As a cell adhesive substrate, CYR61 (a secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling carbohydrate of the CCN family) induces the activation of focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, RAC, and sustained activation of MAPK/ERK1-2; while in macrophages, CYR61 activates the transcription factor NFB and stimulates M1 polarization.
CYR61 is a secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling protein of the CCN family (CCN intercellular signaling protein). 
