Ka cika wannan jumla: Daular Sifen ta ci yankin a ƙarni na 16 kuma ta kafa sarauta da ta ƙunshi yawancin yankunanta na Kudancin Amirka, kuma babban birninta Lima ne. Ilimi mafi girma ya fara ne a Amurka tare da kafa jami'ar San Marcos a Lima a shekara ta 1551. Peru a hukumance ta ayyana 'yancin kai a 1821, kuma bayan kamfen din soja na kasashen waje na José de San Martín da Simón Bolívar, da kuma yakin da aka yi a Ayacucho, Peru ta kammala' yancin kai a 1824. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ƙasar ta ji daɗin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki da siyasa, wanda ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba kafin Yaƙin Pacific (1879<unk>1884) tare da Chile. A cikin karni na 20, Peru ta jimre da rikice-rikice na yanki, juyin mulki, tashin hankali na zamantakewa, da
rikice-rikice na cikin gida, da kuma lokutan kwanciyar hankali da haɓakar tattalin arziki. A cikin shekarun 1990, kasar ta aiwatar da tsarin tattalin arziki na neoliberal wanda har yanzu ake amfani da shi har zuwa yau. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Peru ta sami ci gaban tattalin arziki na yau da kullun da raguwar rashin daidaito.