text:
## Hello there! I'm Mason Ng, a graduate student at the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Fourth Year PhD Candidate masonng@mit.edu

I am Wei Chieh Ng (Mason) (personal pronouns: he/him).

I am currently a fourth-year graduate student at MIT's Department of Physics and the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. I mainly work with Professor Deepto Chakrabarty, Dr. Paul Ray, Dr. Ronald Remillard, and Dr. Jack Steiner on X-ray timing and spectroscopic analyses of neutron stars with the NICER data.

This website, like myself, are works in progress. You can learn more about me and my previous endeavors in the other sections of my website.

## CV

This is my CV from prior to September 2018, though lightly edited to reflect my current position. I leave it here for posterity.

## Current Research

My present work focuses on three main areas:
• Spectral Evolution of NGC 300 ULX-1 (characterization with NICER data in conjunction with Swift and XMM-Newton). For some early results, which relied on assumptions that ultimately did not hold up, see the poster I presented at the 20 Years of Chandra Science Symposium.
• Developing a Pipeline for Pulsation Searches on Archival and Incoming NICER Data
• X-ray Polarimetry with IXPE

## Past Research

I previously worked on many facets of astrophysics...

In reverse chronological order,

Investigated the effects of different magnetic field strengths and configurations on the structure of the stellar atmosphere of solar-type stars.

Studied absorber kinematics of 31 OVI absorbers, which exhibited a strong halo mass dependence, where absorbers hosted by L* galaxies have the largest velocity dispersions compared with lower masses and group environments, due to a match between virial temperature and the temperature at which OVI ionization fraction is greatest. Total column densities follow the same behavior, consistent with simulations. Relative absorber--galaxy kinematics of the same sample was studied, though the mass dependence was first normalized out to account for the range of halo masses in the sample. Non-virialized motions due to outflowing gas was observed. Accreting gas signatures were not observed due to multiple line-of-sight structures that were observed, resulting in "kinematic blurring". These results indicate that OVI is not an accurate probe of baryon cycle processes.

There were two projects I carried out:

1) I performed evidence calculations with a trio of codes (CosmoMC, PolyChord, and ModeCode) on several inflationary models, most notable of which is the inflection point inflationary model. Results obtained showed that it is comparable in likelihood to quadratic potentials.

2) I also looked at quantifying the impacts of dark matter on the cosmic microwave background using the 2015 Planck likelihoods, in order to demonstrate the predictive power of dark matter. It was found that dark matter was needed at least at the $10^{100}$ level. While the physical effects of dark matter are well-understood, this quantitative calculation has not been reported in the literature.owave Background.

The results are all summarized in my Senior thesis (US)/Honours thesis (NZ/Aus).

The project involved training a computer to predict image quality from the SkyMapper telescope by considering environmental conditions and telescope configurations. The SkyMapper telescope atop Siding Spring Observatory surveys the entire Southern sky in multiple wavelengths. SkyMapper will inevitably find millions of celestial objects. One result was that the angle of rotation of the CCD camera resulted in visibly lower quality images. Once this was discovered, the SkyMapper team disabled that telescope setting.

Working with Georgie Taylor, we created over 1300 stellar atmosphere models for use in BPASS, the state-of-the-art code incorporating binary stellar systems to predict properties of stellar populations. Results of our work have contributed to the analysis of the recently announced gravitational waves, where it was concluded that similar events are more likely to occur in low-metallicity environments.

I am the Development Chair of the MIT Graduate Student Council External Affairs Board (GSC EAB), and am responsible for general programming of the and the maintaining of the EAB newsletter (see latest here). The GSC EAB is broadly the external arm of the MIT GSC, advocating on behalf of MIT graduate students in issues of concern to the group (e.g., climate change, research funding). We typically liaise with staffers in Congress and the Biden administration through letters and meetings. We have also sent out statements endorsing certain and relevant legislation (see here.)

I also co-lead the PhysGAAP initiative, where we provide application guidance resources to prospective applicants to reduce the barriers for application to the MIT Physics PhD program, and to address the underrpresentation of students from historically excluded communities. We provide a mentorship program, virtual webinars, as well as a Q&A service. More information can be found here.

I am also a part of MIT Astrogazers, a group of MIT astrophysics graduate students, who take out telescopes on clear nights to the public and invites them to marvel at bright celestial targets like the Moon, Saturn, and Jupiter (when they are up!)

## Personal History

I come from New Zealand, though my roots stem from Malaysia, where both my parents are from. I have lived in six cities in four countries, over three continents throughout my life!

## Setting up your personal website

I am not sure if this might be useful, and there are many excellent resources on the internet, but I thought it might be nice to have a quick summary of how I created this website. It serves as a personal record for myself, but I hope this could be useful to someone else who may be daunted (I was!) by the idea of making a website from scratch.

First of all, you do not need to have expert (or even basic) HTML knowledge. If you have had coding experience in any language, you can adapt to the syntax by looking at the code structure in a template and copying it. If you want to perform more elaborate operations, then going through some tutorials (Codecademy) will be instructive.

## Resources

Here are some resources that you should check out, especially if you are thinking about undertaking graduate studies in astrophysics/physics!

## Contact

Please feel free to contact me here or through my email masonng@mit.edu if you have any questions!


text:
# Calendar

Calendar
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.

Create a routine that will generate a text calendar for any year. Test the calendar by generating a calendar for the year 1969, on a device of the time. Choose one of the following devices:

• A line printer with a width of 132 characters.
• An IBM 3278 model 4 terminal (80×43 display with accented characters). Target formatting the months of the year to fit nicely across the 80 character width screen. Restrict number of lines in test output to 43.

(Ideally, the program will generate well-formatted calendars for any page width from 20 characters up.)

Kudos (κῦδος) for routines that also correctly transition from Julian to Gregorian calendar in September 1752.

This task is inspired by Real Programmers Don't Use PASCAL by Ed Post, Datamation, volume 29 number 7, July 1983.

THE REAL PROGRAMMER'S NATURAL HABITAT
"Taped to the wall is a line-printer Snoopy calender for the year 1969."

For further Kudos see task CALENDAR, where all code is to be in UPPERCASE.

For economy of size, do not actually include Snoopy generation in either the code or the output, instead just output a place-holder.

## Contents

Specification of a "Printable_Calendar" package (printable_calendar.ads):

with Ada.Calendar.Formatting; package Printable_Calendar is    subtype String20 is String(1 .. 20);   type Month_Rep_Type is array (Ada.Calendar.Month_Number) of String20;    type Description is record      Weekday_Rep: String20;      Month_Rep: Month_Rep_Type;   end record;   -- for internationalization, you only need to define a new description    Default_Description: constant Description :=     (Weekday_Rep =>       "Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So",      Month_Rep   =>      ("      January       ", "      February      ", "       March        ",       "       April        ", "        May         ", "        June        ",       "        July        ", "       August       ", "      September     ",       "       October      ", "      November      ", "      December      "));    type Calendar (<>) is tagged private;    -- Initialize a calendar for devices with 80- or 132-characters per row   function Init_80(Des: Description := Default_Description) return Calendar;   function Init_132(Des: Description := Default_Description) return Calendar;    -- the following procedures output to standard IO; override if neccessary   procedure New_Line(Cal: Calendar);   procedure Put_String(Cal: Calendar; S: String);    -- the following procedures do the real stuff   procedure Print_Line_Centered(Cal: Calendar'Class; Line: String);   procedure Print(Cal: Calendar'Class;                   Year:  Ada.Calendar.Year_Number;                   Year_String: String); -- this is the main Thing private      type Calendar is tagged record      Columns, Rows, Space_Between_Columns: Positive;      Left_Space: Natural;       Weekday_Rep: String20;      Month_Rep: Month_Rep_Type;   end record; end Printable_Calendar;

Next the implementation (printable_calendar.ads):

with Ada.Text_IO; package body Printable_Calendar is    use Ada.Calendar;   package F renames Ada.Calendar.Formatting;    function Days_Per_Month(Year: Year_Number; Month: Month_Number)                          return Day_Number is   begin      case Month is         when 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 => return 31;         when 4 | 6 | 9 | 11              => return 30;         when 2 =>            if Year mod 4 /= 0 then               return 28;            elsif Year mod 100 /= 0 then               return 29;            elsif Year mod 400 /= 0 then               return 28;            else               return 29;            end if;      end case;   end Days_Per_Month;    type Full_Month_Rep is array (1 .. 6) of String20;   function Generate_Printable_Month (Y: Ada.Calendar.Year_Number;                                      M: Ada.Calendar.Month_Number)                                     return Full_Month_Rep is       X: Full_Month_Rep := (others => "                    ");      -- If X=Generate_Printable_Month(2011, 01), the result could be      --  "       January      ", -- Month_Rep(01)      --  "Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su"  -- Weekday_Rep      --  "                1  2"  -- X(1)      --  " 3  4  5  6  7  8  9"  -- X(2)      --  "10 11 12 13 14 15 16"  -- X(3)      --  "17 18 19 20 21 22 23"  -- X(4)      --  "24 25 26 27 28 29 30"  -- X(5)      --  "31                  "  -- X(6)       Row:       Integer range 1 .. 6  := 1;      Day_Index: constant array(F.Day_Name) of Positive        := (1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19);   begin      for I in 1 .. Days_Per_Month(Y, M) loop         declare           Weekday: constant F.Day_Name    := F.Day_Of_Week(F.Time_Of(Y, M, I));           Pos: constant Positive          := Day_Index(Weekday);           Cleartext_Name: constant String := Day_Number'Image(I);           L: constant Positive            := Cleartext_Name'Last;         begin            X(Row)(Pos .. Pos+1) := Cleartext_Name(L-1 .. L);            if F."="(Weekday, F.Sunday) then               Row := Row + 1;            end if;         end;      end loop;      return X;   end Generate_Printable_Month;     procedure Print(Cal: Calendar'class;                   Year:  Ada.Calendar.Year_Number;                   Year_String: String) is       The_Month: Month_Number := Month_Number'First;       procedure Write_Space(Length: Natural) is      begin         for I in 1 .. Length loop            Cal.Put_String(" ");         end loop;      end Write_Space;       Year_Rep: array(Month_Number) of Full_Month_Rep;    begin      -- print the year      Cal.Print_Line_Centered(Year_String);       -- generate a printable form for all the months      for Month in Month_Number loop         Year_Rep(Month) := Generate_Printable_Month(Year, Month);      end loop;       begin         while True loop             -- new line            Cal.New_Line;             -- write month names            Write_Space(Cal.Left_Space);            for Month in The_Month .. The_Month+Cal.Columns-2 loop               Cal.Put_String(Cal.Month_Rep(Month));               Write_Space(Cal.Space_Between_Columns);            end loop;            Cal.Put_String(Cal.Month_Rep(The_Month+Cal.Columns-1));            Cal.New_Line;             -- write "Mo Tu .. So" - or whatever is defined by Weekday_Rep            Write_Space(Cal.Left_Space);            for Month in The_Month .. The_Month+Cal.Columns-2 loop               Cal.Put_String(Cal.Weekday_Rep);               Write_Space(Cal.Space_Between_Columns);            end loop;            Cal.Put_String(Cal.Weekday_Rep);            Cal.New_Line;             -- write the dates            for I in 1 .. 6 loop               Write_Space(Cal.Left_Space);               for Month in The_Month .. The_Month+Cal.Columns-2 loop                  Cal.Put_String(Year_Rep(Month)(I));                  Write_Space(Cal.Space_Between_Columns);               end loop;            Cal.Put_String(Year_Rep(The_Month+Cal.Columns-1)(I));            Cal.New_Line;            end loop;             The_Month := The_Month + Cal.Columns;            -- this will eventually raise Constraint_Error to terminate the loop         end loop;      exception         when Constraint_Error => null;      end;   end Print;    procedure New_Line(Cal: Calendar) is   begin      Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;   end New_Line;    procedure Put_String(Cal: Calendar; S: String) is   begin      Ada.Text_IO.Put(S);   end Put_String;    procedure Print_Line_Centered(Cal: Calendar'Class; Line: String) is      Width : constant Positive := Cal.Columns*20        + (Cal.Columns-1)*Cal.Space_Between_Columns        + Cal.Left_Space;   begin      if Line'Length    >= Width-1 then         Cal.Put_String(Line);         Cal.New_Line;      else         Print_Line_Centered(Cal, " " & Line & " ");      end if;   end Print_Line_Centered;    function Init_80(Des: Description := Default_Description) return Calendar is      X: Calendar:=        (Columns => 3, Rows => 4, Space_Between_Columns => 4,         Left_Space => 1,         Weekday_Rep =>  Des.Weekday_Rep,         Month_Rep   =>  Des.Month_Rep        );   begin      return X;   end Init_80;    function Init_132(Des: Description := Default_Description) return Calendar is      X: Calendar:=        (Columns => 6, Rows => 2, Space_Between_Columns => 2,         Left_Space => 1,         Weekday_Rep =>  Des.Weekday_Rep,         Month_Rep   =>  Des.Month_Rep        );   begin      return X;   end Init_132; end Printable_Calendar;

