmNumGet ( void )

Gets the number of seperate conserved quantities, or the number of quantum numbers required for a quantum number labels e.g for an two-species system will return 2. The return value will be zero if no symmetry type is set.

Returns
The number of quantum numbers required for each quantum number label.

Definition at line 447 of file tntSys.c.

 int tntSymmTypeGet ( void )

Gets the symmetry type for the system, returning the result as an integer code more than 1, which will be one of the allowed symmetry types given by the defined variables. The return value will be TNT_SYMM_NONE if no symmetry type is set.

In the current version, the only currently allowed value is TNT_SYMM_U1.

Returns
Integer code for the symmetry type, 0 if no symmetry type is set.

Definition at line 433 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSymmTypeSet ( const char * symmTypeStr, unsigned num_qn )

Sets the symmetry type for the system. If it is set, then quantum number information is tracked, and the releavant quantities are conserved.

For example if U(1) is set (tntSymmetrySet("U(1)")), and spin or boson operators created using tntMpsCreateSpinOp and tntMpsCreateBosonOp, and wave functions created using tntMpsCreateRandom() or tntMpsCreateConfig(), they will be set up to ensure that the total z-projection of spin or boson number are conserved respectively. This can significantly speed up calculations.

The argument num_qn sets the number of seperate conserved quantities e.g. set to 2 for a two species system where the number of species 1 and the number of species 2 is conserved.

Parameters
 symmTypeStr String denoting the symmetry type e.g. "U(1)". num_qn Number of separate conserved quantities.

Definition at line 374 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSymmTypeUnset ( void )

Turns off keeping track of symmetries in the system. The quantum number information is removed from the basis operator, and library functions will no longer enforce number conservation.

Note that nodes that are in the blocked or symmetric format will be converted to VALS structure as they are encountered by library functions, rather than as soon as this function is called.

Note also that the SVD tolerance for zeroing values is turned back on to the default value of TNT_DEFAULT_TOL.

If symmetry information is not turned on prior to calling this function, it will have to effect.

Returns
No return value.

Definition at line 404 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSysBasisOpFree ( void )

Removes and frees the current basis operator.

Definition at line 352 of file tntSys.c.

 tntNode tntSysBasisOpGet ( void )

Returns the operator which defines the physical basis for the system. Note that this returns the handle to the actual basis operator, rather than a copy of it, so any modifications to it will alter the basis operator for the entire system. Therefore we recommend only inspecting properties of the operator rather than making changes to it unless you know exactly what you are doing.

Returns
The tntNode which represents the operator which defines the physical basis for the system, or NULL if no basis operator has been set yet.

Definition at line 342 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSysBasisOpSet ( tntNode basisOp )

Sets the operator which defines the physical basis for the system. Note that a copy of the supplied node basisOp is taken, so any changes can be made to basisOp after the function has been called will not affect the system basis operator. Instead use tntSysBasisOpGet() to get a handle to the basis operator after this function has been called.

Parameters
 basisOp Node that defines the basis operator

Definition at line 324 of file tntSys.c.

 int tntSysTypeGet ( void )

Returns a number which defines the type of system, where definitions for these numbers are given in the header file for the tier 2 library being used. Currently the only tier 2 library is libtntMps, which can give the values TNT_MPS_SPIN and TNT_MPS_BOSON.

Returns
Integer which encodes the system type. See the header or documentation for your tier 2 library for the currently supported system types.

Definition at line 311 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntSysTypeSet ( int sysnum )

Sets the system type using the integer code given. Note that no checks are made that the integer given actually corresponds to a system type known by the tier 2 library - users can define custom system types if they wish.

See the header or documentation for your tier 2 library for the currently supported system types. Currently the only tier 2 library is libtntMps, which can give the values TNT_MPS_SPIN and TNT_MPS_BOSON.

Parameters
 sysnum Number code defining the system type.

