Kammala jumla mai zuwa: Kafin ƙarni na 4 KZ, Makidoniya ƙaramar masarauta ce a waje da yankin da manyan biranen Athens, Sparta da Thebes suka mamaye, kuma a takaice ta kasance ƙarƙashin Farisa ta Achaemenid. A lokacin mulkin Sarkin Argead Philip II (359<unk>336 BC), Makidoniya ta mamaye babban yankin Girka da kuma mulkin Thracian Odrysian ta hanyar cin nasara da diflomasiyya. Tare da sake fasalin rundunar da ke dauke da phalanxes masu amfani da "sarissa" pike, PhilipII ya kayar da tsoffin ikon Athens da Thebes a yakin Chaeronea a 338BC. Dan Philip II, Alexander the Great, wanda ke jagorantar tarayyar jihohin Girka, ya cika burin mahaifinsa na umurnin dukan Girka lokacin da ya
An lalata Thebes bayan birnin ya yi tawaye. A yaƙin da Iskandari ya yi na cin nasara, ya kawar da Daular Achaemenid kuma ya ci yankin da ya kai har zuwa Kogin Indus. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci, daularsa ita ce mafi ƙarfi a duniya <unk> tabbatacciyar jihar Hellenistic, tana ƙaddamar da sauyawa zuwa sabon zamani na tsohuwar wayewar Girka. A cikin sababbin ƙasashen da aka ci, an sami ci gaba sosai a fannin fasaha da adabi na Helenawa, kuma ilimin falsafa, injiniya, da kimiyya sun yaɗu a yawancin ƙasashen zamanin dā. Muhimmiyar gudummawar Aristotle ce, malamin Iskandari, wanda rubuce-rubucensa suka zama tushen falsafar Yammacin duniya.