Now, the main program is really simple:

with Printable_Calendar; procedure Cal is    C: Printable_Calendar.Calendar := Printable_Calendar.Init_80; begin   C.Print_Line_Centered("[reserved for Snoopy]");   C.New_Line;   C.Print(1969, "Nineteen-Sixty-Nine");end Cal;

Here is the output:

                        [reserved for Snoopy]

Nineteen-Sixty-Nine

January                 February                 March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5                    1  2                    1  2
6  7  8  9 10 11 12     3  4  5  6  7  8  9     3  4  5  6  7  8  9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19    10 11 12 13 14 15 16    10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26    17 18 19 20 21 22 23    17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31          24 25 26 27 28          24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31

April                    May                     June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5  6              1  2  3  4                       1
7  8  9 10 11 12 13     5  6  7  8  9 10 11     2  3  4  5  6  7  8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20    12 13 14 15 16 17 18     9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27    19 20 21 22 23 24 25    16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30                26 27 28 29 30 31       23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30

July                   August                 September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5  6                 1  2  3     1  2  3  4  5  6  7
7  8  9 10 11 12 13     4  5  6  7  8  9 10     8  9 10 11 12 13 14
14 15 16 17 18 19 20    11 12 13 14 15 16 17    15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27    18 19 20 21 22 23 24    22 23 24 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 31             25 26 27 28 29 30 31    29 30

October                November                December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So    Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5                    1  2     1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9 10 11 12     3  4  5  6  7  8  9     8  9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19    10 11 12 13 14 15 16    15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26    17 18 19 20 21 22 23    22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 31          24 25 26 27 28 29 30    29 30 31

To get a 132-character-wide output, you just have to replace "Init_80" by "Init_132" in the main program.

## ALGOL 68

Works with: ALGOL 68 version Revision 1 - no extensions to language used
Works with: ALGOL 68G version Any - tested with release 1.18.0-9h.tiny.
#!/usr/local/bin/a68g --script # PROC print calendar = (INT year, page width)VOID: (   []STRING month names = (      "January","February","March","April","May","June",      "July","August","September","October","November","December"),    weekday names = ("Su","Mo","Tu","We","Th","Fr","Sa");  FORMAT weekday fmt = $g,n(UPB weekday names - LWB weekday names)(" "g)$;   # Juggle the calendar format to fit the printer/screen width #  INT day width = UPB weekday names[1], day gap=1;  INT month width = (day width+day gap) * UPB weekday names-1;  INT month heading lines = 2;  INT month lines = (31 OVER UPB weekday names+month heading lines+2); # +2 for head/tail weeks #  INT year cols = (page width+1) OVER (month width+1);  INT year rows = (UPB month names-1)OVER year cols + 1;  INT month gap = (page width - year cols*month width + 1)OVER year cols;  INT year width = year cols*(month width+month gap)-month gap;  INT year lines = year rows*month lines;   MODE MONTHBOX = [month lines, month width]CHAR;  MODE YEARBOX  = [year  lines, year  width]CHAR;   INT week start = 1; # Sunday #   PROC days in month = (INT year, month)INT:    CASE month IN 31,      IF year MOD 4 EQ 0 AND year MOD 100 NE 0 OR year MOD 400 EQ 0 THEN 29 ELSE 28 FI,      31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31    ESAC;   PROC day of week = (INT year, month, day)INT: (    # Day of the week by Zeller’s Congruence algorithm from 1887 #    INT y := year, m := month, d := day, c;    IF m <= 2 THEN m +:= 12; y -:= 1 FI;    c := y OVER 100;    y %*:= 100;    (d - 1 + ((m + 1) * 26) OVER 10 + y + y OVER 4 + c OVER 4 - 2 * c) MOD 7  );   MODE SIMPLEOUT = UNION(STRING, []STRING, INT);   PROC cputf = (REF[]CHAR out, FORMAT fmt, SIMPLEOUT argv)VOID:(    FILE f; STRING s; associate(f,s);    putf(f, (fmt, argv));    out[:UPB s]:=s;    close(f)  );   PROC month repr = (INT year, month)MONTHBOX:(    MONTHBOX month box; FOR line TO UPB month box DO month box[line,]:=" "* 2 UPB month box OD;    STRING month name = month names[month];   # center the title #    cputf(month box[1,(month width - UPB month name ) OVER 2+1:], $g$, month name);    cputf(month box[2,], weekday fmt, weekday names);     INT first day := day of week(year, month, 1);    FOR day TO days in month(year, month) DO      INT line = (day+first day-week start) OVER UPB weekday names + month heading lines + 1;      INT char =((day+first day-week start) MOD UPB weekday names)*(day width+day gap) + 1;      cputf(month box[line,char:char+day width-1],$g(-day width)$, day)    OD;    month box  );   PROC year repr = (INT year)YEARBOX:(    YEARBOX year box;    FOR line TO UPB year box DO year box[line,]:=" "* 2 UPB year box OD;    FOR month row FROM 0 TO year rows-1 DO      FOR month col FROM 0 TO year cols-1 DO        INT month = month row * year cols + month col + 1;        IF month > UPB month names THEN          done        ELSE          INT month col width = month width+month gap;          year box[            month row*month lines+1 : (month row+1)*month lines,            month col*month col width+1 : (month col+1)*month col width-month gap          ] := month repr(year, month)        FI      OD    OD;    done: year box  );   INT center = (year cols*(month width+month gap) - month gap - 1) OVER 2;  INT indent = (page width - year width) OVER 2;   printf((    $n(indent + center - 9)k g l$, "[Insert Snoopy here]",    $n(indent + center - 1)k 4d l$, year, $l$,    $n(indent)k n(year width)(g) l$, year repr(year)  ))); main: (CO inspired by http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/hack/realmen.html           Real Programmers Don't Use PASCAL - Ed Post            Datamation, volume 29 number 7, July 1983              THE REAL PROGRAMMER'S NATURAL HABITAT"Taped to the wall is a line-printer Snoopy calender for the year 1969."CO  INT mankind stepped on the moon = 1969,      line printer width = 80; # as at 1969! #  print calendar(mankind stepped on the moon, line printer width))

Output:

                             [Insert Snoopy here]
1969

January                    February                    March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                          1                          1
5  6  7  8  9 10 11        2  3  4  5  6  7  8        2  3  4  5  6  7  8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18        9 10 11 12 13 14 15        9 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25       16 17 18 19 20 21 22       16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31          23 24 25 26 27 28          23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
April                       May                        June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                    1  2  3        1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9 10 11 12        4  5  6  7  8  9 10        8  9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19       11 12 13 14 15 16 17       15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26       18 19 20 21 22 23 24       22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30                25 26 27 28 29 30 31       29 30

July                      August                   September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                       1  2           1  2  3  4  5  6
6  7  8  9 10 11 12        3  4  5  6  7  8  9        7  8  9 10 11 12 13
13 14 15 16 17 18 19       10 11 12 13 14 15 16       14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26       17 18 19 20 21 22 23       21 22 23 24 25 26 27
27 28 29 30 31             24 25 26 27 28 29 30       28 29 30
31
October                    November                   December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa       Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                          1           1  2  3  4  5  6
5  6  7  8  9 10 11        2  3  4  5  6  7  8        7  8  9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18        9 10 11 12 13 14 15       14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25       16 17 18 19 20 21 22       21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30 31          23 24 25 26 27 28 29       28 29 30 31
30

## BBC BASIC

The day and month names are in the language for which the PC is configured.