Definition at line 296 of file tntSys.c.

 void tntTruncType ( const char * funcname )

Sets the function used to calculate the truncation error $$e_{\mathrm{trunc}}$$ when taking the SVD of a node. Once this function is set the same truncation type will be used for all subsequent calculations, unless it is called again a different argument. Note the choice will automatically be saved to any output file, and reloaded when that file is loaded. The currently supported truncation types are:

• 'sumsquares'

The error is given by the sum of the squares of the discarded singluar values i.e.

$e_{\mathrm{trunc}} = \sum_{j=\chi}^{\chi_{\mathrm{orig}}-1} |S_{j}|^2.$

• '1norm'

The error is given by the 1-norm of the discarded singluar values i.e.

$e_{\mathrm{trunc}} = \sum_{j=\chi}^{\chi_{\mathrm{orig}}-1} |S_{j}|.$

• '1normscaled'

The error is given by the 1-norm of the discarded singluar values divided by the 1-norm of all the singular values i.e.

$e_{\mathrm{trunc}} = \left( \sum_{j=\chi}^{\chi_{\mathrm{orig}}-1} |S_{j}| \right)\Bigg{/}\left( \sum_{j=0}^{\chi_{\mathrm{orig}}-1} |S_{j}| \right).$

• '2norm'

The the error $$e$$ is given by the 2-norm of the discarded singluar values i.e.

$e_{\mathrm{trunc}} = \left( \sum_{j=\chi}^{\chi_{\mathrm{orig}}-1} |S_{j}|^2 \right)^{1/2}.$

• '2normscaled'

The error $$e$$ is given by the 2-norm of the discarded singluar values divided by the 2-norm of all the singular values i.e.

$e_{\mathrm{trunc}} = \left( \sum_{j=\chi}^{\chi_{\mathrm{orig}}-1} |S_{j}|^2 \right)^{1/2}\Bigg{/}\left( \sum_{j=0}^{\chi_{\mathrm{orig}}-1} |S_{j}|^2 \right)^{1/2}.$

In all the above cases, the indexing in the sum starts from zero. The default is '2norm', and will be used if no value is set using this function.

Parameters
 funcname The name of desired truncation type e.g. "sumsquares".

Definition at line 136 of file tntSys.c.

## Variable Documentation

 tntSystem systype

Global definition of system type

Definition at line 12 of file tntSys.c.


text:
## 62.5 Properties of representable morphisms of presheaves

Here is the definition that makes this work.

Definition 62.5.1. With $S$, and $a : F \to G$ representable as above. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property of morphisms of schemes which

1. is preserved under any base change, see Schemes, Definition 26.18.3, and

2. is fppf local on the base, see Descent, Definition 35.19.1.

In this case we say that $a$ has property $\mathcal{P}$ if for every $U \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf})$ and any $\xi \in G(U)$ the resulting morphism of schemes $V_\xi \to U$ has property $\mathcal{P}$.

It is important to note that we will only use this definition for properties of morphisms that are stable under base change, and local in the fppf topology on the base. This is not because the definition doesn't make sense otherwise; rather it is because we may want to give a different definition which is better suited to the property we have in mind.

Remark 62.5.2. Consider the property $\mathcal{P}=$“surjective”. In this case there could be some ambiguity if we say “let $F \to G$ be a surjective map”. Namely, we could mean the notion defined in Definition 62.5.1 above, or we could mean a surjective map of presheaves, see Sites, Definition 7.3.1, or, if both $F$ and $G$ are sheaves, we could mean a surjective map of sheaves, see Sites, Definition 7.11.1, If not mentioned otherwise when discussing morphisms of algebraic spaces we will always mean the first. See Lemma 62.5.9 for a case where surjectivity implies surjectivity as a map of sheaves.

Here is a sanity check.

Lemma 62.5.3. Let $S$, $X$, $Y$ be objects of $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a morphism of schemes. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be as in Definition 62.5.1. Then $h_ X \longrightarrow h_ Y$ has property $\mathcal{P}$ if and only if $f$ has property $\mathcal{P}$.

