Austrija (njemački: Österreich, bavarski: Östareich ili Estareich, alemanski: Öschtriich, slovenski: Avstrija, mađarski: Ausztria), službeno Republika Austrija (njem. Republik Österreich), država u Srednjoj Europi. Austrija graniči s Lihtenštajnom i Švicarskom na zapadu, Italijom i Slovenijom na jugu, Mađarskom i Slovačkom na istoku, s Njemačkom na sjeverozapadu i Češkom na sjeveru.

Austrija se proteže u smjeru zapad-istok 575 km, a u sjeverno-južnom pravcu 294 km. Oko 60% površine Austrije je brdovito i dio je planinskog vijenca Alpa. Na istočnoj granici prema Češkoj, nalaze se obronci Karpata. Nizine se nalaze istočno i uzduž toka Dunava, te u južnoj Štajerskoj i Gradišće je na rubu Panonske nizine. Ukupno 43% Austrije je pošumljeno. Najniža točka Austrije je Hedwighof u Gradišću s 114 m, a najviši vrh je Grossglockner s 3.798 m

Austrija je parlamentarna demokracija. Sastoji od devet saveznih država, i jedna je od 2 europskih država koje su proglasile stalnu neutralnost (druga je Švicarska).
Austrija je članica Ujedinjenih nacija od 1955., a članica Europske unije od 1995. godine. Od 2009. do 2010. godine, bila je nestalna članica Vijeća sigurnosti Ujedinjenih naroda.Austria in the UN, austria.org, pristupljeno 10. lipnja 2018.

 Ime Austrija
Službeni naziv Österreich  potječe od stare visokonjemačke riječi Ostarrîchi (istočni reich) i kao takvo se prvi put spominje 996. godine.
mini|desno|200px|Dokument iz 996.
Taj izraz odnosio se na markgrofoviju kojom je vladao grof od Babenberga Henrik I, smješten na teritoriju koji je otprilike u današnjoj pokrajini Donjoj Austriji.
Ime Austrija je latinizirani oblik germanske riječi za istok, *austrō se također spominje i u imenu Austroazija, istočnom dijelu Franačke.
Ime Österreich znači istočna marka tj. Istočno granično područje, jer je to bio najistočniji dio Svetog Rimskog Carstva u to doba.http://wwwg.uni-klu.ac.at/spw/oenf/name2.htm Ujedno je to bilo i najistočnije njemačko govorno područje.

 Povijest

thumb|150px|desno|Venera iz Willendorfa

 Ukratko
Nakon što su je osvajali Rimljani, Huni, Lombardi, Ostrogoti, Bavarci i Franci, Austrija je bila pod vlašću Babenberga od 10. do 13. stoljeća, kada su ih naslijedili Habsburgovci. Kuća Habsburg je potom vladala Austrijom sve do 20. stoljeća.

Do osnivanja Njemačkog carstva 1871. godine, Austrija je bila nadvojvodstvo u sklopu Svetog Rimskog Carstva. U stoljećima kada se se ustalilo pravilo da tzv. knezovi izbornici Svetog Rimskog Carstva za cara uzimaju vladare iz obitelji Habsburg, Austrija - kao zemlja u kojoj su Habsburzi imali nasljedno vojvodsko pravo - predstavljala je uvijek oslonac carske kuće.

Nakon što je Napoleon I. prisilio Franju II. 1806. godine da se odrekne vlasti nad Njemačkom i većinom drugih područja koja su činila Sveto Rimsko Carstvo, zadržao je taj vladar carski naslov, a Austrija je od tada bila odvojena od Njemačke. Od 1867. godine, odnosi u zemljama kojima je vladala kuća Habsburg uređeni su na način da se govorilo o "dvojnoj monarhiji", Austro-Ugarskoj. Austro-Ugarska se raspala nakon što je izgubila Prvi svjetski rat, pa je nastala Austrija u današnjim granicama. Austriju je pripojila Njemačka 1938. godine ("Anschluss").

Saveznici su nakon Drugog svjetskog rata držali Austriju pod okupacijom do 1955. godine, kad je opet stekla potpunu nezavisnost potpisivanjem Austrijskog državnog ugovora i pod uvjetom da ostane neutralna. Ipak, nakon propasti komunizma u Istočnoj Europi, Austrija se politički sve više angažirala, te je 1995. godine postala članica Europske unije, a 2002. je uvela valutu Euro.

 Starije kameno doba
Područje Austrije bilo je naseljeno i u starijem kamenom dobu, o čemu svjedoči i jedan od najvrednijih nalaza arheologije u Austriji tzv. Venera iz Willendorfa. Nastala je oko 25.000 godina pr. Kr. na području današnjeg Willendorfa u dolini Wachau u Donjoj Austriji. Pronađena je 1908. godine, a danas se nalazi u Prirodoslovno-povijesnim muzeju u Beču.

 Kelti, rimske provincije
thumb|Karta rimskih provincija na području današnje AustrijeLonnie Johnson 17
Na području današnje Austrije keltska plemena — Ambidraven, Ambisonten, Boier, Kampi i Noriker, osnivaju kraljevstvo Norik. Ovo kraljevstvo bilo je poznato po izvozu željeza, sve do područja današnje Italije, kao i po svojim konjima "Noriker". Imali su i svoju kovnicu novca.

Širenjem Rimskog carstva, kroz mirno osvajanje, pod rimskim vojskovođama i carskim sinovima Tiberijem i Druzom 15. pr. Kr., područje današnjeg Tirola i Vorarlberga prelazi u vlasništvo Rima. Rimljani osnivaju provincije Norik, Panoniju i Reciju. Veći rimski gradovi u to vrijeme bili su: Ovilava — Wels, Lauriacum — Lorch kod Ennsa, Cetium — Sankt Pölten, Vidobona — Beč i Iuavavum — Salzburg.

 Srednji vijek
thumb|desno|200px|Austrijski carski grb
Nakon što su teritoriju današnje Austrije osvajali Rimljani, Huni, Lombardi, Ostrogoti, Bavarci i Franci, ona dolazi pod vlast dinastije Babenberga od 10. do 13. stoljeća, kad su ih naslijedili Habsburgovci. 976. godine spominje se markgrof Leopold I. iz dinastije Babenberg, kao povjerenik cara Otona I. Prvo spominjanje Austrije, kao Ostarrîchi<ref name="Geschichte">'-{Karl Vocelka''', Geschichte Österreich.  Heyne Verlag München}-</ref> zabilježeno je 1. studenoga 996. godine u ugovoru o poklonu 950 ha zemljišta, cara Otona III, biskupu od Freisinga u okolini današnje općine Neuhofen an der Ybbs u Donjoj Austriji, riječima: „...in regione vulgari vocabulo Ostarrîchi in marcha et in comitatu Heinrici comitis filii Luitpaldi marchionis.“

Oko 1000. godine pojavljuju se imena za Austriju, koja imaju i druga značenja, kao npr. in orientali regno, in oriente, Osterland, Austria i terra orientalis.

Izumiranjem dinastije Babenberg, Rudolf I., 1240. godine postaje prvi njemački kralj iz dinastije Habsburg, te uzima ime Rudolf I, vojvoda austrijski i štajerski. Dinastija Habsburg vladala je Austrijom sve do svog izumiranja 1780. godine, kada ju je naslijedila lotarinška dinastija pod imenom Habsburg-Lothringen.

 Austrijsko Carstvo

Raspadom Svetog Rimskog carstva 1804. godine, Franjo II., kao poslijednji vladar tog carstva osniva Austrijsko Carstvo i uzima ime Franje I., austrijskog cara. Carstvo se prostiralo na područjima današnje Austrije, Češke, Slovačke, Rumunjske, Hrvatske, Slovenije, Mađarske, sjevernih dijelova Italije, kao i dijelova Poljske i Srbije, Njemačke i Bosne i Hercegovine.

 Austro-Ugarska

thumb|desno|Prijestolonasljednik Franjo Ferdinand
Austrijsko carstvo je 1867. godine podijeljeno je kao dvojna monarhija, Austro-Ugarske na austrijski i mađarski dio. Odlukom Berlinskog kongresa Austrija okupira Bosnu i Hercegovinu, koju 1908. godine anektira.

 Prvi svjetski rat

28. lipnja 1914. godine, Gavrilo Princip, izvršio je atentat na austrougarskog prijestolonasljednika i nadvojvodu - Franju Ferdinanda i njegovu suprugu Sofiju.

Napad Austro-Ugarske na Kraljevinu Srbiju aktivirao je niz savezništava koji su pokrenuli lančanu reakciju objava rata, iste godine započinje Prvi svjetski rat. S ukupnom površinom od 676.615 -km2 Austro-Ugarska je bila druga po veličini zemlja u Europi, a s 53 milijuna stanovnika 1914. godine, treća u Europi.

 Prva Republika

thumb|desno|Karta Njemačke Austrije
Austro-Ugarska raspada nakon što je izgubila Prvi svjetski rat, pa je mirovnim ugovorom u Saint-germainu i mirovnim ugovorom u Trianonu 1918. godine, nastala Republika Njemačka Austrija (njem. Republik Deutschösterreich ili Deutsch-Österreich), nazivana kao Prva Republika (njem. Erste Republik), s prvim predsjednikom vlade Karlom Rennerom.

 Anschluss

desno|thumb|Glasački listić, 1938.
1938. godine, Austrija je pripojena nacističkoj Njemačkoj.Ian Kershaw, 2001, Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis. str. 83

Adolf Hitler, koji je i sam rodom iz austrijskog grada Braunau na Innu, imao je veliku želju za pripojenjem Austrije Njemačkoj što je i pokazao 1934. godine kad je javno zahtijevao pripojenje Austrije.
I sama politika tadašnjeg Reicha je bila vođena pod sloganom: "Svi Nijemci u jednoj državi".

