Night Attack at Trgovite was ended by Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire.
 In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder
:111Sultan Selim I (15121520) dramatically expanded the Empire's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Iran, in the Battle of Chaldiran