Proof. Note that the lemma makes sense by Lemma 62.3.1. Proof omitted. $\square$

Lemma 62.5.4. Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $F, G, H : (\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}^{opp} \to \textit{Sets}$. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property as in Definition 62.5.1 which is stable under composition. Let $a : F \to G$, $b : G \to H$ be representable transformations of functors. If $a$ and $b$ have property $\mathcal{P}$ so does $b \circ a : F \longrightarrow H$.

Proof. Note that the lemma makes sense by Lemma 62.3.2. Proof omitted. $\square$

Lemma 62.5.5. Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $F, G, H : (\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}^{opp} \to \textit{Sets}$. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property as in Definition 62.5.1. Let $a : F \to G$ be a representable transformations of functors. Let $b : H \to G$ be any transformation of functors. Consider the fibre product diagram

$\xymatrix{ H \times _{b, G, a} F \ar[r]_-{b'} \ar[d]_{a'} & F \ar[d]^ a \\ H \ar[r]^ b & G }$

If $a$ has property $\mathcal{P}$ then also the base change $a'$ has property $\mathcal{P}$.

Proof. Note that the lemma makes sense by Lemma 62.3.3. Proof omitted. $\square$

Lemma 62.5.6. Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $F, G, H : (\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}^{opp} \to \textit{Sets}$. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property as in Definition 62.5.1. Let $a : F \to G$ be a representable transformations of functors. Let $b : H \to G$ be any transformation of functors. Consider the fibre product diagram

$\xymatrix{ H \times _{b, G, a} F \ar[r]_-{b'} \ar[d]_{a'} & F \ar[d]^ a \\ H \ar[r]^ b & G }$

Assume that $b$ induces a surjective map of fppf sheaves $H^\# \to G^\#$. In this case, if $a'$ has property $\mathcal{P}$, then also $a$ has property $\mathcal{P}$.

Proof. First we remark that by Lemma 62.3.3 the transformation $a'$ is representable. Let $U \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf})$, and let $\xi \in G(U)$. By assumption there exists an fppf covering $\{ U_ i \to U\} _{i \in I}$ and elements $\xi _ i \in H(U_ i)$ mapping to $\xi |_ U$ via $b$. From general category theory it follows that for each $i$ we have a fibre product diagram

$\xymatrix{ U_ i \times _{\xi _ i, H, a'} (H \times _{b, G, a} F) \ar[r] \ar[d] & U \times _{\xi , G, a} F \ar[d] \\ U_ i \ar[r] & U }$

By assumption the left vertical arrow is a morphism of schemes which has property $\mathcal{P}$. Since $\mathcal{P}$ is local in the fppf topology this implies that also the right vertical arrow has property $\mathcal{P}$ as desired. $\square$

Lemma 62.5.7. Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $F_ i, G_ i : (\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}^{opp} \to \textit{Sets}$, $i = 1, 2$. Let $a_ i : F_ i \to G_ i$, $i = 1, 2$ be representable transformations of functors. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property as in Definition 62.5.1 which is stable under composition. If $a_1$ and $a_2$ have property $\mathcal{P}$ so does $a_1 \times a_2 : F_1 \times F_2 \longrightarrow G_1 \times G_2$.

Proof. Note that the lemma makes sense by Lemma 62.3.4. Proof omitted. $\square$

Lemma 62.5.8. Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $F, G : (\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}^{opp} \to \textit{Sets}$. Let $a : F \to G$ be a representable transformation of functors. Let $\mathcal{P}$, $\mathcal{P}'$ be properties as in Definition 62.5.1. Suppose that for any morphism of schemes $f : X \to Y$ we have $\mathcal{P}(f) \Rightarrow \mathcal{P}'(f)$. If $a$ has property $\mathcal{P}$ then $a$ has property $\mathcal{P}'$.

Proof. Formal. $\square$

Lemma 62.5.9. Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $F, G : (\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}^{opp} \to \textit{Sets}$ be sheaves. Let $a : F \to G$ be representable, flat, locally of finite presentation, and surjective. Then $a : F \to G$ is surjective as a map of sheaves.

