Rubuta ci gaba don wannan sakin layi - Kafin ƙarni na 4 KZ, Makidoniya ƙaramar masarauta ce a waje da yankin da manyan biranen Athens, Sparta da Thebes suka mamaye, kuma a ɗan gajeren lokaci suna ƙarƙashin Farisa ta Achaemenid. A lokacin mulkin Sarkin Argead Philip II (359<unk>336 BC), Makidoniya ta mamaye babban yankin Girka da kuma mulkin Thracian Odrysian ta hanyar cin nasara da diflomasiyya. Tare da sake fasalin rundunar da ke dauke da phalanxes masu amfani da "sarissa" pike, PhilipII ya kayar da tsoffin ikon Athens da Thebes a yakin Chaeronea a 338BC. Ɗan Philip II, Iskandari Mai Girma, wanda ke jagorantar tarayyar ƙasashen Girka, ya cika burin mahaifinsa na ba da umurni ga dukan Girka lokacin da ya hallaka Thebes
bayan da birnin ya tayar. A yaƙin da Iskandari ya yi na cin nasara, ya kawar da Daular Achaemenid kuma ya ci yankin da ya kai har zuwa Kogin Indus. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci, daularsa ita ce mafi ƙarfi a duniya <unk> tabbatacciyar jihar Hellenistic, tana ƙaddamar da sauyawa zuwa sabon zamani na tsohuwar wayewar Girka. A cikin sababbin ƙasashen da aka ci, an sami ci gaba sosai a fannin fasaha da adabi na Helenawa, kuma ilimin falsafa, injiniya, da kimiyya sun yaɗu a yawancin ƙasashen zamanin dā. Muhimmiyar gudummawar Aristotle ce, malamin Iskandari, wanda rubuce-rubucensa suka zama tushen falsafar Yammacin duniya.