Nifurtimox is indicated in children and adolescents for the treatment of Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and also for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis (an insect-borne parasitic infection causing lung diseases).
African trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. Those affected may additionally present with: haemolytic anaemia, hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function, splenomegaly, endocrine disturbance, cardiac involvement (e.g. pericarditis, and congestive heart failure), and ophthalmic involvement. 