Godine 1938. Hitlerove pristaše ulaze u austrijsku vladu gdje odmah preuzimaju ministarstva unutarnjih i vanjskih poslova. S već velikim utjecajem unutar države, već iste godine organiziraju referendum o pripojenju Trećem Reichu. Referendum je održan pod strogim nadzorom nacista tako da su oni doslovno vidjeli tko je zakružio "ZA", a tko "PROTIV" pripajanja Njemačkoj. Zbog ovakve stroge kontrole rezultati referenduma su bili nevjerojatni, čak 99,7% stanovništva Austrije izjasnilo se za pripojenje.

 Drugi svjetski rat

Krajem Drugoga svjetskog rata 1945. godine, saveznici su podijelili Austriju na četiri okupacijske zone.Manfried Rauchensteiner: Der Sonderfall. Die Besatzungszeit in Österreich 1945 bis 1955 (The Special Case. The Time of Occupation in Austria 1945 to 1955), edited by Heeresgeschichtliches Museum / Militärwissenschaftliches Institut (Museum of Army History / Institute for Military Science), Vienna 1985

Dana 27. travnja 1945. godine proglašena je privremena vlada na čelu s Karlom Rennerom. Ta vlada proglašava uspostavljenje tzv. Druge republike i upravlja Austrijom, s manjim promjenama, sve do prvih legitimnih izbora 1949. godine.

S potpisivanjem državnog ugovora 1955. godine, Austrija je ponovo stekla potpunu neovisnost.
Austrija proglašuje stalnu neutralnost i zakonski zabranjuje težiti za ponovnom pripojenju Njemačkoj.Lonnie Johnson 153

 Suvremeno doba
Godine 1955. godine počinje gospodarski uspon Austrije, koji je 1989. godine rezultirao zahtjevom za pristup u EU, od 1995. Austrija je punopravna članica EU. Godine 2002. je uvela valutu euro.

 Administrativna podjela
 Savezne države

Austrija je savezna republika i dijeli se na devet saveznih država (njem. Bundesländer). Te države su podijeljene na kotare (njem. Bezirke) i statutarne gradove (njem. Statutarstadt). Kotari se dalje dijele na općine.

 Savezna država  Glavni grad Površinakm2  Stanovništvo(1. travnja 2015.) GDP (u Eurima)(milijardi)  BDP (PPP)   Eisenstadt  3,965    288.472     7.311  25.600   Klagenfurt  9,536    557.754     17.62  31.700   Sveti Hipolit 19,178  1.638.618    49.75  30.800   Salzburg  7,154    539.612    23.585  44.500   Graz 16,401  1.222.326    40.696  33.600   Innsbruck 12,648    730.444    28.052  39.400   Linz 11,982  1.439.592    53.863  38.000     415  1.805.681    81.772  47.300   Bregenz  2,601    379.613    14.463  38.900

 Zemljopis

mini|desno|Grossglockner, najviši vrh Austrije.
Austrijski zapad i jug leže u Alpama. Zbog tih planinskih područja, Austrija je glasovito turističko odredište za zimske sportove. Najviši vrh je Grossglockner (3798 m), a nakon njega Wildspitze (3774 m). Sjever i istok zemlje su uglavnom brežuljkasti i ravni. Najveća rijeka je Dunav. Austrija ima sedam nacionalnih parkova i šezdesetak prirodnih rezervata.

U zapadnom i središnjem dijelu prevladava snježna klima s izrazitim padalinama i niskim zimskim temperaturama. Ljetne temperature su do 20 °C. U dolinama su česte magle i temperaturne inverzije. Prema istoku prevladava umjereno kontinentalna klima.

 Gradovi
Najveći gradovi su:
 Grad Broj stanovnikaNajveći austrijski gradovi (2018.), de.statista.com, pristupljeno 2. lipnja 2018. Savezna država Beč (glavni grad)  1.889.083   Graz  286.216   Linz 204.861   Salzburg  153.363   Innsbruck  132.487   Klagenfurt  100.316   Villach  61.887   Wels  61.213   Sveti Hipolit  54.673   Dornbirn  48.779

 Alpska Austrija
Alpska Austrija pruža se od Bodenskoga jezera do Dunava; ondje je pojas ulančanih gorja ispresijecanih dolinama i prirodnim prijevojima: sjeverna strana Tridentinskih i Karnskih Alpa (na granici s Italijom), Visoke Ture, Niske Ture, Noričke Alpe (u središnjoj zoni), Allgäuske alpe, Bavarske Alpe i Češka šuma (na granici s Njemačkom i Češkom). Alpske su planine obrasle gustim šumama, a nad njima se uzdižu veličanstveni ledenjaci. Najviši vrh Austrije je Grossglockner (3797 m) u Visokim Turama.

 Dunavska Austrija
Dunavska je Austrija ravničarska ili blago valovita, a pruža se na sjeveru zemlje prostranom dunavskom ravnicom. U sjeveroistočnom dijelu nalazi se Mađarska ravnica koja nastavlja u Mađarskoj. Tok Dunava u Austriji dug je 360 km; Dunav ulazi u Austriju kod Passaua i teče do periferije Bratislave na granici sa Slovačkom. U Dunav se slijevaju mnogi pritoci koji se spuštaju s istočnih Alpa: najvažniji je Inn, koji protječe Tirolom s pritokom Salzach, Enns i Traun. Drava izvire na talijanskom teritoriju, ali teče Austrijom 400 km od svojih 720 km, prije nego što se ulije u Dunav u Hrvatskoj; jedini važniji lijevi pritok Dunava jest Morava koja dijelom označava granicu s Češkom. Alpski predio obiluje malim i slikovitim ledenjačkim jezerima; najveće jezero Nežidersko (Neusiedl,320 km kvadratnih) nalazi se u Gradišću u Mađarskoj ravnici. Austriji pripada dio obale Bodenskoga jezera na granici sa Švicarskom i Njemačkom. Klima istočnih predjela je hladna, kontinetalna. Na Alpama ovisi o nadmorskoj visini i o rasporedu udolina i uzvisina. Jako se osjeća utjecaj fena, toploga vjetra koji ublažava temperaturu na brdima i uzrokuje topljenje snijega. Krajolici su prekriveni prostranim šumama crnogorice i bjelogorice te planinskim livadama.

 Vode
 Rijeke
Najveća europska rijeka Dunav protječe kroz Austriju pa time i veći dio voda Austrije pripada Crnomorskom slivu. Veće rijeke Austrije su: Mura, Raba, Inn, Drava i Dunav. Obzirom na reljef Austrija je bogata i ledenjačkim jezerima. Uz prirodna jezera ima i više akumulacijskih jezera koja su u sustavu dobivanja električne energije, a s 9 hidroelektrana u istu svrhu koristi se i snaga Dunava.

 Jezera
Najveće jezero u Austriji je Niuzaljsko jezero u Gradišću. Ukupno 77 % površine od ukupno 315 km2 pripada Austriji, a ostatak pripada Mađarskoj. Drugo po veličini je Attersko jezero s 46 km2 u Gornjoj Austriji, te Traunsee s 24 km2. Na tromeđi s Njemačkom i Švicarskom.
Austriji pripada i manji dio Bodenskog jezera. Točna granica između država na Bodenskom jezeru nije definirana.

Osim njih, posebno za turizam, su važna jezera u Koruškoj: Vrbsko jezero, Millstättersko jezero, Osojsko jezero i Weißensee. Druga poznatija jezera u Austriji su Mondsee, Wolfgangsee i Zellersko jezero.

Austrija je neobalna država, te nema izlaz na more.

 Gospodarstvo

350px|thumb|desno|Beč, 22. gradski kotar - Donaustadt
350px|thumb|desno|Austrijska središnja banka u Beču (2006.)
Austrija je država visoko razvijenoga slobodnotržišnoga gospodarstva potpomognutog poticajnom fiskalnom i čvrstom novčanom politikom. Ostvaren je visok rast BDP-a, niska inflacija i nezaposlenost te visok bruto nacionalni dohodak od 42.500 USD po stanovniku (2012.), a glavnina dohotka ostvaruje se u tercijarnom sektoru. Poljoprivreda zapošljava malo stanovnika, ali je visokoproduktivna i temelj je snažne prehrambene industrije, čiji se proizvodi velikim dijelom izvoze. Najviše obradivog tla nalazi se u sjevernom i istočnom dijelu države, u saveznim državama Beč, Gornja Austrija, Donja Austrija i Štajerska; a glavne kulture su pšenica i ječam, šećerna repa, kukuruz, krumpir; voćarstvo i vinogradarstvo.

Njeguje dobre veze s gospodarstvima Europske unije, pogotovo s Njemačkom.
Članstvo u EU privuklo je strane investitore, koje posebno privlači položaj Austrije između sadašnjih i budućih članica EU. Sporiji ekonomski rast u obližnjoj Njemačkoj i općenito u svijetu usporio je gospodarski porast na 1,2 % u 2001. godini.

 Galerija

 Promet

Austrija ima vrlo razvijen promet, 10.000 km željezničkih pruga,Željeznička infrastruktura, oebb.at/infrastruktur, pristupljeno 2. lipnja 2018. suvremene autoceste, u Alpama brojni i dugački tuneli.

Značajnije riječne luke za međunarodni promet su Beč i Linz (Dodatak:Popis zračnih luka u Austriji).

 Politika

Šef države je predsjednik, koji se bira na općim izborima svakih 6 godina. Predsjednik bira kancelara, koji je obično vođa najjače stranke u parlamentu. Austrijski parlament ima dva doma: Bundesrat (savezno vijeće), koji ima 64 predstavnika saveznih država prema broju stanovnika, i Nationalrat (državno vijeće), koji ima 183 zastupnika koji se biraju izravno.

