Completar a seguinte frase: Guangxu (nascido em 1871, reinou em 1875<unk>1908) ordenou uma série de reformas com o objetivo de fazer mudanças sociais e institucionais. 1895), not long after the First (1839<unk>1842) and
Second (1856<unk>1860) Opium Wars; this military blow came as a major shock to the Chinese, because Japan had been regarded as a tributary state, was much smaller than China, and was considered as inferior. China also fought France in the Sino-French War from 1884 to 1885. Moreover, the defeat of China by Japan led to a scramble for "privileges" in China by other foreign powers, notably by the German Empire and Russia, further awakening the conservatives.<unk> Moreover, the defeat of China by Japan led to a scramble for "privileges" in China by other foreign powers, notably by the German Empire and Russia, further awakening the conservatives.