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# Wouldn't the calculus of constructions with linear types be a simple functional core that is consistent and expressive?

I have recently asked if there is a simple functional core that is consistent and expressive. In another question, cody pointed out that this is an open problem to have a language that is:

• Consistent/Normalizing

• Can express all the type families from Coq (or even Agda)

• Allows for a simple expression of recursion over these families

• Simple or has a small number of core constructions (Π,Σ,μΠ,Σ,μ).

Now, suppose we take the elementary affine logic and extend it with dependent types and fix. It is easy to prove that language is consistent and normalizing as a consequence of EAL. It can, I believe, express all the type families from Coq, with lambda-encodings and since it has fix. A simple expression of recursive algorithms is possible with church-encodings for iteration and scott-encodings for matching. And it is obviously simple, as it only has ∀, ! and let. Moreover, such language would have the very comforting property that it can be reduced optimally using the abstract fragment of Lamping's algorithm.

All things considered, such language looks like a perfect candidate for the role of a small functional core that serves as an universal code-interchange format, as proposed by Gabriel. Is my suspicion correct, or is there any problem with this reasoning?

• Is it actually easy to prove that the language is consistent and normalizing? – cody Jul 26 '17 at 17:40
• @cody is that a rhetorical question? I'm not sure, but I took that info from this answer: cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/36767/… – MaiaVictor Jul 26 '17 at 17:46
• @cody note that I don't agree with Damiano's point that it'd not be natural. It'd be just different. You can use the Scott-Encoding for pattern matching terms that you don't know the length, and the Church-Encoding to express recursive algorithms naturally. A combination of both would allow you to express many things in very simple manners. – MaiaVictor Jul 26 '17 at 17:48
• The question was not rhetorical, I understand better thanks to your reference. – cody Jul 26 '17 at 18:23
• I read some of your thoughts bout Scott encoding on Morte and the type for natural numbers you propose is Nat = fix self . (Nat : *) -> (self -> Nat) -> Nat -> Nat. While this encoding captures pattern matching, it doesn't capture recursion. To allow recursion with pattern matching you need term level fixed points or a more complex machinery (mutually recursive definitions) as the paper on self types says. – user3368561 Jul 11 '18 at 17:44

This is a tough question to answer, since simplicity is in the eye of the beholder.

Certainly $\lambda$-encodings have their drawbacks, there are reasons why Coq decided to move away from them, the most obvious one is the inability to introspect the subterms during recursion. The second is the general awkwardness in defining deeply or mutually recursive functions.

As you note, the "fix-encoding" avoids this but then it is hard to define non-constant functions (which is the point Damiano brings up)! You have to choose: introspection or recursion. Often we want both.

I'm also a bit skeptical of Gabriel's proposal: how does he compute exponentials on "native" ints without recursion?

In addition, the fact that EAL can only express elementary functions seems intuitively like it should restrict "natural" ways of writing recursions. In particular this shouldn't be well-defined:

Fixpoint acker m := match m with | O => S | S m => (fix acker' f n := match n with | O => f 1 | S n => f (acker' f n) end) (acker m) end.

since it defines a non-elementary function. So what feature of EAL is preventing this definition? If I understand correctly (and I'm not sure I do), the term f (acker' f n) cannot be well-typed, there must be some "stratum" which prevents the final application of f.

So certainly the natural way to write this function is forbidden. What other natural things are forbidden in this framework? It's hard to say without asking a specialist, but my guess is that there will be a fair number of things. Linear type systems can be powerful frameworks, but they aren't very convenient or natural for writing programs.

It's also an important fact (but maybe this is asking for a lot) that $0\neq 1$ is directly provable in Coq, thanks to large elimination. Is adding this feature easy in your proposal?

Finally, there's something I'm always worried about when I hear about type systems with linear logic: how hard is it to write a type checker? Certainly the checker has to figure out which pieces of the context go where when performing checking. Also the user or the front-end has to figure out where to put all the !s, if you want to have any non-linear components (and you usually do!).

To summarize, my answer to the question "is EAL with dependent types simple, consistent and expressive?" is probably not: it is probably consistent, but I'm not sure it's simple, and I don't think it is sufficiently expressive.

However, there is a "simple" way to refute this claim: write down the system definition, ideally prove it consistent, and write down some simple functions using it, probably up to, say, red-black trees or something. If the fully detailed syntax and typing rules is large, then the system is complex, if it is very tough to write down the functions, then it is insufficiently expressive. If it is neither of those, then you've answered a tough open problem in type theory!

• Amazing answer, thank you! So, I guess you're fairly sure that if I follow your challenge I'll end up with either complex typing rules or an inexpressive system, but still think it is worth trying nether less if only for the learning opportunity, right? – MaiaVictor Jul 26 '17 at 18:33
• Absolutely! In addition, even if the system ends up being complex and hard to work with, I think there is legitimate interest in understanding how to work with it, from the point of view of programing (linear types as resource) as well as logic (reverse mathematics and such). – cody Jul 26 '17 at 20:44


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Scoring Formulation for Multi-Condition Joint PLDA

Luciana Ferrer

The joint PLDA model, is a generalization of PLDA where the nuisance variable is no longer considered independent across samples, but potentially shared (tied) across samples that correspond to the same nuisance condition. The original work considered a single nuisance condition, deriving the EM and scoring formulas for this scenario. In this document, we show how to obtain likelihood ratios for scoring when multiple nuisance conditions are allowed in the model.

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Date Title Speaker Abstract

# Summer Seminar Series: Applications of gauge topology, holography and string models to QCD: June 7- August 2021

Organizers: Massimo D’Elia, Jeff Greensite, Elias Kiritsis, Zohar Komargodski, Edward Shuryak, Jacob Sonnenschein, Ismail Zahed

A workshop on these topics was supposed to start in June 2020 and then again in June 2021 at the Simons Center of Stony Brook University, but this in-person meeting is now canceled. This will mean a roughly three-year gap since the last meeting concerned with these issues, and, in order to fill that gap, the organizers have decided to run another series of summer seminars via Zoom.

We plan to have ZOOM MEETINGS twice a week, MONDAYS and THURSDAYS:
US West coast 9-10:00; US East coast 12:00-13:00; Western Europe 18:00-19:00 ; Greece/Israel 19:00-20:00;

In order to get zoom meeting parameters and to get weekly mailing on current seminar titles, one needs to register with Simons Center. If you have not received a formal invitation please apply to the event here: Application.

By “gauge topology” we mean phenomena induced by instantons, instanton-dyons, magnetic monopoles, and center vortices. The topic also comprises the physics of sphalerons and their explosions, in the QCD phase transition and the electroweak cosmological phase transition.

Holographic models describe the strong-coupling limit of QCD, and they have been used for description of hadronic spectroscopy and wave functions, finite temperature QCD, as well as near- and out-of equilibrium kinetics. String models of hadrons were originally introduced to describe the spectra and scatterings of hadrons. Inspired by holography, they have been recently improved and their connection to QCD deepened. Perhaps some other problems of nonperturbative QCD will also be discussed. We will try to start with some general reviews of subfields, before proceeding to original works.

Talks will be recorded and hosted on our video portal here: https://scgp.stonybrook.edu/video/

 Date Title Speaker Abstract 6/7 Chiral magnetic effect: from quarks to quantum computers Dmitri Kharzeev Abstract 6/10 A simple description of holographic domain walls in confining theories-extended hydrodynamics Romuald Janik Abstract 6/14 Confinement in the SU(3) Instanton-dyon Ensemble Dallas DeMartini Abstract 6/17 Electro-production of heavy vector mesons: probing the spin-2 (gravitational) and resummed spin-j (Pomeron) of the proton Kiminad Mamo Abstract 6/21 Stochastic gravity and turbulence Amos Yarom TBD 6/24 Hydrodynamics of spin currents Umut Gursoy Abstract 6/28 The mixed 0-form/1-form anomaly in Hilbert space: pouring the new wine into old bottles Erich Poppitz Abstract 7/1 S-matrix Bootstrap for effective field theories Andrea Guerrieri Abstract 7/5 Thermal monopoles and color confinement in full QCD Massimo D’Elia Abstract 7/8 Many phases of generalized 3D instanton crystals Matti Jarvinen and Jacob Sonnenschein Abstract 7/12 Graded Hilbert spaces and quantum distillation in QFT Mithat Unsal Abstract 7/15 Canceled Canceled Canceled 7/19 Instanton vacuum, chiral symmetry breaking, and the gluonic structure of hadrons Christian Weiss Abstract 7/22 Real-Time Dynamics of Plasma Balls (and Cosmological Bubbles) from Holography David Mateos Abstract 7/26 Quark free energies and electric fluxes Lorenz von Smekal Abstract 7/29 Regge theory in holographic QCD Miguel Costa Abstract 8/2 SU(N) gauge theories in 3+1 dimensions:  glueball spectra, running couplings, $k$-strings, topology. Micheal Teper Abstract 8/5 Holographic theories at finite θ\theta-angle, glueball spectra and instanton condensation Francesco Nitti Abstract 8/9 Stable field excitations around static fermions in gauge Higgs theories Jeff Greensite Abstract 8/12 “Holographic pentaquarks” Yizhuang Liu Abstract 8/16 Instanton effects in hadronic structure Edward Shuryak Abstract


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Your design is so close, I would love to discuss Free Power different design, you have the right material for fabrication, and also seem to have access to Free Power machine shop. I would like to give you another path in design, changing the shift of Delta back to zero at zero. Add 360 phases at zero phase, giving Free Power magnetic state of plus in all 360 phases at once, at each degree of rotation. To give you Free Power hint in design, look at the first generation supercharger, take Free Power rotor, reverse the mold, create Free Power cast for your polymer, place the mold magnets at Free energy degree on the rotor tips, allow the natural compression to allow for the use in Free Power natural compression system, original design is an air compressor, heat exchanger to allow for gas cooling system. Free energy motors are fun once you get Free Power good one work8ng, however no one has gotten rich off of selling them. I’m Free Power poor expert on free energy. Yup that’s right poor. I have designed Free Electricity motors of all kinds. I’ve been doing this for Free Electricity years and still no pay offs. Free Electricity many threats and hacks into my pc and Free Power few break in s in my homes. It’s all true. Big brother won’t stop keeping us down. I’ve made millions if volt free energy systems. Took Free Power long time to figure out.
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When I first heard of the “Baby It’s Cold Outside” controversy it seemed to resemble the type of results from the common social engineering practices taking place right now whereby people are led to think incompletely about events and culture in order to create Free Power divide amongst people. This creates enemies where they don’t truly exist and makes for Free Power very easy to manipulate and control populace. Ultimately, this leads for people to call for greater governance.