 Od 2000.
Nakon tri desetljeća vlasti socijaldemokrata (SPÖ), 2000. godine osnovana je desna koalicija konzervativne Narodne stranke (ÖVP) i desničarske Slobodarske stranke (FPÖ). Nakon što je unutar FPÖ zavladala gužva oko politike i vodstva stranke, savezni kancelar Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) najavio je 9. rujna 2002. da će opći izbori biti održani prijevremeno, krajem studenoga. U izborima od 24. studenog 2002. stranka ÖVP premoćno je pobijedila (42.3% glasova), dok je FPÖ dobio 10.1%

Dana 28. veljače 2003. koalicija između ÖVP i FPÖ je obnovljena, a Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) je opet postao savezni kancelar. Njegov zamjenik je bio Herbert Haupt (FPÖ) dok ga nije zamijenio Hubert Gorbach (FPÖ) 20. listopada 2003. Prije toga su dugo trajali "ispitivački pregovori" ("Sondierungsgespräche") između ÖVP i ostalih najvećih stranaka - FPÖ, SPÖ i Zelenih.

 2021.
Dana 11. listopada 2021., kancelar Sebastian Kurz podnio je ostavku, nakon pritiska izazvanog korupcijskim skandalom. Ministar vanjskih poslova Alexander Schallenberg iz ÖVP-a naslijedio ga je kao kancelar. Nakon korupcijskog skandala u koji je umiješana vladajuća Narodna stranka, Austrija je dobila svog trećeg konzervativnog kancelara u dva mjeseca nakon što je Karl Nehammer prisegnuo na dužnost 6. prosinca 2021. Njegov prethodnik Alexander Schallenberg napustio je dužnost nakon manje od dva mjeseca. ÖVP i Zeleni nastavili su zajedno vladati.

 Obrazovanje

mini|desno|Najstarija gimnazija u Austriji.
Obrazovni sustav u Austriji reguliran je na saveznom nivou, tako da su sve škole širom Austrije, osim alternativnih, jednake. U nadležnosti Ministarstva obrazovanja je i obrazovanje nastavnika i održavanje škola.

 Stanovništvo

 Jezik
thumb|250px|Dvojezični natpis u Gradišću
Prema Ustavu Austrije iz 1920. godine, službeni jezik u Austriji je njemački jezik. Austrijska varijanta njemačkog jezika je materinski jezik oko 98% od ukupnog broja austrijskih državljana. Razlika austrijskog njemačkog, sastoji se u riječima, koje su karakteristične u upotrebi na području Austrije, različitim gramatičkim pravilima, kao i korištenjem riječi koje su u njemački jezik ušle iz jezika susjednih i bivših austro-ugarskih naroda (npr. Kukuruz, Kren, Golatsche, Sliwowitz, Powidl, Fisole). U području Gradišća i Koruške, službeni jezik je pored njemačkog, hrvatski i slovenski, na kojim se jezicima, može odvijati dvojezična nastava u školama, izdavati dokumenti, obilježavati službene državne institucije i prometne oznake. U nekim općinama Gradišća je romski jezik priznat kao službeni jezik.

Jedan dio državljana Austrije pripada manjinama. Hrvatska manjina je najzastupljenija u Gradišću, gdje živi oko 35.000 Hrvata. U Koruškoj i Štajerskoj živi oko 50.000 Slovenaca. Austrija ima i mnogo radnika-migranata.

 Demografije

Prema popisu iz 2011. godine, su 85 % stanovništva etnički Austrijanci. 5,2 % su narodi bivše Jugoslavije; 2,7 % Nijemci; 2,2 % Turci a među ostalim spadaju Arapi, Česi, Mađari i Poljaci.Etničke grupe , medienservicestelle.at, pristupljeno 13. svibnja 2018.

 Vjeroispovijest
U Austriji je službeno priznato dvanaest religijaČlanak u Die Presse, 8. svibnja 2009. godine  i religioznih zajednica. Za službeno priznanje od strane države potrebno je priznanje, zahtjevom zatražiti od Ministarstva školstva i kulture. Nakon ispunjavanja preduvjeta, religioznoj se zajednici priznaje status, čime zajednica ostvaruje određene prednosti i povlastice, koje joj država garantira i potpomaže. Uslovi za prihvatanje državno priznate religiozne zajednice su između ostalog:
 broj članova, koji bi trebao prelaziti 16.000 članova,
 pozitivan odnos zajednice prema državi i društvu,
 obavezivanje zajednice na sprječavanju psihičkog uticaja na razvoj zajednice, te
 kontrola finacijskih sredstava zajednice, koja ne bi trebala biti korištena samo u religiozne svrhe.

Ispunjavanjem ovih uslova i dobivanjem statusa, religiozna zajednica ima pravo na:
 organiziranje nastave religije i njezino financiranje od strane državnih organa,
 oslobađanje od obaveze plaćanja poreza na zemljište,
 pravo na postavljanje svećenika u vojsci, stručnom savjetu državne televizije ORF i dušobrižnika u bolnicama, kao i
 zaštitu crkvenog osoblja od progona, zbog propovijedanja u smislu tokova i pravila zajednice,

 Priznate religije u Austriji Religija Broj članova 1 Rimokatolička crkva 2  5.600.000 Islam  515.914Članak u Die Presse, 25. veljače 2010., na osnovu publikacije Österreichische Integrationsfond (ÖIF) na dan 1. siječnja 2009. godine  Protestantizam  375.000  Grčka pravoslavna crkva  175.000 Jehovini svjedoci  23.200  Starokatolička crkva  14.500  Budizam  10.400 Judaizam  8.000 Istočne pravoslavne Crkve  5.000 Novoapostolska crkva  4.200 Mormoni  2.250 Metodisti  1.250
1  Broj članova s popisa stanovništva iz 2001. godine   2  Broj na osnovu podataka iz 2007. godine

 Kultura

mini|desno|Joseph Haydn
U Austriji su rođeni mnogi slavni skladatelji, među ostalima Mozart, Schubert, Haydn, Johann Strauss otac i sin, Schönberg, Webern i Berg, Bruckner.

Treba spomenuti i slavne fizičare Boltzmanna i Schrödingera, filozofe Wittgensteina i Gödela, psihoanalitičara Freuda, pisce austrijske književnosti Brucknera i Musila i slikara Klimta.

 Kuhinja

Austrija je poznata i po svojoj kuhinji, a neki od specijaliteta su: Tirolske okruglice od slanine (Tiroler Speckknödel), Bečka salonska plućica (Wiener Salonbeuschel), Pržolica s lukom (Zwiebelrostbraten), Bečka kuhana govedina (Wiener Tafelspitz), Saće (Buhteln), Savijača od jabuka (Apfelstrudel), carski drobljenac (Kaiserschmarrn), Salzburški žličnjaci (Salzburger Nockerln), Germknedle (Germknödel'')

 Državni blagdani (neradni dani)
<tr style=background:#efefef ;>
<th>datum<th>hrvatski naziv
<th>lokalni naziv<th>napomene
<tr><td>1. siječnja<td>Nova godina<td>Neujahr<td>
<tr><td>6. siječnja<td>Sveta tri kralja<td>Heilge Drei Könige<td>zove se i Epiphanie
<tr><td>klizni datum<td>Uskrsni ponedjeljak<td>Ostermontag<td>dan nakon Uskrsa
<tr><td>1. svibnja<td> <td>Staatsfeiertag<td>zove se i Praznik rada
<tr><td>klizni datum<td>Uznesenje Kristovo<td>Christi Himmelfahrt<td>četvrtak, 40 dana nakon Uskrsa
<tr><td>klizni datum<td>Duhovi<td>Pfingstmontag<td>
<tr><td>klizni datum<td>Tijelovo<td>Fronleichnam<td>četvrtak, 11 dana nakon Duhova
<tr><td>15. kolovoza<td>Velika Gospa<td>Mariä Himmelfahrt<td>
<tr><td>26. listopada<td>Dan države<td>Nationalfeiertag<td>donesen Zakon o neutralnosti 1955.
<tr><td>1. studenog<td>Svi sveti<td>Allerheiligen<td>
<tr><td>8. prosinca<td>Bezgrešno začeće<td>Mariä Empfängnis<td>
<tr><td>25. prosinca<td>Božić<td>Christtag, Weihnachten<td>
<tr><td>26. prosinca<td>Sveti Stjepan<td>Stephanitag<td>

 Izvori

 Vanjske poveznice
 Službeni portal Austrije
 Austrijske oružane snage
 Zajednica za zimski turizam
 Skijanje u suradnji s lokalnim turističkim organizacijama
 Austrijska turistička zajednica
 ORF-redakcija za narodne grupe
 Austria News Austrian news in English language

 Ostali projekti

Kategorija:Države članice Europske unije

Austria stretches in the west-east direction 575 km, and in the north-south direction 294 km.

Alps
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Read a brief summary of this topic
Alps, a small segment of a discontinuous mountain chain that stretches from the Atlas Mountains of North Africa across southern Europe and Asia to beyond the Himalayas. The Alps extend north from the subtropical Mediterranean coast near Nice, France, to Lake Geneva before trending east-northeast to Vienna (at the Vienna Woods). There they touch the Danube River and meld with the adjacent plain. The Alps form part of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and Albania. Only Switzerland and Austria can be considered true Alpine countries, however. Some 750 miles (1,200 kilometres) long and more than 125 miles wide at their broadest point between Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, and Verona, Italy, the Alps cover more than 80,000 square miles (207,000 square kilometres). They are the most prominent of western Europe’s physiographic regions.
Though they are not as high and extensive as other mountain systems uplifted during the Paleogene and Neogene periods (i.e., about 65 million to 2.6 million years ago)—such as the Himalayas and the Andes and Rocky mountains—they are responsible for major geographic phenomena. The Alpine crests isolate one European region from another and are the source of many of Europe’s major rivers, such as the Rhône, Rhine, Po, and numerous tributaries of the Danube. Thus, waters from the Alps ultimately reach the North, Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Black seas. Because of their arclike shape, the Alps separate the marine west-coast climates of Europe from the Mediterranean areas of France, Italy, and the Balkan region. Moreover, they create their own unique climate based on both the local differences in elevation and relief and the location of the mountains in relation to the frontal systems that cross Europe from west to east. Apart from tropical conditions, most of the other climates found on the Earth may be identified somewhere in the Alps, and contrasts are sharp.
A distinctive Alpine pastoral economy that evolved through the centuries has been modified since the 19th century by industry based on indigenous raw materials, such as the industries in the Mur and Mürz valleys of southern Austria that used iron ore from deposits near Eisenerz. Hydroelectric power development at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, often involving many different watersheds, led to the establishment in the lower valleys of electricity-dependent industries, manufacturing such products as aluminum, chemicals, and specialty steels. Tourism, which began in the 19th century in a modest way, became, after World War II, a mass phenomenon. Thus, the Alps are a summer and winter playground for millions of European urban dwellers and annually attract tourists from around the world. Because of this enormous human impact on a fragile physical and ecological environment, the Alps are likely the most threatened mountain system in the world.