Proof. Let $T$ be a scheme over $S$ and let $g : T \to G$ be a $T$-valued point of $G$. By assumption $T' = F \times _ G T$ is (representable by) a scheme and the morphism $T' \to T$ is a flat, locally of finite presentation, and surjective. Hence $\{ T' \to T\}$ is an fppf covering such that $g|_{T'} \in G(T')$ comes from an element of $F(T')$, namely the map $T' \to F$. This proves the map is surjective as a map of sheaves, see Sites, Definition 7.11.1. $\square$

Here is a characterization of those functors for which the diagonal is representable.

Lemma 62.5.10. Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $F$ be a presheaf of sets on $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$. The following are equivalent:

1. the diagonal $F \to F \times F$ is representable,

2. for $U \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf})$ and any $a \in F(U)$ the map $a : h_ U \to F$ is representable,

3. for every pair $U, V \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf})$ and any $a \in F(U)$, $b \in F(V)$ the fibre product $h_ U \times _{a, F, b} h_ V$ is representable.

Proof. This is completely formal, see Categories, Lemma 4.8.4. It depends only on the fact that the category $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$ has products of pairs of objects and fibre products, see Topologies, Lemma 34.7.10. $\square$

In the situation of the lemma, for any morphism $\xi : h_ U \to F$ as in the lemma, it makes sense to say that $\xi$ has property $\mathcal{P}$, for any property as in Definition 62.5.1. In particular this holds for $\mathcal{P} =$ “surjective” and $\mathcal{P} =$ “étale”, see Remark 62.4.3 above. We will use this remark in the definition of algebraic spaces below.

Lemma 62.5.11. Let $S$ be a scheme contained in $\mathit{Sch}_{fppf}$. Let $F$ be a presheaf of sets on $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property as in Definition 62.5.1. If for every $U, V \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf})$ and $a \in F(U)$, $b \in F(V)$ we have

1. $h_ U \times _{a, F, b} h_ V$ is representable, say by the scheme $W$, and

2. the morphism $W \to U \times _ S V$ corresponding to $h_ U \times _{a, F, b} h_ V \to h_ U \times h_ V$ has property $\mathcal{P}$,

then $\Delta : F \to F \times F$ is representable and has property $\mathcal{P}$.

Proof. Observe that $\Delta$ is representable by Lemma 62.5.10. We can formulate condition (2) as saying that the transformation $h_ U \times _{a, F, b} h_ V \to h_{U \times _ S V}$ has property $\mathcal{P}$, see Lemma 62.5.3. Consider $T \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf})$ and $(a, b) \in (F \times F)(T)$. Observe that we have the commutative diagram

$\xymatrix{ F \times _{\Delta , F \times F, (a, b)} h_ T \ar[d] \ar[r] & h_ T \ar[d]^{\Delta _{T/S}} \\ h_ T \times _{a, F, b} h_ T \ar[r] \ar[d] & h_{T \times _ S T} \ar[d]^{(a, b)} \\ F \ar[r]^\Delta & F \times F }$

both of whose squares are cartesian. In this way we see that the morphism $F \times _{F \times F} h_ T \to h_ T$ is the base change of a morphism having property $\mathcal{P}$ by $\Delta _{T/S}$. Since $\mathcal{P}$ is preserved under base change this finishes the proof. $\square$

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).


text:
other querymodes : Identifierquery Coordinatequery Criteriaquery Referencequery Basicquery Scriptsubmission TAP Outputoptions Help

2005A&A...430..411G - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 430, 411-419 (2005/2-1)

The structure of elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster. Results from the INT Wide Field Survey.

GAVAZZI G., DONATI A., CUCCIATI O., SABATINI S., BOSELLI A., DAVIES J. and ZIBETTI S.