my $months-per-col = 3;my @week-day-names = <Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su>;my @month-names = <Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec>; my Int$year = +(@*ARGS.shift || 1969); say fmt-year($year);exit; sub fmt-year ($year) {         my $str = (' ' x 30) ~$year ~ "\n";         my @month-strs;        @month-strs[$_] = fmt-month($year, $_).lines for 1 .. 12; loop ( my$month = 1; $month <= 12;$month += $months-per-col ) { while @month-strs[$month] {                        for ^$months-per-col { next unless @month-strs[$month+$_];$str ~= @month-strs[$month+$_].shift;                                $str ~= " " x 3; }$str ~= "\n";                }                $str ~= "\n"; } return$str;}sub fmt-month ($year,$month) {        my $str = sprintf "%-20s\n", @month-names[$month-1];        $str ~= @week-day-names~"\n"; my$date = DateTime.new(year => $year, month =>$month);        my $week-day =$date.day-of-week;         $str ~= (" " xx$week-day-1).join(" ");         for $date.day ..$date.days-in-month -> $day {$date = DateTime.new(year => $year, month =>$month, day => $day);$str ~= " " if 1 < $week-day < 8; if$week-day == 8 {                        $str ~= "\n";$week-day = 1;                }                $str ~= sprintf "%2d",$day;                 $week-day++; }$str ~= " " if $week-day < 8;$str ~= ("  " xx 8-$week-day).join(" ");$str ~= "\n";        return $str;}  ## PicoLisp This "calendar" is nicely formatted, and fits into 20 columns ;-) (de cal (Year) (prinl "====== " Year " ======") (for Dat (range (date Year 1 1) (date Year 12 31)) (let D (date Dat) (tab (3 3 4 8) (when (= 1 (caddr D)) (get *Mon (cadr D)) ) (caddr D) (day Dat *Day) (when (=0 (% (inc Dat) 7)) (pack "Week " (week Dat)) ) ) ) ) ) (cal 1969) Output: ====== 1969 ====== Jan 1 Wed 2 Thu 3 Fri 4 Sat 5 Sun 6 Mon Week 2 7 Tue .... 28 Sat 29 Sun 30 Mon Week 27 Jul 1 Tue 2 Wed 3 Thu 4 Fri .... 25 Thu 26 Fri 27 Sat 28 Sun 29 Mon Week 53 30 Tue 31 Wed ## Pike the Calendar in Pike does not handle the transitions from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, but it handles those separately. the default calendar is ISO, other options are Gregorian, Julian, Bahai, Coptic, Islamic and Discordian. this script also highlights holidays by region. regions may be chosen by 2-letter country name, as well as some special 'regions': christianity, orthodox, bahai, islamic, among others. #!/bin/env pike int main(int argc, array(string) argv){ object cal = Calendar; object year; string region = "us"; array date = argv[1..]; if (sizeof(date) && objectp(Calendar[date[0]]) && Calendar[date[0]]->Day) { cal = Calendar[date[0]]; date = Array.shift(date)[1]; } if (sizeof(date) && (int)date[0]) { year = cal.Year((int)date[0]); date = Array.shift(date)[1]; } if (sizeof(date)) region = date[0]; if (!year) year = cal.Year(); print_year(year, region);} array make_month(object month, int field_width, void|string region){ array out =({}); mapping holidays = ([]); object today = Calendar.Day(); if (region) holidays = Calendar.Events.find_region(region)->scan_events(month); array weekday_names = sprintf("%*.*s", field_width, field_width, month->week()->days()->week_day_shortname()[*]); out += ({ ({ month->month_name(), month->month_no(), month->year_name() }) }); out += ({ weekday_names }); out += showday(month->weeks()->days()[*][*], month, today, holidays, field_width); out += ({ ({ " "*field_width })*sizeof(weekday_names) }); return out;} string print_month(object _month, void|int field_width, void|string region){ if (!field_width) field_width = 2; array month = make_month(_month, field_width, region); string out = ""; out += sprintf("%|*s\n", (field_width+1)*sizeof(month[1])-1, sprintf("%s", month[0][0])); out += sprintf((month[1..][*]*" ")*"\n"); return out;} string print_year(object year, void|string region){ array output = ({}); int day_width = 2; int columns = Stdio.stdout.tcgetattr()->columns; int month_width = sizeof(make_month(year->month(), day_width)[1]) * (day_width+1) - 1; if (columns < month_width) columns = month_width; // try to find an optimal good looking solution to spread the months // across the terminal width // for the common calendar of 12 months this is easy but we need to // account for caledars that have more than 12 months float max_width = (float)((columns+2)/(month_width+2)); float max_height = ceil(year->number_of_months()/max_width); float w = max_width; while(ceil(year->number_of_months()/(w-1)) == max_height) w--; foreach(print_month(year->months()[*], day_width, region)/w;; array row) { array rows = row[*]/"\n"; int l = max(@sizeof(rows[*])); foreach(rows; int i;) { // the last line of each month is an empty line. // repeat the line as many times as needed to make the months equally long rows[i]+=({ rows[i][-1] })*(l-sizeof(rows[i])); } rows = Array.transpose(rows); output += rows[*]*" "; } write("%*|s\n", sizeof(output[1]), year->format_nice()); write(output * "\n"); write("\n");} string showday(object day, object month, object today, mapping holidays, int field_width){ string dayname; if (day->month() == month) { dayname = (string)day->month_day(); dayname = " "*(sizeof((string)month->number_of_days())-sizeof(dayname))+dayname; if (day == today) dayname = sprintf("%|*.*s", field_width, field_width, dayname); else dayname = sprintf("%|*.*s", field_width, field_width, dayname); if (holidays[day]) dayname = sprintf("%|s", dayname); } else dayname = " "*field_width; return dayname;}  Output: (holidays lost in copy-paste)  1969 January February March Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 April May June Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July August September Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 October November December Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31  ## PL/I  calendar: procedure (year) options (main); declare year character (4) varying; declare (a, b, c) (0:5,0:6) character (3); declare name_month(12) static character (9) varying initial ( 'JANUARY', 'FEBRUARY', 'MARCH', 'APRIL', 'MAY', 'JUNE', 'JULY', 'AUGUST', 'SEPTEMBER', 'OCTOBER', 'NOVEMBER', 'DECEMBER'); declare i fixed; declare (mm, mmp1, mmp2) pic '99'; put edit (center('CALENDAR FOR ' || YEAR, 67)) (a); put skip (2); do mm = 1 to 12 by 3; mmp1 = mm + 1; mmp2 = mm + 2; call prepare_month('01' || mm || YEAR, a); call prepare_month('01' || mmp1 || YEAR, b); call prepare_month('01' || mmp2 || YEAR, c); put skip edit (center(name_month(mm), 23), center(name_month(mmp1), 23), center(name_month(mmp2), 23) ) (a); put skip edit ((3)' M T W T F S S ') (a); do i = 0 to 5; put skip edit (a(i,*), b(i,*), c(i,*)) (7 a, x(2)); end; end; prepare_month: procedure (start, month); declare month(0:5,0:6) character (3); declare start character (8); declare i pic 'ZZ9'; declare offset fixed; declare (j, day) fixed binary (31); declare (this_month, next_month, k) fixed binary; day = days(start, 'DDMMYYYY'); offset = weekday(day) - 1; if offset = 0 then offset = 7; month = ''; do j = day by 1; this_month = substr(daystodate(j, 'DDMMYYYY'), 3, 2); next_month = substr(daystodate(j+1, 'DDMMYYYY'), 3, 2); if this_month^= next_month then leave; end; i = 1; do k = offset-1 to offset+j-day-1; month(k/7, mod(k,7)) = i; i = i + 1; end;end prepare_month; end calendar;  Output:  CALENDAR FOR 1969 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31  Extract for 2013:  CALENDAR FOR 2013 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 25 26 27 28 29 30 31  ## Python The Python calendar.pryear function prints calendars with the following formatting options: optional parameters w, l, and c are for date column width, lines per week, and number of spaces between month columns, respectively. Although rumoured to be getting an anti-gravity module, Python as yet does not include a snoopy module ;-) >>> import calendar>>> help(calendar.prcal)Help on method pryear in module calendar: pryear(self, theyear, w=0, l=0, c=6, m=3) method of calendar.TextCalendar instance Print a years calendar. >>> calendar.prcal(1969) 1969 January February MarchMo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 913 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 1620 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 2327 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 April May JuneMo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 814 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 1521 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 2228 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July August SeptemberMo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 1414 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 2121 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 2828 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 October November DecemberMo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 1413 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 2120 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 2827 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 >>> print('1234567890'*8)12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890>>>  ## REXX Rather than build a program from scratch, I took my generalized REXX program that generated (as an option) any calendar for any month, and by extension, any number of months (so that an entire year could be displayed/written). To make the program much smaller, a LOT of code was removed (but it's still a sledgehammer doing the work of a small hammer). Some of the code removed: • almost all error checking and the issuing of error messages. • the option of using "simple" characters as opposed to a true grid (of ASCII extended characters). • the option of highlighting of today's date. • the option of using colors. • the specifying of what language to use (over 90 languages, default is English). • the option of using indentation. • the option of using different date formats (to specify the date). • the option of using a time addition/subtraction for the date (* -4score-7years). • the option of showing the phases of the moon. • the option of showing the day-of-the-year (as on financial calendars and others). • the option of specifying a calendar fill character (those empty cells in a monthly calender). • the option of drawing Snoopy (three versions) and also many other animals/ASCII art. • the specifing of alternate outputs (a file/printer/XEDIT/stack/GLOBALVs/etc). • the option of displaying the year in blocked form (at the top of the calendar):  11 9999999 6666666 9999999 111 999999999 666666666 999999999 1111 99 99 66 66 99 99 11 99 99 66 99 99 11 99 999 66 99 999 11 999999999 66 666666 999999999 11 99999 99 6666666666 99999 99 11 99 666 66 99 11 99 66 66 99 11 99 99 66 66 99 99 111111 99999999 66666666 99999999 111111 999999 666666 999999  Most of the code is dealing with drawing a cell (grid) for each day-of-the-month, so the program is a bit more complex than it has to be for this task. Also, it was designed for any year, any month(s), and any size screen/device to show (display) it. Accomodations were made in the program to allow the choice of what type of cells would be generated: small/smaller/smallest for height, and narrow/narrower/narrowest for the width. The size (width/depth) of the output device/terminal can be specified. The choice could've been performed programatically, but I never believe that a program could best choose over what the user wants, as it depends on esthetics and looks (fashion).  /*REXX program to show any year's (monthly) calendar (with/without grid)*/ @abc='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'; @abcU=@abc; upper @abcUcalfill=' '; mc=12; _='1 3 1234567890' "fb"xparse var _ grid calspaces # chk . cv_ days.1 days.2 days.3 daysn sd sw_=0; parse var _ cols 1 jd 1 lowerCase 1 maxKalPuts 1 narrow 1, narrower 1 narrowest 1 short 1 shorter 1 shortest 1, small 1 smaller 1 smallest 1 upperCaseparse arg mm '/' dd "/" yyyy _ '(' ops; uops=opsif _\=='' | \is#(mm) | \is#(dd) | \is#(yyyy) then call erx 86 do while ops\==''; ops=strip(ops,'L'); parse var ops _1 2 1 _ . 1 _o ops upper _ select when abb('CALSPaces') then calspaces=nai() when abb('DEPth') then sd=nai() when abbn('GRIDs') then grid=no() when abbn('LOWercase') then lowerCase=no() when abb('CALMONths') then mc=nai() when abbn('NARrow') then narrow=no() when abbn('NARROWER') then narrower=no() when abbn('NARROWESt') then narrowest=no() when abbn('SHORt') then short=no() when abbn('SHORTER') then shorter=no() when abbn('SHORTESt') then shortest=no() when abbn('SMALl') then small=no() when abbn('SMALLER') then smaller=no() when abbn('SMALLESt') then smallest=no() when abbn('UPPercase') then upperCase=no() when abb('WIDth') then sw=nai() otherwise nop end /*select*/ end /*do while opts\== ...*/ mc=int(mc,'monthscalender'); if mc>0 then cal=1days='Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday'months='January February March April May June July August September October November December'days=' 'days; months=' 'monthscyyyy=right(date(),4); hyy=left(cyyyy,2); lyy=right(cyyyy,2)dy.=31; _=30; parse var _ dy.4 1 dy.6 1 dy.9 1 dy.11; dy.2=28+ly(yyyy)yy=right(yyyy,2); sd=p(sd 43); sw=p(sw 80); cw=10; cindent=1; calwidth=76if small then do; narrow=1 ; short=1 ; endif smaller then do; narrower=1 ; shorter=1 ; endif smallest then do; narrowest=1; shortest=1; endif shortest then shorter=1if shorter then short =1if narrow then do; cw=9; cindent=3; calwidth=69; endif narrower then do; cw=4; cindent=1; calwidth=34; endif narrowest then do; cw=2; cindent=1; calwidth=20; endcv_=calwidth+calspaces+2calfill=left(copies(calfill,cw),cw) do j=1 for 7; _=word(days,j) do jw=1 for 3; _d=strip(substr(_,cw*jw-cw+1,cw)) if jw=1 then _d=centre(_d,cw+1) else _d=left(_d,cw+1) days.jw=days.jw||_d end /*jw*/ __=daysn if narrower then daysn=__||centre(left(_,3),5) if narrowest then daysn=__||center(left(_,2),3) end /*j*/_yyyy=yyyy; calPuts=0; cv=1; _mm=mm+0; month=word(months,mm)dy.2=28+ly(_yyyy); dim=dy._mm; _dd=01; dow=dow(_mm,_dd,_yyyy);$dd=dd+0 /*─────────────────────────────now: the business of the building the cal*/call calGen               do _j=2 to mc               if cv_\=='' then do                                cv=cv+cv_                                if cv+cv_>=sw then do; cv=1; call calPut                                                   call fcalPuts;call calPb                                                   end                                              else calPuts=0                                end                           else do;call calPb;call calPut;call fcalPuts;end               _mm=_mm+1;  if _mm==13 then do;  _mm=1; _yyyy=_yyyy+1;  end               month=word(months,_mm); dy.2=28+ly(_yyyy); dim=dy._mm               dow=dow(_mm,_dd,_yyyy); $dd=0; call calGen end /*_j*/call fcalPutsreturn _ /*─────────────────────────────calGen subroutine────────────────────────*/calGen: cellX=;cellJ=;cellM=;calCells=0;calline=0call calPutcall calPutl copies('─',calwidth),"┌┐"; call calHdcall calPutl month ' ' _yyyy ; call calHdif narrowest | narrower then call calPutl daysn else do jw=1 for 3 if space(days.jw)\=='' then call calPutl days.jw endcalft=1; calfb=0 do jf=1 for dow-1; call cellDraw calFill,calFill; end do jy=1 for dim; call cellDraw jy; endcalfb=1 do 7; call cellDraw calFill,calFill; endif sd>32 & \shorter then call calPutreturn /*─────────────────────────────cellDraw subroutine──────────────────────*/cellDraw: parse arg zz,cdDOY;zz=right(zz,2);calCells=calCells+1if calCells>7 then do calLine=calLine+1 cellX=substr(cellX,2) cellJ=substr(cellJ,2) cellM=substr(cellM,2) cellB=translate(cellX,,")(─-"#) if calLine==1 then call cx call calCsm; call calPutl cellX; call calCsj; call cx cellX=; cellJ=; cellM=; calCells=1 endcdDOY=right(cdDOY,cw); cellM=cellM'│'center('',cw)cellX=cellX'│'centre(zz,cw); cellJ=cellJ'│'center('',cw)return /*═════════════════════════════general 1-line subs══════════════════════*/abb: arg abbu; parse arg abb; return abbrev(abbu,_,abbl(abb))abbl: return verify(arg(1)'a',@abc,'M')-1abbn: parse arg abbn; return abb(abbn) | abb('NO'abbn)calCsj: if sd>49 & \shorter then call calPutl cellB; if sd>24 & \short then call calPutl cellJ; returncalCsm: if sd>24 & \short then call calPutl cellM; if sd>49 & \shorter then call calPutl cellB; returncalHd: if sd>24 & \shorter then call calPutl ; if sd>32 & \shortest then call calPutl ; returncalPb: calPuts=calPuts+1; maxKalPuts=max(maxKalPuts,calPuts); if symbol('CT.'calPuts)\=='VAR' then ct.calPuts=; ct.calPuts=overlay(arg(1),ct.calPuts,cv); returncalPutl: call calPut copies(' ',cindent)left(arg(2)"│",1)center(arg(1),calwidth)||right('│'arg(2),1);returncx:cx_='├┤';cx=copies(copies('─',cw)'┼',7);if calft then do;cx=translate(cx,'┬',"┼");calft=0;end;if calfb then do;cx=translate(cx,'┴',"┼");cx_='└┘';calfb=0;end;call calPutl cx,cx_;returndow: procedure; arg m,d,y; if m<3 then do; m=m+12; y=y-1; end; yl=left(y,2); yr=right(y,2); w=(d+(m+1)*26%10+yr+yr%4+yl%4+5*yl)//7; if w==0 then w=7; return wer :parse arg _1,_2; call '$ERR' "14"p(_1) p(word(_1,2) !fid(1)) _2;if _1<0 then return _1; exit resulterr: call er '-'arg(1),arg(2); return ''erx: call er '-'arg(1),arg(2); exit ''fcalPuts: do j=1 for maxKalPuts; call put ct.j; end; ct.=; maxKalPuts=0; calPuts=0; returnint: int=numx(arg(1),arg(2));if \isint(int) then call erx 92,arg(1) arg(2); return int/1is#: return verify(arg(1),#)==0isint: return datatype(arg(1),'W')lower:return translate(arg(1),@abc,@abcU)ly: if arg(1)\=='' then call erx 01,arg(2);parse var ops na ops;if na=='' then call erx 35,_o;return nanai: return int(na(),_o)nan: return numx(na(),_o)no: if arg(1)\=='' then call erx 01,arg(2); return left(_,2)\=='NO'num: procedure;parse arg x .,f,q;if x=='' then return x;if datatype(x,'N') then return x/1;x=space(translate(x,,','),0);if datatype(x,'N') then return x/1;return numnot()numnot: if q==1 then return x;if q=='' then call er 53,x f;call erx 53,x fnumx: return num(arg(1),arg(2),1)p: return word(arg(1),1)put: _=arg(1);_=translate(_,,'_'chk);if \grid then _=ungrid(_);if lowerCase then _=lower(_);if upperCase then upper _;if shortest&_=' ' then return;call tell _;returntell: say arg(1);returnungrid: return translate(arg(1),,"│║─═┤┐└┴┬├┼┘┌╔╗╚╝╟╢╞╡╫╪╤╧╥╨╠╣")

