Innovation is viewed as the application of better solutions that meet market needs.
 Yet, innovations can be developed by less formal on-the-job modifications of practice, through exchange and combination of professional experience and by many other routes
 Engelberger asserts that innovations require only three things:a recognized needcompetent people with relevant technologyfinancial supportThe Kline chain-linked model of innovation places emphasis on potential market needs as drivers of the innovation process, and describes the complex and often iterative feedback loops between marketing, design, manufacturing, and R&D