Abstract (from CDS):

We report on a complete CCD imaging survey of 226 elliptical galaxies in the North-East quadrant of the Virgo cluster, representative of the properties of giant and dwarf elliptical galaxies in this cluster. We fit their radial light profiles with the Sersic r1/n model of light distribution. We confirm the result of Graham & Guzman (2003AJ....125.2936G) that the apparent dichotomy between E and dE galaxies in the luminosity-<µ>e plane no longer appears when other structural parameters are considered and can be entirely attributed to the onset of core'' galaxies at BT~-20.5mag. When core'' galaxies are not considered, E and dE form a unique family with n linearly increasing with the luminosity. For 90 galaxies we analyze the B-I color indices, both in the nuclear and in the outer regions. Both indices are bluer toward fainter luminosities. We find also that the outer color gradients do not show any significant correlation with the luminosity. The scatter in all color indicators increases significantly toward lower luminosities, e.g. galaxies fainter than BT~-15 have a B-I spread>0.5mag.

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies: fundamental parameters - galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/430/411): table2.dat>


text:
# Apps & integrations

Work with all your favourite apps and tools or create your own custom integrations using the Ghost API.

## Work with your existing tools

It's possible to connect your Ghost site to hundreds of the most popular apps and tools using integrations that take no more than a few minutes to setup.

Whether you need to automate workflows, connect your email list, build a community or embed products from your ecommerce store, our integrations library has got it all covered with hundreds of tutorials.

## Zapier

On top of this, you can connect your Ghost site to more than 1,000 external services using the official integration with Zapier.

Zapier sets up automations with Triggers and Actions, which allows you to create and customise a wide range of connected applications.

Example: When someone new subscribes to a newsletter on a Ghost site (Trigger) then the contact information is automatically pushed into MailChimp (Action).

Here are the most popular Ghost<>Zapier automation templates:

## Custom integrations

At the heart of Ghost sits a robust JSON API – designed to create, manage and retrieve content with ease.

It's possible to create custom Ghost integrations with dedicated API keys and webhooks from the Integrations page within Ghost Admin.

Beyond that, the API allows you to build entirely custom publishing apps. You can send content from your favourite desktop editor, build a custom interface for handling editorial workflow or use Ghost as a full headless CMS with a custom front-end.

The Ghost API is thoroughly documented and straightforward to work with for developers of almost any level.

## Final step: Themes

Alright, on to the last post in our welcome-series! If you're curious about creating your own Ghost theme from scratch, find out how that works.

We’re releasing an analysis showing that since 2012 the amount of compute needed to train a neural net to the same performance on ImageNet 1 classification has been decreasing by a factor of 2 every 16 months. Compared to 2012, it now takes 44 times less compute to train a neural network to the level of AlexNet 2 (by contrast, Moore’s Law 3 would yield an 11x cost improvement over this period). Our results suggest that for AI tasks with high levels of recent investment, algorithmic progress has yielded more gains than classical hardware efficiency.

Algorithmic improvement is a key factor driving the advance of AI. It’s important to search for measures that shed light on overall algorithmic progress, even though it’s harder than measuring such trends in compute.

##### 44x less compute required to get to AlexNet performance 7 years later
Total amount of compute in teraflops/s-days used to train to AlexNet level performance. Lowest compute points at any given time shown in blue, all points measured shown in gray.25678910111213141516

## Measuring efficiency

Algorithmic efficiency can be defined as reducing the compute needed to train a specific capability. Efﬁciency is the primary way we measure algorithmic progress on classic computer science problems like sorting. Efficiency gains on traditional problems like sorting are more straightforward to measure than in ML because they have a clearer measure of task difficulty. [1]

However, we can apply the efficiency lens to machine learning by holding performance constant. Efficiency trends can be compared across domains like DNA sequencing17 (10-month doubling), solar energy18 (6-year doubling), and transistor density3 (2-year doubling).

We are standardizing OpenAI’s deep learning framework on PyTorch. In the past, we implemented projects in many frameworks depending on their relative strengths. We’ve now chosen to standardize to make it easier for our team to create and share optimized implementations of our models.

$pip install procgen # install$ python -m procgen.interactive --env-name starpilot # human
\$ python <<EOF # random AI agent
import gym
env = gym.make('procgen:procgen-coinrun-v0')
obs = env.reset()
while True:
obs, rew, done, info = env.step(env.action_space.sample())
env.render()
if done:
break
EOF

### Design principles

We’ve designed all Procgen environments to satisfy the following criteria:

• High Diversity: Environment generation logic is given maximal freedom, subject to basic design constraints. The diversity in the resulting level distributions presents agents with meaningful generalization challenges.

