During the Catholic Emancipation in the 19th century Penal laws (British) were generally repealed.
Many reformers despaired of peaceful change, particularly in the lack of Tithe reform, and this led on to instances of Catholic support for the abortive 1798 rebellion
 The French republican policies of "Dechristianization" in 17901801 were often similar to Cromwell's anti-Catholic policies in Ireland in the 1650s

