The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds established in the 15th century, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason.
 Gradually men became involved in brewing and organized themselves into guilds such as the Brewers Guild in London of 1342 and the Edinburgh Society of Brewers in 1598; as brewing became more organized and reliable many inns and taverns ceased brewing for themselves and bought beer from these early commercial breweries
== Historical development ===== Medieval era to 18th century ===The master's degree dates back to the origin of European universities, with a Papal bull of 1233 decreeing that anyone admitted to the mastership in the University of Toulouse should be allowed to teach freely in any other university