• Fast Evaluation: Environment difficulty is calibrated such that baseline agents make significant progress after training for 200M timesteps. Moreover, the environments are optimized to perform thousands of steps per second on a single CPU core, enabling a fast experimental pipeline.

• Tunable Difficulty: All environments support two well-calibrated difficulty settings: easy and hard. While we report results using the hard difficulty setting, we make the easy difficulty setting available for those with limited access to compute power. Easy environments require approximately an eighth of the resources to train.

• Emphasis on Visual Recognition and Motor Control: In keeping with precedent, environments mimic the style of many Atari and Gym Retro games. Performing well primarily depends on identifying key assets in the observation space and enacting appropriate low level motor responses.

OpenAI builds free software for training,
benchmarking, and experimenting with AI.


text:
Find the equation of the line perpendicular to y=-x-2 and passing through the point (4, 1).

$$k: y=m_1x+b_1;\ l: y=m_2x+b_2\\\\k\ \perp\ l\iff m_1m_2=-1\\====\\k: y=-x-2;\ l: y=mx+b\\\\k\ \perp\ l\iff-1\cdot m=-1\Rightarrow m=1\\\\l: y=1x+b\to y=x+b\\\\(4;\ 1)\to substitute\ x=4\ and\ y=1\ to\ y=x+b:\\\\4+b=1\\b=1-4\\b=-3\\\\Answer: y=x-3$$

===========
First, you need to remember that perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes.

The given line has slope of -1, so the line perpendicular to it has slope of +1/1 = 1.

So the equation of the new line is going to be [  y = 1x + intercept  ].

You know that the new line goes through the point where x=4 and y=1.
Stick these into the part of the equation that you already know:

y = 1x + intercept

1 = 1(4) + intercept.

Can you find the intercept from here?
Maybe I’d better just finish it off.

1 = 4 + intercept.

Subtract 4 from each side:

intercept = -3

So the equation of the line perpendicular to [  y = -x - 2  ]  going through (4, 1) is

y = x - 3

RELATED:


text:
# Answer deleted. Should I just ask a new question showing more detail?

My answer was deleted to this question: Minimax problem for optimization $\inf \sup \frac{x f(x)}{\int_0^1 f(t) dt}$

I see why it was deleted. It was because I could not form the question in the proper manner in enough time. Also it was because I did not say that I was coming from a physics standpoint. I probably should have done that.

My answer is correct however from a mathematical-physics standpoint.

Maybe I should just post a new question about it and show why it's true?

Thanks for the feedback!

• A minor correction: your answer was not deleted - instead, it is greyed out for being heavily downvoted. – KReiser May 2 '20 at 3:10
• As KReiser pointed out, your answer has not been deleted. But, why would you not edit the existing answer? The edit will bump it to the frontpage, so voters can reconsider. – Jyrki Lahtonen May 2 '20 at 6:41
• (cont'd) Each and every time a post gets negative attention (in main) the go to - reaction should be to EDIT IT INTO SHAPE. Why so many think it might be prudent to delete it and try again is beyond me. May be they don't know that the bad effects of the deleted post won't go away by simply deleting the post (that may still be undeleted, possibly by somebody else)? – Jyrki Lahtonen May 2 '20 at 6:44
• I see where you are coming from @JyrkiLahtonen. That's a really good point. I will try my best to edit it into shape. – geocalc33 May 2 '20 at 13:35
• If someone asks a question about mathematics, then there is no such thing as "correct from a mathematical-physics standpoint". There might be considerations useful for doing physics, but those belong somewhere else, or with heavy disclaimers of which parts are actually precise mathematics. – Tobias Kildetoft May 2 '20 at 14:56

The Question to which you were replying does not refer to "physics" or invite an interpretation in terms of "an energy functional". Making this interpretation might be useful as content for Math.SE, but your presentation merely mentions such an interpretation and immediately transitions to "Putting it all together..."

