Kammala jumla mai zuwa: A farkon ƙarni na 16, daular Safavid ta Shi'a ta karɓi iko a Farisa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shah Ismail I, inda ta ci nasara da gwamnatin Tarayyar Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu (wanda ake kira "White Sheep Turkomans") a 1501. Sarkin Ottoman Selim I ya nemi ya kawar da fadada Safavid, ya kalubalance su kuma ya ci su a yakin Chaldiran a 1514. Selim I kuma ya kawar da Mamluks masu mulki a Masar, ya mamaye yankunansu a 1517. Suleiman I (wanda aka fi sani da "Suleiman the Magnificent"), magajin Selim I, ya yi amfani da karkatar da hankalin Safavid ga Uzbeks a kan iyakar gabas kuma ya sake kama Bagadaza, wanda ya fada karkashin ikon Safavid. Duk da wannan, ikon Safavid ya kasance mai mahimmanci, yana gasa da Ottomans. Suleiman I ya ci gaba da zurfi a cikin Hungary bayan yakin Mohács a 1526 <unk>
Ya kai har zuwa ƙofar Vienna daga baya, kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Franco-Ottoman tare da Francis I na Faransa a kan Charles V na Roman Empire mai tsarki shekaru 10 daga baya. Duk da yake mulkin Suleiman I (1520<unk>1566) ana yawan gano shi a matsayin mafi girman ikon Ottoman, daular ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai iko da tasiri har zuwa raguwar ƙarfin sojanta a rabi na biyu na karni na sha takwas.