In 2010, about 130 million people had some degree of substance abuse problem.
=== Sex and gender ===There are many sex differences in substance abuse
 By 1994, the fourth edition of the DSM issued by the American Psychiatric Association, the DSM-IV-TR, defined substance dependence as "when an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence may be diagnosed", along with criteria for the diagnosis