If you have in mind some definite way to interpret the functional to be minimized as "energy", it might be a welcome supplement to the existing upvoted Accepted Answer to the Question. But the present wording does not really expose your thinking to Readers (such as myself) with a casual familiarity with mathematical physics, and minimum energy formulations in particular.

Note that you state your conclusion as finding a limit $$r$$ which is "not equal to $$0$$", and thus in apparent disagreement with the Accepted Answer. The Comments from that Answer's author on your post point to your having misunderstood what the Question asks for (an infimum), and you should make an effort to resolve the discrepancy before claiming (as above) "My answer is correct however from a mathematical-physics standpoint."

• In the first sentence $$f$$ is a map on the reals.
• Then $$h$$ appears out of the blue. What does it mean to use the infsup???
• And finally another magical leap with anew undefined symbol $$\phi$$.


text:
# Deception

 Random Link ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ Aug 2, 2021 » Misconstructions and Misconceptions 1 min; updated Jan 10, 2022 A collection of instances in which I believed something that wasn’t true. A reminder to read not to believe, but to weigh and consider . The Four Color Theorem does not claim that 4 colors suffice to color a planar map. Instead, 4 colors are sufficient to color any planar graph so that no two vertices connected by an edge are colored with the same color. For any $$n$$, there is a map that requires at least $$n$$ colors.... Dec 21, 2021 » We The Consumers 5 min; updated Dec 29, 2021 Product Differentiation and Price Discrimination Product differentiation seeks to distinguish a product from a competing product to make it more attractive to a specific target market. Price discrimination occurs when the same goods/services are sold at different prices from the same company. The Captain Samuel Vimes “Boots” theory of socio-economic unfairness: the rich man who bought the high quality $50 pair of boots would still be using them in 10 years, while the poor man who buys the$10 pair would have spent $100 on boots in the same time, and still be worse off.... Feb 12, 2020 » Financing the Disadvantaged 3 min; updated Nov 6, 2021 Short Term Loans A common narrative for loan providers is financial inclusion. 69% of global adult population is not covered by credit bureaus. Using non-traditional data (e.g. text messages, location, contacts, call logs), more people can get scored. If only $$x\%$$ of people pay you back, then $$\frac{x}{100}(1 + r) \ge 1$$ suggests $$r \ge \frac{100}{x} - 1$$. If $$75\%$$ tend to pay back, $$r = 33\frac{1}{3} \%$$.... May 20, 2020 » Unorthodox Startups 1 min; updated Nov 6, 2021 Innovation Africa & Water Availability Bring in Israeli solar panels and drip irrigation. Pump water from the large reservoirs below. Cost$7,000. Adapting to community: 6-8 weeks on committees, bank accounts; mobile charging stations and barbershops using solar panels for sustainability. Can’t sell the water, but you can subsidize it with complementary products. Set up remote monitoring with real time stats in order to schedule maintenance. Honorable Mentions Push Party by MSCHF is valued at $200m, led by The Founders Fund.... Jan 30, 2021 » Wall Street Potpourri 4 min; updated Nov 6, 2021 Maximizing the Value for Shareholders Suing a company for not following its code of ethics and therefore misleading investors doesn’t fly, but Signet Jewelers settled for$240m . Signet’s 70k female employees sued for discrimination, but the class action is yet to be resolved. Tom Toro’s New Yorker cartoon : Yes, the planet got destroyed. But for a beautiful moment in time we created a lot of value for shareholders.... Feb 1, 1997 » How Dentists Rip Us Off [William Ecenbarger] 2 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 How Dentists Rip Us Off. William Ecenbarger. digitalsmiledesign.com . Feb 1, 1997. This piece was brought up in “Is Dentistry a Science?" ( summary ). Looks like this piece has done its rounds in dentist online spaces. Ecenbarger pitch: moving into the area; had done