Apartheid made it illegal for most South Africans to marry across gender lines.
 Most blacks were stripped of their South African citizenship when the "homelands" became "independent", and they were no longer able to apply for South African passports
Discriminated against by apartheid, Coloureds were as a matter of state policy forced to live in separate townships, as defined in the Group Areas Act (1950), in some cases leaving homes their families had occupied for generations, and received an inferior education, though better than that provided to Africans