Output when using the input of: 1/1/1969 (noGrid smallest narrowest)

                          «Snoopy "picture" here»

January   1969          February   1969            March   1969
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                        1                        1
5  6  7  8  9 10 11      2  3  4  5  6  7  8      2  3  4  5  6  7  8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18      9 10 11 12 13 14 15      9 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25     16 17 18 19 20 21 22     16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31        23 24 25 26 27 28        23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31

April   1969              May   1969              June   1969
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                  1  2  3      1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9 10 11 12      4  5  6  7  8  9 10      8  9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19     11 12 13 14 15 16 17     15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26     18 19 20 21 22 23 24     22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30              25 26 27 28 29 30 31     29 30

July   1969             August   1969           September   1969
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                     1  2         1  2  3  4  5  6
6  7  8  9 10 11 12      3  4  5  6  7  8  9      7  8  9 10 11 12 13
13 14 15 16 17 18 19     10 11 12 13 14 15 16     14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26     17 18 19 20 21 22 23     21 22 23 24 25 26 27
27 28 29 30 31           24 25 26 27 28 29 30     28 29 30
31

October   1969          November   1969          December   1969
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa     Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                        1         1  2  3  4  5  6
5  6  7  8  9 10 11      2  3  4  5  6  7  8      7  8  9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18      9 10 11 12 13 14 15     14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25     16 17 18 19 20 21 22     21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30 31        23 24 25 26 27 28 29     28 29 30 31
30

Output when using the input of: 1/1/1969 (smallest narrowest width 156 calSpaces 5)
A width of 156 was used to illustrate showing a grid, otherwise it would fit in 132 columns.

 ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐
│   January   1969   │   │  February   1969   │   │    March   1969    │   │    April   1969    │   │     May   1969     │   │    June   1969     │
│Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│
├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤
│  │  │  │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 4│   │  │  │  │  │  │  │ 1│   │  │  │  │  │  │  │ 1│   │  │  │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│   │  │  │  │  │ 1│ 2│ 3│   │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│ 6│ 7│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│ 5│ 6│ 7│ 8│ 9│10│11│   │ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│ 6│ 7│ 8│   │ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│ 6│ 7│ 8│   │ 6│ 7│ 8│ 9│10│11│12│   │ 4│ 5│ 6│ 7│ 8│ 9│10│   │ 8│ 9│10│11│12│13│14│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│12│13│14│15│16│17│18│   │ 9│10│11│12│13│14│15│   │ 9│10│11│12│13│14│15│   │13│14│15│16│17│18│19│   │11│12│13│14│15│16│17│   │15│16│17│18│19│20│21│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│19│20│21│22│23│24│25│   │16│17│18│19│20│21│22│   │16│17│18│19│20│21│22│   │20│21│22│23│24│25│26│   │18│19│20│21│22│23│24│   │22│23│24│25│26│27│28│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│26│27│28│29│30│31│  │   │23│24│25│26│27│28│  │   │23│24│25│26│27│28│29│   │27│28│29│30│  │  │  │   │25│26│27│28│29│30│31│   │29│30│  │  │  │  │  │
└──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘   └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘   └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘   └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘
│30│31│  │  │  │  │  │
└──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘
┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐   ┌────────────────────┐
│    July   1969     │   │   August   1969    │   │  September   1969  │   │   October   1969   │   │  November   1969   │   │  December   1969   │
│Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│   │Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa│
├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤   ├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤
│  │  │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│   │  │  │  │  │  │ 1│ 2│   │  │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│ 6│   │  │  │  │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 4│   │  │  │  │  │  │  │ 1│   │  │ 1│ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│ 6│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│ 6│ 7│ 8│ 9│10│11│12│   │ 3│ 4│ 5│ 6│ 7│ 8│ 9│   │ 7│ 8│ 9│10│11│12│13│   │ 5│ 6│ 7│ 8│ 9│10│11│   │ 2│ 3│ 4│ 5│ 6│ 7│ 8│   │ 7│ 8│ 9│10│11│12│13│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│13│14│15│16│17│18│19│   │10│11│12│13│14│15│16│   │14│15│16│17│18│19│20│   │12│13│14│15│16│17│18│   │ 9│10│11│12│13│14│15│   │14│15│16│17│18│19│20│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│20│21│22│23│24│25│26│   │17│18│19│20│21│22│23│   │21│22│23│24│25│26│27│   │19│20│21│22│23│24│25│   │16│17│18│19│20│21│22│   │21│22│23│24│25│26│27│
├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤
│27│28│29│30│31│  │  │   │24│25│26│27│28│29│30│   │28│29│30│  │  │  │  │   │26│27│28│29│30│31│  │   │23│24│25│26│27│28│29│   │28│29│30│31│  │  │  │
└──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘   └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘   ├──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤   └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘
│31│  │  │  │  │  │  │                                                     │30│  │  │  │  │  │  │
└──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘                                                     └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘
,-~~-.___.
/ ()=(()   \
(   (        0
\._\, ,----'
##XXXxxxxxxx
/  ---'~;
/    /~|-
=(   ~~  |
/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\
/_______________________\
/_________________________\
/___________________________\
|____________________|
|____________________|
|____________________|
|                    |

## Ruby

Date class, from the standard library, knows how many days in a month, and which day is Sunday, for both Julian and Gregorian calendars. This program uses Date class, plus its own assumptions, to create the calendar. This program assumes that every year has 12 months and starts with January 1, and every month fits in 6 weeks starting with Sunday.

• This program requires Ruby 1.8.7 because it calls Array#each_slice.
Works with: Ruby version 1.8.7
require 'date' # Creates a calendar of _year_. Returns this calendar as a multi-line# string fit to _columns_.def cal(year, columns)   # Start at January 1.  #  # Date::ENGLAND marks the switch from Julian calendar to Gregorian  # calendar at 1752 September 14. This removes September 3 to 13 from  # year 1752. (By fortune, it keeps January 1.)  #  date = Date.new(year, 1, 1, Date::ENGLAND)   # Collect calendars of all 12 months.  months = (1..12).collect do |month|    rows = [Date::MONTHNAMES[month].center(20), "Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa"]     # Make array of 42 days, starting with Sunday.    days = []    date.wday.times { days.push "  " }    while date.month == month      days.push("%2d" % date.mday)      date += 1    end    (42 - days.length).times { days.push "  " }     days.each_slice(7) { |week| rows.push(week.join " ") }    next rows  end   # Calculate months per row (mpr).  #  1. Divide columns by 22 columns per month, rounded down. (Pretend  #     to have 2 extra columns; last month uses only 20 columns.)  #  2. Decrease mpr if 12 months would fit in the same months per  #     column (mpc). For example, if we can fit 5 mpr and 3 mpc, then  #     we use 4 mpr and 3 mpc.  mpr = (columns + 2).div 22  mpr = 12.div((12 + mpr - 1).div mpr)   # Use 20 columns per month + 2 spaces between months.  width = mpr * 22 - 2   # Join months into calendar.  rows = ["[Snoopy]".center(width), "#{year}".center(width)]  months.each_slice(mpr) do |slice|    slice[0].each_index do |i|      rows.push(slice.map {|a| a[i]}.join "  ")    end  end  return rows.join("\n")end  ARGV.length == 1 or abort "usage: #{$0} year" # Guess width of terminal.# 1. Obey environment variable COLUMNS.# 2. Try to require 'io/console' from Ruby 1.9.3.# 3. Try to run tput co.# 4. Assume 80 columns.columns = begin Integer(ENV["COLUMNS"] || "") rescue begin require 'io/console'; IO.console.winsize[1] rescue LoadError begin Integer(tput co) rescue 80; end; end; end puts cal(Integer(ARGV[0]), columns) Here is 1969 in 132 columns. $ ruby cal.rb 1969
[Snoopy]
1969
January               February               March                 April                  May                   June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                     1                     1         1  2  3  4  5               1  2  3   1  2  3  4  5  6  7
5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8   2  3  4  5  6  7  8   6  7  8  9 10 11 12   4  5  6  7  8  9 10   8  9 10 11 12 13 14
12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15   9 10 11 12 13 14 15  13 14 15 16 17 18 19  11 12 13 14 15 16 17  15 16 17 18 19 20 21
19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  20 21 22 23 24 25 26  18 19 20 21 22 23 24  22 23 24 25 26 27 28
26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28     23 24 25 26 27 28 29  27 28 29 30           25 26 27 28 29 30 31  29 30
30 31
July                 August              September              October               November              December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                  1  2      1  2  3  4  5  6            1  2  3  4                     1      1  2  3  4  5  6
6  7  8  9 10 11 12   3  4  5  6  7  8  9   7  8  9 10 11 12 13   5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8   7  8  9 10 11 12 13
13 14 15 16 17 18 19  10 11 12 13 14 15 16  14 15 16 17 18 19 20  12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15  14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26  17 18 19 20 21 22 23  21 22 23 24 25 26 27  19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  21 22 23 24 25 26 27
27 28 29 30 31        24 25 26 27 28 29 30  28 29 30              26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28 29  28 29 30 31
31                                                                30

The output in 80 columns is similar, except that there are only three months per row, and the "[Snoopy]" and "1969" are centered above February.

## Run BASIC

input "Gimme a year";yrcls                            ' clear screenmths= "January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December" html "<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=5><tr>"html "<td colspan=4 align=center> <h3>Year:";yr;"</td></tr><tr>" for mm = 1 to 12 gosub [getMonthInfo] x = 0 html "<td valign=top><TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0><TR>" html "<TD colspan=7 align=center bgcolor=wheat>" html " ";word(mths,mm,",") html "</TD><TR align=center bgcolor=wheat><TD>Sun<TD>Mon<TD>Tue<TD>Wed<TD>Thr<TD>Fri<TD>Sat<TR align=center>" for i = 1 to mmDays + dow if i > dow then x = x + 1 if x = 0 then html "<td></td>" else html "<TD>";x;"</TD>" if (i mod 7) = 0 then html "</TR><TR align=center>" next i html "</TR></table></td>" if mm mod 4 = 0 then html "</tr><tr>" ' 4 months acrossnext mmhtml "</table>"wait [getMonthInfo]' ----------------------------------------' day of week when month begins.' days in a month' ----------------------------------------if yr < 100 then yr = val(date("yy"))if mm < 1 or mm > 12 then mm = val(date$("mm"))dayOne$ = mm;"-01-";yrn	= date$(dayOne$)dow	= 1 + (n Mod 7) 	' Day of Week month beginsm1	= mmn1	= n + 27while	m1 = mm	n1 = n1 + 1	n$= date$(n1)	m1 = val(left$(n$,2))wendmmDays	= n1 - n		' Days in MonthRETURN
Input any valid year

### Year:1969

 January Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
 February Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
 March Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
 April Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 May Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
 June Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 July Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
 August Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
 September Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 October Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
 November Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 December Sun Mon Tue Wed Thr Fri Sat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

