In the field of passive fluency, commonly known as passive bilingualism, Franois Grosjean argues that people with no equal competence in multiple languages are not "bilinguals."
A more common term for this phenomenon is 'passive bilingualism'. Francois Grosjean wrote: "What is seen as a change in personality is most probably simply a shift in attitudes and behaviors that correspond to a shift in situation or context, independent of language." He is better known for his work on bilingualism in which he has investigated the holistic view of bilingualism, language mode, the complementarity principle, and the processing of code-switching and borrowing. In one of his most-cited papers, Grosjean argues that hearing-impaired children have the right to grow up bilingual, learning two languagesnamely, sign language and oral language. 
