A karshen yakin duniya na biyu Chen ya gudu zuwa Japan kuma, nan da nan bayan
A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1945, wakilin kasar Sin Janar He Yingqin ya nemi wakilin kasar Japan, Janar Okamura Yasuji, ya mika Chen Gongbo zuwa kasar Sin don a yi masa shari'a kan cin amanar kasa. Sojojin mamaye na Amurka sun ba da wannan bukatar, kuma an dawo da Chen zuwa China a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. A lokacin shari'arsa ya kare kansa sosai, yana mai cewa a matsayinsa na Shugaban kasa ya ki yin hadin gwiwa da Jafananci a wasu muhimman batutuwa kuma ya yi aiki ne kawai saboda amincinsa ga abokinsa, Wang Jingwei. Duk da haka, an kama shi da laifin cin amana kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa. Ya dauki makomarsa cikin nutsuwa, yana cewa "Ba da daɗewa ba zan sake haɗuwa da Wang Jingwei a cikin duniyar da ke gaba". An kashe Chen ta hanyar harbi a Suzhou, Jiangsu, a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1946.