## Scala

Works with: Scala version 2.9.1
import java.util.TimeZoneimport java.util.Localeimport java.util.Calendarimport java.util.GregorianCalendar object Helper {  def monthsMax(locale: Locale = Locale.getDefault): Int = {    val cal = Calendar.getInstance(locale)    cal.getMaximum(Calendar.MONTH)  }    def numberOfMonths(locale: Locale = Locale.getDefault): Int = monthsMax(locale)+1   def namesOfMonths(year: Int, locale: Locale = Locale.getDefault): List[String] = {    val cal = Calendar.getInstance(locale)    val f1: Int => String = i => {      cal.set(year,i,1)      cal.getDisplayName(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.LONG, locale)    }    (0 to monthsMax(locale)) map f1 toList  }   def jgt(cal: GregorianCalendar): Int = {cal.setTime(cal.getGregorianChange); cal.get(Calendar.YEAR)}   def isJGT(year: Int, cal: GregorianCalendar) = year==jgt(cal)   def offsets(year: Int, locale: Locale = Locale.getDefault): List[Int] = {    val cal = Calendar.getInstance(locale)    val months = cal.getMaximum(Calendar.MONTH)    val f1: Int => Int = i => {      cal.set(year,i,1)      cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK)    }    ((0 to months) map f1 toList) map {i=>if((i-2)<0) i+5 else i-2}  }   def headerNameOfDays(locale: Locale = Locale.getDefault) = {    val cal = Calendar.getInstance(locale)    val mdow = cal.getDisplayNames(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SHORT, locale) // map days of week    val it = mdow.keySet.iterator    import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer    val lb = new ListBuffer[String]    while (it.hasNext) lb+=it.next    val lpdow = lb.toList.map{k=>(mdow.get(k),k.substring(0,2))} // list pair days of week    (lpdow map {p=>if((p._1-2)<0) (p._1+5, p._2) else (p._1-2, p._2)} sortWith(_._1<_._1) map (_._2)).foldRight("")(_+" "+_)  } } object CalendarPrint extends App {  import Helper._   val tzd = TimeZone.getDefault  val locd = Locale.getDefault   def printCalendar(year: Int, printerWidth: Int, loc: Locale, tz: TimeZone) = {     def getCal: List[Triple[Int, Int, String]] = {      val cal = new GregorianCalendar(tz, loc)       def getGregCal: List[Triple[Int, Int, String]] = {        val month = 0        val day = 1        cal.set(year,month,day)        val f1: Int => Triple[Int, Int, Int] = i => {          val cal = Calendar.getInstance(tz, loc)          cal.set(year,i,1)          val minday = cal.getActualMinimum(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)          val maxday = cal.getActualMaximum(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)          (i, minday, maxday)        }        val limits = (0 to monthsMax(loc)) map f1        val f2: (Int, Int, Int) => String = (year, month, day) => {          val cal = Calendar.getInstance(tz, loc)          cal.set(year,month,day)          cal.getDisplayName(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SHORT, loc)        }        val calend = for {          i <- 0 to monthsMax(loc)          j <- limits(i)._2 to limits(i)._3          val dow = f2(year, i, j)        } yield (i, j, dow)        if (isJGT(year, new GregorianCalendar(tz, loc))) calend.filter{_._1!=9}.toList else calend.toList      }       def getJGT: List[Triple[Int, Int, String]] = {        if (!isJGT(year, new GregorianCalendar(tz, loc))) return Nil         val cal = new GregorianCalendar(tz, loc)        cal.set(year,9,1)        var ldom = 0        def it = new Iterator[Tuple3[Int,Int, String]]{          def next={            val res = (cal.get(Calendar.MONTH), cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH), cal.getDisplayName(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SHORT, Locale.GERMAN))            ldom = res._2            cal.roll(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, true)            res          }          def hasNext = (cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)>ldom)        }        it.toList      }      (getGregCal++getJGT).sortWith((s,t)=>s._1*100+s._2<t._1*100+t._2)    }     def printCal(calList: List[Triple[Int, Int, String]]) = {      val pwmax = 300   // printer width maximum      val mw = 20   // month width      val gwf = 2   // gap width fixed      val gwm = 2   // gap width minimum      val fgw = true       val arr = Array.ofDim[String](6,7)      def clear = for (i <- 0 until 6) for (j <- 0 until 7) arr(i)(j) = "  "       def limits(printerWidth: Int): Tuple5[Int, Int, Int, Int, Int] = {        val pw = if (printerWidth<20) 20 else if (printerWidth>300) 300 else printerWidth         def getFGW(msbs: Int,gsm: Int) = {val r=(pw-msbs*mw-gsm)/2; (r,gwf,r)}   // fixed gap width        def getVGW(msbs: Int,gsm: Int) = pw-msbs*mw-gsm match {                  // variable gap width                                           case a if (a<2*gwm) => (a/2,gwm,a/2)                                           case b => {val x = (b+gsm)/(msbs+1); (x,x,x)}                                         }         // months side by side, gaps sum minimum        val (msbs, gsm) = {          val (x, y) = {val c = if (pw/mw>12) 12 else pw/mw; if (c*mw+(c-1)*gwm<=pw) (c, c*gwm) else (c-1, (c-1)*gwm)}          val x1 = x match {            case 5 => 4            case a if (a>6 && a<12) => 6            case other => other          }            (x1, (x1-1)*gwm)        }         // left margin, gap width, right margin        val (lm,gw,rm) = if (fgw) getFGW(msbs,gsm) else getVGW(msbs,gsm)        (pw,msbs,lm,gw,rm)      }       val (pw,msbs,lm,gw,rm) = limits(printerWidth)      val monthsList = (0 to monthsMax(loc)).map{m=>calList.filter{_._1==m}}.toList      val nom = namesOfMonths(year,loc)      val offsetList = offsets(year,loc)      val hnod = headerNameOfDays(loc)       val fsplit: List[(Int, Int, String)] => List[String] = list => {	    val fap: Int => (Int, Int) = p => (p/7,p%7) 	    clear	    for (i <- 0 until list.size) arr(fap(i+offsetList(list(i)._1))._1)(fap(i+offsetList(list(i)._1))._2)="%2d".format(list(i)._2)	    //arr.toList.map(_.toList).map(_.foldLeft("")(_+" "+_))	    arr.toList.map(_.toList).map(_.foldRight("")(_+" "+_))	  }      val monthsRows = monthsList.map(fsplit)       val center: (String, Int) => String = (s,l) => {        if (s.size>=l) s.substring(0,l) else        (" "*((l-s.size)/2)+s+" "*((l-s.size)/2)+" ").substring(0,l)      }        println(center("[Snoopy Picture]",pw))      println      println(center(""+year,pw))      println       val ul = numberOfMonths(loc)      val rowblocks = (1 to ul/msbs).map{i=>        (0 to 5).map{j=>          val lb = new scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[String]          val k = (i-1)*msbs          (k to k+msbs-1).map{l=>            lb+=monthsRows(l)(j)          }          lb.toList        }.toList      }.toList       val mheaders = (1 to ul/msbs).map{i=>(0 to msbs-1).map{j=>center(nom(j+(i-1)*msbs),20)}.toList}.toList      val dowheaders = (1 to ul/msbs).map{i=>(0 to msbs-1).map{j=>center(hnod,20)}.toList}.toList       (1 to 12/msbs).foreach{i=>        println(" "*lm+mheaders(i-1).foldRight("")(_+" "*gw+_))        println(" "*lm+dowheaders(i-1).foldRight("")(_+" "*gw+_))        rowblocks(i-1).foreach{xs=>println(" "*lm+xs.foldRight("")(_+" "*(gw-1)+_))}        println      }     }     val calList = getCal    printCal(calList)   }     def printGregCal(year: Int = 1969, pw: Int = 80, JGT: Boolean = false, loc: Locale = Locale.getDefault, tz: TimeZone = TimeZone.getDefault) {    val _year = if (JGT==false) year else jgt(new GregorianCalendar(tz, loc))      printCalendar(_year, pw, loc, tz)  }   printGregCal()  printGregCal(JGT=true, loc=Locale.UK, pw=132, tz=TimeZone.getTimeZone("UK/London")) }

Output:

                                [Snoopy Picture]

1969

Januar               Februar                 März
Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5                  1  2                  1  2
6  7  8  9 10 11 12   3  4  5  6  7  8  9   3  4  5  6  7  8  9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19  10 11 12 13 14 15 16  10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26  17 18 19 20 21 22 23  17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31        24 25 26 27 28        24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31

April                  Mai                   Juni
Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5  6            1  2  3  4                     1
7  8  9 10 11 12 13   5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20  12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27  19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30              26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30

Juli                 August              September
Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5  6               1  2  3   1  2  3  4  5  6  7
7  8  9 10 11 12 13   4  5  6  7  8  9 10   8  9 10 11 12 13 14
14 15 16 17 18 19 20  11 12 13 14 15 16 17  15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27  18 19 20 21 22 23 24  22 23 24 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 31           25 26 27 28 29 30 31  29 30

Oktober               November              Dezember
Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So  Mo Di Mi Do Fr Sa So
1  2  3  4  5                  1  2   1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9 10 11 12   3  4  5  6  7  8  9   8  9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19  10 11 12 13 14 15 16  15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26  17 18 19 20 21 22 23  22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 31        24 25 26 27 28 29 30  29 30 31

                                                          [Snoopy Picture]

1582

January               February               March                 April                  May                   June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1  2  3  4  5  6  7            1  2  3  4            1  2  3  4                     1      1  2  3  4  5  6               1  2  3
8  9 10 11 12 13 14   5  6  7  8  9 10 11   5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8   7  8  9 10 11 12 13   4  5  6  7  8  9 10
15 16 17 18 19 20 21  12 13 14 15 16 17 18  12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15  14 15 16 17 18 19 20  11 12 13 14 15 16 17
22 23 24 25 26 27 28  19 20 21 22 23 24 25  19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  21 22 23 24 25 26 27  18 19 20 21 22 23 24
29 30 31              26 27 28              26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28 29  28 29 30 31           25 26 27 28 29 30
30

July                 August              September              October               November              December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su  Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1         1  2  3  4  5                  1  2   1  2  3  4 15 16 17   1  2  3  4  5  6  7         1  2  3  4  5
2  3  4  5  6  7  8   6  7  8  9 10 11 12   3  4  5  6  7  8  9  18 19 20 21 22 23 24   8  9 10 11 12 13 14   6  7  8  9 10 11 12
9 10 11 12 13 14 15  13 14 15 16 17 18 19  10 11 12 13 14 15 16  25 26 27 28 29 30 31  15 16 17 18 19 20 21  13 14 15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20 21 22  20 21 22 23 24 25 26  17 18 19 20 21 22 23                        22 23 24 25 26 27 28  20 21 22 23 24 25 26
23 24 25 26 27 28 29  27 28 29 30 31        24 25 26 27 28 29 30                        29 30                 27 28 29 30 31
30 31

$include "seed7_05.s7i"; include "time.s7i"; const func string: center (in string: stri, in integer: length) is return ("" lpad (length - length(stri)) div 2 <& stri) rpad length; const proc: printCalendar (in integer: year, in integer: cols) is func local var time: date is time.value; var integer: dayOfWeek is 0; const array string: monthNames is [] ("January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"); var array array string: monthTable is 12 times 9 times ""; var string: str is ""; var integer: month is 0; var integer: position is 0; var integer: row is 0; var integer: column is 0; var integer: line is 0; begin for month range 1 to 12 do monthTable[month][1] := " " & center(monthNames[month], 20); monthTable[month][2] := " Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su"; date := date(year, month, 1); dayOfWeek := dayOfWeek(date); for position range 1 to 43 do if position >= dayOfWeek and position - dayOfWeek < daysInMonth(date.year, date.month) then str := succ(position - dayOfWeek) lpad 3; else str := "" lpad 3; end if; monthTable[month][3 + pred(position) div 7] &:= str; end for; end for; writeln(center("[Snoopy Picture]", cols * 24 + 4)); writeln(center(str(year),cols * 24 + 4)); writeln; for row range 1 to succ(11 div cols) do for line range 1 to 9 do for column range 1 to cols do if pred(row) * cols + column <= 12 then write(" " & monthTable[pred(row) * cols + column][line]); end if; end for; writeln; end for; end for; end func; const proc: main is func begin printCalendar(1969, 3); end func; Original source: [1] The output of this program is:  [Snoopy Picture] 1969 January February March Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 April May June Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July August September Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 October November December Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31  ## Tcl Due to the prevalence of 80 column devices instead of 132 column ones, this code produces 3 months at a time instead of 4. package require Tcl 8.5 # Produce information about the days in a month, without any assumptions about# what those days actually are.proc calMonthDays {timezone locale year month} { set days {} set moment [clock scan [format "%04d-%02d-00 12:00"$year $month] \ -timezone$timezone -locale $locale -format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"] while 1 { set moment [clock add$moment 1 day]	lassign [clock format $moment -timezone$timezone -locale $locale \ -format "%m %d %u"] m d dow if {[scan$m %d] != $month} { return$days	}	lappend days $moment [scan$d %d] $dow }} proc calMonth {year month timezone locale} { set dow 0 set line "" set lines {} foreach {t day dayofweek} [calMonthDays$timezone $locale$year $month] { if {![llength$lines]} {lappend lines $t} if {$dow > $dayofweek} { lappend lines [string trimright$line]	    set line ""	    set dow 0	}	while {$dow <$dayofweek-1} {	    append line "   "	    incr dow	}	append line [format "%2d " $day] set dow$dayofweek    }    lappend lines [string trimright $line]} proc cal3Month {year month timezone locale} { # Extract the month data set d1 [lassign [calMonth$year $month$timezone $locale] t1]; incr month set d2 [lassign [calMonth$year $month$timezone $locale] t2]; incr month set d3 [lassign [calMonth$year $month$timezone $locale] t3] # Print the header line of month names foreach t [list$t1 $t2$t3] {	set m [clock format $t -timezone$timezone -locale $locale -format "%B"] set l [expr {10 + [string length$m]/2}]	puts -nonewline [format "%-25s" [format "%*s" $l$m]]    }    puts ""    # Print the month days    foreach l1 $d1 l2$d2 l3 $d3 { puts [format "%-25s%-25s%s"$l1 $l2$l3]    }} proc cal {{year ""} {timezone :localtime} {locale en}} {    if {$year eq ""} { set year [clock format [clock seconds] -format %Y] } puts [format "%40s" "--$year --"]    foreach m {1 4 7 10} {	puts ""	cal3Month $year$m $timezone$locale    }} proc snoopy {} {    puts [format "%43s\n" {[Snoopy Picture]}]} snoopycal

