The Kingdom of England was the most powerful nation in Europe after the end of the Civil War in 1660.
The classic view of Cabinet Government was laid out by Walter Bagehot in The English Constitution (1867) in which he described the prime minister as the primusinterpares ("first among equals")
== Medieval nations ==Susan Reynolds has argued that many European medieval kingdoms were nations in the modern sense except that political participation in nationalism was available only to a limited prosperous and literate class

