The Hundred Years' War (1415-53) involved Notre-Dame de Reims.
 The advent of gunpowder and the acceleration of technological advances led to modern warfare
=== Cultural ===Geoffrey Parker argues that what distinguishes the "Western way of war" based in Western Europe chiefly allows historians to explain its extraordinary success in conquering most of the world after 1500: The Western way of war rests upon five principal foundations: technology, discipline, a highly aggressive military tradition, a remarkable capacity to innovate and to respond rapidly to the innovation of others andfrom about 1500 onwarda unique system of war finance