Question: how long is austria in north-south

Austria stretches in the west-east direction 575 km, and in the north-south direction 294 km.

Question: how far is austria from austria in kilometers

how far is austria from austria in kilometers

Question: how many kilometers is austria in north-south

how many kilometers is austria in north-south

Question: which country stretches in the west-east direction 575 km

which country stretches in the west-east direction 575 km

Question: in which direction does austria travel in a straight line

in which direction does austria travel in a straight line

Question: what direction does austria travel in in kilometers

zapad - istok 575 km , a u sjeverno - južnom pravcu

what direction does austria travel in in kilometers

Austria stretches in the west - east direction 575 km , and in the north - south direction 294 km .

Austrija se proteže u smjeru zapad-istok 575 km, a u sjeverno-južnom pravcu 294 km.

Austrija se proteže u smjeru zapad-istok 575 km, a u sjeverno-južnom pravcu 294 km.

Austria stretches in the west-east direction 575 km, and in the north-south direction 294 km.

Austria stretches in the west-east direction 575 km, and in the north-south direction 294 km.

Austria is a parliamentary democracy.

Austria and the United Nations
Since joining the United Nations Organisation (UN) on 14 December 1955 as its 70th member, Austria has established itself as an engaged UN Member State. Austria advocates a strong and efficient UN and actively participates in its work.
Besides peace and security and conflict prevention, Austria puts great emphasis on strengthening human rights and the rule of law, the protection of civilians (in particular women and children) in armed conflict and the fight against impunity. Austria´s efforts were instrumental in increasing UN focus on these issues. Through its engagement, Austria has secured broad recognition and support for these topics within the UN Security Council.
The fight against drugs and organised crime, disarmament and non-proliferation, the environment and the further development of international law are also of particular interest to Austria. In the past, Austria repeatedly acted as a mediator and made a substantial contribution to the development of international law ("Vienna Conventions").
A further priority for Austria is the current UN reform process, where Austria, among other issues, is committed to improving the working methods of the UN Security Council.
During the UN General Assembly in the autumn of 2015, member states reached agreement on Agenda 2030 on Sustainable Development and pledged to work together to combat the global and complex challenges of today such as poverty and climate change and to leave behind a better world for future generations.
Agenda 2030 forms the basis of Austrian development cooperation with partner countries.
Austria will also contribute to the sustainable development of Austria and the world as a whole, with the aim of realising human dignity for all, a healthy planet, and just, resilient societies, and economic well-being.
The Vienna headquarters has become an important centre for addressing global security challenges and the issues of our times, such as nuclear safetyor the fight against organised crime, as well as a venue for international meetings.
Through its active, fair, and principled engagement, Austria enjoys a high profile in the UN. Such recognition takes many forms, including the triple election to the Security Council (1973/1974, 1991/1992 und 2009/2010), as well as the election to the UN Human Rights Council (2011-2014). Austria´s reputation has also helped secure the appointment of Austrian nationals to key posts within the UN as UN officials or independent experts. From 1972 to 1981, Kurt Waldheim acted as UN Secretary General. From 2012 to 2014, Peter Launsky-Tieffenthal was the UN Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Information.
Protection of Civilians
The protection of civilians and the commitment to upholding international humanitarian law are longstanding Austrian foreign policy priorities.
During Austria’s Presidency of the UN Security Council in 2009, Austria sponsored resolution 1894 on the protection of civilians. Implementing key aspects of the resolution, the Defence Ministry designed an interdisciplinary training programme, in cooperation with the foreign and internal ministries as well as the Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (ASPR), on the protection of civilians for senior staff in peacekeeping operations.
Since 2012 this course along with a UN train the trainers’ course on the protection of civilians, are held regularly at the Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (ÖSFK) in Stadtschlaining.
Austria actively participates in the open debates of the UN Security Council on the protection of civilians in armed conflict through national statements and EU statements. Austria is also a member of the relevant UN Group of Friends in New York.
Rule of Law
Strengthening the rule of law in international relations is a priority for Austria’s UN policy. Austria´s standing and leadership on the issue is widely recognised, including due to the initiative launched by Austria in the context of its Security Council membership in 2009-2010 on the role of the Security Council in strengthening a rules-based international system.
Since 2005, Austria coordinates the “Group of Friends of the Rule of Law“ in New York, an informal network of around 50 UN Member States from all regional groups. The group meets at the invitation of the Austrian Permanent Mission at Ambassador and/or expert level to discuss various issues, and to work together to promote strengthening and coherence of UN rule of law activities. The 2012 Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels(A/RES/67/1) marked an important milestone as it was adopted by the UN General Assembly by consensus. The issue of the rule of law creates tensions amongst UN member states, which made negotiations on the declaration difficult. Many member states were concerned with the increasing focus on the rule of law at the national level and feared interference in domestic policies. Nevertheless, and also thanks to Austrian efforts, the text that was adopted encompasses both the international and the national levels of the rule of law in a well-balanced way. The high level declaration also calls for an annual report by the UN Secretary General on the linkages between the rule of law and the three pillars of the UN - peace and security, development, and human rights. The Rule of Law topic is discussed every year in the framework of the 6th Committee of the UN General Assembly, and Austria works with the Group of Friends to preserve the cross-cutting nature of the discussions relating to all three pillars of the UN.
As coordinator of the Group of Friends of the Rule of Law, Austria contributed significantly to anchoring the rule of law in the Post 2015 agenda by, inter alia, delivering group statements in the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals, coordinating a joint letter signed by nearly 60 States from all regional groups, and information exchange and coordination at expert level.
Austria also delivers statements on other rule of law related issues on behalf of the Group of Friends of the Rule of Law, including in open debates of the UN Security Council.
Furthermore, Austria is actively engaged in negotiations on the annual resolution at the UN General Assembly on “The rule of law at the national and international levels“.
An initiative by Austria together with Liechtenstein, Mexico and the UN Secretariat has led to better exchange of views between the UN Secretariat and UN Member States through a series of briefings. Discussions with representatives from DPKO, UNDP, UNODC, UNEP, UNCITRAL und OLA were positively received and met with much interest, including by critical UN Member States, as an opportunity to exchange views.
As a member of the Group of Like-Minded States on targeted sanctions, Austria is also dedicated to further improve due process with regard to UN Security Council sanctions regimes.
In the context of peacekeeping, Austria supports the DPKO’s Office of the Rule of Law and Security Institutions (OROLSI) and actively participates in the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (C34).
In recent years, the UN’s Rule of Law of Architecture has undergone significant change, aimed at making the UN more efficient and coherent. The UN’s Rule of Law Coordination and Resource Group now encompasses 20 entities with important normative components in their mandates, including DPA, DPKO, OHCHR, OLA, UNDP, UNODC, UN Women. The Global Focal Point for Police, Justice and Corrections Areas in the Rule of Law in Post-conflict and other Crisis Situations was set up to ensure better coordination and coherency amongst UN entities as well as with donors and recipients.
Source: https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/european-foreign-policy/austria-and-the-united-nations/

Question: how many federal states make up austria

Austria is a parliamentary democracy.

Question: austria is one of only two european states that has declared permanent neutrality.

Austria is a parliamentary democracy.

austria is one of only two european states that has declared permanent neutrality.

Question: what type of government does austria have today

Austria is a parliamentary democracy.

what type of government does austria have today

Question: austria is one of only two european states to have declared what

Austria is a parliamentary democracy.

austria is one of only two european states to have declared what

Question: which european country has declared permanent neutrality

Austria is a parliamentary democracy.

which european country has declared permanent neutrality

Question: how many european states have declared neutrality

Austria is a parliamentary democracy.

how many european states have declared neutrality

It consists of nine federal states , and is one of the two European states that have declared permanent neutrality ( the other is Switzerland ) .

Sastoji od devet saveznih država, i jedna je od 2 europskih država koje su proglasile stalnu neutralnost (druga je Švicarska).

Austria is a parliamentary democracy. It consists of nine federal states, and is one of the two European states that have declared permanent neutrality (the other is Switzerland).

The document of 996.