gum surgery; had a direct-reimbursement program to cover expenses; interested in good oral health; no desire for cosmetic improvements... Jun 15, 2018 » U.S. Files Criminal Charges Against Elizabeth Holmes and Ramesh Balwani [WSJ] 2 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 U.S. Files Criminal Charges Against Elizabeth Holmes and Ramesh Balwani. John Carreyrou. www.wsj.com . news.ycombinator.com . Jun 15, 2018. (Ask HN) Holmes has 200 Patents. If tech didn't work, why not noticed? news.ycombinator.com . Jun 18, 2018. Theranos Lessons. Morgan Housel. www.collaborativefund.com . Jun 19, 2019. This CEO is Out for Blood. Roger Parloff. www.fortune.com .... Jun 25, 2018 » IBM Watson's Health Saga 2 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 Layoffs at Watson Health Reveal IBM’s Problem with AI. Eliza Strickland. spectrum.ieee.org . news.ycombinator.com . Jun 25, 2018. Jefferies gives IBM Watson a Wall Street reality check. John Mannes. techcrunch.com . news.ycombinator.com . Jul 13, 2017. IBM acquired Phytel, Explorys and Truven for their troves of healthcare data and proprietary analytics. From 2010 to 2015, IBM has spent +$15bn and Watson is still not profitable.... Jan 22, 2019 » Monopolistic Tendencies in the Prescription Glasses Industry 2 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 Luxottica - Queen of the Seven Kingdoms Luxottica owns and licenses Armani, Brooks Brothers, Burberry, Chanel, Coach, DKNY, Dolce & Gabbana, Michael Kors, Oakley, Oliver Peoples, Persol, Polo Ralph Lauren, Ray-Ban, Tiffany, Valentino, Vogue and Versace. Italy’s Luxottica also runs EyeMed Vision Care, LensCrafters, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Sunglass Hut and Target Optical. It also merged with the world’s leading maker of prescription eyeglass lenses and contact lenses, to form EssilorLuxottica.... Feb 17, 2019 » The Shady Economics of Buy-One-Get-One Free Deals [The Hustle] 1 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 The Shady Economics of Buy-One-Get-One Free Deals. Zachary Crockett. thehustle.co . Feb 17, 2019. BOGO goods are usually low-demand, non-efficient, lacking in quality and/or close to the expiration date. The BOGO deal is usually a 50% discount off of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP). And oftentimes, this price is artificially marked up to begin with. MyPillow offered BOGO deal on their pillows, but really just doubled the price of the first pillow.... Apr 1, 2005 » The Submarine [Paul Graham] 1 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 The Submarine. Paul Graham. www.paulgraham.com . Apr 1, 2005. Many people rely on social proof to form opinions; therein lies the power of PR. PR firms are not dishonest for they need good reputation with news outlets. But PR firms serve overworked reporters with selective truths. The firms feed the same story to different publications at once. Readers see similar stories in multiple places and assume a new trend has come.... May 1, 2019 » Is Dentistry a Science? [The Atlantic] 1 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 Is Dentistry a Science? Ferris Jabr. www.theatlantic.com . May 1, 2019. Cochrane Oral Health reviews dental procedures in a systematic manner. Unfortunately, most of the reviews don’t find substantive support for dental interventions. There is currently no substantive evidence for: binannual cleanings, fluoridation reducing tooth decay in adults; regular flossing combating plaque (gum disease? probably); preventative wisdom teeth removal; tooth-colored resin instead of metal amalgam fillings; crown vs.... Nov 5, 2019 » AT&T to pay$60m in settlement for slowing cellphone data on unlimited plans 1 min; updated Sep 2, 2021 AT&T to pay \$60m in settlement for slowing cellphone data on unlimited plans. www.reuters.com . Nov 5, 2019. Complaint filed in 2014 by the FTC: AT&T charged smartphone users for ‘unlimited’ data plans, but throttled them after ~2GB within a month. AT&T: None of these allegations were ever proved in court. We were fully prepared to defend ourselves, but decided settling was in the best interests of consumers.... May 21, 2018 » Bad Blood [John Carreyrou]