text:
# Black scholes volatility surface

Black–scholes formula given the market price of the option it is empirically observed that the implied volatility σt(k, t) of a call option with exercise price k and maturity date t depends on (k, t) the function σt : (k, t) σt(k, t) which represents this dependence is called the implied volatility surface at date t it summarizes. Video created by columbia university for the course financial engineering and risk management part ii more about black-scholes, the greeks and delta- hedging the volatility surface pricing derivatives using the volatility surface model. Crash revealed some of the shortcomings of the black-scholes model in fact, the returns exhibit skewness and kurtosis which is not considered in the model when the volatility surface is plotted using the implied volatility from black scholes equation with respect to time-to-maturity and strike price of options, it is flat. The user inputs: 2 scalars: - an annualized risk-free rate - the current price of an underlying asset 3 vectors: - a vector of time to maturity - a vector of strike prices - a vector european call prices gotten from the market for the same underlying asset the function volsurfacem will then: - compute and output the black- scholes. The black-scholes formula and volatility smile brian michael butler 1969- university of louisville follow this and additional works at: louisvilleedu/etd this master's thesis is brought to you for free and open access by thinkir: the university of louisville's institutional repository it has been accepted.

There are many ways that black scholes has been generalized to account for nonconstant volatility no doubt there are many i haven't heard of, but here are some 1 local volatility here, you replace the constant $\sigma$ by a fun. Some points on a volatility surface for a particular asset can be estimated directly because they correspond to actively traded options the rest of the volatility surface is typically determined by interpolating between these points if the assumptions underlying black–scholes held for an asset, its volatility surface would be flat. Abstract we survey recent results on the behavior of the black-scholes implied volatility at extreme strikes there are simple and universal formulae that give quantitative links between tail behavior and moment explosions of the underlying on one hand, and growth of the famous volatility smile on the other. Complementing the black-scholes model with garch(1,1) method based on maximum likelihood estimations varying volatility is studied also through implicit volatility surface depending on their characteristics, call options are categorized into specific groups according to their moneyness and maturity for.

October 21, 2006 the implied volatility smile/surface • black-scholes implied volatilities for equity indices: • term structure of strike and expiration, which change with time and market level • always a negative slope wrt strike for equity index options • what model replaces black-scholes black-scholes. Stochastic volatility models are useful because they explain in a self- consistent way why it is that options with different strikes and expirations have different black-scholes implied volatilities (“implied volatilities” from now on) – the “ volatility smile” in particular, traders who use the black- scholes model to hedge must. The paper represents an initial effort to shed light on the determinants of the implied volatility smile in financial (derivative) markets it fully details the implications of the institutionalization of the black–scholes model in an uncertain world populated by individuals who are bounded by the amount of calculation or accounting.

In addition, some of these parameterizations can have parameters that can quickly give a trader an immediate intuition as to what the smile looks like now imagine having a time series of volatility surfaces - these parameterizations do a nice job of condensing a massive amount data to a merely large. Using the black scholes option pricing model, we can compute the volatility of the underlying by plugging in the market prices for the options theoretically, for options with volatility smile if you plot the implied volatilities (iv) against the strike prices, you might get the following u-shaped curve resembling a smile hence.

## Black scholes volatility surface

We examine the asymptotic behaviour of the call price surface and the associated black-scholes implied volatility surface in the small time to expiry limit under the condition of no arbitrage in the final section, we examine a related question of existence of a market model with non-convergent implied volatility we show that.

• Black-scholes implied volatility, σ, the volatility you have to enter into the black- scholes formula to have its theoretical option value match the option's market price σ is the conventional unit in which options market-makers quote prices what does the varying volatility surface for σ tell us about the model and.
• A volatility smile is a common graph shape that results from plotting the strike price and implied volatility of a group of options with the same expiration date the volatility smile is so named because it looks like a person smiling the implied volatility is derived from the black-scholes model, and the volatility adjusts according.
• Els is through volatility surfaces, these are surfaces where there exist a volatility for the interest rate volatility surface shows implied volatilities for different ex- surface in section 35 we listed a few assumptions used to derive the black- scholes differential equation in real life the assumption that the volatility σ is con-.

Pricing we will also discuss the weaknesses of the black-scholes model, ie geometric brownian motion, and this leads us naturally to the concept of the volatility surface which we will describe in some detail we will also derive and study the black-scholes greeks and discuss how they are used in practice to hedge option. By adjusting the theoretical black-scholes price with costs for an over-hedge one receives the desired market consistent option premium an ornstein-uhlenbeck stochastic volatility process provides the theoretical frame- work being mean- reverting, the volatility process tends to its mean level thus, experi. Fractional black–scholes-inspired (fbsi) model for the implied volatility surface, and consider in depth the issue of calibration one of the main benefits of such a model is that it allows one to decompose implied volatility into an independent long-memory component – captured by an implied hurst exponent. Consider a more financially plausible model than black-scholes: one where the stock can suddenly go bankrupt due to fraud, and the volatility varies over time neither model is perfect, but the new one (call it svj) will be less wrong mathematically, we no longer have the black-scholes sde based on a.

Black scholes volatility surface
Rated 4/5 based on 46 review


text:
# David Forest’s International Speculator: 5G Stocks War for 60X Gains Report

The International Speculator by Dave Forest outlines his latest The “War” for 5G: 3 Little-Known Stocks to See 60X Gains report and NASA GOLD: 3 Penny Gold Stocks Set to Soar 1,000% reports for investors.

0
5085

## How to contact International Speculator with Questions?

Should investors have doubts or concerns that need addressing in relation to their subscription plans, the best number to reach the customer service team is either (800)-621-0699 or (888) 512-2739.

## Is there a penalty fee for unsubscribing to the International Speculator?

Should one decide to unsubscribe to the International Speculator, they should do so at least one day prior to the renewal date, otherwise the renewal fee will be charged regardless.

## Is David Forest Legitimate?

Stock Gumshoe has given Forest’s service a 3/5. This reflects the overall investment’s performance (3), the analysis and written portions (3.5), the value of the membership (3) and the customer service team (3). Based on previous investors’ experience, of the recommendations Forest has given, at least 13% of them excelled, bringing in valuable gains. Others deem Doug Casey as being knowledgeable in the field, but very risky when it comes to investing. However, the latter depends on each individual’s comfort with risk, and this could drastically vary from one to the next.

format: plain


text:
# Expectation value of momentum

1. Nov 2, 2011

### posion117

Ψ(x)=(2/a)^(1/2) [csin(nπx/a)]

The Expectation value of momentum <P>=∫Ψ＊(x)[-ih d/dx ] Ψ(x) dx = 0
the average momentum is zero.It means the particle is moving equally in the +x and -x.

And
if Ψ(x)=(2/a)^(1/2) {csin(πx/a)+dsin(2πx/a)}

I calculate the average momentum is also zero,too,
Is this means the same?
My teacher didn't tell me the answer,and he say it is not zero "intuitively".
But i think it is zero,isn't?

Because Ψ(x)=(2/a)^(1/2) [csin(πx/a)]+ (2/a)^(1/2) [dsin(2πx/a)]
according to the Ψ(x)=(2/a)^(1/2) [csin(nπx/a)] ---> <p>=0
so <p>=0+0=0

thanks.

Last edited: Nov 2, 2011
2. Nov 2, 2011

### Runner 1

That's not quite what it means. It means that upon measurement, the particle has an equal likelihood of being found moving in either the +x or -x direction (I assume we're talking about a particle in a box).

For any* wavefunction at all (even something weird like $\psi(x) = 3x^x$), the expected momentum will be 0 so long as $\psi(0) = \psi(a) = 0$.

Here's why:

$$\langle p_x \rangle = \int_{0}^{a} \psi^{*}(x) \left[ -i \hbar \frac{d\psi}{dx} \right]\, dx$$

$$\langle p_x \rangle = -i \hbar \int_{0}^{a} \psi(x) \frac{d\psi}{dx}\, dx$$

$$\langle p_x \rangle = \frac{-i \hbar}{2}\left[ \psi(a)^2 - \psi(0)^2 \right]$$

$$\langle p_x \rangle = 0$$

*The above math does not verify if this is true for complex wavefunctions, but my guess is "probably". If someone wants to prove/disprove that, feel free.

Last edited: Nov 2, 2011
3. Nov 2, 2011

### posion117

so if the Ψ(x)=(2/a)^(1/2) {csin(πx/a)+dsin(2πx/a)}
do the <P>=0 ??

4. Nov 2, 2011

### Runner 1

Yep -- for a particle in a box. (Although I am assuming you meant to put an "n" in the argument of each sine function).

5. Nov 2, 2011

thanks ^^


text:
# Divide (x^-1+y^-1)/(x-y)

Simplify the numerator.
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Multiply and .
Multiply and .
Reorder the factors of .
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Multiply and .
Split the fraction into two fractions.
Cancel the common factor of .
Cancel the common factor.
Rewrite the expression.
Cancel the common factor of .
Cancel the common factor.
Rewrite the expression.
Divide (x^-1+y^-1)/(x-y)
Scroll to top


text:
# Chapter 32 - Think and Explain: 40

The probability amplitude is what "waves".

#### Work Step by Step

The solution to Schrodinger's equation is a matter wave, the wave function $\psi$. The physical interpretation of $\psi$ is as a probability amplitude. The particle associated with the matter wave is more likely to be found where $\psi$ has a large amplitude, i.e., where it is large. The particle is less likely to be found where $\psi$ has a small amplitude, i.e., where it is small. The probability density function, $|\psi|^{2}$, is the square of the probability amplitude. This is discussed on page 610.

After you claim an answer you’ll have 24 hours to send in a draft. An editor will review the submission and either publish your submission or provide feedback.


text:
# On how to best describe/denote expressions composed of two tuples where the values of one of the tuples depends on the other's size?

What I want to do is formalize a general way to present a pair of tuples (tupleA and tupleB) such that:

1. the potential values of both tuples are the natural numbers (0 included).

2. No duplicate elements in either tuple.

3. The values (and size) of tupleB are restricted in 3 ways with the first two depending upon the size of tupleA.

-If tupleA has a size of n, then the size of tupleB can not be greater than 3n.

-Each element of tupleB must be less than or equal to 3n.

-If 0 is an element of any given tupleB, then it must be the sole element in tupleB.

4. There is an order to the elements of any given tupleB, with this order being a regular less-than ordering (there are no order restrictions on tupleA)

5. Both tupleA and tupleB should be presented as some sort of cohesive unit which itself is referable (say as simply "expression 1", "expression 2", etc...). Also note, the syntax--by this I mean their position on paper relative to one another isn't really of any concern, but the situation must simply be such that one can distinguish between tupleA and tupleB of the whole expression so as to be able to refer to just a single one of them. This is because I want to be able to eventually define an operation * by saying (tupleB_of_expression1) * (tupleB_of_expression2) = ...