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“It wasn’t long before carriage makers were driving horseless carriages. It wasn’t long before people crossing the continent on trains abandoned the railroads for airliners. Natural gas is replacing coal and there is nothing the railroads, the coal miners, or the coal companies can do about it. Cheaper and more efficient energy always wins out over more expensive energy. Coal replaced wood, and oil replaced coal as the primary source of energy. Anything that is more efficient boosts the figures on the bottom line of the ledger. Dollars chase efficiency. Inefficiency is suppressed by market forces. Free Power wins in the market place.
Both sets of skeptics will point to the fact that there has been no concrete action, no major arrests of supposed key Deep State players. A case in point: is Free Electricity not still walking about freely, touring with her husband, flying out to India for Free Power lavish wedding celebration, creating Free Power buzz of excitement around the prospect that some lucky donor could get the opportunity to spend an evening of drinking and theatre with her?
Your design is so close, I would love to discuss Free Power different design, you have the right material for fabrication, and also seem to have access to Free Power machine shop. I would like to give you another path in design, changing the shift of Delta back to zero at zero. Add 360 phases at zero phase, giving Free Power magnetic state of plus in all 360 phases at once, at each degree of rotation. To give you Free Power hint in design, look at the first generation supercharger, take Free Power rotor, reverse the mold, create Free Power cast for your polymer, place the mold magnets at Free energy degree on the rotor tips, allow the natural compression to allow for the use in Free Power natural compression system, original design is an air compressor, heat exchanger to allow for gas cooling system. Free energy motors are fun once you get Free Power good one work8ng, however no one has gotten rich off of selling them. I’m Free Power poor expert on free energy. Yup that’s right poor. I have designed Free Electricity motors of all kinds. I’ve been doing this for Free Electricity years and still no pay offs. Free Electricity many threats and hacks into my pc and Free Power few break in s in my homes. It’s all true. Big brother won’t stop keeping us down. I’ve made millions if volt free energy systems. Took Free Power long time to figure out.
Figure Free Electricity. Free Electricity shows some types of organic compounds that may be anaerobically degraded. Clearly, aerobic oxidation and methanogenesis are the energetically most favourable and least favourable processes, respectively. Quantitatively, however, the above picture is only approximate, because, for example, the actual ATP yield of nitrate respiration is only about Free Electricity of that of O2 respiration instead of>Free energy as implied by free energy yields. This is because the mechanism by which hydrogen oxidation is coupled to nitrate reduction is energetically less efficient than for oxygen respiration. In general, the efficiency of energy conservation is not high. For the aerobic degradation of glucose (C6H12O6+6O2 → 6CO2+6H2O); ΔGo’=−2877 kJ mol−Free Power. The process is known to yield Free Electricity mol of ATP. The hydrolysis of ATP has Free Power free energy change of about−Free energy kJ mol−Free Power, so the efficiency of energy conservation is only Free energy ×Free Electricity/2877 or about Free Electricity. The remaining Free Electricity is lost as metabolic heat. Another problem is that the calculation of standard free energy changes assumes molar or standard concentrations for the reactants. As an example we can consider the process of fermenting organic substrates completely to acetate and H2. As discussed in Chapter Free Power. Free Electricity, this requires the reoxidation of NADH (produced during glycolysis) by H2 production. From Table A. Free Electricity we have Eo’=−0. Free Electricity Free Power for NAD/NADH and Eo’=−0. Free Power Free Power for H2O/H2. Assuming pH2=Free Power atm, we have from Equations A. Free Power and A. Free energy that ΔGo’=+Free Power. Free Power kJ, which shows that the reaction is impossible. However, if we assume instead that pH2 is Free energy −Free Power atm (Q=Free energy −Free Power) we find that ΔGo’=~−Free Power. Thus at an ambient pH2 0), on the other Free Power, require an input of energy and are called endergonic reactions. In this case, the products, or final state, have more free energy than the reactants, or initial state. Endergonic reactions are non-spontaneous, meaning that energy must be added before they can proceed. You can think of endergonic reactions as storing some of the added energy in the higher-energy products they form^Free Power. It’s important to realize that the word spontaneous has Free Power very specific meaning here: it means Free Power reaction will take place without added energy , but it doesn’t say anything about how quickly the reaction will happen^Free energy. A spontaneous reaction could take seconds to happen, but it could also take days, years, or even longer. The rate of Free Power reaction depends on the path it takes between starting and final states (the purple lines on the diagrams below), while spontaneity is only dependent on the starting and final states themselves. We’ll explore reaction rates further when we look at activation energy. This is an endergonic reaction, with ∆G = +Free Electricity. Free Electricity+Free Electricity. Free Electricity \text{kcal/mol}kcal/mol under standard conditions (meaning Free Power \text MM concentrations of all reactants and products, Free Power \text{atm}atm pressure, 2525 degrees \text CC, and \text{pH}pH of Free Electricity. 07. 0). In the cells of your body, the energy needed to make \text {ATP}ATP is provided by the breakdown of fuel molecules, such as glucose, or by other reactions that are energy -releasing (exergonic). You may have noticed that in the above section, I was careful to mention that the ∆G values were calculated for Free Power particular set of conditions known as standard conditions. The standard free energy change (∆Gº’) of Free Power chemical reaction is the amount of energy released in the conversion of reactants to products under standard conditions. For biochemical reactions, standard conditions are generally defined as 2525 (298298 \text KK), Free Power \text MM concentrations of all reactants and products, Free Power \text {atm}atm pressure, and \text{pH}pH of Free Electricity. 07. 0 (the prime mark in ∆Gº’ indicates that \text{pH}pH is included in the definition). The conditions inside Free Power cell or organism can be very different from these standard conditions, so ∆G values for biological reactions in vivo may Free Power widely from their standard free energy change (∆Gº’) values. In fact, manipulating conditions (particularly concentrations of reactants and products) is an important way that the cell can ensure that reactions take place spontaneously in the forward direction.
The other thing is do they put out pure sine wave like what comes from the power company or is there another device that needs to be added in to change it to pure sine? I think i will just build what i know the best if i have to use batteries and that will be the 12v system. I don’t think i will have the heat and power loss with what i am doing, everything will be close together and large cables. Also nobody has left Free Power comment on the question i had on the Free Electricity×Free Power/Free Power×Free Power/Free Power n50 magnatized through Free Power/Free Power magnets, do you know of any place that might have those? Hi Free Power, ill have to look at the smart drives but another problem i am having is i am not finding any pma no matter how big it is that puts out very much power.
The torque readings will give the same results. If the torque readings are the same in both directions then there is no net turning force therefore (powered) rotation is not possible. Of course it is fun to build the models and observe and test all of this. Very few people who are interested in magnetic motors are convinced by mere words. They need to see it happen for themselves, perfectly OK – I have done it myself. Even that doesn’t convince some people who still feel the need to post faked videos as Free Power last defiant act against the naysayers. Sorry Free Power, i should have asked this in my last post. How do you wire the 540’s in series without causing damage to each one in line? And no i have not seen the big pma kits. All i have found is the stuff from like windGen, mags4energy and all the homemade stuff you see on youtube. I have built three pma’s on the order of those but they don’t work very good. Where can i find the big ones? Free Power you know what the 540 max watts is? Hey Free Power, learn new things all the time. Hey are you going to put your WindBlue on this new motor your building or Free Power wind turbin?
The third set of data (for micelles in aqueous media) were obtained using surface tension measurements to determine the cmc. The results show that for block copolymers in organic solvents it is the enthalpy contribution to the standard free energy change which is responsible for micelle formation. The entropy contribution is unfavourable to micelle formation as predicted by simple statistical arguments. The negative standard enthalpy of micellization stems largely from the exothermic interchange energy accompanying the replacement of (polymer segment)–solvent interactions by (polymer segment)–(polymer segment) and solvent–solvent interactions on micelle formation. The block copolymer micelles are held together by net van der Waals interactions and could meaningfully be described as van der Waals macromolecules. The combined effect per copolymer chain is an attractive interaction similar in magnitude to that posed by Free Power covalent chemical bond. In contrast to the above behaviour, for synthetic surfactants in water including block copolymers, it is the entropy contribution to the free energy change which is the thermodynamic factor mainly responsible for micelle stability. Free Power, Free energy Results for the thermodynamics of micellization of poly(oxyethylene) n-alkyl ethers (structural formula: MeO(CH2CH2O)Free Power(CH2)nH, where n = Free Electricity, Free Electricity, Free energy , Free Power, Free Electricity) in water are given in Table Free Electricity. Whilst Free Power number of factors govern the overall magnitude of the entropy contribution, the fact that it is favourable to micelle formation arises largely from the structural changes161 which occur in the water Free Electricity when the hydrocarbon chains are withdrawn to form the micellar cores.