Which produces this output:

                           [Snoopy Picture]

-- 2011 --

January                  February                  March
1  2         1  2  3  4  5  6         1  2  3  4  5  6
3  4  5  6  7  8  9      7  8  9 10 11 12 13      7  8  9 10 11 12 13
10 11 12 13 14 15 16     14 15 16 17 18 19 20     14 15 16 17 18 19 20
17 18 19 20 21 22 23     21 22 23 24 25 26 27     21 22 23 24 25 26 27
24 25 26 27 28 29 30     28                       28 29 30 31
31

April                     May                      June
1  2  3                        1            1  2  3  4  5
4  5  6  7  8  9 10      2  3  4  5  6  7  8      6  7  8  9 10 11 12
11 12 13 14 15 16 17      9 10 11 12 13 14 15     13 14 15 16 17 18 19
18 19 20 21 22 23 24     16 17 18 19 20 21 22     20 21 22 23 24 25 26
25 26 27 28 29 30        23 24 25 26 27 28 29     27 28 29 30
30 31

July                    August                 September
1  2  3      1  2  3  4  5  6  7               1  2  3  4
4  5  6  7  8  9 10      8  9 10 11 12 13 14      5  6  7  8  9 10 11
11 12 13 14 15 16 17     15 16 17 18 19 20 21     12 13 14 15 16 17 18
18 19 20 21 22 23 24     22 23 24 25 26 27 28     19 20 21 22 23 24 25
25 26 27 28 29 30 31     29 30 31                 26 27 28 29 30

October                  November                 December
1  2         1  2  3  4  5  6               1  2  3  4
3  4  5  6  7  8  9      7  8  9 10 11 12 13      5  6  7  8  9 10 11
10 11 12 13 14 15 16     14 15 16 17 18 19 20     12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 18 19 20 21 22 23     21 22 23 24 25 26 27     19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30     28 29 30                 26 27 28 29 30 31
31

If a different year is chosen, it's printed…

snoopycal 1969
                           [Snoopy Picture]

-- 1969 --

January                  February                  March
1  2  3  4  5                     1  2                     1  2
6  7  8  9 10 11 12      3  4  5  6  7  8  9      3  4  5  6  7  8  9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19     10 11 12 13 14 15 16     10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26     17 18 19 20 21 22 23     17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31           24 25 26 27 28           24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31

April                     May                      June
1  2  3  4  5  6               1  2  3  4                        1
7  8  9 10 11 12 13      5  6  7  8  9 10 11      2  3  4  5  6  7  8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20     12 13 14 15 16 17 18      9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27     19 20 21 22 23 24 25     16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30                 26 27 28 29 30 31        23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30

July                    August                 September
1  2  3  4  5  6                  1  2  3      1  2  3  4  5  6  7
7  8  9 10 11 12 13      4  5  6  7  8  9 10      8  9 10 11 12 13 14
14 15 16 17 18 19 20     11 12 13 14 15 16 17     15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27     18 19 20 21 22 23 24     22 23 24 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 31              25 26 27 28 29 30 31     29 30

October                  November                 December
1  2  3  4  5                     1  2      1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9 10 11 12      3  4  5  6  7  8  9      8  9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19     10 11 12 13 14 15 16     15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26     17 18 19 20 21 22 23     22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 31           24 25 26 27 28 29 30     29 30 31

The code also handles Julian/Gregorian switch dates correctly, but must be told what locale to format the switch as and for what timezone in that case. For example, Spain was one of the first countries to make the change:

snoopycal 1582 :Europe/Madrid es_ES
                           [Snoopy Picture]

-- 1582 --

enero                   febrero                   marzo
1  2  3  4  5  6  7               1  2  3  4               1  2  3  4
8  9 10 11 12 13 14      5  6  7  8  9 10 11      5  6  7  8  9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21     12 13 14 15 16 17 18     12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28     19 20 21 22 23 24 25     19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31                 26 27 28                 26 27 28 29 30 31

abril                     mayo                    junio
1         1  2  3  4  5  6                  1  2  3
2  3  4  5  6  7  8      7  8  9 10 11 12 13      4  5  6  7  8  9 10
9 10 11 12 13 14 15     14 15 16 17 18 19 20     11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 17 18 19 20 21 22     21 22 23 24 25 26 27     18 19 20 21 22 23 24
23 24 25 26 27 28 29     28 29 30 31              25 26 27 28 29 30
30

julio                    agosto                 septiembre
1            1  2  3  4  5                     1  2
2  3  4  5  6  7  8      6  7  8  9 10 11 12      3  4  5  6  7  8  9
9 10 11 12 13 14 15     13 14 15 16 17 18 19     10 11 12 13 14 15 16
16 17 18 19 20 21 22     20 21 22 23 24 25 26     17 18 19 20 21 22 23
23 24 25 26 27 28 29     27 28 29 30 31           24 25 26 27 28 29 30
30 31

octubre                 noviembre                diciembre
1  2  3  4 15 16 17      1  2  3  4  5  6  7            1  2  3  4  5
18 19 20 21 22 23 24      8  9 10 11 12 13 14      6  7  8  9 10 11 12
25 26 27 28 29 30 31     15 16 17 18 19 20 21     13 14 15 16 17 18 19
22 23 24 25 26 27 28     20 21 22 23 24 25 26
29 30                    27 28 29 30 31

As can be seen, a Real Programmer has many intricacies to deal with!

## UNIX Shell

All Unix variations come with the cal command which makes the task very easy.

 #!/bin/shecho "Snoopy goes here"cal 1969

Output produced:

Snoopy goes here
1969

January               February               March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                     1                     1
5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8   2  3  4  5  6  7  8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15   9 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28     23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
April                  May                   June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5               1  2  3   1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9 10 11 12   4  5  6  7  8  9 10   8  9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19  11 12 13 14 15 16 17  15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26  18 19 20 21 22 23 24  22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30           25 26 27 28 29 30 31  29 30

July                 August              September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                  1  2      1  2  3  4  5  6
6  7  8  9 10 11 12   3  4  5  6  7  8  9   7  8  9 10 11 12 13
13 14 15 16 17 18 19  10 11 12 13 14 15 16  14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26  17 18 19 20 21 22 23  21 22 23 24 25 26 27
27 28 29 30 31        24 25 26 27 28 29 30  28 29 30
31
October               November              December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                     1      1  2  3  4  5  6
5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8   7  8  9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15  14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28 29  28 29 30 31
30

## Vedit macro language

This implementation uses the calendar.vdm macro that comes with Vedit. (So it serves as an example of how to call other macros from a macro.) See CALENDAR task for a stand-alone version.
Calendar.vdm draws one month calendar. That is then copied as columnar block and pasted to the 1969 calendar.

Buf_Switch(Buf_Free)Config_Tab(5,30,55)#9 = 1                  // first day of week: 0=Su, 1=Mo#3 = 3                  // number of months per line#2 = 1969               // year#1 = 1                  // starting monthRepeat(12/#3) {    Repeat (#3) {        Buf_Switch(Buf_Free)        Call_File(122, "calendar.vdm", "DRAW_CALENDAR")        Reg_Copy_Block(10, 1, EOB_Pos, COLSET, 1, 21)        Buf_Quit(OK)        EOL Ins_Char(9)        #5 = Cur_Pos        Reg_Ins(10)        Goto_Pos(#5)        #1++    }    EOF    Ins_Newline(2)}

The code above creates calendar for 80x43 display. For 132 column display, change #3 (number of months per line) to 4 or 6, and adjust the tab positions if required. The following would work with all widhts, but the left/right margin would not be balanced.

Config_Tab(22)

Output:

        January   1969           February  1969           March     1969

Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
--------------------     --------------------     --------------------
1  2  3  4  5                     1  2                     1  2
6  7  8  9 10 11 12      3  4  5  6  7  8  9      3  4  5  6  7  8  9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19     10 11 12 13 14 15 16     10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23 24 25 26     17 18 19 20 21 22 23     17 18 19 20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30 31           24 25 26 27 28           24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31

April     1969           May       1969           June      1969

Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
--------------------     --------------------     --------------------
1  2  3  4  5  6               1  2  3  4                        1
7  8  9 10 11 12 13      5  6  7  8  9 10 11      2  3  4  5  6  7  8
14 15 16 17 18 19 20     12 13 14 15 16 17 18      9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27     19 20 21 22 23 24 25     16 17 18 19 20 21 22
28 29 30                 26 27 28 29 30 31        23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30

July      1969           August    1969           September 1969

Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
--------------------     --------------------     --------------------
1  2  3  4  5  6                  1  2  3      1  2  3  4  5  6  7
7  8  9 10 11 12 13      4  5  6  7  8  9 10      8  9 10 11 12 13 14
14 15 16 17 18 19 20     11 12 13 14 15 16 17     15 16 17 18 19 20 21
21 22 23 24 25 26 27     18 19 20 21 22 23 24     22 23 24 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 31              25 26 27 28 29 30 31     29 30

October   1969           November  1969           December  1969

Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su     Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
--------------------     --------------------     --------------------
1  2  3  4  5                     1  2      1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9 10 11 12      3  4  5  6  7  8  9      8  9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19     10 11 12 13 14 15 16     15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26     17 18 19 20 21 22 23     22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 31           24 25 26 27 28 29 30     29 30 31