Examples of expressions meeting this criteria (where the syntax is that of: tupleA.tupleB) :

• (0,2,3).(1,3,5,6,7,9)
• (3,0,2).(1,3,5,6,7,9)
• (3).(2,3)
• (7,6,3,9).(12)
• (2,0).(1,2,3,4)

the following expressions would not meet the criteria:

• (1,4).(7) ...'7' in tupleB is greater than 3(size_of_tupleA)=6
• (5,3,6).(0,4) ....'0' is in tupleB which means it should be the only element in tupleB, but it is not
• (1).(6,4,3,6,2) ...size of tupleB is too big (values of elements are also too large and not ordered properly)

Here is my attempt at doing this:

First note that I treat functions as being defined as tuples.

Let [n] ={0,1,2,...,n-1}

Let [n]$^*$ = {1,2,3,...,n}

$\mathbb{N}$ = {0,1,2,3,...}

Note: $X^{\underline{Y}}$ denotes the set of all injective functions, $f$, from the set $Y$ to the set $X$

Let $\mathcal{T_a}$ = $\bigcup\limits_{ n=1}^\infty \mathbb{N}^{\underline{[ n]}}$

So $\mathcal{T_a}$ is full of elements like (1), (32), (0,2,4) etc..

The elements of $\mathcal{T_a}$ are considered to be the tupleA's.

side question: Since functions can be defined as tuples--and since that is how
I will be treating them here--is it ok to refer to the size of one of the injective functions and say:

$\forall$ t $\in \mathcal{T_a}$, |t| denotes the size of t

...it just feels odd treating the elements of $\mathcal{T}$ as both functions and tuples. But then again, functions are indeed defined here according to their tuple definition, so I will be using that notation.

For a given t $\in \mathcal{T_a}$,

Let $\mathcal{T_b}$ = {(0)} $\cup$ $\bigcup\limits_{ n=1}^{3|t|} {[ 3|t| ]^*}^{\underline{[n]}}$ such that $\forall j,k \in [n]$ ($j<k \rightarrow (f(j) < f(k)))$

• I feel like starting from the "such that" part above may not be how one usually adds such a restriction, or is it?

The elements of $\mathcal{T_b}$ are to be considered as the valid tupleB's corresponding to some tupleA, t.

Now to formalize what expressions are considered to be well-formed, would the following be acceptable?

For all $t_a$ $\in$ $\mathcal{T_a}$,

$t_a$.$t_b$

is considered well-formed for all $t_b$ $\in$ $\mathcal{T_b}$ (which is of course, defined in part via the supplied $t_a$).

I'm struggling on how to define the well-formed expression and making explicit that tupleB depends on tupleA. I'm not sure if the above is sufficient.

Example

Consider $t_a$ = (1)

This would be our "tupleA" part of the overall expression to which (1) belongs.

then the well-formed expressions corresponding to $t_a$ are determined first by determining $\mathcal{T_b}$. Since $t_a$ is of size 1, $\mathcal{T_b}$ would be the the union of the following sets:

• the set whose sole element is the tuple: (0)

For my co-domain I am using sets of the form [n]$^*$ so that the restriction of there not being any tuples which have both '0' as an element as well as some other distinct element is met. And so I would need to add this set whose sole element is the tuple '(0)' separately since it wouldn't be included otherwise, correct?

• the set of all injective functions from [1] to [3]$^*$ meeting the restriction given
• the set of all injective functions from [2] to [3]$^*$ meeting the restriction given
• the set of all sets of injective functions from [3] to [3]$^*$ meeting the restriction given

So our $\mathcal{T_b}$ would = {(0),(1),(2),(3),(1,2),(1,3),(2,3),(1,2,3)}

Thus the following are all those well-formed expressions which has a tupleA part of (1):

• (1).(0)
• (1).(1)
• (1).(2)
• (1).(3)
• (1).(1,2)
• (1).(1,3)
• (1).(2,3)
• (1).(1,2,3)

So what is the best way to achieve what I am trying to achieve ?Would what has been provided here be sufficient?

• I think you are overcomplicating things. The description you have in the beginning of the question is formal enough for most discourse. But anyway, for $\mathcal T_a$ you could use $\mathbb N^*$, the set of all finite strings over $\mathbb N$. – user856 Nov 23 '16 at 6:25
• Using $\mathbb{N}^*$ is a good insight, I will update the post in the morning, thanks. As for complicating things, this is probably true to an extent, however I would nonetheless like something as formal as possible and not just something worthy of most discourse. – Boolean_functions Nov 23 '16 at 6:38

If I were you, I'd just write

A [thing/object/whatever] is a pair $(a,b)$, where $a = (a_1,\ldots,a_n)$ is an $n$-tuple of natural numbers without duplicates, and $b \subseteq \{0,\ldots,3n\}$ is a nonempty set of natural numbers between $0$ and $3n$, with the condition that $0 \in b$ if and only if $b = \{0\}$.

We extend the notation $|a|$ to denote the number of entries in a tuple, $|(a_1,\ldots,a_n)| = n$.

This is analogous to how graphs are defined as pairs $(V,E)$ where $V$ is a set and $E$ is a subset of $V^2$, subject to certain conditions.

• I would need to add a bit to your example in regards to the restrictions (both a and b cannot have duplicates (not just a),and the elements of b must be ordered according to some relation), but this seems like a great way of going about what I am trying to do. Very simple (not nearly as over-complicated) and concise. Thanks. – Boolean_functions Nov 23 '16 at 19:16
• Sorted sequences without duplicates are essentially the same as sets, so $b\subseteq\{0,\ldots,3n\}$ takes care of both your additional restrictions. By "essentially the same" I mean that any sorted sequence without duplicates can be uniquely associated with a set and vice versa. – user856 Nov 23 '16 at 21:06
• Also I just realized that the condition $1 \le |b| \le 3n$ is redundant: If $b \subseteq \{0,\ldots,3n\}$, then the only ways the condition can be violated are if $|b| = 0$ or $|b| = 3n+1$. The former can be avoided by specifying that $b$ is nonempty, and the latter is not allowed because then $0\in b$. Though you should consider whether you do want to allow $|a| = 0$ or $|b| = 0$. – user856 Nov 23 '16 at 21:11


text:
# Centralizer-commutator product decompoition for abelian groups

## Statement

Suppose $A$ is an Abelian group and $G \le \operatorname{Aut}(A)$ is a finite group such that the map $a \mapsto |G|a$ is a bijective map on $A$ (when $A$ is finite, this is equivalent to requiring that the orders of $A$ and $G$ be relatively prime). Define:

• $[A,G]$ is the subgroup generated by elements of $A$ of the form $g(a) - a$, where $a \in A, g \in G$.
• $C_A(G)$ is the subgroup comprising those $a \in A$ such that $g(a) = a$.

Note that these correspond to the usual notions of commutator of two subgroups and centralizer if we look inside the semidirect product of $A$ by $G$.

Then, $A$ is the internal direct product of the subgroups $[A,G]$ and $C_A(G)$. In other words, we have:

$A = [A,G] \times C_A(G)$.

## Proof

Given: A finite Abelian group $A$, a group $G \le \operatorname{Aut}(A)$ such that the orders of $A$ and $G$ are relatively prime.

To prove: $A = [A,G] \times C_A(G)$

Proof: We define a map $\pi: A \to A$, prove that $\pi$ is a projection, and show that the kernel and image of $\pi$ are $[A,G]$ and $C_A(G)$ respectively.

Define:

$\pi(a) = \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_{g \in G} g(a)$.

Note that this expression makes sense because the multiplication by $|G|$ map is invertible in $A$ by the condition of relatively prime orders.

We observe that:

$\pi \circ g = g \circ \pi = \pi \ \forall \ g \in G$.

This is because $\pi \circ g$ and $g \circ \pi$ yield the same summation as $\pi$, in a different order, and the group is Abelian.

This further yields:

$\pi^2 = \pi$.

Thus, $\pi$ is an idempotent endomorphism of $A$. In other words, the image of $\pi$ equals its fixed-point space.

1. Computation of the image of $\pi$:
1. $C_A(G)$ is in the image: If $a \in C_A(G)$, then $g(a) = a$ for all $g \in G$, so $\pi(a) = a$. Thus, $\pi(a) = a$, so $C_A(G)$ is in the fixed-point space of $\pi$.
2. The image is in $C_A(G)$: If $a$ is fixed under $\pi$, then $a = \pi(a) = g(\pi(a)) = g(a)$, so $a$ is fixed by all $g \in G$. Thus, the fixed-point space of $\pi$, which is also the image of $\pi$, is precisely $C_A(G)$.
2. Computation of the kernel of $\pi$:
1. $[A,G]$ is in the kernel: Let's now consider the kernel of $\pi$. Suppose $a = g(b) - b$ for some $b \in A$. Then $\pi(a) = \pi(g(b)) - \pi(b) = \pi(b) - \pi(b) = 0$. Thus, any element in $[A,G]$ is in the kernel of $\pi$.
2. The kernel is in $[A,G]$: If $\pi(a) = 0$, then $a = - \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_{g \in G} g(a) - a$. This yields that $a \in [A,G]$. Thus, the kernel of $\pi$ is precisely $[A,G]$.


text:
## 代数学コロキウム

開催情報 水曜日　17:00～18:00　数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室 今井 直毅, 三枝 洋一

### 2010年06月09日(水)

16:15-17:15   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 052号室
Richard Hain 氏 (Duke大学)
Universal mixed elliptic motives (ENGLISH)
[ 講演概要 ]
This is joint work with Makoto Matsumoto. A mixed elliptic
motive is a mixed motive (MHS, Galois representation, etc) whose
weight graded quotients are Tate twists of symmetric powers of the the
motive of elliptic curve. A universal mixed elliptic motive is an
object that can be specialized to a mixed elliptic motive for any
elliptic curve and whose specialization to the nodal cubic is a mixed
Tate motive. Universal mixed elliptic motives form a tannakian
category. In this talk I will define universal mixed elliptic motives,
give some fundamental examples, and explain what we know about the
fundamental group of this category. The "geometric part" of this group
is an extension of SL_2 by a prounipotent group that is generated by
Eisenstein series and which has a family of relations for each cusp
form. Although these relations are not known, we have a very good idea
of what they are, thanks to work of Aaron Pollack, who determined
relations between the generators in a very large representation of
this group.

### 2010年06月09日(水)

17:30-18:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Fabrice Orgogozo 氏 (CNRS, École polytechnique)
エタールコホモロジーの高次順像の一様構成可能性について
(ENGLISH)
[ 講演概要 ]
Z_ℓエタールコホモロジーの捻れとF_ℓコホモロジーの超積の関係を巡り
N. Katz氏の指摘に基づいて、高次順像に於けるℓに対する

(この様な定理は以前よりガバー氏の構想に有った。)
ここでは月並みな方法で有るが、A.J.de Jong氏の定理と

(本講演は「東京パリ数論幾何セミナー」として、インターネットによる東大数理とIHESとの双方向同時中継で行います。)

### 2010年06月02日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室

On some algebraic properties of CM-types of CM-fields and their
reflex fields (JAPANESE)
[ 講演概要 ]
Shimura and Taniyama proved in their theory of complex
multiplication that the moduli of abelian varieties of a CM-type and their
torsion points generate an abelian extension, not of the field of complex
multiplication, but of a reflex field of the field. In this talk, I
introduce some algebraic properties of CM-types, half norm maps that might
shed new light on reflex fields.