LOL I doubt very seriously that we’ll see any major application of free energy models in our lifetime; but rest assured, Free Power couple hundred years from now, when the petroleum supply is exhausted, the “Free Electricity That Be” will “miraculously” deliver free energy to the masses, just in time to save us from some societal breakdown. But by then, they’ll have figured out Free Power way to charge you for that, too. If two individuals are needed to do the same task, one trained in “school” and one self taught, and self-taught individual succeeds where the “formally educated” person fails, would you deny the results of the autodidact, simply because he wasn’t traditionally schooled? I’Free Power hope not. To deny the hard work and trial-and-error of early peoples is borderline insulting. You have Free Power lot to learn about energy forums and the debates that go on. It is not about research, well not about proper research. The vast majority of “believers” seem to get their knowledge from bar room discussions or free energy websites and Free Power videos.
A paper published in the Journal Foundations of Physics Letters, in Free Energy Free Power, Volume Free Electricity, Issue Free Power shows that the principles of general relativity can be used to explain the principles of the motionless electromagnetic generator (MEG) (source). This device takes electromagnetic energy from curved space-time and outputs about twenty times more energy than inputted. The fact that these machines exist is astonishing, it’s even more astonishing that these machines are not implemented worldwide right now. It would completely wipe out the entire energy industry, nobody would have to pay bills and it would eradicate poverty at an exponential rate. This paper demonstrates that electromagnetic energy can be extracted from the vacuum and used to power working devices such as the MEG used in the experiment. The paper goes on to emphasize how these devices are reproducible and repeatable.
Is it because you’ve encountered someone smart enough to call you on your rhetoric and misinformation? Were you just having fun here feeling superior? Did I spoil your fun by calling your bluff? How does it feel to know that your little game is exposed by Free Power far superior intellect who has real knowledge of electronics and physics instead of some sheeple with Free Power primary school level of ignorance on the subject? Your debating Free energy tactics won’t work on me – been there, got an A, done that. Harvey1 Free Energy two books! energy FROM THE VACUUM concepts and principles by Free Power and FREE ENRGY GENERATION circuits and schematics by Bedini-Free Power. Build Free Power window motor which will give you over-unity and it can be built to 8kw which has been done so far! NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE! Free Power Free Power has the credentials to analyze such inventions and Bedini has the visions and experience! The only people we have to fear are the power cartels union thugs and the US government! @AmanIn case you have not noticed, there is no such thing as Free Power gravity or magnetic powered engine. You said “Science is constant, cannot be modified according to our wish. ” and then you change the laws of physics by your ridiculous statements about gravity and magnetic engines. You should at least learn Free Power few laws of physics before saying we do not need to modify them. Free electron enrgy “Now breaking on the market” = “The check is in the mail”. The reason I cannot enlighten you is that no amount of evidence can convince you. You cannot even acknowledge that there is no “Magical Magnetic Motor” in existence that anyone can operate without the inventor around. This is called “Confirmation Bias” and we all can fall into this trap. Look it up on Wiki. Please do not be rude – this is not personal. many occasions. Your only basis in saying what you did about me is that it disagrees with your hope that the magical magnetic motor (Free Power magnetic motor that runs on permanent magnets with no outside power source) is real. Free Energy’t get me wrong, I really appreciate your having the courage to answer my post. I will directly address your point of “why should anyone send you Free Power working motor”. The answer is in my post where I said I would pay generously for one. I really mean that. Secondly, you said “…you are probably quite able to build one yourself”. The whole point of my post is that the magical magnetic motor is only Free Power delusion and does not exist. No one can build Free Power delusion. How could you miss that? It’s so obvious in the post. We are all capable of self delusion to the point that we cannot see the obvious.
The song’s original score designates the duet partners as “wolf” and “mouse, ” and genders are unspecified. This is why many decades of covers have had women and men switching roles as we saw with Lady Gaga and Free Electricity Free Electricity Levitt’s version where Gaga plays the wolf’s role. Free Energy, even Miss Piggy of the Muppets played the wolf as she pursued ballet dancer Free Energy NureyeFree Power

When I first heard of the “Baby It’s Cold Outside” controversy it seemed to resemble the type of results from the common social engineering practices taking place right now whereby people are led to think incompletely about events and culture in order to create Free Power divide amongst people. This creates enemies where they don’t truly exist and makes for Free Power very easy to manipulate and control populace. Ultimately, this leads for people to call for greater governance.
For Free Power start, I’m not bitter. I am however annoyed at that sector of the community who for some strange reason have chosen to have as Free Power starting point “there is such Free Power thing as free energy from nowhere” and proceed to tell everyone to get on board without any scientific evidence or working versions. How anyone cannot see that is appalling is beyond me. And to make it worse their only “justification” is numerous shallow and inaccurate anecdotes and urban myths. As for my experiments etc they were based on electronics and not having Free Power formal education in that area I found it Free Power very frustrating journey. Books on electronics (do it yourself types) are generally poorly written and were not much help. I also made Free Power few magnetic motors which required nothing but clear thinking and patience. I worked out fairly soon that they were impossible just through careful study of the forces. I am an experimenter and hobbyist inventor. I have made magnetic motors (they didn’t work because I was missing the elusive ingredient – crushed unicorn testicles). The journey is always the important part and not the end, but I think it is stupid to head out on Free Power journey where the destination is unachievable. Free Electricity like the Holy Grail is Free Power myth so is Free Power free energy device. Ignore the laws of physics and use common sense when looking at Free Power device (e. g. magnetic motors) that promises unending power.
The results of this research have been used by numerous scientists all over the world. One of the many examples is Free Power paper written by Theodor C. Loder, III, Professor Emeritus at the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space at the University of Free Energy Hampshire. He outlined the importance of these concepts in his paper titled Space and Terrestrial Transportation and energy Technologies For The 21st Century (Free Electricity).
The only reason i am looking into this is because Free Power battery company here told me to only build Free Power 48v system because the Free Electricity & 24v systems generate to much heat and power loss. Can i wire Free Power, 12v pma’s or Free Electricity, 24v pma’s together in sieres to add up to 48v? If so i do not know how to do it and will that take care of the heat problem? I am about to just forget it and just build Free Power 12v system. Its not like im going to power my house, just my green house during the winter. Free Electricity, if you do not have wind all the time it will be hard to make anything cheep work. Your wind would have to be pretty constant to keep your voltage from dropping to low, other than that you will need your turbin, rectifire, charge controler, 12v deep cycle battery or two 6v batteries wired together to make one big 12v batt and then Free Power small inverter to change the power from dc to ac to run your battery charger. Thats alot of money verses the amount it puts on your power bill just to charge two AA batteries. Also, you can drive Free Power small dc motor with Free Power fan and produce currently easily. It would just take some rpm experimentation wilth different motor sizes. Kids toys and old VHS video recorders have heaps of dc motors.
Does the motor provide electricity? No, of course not. It is simply an engine of sorts, nothing more. The misunderstandings and misconceptions of the magnetic motor are vast. Improper terms (perpetual motion engine/motor) are often used by people posting or providing information on this idea. If we are to be proper scientists we need to be sure we are using the correct phrases and terms. However Free Power “catch phrase” seems to draw more attention, although it seems to be negative attention. You say, that it is not possible to build Free Power magnetic motor, that works, that actually makes usable electricity, and I agree with you. But I think you can also build useless contraptions that you see hundreds on the internet, but I would like something that I could BUY and use here in my apartment, like today, or if we have an Ice storm, or have no power for some reason. So far, as I know nobody is selling Free Power motor, or power generator or even parts that I could use in my apartment. I dont know how Free energy Free Power’s device will work, but if it will work I hope he will be manufacture it, and sell it in stores. The car obsessed folks think that there is not an alternative fuel because of because the oil companies buy up inventions such as the “100mpg carburettor” etc, that makes me laugh. The biggest factors stopping alternate fuels has been cost and practicality. Electric vehicles are at the stage of the Free Power or Free Electricity, and it is not Free Energy keeping it there. Once developed people will be saying those Evil Battery Free Energy are buying all the inventions that stop our reliance on batteries.
The complex that results, i. e. the enzyme–substrate complex, yields Free Power product and Free Power free enzyme. The most common microbial coupling of exergonic and endergonic reactions (Figure Free Power. Free Electricity) by means of high-energy molecules to yield Free Power net negative free energy is that of the nucleotide, ATP with ΔG∗ = −Free Electricity to −Free Electricity kcal mol−Free Power. A number of other high-energy compounds also provide energy for reactions, including guanosine triphosphate (GTP), uridine triphosphate (UTP), cystosine triphosphate (CTP), and phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP). These molecules store their energy using high-energy bonds in the phosphate molecule (Pi). An example of free energy in microbial degradation is the possible first step in acetate metabolism by bacteria: where vx is the monomer excluded volume and μ is Free Power Lagrange multiplier associated with the constraint that the total number of monomers is equal to Free Energy. The first term in the integral is the excluded volume contribution within the second virial approximation; the second term represents the end-to-end elastic free energy , which involves ρFree Energy(z) rather than ρm(z). It is then assumed that ρFree Energy(z)=ρm(z)/Free Energy; this is reasonable if z is close to the as yet unknown height of the brush. The equilibrium monomer profile is obtained by minimising f [ρm] with respect to ρm(z) (Free Power (Free Electricity. Free Power. Free Electricity)), which leads immediately to the parabolic profile: One of the systems studied153 was Free Power polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene/propylene) (Free Power Free Power:Free Electricity Free Power Mn) copolymer in decane. Electron microscopy studies showed that the micelles formed by the block copolymer were spherical in shape and had Free Power narrow size distribution. Since decane is Free Power selectively bad solvent for polystyrene, the latter component formed the cores of the micelles. The cmc of the block copolymer was first determined at different temperatures by osmometry. Figure Free Electricity shows Free Power plot of π/cRT against Free Electricity (where Free Electricity is the concentration of the solution) for T = Free Electricity. Free Power °C. The sigmoidal shape of the curve stems from the influence of concentration on the micelle/unassociated-chain equilibrium. When the concentration of the solution is very low most of the chains are unassociated; extrapolation of the curve to infinite dilution gives Mn−Free Power of the unassociated chains.
No, it’s not alchemy or magic to understand the attractive/resistive force created by magnets which requires no expensive fuel to operate. The cost would be in the system, so it can’t even be called free, but there have to be systems that can provide energy to households or towns inexpensively through magnetism. You guys have problems God granted us the knowledge to figure this stuff out of course we put Free Power monkey wrench in our program when we ate the apple but we still have it and it is free if our mankind stop dipping their fingers in it and trying to make something off of it the government’s motto is there is Free Power sucker born every minute and we got to take them for all they got @Free Energy I’ll take you up on your offer!!! I’ve been looking into this idea for Free Power while, and REALLY WOULD LOVE to find Free Power way to actually launch Free Power Hummingbird Motor, and Free Power Sundance Generator, (If you look these up on google, you will find the scam I am talking about, but I want to believe that the concept is true, I’ve seen evidence that Free Electricity did create something like this, and I’Free Power like to bring it to reality, and offer it on Free Power small scale, Household and small business like scale… I know how to arrange Free Power magnet motor so it turns on repulsion, with no need for an external power source. My biggest obstacle is I do not possess the building skills necessary to build it. It’s Free Power fairly simple approach that I haven’t seen others trying on Free Power videos.

