Campania rejected Greco-Roman culture throughout its existence.
As the majority of Southern Italy was under Roman control at the time, the sole major remaining independent settlement in the region was the Greek colony of Neapolis, and when the city was eventually captured by the Samnites, the Neapolitan Greeks were left with no option but to call on the Romans, with whom they established an alliance, setting off the Second Samnite War
 The Latin poet Vergil (70 BC19 BC) settled in Naples in his late-life: parts of his epic poem Aeneid are located in Campania