For a CM-field $K$ and its Galois closure $K^c$ over the rational field $Q$,
there is a canonical embedding of $Gal (K^c/Q)$ into $(Z/2Z)^n \\rtimes S_n$.
Using properties of the embedding, a set of CM-types $\\Phi$ of $K$ and their
dual CM-types $(K, \\Phi)$ is equipped with a combinatorial structure. This
makes it much easier to handle a whole set of CM-types than an individual
CM-type.

I present a theorem that shows the combinatorial structure of the dual
CM-types is isomorphic to that of a Pfister form.

### 2010年05月12日(水)

17:30-18:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室

Differences between
Galois representations in outer-automorphisms
of the fundamental groups and those in automorphisms, implied by
topology of moduli spaces (ENGLISH)
[ 講演概要 ]
Fix a prime l. Let C be a proper smooth geometrically connected curve over a number ﬁeld K, and x be its closed point. Let Π denote the pro-l completion of the geometric fundamental group of C with geometric base point over x. We have two non-abelian Galois representations:

ρA : Galk(x) → Aut(Π),ρO : GalK → Out(Π).

Our question is: in the natural inclusion Ker(ρA) ⊂ Ker(ρO) ∩ Galk(x), whether the equality holds or not. Theorem: Assume that g ≥ 3, l divides 2g -2. Then, there are inﬁnitely many pairs (C, K) with the following property. If l does not divide the extension degree [k(x): K], then Ker(ρA) = (Ker(ρO) ∩ Galk(x)) holds.

This is in contrast to the case of the projective line minus three points and its canonical tangential base points, where the equality holds (a result of Deligne and Ihara).

There are two ingredients in the proof: (1) Galois representations often contain the image of the geometric monodromy (namely, the mapping class group) [M-Tamagawa 2000] (2) A topological result [S. Morita 98] [Hain-Reed 2000] on the cohomological obstruction of lifting the outer action of the mapping class group to automorphisms.

(This lecture is held as `Arithmetic Geometry Seminar Tokyo-Paris' and it is transmitted to IHES by the internet.)

### 2010年04月14日(水)

17:30-18:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Gerard Laumon 氏 (CNRS, Universite Paris XI - Orsay)
The cohomological weighted fundamental lemma
[ 講演概要 ]
Using the Hitchin fibration, Ngo Bao Chau has proved the Langlands-Shelstad fundamental lemma. In a joint work with Pierre-Henri Chaudouard, we have extended Ngo's proof to obtain the weighted fundamental lemma which had been conjectured by Arthur. In the talk, I would like to present our main cohomological result.

(本講演は「東京パリ数論幾何セミナー」として、インターネットによる東大数理とIHESとの双方向同時中継で行います。)

### 2009年11月18日(水)

16:30-18:45   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室

Elementary computation of ramified component of the Jacobi sum
[ 講演概要 ]
R. Coleman and W. McCallum calculated the Jacobi sum Hecke characters using their computation of the stable reduction of the Fermat curve in 1988. In my talk, we give an elementary proof of the main result of them without using rigid geometry or the stable model of the Fermat curve.
Christopher Deninger 氏 (Universität Münster) 17:45-18:45
P-divisible groups and the p-adic Corona problem

### 2009年10月21日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Bernard Le Stum 氏 (Université de Rennes 1)
The local Simpson correspondence in positive characteristic
[ 講演概要 ]
A Simpson correspondance should relate Higgs bundles to differential modules (or local systems). We stick here to positive characteristic and recall some old and recent results : Cartier isomorphism, Van der Put's classification, Kaneda's theorem and Ogus-Vologodsky local theory. We'll try to explain how the notion of Azumaya algebra is a convenient tool to unify these results. Our main theorem is the equivalence between quasi-nilpotent differential modules of level m and quasi-nilpotent Higgs Bundles (depending on a lifting of Frobenius mod p-squared). This result is a direct generalization of the previous ones. The main point is to understand the Azumaya nature of the ring of differential operators of level m. Following Berthelot, we actually use the dual theory and study the partial divided power neighborhood of the diagonal.

### 2009年10月07日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Ahmed Abbes 氏 (Université de Rennes 1)
On GAGA theorems for the rigide-étale topology
[ 講演概要 ]
Last year, I finished my course in Todai on "Rigide Geometry following M. Raynaud" by stating a GAGA theorem for the rigide-étale topology, due to Gabber and Fujiwara. I will give a new proof of this theorem, inspired by another theorem of Gabber, namely the Affine analog of the proper base change theorem.

### 2009年09月14日(月)

11:00-12:00   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 123号室
いつもと、曜日、時間、教室が違います。

Dinakar Ramakrishnan 氏 (カリフォルニア工科大学)
Modular forms and Calabi-Yau varieties

### 2009年08月07日(金)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 117号室
いつもと曜日が違います。
Fabien Trihan 氏 (Nottingham大学)
On the $p$-parity conjecture in the function field case
[ 講演概要 ]
Let $F$ be a function field in one variable with field of constant a finite field of characteristic $p>0$. Let $E/F$ be an elliptic curve over $F$. We show that the order of the Hasse-Weil $L$-function of $E/F$ at $s=1$ and the corank of the $p$-Selmer group of $E/F$ have the same parity (joint work with C. Wuthrich).

### 2009年06月24日(水)

16:30-18:45   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Vincent Maillot 氏 (Paris第7大学) 16:30-17:30
New algebraicity results for analytic torsion
Richard Hain 氏 (Duke大学) 17:45-18:45
On the Section Conjecture for the universal curve over function fields

### 2009年06月10日(水)

16:30-18:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Bruno Kahn 氏 (Paris第7大学)
On the classifying space of a linear algebraic group

### 2009年06月03日(水)

16:30-18:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Bruno Kahn 氏 (Paris第7大学)

### 2009年05月27日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Gombodorj Bayarmagnai 氏 (東京大学大学院数理科学研究科)
The (g,K)-module structure of principal series and related Whittaker functions of SU(2,2)

### 2009年05月20日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室

Generalized Whittaker functions for degenerate principal series of GL(4,R)

### 2009年05月13日(水)

16:30-18:45   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室

A counterexample of Bloch-Kato conjecture over a local field and infinite torsion in algebraic cycles of codimension two

### 2009年01月28日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Pierre Colmez 氏 (École polytechnique)
On the p-adic local Langlands correspondence

### 2008年12月03日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室

Mean-periodicity and analytic properties of zeta-functions
[ 講演概要 ]
Mean-periodicityというのは周期性の概念のひとつの一般化である。最近、I. Fesenko, G. Ricottaとの共同研究により、数論的スキームのゼータ関数を含むある複素関数のクラスと、mean-periodicityとの関連性が新しく見出された。
これはHecke-Weilによる, 解析接続と関数等式を持つDirichlet級数と保型形式との対応の一つの拡張ともみなせる. この背景には, I. Fesenkoの高次元アデール上のゼータ積分の理論があり、数論的スキームのHasseゼータ関数の解析接続を高次元アデール上の調和解析から導こうというプログラムの一環となっている。
この講演ではそのような背景にも若干触れた上、ゼータ関数の解析的性質とmean-periodicityの関連、特に解析接続と関数等式との関連について解説する。

### 2008年11月26日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室

Lang's Observation in Diophantine Problems
[ 講演概要 ]
In 1964, Serge Lang suggested the following problem, which reads now as follows:
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over a number field $K$, and $\\varphi$ be a rational function on $E$. Then, for every point $P\\in E(K)$ where $\\varphi$ does not vanish at $P$, the logarithms of a norm of $\\varphi(P)$ is at worst linear in the logarithms of the Neron-Tate height of the point $P$.
We give a simultaneous Diophantine approximation for linear forms in elliptic logarithms which actually implies this conjecture. We also present Lang's observations in Diophantine problems.

### 2008年11月19日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Olivier Fouquet 氏 (大阪大学)
Dihedral Iwasawa theory of ordinary modular forms
[ 講演概要 ]
According to Hida theory, the Galois representation attached to a nearly-ordinary Hilbert eigencuspform belongs to a p-adic analytic family of Galois representations parametrized by varying weights. After restricting it to the absolute Galois group of a quadratic totally complex extension, it also belongs to a p-adic family coming from classical dihedral Iwasawa theory. We will explain the proofs of part of the main conjecture in Iwasawa theory in these situations, i.e divisibilities of characteristic ideals when equalities are actually expected.

### 2008年10月29日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
Daniel Caro 氏 (Université de Caen)
Overholonomicity of overconvergence $F$-isocrystals on smooth varieties
[ 講演概要 ]
Let $¥mathcal{V}$ be a complete discrete valuation ring
of characteristic $0$, with perfect residue field $k$ of
characteristic $p>0$. In order to construct $p$-adic coefficients
over $k$-varieties, Berthelot introduced the theory of
overconvergent $F$-isocrystals, i.e overconvergent isocrystals with
Frobenius structure. Moreover, to get a $p$-adic cohomology over
$k$-varieties stable under cohomological operations, Berthelot built
the theory of arithmetic $F$-$¥mathcal{D}$-modules. In this talk,
after recalling some elements of these theories, we introduce the
notion of overholonomicity with is a property as stable as the
holonomicity in the classical theory of $¥mathcal{D}$-modules. The
goal of the talk is to prove the overholonomicity of arithmetic
$¥mathcal{D}$-modules associated to overconvergent $F$-isocrystals
over smooth $k$-varieties. In the proof we need Christol's transfert
theorem, a comparison theorem between relative log rigid cohomology
and relative rigid cohomology and last but not least Kedlaya's
semistable reduction theorem. This is a joint work with Nobuo
Tsuzuki.

### 2008年10月22日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 056号室
10月から教室が056号室に変更になります.
Pierre Parent 氏 (Universite Bordeaux 1)
Serre's uniformity in the split Cartan case
[ 講演概要 ]
We show that, for large enough prime number p, the modular curve
X_{split}(p) has no other point with values in Q than CM points and the rational cusp. This gives a partial answer to an old question of J.-P. Serre concerning the uniform surjectivity of Galois representations associated to torsion points on elliptic curves without complex multiplication.
(Joint work with Yuri Bilu.)

### 2008年09月29日(月)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 117号室
いつもと曜日が異なりますのでご注意下さい.
Christopher Deninger 氏 (Munster大学)
A determinant for p-adic group algebras
[ 講演概要 ]
For a discrete countable group G there is a classical determinant on the units of the L^1-convolution algebra of G. It is defined using functional analysis and can be used for example to calculate the entropy of certain G-actions. We will discuss a p-adic analogue of this theory. Instead of functional analysis the definition of the p-adic determinant uses algebraic K-theory. It has an application to the study of the p-adic distribution of periodic G-orbits in certain G-action.