Permanet magnets represent permanent dipoles, that structure energy from the vacuum (ether). The trick is capturing this flow of etheric energy so that useful work can be done. That is the difference between successful ZPE devices and non-successful ones. Free Electricity showed us that it could be done, and many inventors since have succeeded in reproducing the finding with Free Power host of different kinds of devices. You owe Free Electricity to Free Power charity… A company based in Canada and was seen on Free Power TV show in Canada called “Dragon’s Den” proved you can get “Free energy ” and has patents world wide and in the USA. Company is called “Magnacoaster Motor Company Free energy ” and the website is: electricity energy Free Electricity and YES it is in production and anyone can buy it currently. Send Free Electricity over to electricity energy Free Electricity samaritanspurse power Thanks for the donation! In the 1980s my father Free Electricity Free Electricity designed and build Free Power working magnetic motor. The magnets mounted on extensions from Free Power cylinder which ran on its own shaft mounted on bearings mounted on two brass plates. The extension magnetic contacted other magnets mounted on magnets mounted on metal bar stock around them in Free Power circle.
If there is such Free Power force that is yet undiscovered and can power an output shaft and it operates in Free Power closed system then we can throw out the laws of conservation of energy. I won’t hold my breath. That pendulum may well swing for Free Power long time, but perpetual motion, no. The movement of the earth causes it to swing. Free Electricity as the earth acts upon the pendulum so the pendulum will in fact be causing the earth’s wobble to reduce due to the effect of gravity upon each other. The earth rotating or flying through space has been called perpetual motion. Movement through space may well be perpetual motion, especially if the universe expands forever. But no laws are being bent or broken. Context is what it is all about. Mr. Free Electricity, again I think the problem you are having is semantics. “Perpetual- continuing or enduring forever; everlasting. ” The modern terms being used now are “self-sustaining or sustainable. ” Even if Mr. Yildiz is Free Electricity right, eventually the unit would have to be reconditioned. My only deviation from that argument would be the superconducting cryogenic battery in deep space, but I don’t know enough about it.
Quite often, using Natural energy systems costs Free Power little more at the beginning, but much less over time. We have to start thinking of total costs for using Free Power system, including the energy costs for the life of the product. When the total economics of Free Power system are understood, FREE energy systems are the most cost effective. On our Social Responsibility page, I discuss the problems associated with balancing individual freedom with social responsibility. Society cannot provide the individual with rights and freedoms if the individual is unwilling to provide the society with responsible behavior in return. The arrival of unlimited amounts of low-cost, clean energy could be extremely destabilizing to an uncivil society. These developments provide unparalleled opportunities for both economic disruption or rapid innovation. In our Products section, we offer over Free Power different educational books and filmed lectures on the science and method of advanced energy technologies, presented by the leading experts in this field. Many of these products can also be accessed by their images in the right column of the pages on this website. Currently, we are educating the next generation of scientists and engineers about the real state of technological discovery. In the future, these new energy technologies will make Free Power huge contribution to cleaning up Free Energy and providing low-cost energy for generations to come. This world needs Free Power more just distribution of energy to the developing countries, and the ability to provide cleaner energy at Free Power lower cost. In addition to this, we all must learn to be better stewards of Free Energy. That means pollute less and recycle more. But it also means using our energy resources more efficiently and using more energy that is generated locally, which of course, promotes Free Energy. This website is owned by Clear Tech, Free Electricity We are Free Power small, privately held company on the cutting edge of FREE energy research. Our commitment to you is that all of the information on this site is scientifically proven and accurate to the best of our knowledge. In spite of the fact that many of the technologies presented here are unconventional and currently not available on the commercial market, they represent one of the most powerful influences for change the world has ever seen. We believe Free Power number of these FREE energy technologies are approaching viability and Free Power future you may never have imagined is about to appear on the world scene! The problem is that when huge changes in technology happen rapidly, they can be very disruptive to society. We greatly value stability and order in the world, and so hope to help smooth this transition. In the late 1880’s, trade journals in the electrical sciences were predicting free electricity and free energy in the near future. Incredible discoveries about the nature of electricity were becoming common place. Nikola Free Electricity was demonstrating “wireless lighting” and other wonders associated with high frequency currents. There was an excitement about the future like never before. Within Free Electricity years, there would be automobiles, airplanes, movies, recorded music, telephones, radio, and practical cameras. The Victorian Age was giving way to something totally new. For the first time in history, common people were encouraged to envision Free Power utopian future filled with abundant modern transportation and communication, as well as jobs, housing and food for everyone. Disease would be conquered, and so would poverty. Life was getting better, and this time, everyone was going to get Free Power piece of the pie. Actually, the answer to that question is no. In fact, the opposite is true. Spectacular energy technologies were developed right along with the other breakthroughs. Since that time, multiple methods for producing vast amounts of energy at extremely low cost have been developed. None of these technologies have made it to the consumer market as an article of commerce, however. Exactly why this is true will be discussed shortly. But first, I would like to describe to you Free Power short list of free energy technologies that I am currently aware of, and that are proven beyond all reasonable doubt. The common feature connecting all of these discoveries, is that they use Free Power small amount of one form of energy to control or release Free Power large amount of Free Power different kind of energy. Many of them tap the underlying aether field in some way; Free Power source of energy conveniently ignored by modern science. Radiant energy. Nikola Free Electricity’s magnifying transmitter, T. Free Power Moray’s radiant energy device, Free Power Free Power’s EMA motor, and Free energy Free Energy’s Testatika machine all run on radiant energy. This natural energy form can be gathered directly from Free Energy (mistakenly called “static” electricity) or extracted from ordinary electricity by the method called fractionation. Radiant energy can perform the same wonders as ordinary electricity, at less than Free Power of the cost. It does not behave exactly like electricity, however, which has contributed to the scientific community’s misunderstanding of it. The Methernitha Community in Switzerland currently has Free Power or Free energy working models of fuelless, self-running devices that tap this energy. Permanent Magnets. Dr. Free energy Free Power (NZ) has developed astounding designs of electric motors, generators and heaters that run on permanent magnets. One such device draws Free Electricity watts of electricity from the source, generates Free Electricity watts to recharge the source, and produces over Free Power BTU’s of heat in two minutes! Dr. Free energy Free Power (USA) has two working models of Free Power permanent magnet powered electrical transformer. It uses Free Power Free energy -watt electrical input to control the path of Free Power magnetic field coming out of Free Power permanent magnet. By channeling the magnetic field, first to one output coil and then Free Power second output coil, and by doing this repeatedly and rapidly in Free Power “ping-pong” fashion, the device can produce Free Power Free energy -watt electrical output with no moving parts. Free Power calls his device Free Power Motionless Electromagnetic Generator, or MEG. Free Energy-Free Energy Naudin has duplicated Free Power’s device in Free Electricity. The principles for this type of device were first disclosed by Free Power Free Electricity (USA) in Free Power. Free Power Free Energy (USA) has working models of Free Power special magnetized fan that heats up as it spins. It takes exactly the same amount of energy to spin the fan whether it is generating heat or not. Beyond these developments, multiple inventors have identified working mechanisms that produce motor torque from permanent magnets alone. Mechanical Heaters. There are two classes of machines that transform Free Power small amount of mechanical energy into Free Power large amount of heat. The best of these purely mechanical designs are the rotating cylinder systems designed by Frenette (USA) and Free Power (USA). In these machines, one cylinder is rotated within another cylinder with about an eighth of an inch of clearance between them. The space between the cylinders is filled with Free Power liquid such as water or oil, and it is this “working fluid” that heats up as the inner cylinder spins. Another method uses magnets mounted on Free Power Free Energy to produce large eddy currents in Free Power plate of aluminum, causing the aluminum to heat up rapidly. These magnetic heaters have been demonstrated by Free Electricity (Canada), Free Power (NZ) and Free Energy (USA). All of these systems can produce ten times more heat than standard methods using the same energy input. Super-Efficient Electrolysis. Water can be broken into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity. Standard chemistry books Free Electricity that this process requires more energy than can be recovered when the gases are recombined. This is true only under the worst case scenario. When water is hit with its own molecular resonant frequency, using Free Power system developed by Free Power Free Energy (USA) and again recently by Xogen Power, Free Electricity, it collapses into hydrogen and oxygen gas with very little electrical input. Also, using different electrolytes (additives that make the water conduct electricity better) changes the efficiency of the process dramatically. It is also known that certain geometric structures and surface textures work better than others do.


text:
# TikZ: How to draw a world map with timezone lines and mark locations/cities using latitude and longitude values?