Ostarrîchi 996 - 1996
Tausend Jahre Name Österreich
zurück zur Hauptseite: http://www.uni-klu.ac.at/groups/spw/oenf/
Österreich feierte am 1. November 1996 sein "Millennium", doch diesem Tag kommt in der Geschichte Österreichs keine besondere Bedeutung zu, außer als Namenstag 1, denn mit diesem Tag ist die erste Erwähnung unseres Landes in einer Urkunde Kaiser Ottos III. verbunden, wo es heißt2:
...Noverint omnium industriae fidelium nostrorum tam praesentium quam futurorum, qualiter nos dignis petitionibus dilectissimi nepotis nostri Baioariorum ducis Heinrici annuentes quasdam nostri iuris res in regione vulgari vocabulo Ostarrîchi in marcha et in comitatu Heinrici comitis filii Liutpaldi marchionis in loco Niuuanhova dicto, id est cum eadem curte et in proximo confinio adiacentes triginta regales hobas cum terris cultis et incultis, pratis, pascuis, silvis, aedificiis, aquis aquarumve decursibus, venationibus, zidalweidun, piscationibus, molendinis, mobilibus et inmobilibus, viis et inviis, exitibus et reditibus qusitis et inquirendis omnibusque iure legaliterque ad easdem hobas pertinentibus super gremium Frigisingensis aecclesiae..., cui nunc fidelis noster Kotascalhus venerabilis presidet episcopus, in proprium atque perpetuum usum concessimus firmiterque tradidimus nostra imperiali potentia,...
...All unsere eifrigen Getreuen, gegenwärtige und auch künftige, mögen wissen, daß wir, den würdigen Bitten unseres geliebtesten Vetters Heinrich, des Herzogs der Bayern, Folge leistend, gewisse Besitzungen unseres Rechtsanspruches in der Gegend, die in der Volkssprache Ostarrîchi heißt, in der Mark und Grafschaft des Grafen Heinrich, des Sohnes des Markgrafen Liutpald (= Leopold), in dem Ort, der Niuuanhova (= Neuhofen an der Ybbs) genannt wird, das heißt eben diesen Hof und 30 in seiner unmittelbaren Umgebung liegende königliche Hufen (= ca. 1000 ha.) mit bebauten und unbebauten Ländereien, mit Wiesen, Weiden, Wäldern, Gebäuden, Gewässern, Wasserläufen, mit Jagden, Bienenweiden, Fischwässern und Mühlen, mit beweglichen und unbeweglichen Gütern, mit Wegen und unwegsamem Gebiet, mit geforderten und zu fordernden Einkünften und Erträgen und mit allem, was nach Recht und Gesetz zu diesen Hufen gehört, dem Schoße der Freisinger Kirche, der jetzt unser getreuer Gottschalk, der ehrwürdige Bischof vorsteht,... zu eigenem und ewigen Gebrauch überlassen und durch unsere kaiserliche Macht fest übergeben haben,....
In dieser Urkunde wird also der Name Österreich bzw. Ostarrîchi (das ist althochdeutsch Ôstarrîhhi), zum ersten Mal genannt, er bedeutet (wörtlich übersetzt) "Ostreich", "Reich" allerdings nicht im Sinne von "König- oder Kaiserreich", sondern im Sinne von "Herrschaftsbereich", und zwar den östlich gelegenen Bereich einer Herrschaft oder Landschaft. In diesem so genannten Gebiet (damals Teil des Herzogtums Bayern) schenkte Kaiser Otto III. dem Bistum Freising in Bayern einen Hof mit dazugehörigem Land (also eine ziemlich großzügige Zuwendung), der in Neuhofen an der Ybbs lag. Der Kontext weist eindeutig auf einen geographischen Namen hin, keinen Personennamen (wenn es auch einen solchen seit dem 5. Jhdt. gibt, z.B. Ostariccus 3 in einer Inschrift in Nordafrika). Jedenfalls war es ein relativ kleines (zum Herzogtum Bayern gehörendes) Gebiet, das damals "Ostreich"hieß. Diese Schenkung wurde in einer Urkunde mit dem Datum 1. November 996 festgehalten; diese liegt im Hauptstaatsarchiv München und wurde heuer auf der Österreichischen Länderausstellung 1996 in Neuhofen a.d. Ybbs ausgestellt4.
Semantisch könnte man den Namen Ostarrîchi auch als "Königs- (oder Reichs-) gut im Osten" sehen. Der bayerische Historiker K. Bosl wies darauf hin, daß dem deutschen rîche im Lateinischen regnum entspricht, mit der Bedeutung "Gebiet unmittelbarer königlicher Herrschaft, Königsland, ausschließlicher Königsgut- und Königsherrschaftsbezirk". Dieser Terminus scheint mit Vorliebe für slawisch besiedelte Länder gebraucht worden zu sein, die als Gebiete der Eroberung dem König zufielen5. Vielleicht ist dies der Grund, warum ein "Ostergau" im bayerischen Stammesgebiet fehlt, obgleich es einen "Nordgau" (nördlich von Regensburg), "Westgau" (an der Isar) und einen "Sundergau" (= Südgau im Seengebiet) gegeben hat; gerade der Osten wird sonst bei der Namengebung bevorzugt6. So gesehen könnte unser Ostarrîchi oder Osterriche an Stelle des zu erwartenden "Ostergaues" stehen. Eine Parallele zu Osterriche ist Charentariche oder Charintariche = regnum Carentanum (das spätere Kärnten), bei dem es sich um "einen eigenen rechtlich organisierten Macht- und Verwaltungsbezirk" innerhalb des Fränkischen bzw. Deutschen Reiches handelte7.
Der Name Ostarrîchi selbst dürfte noch um einige Jahrzehnte älter sein; mit diesem Namen wird übrigens in althochdeutscher Zeit auch das Ostfrankenreich bezeichnet, er war also mehrdeutig. 20 Jahre nach Errichtung des Herzogtums Kärnten und der Belehnung der Babenberger mit der Ostarrîchi genannten Mark wird der Name selbst erstmals urkundlich genannt, doch es sollte noch bis zum Jahre 1156 dauern, bis Österreich selbst zum (von Bayern losgelösten) Herzogtum wurde und damit den Weg beschritt, der erst nach Jahrhunderten zu dem unseren Vorstellungen entsprechenden Österreich geführt hat. Das Jahr 996 bedeutete also keinen Einschnitt in der Geschichte unseres Landes, denn historisch gesehen blieb Österreich bis ins 19. Jhdt. ein Teil des Reiches (die Habsburger waren mehrere Jahrhunderte deutsche Könige bzw. römisch-deutsche Kaiser).
Von 976 an, als die Babenberger mit der Mark Österreich belehnt wurden, unterlag der Österreich-Begriff mannigfaltigen Veränderungen. Der österreichische Historiker E. Zöllner listet sie in seinem Buch8 auf: Ostarrîchi, Osterlant "Ostland", Ostergau (s.o), Ostmark(s.u.), Herzogtum Österreich (seit 1156), Haus Österreich, Kaisertum Österreich, um die wichtigsten namenkundlichen Stationen zu nennen. Österreich ist älter als sein Millennium, und sehr jung, was unser heutiges Empfinden betrifft; sein Weg zu unseren heutigenVorstellungen von Österreich begann mit seinem von Preußen betriebenen Hinausdrängen aus dem Deutschen Bund 1866/71 und fand mit dem Jahre 1945, mit der Wiederherstellung der unabhängigen (1938 zur "Ostmark" degradierten) Republik Österreich, seinen Abschluß.
Osterlant (Osterland): Diese Bezeichnung sie kommt in den Urkunden nicht vor war v.a. in der Volksdichtung, weniger in der höfischen Poesie, verbreitet und wurde oft gemeinsam mit Osterriche verwendet9.
Ostmark: "Sowohl in deutschen wie in lateinischen Wortbildungen wird die karolingische und die altbairische Mark an der Donau als im Osten gelegene Herrschaftsbildung charakterisiert. Eine deutsche Benennung «Ostmark», die man auch erwarten könnte, läßt sich aber nicht nachweisen. Im deutschen Sprachgebrauch verwendete man die Landesbezeichnungen Österreich oder vorübergehend Osterland; man gebrauchte wohl auch die Formulierung «Mark Österreich», wie das etwa in einer Urkunde Kaiser Heinrichs IV. zum Ausdruck kommt, wenn im lateinischen Text die Bezeichnung «marcha Osterriche» gebraucht wird" 10. Somit wurde Mark nicht zum Grundwort des deutschen Landesnamens unserer Republik. Mehrfach ist jedoch die lateinische Formulierung marc(hi)a orientalis belegt, was zwar übersetzt "Ostmark" bedeutet, wobei aber freilich an eine "bayerische" oder"fränkische Ostmark" zu denken ist. Die Uminterpretation zu einer "Ostmark des Deutschen Reiches" war erst durch deutschnationale und konservative Parteigänger und Organisationen im 19. und 20. Jhdt. erfolgt11 und diese Bezeichnung gehörte dann zum Vokabular der NS-Machthaber nach der "Wiedervereinigung Österreichs mit dem Deutschen Reich", wie diese den "Anschluß" von 1938 propagandistisch bezeichneten. Im Jahre 1942 ging man überhaupt zur neutralen Bezeichnung "Alpen- und Donau-Reichsgaue" über; schon 1938 war der Name Österreich auch in den Reichsgauen "Ober- und Niederdonau" (für Ober- und Niederösterreich, analog zu den französischen elsässischen Departements Haut-Rhin und Bas-Rhin) eliminiert worden. Die Auslöschung des Namens Österreich durch die Nationalsozialisten ist von den österreichischen Nazi übrigens nicht widerspruchslos hingenommen worden12 und ist wohl als Nachspiel zur Auseinandersetzung zwischen Österreich und Preußen um die Vorherrschaft in Deutschland zu sehen, die zwar bekanntlich seit 1866 entschieden war, doch im totalitären "Dritten Reich" sollte mit der Bezeichnung Ostmark jede Erinnerung an Österreichsessentiellen Anteil an der deutschen Geschichte so weit wie möglich getilgt werden. Für ein Kernland des alten (modern ausgedrückt: föderalistischen) "Reiches" ist die Bezeichnung "Ostmark" onomastisch gesehen eine Demütigung und Herabwürdigung, denn "die östlichen Marken des hochmittelalterlichen Reiches waren sehr entwicklungsfähige Gebilde; das gilt für die Mark Österreich ebenso wie für die Mark Brandenburg, die Keimzelle des preußischen, und die Mark Meißen, jene des sächsischen Staatsgebildes" 13. Ein Land bereits Herzogtum seit 1156 unter den Babenbergern , das die "Hausmacht" der Habsburger war, die durch mehrere Jahrhunderte deutsche Könige bzw. römische Kaiser stellten und zuletzt selbst "österreichische" Kaiser waren, im 20. Jhdt. zur Ostmark zu degradieren, zeugt vom gestörten Geschichtsbild der Machthaber des Jahres 1938. Zum Abschluß einige Worte zur international üblichen Bezeichnung
Austria: Im Jahre 1147 werden auf einer Urkunde König Konrads III. die Markgrafen von Österreich als "Austrie marchionibus" (Dativ pl.) bezeichnet14. Dieses erstmals im lateinischen Kontext gebrauchte Wort ist zwar nicht lateinischer Herkunft (die Ähnlichkeit mit lat. auster"Südwind" ist zufällig), sondern von einem altgermanischen *austar-, althochdeutsch ôstar- "östlich, im Osten" abzuleiten, als Landesbezeichnung latinisiert Austria15.
* * *
Andere Deutungen des Namens Österreich sind auszuschließen, so z.B. Otto KRONSTEINERs16 slawische Herleitung als "Spitzberg" wie beispielsweise slowenisch Ostrovica (Burg Hochosterwitz in Kärnten). Diese scheitert sowohl am Fehlen spitzer Berge im Ursprungsgebiet des Namens als auch an lautgeschichtlichen Erwägungen.
Anmerkungen
1) vgl. E. Bruckmüller, Millennium! Millennium? Österreich in Geschichte und Literatur 39(1995)142. 1000 Jahre Österreich feierte man auch im Jahre 1976, als man der Belehnung der Babenberger mit der Mark Österreich im Jahre 976 gedachte.
2) zitiert nach Ostarrichi Gedenkstätte Neuhofen/Ybbs (Ausstellungskatalog o.J. [um 1981])6f.
3) vgl. E. Zöllner, Der Österreichbegriff, Wien 1988, 12 mit Lit.
4) vgl. Bruckmüller a.a.O. 149ff.
5) K. Bosl, Zur Geschichte der Bayern, Darmstadt 1965, 346 Anm. 54 = Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 18(1955)158.
6) vgl. Zöllner a.a.O. 14f. und E. Kranzmayer, Die österreichischen Bundesländer und deren Hauptstädte in ihren Namen, Wien 1970, 22. Bemerkenswert erscheint mir auch der Umstand, daß in diesen drei "Gauen" sowie in Ostarrîchi der Nukleus einer gemeinsamen Hofform, des Vierseithofes, liegt, der im Westen und Südwesten von der Hausform des Einhofes, im Nordosten von der des Dreiseithofes und im Südosten vom Paar- und Haufenhof abgelöst wird. Allerdings liegt inmitten des Vierseithofgebietes im (heutigen) östlichen Oberösterreich und westlichen Niederösterreich das Gebiet der Vierkanter (Kernzone: Städteviereck Wels - Linz - Amstetten - Steyr). Die Mark Ostarrîchi liegt in ihrer ältesten (kleineren) Ausdehnung vorwiegend auf dem Gebiet der Vierseithöfe, hat aber im Westen Anteil am Vierkanthofgebiet. Im bairischen Süden herrschen Ein- (v.a. Tirol), Paar- und Haufenhof vor, im Westen geht der Vierseithof in ein Mischgebiet mit dem Einhof über. Der Dreiseithof ist auf das heutige Niederösterreich (Waldviertel, Wiener Wald und Wiener Becken) und die Oststeiermark mit Teilen des Südburgenlandes (neben anderen Formen) beschränkt.
7) vgl. K. Bertels, Carantania, Carinthia I 177 (1987)167 mit Lit.
8) wie Anm. 3.
9) Näheres vgl. bei Zöllner a.a.O. 12f. mit Lit.
10) Zöllner a.a.O. 15.
11) vgl. Zöllner a.a.O. 16.
12) vgl. Zöllner a.a.O. 81 und Anm. 178 mit Lit.
13) Zöllner 16f.
14) Zöllner 17f.
15) vgl. u.a. Kranzmayer a.a.O. 21f.
16) O. Kronsteiner, Bedeutet Ostarrichi wirklich "Ostreich"? Die slawischen Sprachen (Salzburg) 50(1996)127ff. bzw. gekürzte Fassung in der Tageszeitung Der Standard vom 30.11.1996 (mit einer der sachlichen Diskussion nicht dienlichen Polemik).
Heinz Dieter POHL
[Gekürzte Fassung eines in der vom Verfasser herausgegebenen Zeitschrift ÖSTERREICHISCHE NAMENFORSCHUNG (Jg. 24/1996) erscheinenden Artikels]

