Kammala jumla mai zuwa: A karkashin jagorancin Benjamin Netanyahu a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Isra'ila ta janye daga Hebron, kuma ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Wye River, ta ba da iko mafi girma ga Hukumar Kula da Ƙasar Falasdinu. Ehud Barak, wanda aka zaba Firayim Minista a shekarar 1999, ya fara sabon karni ta hanyar janye sojojin daga Kudancin Labanon da gudanar da tattaunawa da Shugaban Hukumar Falasdinawa Yasser Arafat da Shugaban Amurka Bill Clinton a taron kolin Camp David na 2000. A yayin taron, Barak ya ba da shirin kafa kasar Falasdinu. Jihar da aka gabatar ta hada da dukkan yankin Gaza da sama da kashi 90% na Yammacin Kogin tare da Urushalima a matsayin babban birnin tarayya. Kowane bangare ya zargi ɗayan da gazawar tattaunawar. Bayan ziyarar da shugaban Likud Ariel Sharon ya yi a Dutsen Haikali, Intifada ta biyu ta fara. Wasu masu sharhi sun yi jayayya cewa Arafat ya shirya tashin hankali ne saboda rushewar tattaunawar zaman lafiya. Sharon ya zama firaminista a zaben shekara ta 2001. A lokacin mulkinsa, Sharon ya aiwatar da shirinsa na
janye kai tsaye daga Zirin Gaza kuma ya jagoranci gina shingen Isra'ila na Yammacin Kogin, yana kawo karshen Intifada. A wannan lokacin an kashe Isra'ilawa 1,100, yawancinsu a hare-haren kunar bakin wake. Wadanda Falasdinawa suka mutu, daga 2000 zuwa 2008, sun kai 4,791 da sojojin tsaro na Isra'ila suka kashe, 44 da fararen hula na Isra'ila suka kashe, da kuma 609 da Falasdinawa suka kashe.