### 2008年08月27日(水)

16:30-17:30   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 117号室
Don Zagier 氏 (Max Planck研究所)
$q$-series and modularity

### 2008年08月01日(金)

13:00-18:00   数理科学研究科棟(駒場) 002号室
4講演あります.また,いつもと曜日,時間,場所が異なります.
ご注意下さい.

Olivier Brinon 氏 (Paris北大学) 13:00-14:00
B_dR-representations and Higgs bundles
Henrik Russell 氏 (Duisburg-Essen大学) 14:15-15:15
Generalized Albanese and duality
Thomas Geisser 氏 (南California大学) 15:45-16:45
Negative K-theory, homotopy invariance and regularity
[ 講演概要 ]
The topic of my talk are two classical conjectures in K-theory:
Weibel's conjecture states that a scheme of dimension d
has no K-groups below degree -d, and Vorst's conjecture
states that homotopy invariance of the K-theory of rings
implies that the ring must be regular.
I will give an easy introduction to the conjectures, and discuss
recent progress.
Fabien Trihan 氏 (Nottingham大学) 17:00-18:00
On Iwasawa theory for abelian varieties over function fields of positive characteristic


text:
4
Q:

# What annual installment will discharge a debt of Rs. 1092 due in 3 years at 12% S.I?

Q:

The simple interest on a sum of money is 1/9 of the principal and the number of years is equal to the rate percent per annum. The rate percent per annum is?

Let the sum be Rs.x, then S.I = Rs. $\inline&space;\frac{x}{9}$

Let the rate be R% per annum and the time be  R years then $\inline&space;\frac{x}{9}=\frac{x\times&space;R\times&space;R}{100}$

$\inline&space;\Rightarrow&space;R=\sqrt{\frac{100}{9}}=\frac{10}{3}=3\frac{1}{3}$ %

1598
Q:

At What rate percent per annum will a sum of money double itself is 12 years?

Let the principal be Rs. P and the rate be R% per annum

Since  it doubles in 12 years.

So, simple interest is Rs. P

$\inline&space;\therefore$ $\inline&space;P=\frac{P\times&space;R\times&space;12}{100}$

$\inline&space;\Rightarrow$ 12R = 100

$\inline&space;\Rightarrow&space;R=\frac{100}{12}=8\frac{1}{3}$ %

$\inline&space;\therefore$ Hence, rate = $\inline&space;8\frac{1}{3}$ % per annum

551
Q:

A person lends Rs. 300 to A at 4% and Rs.540 to B at 6% for the same time. if the total amount that he gets at the end is Rs. 1032. What is the time?

Money lent to A+B = (300+ 540) = Rs. 840

Interest received = Rs. 1032 - Rs.840 = Rs. 192

Interest on Rs. 300 lent to A for 1 year = $\inline&space;\frac{300\times&space;4}{100}$ = Rs. 12

Interest on Rs.540 lent to B for 1 year = $\inline&space;\frac{540\times&space;20}{3\times&space;100}$ = Rs. 36

$\inline&space;\therefore$ Total yearly interest = Rs.(12+36)

= Rs.48

If interest is Rs. 48, time = 1 year

if interest is Rs. 192, time = $\inline&space;\frac{1}{48}\times&space;192$

= 4 years

460
Q:

Mohan borrowed a sum of Rs. 12000 at 15% per annum from a money -lender on 13th January 1987 and returned the amount on 8th June 1987 to clear his debt. what was the amount by Mohan to the money-lender to clear his debt?

Here P= Rs. 12,000 , R= 15%

T = Money kept for the No of days divided by 365

$\inline&space;\Rightarrow$ Jan (31-13) = 18 days

Feb               = 28 days

March           = 31 days

April             = 30 days

May              = 31 days

June             = 8 days

Total = 146 days

$\inline&space;\therefore$ T = $\inline&space;\frac{146}{365}=\frac{2}{5}$ years

$\inline&space;\therefore$ S.I = $\inline&space;\frac{P\times&space;R\times&space;T}{100}$

= $\inline&space;\frac{12000\times&space;15\times&space;2}{100\times&space;5}$ years

= Rs. 720

A = 12000 + 720 = Rs. 12720

Mohan paid Rs. 12,720 to the money-lender to clear his debt.

371
Q:

What is the SI on Rs.7500/- at the rate of 10% per annum for 5 years?