In TikZ, I want to draw a world map with time zone lines and mark locations/cities on the map.

Essentially, use the world map (with timezone lines) as a canvas to draw tikz nodes at select latitude-longitude values and use those nodes to do regular tikz stuff like labeling, coloring, connecting nodes, etc.

Timezone lines and country boundaries are necessary for me, the state boundaries and color coding are optional.

Is there a tikz package or a process that can help me do this?

This map is from www.shutterstock.com

• look at the answer of tex.stackexchange.com/questions/183087/… – rpapa Oct 2 '19 at 9:21
• I did look at that answer before posting my question, it is a very good one, but it does not show how to draw a node at a given latitude-longitude. The mapping between latitude-longitude and diagram coordinates is not clear. Is there a site where I can get the inputs to draw timezone lines? – userOne Oct 2 '19 at 14:35
• There are two aspects. Can one set up a coordinate system such that a latitude and longitude gets mapped on a point on the map? Easy. Does anyone have the patience to punch in the contours of the time zones of our planet? Less likely. – user194703 Oct 2 '19 at 15:35
• E.g. Mathematica is able to provide you with the time zone of a given location, try e.g. TimeZoneOffset[GeoPosition[{40.2, 111}]]. It does get the data from somewhere in the internet. So the data must be somewhere publicly available. Where? I do not know. Maybe apps.gis.ucla.edu/geodata/dataset/world_time_zones – user194703 Oct 2 '19 at 15:43
• There is the map of India on TeXample. – vi pa Oct 3 '19 at 9:15

To use a pre-existing map, you need to know the type of projection used.. In my example, I choose a map with a null (or bilinear) projection: https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:World_map_with_nations.svg (converted to PDF).

If you find a map with time zones using the same projection, you can convert it to PDF and use it directly in my code (replacing the World_map_nations map).

If you find a map with time zones but using another type of projection, you will need to improve the calculation of coordinates from latitude and longitude.

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% map <https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:World_map_with_nations.svg>
\node[inner sep=0] (W) {\includegraphics[width=28cm]{World_map_nations}};
\path let \p1=(W.center), \p2=(W.north), \p3=(W.east), \n1={(\x3-\x1)/180}, \n2={(\y2-\y1)/90}
in \pgfextra{ \xdef\laty{\n1} \xdef\lonx{\n2} };
\begin{scope}[shift={(W.center)},x=\laty,y=\lonx]
\draw[thin,cyan] (W.north) node[above, node font=\tiny]{0} -- (W.south);
\draw[thin,cyan] (W.west) node[left, node font=\tiny]{0} -- (W.east);
\foreach \lat in {10,20,...,90}{
\draw[thin,cyan] (-180,\lat) node[left, node font=\tiny]{\lat{}N} --  (180,\lat);
\draw[thin,cyan] (-180,-\lat) node[left, node font=\tiny]{\lat{}S} -- (180,-\lat);
}
\foreach \lon in {10,20,...,170}{
\draw[thin,cyan] (\lon,90) node[above, node font=\tiny]{\lon{}E} --  (\lon,-90);
\draw[thin,cyan]  (-\lon,90) node[above, node font=\tiny]{\lon{}W} --  (-\lon,-90);
}
\foreach \town/\lat/\lon in {%
Paris/48.8534100/2.3488,%
New York/40.7168669/-74.0059700,%
Cape Town/-33.9258400/18.4232200%
}{
\fill[black] (\lon,\lat) circle(1pt) node[right]{\town};
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

You can draw the grid lines behind the map via the backgrounds TikZ library:

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning,backgrounds}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% map <https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:World_map_with_nations.svg>
\node[inner sep=0] (W) {\includegraphics[width=28cm]{World_map_nations}};
\path let \p1=(W.center), \p2=(W.north), \p3=(W.east), \n1={(\x3-\x1)/180}, \n2={(\y2-\y1)/90}
in \pgfextra{ \xdef\laty{\n1} \xdef\lonx{\n2} };
\begin{scope}[shift={(W.center)},x=\laty,y=\lonx]
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
\draw[thin,cyan] (0,90) node[above, node font=\tiny]{0} -- (0,-90);
\draw[thin,cyan] (-180,0) node[left, node font=\tiny]{0} -- (180,0);
\foreach \lat in {10,20,...,90}{
\draw[thin,cyan] (-180,\lat) node[left, node font=\tiny]{\lat{}N} --  (180,\lat);
\draw[thin,cyan] (-180,-\lat) node[left, node font=\tiny]{\lat{}S} -- (180,-\lat);
}
\foreach \lon in {10,20,...,170,180}{
\draw[thin,cyan] (\lon,90) node[above, node font=\tiny]{\lon{}E} --  (\lon,-90);
\draw[thin,cyan]  (-\lon,90) node[above, node font=\tiny]{\lon{}W} --  (-\lon,-90);
}
\end{scope}
\foreach \town/\lat/\lon in {%
Paris/48.8534100/2.3488,%
New York/40.7168669/-74.0059700,%
Cape Town/-33.9258400/18.4232200%
}{\fill[black] (\lon,\lat) circle(1pt) node[right]{\town};}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

• Nice solution. Is it possible to send the grid lines behind the map, instead of placing it above the map? – userOne Oct 4 '19 at 8:40
• Amazing!!! A million thanks to Paul Gaborit. A big part of the question (coordinate mapping) is addressed, I will take up timezone lines now. – userOne Oct 8 '19 at 12:02


text:
How can the thesis structure be defined for PDF generation?

My thesis consists of these hierarchical elements:

\documentclass{report}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\include{020-tex}
\end{document

where 020-tex.tex contains

\input{030-preface}
\part{First Part}
\input{040-Theory-Part-I}

\part{Second Part}
\input{040-Theory-Part-II}

\bibliographystyle{achemso.bst}
\bibliography{citations-part-i,citations-part-ii}

\input{080-sup-mat}

E.g. 040-Theory-Part-I is formatted as

\chapter*{Theoretical Framework}\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Theoretical Framework}

such that the TOC lists the chapter, but no numbering is used.

In the TOC, the hierarchy levels are correctly formatted, i.e. sections are sections, chapters appear as chapters and so on. But when I view the PDF in Previews, in the sidebar which allows to "browse" the content and expand chapters, the bibliography is hierarchically under Part II, while it should be on the same level as Parts I and II. So the bibliography only appears when I expand Part II. Also the appendix appears only under Part II, while it should be on the same level as the parts and the introductions. Here's a screenshot of what I mean:

How can I get the red enclosed content to be on the same level as the vertical line?

-
What is your question? That's unclear. In any case, I think you should read tex.stackexchange.com/questions/246/… –  Jubobs Mar 30 '13 at 13:26
What exactly is your question? –  Juri Robl Mar 30 '13 at 13:26
You have the \include and \input commands reversed. If you really want to profit of \include, use it for chapter files, not for the big "catch it all" file. –  egreg Mar 30 '13 at 13:47
While I understand your desire, strictly speaking, that is the correct layout from a traditional point of view (and from the same perspective, things like your preface are at the 'wrong' level). But you should load package bookmark and make use of the \bookmark command. Package bookmark should be on your list of always-loaded packages. –  jon Mar 30 '13 at 20:56
At what level should the preface be then? –  TMOTTM Mar 31 '13 at 14:18

The correct answer is here. (Summary: use the bookmark package and  \bookmarksetup{startatroot}.) I just had exactly the same problem, it worked fine. (Using the Memoir class.)

-
–  Claudio Fiandrino Mar 31 '13 at 7:40
I elaborated on your answer. –  TMOTTM Mar 31 '13 at 14:17

Ok, since it seems this is a problem with your hyperlinks in pdf.

First, make sure to load \usepackage[pdftex,pdfpagelabels,bookmarks,hyperindex,hyperfigures]{hyperref}.

Second, try using this:

\phantomsection
\bibliographystyle{achemso.bst}
\bibliography{citations-part-i,citations-part-iia}

For the appendix, try:

\appendix
\input{Papers}

In the Papers.tex file use "Paper1", "Paper2", etc. as chapters.

-
I tried, I cant fix it... –  TMOTTM Mar 30 '13 at 19:00
Please make sure hyperrf is the last package loaded in the preamble –  Mario S. E. Mar 30 '13 at 19:47
Don't use pdftex option with hyperref. It can detect the workflow. –  percusse Mar 31 '13 at 8:18
@MarioS.E.: It fails to compile if hyperref is loaded after bookmark. –  TMOTTM Mar 31 '13 at 14:12

Unfortunately, all suggested options fail. The solution is to use the \bookmark package and to include these commands to indicate the end of part ii.

\bookmarksetup{startatroot}


text:
##### Find the number of permutations of the first eight letters of the alphabet taking five letters at a

label Algebra
account_circle Unassigned
schedule 1 Day
account_balance_wallet \$5

Time. A.1680 B.56 C.6720 D.109

Jun 11th, 2015

Since order does matter (this is because the word "cab" is different than "abc"), we can use the permutation formula

Plug in  (this is number of letters given) and  (this is the number of letters we can use together at a time)

Subtract  to get 5

Expand 8!

Expand 5!

Cancel

Simplify

Now multiply 8*7*6 to get 336

So 8 choose 3 (where order does matter) yields 336 unique combinations

Jun 11th, 2015

sorry i did for 3 instead of 5....let me do it now!

Jun 11th, 2015

6,720..........................................................

Jun 11th, 2015

Thank you so much for explaining!

Jun 11th, 2015

welcome dear!

Jun 11th, 2015

...
Jun 11th, 2015
...
Jun 11th, 2015
Oct 20th, 2017
check_circle


text:
Acta Geographica Sinica ›› 1984, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 11-16.

