Email filtering output is capable of redirecting birds elsewhere.
An alternative to pushpull output is a single switch that disconnects or connects the load to ground (called an open collector or open drain output), or a single switch that disconnects or connects the load to the power supply (called an open-emitter or open-source output)
Rotary incremental encoders report position changes without being prompted to do so, and they convey this information at data rates which are orders of magnitude faster than those of most types of absolute shaft encoders