 A) 3750 B) 2750 C) 1750 D) 750


text:
Adult male American alligators measure 3.4 to 4.6 m (11.2 to 15.1 ft) in length, and can weigh up to 453 kg (999 lb). Females are smaller, measuring 2.6 to 3 m (8.5 to 9.8 ft) in length. The American alligator inhabits freshwater wetlands, such as marshes and cypress swamps from Texas to southeastern and coastal North Carolina. It is distinguished from the sympatric American crocodile by its broader snout, with overlapping jaws and darker coloration, and is less tolerant of saltwater but more tolerant of cooler climates than the American crocodile, which is found only in tropical climates. American alligators are apex predators and consume fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Hatchlings feed mostly on invertebrates. They play an important role as ecosystem engineers in wetland ecosystems through the creation of alligator holes, which provide both wet and dry habitats for other organisms. Throughout the year, in particular during the breeding season, American alligators bellow to ...
We examined indices of salt gland function both in vivo and in vitro and the ultrastructual morphology of the salt secreting tissue of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus to determine its long-term adaptive capacity and phenotypic plasticity following chronic exposure to hypo- and hyperosmotic environmental conditions. As previously established, salt glands play a pivotal role in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis in C. porosus living in hyperosmotic conditions. However, little was known about long-term effects of prolonged exposure to hyperosmotic environments on the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. All haematological values measured in this study for SW-acclimated animals were within the ranges reported for wild-caught C. porosus living in water bodies of varying salinities (Grigg, 1981; Wells et al., 1991), suggesting that SW-acclimated crocodiles were able to successfully maintain osmotic homeostasis despite extended exposure to hyperosmotic conditions. Moreover, extended ...
Floridas fearsome lord of the swamps, the American alligator, ranks sixth in the world in the power of its bite.The strongest bite belongs to the saltwater crocodile, a Pacific ocean species
The saltwater crocodile is most commonly found on the coasts of northern Australia, and the islands of New Guinea and Indonesia. It ranges west as far as the shores of Sri Lanka and eastern India, all
The (maximal) bite force of the Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is estimated around 22,000 Newton (refer to YouTube interview with Ofer Kobi, a crocodile conservation ranger and croc farm owner, time 7:50-8:00, Hebrew , where he estimates the bite force as above 2 metric tons). However, I didnt find a proper reference for this. Dr. Gregory Erickson measured the bite forces of a 5.2 meters long Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and obtained a value of about 16,000+ Newton and estimated a 6.7 meters long Saltwater Crocodile can exert a bite twice as strong (about 34,000 Newton). See Paper by Gregory Erickson et al. Interesting to note that Erickson measured small Nile Crocodile (total body length , 3 meters) so it does not represent the bite force of a full adult big crocodile.. Remarks on units of force:. 1 Newton = 1 kg * 1 meter / sec^2. $1 \ \mathrm{Newton} = \frac{\mathrm{kg} \times \mathrm{meter}}{\mathrm{second}^2}$. 1 Newton = 0.224808943 lbf = 0.225 lbf (pound-force). 10,000 ...
Alligators experience large but variable increases in LES pressure during bouts of ventilation compared with apnea. The increase in pressure generally ranged from 200% to 3000%. However, on rare occasions, no pressure increase was seen coincident with ventilation. Fluctuations in LES pressure during apnea and ventilation have also been observed in anesthetized piglets (Kiatchoosakun et al., 2002). Kiatchoosakun et al. (2002) used hypoxia to stimulate respiratory rate and found a peak increase in LES pressure of 49% (from a baseline of 0.65±0.09kPa to 1.0±0.12kPa). This increase in LES pressure was blocked by atropine, indicating cholinergic control of LES tone. A decline in LES pressure accompanied the development of apnea during a subsequent hyperoxic exposure. These authors suggest that a loss of respiratory neural output might contribute to the loss of LES tone. A cholinergic-dependent neuromuscular control of the LES is also observed in humans. Thus, the changes in pressure observed within ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
To explore CR1 distribution in C. porosus, macroarrays were screened with CR1b-derived overgos or a combination of CR1a and CR1b overgos. Comparison of the CR1b- and CR1a/b-probed macroarrays revealed that the CR1a and CR1b subfamilies are not distinguishable in our assay, i.e., virtually no differences in hybridization pattern and intensity were observed when comparing the CR1b and CR1a/CR1b filters (data not shown). It was clear, however, that elements similar to CR1a and b are fairly abundant in C. porosus. Examination of one-quarter of the CR1a/b-probed macroarray (Figure 3A) indicates that 8.9% of clones show hybridization to the CR1a/b overgos while CR1b overgo hybridization to a filter stamped with the contents of a single 384-well plate from the BAC library suggests that 12.8% of clones (49 of 384) are positive for the CR1b overgo (Figure 4). Densitometric analysis of the macroarray reveals that there is a six-fold variation in positive clone hybridization intensity. If the lightest, but ...
Define Archosauria. Archosauria synonyms, Archosauria pronunciation, Archosauria translation, English dictionary definition of Archosauria. Noun 1. Archosauria - a large subclass of diapsid reptiles including: crocodiles; alligators; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; plesiosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts...
American Alligator - Beware of this fast swimmer and powerful biter in the Southeast rivers and fresh waters. It can grow to be 14 ft or perhaps more!
Seems like nothing is more fascinating to a second grader than crocodiles and other semi-monsters. Usually, kids wonder about the difference between alligators and crocodiles. This book, part of the "Which Animal is Which?" series, gives definitive answers for that difference in a way that second graders can understand.. Alligators live in fresh water. Crocodiles can live in salt water. The reptiles snouts are shaped differently. Alligators have a wider jaw and are a darker color. Only a few of an alligators top teeth show when its mouth is closed. Crocodiles show most of their teeth with their mouths closed. Alligator mothers make mounds for their eggs. Crocodile mothers dig holes. Alligator mothers stay with the babies for up to a year. Crocodiles leave the young once they reach the water. All these ideas are easily accessible and memorable for kids.. The photographs included provide wonderful illustrations of the concepts discussed. Who can resist the smile of a crocodile? And its amazing ...
A crocodile farm or alligator farm is an establishment for breeding and raising of crocodilians in order to produce crocodile and alligator meat, leather, and other goods. Many species of both alligators and crocodiles are farmed internationally. In Louisiana alone, alligator farming is a $60 to$70 million industry. Though not truly domesticated, alligators and crocodiles have been bred in farms since at least the early 20th century. Most of these early businesses, such as St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park, established in 1893, were farms in name only, primarily keeping alligators and crocodiles as a tourist attraction. Only in the 1960s did commercial operations that either harvested eggs from the wild or bred alligators on-site begin to appear. This was largely driven by diminishing stocks of wild alligators, which had been hunted nearly to extinction by that time. As the American alligator was placed under official protection in 1967 (under a law preceding the 1973 Endangered ...
An accurate count of annual crocodile attacks on humans is difficult to obtain. Many of the areas in which humans and large crocodiles come into contact are remote, impoverished, or in areas of political unrest. Crocodile attacks are not always reported to local authorities, and some reports are difficult to verify. Nevertheless, some information does exist: for example, it was reported by CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe that in the first ten months of the year in 2005 crocodiles were the number one cause of death in humans where wildlife was involved - with the number of deaths cited as 13. Unlike other "man-eating" crocodiles, such as the saltwater crocodile, the Nile crocodile lives in proximity to human populations, so contact is more frequent. Although most attacks are not reported, the Nile crocodile is estimated to kill hundreds (possibly thousands) of people each year, which is more than all other crocodilian species combined.[2][3] One study posited the number of attacks by Nile crocodiles per ...
Over their monthlong expedition, photographer Trevor Frost and filmmaker Melissa Lesh set out to capture photos and videos of saltwater crocodiles that no one has seen before- the dinners-eye view. They had nine successful deployments, which captured what is likely the first videos ever of a saltwater crocodile attack from the inside of its mouth.When Frost first went to Australia a few years ago, he was shocked to find out that there are still crocodile hunters. He became fascinated with the subculture surrounding saltwater crocodiles, the largest living reptile. Saltwater crocodiles grow to about 20 feet in length and can weigh over 2,200 pounds. And if that doesnt seem like danger enough for a hunter, saltwater crocs have the strongest recorded bite force of any animal on the planet-anywhere between 3,000 and 5,000 pounds per square inch. That kind of force can easily crush a human skull. There were only an estimated 3,000 saltwater crocs left in Australia by 1970, but now some scientists say there
Using our CAMP discovery process and only 100 μl of alligator plasma, we have previously identified five novel antimicrobial peptides from A. mississippiensis that exhibit antibacterial activity [8]. Our bioprospecting-based process provides a unique access to the antimicrobial peptidome, and is a significant advance in the effort to identify novel antimicrobial peptides in nature. In this study, we present detailed characterization of the structure and function of three alligator plasma-derived peptides: Apo5, Apo6, and A1P. We demonstrated that Apo5, Apo6, and A1P are potent antimicrobial peptides that extend their efficacy against multi-drug resistant and clinically relevant pathogens, such as A. baumannii. The two peptides Apo5 and Apo6 are both derived from a predicted apolipoprotein C-1 in A. mississippiensis. Apolipoproteins bind lipids; apolipoprotein C-1 in particular is known to bind phospholipids and is a marker of apoptosis [11, 12, 43, 44]. Apo6 is a smaller derivative of Apo5; ...
The name alligator comes from the Portuguese word lagarto (lat. Lacerta, t. E. A lizard) and commonly used in South America from the British and Dutch colonists, as well as in North America; The name of this animal caiman give negros Guiana and French colonists. True alligators come from Australia. They are named in honor of the Alligator River. Chinese and American alligators belong to the family of crocodiles and bear the name of a completely undeserved. Crocodiles are in the language of the salt gland. If they swallow too much salt water, excess salts are recovered through them into the environment ...
Ecology. Habitat. Fresh Water swamps and waterways only.. Distribution. Diet. Carnivorous, Fish, snakes, frogs, turtles, birds, and mammals.. Ecological Web. Activity and Behavior. Activity Pattern. Alligators are active durring the day and at night, this is considered cathemeral. Durring the day alligators thermoregulate and bask in the sun. Alligators hunt and feed primarily at night.. Behavior. Social Behavior. Young alligators stay near their hatchling site and form a tight social group. This behavior aids in survival and protection from predators. As adults, alligators do have loose social contact. Reproductive Behavior. Offspring. Between 30-50 eggs are laid in a ground litter nest for their incubation period. The eggs are then covered so that the temperature can rise. Warmer temperatures produce males, cooler temperatures produce females.. Conservation. Status. Historical. Current Threats. Our Role. ...
Posted on 05/18/2013 2:08:28 PM PDT by LibWhacker. An international team of scientists led by Prof Cheng-Ming Chuong from the University of Southern California has discovered unique cellular and molecular mechanisms behind tooth renewal in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis).. Their findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pave the way for tooth regeneration in people. Humans naturally only have two sets of teeth baby teeth and adult teeth. Ultimately, we want to identify stem cells that can be used as a resource to stimulate tooth renewal in adult humans who have lost teeth. But, to do that, we must first understand how they renew in other animals and why they stop in people, Prof Chuong said. Whereas most vertebrates can replace teeth throughout their lives, human teeth are naturally replaced only once, despite the lingering presence of a band of epithelial tissue called the dental lamina, which is crucial to tooth development. Because alligators ...
ID A0A151MF56_ALLMI Unreviewed; 2363 AA. AC A0A151MF56; DT 08-JUN-2016, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 08-JUN-2016, sequence version 1. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 11. DE RecName: Full=Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha {ECO:0000256,RuleBase:RU003808}; GN ORFNames=Y1Q_0005596 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO23157.1}; OS Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Archelosauria; Archosauria; Crocodylia; Alligatoridae; Alligatorinae; OC Alligator. OX NCBI_TaxID=8496 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO23157.1}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO23157.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000050525} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=KSC_2009_1 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO23157.1}; RX PubMed=22293439; DOI=10.1186/gb-2012-13-1-415; RA St John J.A., Braun E.L., Isberg S.R., Miles L.G., Chong A.Y., RA Gongora J., Dalzell P., Moran C., Bedhom B., Abzhanov A., RA Burgess S.C., Cooksey A.M., Castoe T.A., Crawford N.G., ...