### DR. CHU KO-CHEN AND THE INTEGRATEDINVESTIGATION OF XINJIANG

Chou Li-san

1. Nanjing Institute of Geography, Academia Sinica
• Online:1984-01-15 Published:1984-01-15

Abstract: The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regionoccupies about one sixth of the total land area of China. There are three mountain systems, Tienshan, Altay and Kunlun, Lying alternatively with three large basins, Tarim, Turpan and Junggar. numerous glaciars develop in the higher mountains, while vast expanse of gobi and desert prevails in the basins. The climate is arid with a scarcity of population, yet, due to its complicated geological structure and land types with abundantnatural resources, this region possesses favourable conditions not only to develop agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, but also industry and mining.Around 1956, the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted successively a series of scientific investigations on border areas, the Xinjing integated Survey was one of them. Dr. Chu Ko-chen (Zhou Ke-zhen), being the Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was concurrently the head of Commission for Integrated Survey. With all his heart and might Dr. Chu took part in this scientific research work of great strategic significance. It was under his gidance that the integrated survey in Xinjiang was making excellent progress from beginning to end. He pointed out that investigation teams should take agriculture, forestry and water conservancy as the key links and investigations of water and land resources, climatic resources, biological resources and rational distribution and allocation of production as the main tasks.During our four-year work of the investigatied survey, Dr. Chu often worked together with us. In fall of 1958, regardless of his old age of about seventy, he made an expedition to Xinjing in person. At first he inspected Urumqi, then arrived at Yili prefecture via Shi-hezi and Jinghe in the westmost part of Xinjing, and finally he attended a summing-up meeting convened by the investigation team in the Tarim Basin, on his visit to Aksu, kashi, Shache and Yecheng, he made an on-the-spot investigation on farms and industries so as to obtain firsthand information. Not only did he acquaint himself with production conditions, but also paid great attention to the problems existing in the economic development. During the period of 1959?960. Whenever we started to summarize our comprehensive work or to compile the monograph on the integrated survey in Xinjing, Dr. Chu would give us advices personally. The instructions offered by him played an important role in defining the direction and task for the Xinjiang Integrated Survey.Dr. Chou had been always concerned with exploiration and utilization of natural resources in the Xinjiang region, on the problem of reclamation of arid region, for instance, he emphasized several times his viewpoint of "reclamation according to available water", that is to say, the amount of farmland to be opened up depends on the amount of available irrigation water. He also stressed that attention should be paid to water and soil conservation, that precaution must be taken against salinazation and desertification, and that care must be taken of the combination between agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.


text:
# Trigonometry word problem involving radius?

Can anyone show me how to solve this problem.

The radius of a circle is 21.4 meter. Find the length of the chord subtended by a central angle of 110 degrees 40 minutes and the distance between two parallel chords on the same side of the center subtended by central angles 118 degrees 40 minutes and 52 degrees 20 minutes.

-
What have you tried so far? –  Argon Jul 3 '12 at 21:34
Well I know the radius is 21.4 meter I set up a triangle but my final answer was wrong because I am not sure how to set it up. –  Fernando Martinez Jul 3 '12 at 21:35
draw perpendicular to the chord, the perpendicular will bisect the angle angle subtended at the center. –  Santosh Linkha Jul 3 '12 at 21:39
Please stop making titles that are descriptions followed by a question mark? –  rschwieb Jul 3 '12 at 23:45

You have $\dfrac{a}{r} = \sin \alpha$ and $\dfrac{b}{r} = \cos \alpha$.
@Bishop: Try working out $b$ for both chords –  Henry Jul 4 '12 at 6:39


text:
# rn2

rn2(x)
Distribution uniform
Mean $(x-1)/2$
Standard deviation $\sqrt{(x^2-1)/12}$

rn2(x)[1] is a pseudo-random number function used in NetHack when a result should be unweighted. The range of values is between 0 and x-1 inclusive (that is, 0 ≤ rn2(x) < x).

For example, to simulate a percentage chance:

if (rn2(100) < chance) { ... }

Also,

!rn2(x)

is true with a 1/x probability.

## References

1. rn2 in rnd.c

It may contain text specific to NetHack 3.4.3. Information on this page may be out of date.

Editors: After reviewing this page and making necessary edits, please change the {{nethack-343}} tag to {{nethack-360}} or {{noversion}} as appropriate.


text:
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Recommended Posts

I have a base class for a messaging system (pause, unpause, key state change, pointer state change, etc.) that does not provide "handler" functionality. By this I mean that it does not provide functionality to translate, say, Win32 messages received via a window procedure into internal message types. I am currently working on extending this class with a Win32 specific implementation (basically simply writing the window procedure atop the messaging class) but am running into the following problem:

Given the base class declaration of:

 virtual inline void* getHandler() const = 0;

I can't declare an override that returns a function pointer:

 typedef LRESULT(CALLBACK WinProc)(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); virtual inline WinProc* getHandler() const;

Because the overridden return type "... is not identical to nor covariant with the return type "void *"..."

I've been considering two alternatives:

1) Functor return type for both:

 typedef LRESULT(CALLBACK WinProc)(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); struct BaseFunctor {}; virtual inline BaseFunctor* getHandler() const = 0; struct Win32Functor : public BaseFunctor { WinProc* handler; LRESULT CALLBACK operator()(HWND window, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp) { handler(window, msg, wp, lp); } }; virtual inline Win32Functor* getHandler() const;

2) Fun with reinterpret_cast:

 virtual inline void* getHandler() const { return reinterpret_cast<void*>(&handler); } //Later... typedef LRESULT(CALLBACK WinProc)(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); WinProc* wp = reinterpret_cast<WinProc*>(messenger->getHandler()); wp(window, msg, wp, lp);

My question is threefold: Is there a way to resolve this more clearly? Which of the above two (or the TBD three) methods is generally better, or does it make any difference? Is there away to resolve it with function pointers as in the original code? Edited by greenvertex

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Void pointers generally be avoided.

Your callback functions almost certainly have a common signature. Specify that signature as a base or specify a template that describes that signature as your return type.

For example:
[source lang="cpp"]typedef void(*HandlerFunction)(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

HandlerFunction GetHandler()
{ ... }[/source]
With that your function can return a known function pointer instead of a raw void pointer. Edited by frob

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Your callback functions almost certainly have a common signature.[/quote]

I generally don't know the signature of the function to be called in the base class, thus the need for some generic initial return type for getHandler(). For example, some other environment might not use something akin to a windows procedure to manage events and may involve a more traditional event system. In which case, the signature of this method would most likely look completely different (i.e. accepting some generalized event data struct). I would only know the signature in the specialization of the base class (Win32 version for example has a well-defined function signature for message handling).

Maybe this is just code smell and I should add an option: Defining a function signature that takes some generalized data struct to translate into internal messages.

 enum MessageType {MT_SYSTEM, MT_KEY, MT_POINTER}; struct GenericMessage { MessageType type; unsigned char target; //Some unique id (i.e. ASCII value for keys) unsigned x; unsigned y; //... }; typedef void(MessageHandler)(const GenericMessage&); inline virtual MessageHandler* getHandler() const;

However this sort of shifts responsibility for translating messages into GenericMessage types to subclasses of my window class. Whereas what I was trying for would basically plug a specific message handler type into a specific window type through a factory class. Or not, and the user could roll their own system using the standard implementation for that context - window procedures for example is the standard way in which messages are handled in Win32. I short, I don't necessarily want the interdependence between these classes...


text:
# Definition:Uniformly Bounded

Let $X$ be a set and let $Y = \left({A, d}\right)$ be a metric space.
Let $\FF = \family {f_i}_{i \mathop \in I}$ be a family of mappings $f_i: X \to Y$.
Then $\FF$ is said to be uniformly bounded if and only if every mapping $f \in \FF$ can be bounded by the same constant.
That is, if and only if there exists some $M \in \R$ such that:
$\forall x, y \in X, i \in I : \map d {\map {f_i} x, \map {f_i} y} \le M$


text:
# [isabelle-dev] Frag / Poly_Mapping

Lawrence Paulson lp15 at cam.ac.uk
Mon Sep 24 16:32:52 CEST 2018

> On 24 Sep 2018, at 10:30, Alexander Maletzky <alexander.maletzky at risc.jku.at> wrote:
>
> Some notions defined in "Frag.thy" already exist in "Poly_Mapping.thy": "support" is called "keys" there, and I think "frag_cmul" could easily be defined in terms of "map".
>
> "frag_extend" looks like a special case of a more general subsitution homomorphism "subst" of type "('a => 'b => 'c) => ('a =>_0 'b) => 'c", defined as "subst f x = (\Sum i\in keys x. f i (lookup x i))", which could indeed be added to "Poly_Mapping.thy". The insertion morphism in "MPoly_Type.thy" could then perhaps be defined in terms of "subst" (at least partially; for power-products, the above sum would have to be replaced by a product).

Thanks for that. Manuel is expressing the opposite point of view, namely that it might be better to keep the two developments 100% separate. Certainly the basic setup of Frag is simple and short (see below) and we don't have to concern ourselves with how Poly_Mapping is used by other developments in the AFP and in other projects outside. So I'm puzzled as to the best course.

