Kammala jumla mai zuwa: Sakamakon Yaƙin Vietnam (Indochina na Biyu) (1954<unk>75), Viet Cong da rundunar sojojin jama'ar Vietnam (PAVN) na DRV sun haɗa ƙasar a ƙarƙashin mulkin kwaminisanci. A cikin wannan rikici, Arewa da Viet Cong - tare da tallafin kayan aiki daga Tarayyar Soviet - sun kayar da Sojojin Jamhuriyar Vietnam, waɗanda suka nemi ci gaba da 'yancin kai na Vietnam ta Kudu tare da goyon bayan sojojin Amurka, wanda sojojinsa suka kai 540,000 a lokacin da' yan gurguzu suka jagoranci Tet Offensive a shekarar 1968. Arewa ba ta bi ka'idodin Yarjejeniyar Paris ta 1973 ba, wanda a hukumance ya sasanta yaƙin ta hanyar kiran zaɓen 'yanci a Kudu da sake haɗuwa cikin lumana. Shekaru biyu bayan janyewar sojojin Amurka na karshe a 1973, Saigon, babban birnin Kudancin Vietnam,
ya fadi ga 'yan gurguzu, kuma sojojin Kudancin Vietnam sun mika wuya a shekarar 1975. A cikin 1976, gwamnatin hadadden Vietnam ta sake sunan Saigon zuwa Hồ Chí Minh City don girmama Hồ, wanda ya mutu a 1969. Yaƙin ya bar Vietnam ta lalace, tare da jimillar mutuwar da ke tsakanin 966,000 da miliyan 3.8, kuma dubban mutane da yawa sun gurgunta da makamai da abubuwa kamar napalm da Agent Orange. Gwamnatin Vietnam ta ce 'yan kasar miliyan 4 sun kamu da Agent Orange, kuma kusan miliyan 3 sun kamu da cututtuka saboda shi; wadannan alkaluman sun hada da 'ya'yan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar. Red Cross na Vietnam ya kiyasta cewa har zuwa mutane miliyan 1 suna da nakasa ko suna da matsalolin kiwon lafiya saboda gurbataccen Agent Orange. Gwamnatin Amurka ta kalubalanci wadannan kididdigar da cewa ba za a iya dogara da su ba.