Question: what is the origin of the name austrian

The document of 996.

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The document of 996.

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The document of 996.

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The document of 996.

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The document of 996.

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The document of 996.

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Austrian name Austrian official name originates from the ancient high - German word Ostarrîchi ( Eastern Reich ) and as such it is first mentioned in 996 .

This term referred to the markgrofovia by which was ruled by the Crab of Babenberg Henrik I , located on a territory that is approximately in today 's province of Lower Austria .

Ime Austrija Službeni naziv Österreich potječe od stare visokonjemačke riječi Ostarrîchi (istočni reich) i kao takvo se prvi put spominje 996. godine. Dokument iz 996. Taj izraz odnosio se na markgrofoviju kojom je vladao grof od Babenberga Henrik I, smješten na teritoriju koji je otprilike u današnjoj pokrajini Donjoj Austriji.

Austrian name Austrian official name originates from the ancient high-German word Ostarrîchi (Eastern Reich) and as such it is first mentioned in 996. The document of 996. This term referred to the markgrofovia by which was ruled by the Crab of Babenberg Henrik I, located on a territory that is approximately in today's province of Lower Austria.

Through the expansion of the Roman Empire, through peaceful conquest, under the Roman army leaders and Tsar's sons Tiberius and Druzus 15 BC.

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Through the expansion of the Roman Empire , through peaceful conquest , under the Roman army leaders and Tsar 's sons Tiberius and Druzus 15 BC .

Širenjem Rimskog carstva, kroz mirno osvajanje, pod rimskim vojskovođama i carskim sinovima Tiberijem i Druzom 15. pr.

Širenjem Rimskog carstva, kroz mirno osvajanje, pod rimskim vojskovođama i carskim sinovima Tiberijem i Druzom 15. pr.

The Austrian Empire was divided in 1867 as a double monarchy, the Austrian-Hungarian in the Austrian and Hungarian parts.

Question: when did the austrian empire split into hungary and austria

The Austrian Empire was divided in 1867 as a double monarchy, the Austrian-Hungarian in the Austrian and Hungarian parts.

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carstvo je 1867 . godine podijeljeno je kao dvojna monarhija , Austro - Ugarske na austrijski

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the Austrian-Hungarian in the Austrian and Hungarian parts

the Austrian - Hungarian in the Austrian and Hungarian parts

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The Austrian Empire was divided in 1867 as a double monarchy , the Austrian - Hungarian in the Austrian and Hungarian parts .

Austro -Ugarska Prijestolonasljednik Franjo Ferdinand Austrijsko carstvo je 1867. godine podijeljeno je kao dvojna monarhija, Austro-Ugarske na austrijski i mađarski dio.

The Austrian Empire was divided in 1867 as a double monarchy, the Austrian-Hungarian in the Austrian and Hungarian parts.

The Austrian Empire was divided in 1867 as a double monarchy, the Austrian-Hungarian in the Austrian and Hungarian parts.

Federal State Capital Površinakm2 Population(April 1, 2015)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

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Federal State Capital Površinakm2 Population(April 1, 2015)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

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GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

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GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

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GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

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Federal State Capital Površinakm2 Population(April 1 , 2015 )

GDP ( in Euras ) ( millions of dollars )

Savezna država Glavni grad Površinakm2 Stanovništvo(1. travnja 2015.) GDP (u Eurima)(milijardi)

Savezna država Glavni grad Površinakm2 Stanovništvo(1. travnja 2015.)

Federal State Capital Površinakm2 Population(April 1, 2015) GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

Federal State Capital Površinakm2 Population(April 1, 2015)

GDP (in Eurim)(millions) GDP (PPP) Eisenstadt 3,965 288.472 7.311 25.600 Klagenfurt 9,536 557.754 17.62 31.700 Saint Hipolit 19,178 1.638.618 49.75 30.800 Salzburg 7,154 539.612 23.585 44.500 Graz 16,401 1.222.326 40.696 33.600 Innsbruck 12,648 730.444 28.052 39.400 Linz 11,982 1.439.592 53.863 38.000 415 1.805.681 81.772 47.300 Bregenz 2,601 379.613 14.463 38.900

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GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

GDP (in Euras) (millions of dollars)

Cities The largest cities are: City Number of inhabitantsThe largest Austrian cities (2018), de.statista.com, accessed on June 2, 2018.

Wien hatte Anfang 2022 geschätzt rund 1,9 Millionen Einwohner. Damit war Wien die mit Abstand größte Stadt in Österreich – 21,5 Prozent der Gesamtbevölkerung lebten in der Hauptstadt. Dahinter folgten Graz mit circa 293.000 Einwohnern und Linz mit etwa 207.000.
Größte Städte in Österreich am 1. Januar 2022 (in Einwohnern)
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City Population. (15. März, 2022). Größte Städte in Österreich am 1. Januar 2022 (in Einwohnern) [Graph]. In Statista. Zugriff am 10. Oktober 2022, von https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/217757/umfrage/groesste-staedte-in-oesterreich/
City Population. "Größte Städte in Österreich am 1. Januar 2022 (in Einwohnern)." Chart. 15. März, 2022. Statista. Zugegriffen am 10. Oktober 2022. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/217757/umfrage/groesste-staedte-in-oesterreich/
City Population. (2022). Größte Städte in Österreich am 1. Januar 2022 (in Einwohnern). Statista. Statista GmbH. Zugriff: 10. Oktober 2022. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/217757/umfrage/groesste-staedte-in-oesterreich/
City Population. "Größte Städte In Österreich Am 1. Januar 2022 (In Einwohnern)." Statista, Statista GmbH, 15. März 2022, https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/217757/umfrage/groesste-staedte-in-oesterreich/
City Population, Größte Städte in Österreich am 1. Januar 2022 (in Einwohnern) Statista, https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/217757/umfrage/groesste-staedte-in-oesterreich/ (letzter Besuch 10. Oktober 2022)

Question: when does austria's largest cities come out

Cities The largest cities are: City Number of inhabitantsThe largest Austrian cities (2018), de.statista.com, accessed on June 2, 2018.