## XPL0

include c:\cxpl\codes;          \intrinsic 'code' declarations func WeekDay(Year, Month, Day); \Return day of week (0=Sun 1=Mon..6=Sat)int  Year, Month, Day;          \Works for years from 1583 onward[if Month<=2 then [Month:= Month+12;  Year:= Year-1];return rem((Day-1 + (Month+1)*26/10 + Year + Year/4 + Year/100*6 + Year/400)/7);]; proc Space(N);                  \Display N space charactersint  N;while N do [ChOut(0, ^ );  N:= N-1]; proc Calendar(Year);            \Display calendar for specified yearint  Year;int  Month, Col, C, Line, MoName, Days, DayMax, Day(3);[MoName:= [  " January ", " February", "  March  ", "  April  ", "   May   ", "   June  ",  "   July  ", "  August ", "September", "  October", " November", " December"];Space(35);  Text(0, "[Snoopy]");  CrLf(0);Space(37);  IntOut(0, Year);  CrLf(0);CrLf(0);for Month:= 1 to 12 do  [for Col:= 0 to 3-1 do    [Space(5);  Text(0, MoName(Month+Col-1));  Space(7);    if Col<2 then Space(8);    ];  CrLf(0);  for Col:= 0 to 3-1 do    [Text(0, "Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa");    if Col<2 then Space(9);    ];  CrLf(0);  for Col:= 0 to 3-1 do         \day of first Sunday of month (can be negative)    Day(Col):= 1 - WeekDay(Year, Month+Col, 1);  for Line:= 0 to 6-1 do    [for Col:= 0 to 3-1 do      [Days:= [0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31];      DayMax:= Days(Month+Col);      if Month+Col=2 & (rem(Year/4)=0 & rem(Year/100)#0 ! rem(Year/400)=0) then        DayMax:= DayMax+1;      \if February and leap year then add a day      for C:= 0 to 7-1 do        [if Day(Col)>=1 & Day(Col)<=DayMax then          [IntOut(0, Day(Col));          if Day(Col)<10 then Space(1); \left justify          ]        else Space(2);          \suppress out of range days        Space(1);        Day(Col):= Day(Col)+1;        ];      if Col<2 then Space(8);      ];    CrLf(0);    ];  CrLf(0);  Month:= Month+2;              \2+1 months per Col(umn)  ];]; Calendar(1969)
Output:
                                   [Snoopy]
1969

January                      February                      March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                            1                            1
5  6  7  8  9  10 11         2  3  4  5  6  7  8          2  3  4  5  6  7  8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18         9  10 11 12 13 14 15         9  10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25         16 17 18 19 20 21 22         16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31            23 24 25 26 27 28            23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31

April                         May                          June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                      1  2  3          1  2  3  4  5  6  7
6  7  8  9  10 11 12         4  5  6  7  8  9  10         8  9  10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19         11 12 13 14 15 16 17         15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26         18 19 20 21 22 23 24         22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30                  25 26 27 28 29 30 31         29 30

July                        August                     September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4  5                         1  2             1  2  3  4  5  6
6  7  8  9  10 11 12         3  4  5  6  7  8  9          7  8  9  10 11 12 13
13 14 15 16 17 18 19         10 11 12 13 14 15 16         14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26         17 18 19 20 21 22 23         21 22 23 24 25 26 27
27 28 29 30 31               24 25 26 27 28 29 30         28 29 30
31

October                     November                     December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa         Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1  2  3  4                            1             1  2  3  4  5  6
5  6  7  8  9  10 11         2  3  4  5  6  7  8          7  8  9  10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18         9  10 11 12 13 14 15         14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25         16 17 18 19 20 21 22         21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30 31            23 24 25 26 27 28 29         28 29 30 31
30
`

format: plain


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Statistical Measures of Centre - Mean of Data Formulas | List of Statistical Measures of Centre - Mean of Data Formulas You Should Know - BYJUS

# Statistical Measures of Centre - Mean of Data Formulas

Mean is one of the most commonly used methods to find the central tendency of a data set. We use the concept of mean to get an overall idea of a set of data. We will discuss the formula used to find the mean of a dataset and the steps involved in the process. ...Read MoreRead Less

### Central Tendency

Central tendency is a term that is commonly used in the field of statistics. It is a statistical measure that represents a single value for the entire distribution or a dataset. Central tendency provides us an accurate explanation of the data in the distribution.

We use the concept of mean quite often to find the central tendency of data sets. There are multiple ways to find the mean of a data set. But arithmetic mean or average is the most commonly used method for finding mean. Hence, the term ‘mean’ is synonymous with arithmetic mean. We will learn the formula used to calculate the arithmetic mean of a data set.

### List of Formulas

• $$\text{Mean of data set}=\frac{\text{Sum of all data}}{\text{Number of values}}$$

The mean of a data set is the sum of all values in the data set divided by the number of values in the data set. To find the mean of a data set, we first need to know all values present in the data set. We need to find the number of values and the sum of all values in the data set. Mean of the data set is the sum of all data values divided by the number of values in the data set.

### Solved Examples

Example 1: Find the mean of the values: 5, 8, 12, 24, 4, 21, 51, 6, 1, 14.

Solution:

Data values: 5, 8, 12, 24, 4, 21, 51, 6, 1, 14

Number of data values = 10

Sum of data values = 5 + 8 + 12 + 24 + 4 + 21 + 51 + 6 + 1 + 14

$$\text{Mean of data set}=\frac{\text{Sum of all data}}{\text{Number of values}}$$

= $$\frac{146}{10}$$    [Substitute values]

= 14.6   [Divide]

So, the mean of the given data set is 14.6.

Example 2: Find the mean of the following set of values:

45, 43, 56, 78, 102, 213, 42, 29, 79, 11, 3, 91

Solution:

The values are 45, 43, 56, 78, 102, 213, 42, 29, 79, 11, 3 and 91.

Total number of values = 12

Sum of all values = 45 + 43 + 56 + 78 + 102 + 213 + 42 + 29 + 79 + 11 + 3 + 91

$$\text{Mean of data set}=\frac{\text{Sum of all data}}{\text{Number of values}}$$

= $$\frac{792}{12}$$     [Substitute values]

= 66      [Divide]

Therefore, the mean of the given values is 66.

Example 3: The height of 10 students in a class are as follows.

145, 152, 143, 144, 156, 138, 144, 137, 140 and 132

All measurements are in centimeters. Find the mean height of the students.

Solution:

Height of the students: 145, 152, 143, 144, 156, 138, 144, 137, 140 and 132

Number of students = 10

Mean of data set = $$\frac{\text{Sum of all data}}{\text{Number of values}}$$

= $$\frac{145~+~152~+~143~+~144~+~156~+~138~+~144~+~137~+~140~+~132}{10}$$        [Substitute values]

= $$\frac{1431}{10}$$         [Add]

= 143.1 cm   [Divide]

So, the mean height of the 10 students is 143.1 centimeters.

Example 4: Two values, a and b, are not marked on the line plot. If the mean of the completed data set is 24 and the value of a is one more than the value of b, find the missing terms.

Solution:

As per question a = b + 1, and the mean is 25.

$$\text{Mean of data set}=\frac{\text{Sum of all data}}{\text{Number of values}}$$

24 = $$\frac{~22~+~23~+~23~+~23~+~24~+~25~+~26~+27~+~28~+~a~+~b}{11}$$

$$11~\times~24=221~+a~+~b$$   [Multiply both sides by 11]

264 = 221 + a + b                 [Multiply]

264 – 221 = a + b                 [Subtract 221 from both sides]

a + b = 43

But

So, b + b + 1 = 43                 [Substitute b+1 for a]

2b = 43 – 1                           [Subtract 1 from both sides]

2b = 42

b = $$42~\div~2$$                          [Divide both sides by 2]

b = 21

So, a = b + 1

a = 21 + 1                               [Substitute 21 for b]

Hence the missing terms are 22 and 21.

Example 5: A basketball player scores an average of 14 points in a match. If the player has scored 672 points in total, find the number of matches he played.

Solution:

Average points scored per match = 14 points

Total points scored = 672

Number of matches played = ?

We can use the mean formula to calculate the number of matches he has played. Let the number of matches be x.

$$\text{Mean of data set}=\frac{\text{Sum of all data}}{\text{Number of values}}$$

14 = $$\frac{672}{x}$$    [Substitute values]

x = $$\frac{672}{14}$$     [Multiply both sides by x, and divide both sides by 14]

x = 48

So, the basketball player has played in 48 matches.


text:
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# Technical University of Munich

Towards Automated Models of Activities of Daily Life (bibtex)
Towards Automated Models of Activities of Daily Life (bibtex)
by M Beetz, J Bandouch, D Jain and M Tenorth
Abstract:
We propose automated probabilistic models of everyday activities (AM-EvA) as a novel technical means for the perception, interpretation, and analysis of everyday manipulation tasks and activities of daily life. AM-EvAs are based on action-related concepts in everyday activities such as action-related places (the place where cups are taken from the cupboard), capabilities (the objects that can be picked up single-handedly), etc. These concepts are probabilistically derived from a set of previous activities that are fully and automatically observed by computer vision and additional sensor systems. AM-EvA models enable robots and technical systems to analyze activities in the complete situation and activity context. They render the classification and the assessment of actions and situations objective and can justify the probabilistic interpretation with respect to the activities the concepts have been learned from. In this paper, we describe the current state of implementation of the system that realizes this idea of automated models of everyday activities and show example results from the observation and analysis of table setting episodes.
Reference:
Towards Automated Models of Activities of Daily Life (M Beetz, J Bandouch, D Jain and M Tenorth), In First International Symposium on Quality of Life Technology – Intelligent Systems for Better Living, 2009.
Bibtex Entry:
@inproceedings{beetz09qlts,
author = {M Beetz and J Bandouch and D Jain and M Tenorth},
title = {{Towards Automated Models of Activities of Daily Life}},
booktitle = {First International Symposium on Quality of Life Technology -- Intelligent Systems for Better Living},
year = {2009},
bib2html_pubtype = {Conference Paper},
bib2html_rescat = {Learning,Models,Planning,Perception,Knowledge,Reasoning,Representation},
bib2html_groups = {Memoman,K4C,ProbCog},
bib2html_funding = {CoTeSys},
bib2html_domain = {Assistive Household},
abstract = {We propose automated probabilistic models of everyday
activities (AM-EvA) as a novel technical means for the
perception, interpretation, and analysis of everyday manipulation
tasks and activities of daily life. AM-EvAs are based on
action-related concepts in everyday activities such as
action-related places (the place where cups are taken from the
cupboard), capabilities (the objects that can be picked up
single-handedly), etc. These concepts are probabilistically derived
from a set of previous activities that are fully and automatically
observed by computer vision and additional sensor systems. AM-EvA
models enable robots and technical systems to analyze activities in
the complete situation and activity context. They render the
classification and the assessment of actions and situations objective
and can justify the probabilistic interpretation with respect to the
activities the concepts have been learned from.
In this paper, we describe the current state of implementation of the
system that realizes this idea of automated models of
everyday activities and show example results from the observation
and analysis of table setting episodes.},
}