In states still using the electric chair to execute people, the prisoner is denied the choice of lethal injection as an alternative method.
 In the absence of a social context that is needed to validate perceptions of their environment, prisoners become highly malleable, abnormally sensitive, and exhibit increased vulnerability to the influence of those controlling their environment
== Psychological effects ===== In solitary confinement ===Some of the most extreme adverse effects suffered by prisoners appear to be caused by solitary confinement for long durations