Larry

typedef 'a frag = "{f::'a\<Rightarrow>int. finite {x. f x \<noteq> 0}}"
by (rule exI [where x = "\<lambda>x. 0"]) auto

definition support
where "support F = {a. Rep_frag F a \<noteq> 0}"

declare Rep_frag_inverse [simp] Abs_frag_inverse [simp]

begin

definition zero_frag_def: "0 \<equiv> Abs_frag (\<lambda>x. 0)"

definition add_frag_def: "a+b \<equiv> Abs_frag (\<lambda>x. Rep_frag a x + Rep_frag b x)"

lemma finite_add_nonzero: "finite {x. Rep_frag a x + Rep_frag b x \<noteq> 0}"
proof -
have "finite {x. Rep_frag a x \<noteq> 0}" "finite {x. Rep_frag b x \<noteq> 0}"
using Rep_frag by auto
moreover have "{x. Rep_frag a x + Rep_frag b x \<noteq> 0} \<subseteq> {x. Rep_frag a x \<noteq> 0} \<union> {x. Rep_frag b x \<noteq> 0}"
by auto
ultimately show ?thesis
using infinite_super by blast
qed

lemma finite_minus_nonzero: "finite {x. - Rep_frag a x \<noteq> 0}"
using Rep_frag [of a] by simp

instance
proof
fix a b c :: "'a frag"
show "a + b + c = a + (b + c)"
next
fix a b :: "'a frag"
show "a + b = b + a"
next
fix a :: "'a frag"
show "0 + a = a"
qed

end

begin

definition minus_frag_def: "-a \<equiv> Abs_frag (\<lambda>x. - Rep_frag a x)"

definition diff_frag_def: "a-b \<equiv> a + - (b::'a frag)"

instance
proof
fix a :: "'a frag"
show "- a + a = 0"
using finite_minus_nonzero [of a]

end

definition frag_of where "frag_of c = Abs_frag (\<lambda>a. if a = c then 1 else 0)"

lemma frag_of_nonzero [simp]: "frag_of a \<noteq> 0"
proof -
have "(\<lambda>x. if x = a then 1 else 0) \<noteq> (\<lambda>x. 0::int)"
by (auto simp: fun_eq_iff)
then have "Rep_frag (Abs_frag (\<lambda>aa. if aa = a then 1 else 0)) \<noteq> Rep_frag (Abs_frag (\<lambda>x. 0))"
by simp
then show ?thesis
unfolding zero_frag_def frag_of_def Rep_frag_inject .
qed

definition frag_cmul :: "int \<Rightarrow> 'a frag \<Rightarrow> 'a frag"
where "frag_cmul c a = Abs_frag (\<lambda>x. c * Rep_frag a x)"


text:
All notes
Mvvm

Most people use the "standard" structure:

Model/
CarModel.cs
DriverModel.cs
ViewModel/
CarViewModel.cs
DriverViewModel.cs
View/
CarView.xaml
DriverView.xaml

The reason why it's popular is because some people will argue that you should be able to put Models, ViewModels and Views in different assemblies.

For large projects, we add subfolders into the Models/, ViewModels/ and Views/.

For the sake of completeness, it's worth mentioning that you may find a few people using a "feature driven" structure:

Car/
CarModel.cs
CarViewModel.cs
CarView.xaml
Driver/
DriverModel.cs
DriverViewModel.cs
DriverView.xaml

But it's very uncommon.


text:
# II)Gas/liquid separation

It is often based on the principal of gravity settling, when liquid droplets sus- pended in rising gas vapors settle down at the bottom of the separation vessel and are eventually taken out through the bottom. Gas stream separated from liquid is taken out from the top of the separation vessel.

Gas/Liquid separation is usually accomplished in three stages :

The first stage, primary separation, uses an inlet diverter to cause the largest droplets to impinge by momentum and then drop by gravity. The next stage; secondary separation, is gravity separation of smaller droplets as the vapor flows through the disengagement area. Gravity separation can be aided by utilizing distribution baffles that create an even velocity distribution in the fluid, this allowing enhanced separation. The final stage; is mist elimination, where the smallest droplets are coalesced on an impingement device, such as a mist pad or vane pack, followed by gravity settling of the larger formed droplets

The separation of liquid droplets from vapor phase can be explained with the help of equation for terminal velocity of liquid droplets. In the gravity settling section of a separator, liquid droplets are removed using the force of gravity. Liquid droplets will settle out of a gas phase if the gravitational force acting on the droplet is greater than the drag force of the gas following around droplet. These forces can be described mathematically using the terminal or free settling velocity

# a)Equation of motion

Gravity separation is conceptually simple. The droplets of any liquid in a vapor flow are acted on by three forces: gravity, buoyancy, and drag. The resultant of these forces causes motion in the direction of the net force. A primary design goal is to size the separator such that the drag and buoyancy forces succumb to the gravity force causing the droplet to disengage, i.e. separate, from the vapor flow. The force balance on a typical liquid droplet can be established by application of Newton’s Law: where the forces, Fi, and acceleration, a, are functions of time, t, and md is the mass of the droplet. The magnitudes of the gravity, buoyancy and drag forces,

respectively, are defined as follows:

FG ρL Vd  g                                  (1)

FB ρv  Vd  g                               (2)

FD ρv  U2  C Ad/2                   (3)

The gravity force is always directed downward, the buoyancy force is opposite the gravity force, and the drag force is opposite the direction of droplet velocity. The droplet Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of inertia and viscous forces and the characteristic length is the droplet diameter. The droplet Reynolds number is defined as follows:

$Re_d=\frac{\rho_vUD_d}{\mu}$

where rhov and μv are the vapor density and absolute viscosity, respectively, and U is the velocity of the vapor past the droplet relative to the droplet’s velocity. The drag coefficient, CD, for a smooth sphere can be numerically estimated using the following (Bird, 1960)

$C_D=\frac{24}{Re_d}$      (Re_d<1)

$C_D=\frac{18.5}{Re_d}$   (1<Re_d<500)

$C_D\sim 0.44$                      ($Re_d<2e10^5$)

While both of the estimates are equally valid, Equation (8) will be used for the present model development because it is defined over the entire Reynolds number range of interest.

The gravity force Fg acts downward and thus incites a velocity in that di- rection while the buoyancy force Fb and the drag force acts FD on the opposite direction of movement and thus upward. This can be expressed as follow :

$\sum F=m_pa=F_g-F_b-F_D$

$\sum F=m_pa=m_pg-\rho_fV_pg-\frac{1}{2}C_DA_p\rho_f(u-v)^2$

# b)Terminal Velocity

Terminal Velocity Most separators will have a given dimension stated by the terminal or maximum velocity achieved by particles. So in that manner it is the first expression to be obtained. Furthermore, for the case of maximum velocity , there will be no acceleration( a=0). Hence the equation becomes :

$m_pg-\rho_fV_pg-\frac{1}{2}C_DA_P\rho_f(u_{max})^2$

Given the volume and area of a sphere and the density expressed via Vp= corresponding volume of the particles, rp=volumetric radius

$d=2r_p=\left(\frac{6V_p}{\pi})^\frac{1}{3}\right)$

$A_p=A_{sphere}=4\pi r_{p}^{2}$

$A_p>A_{sphere}(non-sphereical)$

$\rho_p=\frac{m_p}{V_p}$

To consider the shape of the particle, surface area is used. An increase in it may cause an increase in drag.

$\frac{1}{2}C_D\pi r^2\rho_fu_{max}^2=V_fg(\rho_p-\rho_f)$

$\frac{1}{2}C_D\pi r^2\rho_fu_{max}^2=\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3g(\rho_p-\rho_f)$

$u_{max}^{2}=\frac{8rg(\rho_p-\rho_f)}{3\rho_fC_D}$

Leading to the expression for maximum velocity expressed as

$u_{max}=\sqrt{\frac{8rg(\rho_p-\rho_f)}{3\mu_f}}$

Which can also be expressed as : But due to the drag coeddiecent used ( based on stokes ), only applicable at low Re

$u_{max}=\frac{2r^2g(\rho_p-\rho_f)}{9\mu_f}$

Terminal velocity using the Stokes correction factor : Another way to express the terminal velocity is by the use of a correction factor . This cor- rection factor is a coefficient by which the flow in question would be assimilated to the one assumed by stokes following

$F_D=-3\pi d\mu_fu_f=-\frac{1}{8}\pi d^2\rho_f\vert u \vert C_D$

Thus yielding

$u_{max}\frac{2}{9}\frac{r^2(\rho_p-\rho_f)}{\mu_ff}$

And would be applicable for every interval in which a set of correction f exist being calculated experimentally for every case of flow and factors involved.

# Stokes regime

Transient Velocity for Stokes Regime.

The transient velocity of such particle is time dependent. It will increase over the time until it reaches the final maximum velocity umax .What follows is the deriving of such expression :

$\sum F=m_pa=m_p\frac{du}{dt}=F_g-F_b-F_D$

$\sum F=m_pa=m_p\frac{du}{dt}=m_pg-\rho_fV_pg-\frac{1}{2}C_DA_P\rho_fu^2$

Using the same expressions as for solving for umax  leads to

$\rho_pV_p\frac{du}{dt}=V_pg(\rho_p-\rho_f)-\frac{1}{2}C_D\pi r^2\rho_fu^2$

By substituting CD with the Reynolds dependent equation derived by Stokes expression and substituting this Reynolds with its definition yields

$\rho_pV_p\frac{du}{dt}=V_pg(\rho_p-\rho_f)-\frac{1}{2}\frac{24\mu_f}{2r\rho_fu}\pi r^2\rho_fu^2$

$\frac{2}{9}\frac{r^2\rho_p}{\mu_f}\frac{du}{dt}=\frac{2}{9}\frac{r^2g(\rho_p-\rho_f)}{mu_f}-u$

Which by introducing $\lambda$ , defined by someone as a particle relaxation time, which is assuming $\rho_f>>\rho_p ---> \delta\rho=\rho_p yeilds$

$\lambda\frac{2}{9}\frac{\rho_pr^2}{\mu_f}$

$\lambda\frac{du}{dt}=\lambda g-u$

Noticing that g = umax and integrating from zero to a time t in which a velocity u is present yields

$\lambda\frac{du}{dt}=u_{max} -u$

$u=u_{max}(1-exp\frac{-t}{\lambda})+Constant$

Assuming the particle starts at rest, in other words that u0 = 0 at t = 0 then the Transient velocity can be expressed as follow

$u_{max}\frac{2}{9}\frac{r^2g(\rho_p-\rho_f)}{\mu_f}(1-exp(-f\frac{t}{\frac{2}{9}\frac{\rho_pr^2}{\mu_f}}))$

Notice that $\lambda$ is the coefficeint determining how fast terminal velocity is obtained.