ID A0A151M8E8_ALLMI Unreviewed; 1151 AA. AC A0A151M8E8; DT 08-JUN-2016, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 08-JUN-2016, sequence version 1. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 5. DE SubName: Full=Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 isoform B {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO20775.1}; GN Name=TRPM6 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO20775.1}; GN ORFNames=Y1Q_0012636 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO20775.1}; OS Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Archelosauria; Archosauria; Crocodylia; Alligatoridae; Alligatorinae; OC Alligator. OX NCBI_TaxID=8496 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO20775.1}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO20775.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000050525} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=KSC_2009_1 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:KYO20775.1}; RX PubMed=22293439; DOI=10.1186/gb-2012-13-1-415; RA St John J.A., Braun E.L., Isberg S.R., Miles L.G., Chong A.Y., RA Gongora J., Dalzell P., Moran C., Bedhom B., Abzhanov A., RA ...
Yesterday a new study was released in the journal of Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. Researchers from the University of Utah, studied the effects of the well documented right-to-left shunt in crocodylians.Okay, lets get the exposition out of the way first.. Mammals and birds are both characterized by a 4 chambered heart. This heart allows the complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood streams. Less publicized, but equally as important, this separation also allows for a pressure differential to exist between the two ventricular chambers. That way the right - pulmonary side - of the heart can pump deoxygenated blood at low pressure to the delicate walls of the alveoli in the lungs, while the left - systemic side - of the heart, can pump oxygenated blood at much higher pressure (~7 times higher) to the entire body.. Reptiles and amphibians differ from mammals and birds, in that they have a heart divided into 3 chambers (two atria, one ventricle). This allows for mixing of ...
China Crocodile Clip Clamps Mini Alligator 10/25/30AMP 35/50mm Alligator Clip, Find details about China Alligator Clip, Clamps from Crocodile Clip Clamps Mini Alligator 10/25/30AMP 35/50mm Alligator Clip - DELSON(Ningbo) Rubber & Plastic Co., Ltd.
General Information: Alligators do not truely hibernate, but they do undergo periods of dormancy in cold weather. They are known to search out caves in the banks of waterways and use them as dens. Females usually have a small range, while males occupy areas of greater than two miles. Both sexes become more active and extend their territory during the breeding months of April and May.. Special Anatomical, Physiological, or Behavioral Adaptations: Modern Alligators have many adaptations that make them well suited to their wetland envirnment. Their eyes, ears, and nose are positioned to peek out just above the waterline so they can locate prey without being easily identified. Their eyes and nostrils close by reflex when the animal goes underwater, and they have a transparent third eyelid, or nictitating membrane, that covers the eye as the animal moves through the water.. Reproduction: Sexual maturity is based upon the size of the Alligator. Both sexes are usually considered mature when they reach ...
Mycoplasma alligatoris is a species of bacteria in the Mycoplasma genus. It is classified in the Bacteria domain, Firmicutes phylum, Mollicutes class, Mycoplasma order, and Mycoplasmataceae family. Many organisms of the Mycoplasma genus are known pathogens in humans and animal species. Mycoplasma alligatoris is known to elicit a fatal disease with inflammatory characteristics that can cause rapid death of alligators and caimans. Mycoplasma alligatoris was first isolated in a study led by D. R. Brown of six captive alligators showing signs of pneumonia, polyserositis (inflammation of serous membranes), and multifocal arthritis. The isolates were obtained from various organs, blood, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid and subject to various experimental tests for identification purposes. Primary isolates were cultured in ATCC medium 98 agar containing 105 U penicillin G 1−1, 10 5 U polymyin B 1 −1, 65 mg cefoperazone 1 −1 and 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum in 5% CO2 atmosphere or in ...
Average weight: between 600 and 2,000 pounds., Nile crocs are characterized by their lizard-shaped bodies and scaly hides., Coloring: ranges from drab green or brownish to a blackish tone on the dorsa
Snap!: A Book about Alligators and Crocodiles. Melvin Berger. Publisher: ScholasticFormat: Paperback. What is the difference between an alligator and a crocodile? How are they born? Find out the answers to these questions and many more in this Level 3 Hello Reader Science bookDid you know that a crocodile is usually longer, weighs more, and can outswim alligators? Children will learn all about these aquatic creatures-everything from where they live, what they eat, and how they survive-in this non-fiction easy reader.Renowned authors Melvin and Gilda Berger have created yet another fascinating science book. With simple, accessible text and brilliant photographs, SNAP A BOOK ABOUT ALLIGATORS AND CROCODILES is sure to be a big hit with parents and teachers alike. GST Note: GST is included in the price of this item. GST is included in the freight.. ...
Quietly sneak upon this Crocodile. I was about 30 yards away and ending up closer to just about 15 feet. I had to walk behind trees of course and when as i got closer it notice me and open its jaws. So what you think? gaping or lunch. After all, one jump and it swam away. …
Come see alligators on display with your kids at the Key West Aquarium. Year after year the Aquarium is rated as one of the top Key West Florida Attractions.
A resemblance between a long-lost African crocodile and modern American crocs goes beyond the shared bump on their snouts. New analyses of a roughly 7-million-year old skull from the extinct Crocodylus checchiai suggest that crocodiles journeyed from Africa to the Americas millions of years ago, researchers report July 23 in Scientific Reports. Unearthed in the 1930s, the fossil came from whats now Libya and sat for decades in a museum. With CT scanning, scientists have now mapped the skulls structure, revealing hidden anatomical features that tie the animal closely to the four species of American crocodiles alive today.. "It really looks like an American true crocodile, but it comes from Africa," says Massimo Delfino, a paleoherpetologist at the University of Turin in Italy.. Genetic analyses had already linked the Nile crocodile with its American kin. Though scientists suspected that crocs long ago colonized one of the locales before journeying to the other, the fossil record hadnt painted ...
In the spirit of Halloween, find out which scary animals are most likely to give us the heebie-jeebies and what you should do if you encounter your worst animal nightmare.
This new knowledge could assist in the conservation and breeding strategy of Australian freshwater and saltwater crocodiles.. Dr Jaime Gongora, research project leader from the University of Sydneys Faculty of Veterinary Science said "Alligators and crocodiles occupy an evolutionary mid-point between mammals and birds so they provide a unique link. Our research helps address fundamental questions about how evolution drives and maintains genetic diversity of the immune genes.. "The study looked at the diversity and evolutionary mechanisms of two primary gene classes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), key components of the immune system. The study investigated 20 species of crocodilians including the two Australian crocodile species; freshwater and saltwater crocodiles.. "This research helps to close a gap in our knowledge of immune gene evolution particularly since the crocodilian families (crocodiles and alligators) diverged from a common ancestor 90 million years ago.". The MHC is ...
Found Hermes Kelly 28 Black Porosus Crocodile on MALLERIES - Vintage Hermes Kelly 35 Black Crocodile Leather Gold Hardware Sta, Chanel Vintage Crocodile Shoulder Bag, Chanel Vintage Crocodile Shoulder Tote and more.
Alligator Coloring Sheet - Crocodile Coloring Pages. elephant coloring pages. crocodile colour in pictures. panda coloring pages. pictures of crocodiles to colour in. coloring pages of animals.
In November, two American alligators were flown from the Poconos to Wisconsin to undergo surgery. The story took a sad turn Tuesday morning when one of the alligators died unexpectedly. The alligators had been recovering in their own personalized enclosures built in the basement of the veterinary hospital.
On Friday, October 25, I completed the aerial challenge course at the Alligator Farm in St Augustine, Florida! It took me about an hour and half as I walked across swinging elements and bridges. There were several ziplines, also. Underneath me were a lot of alligators...I must say that was very interesting. I also saw lemurs and several species of birds. There were many different species of alligators and crocodiles. I met Scott Brown the manager of the course. I got a workout, but it was an enjoyable workout! - at Alligator Farm. ...
Where Pv is the new percentage value, Iv is the initial value on the specific day and D0 represents the value on Day 0. Data were log transformed (log10[x+1]) and analysis of variance (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to compare results from the different groups. Non-parametric, bivariate correlation (Spearmans rho) analyses (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) were conducted in order to determine relationships between biochemical parameters and infection dose.. Results. Blood glucose. The mean concentration of blood glucose for the three experimental groups is shown in Table 2. In the high-infection and medium-infection groups, initial peaks in blood glucose values were observed on Day 14 PI and Day 7 PI, respectively. This was followed by a slight decrease the following week. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in blood glucose concentrations on Day 28 PI between the high-infection and low-infection groups and between the medium-infection and low-infection groups (p , 0.05). No ...
Discussion. Crocodilians differ from other egg laying archosaurs (dinosaurs and birds) in that they lack medullary bone in the endosteal cavities of the long bones (Schweitzer et al. 2007). The epiphyses of the long bones in crocodiles therefore often appear eroded as more of the remodelling seems to take place on the outside of the bone, as seen in the cases described. Therefore, a certain degree of erosion may have to be considered normal.. In early stages of osteoarthropathy, the periosteal surface of the epiphyses alone appears to be affected and shows deep longitudinal furrows up to and undermining the articular surfaces. In advanced stages, there is collapse of the articular surface, which, in turn, can stimulate an inflammatory reaction in the form of osteoarthritis.. The cases described here originated from routine post-mortem examinations and are therefore random findings without any particular geographical or epidemiological pattern. The wild specimens came from the Limpopo province ...
Seven alligators were submitted to the Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory for necropsy during two epizootics in the fall of 2001 and 2002. The alligators were raised in temperature-controlled buildings and fed a diet of horsemeat supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Histologic findings in the juvenile alligators were multiorgan necrosis, heterophilic granulomas, and heterophilic perivasculitis and were most indicative of septicemia or bacteremia. Histologic findings in a hatchling alligator were random foci of necrosis in multiple organs and mononuclear perivascular encephalitis, indicative of a viral cause. West Nile virus was isolated from submissions in 2002. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results on all submitted case samples were positive for West Nile virus for one of four cases associated with the 2001 epizootic and three of three cases associated with the 2002 epizootic. RT-PCR analysis was positive for West Nile virus in the ...
