Rubuta ci gaba don wannan sakin layi - Tashin hankalin Cossack Khmelnytsky na 1648<unk>1657 ya mamaye yankunan kudu maso gabashin kambin Poland; tasirinsa na dogon lokaci ya kasance bala'i ga Commonwealth. Na farko "liberum veto" (kayan aikin majalisa wanda ya ba kowane memba na Sejm damar rushe zaman da ke gudana nan da nan) wani wakili ne ya yi amfani da shi a 1652. Wannan aikin a ƙarshe zai raunana gwamnatin tsakiya ta Poland sosai. A cikin Yarjejeniyar Pereyaslav (1654), 'yan tawayen Ukraine sun ayyana kansu a ƙarƙashin Sarkin Rasha. Yaƙin Arewa na biyu ya ɓarke ta tsakiyar ƙasashen Poland a cikin 1655 <unk> 1660; ya haɗa da mummunan mamayewa na Poland da ake kira Ruwan Ruwan Sweden
Ka yi haƙuri. Yaƙin ya ƙare a 1660 tare da Yarjejeniyar Oliva, wanda ya haifar da asarar wasu daga cikin mallakar arewacin Poland. A cikin 1657 Yarjejeniyar Bromberg ta kafa 'yancin kai na Duchy na Prussia. Sojojin Commonwealth sun yi kyau a cikin Yaƙin Russo-Poland (1654<unk>1667), amma sakamakon ƙarshe shi ne rarraba Ukraine ta dindindin tsakanin Poland da Rasha, kamar yadda aka amince a cikin Truce na Andrusovo (1667). Zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin, tawayen Lubomirski, babban mai girman kai ya yi tawaye ga sarki, ya lalata kuma ya raunana ƙasar. Har ila yau, manyan hare-haren bayi na Crimean Tatars sun yi mummunan tasiri ga tattalin arzikin Poland. "Merkuriusz Polski", jaridar Poland ta farko, an buga ta a shekara ta 1661.