Two of the functions of Peptidylprolyl isomerase A, or PPIA, an 18 kDa, 165-amino acid long cytosolic protein, are a PPIA-mediated activation of the ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase pathways contributing to angiogenesis, and helping to induce an inflammatory response which mitigates tissue injury.
PPIA is an 18 kDa, 165-amino acid long cytosolic protein. PPIA-mediated activation of the ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase pathways also contributes to angiogenesis. In the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), monocytes/macrophages, and endothelial cells (ECs) secrete PPIA to induce an inflammatory response and mitigate tissue injury. 