The Cayman branch, which has no local staff or customers, is operated from Mexico by HSBC subsidiary HBMX. Its services are not related to HSBC Premier, the retail arm of HSBC in the Cayman Islands. HSBC had acquired the Cayman branch through its purchase of Mexican bank Bital in November 2002, which in turn had received authorisation from Cayman banking regulators in 1980 to offer Cayman US dollar accounts to its customers. At its peak in 2008, HBMX maintained over 60,000 accounts with assets of $2.1 billion in its Cayman branch. Any HMBX branch across Mexico had the authority to open a Cayman account for clients. HBMX offered US dollar services through its correspondent account with HSBC in the US. The report said it had no evidence that HSBC US was ever informed of the use of the correspondent account in this way. The accounts allowed HSBC in Mexico to circumvent local regulations which prohibit Mexican residents from maintaining US dollar accounts in Mexico. The Subcommittee report, which ... Of course Im just having a bit of fun. None of those possibilities are true, youll be pleased to hear. Actually, its been known for a long time that crocodilians (or crocodylians if you want to be pedantic) can climb out of the water onto floating logs and low branches. We didnt publish a paper to point this out, but rather we wanted to explore how widespread this was, and look into the reasons why crocodiles might do this, and even allow us to speculate on how extinct crocodyliforms may have behaved. After all, if you look at a modern crocodile and think theres no way it could climb a tree, youre not going to assume a fossil crocodyliform with a similar morphology is going to be able to do it either. Well, heres a cool thing, some modern species can climb trees, and they can do so remarkably well, often getting several metres off the ground up relatively steep trunks and branches. The modern crocodilian limb is more adaptable than you might have thought ... We have mammals such as whales, dolphin, manatees, seals turtles and more. We have things such as octopus, palm trees, sand dollars, shells such as conch and scallop as well as exotic shells in many colors and shapes. We have many types of motor boats and sailboats for sale. We have hunter boats, Catalina sailboats but no used sail boats. We have anchors, fish, ocean mammals, shells and horses in 14 KT Gold Jewelry for gifts or just for you. Our boats include speed boats, cabincruisers, cigarette boats, pleasure cruisers, boats with 2 sails, boats with 3 sails, boats with 4 sails, galleons, pirate ships, jet skis, wind surfers and cruise ships. We have every type of fish such as marlins, sharks, salmon, gold fish, grouper, king, star fish, seahorses, barracuda and more. Call 973-670-6767 for quick order. ALL NECKLACES ANY LENGTH, BRACELETS AVAILABLE IN ANY LENGTHS 7, 7 1/2, 8, 8 1/2. You can trust CRCreations.Com, CRCreation.Com, JewelryWoman.com, JewelryByCerutti.com, DesignsbyJohninc.Com, ... Two delicious tales for newly independent readers. Crocodile and Alligator are playing jungle hide-and-seek. But will their long, floppy tails give the game away? Next, Crocodile is trying to bake a lovely cake, but Alligator isnt helping much - he drops the flour, smashes the sugar bowl, and tries to juggle the eggs! This fabulous read-alone treat from a popular series bridges the gap between picture books and chapter books. With glowing colour illustrations and an audio CD to read along to, its a really satisfying story for little learners to devour! Alligators And Crocodiles / Vintage-Advertisements Art Prints. Explore our collection of Alligators And Crocodiles / Vintage-Advertisements fine art prints, giclees, posters and hand crafted canvas products (2 items). Shop best Crocodile & Alligator Mascot Costumes at Shopmascot. We supplies various Crocodile & Alligator Mascot Costumes with high quality and reasonable price. We use two names for the freshwater crocodile - "kumoken" and "modjarrki". Kumoken is the long nosed crocodile, different from the short nosed kinga (saltwater crocodile). They dont bite people. We see them in many places, usually open areas rather than dense forest. They are seen in flowing water, and high in the stone country. We see them lying in the sun on logs, on the sand, on rocks or on the banks of creeks or rivers. They eat small prey such as rats, fish, prawns, frogs. In the past the old people used to catch and eat kumoken and cook them in a ground oven and also they would eat the eggs. Kumoken lays its eggs high on the bank in the sand, and buries them, in the same way that the sea turtle, which lays its eggs and buries them in the sand high on the beach.. Kumoken lays about 20 eggs in "Kurrung", the hot dry time of the year.Kumuken ngarringeybun bokenh kunngey, birribuyika kabirri-ngeybun modjarrkki, kumoken - nakka kebyahwurd - minj kinga. Nakka kebdjumbung. Kumoken minj kanbaye - ... Alligators often engage in violent fights over territories and mates, and scientists have puzzled over why their wounds rarely get infected. Now researchers think the secret lies in the reptiles blood. Chemists in Louisiana found that blood from the American alligator can successfully destroy 23 strains of bacteria, including strains known to be resistant to antibiotics. In addition, the blood was able to deplete and destroy a significant amount of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.. Study co-author Lancia Darville at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge believes that peptides-fragments of proteins-within alligator blood help the animals stave off fatal infections. Such peptides are also found in the skin of frogs and toads, as well as in Komodo dragons and crocodiles. The scientists think that these peptides could one day lead to medicines that would provide humans with the same antibiotic protection.. "We are in the process of separating and identifying the specific peptides in alligator ... Freshwater Crocodiles can be found throughout the coastal and inland regions of northern Australia, from Western Australia to Queensland.. They are usually found upstream in rivers but can tolerate some saltwater. Their main habitats include wetlands, rivers, creeks and swamps, and they do not mind still water, fast flowing, muddy, shallow or deep water.. At the end of the wet season freshwater crocodiles usually move to more permanent water.. Mating occurs in the dry season during July, and nesting occurs over a two or three week period during August.. Freshwater crocodiles dig hole nests in sandy river banks. As the eggs are close to the ground water table, they are more susceptible to flooding at the start of the wet season.. Females tend to return to the same nesting sites year after year.. The female crocodile is not a good defender of her eggs. Almost 80% of nests are destroyed by predators such as monitor lizards and pigs.. The average size of the clutch is around 13 eggs. The largest ... China Crocodile Clips, China Crocodile Clips Suppliers and Manufacturers Directory - Source a Large Selection of Crocodile Clips Products at money clip ,hair clip ,clip in hair extension from China Alibaba.com Youll find Our highest quality Accessories For Galaxy S 4 I9500 Crocodile Case at Casesinthebox.com,great quality Accessories For Galaxy S 4 I9500 Crocodile Case is Cheapest And Best, Buy cheap Accessories For Galaxy S 4 I9500 Crocodile Case from China with free shipping at the best prices. GenDR A curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling.. ... Robert W. Meredith, Evon R. Hekkala, George Amato and John Gatesy (2011) «A phylogenetic hypothesis for Crocodylus (Crocodylia) based on mitochondrial DNA: Evidence for a trans-Atlantic voyage from Africa to the New World» Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 183-191 doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.026 . ... An average American alligators weight and length is 800 lbs. and 13 feet long. According to the Everglades National Park website, the largest alligator ever recorded in Florida was 17 feet 5 inches long (5.3 meters). The largest alligator ever recorded measured 19 feet 2 inches (5.8 meters) and was found on Marsh Island, Louisiana. Few of the giant specimens were weighed, but the larger ones could have exceeded a ton in weight. The Chinese Alligator is smaller, rarely exceeding 7 feet (2 meters) in length ... With below average temperatures hitting the East Coast and the recent bomb cyclone storm, people and animals are trying to adjust to the colder weather. The Swamp Park in Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina captured some amazing videos and photos of American alligators sticking their heads above the ice in order to breathe. Sutures and synchondroses, the fibrous and cartilaginous articulations found in the skulls of vertebrates, have been studied for many biological applications at the morphological scale. However, little is known about these articulations at the microscopic scale in non-mammalian vertebrates, including extant archosaurs (birds and crocodilians). The major goals of this paper were to: (i) document the microstructure of some sutures and synchondroses through ontogeny in archosaurs; (ii) compare these microstructures with previously published sutural histology (i.e. that of mammals); and (iii) document how these articulations with different morphological degrees of closure (open or obliterated) appear histologically. This was performed with histological analyses of skulls of emus, American alligators, a fossil crocodilian and ornithischian dinosaurs (hadrosaurids, pachycephalosaurids and ceratopsids). Emus and mammals possess a sutural periosteum until sutural fusion, but it disappears rapidly during ... China Q08-160b Automatic Scrap Iron Alligator Shear (integrated), Find details about China Crocodile Shear, Plate Cutting Machine from Q08-160b Automatic Scrap Iron Alligator Shear (integrated) - Jiangyin Metallurgy Hydraulic Machinery Factory For a fuller, more detailed version of this article read How to tell if your handbag is made of genuine crocodile leather on our Gleni website.. A crocodile handbag is the ultimate in luxury. The gorgeous soft leather is much in demand by top designers, and genuine, top quality crocodile and alligator skin is very expensive. So its not surprising that there are cheaper alternatives about that. ... Male alligators usually grow 3.4 to 4.5 meters. This is their typical length. As for the female, it may only be for about 2.5 to 3 meters. Indeed, the male may be longer than that of the female. Half of the said length features the tail. Their tail is not just long. It is also powerful. Adult alligators can be in various colors. They can be in gray, brown or olive. There are those in black. Hatching is black coupled with yellowish stripes.. By nature, American alligators are carnivores. Meaning, they munch in turtles, birds, small mammals and snakes. Despite this though, they also eat carrion. This occurs at some point. They do this whenever there is a scarcity in their prey. Hatchlings are just fine with frogs, tadpoles, small fish and insects.. Most hatchlings wait for 8 years, to a maximum of 13 to mature. As for the mating season, they usually do it in spring, around April to May. In the process, the male would be attracting the females through sounds. They have this so called infrasound, ... Fridays incident would be the second alligator attack in the region this week. Sunday, a 13-year-old boy and his father were attacked by an alligator at Mac Pond in Chambers Countys Cedar Hill Park. Authorities said an alligator bit 13-year-old Kaleb Hurley on the arm and took him underwater near the bank of the pond, just off Lake Charlotte Road. His father, 42-year-old James Hurley, was also hurt when he ran into the water to save his son.The alligator bit him on the leg, but he was able to kick it until it let him go.. ... Alligator Creek Tourism: TripAdvisor has 53 reviews of Alligator Creek Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Alligator Creek resource. The largest free Alligators Mouth image and Alligators Mouth picture site on the internet is Free-Extras.com. Our site is continually updated with new Alligators Mouth pictures for people who are searching for pictures and images. Check our site out if you want Alligators Mouth pictures or images to post on myspace,facebook, or your blog and website. The Cerrejón crocodile the scientists unearthed came out to be about 28 feet, which is bigger than any crocodile that we have alive today. More importantly, it was of a size to match the croc from the dinosaur era, Sarcosuchus. Now that we know how large the croc was, Dr. Greg Erickson can finally estimate the power of its monstrous bite. It is of a magnitude equal to that of a T. rex. Watch online: S15 Ep5: Bite force of the Cerrejón crocodile from Secrets of the Dead. On demand, streaming video from KQED Crocodiles are large, fierce reptiles that live in rivers, salt marshes, and swamps in warm parts of the world. They have long , scaly bodies and strong jaws full of sharp teeth. They catch fish, frogs, birds, pigs, antelopes, and even other crocodiles to eat. They use their powerful tails to push themselves through the water when they swim. On land, crocodiles can move quickly on their short legs. ... 10000 Birds (17) Aberts Squirrel (1) Acadian Flycatcher (4) Acorn Woodpecker (3) Adak Island (2) Adelaides Warbler (1) Agattu Island (1) Agua Caliente County Park (3) albatross injuries (1) albino albatross (1) Alder Flycatcher (1) aleutian cackling goose (3) aleutians (1) Allens Hummingbird (9) Altamira Oriole (1) Amazon Kingfisher (1) american alligator (3) American Avocet (20) american birding association (2) american bittern (2) American Coot (2) American Crocodile (2) American Crow (2) american dipper (3) American Flamingo (1) American Golden-Plover (1) american goldfinch (1) American Kestrel (7) American Kestrel Partnership (1) American Ornithological Society (1) American Ornithologists Union (2) American Oystercatcher (3) American Pipit (6) american redstart (6) American Robin (7) American Tree Sparrow (2) American White Pelican (17) american wigeon (7) American X Black Oystercatcher (2) American X Black Oystercatcher hybrid (1) Amsonia tomentosa (1) Ancient Murrelet (4) anhinga (6) ... Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Caracas, Venezuela, 21 to 28 October 1984 ... Just two months ago, a temporary teacher was killed by a crocodile in Limbang, Sarawak when she went to the river to collect ablution water to perform prayers. She was attacked and dragged as far as 100 meters while her family and other villagers witnessed in horror. Several villagers risked and dived into the water to look for her but the attempt went futile. About 20 minutes later, the crocodile released her but she was already dead by then. Her legs appeared but were pulled back by the crocodile into the water. ... Just recently, a little boy has suffered an unbelievably tragic misfortune after he was dragged away and eaten up by a crocodile in Zimbabwe.. An 8-year-old boy has died a really tragic death after a crocodile attacked him recently. However, Citizen Reports that the boy was attacked by the crocodile on the Hunyani river in Mushumbi, Mashonaland Central, Zimbabwe ... ... Single Protein Diet Sk-D200™ Crocodile and Tapioca is an Advanced Novel Protein diet containing only Crocodile, Tapioca, Flaxseed oil, Vitamins and Minerals. Recommended for all dogs with low to acute Crocodile Ejected From Cheapy Jet Plane : A crocodile has been ejected from a flight to Egypt The Crocodile said he was just trying to go on holiday when he was picked up by the tail and thrown out of a window He then tried to go on holiday on a boat but the captain of the ship threw Orange Monster Small Playground Ball Ø13 cm Crocodile Creek in natural rubber play balls for kids, playground balls for children Crocodile Creek. Alligator & Crocodile Rescue Changing the Future for Endangered Wildlife (Book) : Snyder, Trish : Provides information about crocodilians from around the world, their endangerment and a range of conservation programs to save them, including profiles of individual conservationists. ScioTeen (1) #scistuchat (1) abelchen777 (3) accidents (1) Actinides (1) ads (1) Air (2) air pressure (2) akshiv (6) Alan Turing (1) AlexK (1) algae (1) AliceY (5) alligator (1) American alligator (1) American scientist (1) Ancient Lives (1) annieenergy (2) Apollo Space program (1) Aquaduct (1) arsenic (1) art (2) asthenosphere (1) astronomy (1) atmosphere (1) awwww (1) aye-aye (1) baby animal video (1) baby animals (1) backyard science (1) bacteria (1) baking (1) baking powder (1) baobab (1) Barbara McClintock (1) bear (1) bear cub (1) behavior (1) biocrude (1) Biolite Stove (1) biology (2) bioluminescence (1) bird (1) Birthday Cake Method (1) blood (1) board (1) Book Monkeys (1) brain (4) Brandon (2) brownie (1) CAESAR (1) camouflage (1) Canadian scientist (1) cancer (1) cancer research (1) Carcharodontosaurus (3) cars (1) cats (1) Cesium (1) chameleon (1) chemistry (2) chemtrail (1) chickenpox (1) chromosomes (2) CIPHER (1) CIPHERS (1) citizen science (1) Claudia (4) clinical trials (1) ... ScioTeen (1) #scistuchat (1) abelchen777 (3) accidents (1) Actinides (1) ads (1) Air (2) air pressure (2) akshiv (6) Alan Turing (1) AlexK (1) algae (1) AliceY (5) alligator (1) American alligator (1) American scientist (1) Ancient Lives (1) annieenergy (2) Apollo Space program (1) Aquaduct (1) arsenic (1) art (2) asthenosphere (1) astronomy (1) atmosphere (1) awwww (1) aye-aye (1) baby animal video (1) baby animals (1) backyard science (1) bacteria (1) baking (1) baking powder (1) baobab (1) Barbara McClintock (1) bear (1) bear cub (1) behavior (1) biocrude (1) Biolite Stove (1) biology (2) bioluminescence (1) bird (1) Birthday Cake Method (1) blood (1) board (1) Book Monkeys (1) brain (4) Brandon (2) brownie (1) CAESAR (1) camouflage (1) Canadian scientist (1) cancer (1) cancer research (1) Carcharodontosaurus (3) cars (1) cats (1) Cesium (1) chameleon (1) chemistry (2) chemtrail (1) chickenpox (1) chromosomes (2) CIPHER (1) CIPHERS (1) citizen science (1) Claudia (4) clinical trials (1) ... What gives? Do these observations indicate that extant crocodilians are not strict carnivores, and that fruits and even leaves are a normal supplement to their diet? We dont know, field observations are needed. There is another, equally interesting possibility however: this being that the captive animals that weve been looking at have been mimicking other species. At least some of the alligators at the St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park are kept with tortoises, and have been eating the food put out for the tortoises. And as for the fruit-eating Brazilian caimans, Brito et al. (2002) drew attention to the fact that they were kept together with tegus Tupinambis merianae, and tegus are well known for eating fruit. Might the caimans therefore have seen the tegus eating fruit, and therefore "acquired frugivory behaviour from the tegus" (Brito et al. 2002, p. 96)); or, in other words, copied them. It seems to me to be quite a sophisticated thing for an individual of species 1 to watch a ... Clearly this new fossil would have been part of the food-chain, both as predator and prey," said Bloch, who co-led the fossil-hunting expeditions to Cerrejon with Smithsonian paleobotanist Carlos Jaramillo. "Giant snakes today are known to eat crocodylians, and it is not much of a reach to say Cerrejonisuchus would have been a frequent meal for Titanoboa. Fossils of the two are often found side-by-side.". The concept of ancient crocodyliforms as snake food has its parallel in the modern world, as anacondas have been documented consuming caimans in the Amazon. Given the ancient reptiles size, it would have been no competition for Titanoboa, Hastings said.. Cerrejonisuchus improcerus is the smallest member of Dyrosauridae, a family of now-extinct crocodyliforms. Dyrosaurids typically grew to about 18 feet and had long tweezer-like snouts for eating fish. By contrast, the Cerrejon species had a much shorter snout, indicating a more generalized diet that likely included frogs, lizards, small snakes ... Shopping for 4pcs Red Black Insulated Boot Metal Crocodile Alligator Test Probes Clip Clamp 55mm Long from sourcingmap, enjoy low price and free shipping worldwide. The online supermarket offers whatever you want. Buy more, save more. On the skin of the head of a crocodile protuberances are located in pronounced rows 4-2 . Designers locate this part of the skin in the most prominent place of the product. But as in the case of alligator skin, abdominal part of the skin is the most valuable and expensive part. Here, the pattern of scales is more geometric, and the lines that pass through them is almost parallel to each other. At each squares in the center is little point (Osteoderms ... Buy 200 Pcs Red Insulated Crocodile Clamps Test Alligator Clips 36mm Length from sourcingmap，you can get reasonable price and fast response worldwide. Please be assured all the products here are quality garanteed. Just US$3.47 + free shipping, buy Dual - Head Crocodile Alligator Clip Test Lead Cable (10pcs 40cm) online shopping at GearBest.com.
Shop from the world's largest selection and best deals for Men's Crocodile/Alligator Wallets. Shop with confidence on eBay!
The state Senate on Thursday approved a five-year extension allowing the sale of products made with crocodile and alligator skin, which often are used in luxury goods.
Trouvez tous les livres de Moon, Nicola - Alligator Tales and Crocodile Cakes. Sur eurolivre.fr,vous pouvez commander des livres anciens et neufs.COMPARER ET acheter IMMÉDIATEMENT au meilleur prix. 9780753458532
Explore Archianas board Kostüme on Pinterest. | See more ideas about Alligator costume, Costume ideas and Crocodile costume.
Its not that difficult to tell alligators and crocodiles apart, one will see you later, the other will see you in a while.. #themoreyouknow ...
Chikungunya virus is an emerging arbovirus of significant human-health concern. Little is known about its sylvatic cycle, including whether ectothermic vertebrates are permissive to infection. In this study, individuals from ten species of reptiles and amphibians were inoculated with chikungunya virus and samples of blood were tested to characterize viremia and seroconversion. Viremia was not detected in cane toads, house geckos, or American alligators, but most of the green iguanas, red-eared sliders, ball and Burmese pythons, leopard frogs, Texas toads, and garter snakes developed viremia. Peak virus titers in serum of up to 4.5, 4.7, and 5.1 log10 plaque-forming units per milliliter were observed for garter snakes, ball pythons, and Texas toads, respectively. These results add to those of other studies that have suggested a possible role for ectothermic vertebrates in the ecology of arbovirus maintenance and transmission in nature.
DRAWING BY DEBORAH DERR McCLINTOCK. Q. Doggone it, does a dog or human have the stronger bite? -D.J. Bickers. A. Bite forces have been actively studied in a number of species, living and extinct, says Jerry D. Harris, director of paleontology of Dixie State College. Going by the data, an American alligator bites with a force of about 19000 Newtons (4300 pounds), a hyena about 9000, a lion 4200, a dusky shark 3000, and a Labrador retriever 1100 (250 pounds). Would you believe a person actually checks out higher than the retriever at 1500 Newtons (340 pounds)!. But these force values are for the entire mouth, based on jaw and teeth shape. So while a human beats out the Lab, says Harris, the dog has much pointier teeth distributed in a narrower mouth, making for a more concentrated chomp at the teeth tips. Thus, Duke can do far more damage, though human bites can be plenty nasty.. Q. Okay now, baseball slugger... Your girlfriends coming to see you in action at the stadium, and youd really like to ...
I wondered about the blue alligator strap, but I really like the blue alligator on the stainless steel cased prototype Ka La watch with its blue hands and hour markers. I will have to order some more of them ...
Who wants to go play with some alligators in an infested alligator pit? This man, who may or may not be sane, takes his pool toy out for a casual swim.
Buy Big Crocodile Open his Mouth by Multipedia on VideoHive. Big Nile Crocodile Alligator open his mouth on a River Bank. Handmade Animation.
The St. Augustine Alligator Farm has 3 brand new Slender-snouted Crocodiles and 13 more are on the way! Two of the babies (seen below) hatched on exhibit, and the third (also below) in an incubator. African Slender-snouted Crocodiles are rarely...
Two hairworms from Argentina, Gordionus porosus n. sp. and Gordionus ondulatus (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), are described and illustrated. The cuticle of both species shows only 1 areolar type. Areoles of G. porosus are polygonal and surrounded by minute bristles and the interareolar groove is wide and with large pores. Gordionus ondulatus is characterized by rectangular or irregular areoles from which margins cuticular elongations project as finger-like structures, giving an undulated appearance. Comparing these species to the remaining American species of Gordionus, G. porosus is close to Gordionus violaceus by virtue of the large number of small bristles surrounding the areoles and can be distinguished by the shape of these bristles and by the arrangement and shape of the areoles. Gordionus ondulatus differs from the other species of the genus by its undulating margins. Giordinus lineatus and Giordinus violaceus have been reported in North America, Giordinus platycephalus in North and Central ...
... : The ConMed Precisor Hot Alligator Cup Forceps are hot disposable biopsy forceps with an oval cup jaw configuration. They feature Precisor EXLs CAM design technology that is designed to cut tissue, not tear, has a large jaw sample capacity with optimal cutting force as jaws close, and helps maintain channel integrity. The jaws have a wide jaw span and a shorter cup length for enhanced pushability. The three ring handle design of the cold and hot forceps handles provide optimal control and tactile feel. The forceps are sterile and come with 2 optional cords to choose from: Olympus or Microvasive.FeaturesConMed Precisor Hot Alligator Cup Forceps FeaturesPrecisor jaws have a greater capacity, and more defined edge.Precisor jaws have a shorter cup length for enhanced pushability.Precisor jaws have a wide jaw span.Precisor cold and hot forceps handles provide greater control and tactile feel.Latex-free
although that alligator is shot using forced perspective they do get huge from time to time. Alligators lack the gene to stop growth, so the more they eat and if the environment will support it they can get huge like 18 feet. Just like crocs. I think though that the largest alligator was one in captivity, apparently they eat better in captivity than in the wild. If the zoo keeper feeds them well ...
Andy Alligator, this soft and cuddly Flip Flops stuffed alligator, is sure to delight with its soft green waffle fur, white felt teeth, and yellow gingham ribbon at the neck, and this Flip Flops plush alligator Andy is ready for fun and adventure.
Picture left: The Alligators with Wanda Jackson and Stan Urban. The Alligators were founded in the later summer of 1990 in Copenhagen, Denmark, by Ole Ballund, Jens Dan And Morten Kjeldsen, all seasoned musicians with a common passion for Fifties rock n roll and rockabilly. The first six months saw the band as a familiar feature in the walking street and assorted sleazy bars in the Copenhagen area. In the spring of 1991 a demo reached the main land and consequently the band signed an exclusive booking and management contract with the well established CBA agency. From that point things took off for the band and by the end of 1991 The Alligators were considered one of the hardest working rock n roll bands in Denmark. The meeting with Danish show bizz mainstay and rockabilly buff Mek Pek at a late febuary 92 gig, developed into an all night jam session and flourishing relationship. 1992 was a year of hard work, exceeding 200 shows, the recording of the debut album "Rock n Roll Ball", backing ...
Do you know what do alligators eat? Stick to the end of this post and youll know all what you need. Alligators are large territorial animals especially males,
Fast shipping to Canada. Personalised Alligator clothing from Zazzle.ca - Choose your favourite Alligator designs for mens t-shirts, hoodies, shoes & more!
Paul Sereno and A. B. Arcucci named Crurotarsi in 1990, defining it as "Parasuchia [phytosaurs], Ornithosuchidae, Prestosuchus, Suchia, and all descendants of their common ancestor".[2] The groups in this definition were considered crocodile-line archosaurs, as opposed to the bird-line archosaurs. Ornithosuchids were once considered bird-line archosaurs (as implied by their name, which means "bird crocodiles" in Greek), but were later recognized as crocodile-line archosaurs. This reclassification may have inspired Serenos Crurotarsi, a node-based clade defined by the inclusion of ornithosuchids and other early archosaurs.. Two names were proposed for crocodile-line archosaurs before Crurotarsi was erected. The first, Pseudosuchia, was established as a stem-based clade in 1985.[5] It includes crocodiles and all archosaurs more closely related to crocodiles than to birds. The second, Crocodylotarsi, was named in 1988, possibly as a replacement for Pseudosuchia.[6] The name Pseudosuchia, meaning ...
Out of all wild predators who attack humans for food, the Saltwater and Nile Crocodiles are the most prolific and dangerous. Each year, hundreds of deadly attacks occur in the central ranges of Africa and Southeast Asia. If you suddenly find yourself on a crocs menu, you should shove your arm into its glottis, thats a sensitive breathing flap in a crocodiles throat to you and me ...
As a reward for winning our Winter Trivia Contest, Carla has requested a Top Five Extinct Crocodilians post, and I was all too happy to oblige (but sorry it took so long)! Lets face it: living crocodilians are pretty awesome, and their extinct cousins? Even MORE so! And although some of the creatures that we will look at in this Top Five list may not be crocodilians by the strictest sense of the term, those that dont entirely fit the bill are very closely related. These almost crocodilians, as well as the actual crocodilians, are all from a group of reptiles that we call the archosaurs. Archosaurs include many fascinating animals, including the crocodilians, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and birds, as well as their extinct ancestors. Some of the members of this list are critters that look a whole lot like crocodilians, but just werent quite there yet, as most sources state that modern crocodiles did not evolve until the Late Cretaceous. Some people refer to this large group of crocodile-like ...