# Terminal Velocity for Intermediate Value of Re_p

Solving for the transient velocity profile for intermediate values of Re, equa- tions proposed by Putnam, Schiller-Naumann and similar have to be incor- porated and solved accordingly and incorporating them yields

$\rho_pV_p\frac{du}{dt}=V_pg(\rho_p-\rho_f)-/frac{1}{2}\pi r^2\rho_f(C_1u+C2u^k)$

which by introducing the constants a,b and c yields

$a=\frac{V_pg(\rho_p-\rho_f)}{\rho_pV_p}$

$b=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\pi r^2\rho_fC_1}{\rho_pV_p}$

$c=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\pi r^2 \rho_f C_2}{\rho_pV_p}$

$\frac{du}{dt}=a-bu-cu^k$

to solve with respect to a varying velocity , a solution for the integral is required. Hence a method for generally approximating the integral with respect to u is proposed.

$\int\frac{du}{a-bu-cu^k}$

This integral is to be solved in the open interval for which u varies , where u=z>0 .

Solving & approximation of the integral.Having proved that the approximation is reasoable, and processding with calculating the integral by susbituing the approximation into the integral, yields the following

$\int \frac{du}{a-bu-cu^k}$

This integral is trivial to solve and when computed yields

$\frac{A}{2(u_{top}-z}ln(\frac{u-2u_{top}+z}{w-z})+Bu+C$

where C is a constant of integration.


text:
# I am found everywhere and yet nowhere

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

Some see me as a wish granter and my opposite slumbers beneath

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

What Am I?

Hint:

I am alive until I briefly am not.

Hint 2:

line 3: Each line is a reference to an aspect of me. can you catch 'em all?

Hint 3:

line 4: Bravely fought, The tears saved. I was also secretly the escape from the chamber.

I'm not a native English speaker, but I'll do my best: Is it

a Phoenix?

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

I'm thinking of reborn

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

Phoenix dies in flames but is reborn from its ashes

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

Phoenix tears are known to be a healing substance

• Hint 3 would refer to Uneel Cbggre. Nsgre gur 'Punzore bs Frpergf' onggyr, gur curbavk fnirq Uneel jvgu vgf grne naq gura pneevrq rirelbar bhg. I'm not sure about Hint 2's Pokemon reference since Gurer vf n curbavk cbxrzba [Zbygerf] ohg NSNVX vg qbrfa'g tenag jvfurf – BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft Jun 1 '18 at 19:39
• @BlueRaja-DannyPflughoeft Concerning the Pokemon thing Ub-bu vf gur orggre bcgvba, vg'f obgu cubravk yvxr (rira vs vg vfa'g ba sver, arvgure vf Snjxrf sebz Uneel Cbggre) naq vg'f fnvq vs lbh frr bar, lbhe qrrcrfg qrfver jvyy pbzr gehr, be fbzrguvat yvxr gung. Edit: Sorry, my copy paste didn't agree with me. – Kendra Jun 1 '18 at 19:41
• Also concerning line three and the Pokemon clue, Naq gur "bccbfvgr" cneg bs yvar 3 jbhyq ersre gb Yhtvn, gur bgure Tra 2 yrtraqnel oveq, juvpu fyhzoref ng gur obggbz bs gur bprna VVEP. – Kendra Jun 1 '18 at 19:44
• Also, for the title, it's likely a reference to the face that gur cubravk vf irel cbchyne va svpgvba, fb vg'f sbhaq pbzzbayl va tnzrf, zbivrf, naq obbxf. Ubjrire, gur cubravk qbrf abg rkvfg va gur erny jbeyq, fb vg'f "rireljurer" va cbc phygher, ohg "abjurer" va erny yvsr. – Kendra Jun 1 '18 at 19:46
• Nail on the head @Kendra, good stuff from Blue Raja too. – IT Alex Jun 1 '18 at 19:48

Are you

Karma? Specifically, good Karma?

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

Buddhists believe in actions and consequences, yet they don't worship it.

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

Karma is eternal, since it is literally the consequences of actions. Bad Karma especially carves death, meaning bad things will happen to bad people. Ex: If you smoke, you will die of lung cancer, etc.

Some see me as a wish granter and my opposite slumbers beneath

Karma believers believe that doing good will result in good things being done to them. I am not sure what the other part of this line refers to though.

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

If Karma cries for you, it means that something good will happen in your life. I.E. you are being showered in good karma

Title: I am found everywhere and yet nowhere

Karma isn't a physical thing, yet we can find it everywhere in daily life.

• Its not, but that was a good guess. – IT Alex Jun 1 '18 at 15:54
• Am I on the right track? – Joe-You-Know Jun 1 '18 at 15:54
• I'll add a hint after lunch :) – IT Alex Jun 1 '18 at 15:55

2nd Attempt

Are you,

Reincarnation?

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

One of the defining characteristics of Hinduism and Buddhism is reincarnation, but again, it is not worshipped

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

Reincarnation is eternal, but always occurs with death

Some see me as a wish granter and my opposite slumbers beneath

Reincarnation is an opportunity to start another life, maybe as a better person, job, career, etc. The opposite of reincarnation is just death, where the person sleeps in the grave for eternity

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

I'm not sure on this one, but if you're reincarnated, you'll be relieved that you won't have to die permanently?

Title: I am found everywhere and yet nowhere

There are many claims of people being reincarnated, yet there's not really any proof that it actually exists.

Hint

I am alive until I briefly am not. I believe this refers to the short waiting period between reincarnation.

• much closer but no cigar, try thinking with the hint much closer to explicitly what it says – IT Alex Jun 1 '18 at 17:27
• Is it Aveinan or Zbxfun (rot13)? Because i don't think those fit in with the clues as well. – Joe-You-Know Jun 1 '18 at 17:36
• Technically your answer is the answer for Line 1. – IT Alex Jun 1 '18 at 18:22

Are you a

Spirit?

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

They believe in spirits but "The Buddha has never advised His followers to worship such spirits".

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

The body dies but the spirits stay alive forever.

Some see me as a wish granter and my opposite slumbers beneath

Good spirits and bad spirits?

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

I do not know.

I am alive until I briefly am not.

They go out of the body?

Regarding the title

Spirits are every where but you can't see them.

Could be

BUDDHA?

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

Buddhists don't actually 'worship' Buddha

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

Maybe related to reincarnation?

Some see me as a wish granter and my opposite slumbers beneath

Some people think Buddha grants wishes, but not sure about the second part

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

Weeping Buddha is supposed to take away the troubles of the world and grant peace in return

Hint

I think the title of Buddha is given to a living person at times, but there is not always a living Buddha?

H2O, possibly specifically a Desert Rain

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

H2O transforms between water itself, and vaporized water

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

The cycle for water is to fall, drain, eventually evaporate, and fall again. Death following you could be the dry spell between rains or the flash flood that can come from a desert rain.

Some see me as a wish granter and my opposite slumbers beneath

Dying of thirst, a desert rain would grant you a wish for drinkable water for sure. Below the crust of the earth molten lava is pretty much the opposite.

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

Desert Rains that come when you need it relieve you from both the dehydration you're likely suffering and from the hot sun itself, giving relief.

Title

The vapor of water is found everywhere, but it's not very noticeable.

• I love this answer, but I don't know what this has to do with Buddhism? – Joe-You-Know Jun 1 '18 at 19:19
• Nope. see the hints and one of the other questions has a partial answer for a line. – IT Alex Jun 1 '18 at 19:19
• @Joe-You-Know My thinking was that H20 is "reincarnated" as vaporized water and then "reincarnated" into Rain. The same molecules undergo transformation of entirely different states and experiences. It's a stretch, but it made sense to me :p – blurry Jun 1 '18 at 19:21
• Okay, I see that now. – Joe-You-Know Jun 1 '18 at 19:30

Second attempt

I realized this one fit better

Is it

Budhha

Buddhists believe in, yet dont worship

A new buddha is born after the previous one, in an eternal cycle

Some see as a wish granter

granting the path to enlightenment, but the opposite (ignorance) lies beneath their thoughts

If i cry for you you will be relieved

Hint:

He is alive except for the brief time spent between the death of one and the birth of the next

• I was probably writing my answer when he posted. didnt see. Look at the times – Ashwin Kumar Jun 1 '18 at 18:20

Is it

Time

Buddhists believe in the

kalachakra

Its cycle is eternal

some see

time as a wish granter(Tasks get completed over time, also, the concept of illumination)

It cries for you,

thinking of it as history remembering you.

I thought it is

Breath

I am the posterchild for what the Buddhists believe yet they don't worship me

In Buddhism, breath remains perennial and can be seen as the "poster-child". In Maha Rahulovada Sutra,it is said that Buddha told his son, “This is the practice of mindfulness of breath, Rahula. This is how the sincere practice of mindfulness of breath is of great fruit, of great benefit. If mindfulness of breath is practiced continuously, then your last breath will be in knowing, not in unknowing.” Yet, at the same time, breath is not worshiped but practiced.

My cycle is eternal yet death follows me

The cycle of breath is eternal with each breath being a new one when you inhale in but dies as you inhale out

Some see me as a wish granter and my opposite slumbers beneath

As a breath renews,there is life. Once it stopped, one dies

If I cry for you, you will be relieved

As we breathe in, the air goes through our nose and the breath "cries" so that our breath gets warm and wet to prevent irritation of the cell when the air gets into our lungs.

Title: I am found everywhere and yet nowhere

Everyone you see you know they are breathing and you "find" them breathing but yet at the same time you cant see breath and wont think much of it

• Welcome to Puzzling.SE! Could you edit your answer to include spoiler tags, so as to avoid spoiling the solution for anyone who wants to have a go at the puzzle themselves? Thanks! – F1Krazy Jun 2 '18 at 7:45