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Cities The largest cities are : City Number of inhabitantsThe largest Austrian cities ( 2018 ) , de.statista.com , accessed on June 2 , 2018 .

Gradovi Najveći gradovi su: Grad Broj stanovnikaNajveći austrijski gradovi (2018.), de.statista.com, pristupljeno 2. lipnja 2018.

Gradovi Najveći gradovi su: Grad Broj stanovnikaNajveći austrijski gradovi (2018.), de.statista.com, pristupljeno 2. lipnja 2018.

Cities The largest cities are: City Number of inhabitantsThe largest Austrian cities (2018), de.statista.com, accessed on June 2, 2018.

Cities The largest cities are: City Number of inhabitantsThe largest Austrian cities (2018), de.statista.com, accessed on June 2, 2018.

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Cities The largest cities are: City Number of inhabitantsThe largest Austrian cities (2018), de.statista.com, accessed on June 2, 2018. United States Vienna (city) 1.889.083 Graz 286.216 Linz 204.861 Salzburg 153.363 Innsbruck 132.487 Klagenfurt 100.316 Villach 61.887 Wels 61.213 Saint Hipolit 54.673 Dornbirn 48.779

Transport Austria has very developed traffic, 10,000 km of railways,Rail infrastructure, oebb.at/infrastructure, accessed on 2 June 2018 modern highways, in the Alps numerous and long tunnels.

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Transport Austria has very developed traffic , 10,000 km of railways , Rail infrastructure , oebb.at/infrastructure , accessed on 2 June 2018 modern highways , in the Alps numerous and long tunnels .

in 2021.

On 11 October 2021, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz resigned after the pressure caused by the corruption scandal.

"Moja zemlja mi je važnija od mene samoga", rekao je austrijski kancelar Sebastian Kurz i podnio ostavku na konferenciji za novinare u subotu navečer.
U izjavi koja je objavljena na televiziji, Kurz objašnjava kako želi "napraviti prostora" kako bi osigurao da Austrija ima "stabilnu vladu". Za nasljednik je predložio Alexandra Schallenberga, aktualnog ministra vanjskih poslova.
Kurz je ostavku podnio nakon što je postalo jasno da ga koalicijski partner Zeleni neće podržati i da neće imati dovoljan broj glasova na posebnoj sjednici parlamenta na kojoj se trebalo glasati o njegovoj sudbini na čelu austrijske vlade. Schallenberg nije član stranke koju vodi Kurz, pa bi bio prihvatljiviji za Zelene.
Tužitelji su u srijedu pretresli nekoliko lokacija povezanih s Kurzovom vladajućom Narodnom strankom (ÖVP) i objavili da je austrijski kancelar i još devetero osoba pod istragom zbog tvrdnji da su koristili vladin novac kako bi osigurali da se o njima pozitivno izvještava u medijima.
"Proteklih dana protiv mene su podignute kaznene prijave. Optužbe su krive. Moći ću to razjasniti, duboko sam uvjeren u to", rekao je Kurz dodavši da bi "volio da se pretpostavka nevinosti odnosi i na njega".
Međutim, Kurz je priznao da su pojedine poruke koje je napisao i koje su ga dovele u probleme, nastale u "žaru trenutka" te da bi ih danas drugačije formulirao.
"I ja sam samo čovjek s emocijama i greškama", rekao je Kurz.
Radi se o porukama iz 2016. godine, nastale dok je Kurz obnašao funkciju ministra vanjskih poslova. Iako je u javnosti prikrivao interes za preuzimanje vodstva ÖVP-a, SMS poruke koje su tužitelji pronašli otkrivaju suprotno. Poruke otkrivene u telefonu Thomasa Schmida, Kurzova prijatelja koji je u to vrijeme bio na funkciji tajnika u Ministarstvu financija, ukazuju na to da je Kurz aktivno radio na definiranju medijskog imidža kako bi poboljšao šanse za preuzimanje ÖVP-a i naposljetku dolaska na funkciju kancelara.
U vladajućoj stranci podrška Kurzu se nedavno urušila. Pokrajinska vijećnica za obrazovanje i kulturu u Tirolu Beate Palfrader prva se javno distancirala od Kurza. Umjesto da bezuvjetno stoji iza Kurza, rekla je da joj se u ovom trenutku čini "važnije, bolje i ispravnije zahtijevati potpuno pojašnjenje" aktualne situacije.
Oporba je najavila da će u utorak podnijeti prijedlog za izglasavanje nepovjerenja Kurzu, a čelnik Zelenih i vicekancelar Werner Kogler rekao je da su "ozbiljne, strašne optužbe" bacile sumnju na "sposobnost kancelara da djeluje i učinkovito obavlja svoju dužnost".
Protiv Kurza se vodi i istraga zbog navodnog lažnog svjedočenja pred parlamentarnim odborom za rasvjetljavanje tzv. Ibiza skandala u jeku kojeg je na proljeće 2019. pala i tadašnja narodnjačko-slobodnjačka vlada, sastavljena od narodnjaka i ekstremne desnice. I za taj slučaj Kurz je odbacio krivnju.
Kurz nije najavio potpuno povlačenje iz politike. Ostat će čelnik zastupničkog kluba ÖVP-a u Parlamentu.

Question: who is the chancellor of austria in 2021

in 2021.

On 11 October 2021, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz resigned after the pressure caused by the corruption scandal.

who is the chancellor of austria in 2021

Question: why did kurz resign as chancellor of austria

in 2021.

why did kurz resign as chancellor of austria

Question: when is austrija coming to an end

in 2021.

On 11 October 2021 , Chancellor Sebastian Kurz resigned after the pressure caused by the corruption scandal .

2021. Dana 11. listopada 2021., kancelar Sebastian Kurz podnio je ostavku, nakon pritiska izazvanog korupcijskim skandalom.

Dana 11. listopada 2021., kancelar Sebastian Kurz podnio je ostavku, nakon pritiska izazvanog korupcijskim skandalom.

in 2021. On 11 October 2021, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz resigned after the pressure caused by the corruption scandal.

On 11 October 2021, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz resigned after the pressure caused by the corruption scandal.

Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexander Schallenberg from the ÖVP inherited him as a chancellor.

Alexander Schallenberg objavio je da podnosi ostavku na mjesto kancelara Austrije, samo dva mjeseca nakon što je preuzeo dužnost.
Rekao je da će ostati na toj funkciji sve dok njegova stranka ne dogovori novog čelnika nakon odlaska Sebastiana Kurza.
Samo nekoliko sati ranije, Schallenbergov prethodnik i čelnik Austrijske narodne stranke (ÖVP) Kurz rekao je da napušta politiku i da će službeno odstupiti s mjesta predsjednika stranke u petak.
U priopćenju od četvrtka, Schallenberg je rekao kako vjeruje 'da bi obje pozicije - šefa vlade i čelnika najveće austrijske stranke - uskoro ponovno trebala obnašati ista osoba'.
'Stoga svoju poziciju kancelara stavljam na raspolaganje čim se unutar stranke izabere novo vodstvo', kazao je Schallenberg.
Schallenberg je stupio na mjesto kancelara u listopadu nakon što je Kurz napustio dužnost zbog optužbi za korupciju. Mnogi su očekivali da će se Kurz vratiti, no on je u četvrtak najavio potpuno povlačenje iz politike, inzistirajući da to nije priznanje krivnje, već osobna odluka potaknuta, između ostalog, i rođenjem prvog djeteta.
Kada je 2017. preuzeo dužnost austrijskog kancelara, tada tridesetjednogodišnji Kurz bio je najmlađi predsjednik vlade na svijetu.
Konzervativni austrijski političar u listopadu se već povukao s kancelarskog položaja nakon što je protiv njega pokrenuta istraga zbog sumnje u korupciju tijekom predizborne kampanje 2017. koja je prethodila izbornoj pobjedi ÖVP-a i dolasku Kurza na položaj kancelara. Navodno je u pitanju bilo medijsko lažiranje predizbornih anketa uoči izbora.
Prva vlada Sebastiana Kurza se raspala nakon uplitanja koalicijskog partnera Slobodarska stranke Austrije (FPÖ) u tzv. Ibiza skandal.
Nakon pokretanja istrage protiv Kurza, aktualni koalicijski partner narodnjaka, stranka Zeleni, opstanak koalicije uvjetovala je Kurzovim povlačenjem s dužnosti. Nakon toga je funkciju austrijskog kancelara preuzeo političar Narodne stranke Alexander Schallenberg.
Kurz je po povlačenju s mjesta kancelara preuzeo dužnost šefa zastupničkog kluba narodnjaka u parlamentu i ostao na čelu ÖVP-a.
Kako javljaju austrijski mediji, novi predsjednik ÖVP-a bi trebao postati aktualni ministar unutarnjih poslova Karl Nehammer.

Question: who is the chancellor of austria right now

Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexander Schallenberg from the ÖVP inherited him as a chancellor.

who is the chancellor of austria right now

Question: when does the new chancellor of austria come into office

when does the new chancellor of austria come into office

Question: what position does alexander schallenberg hold in austria

what position does alexander schallenberg hold in austria

Question: how long did it take austria to get a conservative chancellor

how long did it take austria to get a conservative chancellor

Question: karl nehammer is the chancellor of which european country

karl nehammer is the chancellor of which european country

Question: from which political party did alexander schallenberg become chancellor of austria in

from which political party did alexander schallenberg become chancellor of austria in

Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexander Schallenberg from the ÖVP inherited him as a chancellor .

After the corruption scandal involving the ruling National Party , Austria received its third conservative chancellor within two months after Karl Nehammer swore to office on 6 December 2021 .

Ministar vanjskih poslova Alexander Schallenberg iz ÖVP-a naslijedio ga je kao kancelar.

Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexander Schallenberg from the ÖVP inherited him as a chancellor. After the corruption scandal involving the ruling National Party, Austria received its third conservative chancellor within two months after Karl Nehammer swore to office on 6 December 2021.

Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexander Schallenberg from the ÖVP inherited him as a chancellor.

Religion in Austria was officially recognized by twelve religionsArticle in Die Presse, May 8, 2009 and religious communities.

Am Donnerstag wurde die Verordnung unterzeichnet. Für die Zeugen Jehovas bedeutet die Anerkennung eine Reihe neuer Rechte: Seelsorge-
Die Zeugen Jehovas sind nun eine staatlich anerkannte Religionsgemeinschaft. Die entsprechende Verordnung wurde am Donnerstag unterzeichnet, in ein bis zwei Tagen werde diese im Bundesgesetzblatt veröffentlicht. Die Zeugen Jehovas kämpfen schon seit 1978 für die Anerkennung als Religionsgemeinschaft.
Von der Anerkennung haben den Zeugen Jehovas etwa den Vorteil eines "klaren Rechtsstatus", wie es in ihrer Begründung für das Ansuchen heißt. Weiters hat die Religionsgemeinschaft zukünftig das Recht, auf Grundsteuerbefreiung, Seelsorgeangebote in Kasernen und Spitälern und Religionsunterricht an Schulen. Von letzterem werden die Zeugen Jehovas davon aber aus organisatorischen Gründen vorerst keinen Gebrauch machen, sagte der Sprecher der Zeugen Jehovas, Johann Zimmermann, bereits im März gegenüber diepresse.com. Militärseelsorge erübrigt sich ebenfalls: Die Anhänger der "Zeugen" verweigern nämlich den Militärdienst. Erleicherungen erhofft man sich aber auch beim Bau der Anbetungsstätten. Beim Bau der sogenannten "königreichssäle" habe es nämlich laut Zimmermann in der Vergangenheit immer wieder Probleme gegeben.
Anerkennung nach "objektiven Kriterien"
Im Jahr 2008 hat der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (EGMR) in einem Erkenntnis festgehalten, dass eine Anerkennung als Religionsgemeinschaft für jede Gemeinschaft nach der Prüfung objektiver Kriterien erfolgen muss. So muss die Gruppe zunächst als religiöse Bekenntnisgemeinschaft anerkannt sein, bereits hier muss es eine Mindestanzahl von Anhängern geben.
Für die Anerkennung als Religionsgemeinschaft muss die Gruppe seit mindestens 20 Jahren bestehen, davon zehn als Bekenntnisgemeinschaft, sowie mindestens 16.000 Mitglieder aufweisen. Auch eine "positive Grundeinstellung gegenüber Staat und Gesellschaft" ist Voraussetzung, weiters dürfen Geldmittel nur für religiöse und mildtätige Zwecke verwendet werden. All diese Faktoren werden von den Zeugen Jehovas erfüllt, hieß es seitens des Ministeriums.
Bereits im Jahr 2003 hatte der EGMR der Klage eines österreichischen Zeugen Jehovas recht gegeben: Der Staat Österreich wurde verurteilt, weil ein "Ältester" der Zeugen Jehovas im Gegensatz zu Seelsorgern gesetzlich anerkannter Kirchen nicht vom Militärdienst befreit worden war.
(APA, Red.)

Question: which european country is known as austrija

Religion in Austria was officially recognized by twelve religionsArticle in Die Presse, May 8, 2009 and religious communities.

which european country is known as austrija

Question: when did austria become a republic of austria

when did austria become a republic of austria

Question: what is the main source of income in austria

what is the main source of income in austria

Question: how many religions are there in austria

Question: what is the name of the religion in austria

what is the name of the religion in austria

Question: who recognized religion in austria in 2009

who recognized religion in austria in 2009

Religion in Austria was officially recognized by twelve religionsArticle in Die Presse , May 8 , 2009 and religious communities .

Vjeroispovijest U Austriji je službeno priznato dvanaest religijaČlanak u Die Presse, 8. svibnja 2009. godine i religioznih zajednica.

Vjeroispovijest U Austriji je službeno priznato dvanaest religijaČlanak u Die Presse, 8. svibnja 2009. godine i religioznih zajednica.

Religion in Austria was officially recognized by twelve religionsArticle in Die Presse, May 8, 2009 and religious communities.

Religion in Austria was officially recognized by twelve religionsArticle in Die Presse, May 8, 2009 and religious communities.

Recognised Religions in Austria Religion Number of Members 1 Roman Catholic Church 2 5,600,000 Islam 515,914 Article in Die Presse, February 25, 2010, based on the publication Österreichische Integrationsfond (ÖIF) on January 1, 2009 Protestantism 375,000 Greek Orthodox Church 175,000 Jehovah's Witnesses 23.200 Old Catholic Church 14.500 Buddhism 10.400 Judaism 8.000 Eastern Orthodox Church 5.000 New Apostolic Church 4.200 Mormons 2.250 Methodists 1.250 1 Number of Members from the 2001 Population List 2 Number based on data from 2007

Die Zahl der Muslime in Österreich ist seit 2001 um fast die Hälfte gestiegen. Der Anstieg ist den Geburten und nicht der Zuwanderung zuzuschreiben. Rund 50 Prozent der heimischen Muslime haben die Staatsbürgerschaft.
WIEN. Wie viele Muslime es in Österreich gibt, wissen nicht einmal ihre offiziellen Vertreter so genau – die letzten gesicherten Zahlen stammen aus der Volkszählung von 2001, seither geisterten unterschiedlichste Zahlen durch die Öffentlichkeit – die Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich (IGGiÖ) ging zuletzt von 400.000 Muslimen aus.
Eine neue Publikation des Österreichischen Integrationsfonds (ÖIF), die der „Presse“ vorliegt, liefert nun eine Zahl, die den aktuellen Status des Islam in Österreich fundiert abbildet. 515.914 Menschen muslimischen Glaubens leben demnach in Österreich (Stand 1. Jänner 2009), das entspricht 6,2 Prozent der Bevölkerung. Zum Vergleich: 2001 machten 345.906 Muslime rund 4,3 Prozent der Bevölkerung aus – das bedeutet eine Zunahme um fast die Hälfte.
Hälfte der Muslime Österreicher
Grundlage für die neuen Daten ist eine Fortschreibung der Volkszählungsergebnisse mit den Zahlen aus der Wanderungsstatistik und den Geburtenzahlen. Auf diese Weise kommt man zu annähernd gesicherten Zahlen, wenn es auch methodenbedingt einige Unschärfen gibt. So wird in der Berechnung etwa davon ausgegangen, dass Kinder mit mindestens einem muslimischen Elternteil auch Muslime sind. Gleichzeitig werden bei den Daten aus dem Meldewesen nur jene erfasst, die sich legal im Land aufhalten. Doch selbst mit diesen Fragezeichen ist die nun publizierte Zahl das Valideste, was es derzeit an Daten über Muslime in Österreich gibt.
Ein für manche überraschender Wert tritt dann zutage, wenn die Staatsangehörigkeit der Muslime beleuchtet wird. Denn laut der aktuellen Berechnung sind sie fast zur Hälfte (49 Prozent) österreichische Staatsbürger. 21,2 Prozent von Österreichs Muslimen sind türkische Staatsangehörige, 10,1 Prozent Bosnier.
Dass Österreichs Bevölkerung wächst, ist zu einem großen Teil den Muslimen zu verdanken. Ihr Zuwachs machte im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2009 rund 53 Prozent des gesamten Bevölkerungswachstums aus. Auffällig dabei ist, dass der Anteil am Zuwachs durch Geburten deutlich höher ist als jener, der durch Zuwanderung zustande kommt.
Das liegt zum einen daran, dass es sich bei der muslimischen Bevölkerung um eine junge Gruppe handelt – ihr Durchschnittsalter liegt etwa bei 25 Jahren, im Gegensatz zum österreichischen Durchschnitt, der bei 39,9 Jahren liegt. Zum anderen steckt aber auch ein statistisches Problem dahinter – denn nach wie vor kehren viele Migranten im Alter in ihr Heimatland zurück. Und somit wird ein Teil der Sterbefälle in die Wanderungsbilanz verlagert.
Weitere Zunahme erwartet
Was bedeutet das nun für die Zukunft? Laut der ÖIF-Studie ist in den kommenden Jahren jedenfalls mit einer weiteren leichten Zunahme der muslimischen Bevölkerung zu rechnen, sowohl durch Zuwanderung (vor allem im Rahmen des Familiennachzugs), als auch durch Geburten. Allerdings, so die Expertise, sollen sich die derzeit noch deutlich höheren Geburtenzahlen mittelfristig an den Durchschnitt der Gesamtbevölkerung annähern.
("Die Presse", Print-Ausgabe, 26. 2. 2010)

Question: what organization published the austrian census in january 2009

Österreichische Integrationsfond ( ÖIF )

Österreichische Integrationsfond ( ÖIF )

what organization published the austrian census in january 2009

Question: austrija is the capital of which european country

austrija is the capital of which european country

Question: what is the largest religion in austria

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Question: what does Öif stand for

Question: how many muslims live in austria

Question: how many jehovah's witnesses live in austria

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Question: how many greek orthodox church members are there in austria

how many greek orthodox church members are there in austria

Recognised Religions in Austria Religion Number of Members 1 Roman Catholic Church 2 5,600,000 Islam 515,914 Article in Die Presse , February 25 , 2010 , based on the publication Österreichische Integrationsfond ( ÖIF ) on January 1 , 2009 Protestantism 375,000 Greek Orthodox Church 175,000 Jehovah 's Witnesses 23.200 Old Catholic Church 14.500 Buddhism 10.400 Judaism 8.000 Eastern Orthodox Church 5.000 New Apostolic Church 4.200 Mormons 2.250 Methodists 1.250 1 Number of Members from the 2001 Population List 2 Number based on data from 2007